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Arabin B, Hellmeyer L, Maul J, Metz GAS. Awareness of maternal stress, consequences for the offspring and the need for early interventions to increase stress resilience. J Perinat Med 2021; 49:979-989. [PMID: 34478615 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical studies suggest that prenatal experiences may influence health trajectories up to adulthood and high age. According to the hypothesis of developmental origins of health and disease exposure of pregnant women to stress, nutritional challenges, infection, violence, or war may "program" risks for diseases in later life. Stress and anxieties can exist or be provoked in parents after fertility treatment, after information or diagnosis of fetal abnormalities and demand simultaneous caring concepts to support the parents. In vulnerable groups, it is therefore important to increase the stress resilience to avoid harmful consequences for the growing child. "Enriched environment" defines a key paradigm to decipher how interactions between genes and environment change the structure and function of the brain. The regulation of the fetal hippocampal neurogenesis and morphology during pregnancy is one example of this complex interaction. Animal experiments have demonstrated that an enriched environment can revert consequences of stress in the offspring during critical periods of brain plasticity. Epigenetic markers of stress or wellbeing during pregnancy might even be diagnosed by fragments of placental DNA in the maternal circulation that show characteristic methylation patterns. The development of fetal senses further illustrates how external stimulation may impact individual preferences. Here, we therefore not only discuss how maternal stress influences cognitive development and resilience, but also design possibilities of non-invasive interventions for both mothers and children summarized and evaluated in the light of their potential to improve the health of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Arabin
- Clara Angela Foundation, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics, Charité, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Hellmeyer
- Clara Angela Foundation, Berlin, Germany.,Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Clara Angela Foundation, Berlin, Germany.,Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Czamara D, Tissink E, Tuhkanen J, Martins J, Awaloff Y, Drake AJ, Khulan B, Palotie A, Winter SM, Nemeroff CB, Craighead WE, Dunlop BW, Mayberg HS, Kinkead B, Mathew SJ, Iosifescu DV, Neylan TC, Heim CM, Lahti J, Eriksson JG, Räikkönen K, Ressler KJ, Provençal N, Binder EB. Combined effects of genotype and childhood adversity shape variability of DNA methylation across age. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:88. [PMID: 33526782 PMCID: PMC7851167 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lasting effects of adversity, such as exposure to childhood adversity (CA) on disease risk, may be embedded via epigenetic mechanisms but findings from human studies investigating the main effects of such exposure on epigenetic measures, including DNA methylation (DNAm), are inconsistent. Studies in perinatal tissues indicate that variability of DNAm at birth is best explained by the joint effects of genotype and prenatal environment. Here, we extend these analyses to postnatal stressors. We investigated the contribution of CA, cis genotype (G), and their additive (G + CA) and interactive (G × CA) effects to DNAm variability in blood or saliva from five independent cohorts with a total sample size of 1074 ranging in age from childhood to late adulthood. Of these, 541 were exposed to CA, which was assessed retrospectively using self-reports or verified through social services and registries. For the majority of sites (over 50%) in the adult cohorts, variability in DNAm was best explained by G + CA or G × CA but almost never by CA alone. Across ages and tissues, 1672 DNAm sites showed consistency of the best model in all five cohorts, with G × CA interactions explaining most variance. The consistent G × CA sites mapped to genes enriched in brain-specific transcripts and Gene Ontology terms related to development and synaptic function. Interaction of CA with genotypes showed the strongest contribution to DNAm variability, with stable effects across cohorts in functionally relevant genes. This underscores the importance of including genotype in studies investigating the impact of environmental factors on epigenetic marks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Czamara
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Elleke Tissink
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Tuhkanen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jade Martins
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Amanda J. Drake
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ UK
| | - Batbayar Khulan
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ UK
| | - Aarno Palotie
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sibylle M. Winter
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Charles B. Nemeroff
- grid.89336.370000 0004 1936 9924Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - W. Edward Craighead
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Dr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Boadie W. Dunlop
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Dr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Helen S. Mayberg
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Dr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy PI, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Becky Kinkead
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Dr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Sanjay J. Mathew
- grid.413890.70000 0004 0420 5521Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. Debakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Dan V. Iosifescu
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy PI, New York, NY 10029 USA ,grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753NYU School of Medicine and Nathan Kline Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Thomas C. Neylan
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Christine M. Heim
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Luisenstraße 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jari Lahti
