1
|
Chaiwiang N, Koo-akarakul J. Digital Challenges: Investigating Computer Vision Syndrome in Thai Esports Through a Case-Control Approach. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2024; 16:201-210. [PMID: 39100733 PMCID: PMC11296357 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s460868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the factors associated with eyestrain in esports athletes in Bangkok compared with controls. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between April and June 2023, involving 160 male participants (aged 20-35 years) who used digital devices, consisting of esports athletes and a control group. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q), and Depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21). Ophthalmic instruments were used for the eye examinations by an optometrist. Results Seventy-six esports athletes showed significantly lower visual performance than controls in logMAR visual acuity (p < 0.020), phoria (p < 0.001), negative fusional vergence (blur, break, and recovery) (p < 0.012, p < 0.004 and p < 0.039), positive fusional vergence (blur, break, and recovery) (p < 0.005, p < 0.001 and p < 0.005), monocular estimation method (p < 0.001), monocular and binocular accommodative facility (p < 0.001), and vergence facility (p < 0.001). A study on risk factors for CVS found that esports athletes were significantly more likely to have CVS (p < 0.001). Work environments with high-intensity lighting significantly increase the risk of CVS compared to low-intensity lighting (p < 0.001). The use of a digital device for >4 h/day, having a history of alcohol consumption, and stress significantly increased the risk of CVS (p < 0.001, p < 0.023, p < 0.048). Conclusion This study found that esports athletes experienced vision health problems, indicating the need to prevent eyestrain caused by the use of digital devices.
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng J, Niu H, Zhu S, Xiang W, Li X, Deng Y, Xu X, Yang W, Chung MC. Famine exposure in early life increases risk of cataracts in elderly stage. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1395205. [PMID: 38966422 PMCID: PMC11222645 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1395205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have shown that early-life nutritional deficiencies are associated with an increased risk of diseases later in life. This study aimed to explore the correlation between famine exposure during the early stages of life and cataracts. Methods We included 5,931 participants from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) 2018 cross-sectional data in our study. Subjects were categorized into three groups by their age during the famine: adulthood group, school age famine exposure group, and teenage famine exposure group. Utilizing binary logistic regression models, we investigated the relationship between early-life famine exposure and cataracts. Results Compared to the adulthood group, both the school age exposure group (OR = 2.49, 95%CI = 1.89-3.27) and teenage exposure group (OR = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.20-1.76) had a heightened risk of developing cataracts in elderly stage. And the sex differences in the impact of famine during early years on elderly cataract risk were observed, particularly indicating a higher risk among women who experienced childhood famine compared to men with similar exposure. Conclusion Famine exposure during the early stages of life is associated with a heightened risk of developing cataracts in old age. To prevent cataracts in elderly individuals, particularly in females, measures should be taken to address nutritional deficiencies in these specific periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hui Niu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sijing Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wanwan Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Human Resources Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Division of Nutrition Epidemiology and Data Science, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Böhm EW, Buonfiglio F, Voigt AM, Bachmann P, Safi T, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Oxidative stress in the eye and its role in the pathophysiology of ocular diseases. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102967. [PMID: 38006824 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs through an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense mechanisms of cells. The eye is particularly exposed to oxidative stress because of its permanent exposure to light and due to several structures having high metabolic activities. The anterior part of the eye is highly exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and possesses a complex antioxidant defense system to protect the retina from UV radiation. The posterior part of the eye exhibits high metabolic rates and oxygen consumption leading subsequently to a high production rate of ROS. Furthermore, inflammation, aging, genetic factors, and environmental pollution, are all elements promoting ROS generation and impairing antioxidant defense mechanisms and thereby representing risk factors leading to oxidative stress. An abnormal redox status was shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of various ocular diseases in the anterior and posterior segment of the eye. In this review, we aim to summarize the mechanisms of oxidative stress in ocular diseases to provide an updated understanding on the pathogenesis of common diseases affecting the ocular surface, the lens, the retina, and the optic nerve. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing oxidative stress in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Wilma Böhm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Voigt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Bachmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tarek Safi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kanclerz P, Hecht I, Tuuminen R. Is Occasional Alcohol Drinking and Smoking Related to the Development of Age-Related Cataract? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:8. [PMID: 37792333 PMCID: PMC10565702 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kanclerz
- Helsinki Retina Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Hygeia Clinic, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Idan Hecht
- Helsinki Retina Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raimo Tuuminen
- Helsinki Retina Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Kotka, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiang C, Melles RB, Sangani P, Hoffmann TJ, Hysi PG, Glymour MM, Jorgenson E, Lachke SA, Choquet H. Association of Behavioral and Clinical Risk Factors With Cataract: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:19. [PMID: 37459064 PMCID: PMC10362921 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.10.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the association of genetically determined primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), myopic refractive error (RE), type 2 diabetes (T2D), blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption with the risk of age-related cataract. Methods To assess potential causal effects of clinical or behavioral factors on cataract risk, we conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses. Genetic instruments, based on common genetic variants associated with risk factors at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8), were derived from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS). For age-related cataract, we used GWAS summary statistics from our previous GWAS conducted in the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort (28,092 cataract cases and 50,487 controls; all non-Hispanic whites) or in the UK Biobank (31,852 cataract cases and 428,084 controls; all European-descent individuals). We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as our primary source of Mendelian randomization estimates and conducted common sensitivity analyses. Results We found that genetically determined POAG and mean spherical equivalent RE were significantly associated with cataract risk (IVW model: odds ratio [OR] = 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.08; P = 0.018; per diopter more hyperopic: OR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.93; P = 6.51 × 10-13, respectively). In contrast, genetically determined T2D, BP, BMI, cigarette smoking, or alcohol consumption were not associated with cataract risk (P > 0.05). Conclusions Our results provide evidence that genetic risks for POAG and myopia may be causal risk factors for age-related cataract. These results are consistent with previous observational studies reporting associations of myopia with cataract risk. This information may support population cataract risk stratification and screening strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, California, United States
