1
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Hong M, Nie Z, Chen Z, Bao B. Astaxanthin attenuates diabetic kidney injury through upregulation of autophagy in podocytes and pathological crosstalk with mesangial cells. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2378999. [PMID: 39011603 PMCID: PMC467097 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2378999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Astaxanthin (ATX) is a strong antioxidant drug. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ATX on podocytes in diabetic nephropathy and the underlying renal protective mechanism of ATX, which leads to pathological crosstalk with mesangial cells.Methods: In this study, diabetic rats treated with ATX exhibited reduced 24-h urinary protein excretion and decreased blood glucose and lipid levels compared to vehicle-treated rats. Glomerular mesangial matrix expansion and renal tubular epithelial cell injury were also attenuated in ATX-treated diabetic rats compared to control rats.Results: ATX treatment markedly reduced the α-SMA and collagen IV levels in the kidneys of diabetic rats. Additionally, ATX downregulated autophagy levels. In vitro, compared with normal glucose, high glucose inhibited LC3-II expression and increased p62 expression, whereas ATX treatment reversed these changes. ATX treatment also inhibited α-SMA and collagen IV expression in cultured podocytes. Secreted factors (vascular endothelial growth factor B and transforming growth factor-β) generated by high glucose-induced podocytes downregulated autophagy in human mesangial cells (HMCs); however, this downregulation was upregulated when podocytes were treated with ATX.Conclusions: The current study revealed that ATX attenuates diabetes-induced kidney injury likely through the upregulation of autophagic activity in podocytes and its antifibrotic effects. Crosstalk between podocytes and HMCs can cause renal injury in diabetes, but ATX treatment reversed this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Hong
- Ningbo Ninth Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang, China
- Division of Nephrology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenyu Nie
- Division of Nephrology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengyue Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang, China
| | - BeiYan Bao
- Division of Nephrology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Sachs W, Blume L, Loreth D, Schebsdat L, Hatje F, Koehler S, Wedekind U, Sachs M, Zieliniski S, Brand J, Conze C, Florea BI, Heppner F, Krüger E, Rinschen MM, Kretz O, Thünauer R, Meyer-Schwesinger C. The proteasome modulates endocytosis specifically in glomerular cells to promote kidney filtration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1897. [PMID: 38429282 PMCID: PMC10907641 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46273-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney filtration is ensured by the interaction of podocytes, endothelial and mesangial cells. Immunoglobulin accumulation at the filtration barrier is pathognomonic for glomerular injury. The mechanisms that regulate filter permeability are unknown. Here, we identify a pivotal role for the proteasome in a specific cell type. Combining genetic and inhibitor-based human, pig, mouse, and Drosophila models we demonstrate that the proteasome maintains filtration barrier integrity, with podocytes requiring the constitutive and glomerular endothelial cells the immunoproteasomal activity. Endothelial immunoproteasome deficiency as well as proteasome inhibition disrupt the filtration barrier in mice, resulting in pathologic immunoglobulin deposition. Mechanistically, we observe reduced endocytic activity, which leads to altered membrane recycling and endocytic receptor turnover. This work expands the concept of the (immuno)proteasome as a control protease orchestrating protein degradation and antigen presentation and endocytosis, providing new therapeutic targets to treat disease-associated glomerular protein accumulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Sachs
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Blume
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Desiree Loreth
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Schebsdat
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Favian Hatje
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sybille Koehler
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
- Nephrology, III Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uta Wedekind
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marlies Sachs
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Zieliniski
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Brand
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Bogdan I Florea
- Bio-Organic Synthesis Group, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Heppner
- Institute of Neuropathology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elke Krüger
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
- Nephrology, III Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany
- Nephrology, III Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Thünauer
- Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Technology Platform Light Microscopy (TPLM), University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Advanced Light and Fluorescence Microscopy (ALFM) Facility at the Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Hamburg Center of Kidney Health, Hamburg, Germany.
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3
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Hu S, Hang X, Wei Y, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhao L. Crosstalk among podocytes, glomerular endothelial cells and mesangial cells in diabetic kidney disease: an updated review. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:136. [PMID: 38374141 PMCID: PMC10875896 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a long-term and serious complication of diabetes that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by proteinuria, glomerular damage, and renal fibrosis, leading to end-stage renal disease, and the pathogenesis is complex and involves multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. Among three kinds of intraglomerular cells including podocytes, glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and mesangial cells (MCs), the alterations in one cell type can produce changes in the others. The cell-to-cell crosstalk plays a crucial role in maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) and homeostasis. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in understanding the pathological changes and interactions of these three types of cells in DKD and then focused on the signaling pathways and factors that mediate the crosstalk, such as angiopoietins, vascular endothelial growth factors, transforming growth factor-β, Krüppel-like factors, retinoic acid receptor response protein 1 and exosomes, etc. Furthermore, we also simply introduce the application of the latest technologies in studying cell interactions within glomerular cells and new promising mediators for cell crosstalk in DKD. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive and updated overview of the glomerular crosstalk in DKD and highlights its importance for the development of novel intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwan Hu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xing Hang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Han Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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4
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Staruschenko A, Ma R, Palygin O, Dryer SE. Ion channels and channelopathies in glomeruli. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:787-854. [PMID: 36007181 PMCID: PMC9662803 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential step in renal function entails the formation of an ultrafiltrate that is delivered to the renal tubules for subsequent processing. This process, known as glomerular filtration, is controlled by intrinsic regulatory systems and by paracrine, neuronal, and endocrine signals that converge onto glomerular cells. In addition, the characteristics of glomerular fluid flow, such as the glomerular filtration rate and the glomerular filtration fraction, play an important role in determining blood flow to the rest of the kidney. Consequently, disease processes that initially affect glomeruli are the most likely to lead to end-stage kidney failure. The cells that comprise the glomerular filter, especially podocytes and mesangial cells, express many different types of ion channels that regulate intrinsic aspects of cell function and cellular responses to the local environment, such as changes in glomerular capillary pressure. Dysregulation of glomerular ion channels, such as changes in TRPC6, can lead to devastating glomerular diseases, and a number of channels, including TRPC6, TRPC5, and various ionotropic receptors, are promising targets for drug development. This review discusses glomerular structure and glomerular disease processes. It also describes the types of plasma membrane ion channels that have been identified in glomerular cells, the physiological and pathophysiological contexts in which they operate, and the pathways by which they are regulated and dysregulated. The contributions of these channels to glomerular disease processes, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic nephropathy, as well as the development of drugs that target these channels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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5
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Knowledge-graph-based cell-cell communication inference for spatially resolved transcriptomic data with SpaTalk. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4429. [PMID: 35908020 PMCID: PMC9338929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatially resolved transcriptomics provides genetic information in space toward elucidation of the spatial architecture in intact organs and the spatially resolved cell-cell communications mediating tissue homeostasis, development, and disease. To facilitate inference of spatially resolved cell-cell communications, we here present SpaTalk, which relies on a graph network and knowledge graph to model and score the ligand-receptor-target signaling network between spatially proximal cells by dissecting cell-type composition through a non-negative linear model and spatial mapping between single-cell transcriptomic and spatially resolved transcriptomic data. The benchmarked performance of SpaTalk on public single-cell spatial transcriptomic datasets is superior to that of existing inference methods. Then we apply SpaTalk to STARmap, Slide-seq, and 10X Visium data, revealing the in-depth communicative mechanisms underlying normal and disease tissues with spatial structure. SpaTalk can uncover spatially resolved cell-cell communications for single-cell and spot-based spatially resolved transcriptomic data universally, providing valuable insights into spatial inter-cellular tissue dynamics. Cell-cell communication is a vital feature involving numerous biological processes. Here, the authors develop SpaTalk, a cell-cell communication inference method using knowledge graph for spatially resolved transcriptomic data, providing valuable insights into spatial intercellular tissue dynamics.