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland ,grid.428673.c0000 0004 0409 6302Folkhälsan Research Center, 00250 Helsinki, Finland ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.452264.30000 0004 0530 269XSingapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Mailman Research Center, 115 Mill St., Mailstop 339, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Nadine Provençal
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC Canada ,grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Elisabeth B. Binder
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Dr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
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Wong HM, Peng SM, McGrath CPJ. Association of infant growth with emergence of permanent dentition among 12 year-aged southern Chinese school children. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:47. [PMID: 30866901 PMCID: PMC6416840 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a need to comprehensively investigate the relationship between tooth eruption and infant growth to explain the theory of tooth emergence. This study aimed to investigate the association between infant growth during the first year of life and the emergence of the permanent teeth. Methods A random sample of 668, 12-year-old students was recruited from a birth cohort. Erupted permanent tooth number was recorded. The association of infant growth (growth trajectories and growth rates) and permanent tooth emergence was examined through logistic regression analyses. The regression model was adjusted by potential confounders including gender, gestational age, mode of delivery, type of feeding, parental education, and health status. Results The response rate was 76.9% (n = 514). Two hundred and forty-five (47.7%) children had all 28 permanent teeth erupted. Infants who had higher birth weight z-scores and those who had grown slowly during the first three months of life were more likely to have complete permanent teeth emergence at their 12-year-old in both unadjusted (p < 0.01) and adjusted model (adjusted for gender, gestational age, mode of delivery, type of feeding, parental education, and health status, p < 0.01). However, no significant association was found between the growth trajectories and permanent tooth emergence in either unadjusted or adjusted models (p > 0.05). Conclusion Birth weight and infant growth during the first three months of life might be associated with permanent tooth emergence at their 12 years of age. This association may be applied in the assessment of risk for dental caries or malocclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ming Wong
- Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Si-Min Peng
- Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Colman P J McGrath
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Cattaneo A, Cattane N, Malpighi C, Czamara D, Suarez A, Mariani N, Kajantie E, Luoni A, Eriksson JG, Lahti J, Mondelli V, Dazzan P, Räikkönen K, Binder EB, Riva MA, Pariante CM. FoxO1, A2M, and TGF-β1: three novel genes predicting depression in gene X environment interactions are identified using cross-species and cross-tissues transcriptomic and miRNomic analyses. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:2192-2208. [PMID: 29302075 PMCID: PMC6283860 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-017-0002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To date, gene-environment (GxE) interaction studies in depression have been limited to hypothesis-based candidate genes, since genome-wide (GWAS)-based GxE interaction studies would require enormous datasets with genetics, environmental, and clinical variables. We used a novel, cross-species and cross-tissues "omics" approach to identify genes predicting depression in response to stress in GxE interactions. We integrated the transcriptome and miRNome profiles from the hippocampus of adult rats exposed to prenatal stress (PNS) with transcriptome data obtained from blood mRNA of adult humans exposed to early life trauma, using a stringent statistical analyses pathway. Network analysis of the integrated gene lists identified the Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), Alpha-2-Macroglobulin (A2M), and Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1) as candidates to be tested for GxE interactions, in two GWAS samples of adults either with a range of childhood traumatic experiences (Grady Study Project, Atlanta, USA) or with separation from parents in childhood only (Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, Finland). After correction for multiple testing, a meta-analysis across both samples confirmed six FoxO1 SNPs showing significant GxE interactions with early life emotional stress in predicting depressive symptoms. Moreover, in vitro experiments in a human hippocampal progenitor cell line confirmed a functional role of FoxO1 in stress responsivity. In secondary analyses, A2M and TGF-β1 showed significant GxE interactions with emotional, physical, and sexual abuse in the Grady Study. We therefore provide a successful 'hypothesis-free' approach for the identification and prioritization of candidate genes for GxE interaction studies that can be investigated in GWAS datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Cattaneo
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK. .,Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli S. Giovanni di Dio, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Nadia Cattane
- grid.419422.8Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli S. Giovanni di Dio, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Malpighi
- grid.419422.8Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli S. Giovanni di Dio, Brescia, Italy
| | - Darina Czamara
- 0000 0000 9497 5095grid.419548.5Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Suarez
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicole Mariani
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cStress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Eero Kajantie
- 0000 0001 1013 0499grid.14758.3fNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland ,0000 0004 0409 6302grid.428673.cFolkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland ,0000 0001 1013 0499grid.14758.3fNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland ,0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alessia Luoni