| | - Ronald B. Melles
- KPNC, Department of Ophthalmology, Redwood City, California, United States
| | - Poorab Sangani
- KPNC, Department of Ophthalmology, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Thomas J. Hoffmann
- Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- King's College London, Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- King's College London, Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, London, United Kingdom
- University College London, Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, New York, United States
| | - Salil A. Lachke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Hélène Choquet
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Im PK, Wright N, Yang L, Chan KH, Chen Y, Guo Y, Du H, Yang X, Avery D, Wang S, Yu C, Lv J, Clarke R, Chen J, Collins R, Walters RG, Peto R, Li L, Chen Z, Millwood IY. Alcohol consumption and risks of more than 200 diseases in Chinese men. Nat Med 2023; 29:1476-1486. [PMID: 37291211 PMCID: PMC10287564 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption accounts for ~3 million annual deaths worldwide, but uncertainty persists about its relationships with many diseases. We investigated the associations of alcohol consumption with 207 diseases in the 12-year China Kadoorie Biobank of >512,000 adults (41% men), including 168,050 genotyped for ALDH2- rs671 and ADH1B- rs1229984 , with >1.1 million ICD-10 coded hospitalized events. At baseline, 33% of men drank alcohol regularly. Among men, alcohol intake was positively associated with 61 diseases, including 33 not defined by the World Health Organization as alcohol-related, such as cataract (n = 2,028; hazard ratio 1.21; 95% confidence interval 1.09-1.33, per 280 g per week) and gout (n = 402; 1.57, 1.33-1.86). Genotype-predicted mean alcohol intake was positively associated with established (n = 28,564; 1.14, 1.09-1.20) and new alcohol-associated (n = 16,138; 1.06, 1.01-1.12) diseases, and with specific diseases such as liver cirrhosis (n = 499; 2.30, 1.58-3.35), stroke (n = 12,176; 1.38, 1.27-1.49) and gout (n = 338; 2.33, 1.49-3.62), but not ischemic heart disease (n = 8,408; 1.04, 0.94-1.14). Among women, 2% drank alcohol resulting in low power to assess associations of self-reported alcohol intake with disease risks, but genetic findings in women suggested the excess male risks were not due to pleiotropic genotypic effects. Among Chinese men, alcohol consumption increased multiple disease risks, highlighting the need to strengthen preventive measures to reduce alcohol intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pek Kei Im
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Wright
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ka Hung Chan
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yu Guo
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaidong Du
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Avery
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shaojie Wang
- NCD Prevention and Control Department, Qingdao CDC, Qingdao, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Rory Collins
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Peto
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alcohol use patterns and risk of incident cataract surgery: a large scale case-control study in Japan. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20142. [PMID: 36418504 PMCID: PMC9684480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24465-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the risk of incident cataract surgery associated with alcohol use patterns among Japanese adults. This was a case-control study evaluating 14,861 patients with incident cataract surgery and 14,861 matched controls. Subjects admitted to any of the 34 hospitals in Japan and aged between 40 and 69 years were included. Drinking patterns (drinking frequency, daily average drinks, and total amount of lifetime drinking), smoking history, lifestyle-related comorbidities, and occupational factors were surveyed by trained interviewers. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. For drinking frequency, ORs in the 1-3 days/week and 4-7 days/week groups were 1.10 (95% CI 1.03-1.17) and 1.30 (1.21-1.40), respectively. For average drinks, ORs in > 0-2 drinks/day, > 2-4 drinks/day, and > 4 drinks/day were 1.13 (1.06-1.20), 1.23 (1.12-1.35), and 1.16 (1.03-1.31), respectively. Both men and women had an increased risk of incident cataract surgery with increased total lifetime drinking, with a significant increase in risk occurring at > 90 drink-years for men and > 40 drink-years for women. A positive dose-response relationship was observed between alcohol consumption and cataract. Restricted drinking may help to reduce the progression of cataracts.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yuan S, Wolk A, Larsson SC. Metabolic and lifestyle factors in relation to senile cataract: a Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:409. [PMID: 35013517 PMCID: PMC8748724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a Mendelian randomization study to determine the associations of body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes (T2D), systolic blood pressure (SBP), coffee and alcohol consumption and smoking initiation with senile cataract. Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the metabolic and lifestyle factors at the p < 5 × 10-8 were selected as instrument variables. Summary-level data for senile cataract were obtained from the FinnGen consortium (20,157 cases and 154,905 non-cases) and UK Biobank study (6332 cases and 354,862 non-cases). Higher genetically predicted BMI and SBP and genetic predisposition to T2D and smoking initiation were associated with an increased risk of senile cataract. The combined odds ratios were 1.19 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.29; p < 0.001) per one standard deviation increase in BMI (~ 4.8 kg/m2), 1.13 (95% CI 1.04-1.23; p = 0.004) per 10 mmHg increase in SBP, 1.06 (95% CI 1.03-1.09; p < 0.001) per one unit increase in log-transformed odds ratio of T2D, and 1.19 (95% CI 1.10-1.29; p < 0.001) per one standard deviation increase in prevalence of smoking initiation. Genetically predicted coffee consumption showed a suggestive association with senile cataract (odds ratio per 50% increase, 1.18, 95% CI 1.00-1.40; p = 0.050). This study suggests causal roles of obesity, T2D, SBP and smoking in senile cataract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang J, Wang W, Yang G, Ha J, Tan X, Shang X, Zhu Z, Han X, Liu Z, Zhang L, He M, Luo L. Body mass index is not associated with early onset cataract in the 45 and Up cohort study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 9:1640. [PMID: 34988149 PMCID: PMC8667097 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Body mass index (BMI) has been reported to be associated with age-related cataract, whereas its impact on early onset cataract (EOC) remains unknown. Methods A total of 73,007 individuals aged 45–55 years who had no previous cataract surgeries at baseline were enrolled from the population-based 45 and Up Study. BMI was calculated based on self-reported height and weight from the baseline questionnaire. Data on cataract surgeries were obtained from the Medicare Benefits Schedule database. EOC was defined as cataract surgically treated prior to 65 years of age. A Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the association between BMI and the incidence of EOC during the follow-up. Results A total of 1,764 participants underwent cataract surgery over 643,717 person-years of follow-up. No significant association was observed between BMI and EOC (P for trend 0.35). Among participants who drank 5 to 7 alcoholic drinks per week, a 73% and 27% reduction in the risk of EOC was observed in participants with a BMI of 18.5–19.99 and 25.0–27.49 kg/m2, respectively, compared to those with a BMI of 20.0–22.49 kg/m2. Conclusions No association was identified between BMI and the incidence of EOC. Moderate alcohol intake may be protective against EOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, National Clinical Research Center, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, National Clinical Research Center, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Municipal Hospital of Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Chifeng, China
| | - Jason Ha
