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Jobe NB, Franz NM, Johnston MA, Malone AB, Ruberto I, Townsend J, Will JB, Yule KM, Paaijmans KP. The Mosquito Fauna of Arizona: Species Composition and Public Health Implications. INSECTS 2024; 15:432. [PMID: 38921147 PMCID: PMC11203593 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Arizona is home to many mosquito species, some of which are known vectors of infectious diseases that harm both humans and animals. Here, we provide an overview of the 56 mosquito species that have been identified in the State to date, but also discuss their known feeding preference and the diseases they can (potentially) transmit to humans and animals. This list is unlikely to be complete for several reasons: (i) Arizona's mosquitoes are not systematically surveyed in many areas, (ii) surveillance efforts often target specific species of interest, and (iii) doubts have been raised by one or more scientists about the accuracy of some collection records, which has been noted in this article. There needs to be an integrated and multifaceted surveillance approach that involves entomologists and epidemiologists, but also social scientists, wildlife ecologists, ornithologists, representatives from the agricultural department, and irrigation and drainage districts. This will allow public health officials to (i) monitor changes in current mosquito species diversity and abundance, (ii) monitor the introduction of new or invasive species, (iii) identify locations or specific populations that are more at risk for mosquito-borne diseases, and (iv) effectively guide vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndey Bassin Jobe
- The Center for Evolution & Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (N.B.J.); (A.B.M.)
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
| | - Nico M. Franz
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
| | - Murray A. Johnston
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Adele B. Malone
- The Center for Evolution & Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (N.B.J.); (A.B.M.)
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
- Vector Control Division, Maricopa County Environmental Services Department, Phoenix, AZ 85009, USA; (J.T.); (J.B.W.)
| | - Irene Ruberto
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ 85007, USA;
| | - John Townsend
- Vector Control Division, Maricopa County Environmental Services Department, Phoenix, AZ 85009, USA; (J.T.); (J.B.W.)
| | - James B. Will
- Vector Control Division, Maricopa County Environmental Services Department, Phoenix, AZ 85009, USA; (J.T.); (J.B.W.)
| | - Kelsey M. Yule
- Biodiversity Knowledge Integration Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
| | - Krijn P. Paaijmans
- The Center for Evolution & Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (N.B.J.); (A.B.M.)
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
- Simon A. Levin Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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Mysorekar I, Michita R, Tran L, Bark S, Kumar D, Toner S, Jose J, Narayanan A. Zika Virus NS1 Drives Tunneling Nanotube Formation for Mitochondrial Transfer, Enhanced Survival, Interferon Evasion, and Stealth Transmission in Trophoblasts. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3674059. [PMID: 38106210 PMCID: PMC10723532 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3674059/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection continues to pose a significant public health concern due to limited available preventive measures and treatments. ZIKV is unique among flaviviruses in its vertical transmission capacity (i.e., transmission from mother to fetus) yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that both African and Asian lineages of ZIKV induce tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) in placental trophoblasts and multiple other mammalian cell types. Amongst investigated flaviviruses, only ZIKV strains trigger TNTs. We show that ZIKV-induced TNTs facilitate transfer of viral particles, proteins, and RNA to neighboring uninfected cells. ZIKV TNT formation is driven exclusively via its non-structural protein 1 (NS1); specifically, the N-terminal region (50 aa) of membrane-bound NS1 is necessary and sufficient for triggering TNT formation in host cells. Using affinity purification-mass spectrometry of cells infected with wild-type NS1 or non-TNT forming NS1 (pNS1ΔTNT) proteins, we found mitochondrial proteins are dominant NS1-interacting partners, consistent with the elevated mitochondrial mass we observed in infected trophoblasts. We demonstrate that mitochondria are siphoned via TNTs from healthy to ZIKV-infected cells, both homotypically and heterotypically, and inhibition of mitochondrial respiration reduced viral replication in trophoblast cells. Finally, ZIKV strains lacking TNT capabilities due to mutant NS1 elicited a robust antiviral IFN-λ 1/2/3 response, indicating ZIKV's TNT-mediated trafficking also allows ZIKV cell-cell transmission that is camouflaged from host defenses. Together, our findings identify a new stealth mechanism that ZIKV employs for intercellular spread among placental trophoblasts, evasion of antiviral interferon response, and the hijacking of mitochondria to augment its propagation and survival. Discerning the mechanisms of ZIKV intercellular strategies offers a basis for novel therapeutic developments targeting these interactions to limit its dissemination.