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- 0000 0001 1013 0499grid.14758.3fNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland ,0000 0000 9950 5666grid.15485.3dHospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,0000 0004 4685 4917grid.412326.0PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,0000 0004 0409 6302grid.428673.cFolkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland ,0000 0001 1013 0499grid.14758.3fNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland ,Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cStress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Paola Dazzan
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabeth B. Binder
- 0000 0000 9497 5095grid.419548.5Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany ,0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Marco A. Riva
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmine M. Pariante
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cStress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK
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Arabin B, Baschat AA. Pregnancy: An Underutilized Window of Opportunity to Improve Long-term Maternal and Infant Health-An Appeal for Continuous Family Care and Interdisciplinary Communication. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:69. [PMID: 28451583 PMCID: PMC5389980 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiologic adaptations during pregnancy unmask a woman's predisposition to diseases. Complications are increasingly predicted by first-trimester algorithms, amplify a pre-existing maternal phenotype and accelerate risks for chronic diseases in the offspring up to adulthood (Barker hypothesis). Recent evidence suggests that vice versa, pregnancy diseases also indicate maternal and even grandparent's risks for chronic diseases (reverse Barker hypothesis). Pub-Med and Embase were reviewed for Mesh terms "fetal programming" and "pregnancy complications combined with maternal disease" until January 2017. Studies linking pregnancy complications to future cardiovascular, metabolic, and thrombotic risks for mother and offspring were reviewed. Women with a history of miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, obesity, excessive gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, subfertility, and thrombophilia more frequently demonstrate with echocardiographic abnormalities, higher fasting insulin, deviating lipids or clotting factors and show defective endothelial function. Thrombophilia hints to thrombotic risks in later life. Pregnancy abnormalities correlate with future cardiovascular and metabolic complications and earlier mortality. Conversely, women with a normal pregnancy have lower rates of subsequent diseases than the general female population creating the term: "Pregnancy as a window for future health." Although the placenta works as a gatekeeper, many pregnancy complications may lead to sickness and earlier death in later life when the child becomes an adult. The epigenetic mechanisms and the mismatch between pre- and postnatal life have created the term "fetal origin of adult disease." Up to now, the impact of cardiovascular, metabolic, or thrombotic risk profiles has been investigated separately for mother and child. In this manuscript, we strive to illustrate the consequences for both, fetus and mother within a cohesive perspective and thus try to demonstrate the complex interrelationship of genetics and epigenetics for long-term health of societies and future generations. Maternal-fetal medicine specialists should have a key role in the prevention of non-communicable diseases by implementing a framework for patient consultation and interdisciplinary networks. Health-care providers and policy makers should increasingly invest in a stratified primary prevention and follow-up to reduce the increasing number of manifest cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and to prevent waste of health-care resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Arabin
- Center for Mother and Child, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- Clara Angela Foundation, Witten, Germany
| | - Ahmet A. Baschat
- Clara Angela Foundation, Witten, Germany
- Center for Fetal Therapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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7
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Ollila HM, Kettunen J, Pietiläinen O, Aho V, Silander K, Kronholm E, Perola M, Lahti J, Räikkönen K, Widen E, Palotie A, Eriksson JG, Partonen T, Kaprio J, Salomaa V, Raitakari O, Lehtimäki T, Sallinen M, Härmä M, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Paunio T. Genome-wide association study of sleep duration in the Finnish population. J Sleep Res 2014; 23:609-618. [PMID: 25109461 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sleep duration is genetically regulated, but the genetic variants are largely unknown. We aimed to identify such genes using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) combined with RNA expression at the population level, and with experimental verification. A GWAS was performed in a Finnish sample (n = 1941), and variants with suggestive association (P < 5 × 10(-5) ) were tested in a follow-up sample from the same population with sleep duration (n = 6834) and time in bed (n = 1720). Variants with pointwise association of P < 0.05 in the follow-up sample were analysed further. First, we correlated genotypes with transcript expression levels with sleep duration (n = 207). The expression levels of significant transcripts were further studied in experimental sleep restriction. Of the 31 variants with P < 5 × 10(-5) in the discovery sample, three variants showed nominal allelic association (P < 0.05) in the follow-up sample: rs10914351, near PTPRU (P = 0.049), rs1037079 in PCDH7-CENTD1 (P = 0.011) and rs2031573 near KLF6 (P = 0.044). The risk alleles for shorter sleep (rs2031573 and rs1037079) were also associated with higher KLF6 and PCDH7 expression levels (P < 0.05). Experimental sleep restriction increased the expression of KLF6 (P < 0.01). These data suggest that rs2031573 near KLF6 or related loci and rs1037079 between PCDH7-CENTD1 or related loci may contribute to the regulation of sleep duration via gene expression. These results illustrate the utility of combining different analytical approaches to identify genetic determinants for traits related to sleep physiology. However, additional studies are needed in order to understand the roles of KLF6 and PCDH7 in sleep regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Ollila