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6
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Bongolan T, Whiteley J, Castillo-Prado J, Fantin A, Larsen B, Wong CJ, Mazilescu L, Kawamura M, Urbanellis P, Jonebring A, Salter E, Collingridge G, Gladdy R, Hicks R, Gingras AC, Selzner M, Rogers IM. Decellularization of porcine kidney with submicellar concentrations of SDS results in the retention of ECM proteins required for the adhesion and maintenance of human adult renal epithelial cells. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2972-2990. [PMID: 35521809 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01017d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
When decellularizing kidneys, it is important to maintain the integrity of the acellular extracellular matrix (ECM), including associated adhesion proteins and growth factors that allow recellularized cells to adhere and migrate according to ECM specificity. Kidney decellularization requires the ionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS); however, this results in a loss of ECM proteins important for cell adherence, migration, and growth, particularly glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-associated proteins. Here, we demonstrate that using submicellar concentrations of SDS results in a greater retention of structural proteins, GAGs, growth factors, and cytokines. When porcine kidney ECM scaffolds were recellularized using human adult primary renal epithelial cells (RECs), the ECM promoted cell survival and the uniform distribution of cells throughout the ECM. Cells maintained the expression of mature renal epithelial markers but did not organize on the ECM, indicating that mature cells are unable to migrate to specific locations on ECM scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya Bongolan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Whiteley
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Jorge Castillo-Prado
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Amanda Fantin
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Brett Larsen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Cassandra J Wong
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Laura Mazilescu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.,Soham & Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Masataka Kawamura
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.,Soham & Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Peter Urbanellis
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.,Soham & Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Anna Jonebring
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Sweden
| | - Eric Salter
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Graham Collingridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Rebecca Gladdy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Ryan Hicks
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Sweden
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1E2, Canada
| | - Markus Selzner
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.,Soham & Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Ian M Rogers
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. .,Soham & Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1E2, Canada
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7
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Clark AR, Marshall J, Zhou Y, Montesinos MS, Chen H, Nguyen L, Chen F, Greka A. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveal Disrupted Kidney Filter Cell-Cell Interactions after Early and Selective Podocyte Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:281-294. [PMID: 34861215 PMCID: PMC8892500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The health of the kidney filtration barrier requires communication among podocytes, endothelial cells, and mesangial cells. Disruption of these cell-cell interactions is thought to contribute to disease progression in chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Podocyte ablation via doxycycline-inducible deletion of an essential endogenous molecule, CTCF [inducible podocyte-specific CTCF deletion (iCTCFpod-/-)], is sufficient to drive progressive CKD. However, the earliest events connecting podocyte injury to disrupted intercellular communication within the kidney filter remain unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing of kidney tissue from iCTCFpod-/- mice after 1 week of doxycycline induction was performed to generate a map of the earliest transcriptional effects of podocyte injury on cell-cell interactions at single-cell resolution. A subset of podocytes had the earliest signs of injury due to disrupted gene programs for cytoskeletal regulation and mitochondrial function. Surviving podocytes up-regulated collagen type IV ɑ5, causing reactive changes in integrin expression in endothelial populations and mesangial cells. Intercellular interaction analysis revealed several receptor-ligand-target gene programs as drivers of endothelial cell injury and abnormal matrix deposition. This analysis reveals the earliest disruptive changes within the kidney filter, pointing to new, actionable targets within a therapeutic window that may allow us to maximize the success of much needed therapeutic interventions for CKDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbe R. Clark
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jamie Marshall
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Monica S. Montesinos
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Haiqi Chen
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lan Nguyen
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Fei Chen
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Anna Greka
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Address correspondence to Anna Greka, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Institute of Medicine, Blackfan Circle, 5th Floor, Boston, MA 02115.
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8
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Ren L, Zhang S, Shi J, Wang X, Qin W, Liu Z, Shi S. Distinct effects of ANGPT2 on gene expression of glomerular podocytes and mesangial cells. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:12249-12263. [PMID: 34956451 PMCID: PMC8661200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular diseases are the leading cause of chronic kidney diseases with the pathomechanisms largely unclear. ANGPT2 is known to regulate endothelial cell homeostasis through TEK/Tie2 and its dysregulation causes endothelial damage. Here, we found that ANGPT2 is upregulated in glomerular diseases and wondered whether it also acts on the other two glomerular cell types, podocytes and mesangial cells. We treated podocytes and mesangial cells in culture with ANGPT2 but didn't find changes in morphology and survival. RNA-seq analysis revealed that gene expression was altered in both podocytes and mesangial cells and that the differentially expressed genes in the two cell types were fundamentally different and enriched in distinct cellular processes and pathways according to GO and KEGG analyses. Mechanistically, the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) analysis revealed that ERK and AKT were the most connected nodes in the networks of the regulated genes of both podocytes and mesangial cells, suggesting that ANGPT2 affected ERK and AKT in both cell types. Interestingly, immunoblotting showed that phosphorylated ERK and AKT were both increased in podocytes while decreased in mesangial cells by ANGPT2. We found that mesangial cells, but not podocytes, expressed TEK and ANGPT1, suggesting that ANGPT2 could antagonize ANGPT1-TEK-ERK axis in mesangial cells similarly to endothelial cells. We searched databases and found that integrin alpha(v) (ITGAV) is an ANGPT2 interacting protein and expressed in podocytes, suggesting that ITGAV mediates ANGPT2 effect on podocytes. In conclusion, increased ANGPT2 may be involved in glomerular injury by affecting podocytes and mesangial cells in addition to endothelial cells. The complexity of the effect of ANGPT2 in glomeruli may apply to other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ren
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of MedicineNanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sipan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of MedicineNanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingsong Shi
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of MedicineNanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Wang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of MedicineNanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weisong Qin
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of MedicineNanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of MedicineNanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaolin Shi
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of MedicineNanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Cohen C, Le Goff O, Soysouvanh F, Vasseur F, Tanou M, Nguyen C, Amrouche L, Le Guen J, Saltel-Fulero O, Meunier T, Nguyen-Khoa T, Rabant M, Nochy D, Legendre C, Friedlander G, Childs BG, Baker DJ, Knebelmann B, Anglicheau D, Milliat F, Terzi F. Glomerular endothelial cell senescence drives age-related kidney disease through PAI-1. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14146. [PMID: 34725920 PMCID: PMC8573606 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the development of glomerular lesions during aging are largely unknown. It has been suggested that senescence might play a role, but the pathophysiological link between senescence and lesion development remains unexplained. Here, we uncovered an unexpected role for glomerular endothelial cells during aging. In fact, we discovered a detrimental cross-talk between senescent endothelial cells and podocytes, through PAI-1. In vivo, selective inactivation of PAI-1 in endothelial cells protected glomeruli from lesion development and podocyte loss in aged mice. In vitro, blocking PAI-1 in supernatants from senescent endothelial cells prevented podocyte apoptosis. Consistently, depletion of senescent cells prevented podocyte loss in old p16 INK-ATTAC transgenic mice. Importantly, these experimental findings are relevant to humans. We showed that glomerular PAI-1 expression was predictive of poor outcomes in transplanted kidneys from elderly donors. In addition, we observed that in elderly patients, urinary PAI-1 was associated with age-related chronic kidney disease. Altogether, these results uncover a novel mechanism of kidney disease and identify PAI-1 as a promising biomarker of kidney dysfunction in allografts from elderly donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Cohen
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
| | - Océane Le Goff
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Soysouvanh
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire Radiobiologie des Expositions Médicale, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Florence Vasseur
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
| | - Marine Tanou
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
| | - Clément Nguyen
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
| | - Lucile Amrouche
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
- Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julien Le Guen
- Service de Gériatrie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP Centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Oriana Saltel-Fulero
- Service de Gériatrie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP Centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tanguy Meunier
- Service de Gériatrie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP Centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thao Nguyen-Khoa
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP Centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marion Rabant
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
- Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP Centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Nochy
- Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Hôpital Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP Centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Legendre
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
- Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Friedlander
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
| | - Bennett G Childs
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daren J Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bertrand Knebelmann
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
- Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
- Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Milliat
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire Radiobiologie des Expositions Médicale, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Département "Croissance et Signalisation", Paris, France
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10