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xuhua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, National Clinical Research Center, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianwen Shang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, National Clinical Research Center, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, National Clinical Research Center, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Artificial Intelligence and Modelling in Epidemiology Program, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, National Clinical Research Center, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lixia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, National Clinical Research Center, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The changes in retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness in Chinese patients with alcohol dependency. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 229:109130. [PMID: 34773776 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and the macular thickness in Chinese patients with alcohol dependency and ascertaining the influence of optic cup volume on cognitive functioning. METHODS A total of 26 alcohol-dependent patients and 53 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) measurement and were scanned via spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS Compared with the healthy controls, the alcohol-dependent patients returned lower scores across all subscales and total RBANS scores. The total thickness of the RNFL of the left eye, temporal and nasal RNFLthickness of both eyes were thinner in the alcohol-dependent patients (all p < 0.05). In terms of macular thickness, eight macular regions and the average thickness of the right eye and three of the left eye were thinner in the alcohol-dependent patients than in the healthy controls. The linear regression analysis indicated that a higher alcohol consumption was associated with thinner RNFL and macular thickness especially in temporal and inferior quadrant region after controlling for smoker status, age, BMI, cholesterol level and AKT level. CONCLUSIONS A higher alcohol consumption was significantly associated with thinner RNFL and macular thickness, indicating that alcohol is a potential risk factor affecting RNFL thickness and macular thickness. Meanwhile, the increase in optic cup volume was associated with the reduced cognitive functioning of the alcohol-dependent patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Timsina R, Mainali L. Association of Alpha-Crystallin with Fiber Cell Plasma Membrane of the Eye Lens Accompanied by Light Scattering and Cataract Formation. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:447. [PMID: 34203836 PMCID: PMC8232717 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
α-crystallin is a major protein found in the mammalian eye lens that works as a molecular chaperone by preventing the aggregation of proteins and providing tolerance to stress in the eye lens. These functions of α-crystallin are significant for maintaining lens transparency. However, with age and cataract formation, the concentration of α-crystallin in the eye lens cytoplasm decreases with a corresponding increase in the membrane-bound α-crystallin, accompanied by increased light scattering. The purpose of this review is to summarize previous and recent findings of the role of the: (1) lens membrane components, i.e., the major phospholipids (PLs) and sphingolipids, cholesterol (Chol), cholesterol bilayer domains (CBDs), and the integral membrane proteins aquaporin-0 (AQP0; formally MIP26) and connexins, and (2) α-crystallin mutations and post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the association of α-crystallin to the eye lens's fiber cell plasma membrane, providing thorough insights into a molecular basis of such an association. Furthermore, this review highlights the current knowledge and need for further studies to understand the fundamental molecular processes involved in the association of α-crystallin to the lens membrane, potentially leading to new avenues for preventing cataract formation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Timsina
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA;
| | - Laxman Mainali
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA;
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Karimi S, Arabi A, Shahraki T. Alcohol and the Eye. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2021; 16:260-270. [PMID: 34055263 PMCID: PMC8126742 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v16i2.9089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we present a review of ocular conditions related to alcohol consumption. A search of the literature published from 1952 to March 2020 was performed. The titles and abstracts were screened and the eligible studies were selected. PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge database, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched. We categorized the relationship between alcohol intake and ocular conditions by the type of ocular exposure to alcohol. Accordingly, ocular findings following acute alcohol intoxication, optic neuropathy following methanol toxicity, congenital conditions related to maternal alcohol consumption, and ocular disease related to chronic alcoholism are discussed. The main feature of alcohol intoxication in the eye is abnormal eye movement. Acute optic neuropathy secondary to methyl alcohol consumption is a serious ocular disease with permanent vision loss or scotoma. Prenatal exposure to ethanol may end in fetal alcohol spectrum disease, where ocular findings are a constant component. The association between chronic alcohol consumption and increased risks of cataract, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, different types of optic neuropathy, impairment of visual quality, retinal vascular disease, and ocular surface disease has also been reported. Along with detrimental medical and social effects, the role of alcohol consumption in different ocular conditions should be considered, as alcohol-induced visual disturbances may contribute to the heavy burden of alcohol abuse on the healthcare system and overall quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Karimi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology, Torfeh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Arabi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology, Torfeh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Toktam Shahraki
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology, Torfeh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chua SYL, Luben RN, Hayat S, Broadway DC, Khaw KT, Warwick A, Britten A, Day AC, Strouthidis N, Patel PJ, Khaw PT, Foster PJ, Khawaja AP. Alcohol Consumption and Incident Cataract Surgery in Two Large UK Cohorts. Ophthalmology 2021; 128:837-847. [PMID: 33571551 PMCID: PMC8162662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the association of alcohol consumption and type of alcoholic beverage with incident cataract surgery in 2 large cohorts. Design Longitudinal, observational study. Participants We included 469 387 participants of UK Biobank with a mean age of 56 years and 23 162 participants of European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk with a mean age of 59 years. Methods Self-reported alcohol consumption at baseline was ascertained by a touchscreen questionnaire in UK Biobank and a food-frequency questionnaire in EPIC-Norfolk. Cases were defined as participants undergoing cataract surgery in either eye as ascertained via data linkage to National Health Service procedure statistics. We excluded participants with cataract surgery up to 1 year after the baseline assessment visit or those with self-reported cataract at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations of alcohol consumption with incident cataract surgery, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and diabetes status. Main Outcome Measures Incident cataract surgery. Results There were 19 011 (mean cohort follow-up of 95 months) and 4573 (mean cohort follow-up of 193 months) incident cases of cataract surgery in UK Biobank and EPIC-Norfolk, respectively. Compared with nondrinkers, drinkers were less likely to undergo cataract surgery in UK Biobank (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85–0.93) and EPIC-Norfolk (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84–0.97) after adjusting for covariables. Among alcohol consumers, greater alcohol consumption was associated with a reduced risk of undergoing cataract surgery in EPIC-Norfolk (P < 0.001), whereas a U-shaped association was observed in the UK Biobank. Compared with nondrinkers, subgroup analysis by type of alcohol beverage showed the strongest protective association with wine consumption; the risk of incident cataract surgery was 23% and 14% lower among those in the highest category of wine consumption in EPIC-Norfolk and UK Biobank, respectively. Conclusions Our findings suggest a lower risk of undergoing cataract surgery with low to moderate alcohol consumption. The association was particularly apparent with wine consumption. We cannot exclude the possibility of residual confounding, and further studies are required to determine whether this association is causal in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Y L Chua