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vilma Aho
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Silander
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Kronholm
- Population Studies Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.,Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Tampere University School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikael Sallinen
- Working Hours, Alertness and Professional Traffic Team, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Härmä
- Working Hours, Alertness and Professional Traffic Team, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tiina Paunio
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Hyland ME, Jeffery AN, Wilkin TJ. A biological, latent variable model of health (EarlyBird 68). Brain Behav Immun 2014; 40:104-9. [PMID: 24607661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether factor analysis of a set of health-related biomarkers provides evidence of an underlying common dimension of variation, and to explore the relationship between this dimension of variation with positive and negative affect. METHOD Twelve health-related metabolic, immune and body-composition biomarkers at ages 5, 7, 9, 11, 14 and 16years were obtained from the EarlyBird longitudinal cohort of 347 children and supplemented by positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) measured at age 16years. RESULTS At each age, principal factor analysis revealed that nine of the 12 biomarkers consistently loaded on the first extracted factor, accounting for 25% of the variance at age 5, and 37-44% of the variance at 7-16years. High loading biomarkers included physical indicators of adiposity, insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Factor scores at different ages correlated between .48 and .85. Correlations between the first factor scores and mood measured at age 16 were r=-.17 (p=.02) for PA and r=.13 (p=.07) for NA. CONCLUSIONS There is a latent variable, h, that accounts for about a third of the variance of a set of health related physical and biochemical biomarkers. h is comparatively stable during childhood and is a weak predictor of mood. These data provide a rationale for aggregating biomarkers in psychoneuroimmunological research. The concept of h provides a possible biological rationale for the role of common factors in disease onset and progression, mental illness, and functional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison N Jeffery
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom
| | - Terence J Wilkin
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
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9
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Tiainen AMK, Männistö S, Lahti M, Blomstedt PA, Lahti J, Perälä MM, Räikkönen K, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG. Personality and dietary intake - findings in the Helsinki birth cohort study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68284. [PMID: 23874573 PMCID: PMC3715473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Personality traits are associated with health outcomes including non-communicable diseases. This could be partly explained by lifestyle related factors including diet. The personality traits neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are linked with resilience, meaning adaptability in challenging situations. Resilient people usually comply with favorable health behaviors. Objective Our objective was to explore the associations between food and nutrient intake, personality traits and resilience. Design A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to measure diet and the NEO-personality inventory to assess personality in 1681 subjects. Linear regression analysis was used to explore diet-personality associations and cluster analysis to define resilient and non-resilient personality profiles. Results Adjusting for age, education and energy intake, and applying Bonferroni corrections, openness in men was associated with higher vegetable (14.9 g/d for 1 SD increase in the personality score, PBonf <0.01) and lower confectionery and chocolate (−2.8 g/d, PBonf <0.01) intakes. In women, neuroticism was associated with lower fish (−4.9 g/d, PBonf <0.001) and vegetable (−18.9 g/d, PBonf <0.01) and higher soft drink (19.9 g/d, PBonf <0.001) intakes. Extraversion, in women, associated with higher meat (5.9 g/d, PBonf <0.05) and vegetable (24.8 g/d, PBonf<0.001) intakes, openness with higher vegetable (23.4 g/d, PBonf <0.001) and fruit (29.5 g/d, PBonf <0.01) intakes. Agreeableness was associated with a lower soft drink (−16.2 g/d, PBonf <0.01) and conscientiousness with a higher fruit (32.9 g/d, PBonf<0.01) intake in women. Comparing resilient and non-resilient subjects, we found resilience in women to be associated with higher intakes of vegetables (52.0 g/d, P<0.001), fruits (58.3 g/d, P<0.01), fish (8.6 g/d, P<0.01) and dietary fiber (1.6 g/d, P<0.01). Conclusion Personality traits are associated with dietary intake and especially subjects with resilient personality profiles had healthier dietary intakes. These associations were stronger in women than in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maija K Tiainen
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
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10
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Abstract