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Azzam P, Francis M, Youssef T, Mroueh M, Daher AA, Eid AA, Fornoni A, Marples B, Zeidan YH. Crosstalk Between SMPDL3b and NADPH Oxidases Mediates Radiation-Induced Damage of Renal Podocytes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:732528. [PMID: 34660640 PMCID: PMC8511442 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.732528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) for various tumors localized in the abdomen or pelvis often suffer from radiation nephrotoxicity as collateral damage. Renal podocytes are vulnerable targets for ionizing radiation and contribute to radiation-induced nephropathies. Our prior work previously highlighted the importance of the lipid-modifying enzyme sphingomyelinase acid phosphodiesterase like 3b (SMPDL3b) in modulating the radiation response in podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells. Hereby, we investigated the interplay between SMPDL3b and oxidative stress in mediating radiation injury in podocytes. We demonstrated that the overexpression of SMPDL3b in cultured podocytes (OE) reduced superoxide anion generation and NADPH oxidase activity compared to wild-type cells (WT) post-irradiation. Furthermore, OE podocytes showed downregulated levels of NOX1 and NOX4 after RT. On the other hand, treatment with the NOX inhibitor GKT improved WTs' survival post-RT and restored SMPDL3b to basal levels. in vivo, the administration of GKT restored glomerular morphology and decreased proteinuria in 26-weeks irradiated mice. Taken together, these results suggest a novel role for NOX-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) upstream of SMPDL3b in modulating the response of renal podocytes to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Azzam
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marina Francis
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tarek Youssef
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Manal Mroueh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alaa Abou Daher
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Brian Marples
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Youssef H Zeidan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Baptist Health, Lynn Cancer Institute, Boca Raton, FL, United States
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11
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Du C, Ren Y, Li G, Yang Y, Yan Z, Yao F. Single Cell Transcriptome Helps Better Understanding Crosstalk in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:657614. [PMID: 34485320 PMCID: PMC8415842 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.657614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Years of research revealed that crosstalk extensively existed among kidney cells, cell factors and metabolites and played an important role in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In the last few years, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology provided new insight into cellular heterogeneity and genetic susceptibility regarding DKD at cell-specific level. The studies based on scRNA-seq enable a much deeper understanding of cell-specific processes such as interaction between cells. In this paper, we aim to review recent progress in single cell transcriptomic analyses of DKD, particularly highlighting on intra- or extra-glomerular cell crosstalk, cellular targets and potential therapeutic strategies for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Du
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunzhuo Ren
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guixin Li
- Department of Burn, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhe Yan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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12
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Fu J, Yi Z, Cai M, Yuan W, Zhang W, Lee K, He JC. Global transcriptomic changes in glomerular endothelial cells in mice with podocyte depletion and glomerulosclerosis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:687. [PMID: 34244474 PMCID: PMC8270962 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are a key component of the glomerular filtration barrier, and its dysfunction and eventual loss drive glomerular disease progression. Recent research has demonstrated the importance of podocyte cross-talk with other glomerular cells, such as glomerular endothelial cells (GECs), in both glomerular homeostasis and in disease settings. However, how GECs are affected globally by podocyte injury and loss in disease settings remains unclear. Therefore, to characterize the molecular changes occurring in GECs in response to the podocyte loss, we performed the transcriptomic profiling of isolated GECs after diphtheria toxin (DT)-mediated podocyte depletion in transgenic mice with podocyte-specific human DT receptor and endothelial-specific enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) expression. DT administration led to nearly 40% of podocyte loss with the development of glomerulosclerosis. Differential gene expression analysis of isolated GECs in the diseased mice showed significant changes in pathways related to cell adhesion and actin cytoskeleton, proliferation, and angiogenesis, as well as apoptosis and cell death. However, quantification of EYFP + GECs indicated that there was a reduction in GECs in the diseased mice, suggesting that despite the ongoing proliferation, the concomitant injury and the activation of cell death program results in their overall net loss. The upstream regulator analysis strongly indicated the involvement of p53, TGF-β1, and TNF-α as key mediators of the molecular changes occurring in GECs in the diseased mice. Our findings demonstrate significant molecular changes in GECs as a secondary consequence of podocyte loss and provide a valuable resource for further in-depth analysis of potential glomerular cross-talk mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Zhengzi Yi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minchao Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Renal Program, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center at Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Endothelial Progenitor Cells Protect Human Glomerular Endothelial Cells and Podocytes from Complement- and Cytokine-Mediated Injury. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071675. [PMID: 34359843 PMCID: PMC8304261 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerulonephritis are renal inflammatory processes characterized by increased permeability of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier (GFB) with consequent hematuria and proteinuria. Glomerular endothelial cells (GEC) and podocytes are part of the GFB and contribute to the maintenance of its structural and functional integrity through the release of paracrine mediators. Activation of the complement cascade and pro-inflammatory cytokines (CK) such as Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) can alter GFB function, causing acute glomerular injury and progression toward chronic kidney disease. Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPC) are bone-marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells circulating in peripheral blood and able to induce angiogenesis and to repair injured endothelium by releasing paracrine mediators including Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), microparticles involved in intercellular communication by transferring proteins, lipids, and genetic material (mRNA, microRNA, lncRNA) to target cells. We have previously demonstrated that EPC-derived EVs activate an angiogenic program in quiescent endothelial cells and renoprotection in different experimental models. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the protective effect of EPC-derived EVs on GECs and podocytes cultured in detrimental conditions with CKs (TNF-α/IL-6) and the complement protein C5a. EVs were internalized in both GECs and podocytes mainly through a L-selectin-based mechanism. In GECs, EVs enhanced the formation of capillary-like structures and cell migration by modulating gene expression and inducing the release of growth factors such as VEGF-A and HGF. In the presence of CKs, and C5a, EPC-derived EVs protected GECs from apoptosis by decreasing oxidative stress and prevented leukocyte adhesion by inhibiting the expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin). On podocytes, EVs inhibited apoptosis and prevented nephrin shedding induced by CKs and C5a. In a co-culture model of GECs/podocytes that mimicked GFB, EPC-derived EVs protected cell function and permeselectivity from inflammatory-mediated damage. Moreover, RNase pre-treatment of EVs abrogated their protective effects, suggesting the crucial role of RNA transfer from EVs to damaged glomerular cells. In conclusion, EPC-derived EVs preserved GFB integrity from complement- and cytokine-induced damage, suggesting their potential role as therapeutic agents for drug-resistant glomerulonephritis.
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Sachs M, Wetzel S, Reichelt J, Sachs W, Schebsdat L, Zielinski S, Seipold L, Heintz L, Müller SA, Kretz O, Lindenmeyer M, Wiech T, Huber TB, Lüllmann-Rauch R, Lichtenthaler SF, Saftig P, Meyer-Schwesinger C. ADAM10-Mediated Ectodomain Shedding Is an Essential Driver of Podocyte Damage. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1389-1408. [PMID: 33785583 PMCID: PMC8259650 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020081213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocytes embrace the glomerular capillaries with foot processes, which are interconnected by a specialized adherens junction to ultimately form the filtration barrier. Altered adhesion and loss are common features of podocyte injury, which could be mediated by shedding of cell-adhesion molecules through the regulated activity of cell surface-expressed proteases. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is such a protease known to mediate ectodomain shedding of adhesion molecules, among others. Here we evaluate the involvement of ADAM10 in the process of antibody-induced podocyte injury. METHODS Membrane proteomics, immunoblotting, high-resolution microscopy, and immunogold electron microscopy were used to analyze human and murine podocyte ADAM10 expression in health and kidney injury. The functionality of ADAM10 ectodomain shedding for podocyte development and injury was analyzed, in vitro and in vivo, in the anti-podocyte nephritis (APN) model in podocyte-specific, ADAM10-deficient mice. RESULTS ADAM10 is selectively localized at foot processes of murine podocytes and its expression is dispensable for podocyte development. Podocyte ADAM10 expression is induced in the setting of antibody-mediated injury in humans and mice. Podocyte ADAM10 deficiency attenuates the clinical course of APN and preserves the morphologic integrity of podocytes, despite subepithelial immune-deposit formation. Functionally, ADAM10-related ectodomain shedding results in cleavage of the cell-adhesion proteins N- and P-cadherin, thus decreasing their injury-related surface levels. This favors podocyte loss and the activation of downstream signaling events through the Wnt signaling pathway in an ADAM10-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS ADAM10-mediated ectodomain shedding of injury-related cadherins drives podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Sachs
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wetzel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Reichelt
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Sachs
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Schebsdat
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Zielinski
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Seipold
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lukas Heintz
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan A. Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Kretz
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiech
- Nephropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Wei Q, Dong Z. The yin and yang of retinoic acid signaling in kidney diseases. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5124-5126. [PMID: 32925167 DOI: 10.1172/jci141712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is involved in various physiological and pathological conditions, including development, tumorigenesis, inflammation, and tissue damage and repair. In kidneys, the beneficial effect of RA has been reported in multiple disease models, such as glomerulosclerosis, renal fibrosis, and acute kidney injury. In this issue of the JCI, Chen et al. report a pathway activated by RA signaling that is mediated by the retinoic acid receptor responder protein 1 (RARRES1). Specifically, RARRES1, which is proteolytically cleaved to release the extracellular domain, was endocytosed by podocytes to induce apoptosis and glomerular dysfunction kidney disease. These findings unveil the contrasting aspects, a Janus face, of RA signaling that may guide its therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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16
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Abstract
The lysosome represents an important regulatory platform within numerous vesicle trafficking pathways including the endocytic, phagocytic, and autophagic pathways. Its ability to fuse with endosomes, phagosomes, and autophagosomes enables the lysosome to break down a wide range of both endogenous and exogenous cargo, including macromolecules, certain pathogens, and old or damaged organelles. Due to its center position in an intricate network of trafficking events, the lysosome has emerged as a central signaling node for sensing and orchestrating the cells metabolism and immune response, for inter-organelle and inter-cellular signaling and in membrane repair. This review highlights the current knowledge of general lysosome function and discusses these findings in their implication for renal glomerular cell types in health and disease including the involvement of glomerular cells in lysosomal storage diseases and the role of lysosomes in nongenetic glomerular injuries.