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Robert N Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shabina Hayat
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David C Broadway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Abigail Britten
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander C Day
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Strouthidis
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Praveen J Patel
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peng T Khaw
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Timsina R, Khadka NK, Maldonado D, Mainali L. Interaction of alpha-crystallin with four major phospholipids of eye lens membranes. Exp Eye Res 2020; 202:108337. [PMID: 33127344 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It is well-studied that the significant factor in cataract formation is the association of α-crystallin, a major eye lens protein, with the fiber cell plasma membrane of the eye lens. The fiber cell plasma membrane of the eye lens consists of four major phospholipids (PLs), i.e., phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), and sphingomyelin (SM). Despite several attempts to study the interaction of α-crystallin with PLs of the eye lens membrane, the role of individual PL for the binding with α-crystallin is still unclear. We recently developed the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-labeling method to study the binding of α-crystallin to the PC membrane (Mainali et al., 2020a). Here, we use the recently developed EPR method to explicitly measure the binding affinity (Ka) of α-crystallin to the individual (PE*, PS, and SM) and two-component mixtures (SM/PE, SM/PS, and SM/PC in 70:30 and 50:50 mol%) of PL membranes as well as the physical properties (mobility parameter and maximum splitting) of these membranes upon binding with α-crystallin. One of the key findings of this study was that the Ka of α-crystallin binding to individual PL membranes followed the trends: Ka(PC) > Ka(SM) > Ka(PS) > Ka(PE*), indicating PE* inhibits binding the most whereas PC inhibits binding the least. Also, the Ka of α-crystallin binding to two-component mixtures of PL membranes followed the trends: Ka(SM/PE) > Ka(SM/PS) > Ka(SM/PC), indicating SM/PC inhibits binding the most whereas SM/PE inhibits binding the least. Except for the PE* membrane, for which there was no binding of α-crystallin, the mobility parameter for all other membranes decreased with an increase in α-crystallin concentration. It represents that the membranes become more immobilized near the headgroup regions of the PLs when more and more α-crystallin binds to them. The maximum splitting increased only for the SM and the SM/PE (70:30 mol%) membranes, with an increase in the binding of α-crystallin. It represents that the PL headgroup regions of these membranes become more ordered after binding of α-crystallin to these membranes. Our results showed that α-crystallin binds to PL membranes in a saturable manner. Also, our data suggest that the binding of α-crystallin to PL membranes likely occurs through hydrophobic interaction between α-crystallin and the hydrophobic fatty acid core of the membranes, and such interaction is modulated by the PL headgroup's size and charge, hydrogen bonding between headgroups, and PL curvature. Thus, this study provides an in-depth understanding of α-crystallin interaction with the PL membranes made of individual and two-component mixtures of the four major PLs of the eye lens membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Timsina
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Nawal K Khadka
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - David Maldonado
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Laxman Mainali
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA; Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Minakaran N, Ezra DG, Allan BDS. Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine versus topical anaesthesia alone for phacoemulsification cataract surgery in adults. Hippokratia 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005276.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Minakaran
- Department of Ophthalmology; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - Daniel G Ezra
- Moorfields and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology BMRC; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - Bruce DS Allan
- External Disease Service; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Minakaran N, Ezra DG, Allan BD. Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine versus topical anaesthesia alone for phacoemulsification cataract surgery in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 7:CD005276. [PMID: 35658539 PMCID: PMC8190979 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005276.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phacoemulsification cataract surgery is usually performed in adults under local anaesthesia. Topical anaesthesia, which involves instilling anaesthetic drops to the ocular surface prior to and during surgery, has found large acceptance internationally. It is safe and allows for rapid patient turnover and visual recovery. Some surgeons have supplemented topical anaesthesia with intracameral lidocaine, reasoning that this may further reduce intraoperative pain, particularly during surgical stages involving manipulation of intraocular structures and rapid changes in fluid dynamics. This review, originally published in 2006 and updated in 2020, explores the efficacy and safety of using supplementary intracameral lidocaine in phacoemulsification cataract surgery. OBJECTIVES To assess whether supplementing topical anaesthesia with intracameral lidocaine for phacoemulsification cataract surgery in adults reduces intraoperative and postoperative pain, and to assess differences in participant satisfaction, need for additional intraoperative anaesthesia, surgeon satisfaction, measures of intraocular toxicity, and adverse effects attributable to choice of anaesthesia. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS BIREME iAH, and six trial registries on 4 February 2020. We also searched the reference lists of identified studies. There were no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) where participants underwent phacoemulsification for age-related cataract under topical anaesthesia with or without intracameral lidocaine either in two eyes of the same participant, or in different participants. We also included studies that used oral or intravenous sedation in addition to local anaesthesia. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed trial methodological quality using standard Cochrane procedures. MAIN RESULTS We identified five new RCTs in this updated review. We included a total of 13 trials in the review, conducted in the UK, the USA, Australia, Italy, Canada, Taiwan, Singapore, India, and Pakistan, and comprising 2388 eyes of 2355 participants (one study was a paired-eye study with each participant acting as their own control). The age range of participants was 34 to 95 years. We excluded studies that only included low-risk participants and excluded more difficult operative cases, for example hard lens nuclei or small pupils. We excluded studies assessing only participants with Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy. We judged one study as at high risk for selection bias. We assessed five studies as having an unclear risk of bias for random sequence generation and seven studies an unclear risk of bias for allocation concealment. We judged three studies as at high risk of performance bias, as the surgeon was not blinded, and two studies as at unclear risk of bias for this domain. No studies were judged as at high risk for detection bias, but five studies were judged to have an unclear risk of bias for this domain. We judged all 13 included studies to have a low risk of attrition bias and an unclear risk of reporting bias. Data from eight RCTs favoured topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine 0.5% to 1% over topical anaesthesia alone for reducing intraoperative pain when measured using a 10-point visual analogue scale, analysed as a continuous outcome. Mean pain score was 0.26 lower in the supplemental intracameral lidocaine group (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.39 to -0.13, 1692 eyes, moderate-quality evidence). Data from seven RCTs favoured supplemental intracameral lidocaine for reducing intraoperative pain when measured as a dichotomous outcome. The odds ratio of experiencing any pain was 0.40 versus the topical anaesthesia-only group (95% CI 0.29 to 0.57, 1268 eyes, moderate-quality evidence). Data from four RCTs did not show any additional