Environmental adversities in pre- and early postnatal life may have life-long consequences. Based upon a series of epidemiological and clinical studies and natural experiments, this review describes how the early life environment may affect psychological functions and mental disorders later in life. We focus on studies that have examined the associations of small body size at birth and prematurity as proxies of prenatal environmental adversity. We also review literature on materno-fetal malnutrition, maternal prenatal glycyrrhizin in licorice consumption and hypertension-spectrum pregnancy disorders as factors that may compromise the fetal developmental milieu and hence provide insight into some of the mechanisms that may underlie prenatal programming. While effects of programming mostly take place during the first 1000 days after conception, we finally present evidence from prospective studies suggesting that programming can occur also during later critical periods of development or 'windows of plasticity'. The studies may bear relevance for future prevention and intervention programs targeting the potentially modifiable environmental factors that will aid at promoting mental well-being and health of an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Hyland ME, Alkhalaf AM, Whalley B. Beating and insulting children as a risk for adult cancer, cardiac disease and asthma. J Behav Med 2012; 36:632-40. [PMID: 23054177 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-012-9457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of physical punishment for children is associated with poor psychological and behavioral outcomes, but the causal pathway is controversial, and the effects on later physical health unknown. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of asthma, cancer, and cardiac patients (150 in each category, 75 male) recruited from outpatient clinics and 250 healthy controls (125 male). All participants were 40-60 years old and citizens of Saudi Arabia, where the use of beating and insults is an acceptable parenting style. Demographic data and recalled frequency of beatings and insults as a child were assessed on an 8-point scale. Beating and insults were highly correlated (ρ = 0.846). Propensity score matching was used to control for demographic differences between the disease and healthy groups. After controlling for differences, more frequent beating (once or more per month) and insults were associated with a significantly increased risk for cancer (RR = 1.7), cardiac disease (RR = 1.3) and asthma (RR = 1.6), with evidence of increased risk for cancer and asthma with beating frequency of once every 6 months or more. Our results show that a threatening parenting style of beating and insults is associated with increased risk for somatic disease, possibly because this form of parenting induces stress. Our findings are consistent with previous research showing that child abuse and other early life stressors adversely affect adult somatic health, but provide evidence that the pathogenic effects occur also with chronic minor stress. A stress-inducing parenting style, even when normative, has long term adverse health consequences.
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12
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Verweij KJH, Yang J, Lahti J, Veijola J, Hintsanen M, Pulkki-Råback L, Heinonen K, Pouta A, Pesonen AK, Widen E, Taanila A, Isohanni M, Miettunen J, Palotie A, Penke L, Service SK, Heath AC, Montgomery GW, Raitakari O, Kähönen M, Viikari J, Räikkönen K, Eriksson JG, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Lehtimäki T, Martin NG, Järvelin MR, Visscher PM, Keller MC, Zietsch BP. Maintenance of genetic variation in human personality: testing evolutionary models by estimating heritability due to common causal variants and investigating the effect of distant inbreeding. Evolution 2012; 66:3238-51. [PMID: 23025612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Personality traits are basic dimensions of behavioral variation, and twin, family, and adoption studies show that around 30% of the between-individual variation is due to genetic variation. There is rapidly growing interest in understanding the evolutionary basis of this genetic variation. Several evolutionary mechanisms could explain how genetic variation is maintained in traits, and each of these makes predictions in terms of the relative contribution of rare and common genetic variants to personality variation, the magnitude of nonadditive genetic influences, and whether personality is affected by inbreeding. Using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from > 8000 individuals, we estimated that little variation in the Cloninger personality dimensions (7.2% on average) is due to the combined effect of common, additive genetic variants across the genome, suggesting that most heritable variation in personality is due to rare variant effects and/or a combination of dominance and epistasis. Furthermore, higher levels of inbreeding were associated with less socially desirable personality trait levels in three of the four personality dimensions. These findings are consistent with genetic variation in personality traits having been maintained by mutation-selection balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin J H Verweij
- Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology, and Queensland Statistical Genetics Laboratories, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston 4006, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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13
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Service SK, Verweij KJH, Lahti J, Congdon E, Ekelund J, Hintsanen M, Räikkönen K, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Widen E, Taanila A, Veijola J, Heath AC, Madden PAF, Montgomery GW, Sabatti C, Järvelin MR, Palotie A, Raitakari O, Viikari J, Martin NG, Eriksson JG, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Wray NR, Freimer NB. A genome-wide meta-analysis of association studies of Cloninger's Temperament Scales. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e116. [PMID: 22832960 PMCID: PMC3365256 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2012.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperament has a strongly heritable component, yet multiple independent genome-wide studies have failed to identify significant genetic associations. We have assembled the largest sample to date of persons with genome-wide genotype data, who have been assessed with Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory. Sum scores for novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence and persistence have been measured in over 11,000 persons collected in four different cohorts. Our study had >80% power to identify genome-wide significant loci (P<1.25 × 10(-8), with correction for testing four scales) accounting for ≥0.4% of the phenotypic variance in temperament scales. Using meta-analysis techniques, gene-based tests and pathway analysis we have tested over 1.2 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for association to each of the four temperament dimensions. We did not discover any SNPs, genes, or pathways to be significantly related to the four temperament dimensions, after correcting for multiple testing. Less than 1% of the variability in any temperament dimension appears to be accounted for by a risk score derived from the SNPs showing strongest association to the temperament dimensions. Elucidation of genetic loci significantly influencing temperament and personality will require potentially very large samples, and/or a more refined phenotype. Item response theory methodology may be a way to incorporate data from cohorts assessed with multiple personality instruments, and might be a method by which a large sample of a more refined phenotype could be acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Service