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17
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Ishahak M, Hill J, Amin Q, Wubker L, Hernandez A, Mitrofanova A, Sloan A, Fornoni A, Agarwal A. Modular Microphysiological System for Modeling of Biologic Barrier Function. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:581163. [PMID: 33304889 PMCID: PMC7693638 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.581163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microphysiological systems, also known as organs-on-chips, are microfluidic devices designed to model human physiology in vitro. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the most widely used material for organs-on-chips due to established microfabrication methods, and properties that make it suitable for biological applications such as low cytotoxicity, optical transparency, gas permeability. However, absorption of small molecules and leaching of uncrosslinked oligomers might hinder the adoption of PDMS-based organs-on-chips for drug discovery assays. Here, we have engineered a modular, PDMS-free microphysiological system that is capable of recapitulating biologic barrier functions commonly demonstrated in PDMS-based devices. Our microphysiological system is comprised of a microfluidic chip to house cell cultures and pneumatic microfluidic pumps to drive flow with programmable pressure and shear stress. The modular architecture and programmable pumps enabled us to model multiple in vivo microenvironments. First, we demonstrate the ability to generate cyclic strain on the culture membrane and establish a model of the alveolar air-liquid interface. Next, we utilized three-dimensional finite element analysis modeling to characterize the fluid dynamics within the device and develop a model of the pressure-driven filtration that occurs at the glomerular filtration barrier. Finally, we demonstrate that our model can be used to recapitulate sphingolipid induced kidney injury. Together, our results demonstrate that a multifunctional and modular microphysiological system can be deployed without the use of PDMS. Further, the bio-inert plastic used in our microfluidic device is amenable to various established, high-throughput manufacturing techniques, such as injection molding. As a result, the development plastic organs-on-chips provides an avenue to meet the increasing demand for organ-on-chip technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ishahak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Jordan Hill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Quratulain Amin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Laura Wubker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Adiel Hernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Alexis Sloan
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Significance of urinary fatty acid-binding protein 4 level as a possible biomarker for the identification of minimal change disease in patents with nephrotic-range proteinuria. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:459. [PMID: 33143633 PMCID: PMC7640424 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), but not FABP1 (liver-type FABP), is ectopically induced in injured glomerular endothelial cells, and urinary FABP4 (U-FABP4) level is associated with proteinuria and renal dysfunction in a general population. Methods The clinical significance of U-FABP4 was investigated in 81 patients (male/female: 43/38, age: 57 ± 17 years) who underwent kidney biopsy. Results U-FABP4 was negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r = − 0.56, P < 0.01) and was positively correlated with age, blood pressure, triglycerides, proteinuria (r = 0.58, P < 0.01), plasma FABP4 and urinary FABP1 (U-FABP1) (r = 0.52, P < 0.01). Multivariable regression analysis showed that eGFR, proteinuria and U-FABP1 were independent predictors of U-FABP4. The level of U-FABP4, but not that of proteinuria, eGFR or U-FABP1, in minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) was significantly lower than the level in membranous nephropathy (MN) and that in diabetic nephropathy. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that U-FABP4 level ≤ 0.78 μg/gCr predicted MCNS in patients who had nephrotic-range proteinuria with a high level of accuracy. When divided by the median value of U-FABP4 at baseline in 33 of the 81 patients who could be followed up, the yearly change (post–pre) in eGFR in the low U-FABP4 group was significantly greater than that in the high U-FABP4 group (median: 11.0 vs. -5.0 mL/min/1.73m2/year). Conclusions U-FABP4 level is independently associated with proteinuria and renal dysfunction in patients with glomerular kidney disease. A low U-FABP4 level may predict MCNS in patients with nephrotic syndrome and would be a useful biomarker for differential diagnosis of MCNS and MN, which are common causes of nephrotic syndrome. Supplementary Information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12882-020-02122-y.
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Casalena GA, Yu L, Gil R, Rodriguez S, Sosa S, Janssen W, Azeloglu EU, Leventhal JS, Daehn IS. The diabetic microenvironment causes mitochondrial oxidative stress in glomerular endothelial cells and pathological crosstalk with podocytes. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:105. [PMID: 32641054 PMCID: PMC7341607 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the setting of diabetes mellitus, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are important pathogenic mechanisms causing end organ damage, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but mechanistic understanding at a cellular level remains obscure. In mouse models of DKD, glomerular endothelial cell (GEC) dysfunction precedes albuminuria and contributes to neighboring podocyte dysfunction, implicating GECs in breakdown of the glomerular filtration barrier. In the following studies we wished to explore the cellular mechanisms by which GECs become dysfunctional in the diabetic milieu, and the impact to neighboring podocytes. METHODS Mouse GECs were exposed to high glucose media (HG) or 2.5% v/v serum from diabetic mice or serum from non-diabetic controls, and evaluated for mitochondrial function (oxygen consumption), structure (electron microscopy), morphology (mitotracker), mitochondrial superoxide (mitoSOX), as well as accumulation of oxidized products (DNA lesion frequency (8-oxoG, endo-G), double strand breaks (γ-H2AX), endothelial function (NOS activity), autophagy (LC3) and apoptotic cell death (Annexin/PI; caspase 3). Supernatant transfer experiments from GECs to podocytes were performed to establish the effects on podocyte survival and transwell experiments were performed to determine the effects in co-culture. RESULTS Diabetic serum specifically causes mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial superoxide release in GECs. There is a rapid oxidation of mitochondrial DNA and loss of mitochondrial biogenesis without cell death. Many of these effects are blocked by mitoTEMPO a selective mitochondrial anti-oxidant. Secreted factors from dysfunctional GECs were sufficient to cause podocyte apoptosis in supernatant transfer experiments, or in co-culture but this did not occur when GECs had been previously treated with mitoTEMPO. CONCLUSION Dissecting the impact of the diabetic environment on individual cell-types from the kidney glomerulus indicates that GECs become dysfunctional and pathological to neighboring podocytes by increased levels of mitochondrial superoxide in GEC. These studies indicate that GEC-signaling to podocytes contributes to the loss of the glomerular filtration barrier in DKD. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella A Casalena
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1003, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Liping Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1003, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Roberto Gil
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1003, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Samuel Rodriguez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1003, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Shantel Sosa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1003, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - William Janssen
- Microscopy CoRE, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Evren U Azeloglu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1003, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jeremy S Leventhal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1003, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ilse S Daehn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1003, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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20
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Zou HH, Wang L, Zheng XX, Xu GS, Shen Y. Endothelial cells secreted endothelin-1 augments diabetic nephropathy via inducing extracellular matrix accumulation of mesangial cells in ETBR -/- mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:1804-1820. [PMID: 30926764 PMCID: PMC6461170 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin B receptor (ETBR) deficiency may contribute to the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in a streptozotocin (STZ) model, but the underlying mechanism is not fully revealed. In this study, STZ-diabetic ETBR-/- mice was characterized by increased serum creatinine and urinary albumin, enhanced glomerulosclerosis, and upregulated ET-1 expression compared with STZ-diabetic WT mice. In vitro, HG conditioned media (CM) of ETBR-/- GENs promoted mesangial cell proliferation and upregulated ECM-related proteins, and ET-1 knockout in GENs or inhibition of ET-1/ETAR in mesangial cell suppressed mesangial cell proliferation and collagen IV formation. In addition, ET-1 was over-expressed in ETBR-/- GENs and was regulated by NF-kapapB pathway. ET-1/ETBR suppressed NF-kappaB to modulate ET-1 in GENs. Furthermore, ET-1/ETAR promoted RhoA/ROCK pathway in mesangial cells, and accelerated mesangial cell proliferation and ECM accumulation. Finally, in vivo experiments proved inhibition of NF-kappaB pathway ameliorated DN in ETBR-/- mice. These results suggest that in HG-exposed ETBR-/- GENs, suppression of ET-1 binding to ETBR activated NF-kappaB pathway, thus to secrete large amount of ET-1. Due to the communication between GENs and mesangial cells in diabetes, ET-1 binding to ETAR in mesangial cell promoted RhoA/ROCK pathway, thus to accelerate mesangial cell proliferation and ECM accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hong Zou