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Schutt WR, Conde JN, Mladinich MC, Himmler GE, Mackow ER. ZIKV induction of tristetraprolin in endothelial and Sertoli cells post-transcriptionally inhibits IFNβ/λ expression and promotes ZIKV persistence. mBio 2023; 14:e0174223. [PMID: 37707056 PMCID: PMC10653947 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01742-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Our findings define a novel role for ZIKV-induced TTP expression in regulating IFNβ/IFNλ production in primary hBMECs and Sertoli cells. These cells comprise key physiological barriers subverted by ZIKV to access brain and testicular compartments and serve as reservoirs for persistent replication and dissemination. We demonstrate for the first time that the ARE-binding protein TTP is virally induced and post-transcriptionally regulates IFNβ/IFNλ secretion. In ZIKV-infected hBMEC and Sertoli cells, TTP knockout increased IFNβ/IFNλ secretion, while TTP expression blocked IFNβ/IFNλ secretion. The TTP-directed blockade of IFN secretion permits ZIKV spread and persistence in hBMECs and Sertoli cells and may similarly augment ZIKV spread across IFNλ-protected placental barriers. Our work highlights the importance of post-transcriptional ZIKV regulation of IFN expression and secretion in cells that regulate viral access to protected compartments and defines a novel mechanism of ZIKV-regulated IFN responses which may facilitate neurovirulence and sexual transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Schutt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jonas N. Conde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Megan C. Mladinich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Grace E. Himmler
- Center for Infectious Disease, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Erich R. Mackow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Shariff S, Kantawala B, Hamiidah N, Yadav T, Nazir A, Uwishema O. Zika virus disease: an alarming situation resurfacing on the radar - a short communication. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:5294-5296. [PMID: 37811053 PMCID: PMC10553178 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/introduction On the 13th of December 2022, a 5-year-old girl from Karnataka, India, tested positive for Zika virus. The first Zika virus was isolated from the serum of a rhesus monkey in the Zika Forest of Uganda in 1947. Zika virus was largely dormant for about 70 years before suddenly resurfacing across all of America, from Brazil to the Pacific Islands and is connected to a grouping of microcephaly phenotypes based on a complete virus genome analysis. All of the aforementioned research provides an overview of the migration of this virus from the Americas to continental Africa via mosquitoes. The current study, therefore, aims to evaluate the virologic characteristics, prophylaxis, transmitting mechanisms, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of ZIKV infection in light of the virus's widespread dissemination and deadly nature. Aim The investigation's findings aim to demonstrate that in order to prevent further outbreaks, there is a national requirement for active epidemiological and entomological observation of Zika. Materials and methods Data were extracted from academic journals of medicine published in MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Ovid, and Embase inventory databases with a predetermined search strategy. Articles considering the Zika virus and its clinical manifestations, especially neurological, were included. Results The Zika virus has been declared a public health emergency of global significance by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is of alarming concern that it is now one of the most prevalent infectious diseases associated with birth abnormalities discovered in the past five decades. The onset and accelerated spread of disease to other parts of the world is attributed to the migration of infected hosts and climate change. Rapid laboratory diagnosis, evaluation of serological techniques, and virus isolation are urgently needed, along with newer modalities such as mathematical modeling as prediction devices to curb this issue. Due to its grave neurological manifestations, it is mandated to engineer peptide therapies and a virus-specific vaccination to treat this neurotropic virus. Conclusion There is currently no vaccination against Zika virus infection. If societies are not adequately prepared, the epidemiological wave will have an impact on the workforce and could pose a serious threat. To alleviate the significant cost on health systems and manage its promotion globally, improved investigation and response activities are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanobar Shariff
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Burhan Kantawala
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Nakyanzi Hamiidah
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Lira University, Lira, Uganda
| | - Tularam Yadav
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi
| | - Abubakar Nazir
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Olivier Uwishema
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Clinton Global Initiative University, New York, New York, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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5