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K J H Verweij
- Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology and Psychiatric Genetics Laboratories, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - J Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Congdon
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Ekelund
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Finland National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland,Finland Vaasa Hospital District, Vaasa, Finland
| | - M Hintsanen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland,University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Kähönen
- University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland,Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - E Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Taanila
- Institute of Health Sciences, Public Health and General Practice, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - J Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - A C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - P A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - G W Montgomery
- Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology and Psychiatric Genetics Laboratories, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - C Sabatti
- Department of Health and Research Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA,Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M-R Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK,Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Oulu Finland
| | - A Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - J Viikari
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland,University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - N G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology and Psychiatric Genetics Laboratories, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - J G Eriksson
- Finland Vaasa Hospital District, Vaasa, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, Finland,Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - N R Wray
- Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology and Psychiatric Genetics Laboratories, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N B Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Gonda Center Room 3506, 695 Charles E Young Dr South, Box 951761, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. E-mail:
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14
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de Moor MHM, Costa PT, Terracciano A, Krueger RF, de Geus EJC, Toshiko T, Penninx BWJH, Esko T, Madden PAF, Derringer J, Amin N, Willemsen G, Hottenga JJ, Distel MA, Uda M, Sanna S, Spinhoven P, Hartman CA, Sullivan P, Realo A, Allik J, Heath AC, Pergadia ML, Agrawal A, Lin P, Grucza R, Nutile T, Ciullo M, Rujescu D, Giegling I, Konte B, Widen E, Cousminer DL, Eriksson JG, Palotie A, Peltonen L, Luciano M, Tenesa A, Davies G, Lopez LM, Hansell NK, Medland SE, Ferrucci L, Schlessinger D, Montgomery GW, Wright MJ, Aulchenko YS, Janssens ACJW, Oostra BA, Metspalu A, Abecasis GR, Deary IJ, Räikkönen K, Bierut LJ, Martin NG, van Duijn CM, Boomsma DI. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for personality. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:337-49. [PMID: 21173776 PMCID: PMC3785122 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2010.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2010] [Revised: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Personality can be thought of as a set of characteristics that influence people's thoughts, feelings and behavior across a variety of settings. Variation in personality is predictive of many outcomes in life, including mental health. Here we report on a meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) data for personality in 10 discovery samples (17,375 adults) and five in silico replication samples (3294 adults). All participants were of European ancestry. Personality scores for Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were based on the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Genotype data of ≈ 2.4M single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; directly typed and imputed using HapMap data) were available. In the discovery samples, classical association analyses were performed under an additive model followed by meta-analysis using the weighted inverse variance method. Results showed genome-wide significance for Openness to Experience near the RASA1 gene on 5q14.3 (rs1477268 and rs2032794, P=2.8 × 10(-8) and 3.1 × 10(-8)) and for Conscientiousness in the brain-expressed KATNAL2 gene on 18q21.1 (rs2576037, P=4.9 × 10(-8)). We further conducted a gene-based test that confirmed the association of KATNAL2 to Conscientiousness. In silico replication did not, however, show significant associations of the top SNPs with Openness and Conscientiousness, although the direction of effect of the KATNAL2 SNP on Conscientiousness was consistent in all replication samples. Larger scale GWA studies and alternative approaches are required for confirmation of KATNAL2 as a novel gene affecting Conscientiousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H M de Moor
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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15