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zheng
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Gao-Si Xu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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21
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Butt L, Unnersjö-Jess D, Höhne M, Edwards A, Binz-Lotter J, Reilly D, Hahnfeldt R, Ziegler V, Fremter K, Rinschen MM, Helmstädter M, Ebert LK, Castrop H, Hackl MJ, Walz G, Brinkkoetter PT, Liebau MC, Tory K, Hoyer PF, Beck BB, Brismar H, Blom H, Schermer B, Benzing T. A molecular mechanism explaining albuminuria in kidney disease. Nat Metab 2020; 2:461-474. [PMID: 32694662 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian kidneys constantly filter large amounts of liquid, with almost complete retention of albumin and other macromolecules in the plasma. Breakdown of the three-layered renal filtration barrier results in loss of albumin into urine (albuminuria) across the wall of small renal capillaries, and is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease. However, exactly how the renal filter works and why its permeability is altered in kidney diseases is poorly understood. Here we show that the permeability of the renal filter is modulated through compression of the capillary wall. We collect morphometric data prior to and after onset of albuminuria in a mouse model equivalent to a human genetic disease affecting the renal filtration barrier. Combining quantitative analyses with mathematical modelling, we demonstrate that morphological alterations of the glomerular filtration barrier lead to reduced compressive forces that counteract filtration pressure, thereby resulting in capillary dilatation, and ultimately albuminuria. Our results reveal distinct functions of the different layers of the filtration barrier and expand the molecular understanding of defective renal filtration in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Butt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Unnersjö-Jess
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Höhne
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aurelie Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Binz-Lotter
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dervla Reilly
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Hahnfeldt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vera Ziegler
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Fremter
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg,, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena K Ebert
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hayo Castrop
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias J Hackl
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg,, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul T Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max C Liebau
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kálmán Tory
- MTA-SE Lendület Nephrogenetic Laboratory, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter F Hoyer
- University Children's Hospital, Clinic for Pediatrics II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bodo B Beck
- Institute of Human Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Hans Blom
- Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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22
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Menon R, Otto EA, Hoover P, Eddy S, Mariani L, Godfrey B, Berthier CC, Eichinger F, Subramanian L, Harder J, Ju W, Nair V, Larkina M, Naik AS, Luo J, Jain S, Sealfon R, Troyanskaya O, Hacohen N, Hodgin JB, Kretzler M, Kpmp KPMP. Single cell transcriptomics identifies focal segmental glomerulosclerosis remission endothelial biomarker. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133267. [PMID: 32107344 PMCID: PMC7213795 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To define cellular mechanisms underlying kidney function and failure, the KPMP analyzes biopsy tissue in a multicenter research network to build cell-level process maps of the kidney. This study aimed to establish a single cell RNA sequencing strategy to use cell-level transcriptional profiles from kidney biopsies in KPMP to define molecular subtypes in glomerular diseases. Using multiple sources of adult human kidney reference tissue samples, 22,268 single cell profiles passed KPMP quality control parameters. Unbiased clustering resulted in 31 distinct cell clusters that were linked to kidney and immune cell types using specific cell markers. Focusing on endothelial cell phenotypes, in silico and in situ hybridization methods assigned 3 discrete endothelial cell clusters to distinct renal vascular beds. Transcripts defining glomerular endothelial cells (GEC) were evaluated in biopsies from patients with 10 different glomerular diseases in the NEPTUNE and European Renal cDNA Bank (ERCB) cohort studies. Highest GEC scores were observed in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Molecular endothelial signatures suggested 2 distinct FSGS patient subgroups with α-2 macroglobulin (A2M) as a key downstream mediator of the endothelial cell phenotype. Finally, glomerular A2M transcript levels associated with lower proteinuria remission rates, linking endothelial function with long-term outcome in FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Hoover
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sean Eddy
- Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenjun Ju
- Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Viji Nair
- Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sanjay Jain
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rachel Sealfon
- Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Targeting angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:289-303. [PMID: 32144398 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The kidney is permeated by a highly complex vascular system with glomerular and peritubular capillary networks that are essential for maintaining the normal functions of glomerular and tubular epithelial cells. The integrity of the renal vascular network depends on a balance of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, and disruption of this balance has been identified in various kidney diseases. Decreased levels of the predominant proangiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), can result in glomerular microangiopathy and contribute to the onset of preeclampsia, whereas upregulation of VEGFA has roles in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Other factors that regulate angiogenesis, such as angiopoietin 1 and vasohibin 1, have been shown to be protective in animal models of DKD and renal fibrosis. The renal lymphatic system is important for fluid homeostasis in the kidney, as well as the transport of immune cells and antigens. Experimental studies suggest that the lymphangiogenic factor VEGFC might have protective effects in PKD, DKD and renal fibrosis. Understanding the physiological and pathological roles of factors that regulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in the kidney has led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for kidney diseases.
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24
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Butler MJ, Down CJ, Foster RR, Satchell SC. The Pathological Relevance of Increased Endothelial Glycocalyx Permeability. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:742-751. [PMID: 32035881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx is a vital regulator of vascular permeability. Damage to this delicate layer can result in increased protein and water transit. The clinical importance of albuminuria as a predictor of kidney disease progression and vascular disease has driven research in this area. This review outlines how research to date has attempted to measure the contribution of the endothelial glycocalyx to vessel wall permeability. We discuss the evidence for the role of the endothelial glycocalyx in regulating permeability in discrete areas of the vasculature and highlight the inherent limitations of the data that have been produced to date. In particular, this review emphasizes the difficulties in interpreting urinary albumin levels in early disease models. In addition, the research that supports the view that glycocalyx damage is a key pathologic step in a diverse array of clinical conditions, including diabetic complications, sepsis, preeclampsia, and atherosclerosis, is summarized. Finally, novel methods are discussed, including an ex vivo glomerular permeability assay that enhances the understanding of permeability changes in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Butler
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Colin J Down
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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25
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Nephrotic syndrome in a dish: recent developments in modeling in vitro. Pediatr Nephrol 2020; 35:1363-1372. [PMID: 30820702 PMCID: PMC7316697 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-019-4203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is a heterogeneous disease, and one of the most frequent glomerular disorders among children. Depending on the etiology, it may result in end-stage renal disease and the need for renal replacement therapy. A dysfunctional glomerular filtration barrier, comprising of endothelial cells, the glomerular basement membrane and podocytes, characterizes nephrotic syndrome. Podocytes are often the primary target cells in the pathogenesis, in which not only the podocyte function but also their crosstalk with other glomerular cell types can be disturbed due to a myriad of factors. The pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome is highly complex and studying molecular mechanisms in vitro requires state-of-the-art cell-based models resembling the in vivo situation and preferably a fully functional glomerular filtration barrier. Current advances in stem cell biology and microfluidic platforms have heralded a new era of three-dimensional (3D) cultures that might have the potential to recapitulate the glomerular filtration barrier in vitro. Here, we highlight the molecular basis of nephrotic syndrome and discuss requirements to accurately study nephrotic syndrome in vitro, including an overview of specific podocyte markers, cutting-edge stem cell organoids, and the implementation of microfluidic platforms. The development of (patho) physiologically relevant glomerular models will accelerate the identification of molecular targets involved in nephrotic syndrome and may be the harbinger of a new era of therapeutic avenues.