benefit on postoperative pain when measured using a 10-point visual analogue scale (mean difference 0.12 points, 95% CI -0.29 to 0.05, 751 eyes, moderate-quality evidence). The impact on participant satisfaction was uncertain as only one small study investigated this outcome. The study suggested no difference between groups (mean difference 0.1 points, 95% CI -0.47 to 0.27, 60 eyes, low-quality evidence). Data from seven RCTs did not demonstrate a difference between groups in the need for additional intraoperative anaesthesia (odds ratio 0.88, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.39, 1194 eyes of 1161 participants; low-quality evidence), although this result is uncertain. A variety of measures were reported relating to possible intraocular toxicity. Data from four RCTs did not demonstrate a difference between groups in mean percentage corneal endothelial cell count change from pre- to postoperatively (mean difference 0.89%, 95% CI -1.12% to 2.9%, 254 eyes of 221 participants, moderate-quality evidence). Synthesis of the evidence from eight RCTs identified no difference in intraoperative adverse events between groups (odds ratio 1.00, 95% CI 0.32 to 3.16, 1726 eyes, low-quality evidence). This result should be interpreted with caution, mainly due to a lack of clear definitions of adverse events, low numbers of events, heterogeneity between studies, and large confidence intervals. Large observational studies may have been more appropriate for looking at this outcome. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is moderate-quality evidence that supplementation of topical anaesthesia with intracameral lidocaine 0.5% to 1% for phacoemulsification cataract surgery in adults reduces participant perception of intraoperative pain. The odds of experiencing any pain (as opposed to no pain) were 60% less for the topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine group versus the topical anaesthesia-only group. However, the numerical amplitude of the effect may not be of great clinical significance on the continuous pain score scale. Generally, the pain scores were consistently low for both techniques. We found moderate-quality evidence that there is no additional benefit of intracameral lidocaine on postoperative pain. There is insufficient evidence to determine the impact on participant satisfaction and need for additional intraoperative anaesthesia due to low-quality evidence. There is moderate-quality evidence that intracameral lidocaine supplementation does not increase measures of intraocular toxicity, specifically loss of corneal endothelial cells. There is low-quality evidence that the incidence of intraoperative adverse events is unchanged with intracameral lidocaine supplementation, but as RCTs are not the optimum medium for looking at this, this result should be interpreted with caution. Further research specifically investigating the adverse effects of intracameral anaesthesia might help to better determine its safety profile. Economic evaluations would also be useful for detailing cost implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Minakaran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel G Ezra
- Moorfields and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology BMRC, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Bruce Ds Allan
- External Disease Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Delbarre M, Froussart-Maille F. [Signs, symptoms, and clinical forms of cataract in adults]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2020; 43:653-659. [PMID: 32586638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cataract is a partial or total opacification of the crystalline lens. In adults, cataract is acquired; the most common form is the age-related cataract. Assessment of the functional impact of a cataract is clinical. The common symptom is loss of visual acuity, but other symptoms (photophobia, monocular diplopia, myopic shift, change in color vision, etc.) may be found depending on the anatomical distribution of the opacities (nuclear, posterior subcapsular, cortical). Diagnosis is based on slit-lamp examination after pupillary dilation. This allows classification of the opacities according to their anatomical distribution and can help direct any etiologic work-up. A number of potential causes should be ruled out before concluding that a cataract is age-related. Cataracts may be iatrogenic, associated with other ocular or systemic disease, or induced by ocular trauma. Knowledge of the signs, symptoms, and clinical forms of cataract helps to establish proper indications for cataract surgery in accordance with preferred practice patterns in ophthalmology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Delbarre
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital d'instruction des Armées Percy, 101, avenue Henri-Barbusse, BP 406, 92141 Clamart cedex, France.
| | - F Froussart-Maille
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital d'instruction des Armées Percy, 101, avenue Henri-Barbusse, BP 406, 92141 Clamart cedex, France; École du Val-de-Grâce, 1, place Alphonse-Laveran, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen X, Zhou DY, Shen J, Wu YB, Sun QZ, Dong JM, Yu JC. Prevalence and risk factors on age-related cataract and surgery in adults over 50 years old in Binhu District, Wuxi, China. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:445-451. [PMID: 32309182 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.03.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of age-related cataract (ARC), ARC surgery procedures, and postoperative vision results among adults over 50 years old in the Binhu District of Wuxi City, China. METHODS Thirty basic sampling units were analyzed via a cluster random sampling method. Detailed medical histories were collected and eye examinations were performed. Cataract prevalence and surgical procedures were quantified. RESULTS Among the 6150 participants, 1421 cataract cases were diagnosed and prevalence was 23.1%. The prevalence of cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts increased with age (P<0.001). Cataract prevalence was significantly higher among elderly, female, or illiterate individuals and people with hypertension, diabetes, and a history of smoking and drinking (all P<0.05). As participant age increased and education level decreased, the frequency of cataract blindness surgeries gradually decreased, but without statistical significance within groups (P>0.05). The odds ratio of cataract patients who had or did not have cataract surgery was 3.15 (87/28) and the frequency of cataract blindness surgery was 75.7% (87/115). Poor visual outcomes was in 107 eyes (40.7%) after cataract surgery. Poor vision was mostly caused by uncorrected reflective errors (30.9%) and ocular comorbidities (41.1%). The prevalence of cataract surgery complications was 5.7% (15/263). Surgical complications and posterior capsular opacification were avoidable factors facilitating poor vision. CONCLUSION ARC, especially in females and illiterate individuals, presents a public health problem in this district. Poor visual outcomes after cataract surgery are frequent. High-quality cataract surgeries and treatment of ocular comorbidities are vital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dan-Ying Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan-Bing Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing-Zhu Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Min Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Chun Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Engelbrecht C, Sardinha LR, Rizzo LV. Cytokine and Chemokine Concentration in the Tear of Patients with Age-Related Cataract. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1101-1106. [PMID: 31928443 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1715445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study measured 41 soluble mediators in the tear of 19 patients with age-related cataract and 32 healthy adults as controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective, case-control study in which, using multiple immunoassays, we measured in tear samples the following molecules: EGF, FGF-2, Eotaxin, TGF-α, G-CSF, Flt-3L, GM-CSF, Fractalkine, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, GRO, IL-10, MCP-3, IL-12p40, MDC, IL-12p70, PDGF-AA, IL-13, PDGF-AB/BB, IL-15, sCD40L, IL-17a, IL-1ra, IL-1α, IL-9, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, TNFα, TNFβ, VEGF. Statistical analyses were done by multiple adjusted models and p values were corrected by the Benjamini and Hochberg method. RESULTS We did not find significant differences in the amount of the tested molecules in the tear fluid between cataract patients and controls. Correlation analyses relative to age were carried out for both groups. Analysis of MCP-1 tear levels revealed a direct correlation with age for normal healthy controls as well as for cataract patients. But IL-6 tear levels correlated with age only in the group of cataract patients. In addition, IL1-ra tear levels correlated with cataract nuclear grade; higher grades were associated with higher IL-1ra concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ocular aging is accompanied by increased production of IL-6 and MCP-1, which can be measured in tear fluid. ABBREVIATIONS AMD: Age-Related Macular Degeneration; EGF: Epidermal growth factor; Eotaxin: Eosinophil chemotactic proteins; FasL: Fas ligand; FGF-2: Basic fibroblast growth factor 2; Flt-3L: Fms related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand; G-CSF: Granulocyte colony stimulating factor; GM-CSF: Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; GRO: Growth regulated protein; HGF: Human growth factor; ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1; IFNα2: Interferon alpha 2; IFNγ: Interferon gamma; IL: Interleukin; IL-1ra: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; IL-12p40: Interleukin-12 subunit p40; IL-12p70: Interleukin-12 subunit p70; IP-10: Interferon gamma-induced protein 10; MCP-1: Monocyte chemotactic protein 1; MCP-3: Monocyte chemotactic protein 3; MDC: Macrophage derived chemokine; MIG: Monokine induced by gamma interferon; MIP-1α: Macrophage inflammatory proteins 1 alpha; MIP-1β: Macrophage inflammatory proteins 1 beta; MMPs: Matrix metalloproteinases; MMP-9: Matrix metalloproteinase 9; PAI1: Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; PDGF-AA: Platelet-derived growth factor subunit AA; PDGF-AB/BB: Platelet-derived growth factor subunit AB and BB; PIGF: Placenta growth factor; RANTES: Regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; SAA: Serum amyloid A; sCD40L: Soluble CD40 ligand; sTNF-RII: Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor; TBUT Tear breakup time; TGF-α: Transforming growth factor alpha; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor beta; TNFα: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; TNFβ: Tumor necrosis factor beta; VCAM: Vascular cell adhesion molecule; VEGF: Vascular endothelium growth factor.
Collapse
|
20
|
Cataractogenic load – A concept to study the contribution of ionizing radiation to accelerated aging in the eye lens. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 779:68-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
21
|
Risk of cataract in smokers: A meta-analysis of observational studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 94:60-74. [PMID: 30528895 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare the risk of cataract in smokers and ex-smokers. METHODS A systematic search of observational studies was carried out in Medline, Embase, and Lilacs databases. Studies that have evaluated the association between cigarette smoking and any type of clinically diagnosed cataract were selected. The association estimators were extracted, adjusted at least by age, and were combined using random-effects models, by subtype of study (cohort, case control and cross sectional), subtype of cataract (nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular), and exposure (current smoker or ex-smoker). Statistical heterogeneity, meta-regression analysis and publication bias were assessed. RESULTS A total of 13 cohort studies, 12 case-control studies, and 18 cross-sectional studies were selected. A risk of cataract was found in current smokers: cohort (OR: 1.41; 95%CI: 1.24-1.60), cases and controls (OR: 1.45; 95%CI: 1.08-1.96), and cross-sectional studies (OR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.09-1.34); risk of nuclear cataract: cohort (OR: 1.71; 95%CI: 1.47-1.98), case-control (OR: 1.79; 95%CI: 1.43-2.25), and cross sectional studies (OR: 1.45; 95%CI: 1.27-1.65). There was no risk of cortical or posterior subcapsular cataract in ex-smokers. CONCLUSIONS There is a risk of cataract in smokers, particularly nuclear type. With cross-sectional studies, similar results are obtained with cohorts and cases and controls.
Collapse
|
22
|
Nam SW, Lim DH, Cho KY, Kim HS, Kim K, Chung TY. Risk factors of presenile nuclear cataract in health screening study. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18:263. [PMID: 30305075 PMCID: PMC6180395 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To identify risk factors for the development of presenile nuclear cataract in health screening test. Methods The cross sectional study included a total of 532 eyes of 266 participants aged 30 to 49 years of Samsung Medical Center from February 2013 to April 2015. Presence of nuclear cataract was defined when the log MAR visual acuity with correction was greater than or equal to 0.2 and one or more of the following were met: Pentacam Nuclear Staging (PNS) grading score ≥ 1, average value of nuclear density ≥ 15%, maximum value of nuclear density ≥ 30%. Possible risk factors were obtained from blood tests and questionnaires of a health screening test of Samsung Medical Center. Association between nuclear cataract and risk factors was investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis by generalized estimating equation (GEE) models. Results Five factors were significantly associated with presenile nuclear cataract: current smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 2.80, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10–7.12, p = 0.0310], non-exercise and high amount of daily physical exercise (OR = 3.99, 95% CI, 1.27–12.52, p = 0.0178; OR = 2.92, 95% CI, 1.38–6.22, p = 0.0053), asthma (OR = 8.93, 95% CI, 1.12–71.15, p = 0.0386), tuberculosis (OR = 4.28, 95% CI, 1.36–13.50, p = 0.0131), and higher total iron binding capacity (OR = 1.01, 95% CI, 1.00–1.02, p = 0.0059). Conclusions Presenile nuclear cataract is related to current smoking, non-exercise or high amount of physical exercise, asthma, tuberculosis, and iron deficiency status. The association of non-exercise group and presenile nuclear cataract seems to be related to co-morbidity. Patients with asthma, tuberculosis, or iron deficiency anemia are recommended to receive frequent ophthalmic examination to detect cataract. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12886-018-0928-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Wan Nam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hui Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, #81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
| | - Kyu Yeon Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Seung Kim
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyunga Kim
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Young Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, #81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Phaswana-Mafuya N, Peltzer K, Crampin A, Ahame E, Sokhela Z. Prevalence of Self-Reported Diagnosed Cataract and Associated Risk Factors among Elderly South Africans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14121523. [PMID: 29211038 PMCID: PMC5750941 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper estimates the prevalence of self-reported cataract and associated risk factors among individuals aged ≥50 years in South Africa. Data from a nationally-representative cross-sectional Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) (N = 3646) conducted in South Africa from 2007–2008 was analyzed. The primary outcome was self-reported cataract, and exposures included socio-demographics, self-reported co-morbidities, and behavioral factors. Linearized multivariate logistic regression models were used. The weighted prevalence of self-reported diagnosed cataract was 4.4% (95%CI: 3.4–5.8). Prevalence was greater among individuals with advancing age (10.2%), higher quality of life (QoL) (5.9%), education (5.2%), and wealth (5.8%) than their counterparts. Prevalence was also higher among individuals with depression (17.5%), diabetes (13.3%), hypertension (9.1%), and stroke (8.4%) compared to those without these conditions, with the exception of obesity (4.2%). In the final multivariate model, the odds of self-reported cataract were: 4.14 times higher among people ≥70 years than 50 to 59 year olds (95%CI: 2.28–7.50); 2.48 times higher in urban than rural residents (95%CI: 1.25–4.92); 5.16, 2.99, and 1.97 times higher for individuals with depression (95%CI: 1.92–13.86), hypertension (95%CI: 1.60–5.59), and diabetes (95%CI: 1.07–3.61), compared to those without these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya
- Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor: Research and Innovation, North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
- HIV/AIDS/STI/TB Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Karl Peltzer
- HIV/AIDS/STI/TB Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
- Department of Research & Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop 0727, South Africa.
