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Mkandawire-Valhmu L, Callari-Robinson J, Schadewald D, Abusbaitan H, Pirsch A, Luebke J, Marquardt L, Schubert E, Kibicho J, Lopez A, Gondwe K, Rice E, Bement K, Morgan M, McClain R, Kako P, Raghe F, Hunter CF, Ayad C, Dressel A. A protocol for the safe recruitment of Indigenous and Black women experiencing intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic into a large mixed methods study: The Sisters by Choice Study. Glob Public Health 2024; 19:2290122. [PMID: 38158725 PMCID: PMC10764067 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2023.2290122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex and pervasive public health problem disproportionately affecting Indigenous and Black women. During the COVID-19 pandemic, IPV became more complicated for advocates because social distancing, quarantine, and isolation measures further endangered women experiencing IPV. This manuscript is based on an ongoing community-engaged study in an upper Midwestern state. Our primary goal for this study is to generate urgently needed knowledge on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indigenous and Black women's help-seeking behaviours following IPV by systematically documenting barriers women faced during the pandemic. Engaging women in a large study that seeks to garner information about their experiences of violence is complex and challenging and requires significant planning, especially for ensuring participants' safety. In this write-up, we detail the safety planning protocol developed for the purposes of recruiting and engaging women in rural and urban areas in an upper Midwestern state in the United States. Our goal is to provide scholars conducting research in the area of violence with practical considerations for safely conducting a study of this nature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Rice
- Lac Courte Oreilles Women’s Shelter Director & Tribal Governments TTA Coordinator at Red Wind Consulting, Inc
| | | | | | | | | | - Faria Raghe
- Advocate FRB Interpreter and Translation Services
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2
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Merrill KG, Mwansa JK, Miti S, Burke VM, Abrams EA, Frimpong C, Decker MR, Campbell JC, Denison JA. Experiences with a violence and mental health safety protocol for a randomized controlled trial to support youth living with HIV. Glob Health Res Policy 2021; 6:40. [PMID: 34654487 PMCID: PMC8518229 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-021-00224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safety protocols are an essential component of studies addressing violence and mental health but are rarely described in the published literature from Sub-Saharan Africa. We designed and implemented a safety protocol within Project YES! (Youth Engaging for Success), which enrolled 276 youth living with HIV (ages 15-24 years) in a randomized controlled trial of a peer-mentoring intervention across four HIV clinics in Ndola, Zambia. METHODS Youth who reported severe violence and/or suicidal thoughts on research surveys or during meetings with youth peer mentors (YPM) were referred to designated healthcare providers (HCP). We explored experiences with the safety protocol using: a) monitoring data of referrals, and b) in-depth interviews with youth (n = 82), HCP (n = 10), YPM (n = 8), and staff (n = 6). Descriptive statistics were generated and thematic analysis of coded transcripts and written memos performed. RESULTS Nearly half of youth enrolled (48% of females, 41% of males) were referred to a HCP at least once. The first referral was most often for sexual violence (35%) and/or suicidal ideation/depression (29%). All referred youth aged 15-17 years and over 80% of referred youth aged 18 + agreed to see a HCP. HCP referred 15% for additional services outside the clinic. Twenty-nine youth, all HCP, all YPM, and all staff interviewed discussed the safety protocol. Most youth felt "encouraged," "helped," "unburdened," and "relieved" by their meetings with HCP; some expressed concerns about meeting with HCP. The safety protocol helped HCP recognize the need to integrate care for violence and mental health with medication adherence support. HCP, YPM, and study staff raised implementation challenges, including youth choosing not to open up to HCP, time and resource constraints, deficiencies in HCP training, and stigma and cultural norms inhibiting referrals outside the clinic for emotional trauma and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Implementing a safety protocol within an HIV clinic-based research study is possible and beneficial for youth and HCP alike. Implementation challenges underscore that HCP in Zambia work in over-stretched healthcare systems. Innovative strategies must address deficiencies in training and resources within HIV clinics and gaps in coordination across services to meet the overwhelming need for violence and mental health services among youth living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Merrill
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | - Sam Miti
- Arthur Davison Children's Hospital, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Virginia M Burke
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Abrams
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Michele R Decker
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacquelyn C Campbell
- Department of Community-Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julie A Denison