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26
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Jha JC, Dai A, Holterman CE, Cooper ME, Touyz RM, Kennedy CR, Jandeleit-Dahm KAM. Endothelial or vascular smooth muscle cell-specific expression of human NOX5 exacerbates renal inflammation, fibrosis and albuminuria in the Akita mouse. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1712-1726. [PMID: 31222503 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a detrimental role in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Renal oxidative stress activates proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and profibrotic factors in DKD. Increased expression of the prooxidant enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) 5 in kidneys of diabetic individuals has been hypothesised to correlate with renal injury and progression of DKD. Since the gene encoding NOX5 is not expressed in the mouse genome, we examined the effect of inducible human NOX5 expression in renal cells, selectively in either endothelial cells or vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)/mesangial cells in a model of insulin-deficient diabetes, the Akita mouse. METHODS Renal structural injury, including glomerulosclerosis, mesangial expansion and extracellular matrix protein accumulation, as well as renal inflammation, ROS formation and albuminuria, were examined in the NOX5 transgenic Akita mouse model of DKD. RESULTS Expression of NOX5 in either endothelial cells or VSMCs/mesangial cells in diabetic Akita mice was associated with increased renal inflammation (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, NF-κB and toll-like receptor-4) and glomerulosclerosis, as well as upregulation of protein kinase C-α and increased expression of extracellular matrix genes (encoding collagen III, fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin) and proteins (collagen IV), most likely mediated via enhanced renal ROS production. The effect of VSMC/mesangial cell-specific NOX5 expression resulted in more pronounced renal fibrosis in comparison with endothelial cell-specific NOX5 expression in diabetic mice. In addition, albuminuria was significantly increased in diabetic VEcad+NOX5+ mice (1192 ± 194 μg/24 h) when compared with diabetic VEcad+NOX5- mice (770 ± 98 μg/24 h). Furthermore, the regulatory components of NOX5 activation, including heat shock protein 90 and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6, were upregulated only in the presence of both NOX5 and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The findings from this study highlight the importance of NOX5 in promoting diabetes-related renal injury and provide the rationale for the development of a selective NOX5 inhibitor for the prevention and/or treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay C Jha
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Level 5, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Aozhi Dai
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Level 5, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Chet E Holterman
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Level 5, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chris R Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Karin A M Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Level 5, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- German Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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27
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Aghajan M, Booten SL, Althage M, Hart CE, Ericsson A, Maxvall I, Ochaba J, Menschik-Lundin A, Hartleib J, Kuntz S, Gattis D, Ahlström C, Watt AT, Engelhardt JA, Monia BP, Magnone MC, Guo S. Antisense oligonucleotide treatment ameliorates IFN-γ-induced proteinuria in APOL1-transgenic mice. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126124. [PMID: 31217349 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
African Americans develop end-stage renal disease at a higher rate compared with European Americans due to 2 polymorphisms (G1 and G2 risk variants) in the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene common in people of African ancestry. Although this compelling genetic evidence provides an exciting opportunity for personalized medicine in chronic kidney disease, drug discovery efforts have been greatly hindered by the fact that APOL1 expression is lacking in rodents. Here, we describe a potentially novel physiologically relevant genomic mouse model of APOL1-associated renal disease that expresses human APOL1 from the endogenous human promoter, resulting in expression in similar tissues and at similar relative levels as humans. While naive APOL1-transgenic mice did not exhibit a renal disease phenotype, administration of IFN-γ was sufficient to robustly induce proteinuria only in APOL1 G1 mice, despite inducing kidney APOL1 expression in both G0 and G1 mice, serving as a clinically relevant "second hit." Treatment of APOL1 G1 mice with IONIS-APOL1Rx, an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting APOL1 mRNA, prior to IFN-γ challenge robustly and dose-dependently inhibited kidney and liver APOL1 expression and protected against IFN-γ-induced proteinuria, indicating that the disease-relevant cell types are sensitive to ASO treatment. Therefore, IONIS-APOL1Rx may be an effective therapeutic for APOL1 nephropathies and warrants further development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Magnus Althage
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Anette Ericsson
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingela Maxvall
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Angela Menschik-Lundin
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Judith Hartleib
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Steven Kuntz
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | | | - Christine Ahlström
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Maria Chiara Magnone
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shuling Guo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
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28
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Endothelin receptor-A mediates degradation of the glomerular endothelial surface layer via pathologic crosstalk between activated podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells. Kidney Int 2019; 96:957-970. [PMID: 31402170 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence of crosstalk between glomerular cells in pathological settings provides opportunities for novel therapeutic discovery. Here we investigated underlying mechanisms of early events leading to filtration barrier defects of podocyte and glomerular endothelial cell crosstalk in the mouse models of primary podocytopathy (podocyte specific transforming growth factor-β receptor 1 signaling activation) or Adriamycin nephropathy. We found that glomerular endothelial surface layer degradation and albuminuria preceded podocyte foot process effacement. These abnormalities were prevented by endothelin receptor-A antagonism and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species scavenging. Additional studies confirmed increased heparanase and hyaluronoglucosaminidase gene expression in glomerular endothelial cells in response to podocyte-released factors and to endothelin-1. Atomic force microscopy measurements showed a significant reduction in the endothelial surface layer by endothelin-1 and podocyte-released factors, which could be prevented by endothelin receptor-A but not endothelin receptor-B antagonism. Thus, our studies provide evidence of early crosstalk between activated podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells resulting in loss of endothelial surface layer, glomerular endothelial cell injury and albuminuria. Hence, activation of endothelin-1-endothelin receptor-A and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species contribute to the pathogenesis of primary podocytopathies in experimental focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
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29
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Protease-activated receptor 2 protects against VEGF inhibitor-induced glomerular endothelial and podocyte injury. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2986. [PMID: 30814628 PMCID: PMC6393426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors cause glomerular injury. We have recently shown that activation of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) by factor Xa exacerbated diabetic kidney disease. However, the role of PAR2 in glomerular injury induced by VEGF blockade is not known. Herein, we investigated the effect of the lack of PAR2 on VEGF inhibitor-induced glomerular injury. Although administering an anti-VEGF antibody by itself did not show renal phenotype in wild type mice, its administration to mice lacking endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) caused glomerular injury. Different from what we expected, administration of an anti-VEGF antibody in mice lacking PAR2 and eNOS exacerbated albuminuria and reduced the expression levels of CD31, pro-angiogenic VEGF, and angiogenesis-related chemokines in their kidneys. Podocyte injury was also evident in this model of mice lacking PAR2. Our results suggest that PAR2 is protective against VEGF inhibitor-induced glomerular endothelial and podocyte injury.