| | - Amelia Crampin
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Edmund Ahame
- HIV/AIDS/STI/TB Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
- Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor for Research and Engagement, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6001, South Africa.
| | - Zinhle Sokhela
- HIV/AIDS/STI/TB Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Cataract and insufficient vitamin D intake are both increasing worldwide concerns, yet little is known about the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and age-related cataract. We performed this study to determine the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and age-related cataract in adults. METHODS Study participants comprised 16,086 adults aged 40 years or older who had never been diagnosed with or undergone surgery for cataract using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2008 to 2012. Participants were assessed to have cataract when diagnosed with cortical, nuclear, anterior subcapsular, posterior subcapsular, or mixed cataract. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the magnitude and significance of the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and cataract in multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS The OR for nuclear cataract with the highest quintile of serum 25(OH)D levels was 0.86 (95% CI 0.75-0.99) compared to the lowest quintile. A linear trend across quintiles was significant. Natural log-transformed serum 25(OH)D levels were also significantly associated with nuclear cataract (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.75-0.95). The opulation-attributable fraction of nuclear cataract due to serum 25(OH)D insufficiency (<30 ng/mL) was 8.8% (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Serum 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with the risk of nuclear cataract. Prospective studies investigating the effects of serum 25(OH)D levels on the development of nuclear cataract are needed to confirm our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangshin Park
- a Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA.,b Department of Pediatrics , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Nam-Kyong Choi
- c Institute of Environmental Medicine , Seoul National University Medical Research Center , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,d Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics , Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,e Department of Health Convergence , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE No studies investigated the effects of age at first childbirth on cataract formation. This study was performed to determine the relationships of age at first childbirth to age-related cataract in postmenopausal women. METHODS Study population included 7,021 postmenopausal women in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008 to 2012. Participants were subdivided in quartiles according to the age at first childbirth as follows: 13 to 21, 22 to 23, 24 to 25, and 26 to 44 years. We used odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to address the relationships between age at first childbirth and age-related cataract with adjustments for confounders. RESULTS Mean participants' age and age at first childbirth were 64.4 and 23.6 years, respectively. The prevalence of any subtype of age-related cataract was 64.9%. Nuclear cataract prevalence was significantly higher in postmenopausal women with later age at first childbirth (24-25 and 26-44 years) compared with those with the earliest age at first childbirth (13-21 years): ORs (95% CIs) were 1.23 (1.05-1.45) and 1.24 (1.05-1.46), respectively. A significant linear trend across quintile was observed (P = 0.006). Age at first childbirth linearly 4% (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.06) and 2% (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.04) increased risk for nuclear and cortical cataract formation, respectively. The population-attributable fraction of nuclear cataract caused by the first childbirth at 24 years or later was 4.9% (95% CI 1.20%-8.59%, P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Later age of first childbirth was independently associated with higher risks of nuclear and cortical cataract in postmenopausal women. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the role of age at first childbirth in developing age-related cataract.
Collapse
|
26
|
Cao G, Yi T, Liu Q, Wang M, Tang S. Alcohol consumption and risk of fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2633. [PMID: 27812428 PMCID: PMC5088606 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have shown inconsistent results regarding alcohol consumption and risk of fatty liver. We performed a meta-analysis of published literature to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and fatty liver disease (FLD). METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and several Chinese databases, identifying studies that reported an association between alcohol consumption and the risk of FLD. RESULTS A total of 16 studies with 76,608 participants including 13 cross-sectional studies, two cross-sectional following longitudinal studies, and one cohort study met the inclusion criteria. For light to moderate alcohol consumption (LMAC), there was a 22.6% reduction in risk of FLD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.774, 95% confidence interval CI [0.695-0.862], P <0.001), and subgroup analysis showed that a greater reduction in risk of FLD was found in the female drinkers (30.2%) and the drinkers with BMI ≥25 kg/m2(31.3%) compared with the male drinkers (22.6%) and the drinkers with BMI <25 kg/m2(21.3%), respectively. For heavy alcohol consumption, there was no significant influence on risk of FLD (OR = 0.869, 95% CI [0.553-1.364], P = 0.541) in Japanese women, but there was a 33.7% reduction in risk of FLD (OR = 0.663, 95% CI [0.574-0.765], P < 0.001) in Japanese men and a significant increased risk of FLD (OR = 1.785, 95% CI [1.064-2.996], P = 0.028) in Germans. CONCLUSION LMAC is associated with a significant protective effect on FLD in the studied population, especially in the women and obese population. However, the effect of heavy alcohol consumption on FLD remains unclear due to limited studies and small sample sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingzhuang Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationlities, BaiSe, GuangXi, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaohui Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Floud S, Kuper H, Reeves GK, Beral V, Green J. Risk Factors for Cataracts Treated Surgically in Postmenopausal Women. Ophthalmology 2016; 123:1704-1710. [PMID: 27282285 PMCID: PMC4957792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify risk factors for cataracts treated surgically in postmenopausal women. DESIGN Population-based, prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1 312 051 postmenopausal women in the UK Million Women Study, aged 56 years on average (standard deviation [SD], 4.8), without previous cataract surgery, hospital admission with cataracts, or cancer at baseline, were followed for cataracts treated surgically. METHODS Cox regression was used to calculate adjusted relative risks (RRs) for cataract surgery by lifestyle factors, treatment for diabetes, reproductive history, and use of hormonal therapies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cataract surgery identified by linkage to central National Health Service (NHS) records for inpatient and day-patient admissions (Hospital Episode Statistics for England and Scottish Morbidity Records in Scotland). RESULTS Overall, 89 343 women underwent cataract surgery during an average of 11 (SD, 3) years of follow-up. Women with diabetes were at greatest risk (diabetes vs. no diabetes RR, 2.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.82-2.97). Other factors associated with an increased risk of cataract surgery were current smoking (current smokers of ≥15 cigarettes/day vs. never smokers RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.23-1.30) and obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 vs. <25 kg/m(2); RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.10-1.14). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes, smoking, and obesity were risk factors for cataract surgery. Alcohol use, physical activity, reproductive history, and use of hormonal therapies had little, if any, association with cataract surgery risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Floud