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Bacon A, Teixeira M, Costa V, Bone P, Simmons J, Drew J. Generation of a thermostable, oral Zika vaccine that protects against virus challenge in non-human primates. Vaccine 2023; 41:2524-2533. [PMID: 36894395 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the development of a thermally stable, orally administered, candidate Zika vaccine using human serotype 5 adenovirus (AdHu5). We engineered AdHu5 to express the genes for the envelope and NS1 proteins of Zika virus. AdHu5 was formulated using a proprietary platform, OraPro, comprising a mix of sugars and modified amino acids that can overcome elevated temperatures (37 C), and an enteric coated capsule that protects the integrity of the AdHu5 from the acid in the stomach. This enables the delivery AdHu5 to the immune system of the small intestine. We show that oral delivery of AdHu5 elicited antigen-specific serum IgG immune responses in a mouse model and in a non-human primate model. Importantly, these immune responses were able reduce viral counts in mice and to prevent detectable viraemia in the non-human primates on challenge with live Zika virus. This candidate vaccine has significant advantages over many current vaccines that are maintained in a cold or ultra-cold chain and require parenteral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bacon
- iosBio Ltd, Sovereign Business Park, Albert Dr, Burgess Hill RH15 9TY, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Teixeira
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos (CPDF), Laboratórios Temáticos - Bloco G3, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vivian Costa
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos (CPDF), Laboratórios Temáticos - Bloco G3, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Peter Bone
- iosBio Ltd, Sovereign Business Park, Albert Dr, Burgess Hill RH15 9TY, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Simmons
- iosBio Ltd, Sovereign Business Park, Albert Dr, Burgess Hill RH15 9TY, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Drew
- iosBio Ltd, Sovereign Business Park, Albert Dr, Burgess Hill RH15 9TY, United Kingdom.
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Vilhena LS, de Azevedo da Silva AC, Dias da Silva DM, Pinto DP, Coelho EF, de Araújo JFGM, da Silveira GPE, Pereira HM, da Silva LDSFV, Estrela Marins RDCE, Bortolini RG, Souza TML, Dos Santos VGV, de Assis Nascimento V, Amendoeira FC, da Fonseca LB. Development and validation of LC-MS/MS methods for the simultaneous quantification of sofosbuvir and its major metabolite (GS-331007) in blood plasma and cerebrospinal and seminal fluid: Application to a pilot clinical trial with a focus on Zika. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5606. [PMID: 36797051 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Zika still poses a threat to global health owing to its association with serious neurological conditions and the absence of a vaccine and treatment. Sofosbuvir, an anti-hepatitis C drug, has shown anti-Zika effects in animal and cell models. Thus, this study aimed to develop and validate novel LC-MS/MS methods for the quantification of sofosbuvir and its major metabolite (GS-331007) in human plasma and cerebrospinal (CSF) and seminal fluid (SF), and apply the methods to a pilot clinical trial. The samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction and separated using isocratic mode on Gemini C18 columns. Analytical detection was performed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source. The validated ranges for sofosbuvir were 0.5-2,000 ng/mL (plasma) and 0.5-100 ng/mL (CSF and SF), while for the metabolite they were 2.0-2,000 ng/mL (plasma), 5.0-200 ng/mL (CSF) and 10-1,500 ng/mL (SF). The intra-day and inter-day accuracies (90.8-113.8%) and precisions (1.4-14.8%) were within the acceptance range. The developed methods fulfilled all validation parameters concerning selectivity, matrix effect, carryover, linearity, dilution integrity, precision, accuracy and stability, confirming the suitability of the method for the analysis of clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Schiavo Vilhena
- Equivalence and Pharmacokinetics Laboratory (SEFAR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Medeiros Dias da Silva
- Equivalence and Pharmacokinetics Laboratory (SEFAR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Douglas Pereira Pinto
- Equivalence and Pharmacokinetics Laboratory (SEFAR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Estephane Fernandes Coelho
- Equivalence and Pharmacokinetics Laboratory (SEFAR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Heliana Martins Pereira
- Equivalence and Pharmacokinetics Laboratory (SEFAR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Rita de Cássia Elias Estrela Marins
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-580, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ghilosso Bortolini
- Equivalence and Pharmacokinetics Laboratory (SEFAR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Moreno L Souza
- Center for Technological Development in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane de Assis Nascimento
- Equivalence and Pharmacokinetics Laboratory (SEFAR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fábio Coelho Amendoeira