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30
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Takaki T, Ohno N, Saitoh S, Nagai M, Joh K. Podocyte penetration of the glomerular basement membrane to contact on the mesangial cell at the lesion of mesangial interposition in lupus nephritis: a three-dimensional analysis by serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. Clin Exp Nephrol 2019; 23:773-781. [PMID: 30734164 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-019-01701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction among the glomerular components plays an important role in the development of glomerular lesions; thus, investigation of the ultrastructural three-dimensional (3D) configuration of the human glomerular cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) is important for understanding the pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis, especially glomerulonephritis. METHODS We applied a new technique of serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM), which helps to acquire serial electron microscopic images to reconstruct a 3D ultrastructure, to a human kidney biopsy specimen obtained from a 25-year-old woman with lupus nephritis. RESULTS SBF-SEM demonstrated that the cytoplasmic processes of the podocyte penetrated into the lamina densa of the glomerular basement membrane, and was in direct contact with the cytoplasm of mesangial cells at the site of mesangial interposition. CONCLUSION Although this is a single-case observational study, SBF-SEM revealed a unique 3D configuration, suggesting a novel mechanism of direct intercellular cross-communication between podocytes and mesangial cells, aside from the presumed paracrine communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takaki
- Division of Electron microscopy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan. .,Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi-ken, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken, 329-0431, Japan.,Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myoudaiji-cho, Okazaki-shi, Aichi-ken, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Sei Saitoh
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki-shi, Aichi-ken, 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Anatomy II and Cell Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake-shi, Aichi-ken, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nagai
- Division of Nephrology, Narita Memorial Hospital, 134 Haneihonmachi, Toyohashi-shi, Aichi-ken, 441-8029, Japan
| | - Kensuke Joh
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi-ken, 980-8575, Japan
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31
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Kitamura M, Hisano S, Kurobe Y, Abe S, Ota Y, Sawayama Y, Uramatsu T, Obata Y, Fukuoka J, Miyazaki Y, Mukae H, Nishino T. Membranous Nephropathy with Crescent after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Intern Med 2019; 58:91-96. [PMID: 30146584 PMCID: PMC6367071 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1251-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A 44-year-old man who received allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after being diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia developed nephrosis when the dose of tacrolimus was tapered. A renal biopsy showed the granular deposition of immunoglobulin G in the glomerular basement membrane and subepithelial electron-dense deposits, crescent formation, C4d-positive staining of the peritubular capillary, and subendothelial swelling, suggesting that the main pathological diagnosis was membranous nephropathy and that chronic graft-versus-host disease played a role in the etiology of nephrosis. We herein report a case of membranous nephropathy with various pathological findings. C4d deposition suggests complement activation and the involvement of humoral factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineaki Kitamura
- Division of Blood Purification, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hisano
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Yuka Kurobe
- Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan
| | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuki Ota
- Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoko Obata
- Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan
| | - Junya Fukuoka
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nishino
- Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan
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32
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Caster DJ, Korte EA, Tan M, Barati MT, Tandon S, Creed TM, Salant DJ, Hata JL, Epstein PN, Huang H, Powell DW, McLeish KR. Neutrophil exocytosis induces podocyte cytoskeletal reorganization and proteinuria in experimental glomerulonephritis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F595-F606. [PMID: 29790391 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00039.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute glomerulonephritis is characterized by rapid glomerular neutrophil recruitment, proteinuria, and glomerular hypercellularity. The current study tested the hypothesis that the release of neutrophil granule contents plays a role in both the loss of filtration barrier leading to proteinuria and the increase in glomerular cells. Inhibition of neutrophil exocytosis with a peptide inhibitor prevented proteinuria and attenuated podocyte and endothelial cell injury but had no effect on glomerular hypercellularity in an experimental acute glomerulonephritis model in mice. Cultivation of podocytes with neutrophil granule contents disrupted cytoskeletal organization, an in vitro model for podocyte effacement and loss of filtration barrier. Activated, cultured podocytes released cytokines that stimulated neutrophil chemotaxis, primed respiratory burst activity, and stimulated neutrophil exocytosis. We conclude that crosstalk between podocytes and neutrophils contributes to disruption of the glomerular filtration barrier in acute glomerulonephritis. Neutrophil granule products induce podocyte injury but do not participate in the proliferative response of intrinsic glomerular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn J Caster
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky.,Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Erik A Korte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Min Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Michelle T Barati
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Shweta Tandon
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - T Michael Creed
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - David J Salant
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica L Hata
- Pathology Department, Norton Children's Hospital , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Paul N Epstein
- Pediatric Research Institute in the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Hui Huang
- Pediatric Research Institute in the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Genetics, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital , Nanchang , China
| | - David W Powell
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Kenneth R McLeish
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky.,Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Louisville, Kentucky
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33
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Masuda K, Tanabe K, Ujike H, Hinamoto N, Miyake H, Tanimura S, Sugiyama H, Sato Y, Maeshima Y, Wada J. Deletion of pro-angiogenic factor vasohibin-2 ameliorates glomerular alterations in a mouse diabetic nephropathy model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195779. [PMID: 29641565 PMCID: PMC5895058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis has been implicated in glomerular alterations in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy. We previously reported the renoprotective effects of vasohibin-1 (VASH1), which is a novel angiogenesis inhibitor derived from endothelial cells, on diabetic nephropathy progression. Vasohibin-2 (VASH2) was originally identified as a VASH1 homolog and possesses pro-angiogenic activity in contrast to VASH1. In addition, VASH2 was recently shown to promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via enhanced transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling in cancer cells. Herein, we investigated the pathogenic roles of VASH2 in diabetic nephropathy using VAHS2-deficient mice. The type 1 diabetes model was induced by intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin in VASH2 homozygous knockout (VASH2LacZ/LacZ) or wild-type mice. These mice were euthanized 16 weeks after inducing hyperglycemia. Increased urine albumin excretion and creatinine clearance observed in diabetic wild-type mice were significantly prevented in diabetic VASH2-deficient mice. Accordingly, diabetes-induced increase in glomerular volume and reduction in glomerular slit-diaphragm density were significantly improved in VASH2 knockout mice. Increased glomerular endothelial area was also suppressed in VASH2-deficient mice, in association with inhibition of enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 (VEGFR2), but not VEGF level. Furthermore, glomerular accumulation of mesangial matrix, including type IV collagen, and increased expression of TGF-β were improved in diabetic VASH2 knockout mice compared with diabetic wild-type mice. Based on the immunofluorescence findings, endogenous VASH2 localization in glomeruli was consistent with mesangial cells. Human mesangial cells (HMCs) were cultured under high glucose condition in in vitro experiments. Transfection of VASH2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) into the HMCs resulted in the suppression of type IV collagen production induced by high glucose compared with control siRNA. These results indicate that VASH2 may be involved in diabetes-induced glomerular alterations, particularly impaired filtration barrier and mesangial expansion. Therefore, VASH2 is likely to represent a promising therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenic Proteins/physiology
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/prevention & control
- Humans
- Male
- Mesangial Cells/metabolism
- Mesangial Cells/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/etiology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Sequence Deletion
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Masuda
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Tanabe
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Haruyo Ujike
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Norikazu Hinamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Miyake
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanimura
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Human Resource Development of Dialysis Therapy for Kidney Disease, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Sato
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yohei Maeshima
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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34
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Daehn IS. Glomerular Endothelial Cell Stress and Cross-Talk With Podocytes in Early [corrected] Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:76. [PMID: 29629372 PMCID: PMC5876248 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients and also the leading single cause of end-stage renal disease in the United States. A large proportion of diabetic patients develop DKD and others don't, even with comparable blood glucose levels, indicating a significant genetic component of disease susceptibility. The glomerulus is the primary site of diabetic injury in the kidney, glomerular hypertrophy and podocyte depletion are glomerular hallmarks of progressive DKD, and the degree of podocyte loss correlates with severity of the disease. We know that chronic hyperglycemia contributes to both microvascular and macrovascular complications, as well as podocyte injury. We are beginning to understand the role of glomerular endothelial injury, as well as the involvement of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial stress, which play a direct role in DKD and in other diabetic complications. There is, however, a gap in our knowledge that links genetic susceptibility to early molecular mechanisms and proteinuria in DKD. Emerging research that explores glomerular cell's specific responses to diabetes and cell cross-talk will provide mechanistic clues that underlie DKD and provide novel avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Sofia Daehn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
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35
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Amniotic fluid stem cell-derived vesicles protect from VEGF-induced endothelial damage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16875. [PMID: 29203902 PMCID: PMC5715019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Injection of amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC) delays the course of progression of renal fibrosis in animals with Alport Syndrome, enhancing kidney function and improving survival. The mechanisms responsible for these protective outcomes are still largely unknown. Here, we showed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling within the glomeruli of Alport mice is strongly elevated early on in the disease, causing glomerular endothelial cell damage. Intraventricular injected AFSC that homed within the glomeruli showed strong modulation of the VEGF activity, particularly in glomerular endothelial cells. To investigate this phenomenon we hypothesized that extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by the AFSC could be responsible for the observed renoprotection. AFSC derived EVs presented exosomal and stem cell markers on their surface membrane, including VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. EVs were able to modulate VEGF in glomerular endothelial cells by effectively trapping the excess VEGF through VEGFR1-binding preventing cellular damage. In contrast, VEGFR1/sVEGFR1 knockout EVs failed to show similar protection, thus indicating that VEGF trapping is a potentially viable mechanism for AFSC-EV mediated renoprotection. Taken together, our findings establish that EVs secreted by AFSC could target a specific signaling pathway within the glomerulus, thus representing a new potential glomerulus-specific targeted intervention.