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Hannah Kuper
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian K Reeves
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Beral
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Green
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Niu Z, Li J, Zhong H, Yuan Z, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Chen Q, Pan CW. Large variations in ocular dimensions in a multiethnic population with similar genetic background. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22931. [PMID: 26947903 PMCID: PMC4780004 DOI: 10.1038/srep22931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to describe the ethnic variations in ocular dimensions among three ethnic groups with similar genetic ancestry from mainland of China. We included 2119 ethnic Bai, 2202 ethnic Yi and 2183 ethnic Han adults aged 50 years or older in the study. Ocular dimensions including axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), vitreous chamber depth (VCD) and lens thickness (LT) were measured using A-scan ultrasonography. Bai Chinese had longer ALs (P < 0.001), deeper ACDs (P < 0.001) but shallower VCDs (P < 0.001) compared with the other two ethnic groups. There were no ethnic variations in LTs. Diabetes was associated with shallower ACDs and this association was stronger in Bai Chinese compared with Yi or Han Chinese (P for interaction = 0.02). Thicker lenses were associated with younger age (P = 0.04), male gender (P < 0.001), smoking history (P = 0.01), alcohol intake (P = 0.03), the presence of cataract (P < 0.001), and the presence of diabetes (P < 0.001). There were significant differences in ocular dimensions among different ethnic groups with small differences in genetics but large variations in cultures and lifestyles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhonghua Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First People's Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuansheng Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang XB, Qiao C, Wei L, Han YD, Cui NH, Huang ZL, Li ZH, Zheng F, Yan M. Associations of Polymorphisms in MTHFR Gene with the Risk of Age-Related Cataract in Chinese Han Population: A Genotype-Phenotype Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145581. [PMID: 26689687 PMCID: PMC4686960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a potential risk factor for age-related cataract (ARC). Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is the key enzyme for Hcy metabolism, and variants of MTHFR may affect MTHFR enzyme activity. This study mainly evaluated the associations between variants in MTHFR gene, plasma MTHFR enzyme activity, total Hcy (tHcy) levels and ARC risk in Chinese population. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MTHFR gene were genotyped using the high-resolution melting (HRM) method in 502 ARC patients (mean age, 70.2 [SD, 9.0], 46.0% male) and 890 healthy controls (mean age, 67.1 [SD, 11.1], 47.6% male). The plasma MTHFR activity, folic acid (FA), vitamins B12 and B6 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The plasma tHcy levels were measured by an automated enzymatic assay. After the Bonferroni correction, the minor allele T of SNP rs1801133 showed a significant association with an increased risk of overall ARC (OR = 1.26, P = 0.003). Consistent association was also found between SNP rs1801133 and cortical ARC risk (OR = 1.44, P = 0.003). Haplotype analyses revealed an adverse effect of the haplotype "C-A-T-C" (alleles in order of SNPs rs3737967, rs1801131, rs1801133 and rs9651118) on ARC risk (OR = 1.55, P = 0.003). Moreover, in a joint analysis of SNPs rs9651118 and rs1801133, subjects with two unfavorable genotypes had a 1.76-fold increased risk of ARC compared with the reference group, and a statistically significant dose-response trend (Ptrend = 0.001) was also observed. Further, in healthy controls and patients with cortical ARC, the allele T of SNP rs1801133 and the increasing number of unfavorable genotypes were significantly correlated with decreased MTHFR activity as well as increased tHcy levels. However, there was no significant association between FA, vitamins B12, B6 levels and MTHFR variants. Our data indicated that variants in MTHFR gene might individually and jointly influence susceptibility to ARC by affecting MTHFR enzyme activity and tHcy levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-bin Wang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Qiao
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan university, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ya-di Han
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ning-hua Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhu-liang Huang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zu-hua Li
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (MY); (FZ)
| | - Ming Yan
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan university, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (MY); (FZ)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fenwick EK, Xie J, Man REK, Lim LL, Flood VM, Finger RP, Wong TY, Lamoureux EL. Moderate consumption of white and fortified wine is associated with reduced odds of diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:1009-14. [PMID: 26431588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the association between alcohol consumption and the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, patients with type 2 diabetes answered questions on consumption of low and full-strength beer, white wine/champagne, red wine, fortified wines, and spirits. Never, moderate and high consumption of each alcoholic beverage, and overall alcoholic beverage consumption, were defined as <1, 1-14 and >14 standard drinks/week, respectively. DR was categorized into none; non vision-threatening DR (VTDR) and VTDR. Multivariable logistic regression determined the associations between alcohol consumption and DR. RESULTS Of the 395 participants (mean age±SD [standard deviation] 65.9±10.4years; males=253), 188 (47.6%) consumed alcohol and 235 (59.5%) had any DR. Compared to no alcohol consumption, moderate alcohol consumption (overall) was significantly associated with reduced odds of any DR (OR=0.47, 95% CI [confidence interval] 0.26-0.85). Moderate consumption of white wine/champagne or fortified wine was also associated with reduced odds of any DR (OR=0.48, 95% CI 0.25-0.91, and OR=0.15, 95% CI 0.04-0.62, respectively). Similar results were observed for non-VTDR and VTDR. CONCLUSIONS The amount and type of alcohol are associated with risk of DR in patients with type 2 diabetes. A longitudinal study is needed to assess the protective effect of alcohol consumption and DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva K Fenwick
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jing Xie
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ryan Eyn Kidd Man
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lyndell L Lim
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Victoria M Flood
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia and St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert P Finger
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tien Y Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ecosse L Lamoureux
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|