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Merjonen P, Jokela M, Pulkki-Råback L, Hintsanen M, Raitakari OT, Viikari J, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Breastfeeding and offspring hostility in adulthood. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2012; 80:371-3. [PMID: 21968478 DOI: 10.1159/000324748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Räikkönen K, Seckl JR, Pesonen AK, Simons A, Van den Bergh BRH. Stress, glucocorticoids and liquorice in human pregnancy: programmers of the offspring brain. Stress 2011; 14:590-603. [PMID: 21875300 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2011.602147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A suboptimal prenatal environment may induce permanent changes in cells, organs and physiology that alter social, emotional and cognitive functioning, and increase the risk of cardiometabolic and mental disorders in subsequent life ("developmental programming"). Although animal studies have provided a wealth of data on programming and its mechanisms, including on the role of stress and its glucocorticoid mediators, empirical evidence of these mechanisms in humans is still scanty. We review the existing human evidence on the effects of prenatal maternal stress, anxiety and depression, glucocorticoids and intake of liquorice (which inhibits the placental barrier to maternal glucocorticoids) on offspring developmental outcomes including, for instance, alterations in psychophysiological and neurocognitive functioning and mental health. This work lays the foundations for biomarker discovery and affords opportunities for prevention and interventions to ameliorate adverse outcomes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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17
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Middeldorp CM, de Moor MHM, McGrath LM, Gordon SD, Blackwood DH, Costa PT, Terracciano A, Krueger RF, de Geus EJC, Nyholt DR, Tanaka T, Esko T, Madden PAF, Derringer J, Amin N, Willemsen G, Hottenga JJ, Distel MA, Uda M, Sanna S, Spinhoven P, Hartman CA, Ripke S, Sullivan PF, Realo A, Allik J, Heath AC, Pergadia ML, Agrawal A, Lin P, Grucza RA, Widen E, Cousminer DL, Eriksson JG, Palotie A, Barnett JH, Lee PH, Luciano M, Tenesa A, Davies G, Lopez LM, Hansell NK, Medland SE, Ferrucci L, Schlessinger D, Montgomery GW, Wright MJ, Aulchenko YS, Janssens ACJW, Oostra BA, Metspalu A, Abecasis GR, Deary IJ, Räikkönen K, Bierut LJ, Martin NG, Wray NR, van Duijn CM, Smoller JW, Penninx BWJH, Boomsma DI. The genetic association between personality and major depression or bipolar disorder. A polygenic score analysis using genome-wide association data. Transl Psychiatry 2011; 1:e50. [PMID: 22833196 PMCID: PMC3309491 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2011.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) remains controversial. Previous research has reported differences and similarities in risk factors for MDD and BD, such as predisposing personality traits. For example, high neuroticism is related to both disorders, whereas openness to experience is specific for BD. This study examined the genetic association between personality and MDD and BD by applying polygenic scores for neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness to both disorders. Polygenic scores reflect the weighted sum of multiple single-nucleotide polymorphism alleles associated with the trait for an individual and were based on a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for personality traits including 13,835 subjects. Polygenic scores were tested for MDD in the combined Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN-MDD) and MDD2000+ samples (N=8921) and for BD in the combined Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder and Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium samples (N=6329) using logistic regression analyses. At the phenotypic level, personality dimensions were associated with MDD and BD. Polygenic neuroticism scores were significantly positively associated with MDD, whereas polygenic extraversion scores were significantly positively associated with BD. The explained variance of MDD and BD, ∼0.1%, was highly comparable to the variance explained by the polygenic personality scores in the corresponding personality traits themselves (between 0.1 and 0.4%). This indicates that the proportions of variance explained in mood disorders are at the upper limit of what could have been expected. This study suggests shared genetic risk factors for neuroticism and MDD on the one hand and for extraversion and BD on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Middeldorp
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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Terracciano A, Esko T, Sutin AR, de Moor MHM, Meirelles O, Zhu G, Tanaka T, Giegling I, Nutile T, Realo A, Allik J, Hansell NK, Wright MJ, Montgomery GW, Willemsen G, Hottenga JJ, Friedl M, Ruggiero D, Sorice R, Sanna S, Cannas A, Räikkönen K, Widen E, Palotie A, Eriksson JG, Cucca F, Krueger RF, Lahti J, Luciano M, Smoller JW, van Duijn CM, Abecasis GR, Boomsma DI, Ciullo M, Costa PT, Ferrucci L, Martin NG, Metspalu A, Rujescu D, Schlessinger D, Uda M. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies common variants in CTNNA2 associated with excitement-seeking. Transl Psychiatry 2011; 1:e49. [PMID: 22833195 PMCID: PMC3309493 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2011.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The tendency to seek stimulating activities and intense sensations define excitement-seeking, a personality trait akin to some aspects of sensation-seeking. This trait is a central feature of extraversion and is a component of the multifaceted impulsivity construct. Those who score high on measures of excitement-seeking are more likely to smoke, use other drugs, gamble, drive recklessly, have unsafe/unprotected sex and engage in other risky behaviors of clinical and social relevance. To identify common genetic variants associated with the Excitement-Seeking scale of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, we performed genome-wide association studies in six samples of European ancestry (N=7860), and combined the results in a meta-analysis. We identified a genome-wide significant association between the Excitement-Seeking scale and rs7600563 (P=2 × 10(-8)). This single-nucleotide polymorphism maps within the catenin cadherin-associated protein, alpha 2 (CTNNA2) gene, which encodes for a brain-expressed α-catenin critical for synaptic contact. The effect of rs7600563 was in the same direction in all six samples, but did not replicate in additional samples (N=5105). The results provide insight into the genetics of excitement-seeking and risk-taking, and are relevant to hyperactivity, substance use, antisocial and bipolar disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Terracciano