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Seff I, Vahedi L, McNelly S, Kormawa E, Stark L. Remote evaluations of violence against women and girls interventions: a rapid scoping review of tools, ethics and safety. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e006780. [PMID: 34489330 PMCID: PMC8422319 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although programmes and policies targeting violence against women and girls (VAWG) have increased in the past decade, there is a paucity of evidence on the effectiveness of these interventions. To expand this evidence base, researchers increasingly employ remote data collection (RDC)-including online surveys, mobile applications and telephone interviews-in their evaluations. Although RDC allows for evaluations without in-person interactions-which are restricted during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic- information about these methods is necessary to understand their potential usefulness and limitations. This scoping review examines remote evaluations of VAWG interventions to describe the landscape of RDC methods, reflect on safety and ethical considerations, and offer best practices for RDC in VAWG research. Fourteen studies met eligibility criteria, with seven, five, and two studies employing telephone interviews, online surveys, and mobile applications, respectively. Studies commonly stated that participants were asked to use a safe email or device, but the method for verifying such safety was rarely specified. Best practices around safety included creating a 'quick escape' button for online data collection to use when another individual was present, explaining to participants how to erase browsing history and application purchases, and asking participants to specify a safe time for researchers to call. Only eight studies established referral pathways for respondents as per best practice. None of the eligible studies took place in low/middle-income countries (LMICs) or humanitarian settings, likely reflecting the additional challenges to using RDC methods in lower resource settings. Findings were used to create a best practice checklist for programme evaluators and Institutional Review Boards using RDC for VAWG interventions. The authors found that opportunities exist for researchers to safely and effectively use RDC methodologies to gather VAWG data, but that further study is needed to gauge the feasibility of these methods in LMICs and humanitarian settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Seff
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Luissa Vahedi
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Samantha McNelly
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Lindsay Stark
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Hawk M, Pelcher L, Coulter RWS, Henderson E, Egan JE, Miller E, Chugani C. Developing Suicide Safety Protocols for Qualitative Research as a Universal Equity Practice. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:1951-1958. [PMID: 33980101 DOI: 10.1177/10497323211012997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Qualitative research offers a range of approaches to elucidate the health and social experiences of populations and communities that are historically oppressed and repressed, yet is not without ethical and practical challenges that may have unintended consequences and added risks for certain individuals and communities. As a result of experiences of trauma and environmental factors, many oppressed and repressed populations have disproportionately high rates of suicide, but there are no widely accepted standards or best practices for addressing suicidality while conducting qualitative research. We describe an example of a qualitative interview during which a participant reported thoughts of suicide, even though the study topic was not directly related to mental health or suicide. We describe how the research team responded and present a framework for developing suicide safety protocols when conducing qualitative research with oppressed and repressed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Hawk
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lindsay Pelcher
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert W S Coulter
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emmett Henderson
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James E Egan
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carla Chugani
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Herbell KS, Breitenstein SM. Parenting a Child in Residential Treatment: Mother's Perceptions of Programming Needs. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2021; 42:639-648. [PMID: 33108233 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2020.1836536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences and perspectives of mothers with children in residential treatment (RT) regarding parenting, discharge planning, and home-based safety. One-hour interviews were conducted over the phone with 15 mothers. Transcripts were analyzed using a content analysis approach. Three themes were generated including parenting a child in RT, unprepared for discharge, and crisis intervention in the home. This study contributes insight into the lives of an underserved population with implications to inform future research interventions and clinical guidelines to address the needs of families with children in RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla S Herbell
- Martha S. Pitzer Center for Women, Children, and Youth, The Ohio State University College of Nursing, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan M Breitenstein
- Martha S. Pitzer Center for Women, Children, and Youth, The Ohio State University College of Nursing, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Stevens K, Thambinathan V, Hollenberg E, Inglis F, Johnson A, Levinson A, Salman S, Cardinale L, Lo B, Shi J, Wiljer D, Korczak DJ, Cleverley K. Core components and strategies for suicide and risk management protocols in mental health research: a scoping review. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:13. [PMID: 33413192 PMCID: PMC7792084 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-03005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide and risk management protocols in mental health research aim to ensure patient safety, provide vital information on how to assess suicidal ideation, manage risk, and respond to unexpected and expected situations. However, there is a lack of literature that identifies specific components and strategies to include in suicide and risk management protocols (SRMPs) for mental health research. The goal of this scoping review was to review academic and grey literature to determine core components and associated strategies, which can be used to inform SRMPs in mental health research. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The methodological framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley was used for this scoping review. The search strategy, conducted by a medical librarian, was multidisciplinary and included seven databases. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility criteria in each document and used a standardized charting form to extract relevant data. The extracted data were then examined using qualitative content analysis. Specifically, summative content analysis was used to identify the core components and strategies used in SRMPs. The data synthesis process was iterative. RESULTS This review included 36 documents, specifically 22 peer-reviewed articles and 14 documents from the grey literature. Five core components of SRMPs emerged from the reviewed literature including: training; educational resources for research staff; educational resources for research participants; risk assessment and management strategies; and clinical and research oversight. Potentials strategies for risk mitigation within each of the core components are outlined. CONCLUSIONS The five core components and associated strategies for inclusion in SRMPs will assist mental health researchers in conducting research safely and rigorously. Findings can inform the development of SRMPs and how to tailor them across various research contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katye Stevens
- The Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivetha Thambinathan
- The Western Centre for Public Health and Family Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elisa Hollenberg
- Office of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fiona Inglis
- Library Services, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Humber Libraries, Humber College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Johnson
- Office of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Soha Salman
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leah Cardinale
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Lo
- Office of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Information Management Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenny Shi
- Office of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Wiljer
- Office of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Excellence in Economic Analysis Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Education, Technology and Innovation, UHN Digital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daphne J Korczak
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristin Cleverley
- The Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Njie-Carr VPS, Sabri B, Messing JT, Suarez C, Ward-Lasher A, Wachter K, Marea CX, Campbell J. Understanding Intimate Partner Violence among Immigrant and Refugee Women: A Grounded Theory Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGGRESSION, MALTREATMENT & TRAUMA 2020; 30:792-810. [PMID: 34483645 PMCID: PMC8412032 DOI: 10.1080/10926771.2020.1796870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Immigrant and refugee women may experience considerable multifaceted and interrelated barriers that place them at heightened risk for intimate partner violence (IPV). The objective of this analysis was to increase our understanding of immigrant and refugee women's responses to abuse. We conducted in-depth interviews with 84 women who immigrated from Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Engendering Resilience to Survive emerged as the core category explaining women's strength to stay safe and survive IPV experiences. In the face of the violence they experienced, women in this sample demonstrated remarkable resilience and the ability to harness their strength to survive. Resilience as a process and outcome could facilitate empowerment, and self-directedness to access health services and resources to stay safe. The developed Engendering Resilience to Survive Model can be utilized as a framework to inform research, policy, and practice to support abused women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica P S Njie-Carr
- Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bushra Sabri
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jill T Messing
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Cecelia Suarez
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD
| | | | - Karin Wachter
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
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Overstreet NM, Cheeseborough T. Examining the Effect of Internalized HIV-Related Stigma on Perceptions of Research Participation among HIV-Positive African American Women. TRANSLATIONAL ISSUES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:223-234. [PMID: 34761075 PMCID: PMC8577417 DOI: 10.1037/tps0000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
HIV-related stigma may influence ethical concerns in health disparity populations, particularly groups with histories of race, gender, and class oppression in medical research such as African American women. However, a dearth of research has examined how HIV-related stigma influences perceptions of the research process among African American women who participate in health research. The goal of the current study was to examine whether HIV-related stigma experienced on the micro-level, specifically internalized HIV-related stigma, is associated with reactions to research participation in 5 domains: attitudes toward participation, perceptions of research benefits, emotional reactions, perceived drawbacks of the research, and global evaluations of the research. We also examine whether internalized HIV-related stigma is associated with difficulty in answering questions related to sensitive topics. We found that women with higher levels of internalized HIV-related stigma reported more emotional reactions to research, perceived more drawbacks of the research, and expressed more difficulty in answering sensitive questions. Understanding how HIV-related stigma influences perceived risks and benefits of research participation may play an important role in guiding best practices for ethical engagement with HIV-positive African American women who participate in health research.