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Physiology, National Institute for Quality Assurance in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Laís Bastos da Fonseca
- Equivalence and Pharmacokinetics Laboratory (SEFAR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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7
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Rzymski P, Szuster-Ciesielska A, Dzieciątkowski T, Gwenzi W, Fal A. mRNA vaccines: The future of prevention of viral infections? J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28572. [PMID: 36762592 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against COVID-19 are the first authorized biological preparations developed using this platform. During the pandemic, their administration has been proven to be a life-saving intervention. Here, we review the main advantages of using mRNA vaccines, identify further technological challenges to be met during the development of the mRNA platform, and provide an update on the clinical progress on leading mRNA vaccine candidates against different viruses that include influenza viruses, human immunodeficiency virus 1, respiratory syncytial virus, Nipah virus, Zika virus, human cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus. The prospects and challenges of manufacturing mRNA vaccines in low-income countries are also discussed. The ongoing interest and research in mRNA technology are likely to overcome some existing challenges for this technology (e.g., related to storage conditions and immunogenicity of some components of lipid nanoparticles) and enhance the portfolio of vaccines against diseases for which classical formulations are already authorized. It may also open novel pathways of protection against infections and their consequences for which no safe and efficient immunization methods are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.,Integrated Science Association (ISA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szuster-Ciesielska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Willis Gwenzi
- Alexander von Humboldt Fellow & Guest Professor, Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Universität Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany.,Alexander von Humboldt Fellow & Guest Professor, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andrzej Fal
- Collegium Medicum, Warsaw Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Public Health, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Silva M, Tallman P, Stolow J, Yavinsky R, Fleckman J, Hoffmann K. Learning From the Past: The Role of Social and Behavior Change Programming in Public Health Emergencies. GLOBAL HEALTH: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022; 10:GHSP-D-22-00026. [PMID: 36041834 PMCID: PMC9426983 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-22-00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The contributions of social and behavior change research/programming in 6 recent epidemics highlight the importance of further integrating such expertise into outbreak response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Silva
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Paula Tallman
- Loyola University Department of Anthropology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeni Stolow
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Julia Fleckman
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kamden Hoffmann
- MOMENTUM Integrated Health Resilience, IMA World Health, Washington, DC, USA
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Kumar A, Kumar D, Jose J, Giri R, Mysorekar IU. Drugs to limit Zika virus infection and implication for maternal-fetal health. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2022; 2. [PMID: 37064602 PMCID: PMC10104533 DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2022.928599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the placenta has robust defense mechanisms that protect the fetus from a viral infection, some viruses can manipulate or evade these mechanisms and disrupt physiology or cross the placental barrier. It is well established that the Zika virus is capable of vertical transmission from mother to fetus and can cause malformation of the fetal central nervous system (i.e., microcephaly), as well as Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults. This review seeks to gather and assess the contributions of translational research associated with Zika virus infection, including maternal-fetal vertical transmission of the virus. Nearly 200 inhibitors that have been evaluated in vivo and/or in vitro for their therapeutic properties against the Zika virus are summarized in this review. We also review the status of current vaccine candidates. Our main objective is to provide clinically relevant information that can guide future research directions and strategies for optimized treatment and preventive care of infections caused by Zika virus or similar pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO-Kamand, Mandi, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joyce Jose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, State College, United States
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO-Kamand, Mandi, India