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - T Esko
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,Estonian Biocenter, Tartu, Estonia
| | - A R Sutin
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M H M de Moor
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Meirelles
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G Zhu
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - T Tanaka
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - I Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - A Realo
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Allik
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - N K Hansell
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M J Wright
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - G W Montgomery
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - G Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J-J Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Friedl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - D Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - R Sorice
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - S Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - A Cannas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - K Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - J G Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - F Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - R F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Luciano
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and
| | - G R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - P T Costa
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N G Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A Metspalu
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,Estonian Biocenter, Tartu, Estonia
| | - D Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - D Schlessinger
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Uda
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur C Jaffe
- Division of General Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR, USA
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20
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Luciano M, Hansell NK, Lahti J, Davies G, Medland SE, Räikkönen K, Tenesa A, Widen E, McGhee KA, Palotie A, Liewald D, Porteous DJ, Starr JM, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Eriksson JG, Wright MJ, Deary IJ. Whole genome association scan for genetic polymorphisms influencing information processing speed. Biol Psychol 2010; 86:193-202. [PMID: 21130836 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Processing speed is an important cognitive function that is compromised in psychiatric illness (e.g., schizophrenia, depression) and old age; it shares genetic background with complex cognition (e.g., working memory, reasoning). To find genes influencing speed we performed a genome-wide association scan in up to three cohorts: Brisbane (mean age 16 years; N = 1659); LBC1936 (mean age 70 years, N = 992); LBC1921 (mean age 82 years, N = 307), and; HBCS (mean age 64 years, N =1080). Meta-analysis of the common measures highlighted various suggestively significant (p < 1.21 × 10⁻⁵) SNPs and plausible candidate genes (e.g., TRIB3). A biological pathways analysis of the speed factor identified two common pathways from the KEGG database (cell junction, focal adhesion) in two cohorts, while a pathway analysis linked to the GO database revealed common pathways across pairs of speed measures (e.g., receptor binding, cellular metabolic process). These highlighted genes and pathways will be able to inform future research, including results for psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Aging and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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21
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RÃIKKÃNEN KATRI, PESONEN ANUKATRIINA. Early life origins of psychological development and mental health. Scand J Psychol 2009; 50:583-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00786.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Schlotz W, Phillips DIW. Fetal origins of mental health: evidence and mechanisms. Brain Behav Immun 2009; 23:905-16. [PMID: 19217937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of fetal programming states that changes in the fetal environment during sensitive periods of organ development may cause long-lasting changes in the structure and functioning of these organs later in life and influence the risk for chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Fetal growth is a summary marker of the fetal environment and is reflected by relatively easy-to-obtain measures of size at birth such as birth weight. In the last two decades, a body of evidence emerged linking fetal growth with behavioural and mental health outcomes later in life. Cognitive functioning and behavioural problems in childhood, in particular inattention/hyperactivity, have been shown to be inversely related to fetal growth. Although results are mixed, risk for personality disorders and schizophrenia seems to be linked with fetal growth and adversity, while the evidence for mood disorders is weak. Vulnerability for psychopathology may also be influenced by prenatal adversity. There is evidence for associations of fetal growth with temperament in childhood as well as stress reactivity and distress. The associations of fetal growth with mental health later in life are potentially caused by specific prenatal factors such as maternal smoking, alcohol, toxins/drugs, nutrition, psychosocial stress and infection during pregnancy. The mechanisms likely involve changes in neurodevelopment and in the set point of neuroendocrine systems, and there is evidence that prenatal adversity interacts with genetic and postnatal environmental factors. Future studies should examine the effects of specific prenatal factors and attempt to disentangle genetic and prenatal environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolff Schlotz
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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