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Li Q, Liu H, Chou KR, Lin CC, Van IK, Davidson PM, Campbell JC. Nursing research on intimate partner violence in China: A scoping review. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2020; 2:100017. [PMID: 34327373 PMCID: PMC8315422 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2020.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue, and nurses have the potential to screen, navigate to interventions, and provide support, but responses to IPV differ greatly in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. We conducted a scoping review to examine the nursing literature on IPV in the above four regions in China. We conducted a comprehensive search of 11 Chinese and English databases from database inception to January 31, 2020, for eligible papers including empirical studies, reviews, reports, and expert opinion articles. We hand searched references lists and other studies published by the first and corresponding authors of included articles. Two reviewers independently screened articles and extracted data, and three reviewers cross-checked the extracted results. We also conducted quality appraisal for applicable empirical studies. A total of 58 Chinese-language and 63 English-language articles were included, 58 from Taiwan, 44 from Hong Kong, 13 from mainland China, and six from institutions outside China, but none from Macao. The quantitative and qualitative studies described the prevalence and complex nature of IPV, comparable to non-nursing and international studies. Nurse-led advocacy and Qigong (traditional Chinese mind-body health practice) interventions showed promise for improving mental health in women in Hong Kong. There was a low level of knowledge and preparedness to respond to IPV among Chinese nurses, especially in mainland China. Mixed methods studies in Hong Kong and Taiwan as complex designs were generally well-conducted. Nursing case reports from Taiwan uniquely supplemented the evidence base. In Hong Kong and Taiwan, varying designs were used to study various facets of IPV, targeting victims, nurses and other key stakeholders. In mainland China and Macao, IPV research was limited in quantity, quality, and diversity. As more research in the area of IPV is needed, factors influencing nursing research on IPV also merit investigation, while taking into consideration socio-economic-political-cultural factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanlei Li
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Huaping Liu
- School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, No. 33, Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, China
| | - Kuei-Ru Chou
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chin Lin
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 4/F, William M.W. Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Iat-Kio Van
- Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Est. Repouso No. 35, R/C, Macao SAR, China
| | - Patricia M. Davidson
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacquelyn C. Campbell
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hardesty JL, Haselschwerdt ML, Crossman KA. Qualitative Research on Interpersonal Violence: Guidance for Early Career Scholars. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2019; 34:4794-4816. [PMID: 31514605 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519871532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to offer early career violence scholars guidance on critical aspects of qualitative research, including methodological integrity and research procedures. Throughout this article, we center our discussion on issues of methodological fit, flexibility, safety, and ethics. We overview paradigmatic frameworks that guide methodological decisions and discuss reasons why researchers might choose to use qualitative methods. We then address decisions around recruitment, sampling, and saturation as well as predata collection preparations for conducting interview-based studies. Participant and research team safety and ethics are emphasized, as these issues should be at the core of all decisions in interpersonal violence research. Along with examples from the field of interpersonal violence, we provide references to relevant resources on paradigmatic frameworks, specific qualitative research approaches, and safety and ethics. Throughout, we draw from our lessons learned as qualitative researchers, teachers, and mentors who study intimate partner violence and young adult children exposed to marital violence.
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Overstreet NM, Okuyan M, Fisher CB. Perceived Risks and Benefits in IPV and HIV Research: Listening to the Voices of HIV-Positive African American Women. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2018; 13:511-524. [PMID: 30183457 DOI: 10.1177/1556264618797557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
African American women living with HIV were asked to reflect on the perceived risks and benefits of research participation after completing a study examining socially sensitive issues in their lives, including intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV. Administration of standardized quantitative instruments yielded positive responses to the research experience. However, qualitative assessments of perceived risks and benefits revealed more nuanced responses. For example, confidentiality concerns were more prominent in open-ended responses as was participants' positive attitudes toward monetary compensation. In addition, some women reported that study participation provided them with new insights about their experiences with IPV. Findings suggest that empirical studies on research protections involving potentially distressing and socially sensitive experiences with vulnerable populations require both quantitative and qualitative assessments of perceived risks and benefits. We discuss implications of our findings for ethics practices in trauma-related research among populations with multiple social vulnerabilities.
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