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36
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Eirin A, Saad A, Woollard JR, Juncos LA, Calhoun DA, Tang H, Lerman A, Textor SC, Lerman LO. Glomerular Hyperfiltration in Obese African American Hypertensive Patients Is Associated With Elevated Urinary Mitochondrial-DNA Copy Number. Am J Hypertens 2017. [PMID: 28641368 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glomerular hyperfiltration may contribute to the high incidence of renal disease in Obese African Americans essential hypertensive (ObAAEH) patients, but the precise mechanisms responsible for renal injury have not been elucidated. Mitochondria are important determinants of renal injury in hypertension, and increased levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the urine may indicate renal mitochondrial injury. We hypothesized that urine mtDNA copy numbers would be higher in ObAAEH compared to Caucasian essential hypertensive (CEH) patients. METHODS We prospectively measured systemic, renal vein (RV), inferior vena cava (IVC), and urinary copy number of the mtDNA genes COX3 and ND1 by quantitative-PCR in CEH and ObAAEH patients during constant sodium intake and antihypertensive regimens, and compared them with healthy volunteers (HV) (n = 23 each). RESULTS Blood pressure was similarly elevated in CEH and ObAAEH, while glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was higher and age lower in ObAAEH. Urinary (but not plasma) COX3 and ND1 were higher in CEH compared to HV, and further elevated in ObAAEH patients. COX3 and ND1 renal gradients (RV-IVC) were higher in ObAAEH vs. CEH, and their urinary levels directly correlated with GFR. In multivariate analysis, GFR remained the only predictor of elevated urinary COX3 and ND1 levels. CONCLUSIONS Urinary fragments of the mitochondrial genome are elevated in ObAAEH patients and correlate with glomerular hyperfiltration. A positive gradient across the kidney in ObAAEH suggests selective renal release. These results are consistent with mitochondrial injury that may aggravate renal damage and accelerate hypertension-related morbidity/mortality rates in ObAAEH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Eirin
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ahmed Saad
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - John R Woollard
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Luis A Juncos
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - David A Calhoun
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen C Textor
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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37
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Kato T, Mizuno S. Nephron, Wilms' tumor-1 (WT1), and synaptopodin expression in developing podocytes of mice. Exp Anim 2017; 66:183-189. [PMID: 28179596 PMCID: PMC5543238 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.16-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Newborn mouse glomeruli are still immature with a morphological feature of an early
capillary loop stage, but infant mice do not manifest proteinuria. Little is known about
the molecular mechanism whereby infant mice are resistant to proteinuria. Nephrin and
synaptopodin are crucial for slit diaphragm and foot process (FP) formation for avoiding
proteinuria. Nephrin tyrosine phosphorylation means a transient biological signaling
required for FP repair or extension during nephrotic disease. Using an immunohistochemical
technique, we examined the natural course of nephrin, Wilms’ tumor-1 (WT1) and
synaptopodin at 16.5 days of embryonic age (E16.5d) and E19.5d, 7 days of post-neonatal
age (P7d) and P42d during renal development of mice. As a result, nephrin and synaptopodin
were detected at E19.5d in S-shaped bodies. WT1, a transcriptional factor for nephrin, was
detected in nucleus in podocyte-like cells in all stages. Nephrin tyrosine phosphorylation
was evident in glomeruli at P7d, and this was associated with an early-stage of FP
extension. Inversely, nephrin phosphorylation became faint at P42d, along with maturated
FP. Based on the present results, we suggest the sequential molecular mechanism to protect
growing mice from proteinuria: (i) WT1-induced nephrin production by podocytes in S-shaped
bodies at E19.5d; (ii) Synchronized induction of synaptopodin at the same period; and
(iii) FP extension is initiated at a milk-suckling stage under a nephrin
tyrosine-phosphorylated condition, while it is arrested at an adult stage, associated with
a loss of nephrin-based signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Shinya Mizuno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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38
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Oxburgh L, Carroll TJ, Cleaver O, Gossett DR, Hoshizaki DK, Hubbell JA, Humphreys BD, Jain S, Jensen J, Kaplan DL, Kesselman C, Ketchum CJ, Little MH, McMahon AP, Shankland SJ, Spence JR, Valerius MT, Wertheim JA, Wessely O, Zheng Y, Drummond IA. (Re)Building a Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:1370-1378. [PMID: 28096308 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(Re)Building a Kidney is a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases-led consortium to optimize approaches for the isolation, expansion, and differentiation of appropriate kidney cell types and the integration of these cells into complex structures that replicate human kidney function. The ultimate goals of the consortium are two-fold: to develop and implement strategies for in vitro engineering of replacement kidney tissue, and to devise strategies to stimulate regeneration of nephrons in situ to restore failing kidney function. Projects within the consortium will answer fundamental questions regarding human gene expression in the developing kidney, essential signaling crosstalk between distinct cell types of the developing kidney, how to derive the many cell types of the kidney through directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells, which bioengineering or scaffolding strategies have the most potential for kidney tissue formation, and basic parameters of the regenerative response to injury. As these projects progress, the consortium will incorporate systematic investigations in physiologic function of in vitro and in vivo differentiated kidney tissue, strategies for engraftment in experimental animals, and development of therapeutic approaches to activate innate reparative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Oxburgh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine;
| | - Thomas J Carroll
- Department of Molecular Biology and.,Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology and.,Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Daniel R Gossett
- Division of Kidney, Urologic, & Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deborah K Hoshizaki
- Division of Kidney, Urologic, & Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jan Jensen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and.,Trailhead Biosystems, Inc, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Carl Kesselman
- Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering and Information Sciences Institute, Viterbi School of Engineering and.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christian J Ketchum
- Division of Kidney, Urologic, & Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melissa H Little
- Cell Biology Theme, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - M Todd Valerius
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason A Wertheim
- Department of Surgery, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, and.,Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Iain A Drummond
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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39
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Wu XM, Gao YB, Cui FQ, Zhang N. Exosomes from high glucose-treated glomerular endothelial cells activate mesangial cells to promote renal fibrosis. Biol Open 2016; 5:484-91. [PMID: 27010029 PMCID: PMC4890664 DOI: 10.1242/bio.015990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) is an essential aspect of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Therefore, understanding how GECs communicate with GMCs in the diabetic environment is crucial for the development of new targets for the prevention and treatment of DN. Exosomes, nanometer-sized extracellular membrane vesicles secreted by various cell types, play important roles in cell-to-cell communication via the transfer of mRNA, microRNA and protein. In this study, we demonstrate that high glucose (HG)-treated GECs secrete a higher number of exosomes highly enriched in TGF-β1 mRNA compared with normal glucose (NG)-treated GECs. Exosomes released by HG-treated GECs can promote α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, proliferation and extracellular matrix protein overproduction in GMCs through the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Thus, we provide new insights into the pathogenesis of DN that involves intercellular transfer of TGF-β1 mRNA in the GEC-to-GMC direction via exosomes. Summary: In this study, we demonstrate that TGF-β1-containing exosomes from high glucose-treated glomerular endothelial cells can activate glomerular mesangial cells to promote renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Wu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10, Youanmenwai, Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan-Bin Gao
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10, Youanmenwai, Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fang-Qiang Cui
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10, Youanmenwai, Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10, Youanmenwai, Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
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