| | - Indira U. Mysorekar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- CORRESPONDENCE Indira U. Mysorekar,
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10
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AG129 Mice as a Comprehensive Model for the Experimental Assessment of Mosquito Vector Competence for Arboviruses. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080879. [PMID: 36015000 PMCID: PMC9412449 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses (an acronym for “arthropod-borne virus”), such as dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and Chikungunya, are important human pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes. These viruses impose a growing burden on public health. Despite laboratory mice having been used for decades for understanding the basic biological phenomena of these viruses, it was only recently that researchers started to develop immunocompromised animals to study the pathogenesis of arboviruses and their transmission in a way that parallels natural cycles. Here, we show that the AG129 mouse (IFN α/β/γ R−/−) is a suitable and comprehensive vertebrate model for studying the mosquito vector competence for the major arboviruses of medical importance, namely the dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Mayaro virus (MAYV), and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). We found that, after intraperitoneal injection, AG129 mice developed a transient viremia lasting several days, peaking on day two or three post infection, for all five arboviruses tested in this study. Furthermore, we found that the observed viremia was ample enough to infect Aedes aegypti during a blood meal from the AG129 infected mice. Finally, we demonstrated that infected mosquitoes could transmit each of the tested arboviruses back to naïve AG129 mice, completing a full transmission cycle of these vector-borne viruses. Together, our data show that A129 mice are a simple and comprehensive vertebrate model for studies of vector competence, as well as investigations into other aspects of mosquito biology that can affect virus–host interactions.
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11
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Park SL, Huang YJS, Vanlandingham DL. Re-Examining the Importance of Pigs in the Transmission of Japanese Encephalitis Virus. Pathogens 2022; 11:575. [PMID: 35631096 PMCID: PMC9146973 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is the leading cause of pediatric encephalitis in Southeast Asia. The enzootic transmission of JEV involves two types of amplifying hosts, swine and avian species. The involvement of pigs in the transmission cycle makes JEV a unique pathogen because human Japanese encephalitis cases are frequently linked to the epizootic spillover from pigs, which can not only develop viremia to sustain transmission but also signs of neurotropic and reproductive disease. The existing knowledge of the epidemiology of JEV largely suggests that viremic pigs are a source of infectious viruses for competent mosquito species, especially Culex tritaeniorhynchus in the endemic regions. However, several recently published studies that applied molecular detection techniques to the characterization of JEV pathogenesis in pigs described the shedding of JEV through multiple routes and persistent infection, both of which have not been reported in the past. These findings warrant a re-examination of the role that pigs are playing in the transmission and maintenance of JEV. In this review, we summarize discoveries on the shedding of JEV during the course of infection and analyze the available published evidence to discuss the possible role of the vector-free JEV transmission route among pigs in viral maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Lee Park
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (S.L.P.); (Y.-J.S.H.)
- Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Yan-Jang S. Huang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (S.L.P.); (Y.-J.S.H.)
- Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Dana L. Vanlandingham
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (S.L.P.); (Y.-J.S.H.)
- Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Zika Virus Induces Mitotic Catastrophe in Human Neural Progenitors by Triggering Unscheduled Mitotic Entry in the Presence of DNA Damage While Functionally Depleting Nuclear PNKP. J Virol 2022; 96:e0033322. [PMID: 35412344 PMCID: PMC9093132 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00333-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) leads with high frequency to congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZS), whose worst outcome is microcephaly. However, the mechanisms of congenital ZIKV neurodevelopmental pathologies, including direct cytotoxicity to neural progenitor cells (NPC), placental insufficiency, and immune responses, remain incompletely understood. At the cellular level, microcephaly typically results from death or insufficient proliferation of NPC or cortical neurons. NPC replicate fast, requiring efficient DNA damage responses to ensure genome stability. Like congenital ZIKV infection, mutations in the polynucleotide 5′-kinase 3′-phosphatase (PNKP) gene, which encodes a critical DNA damage repair enzyme, result in recessive syndromes often characterized by congenital microcephaly with seizures (MCSZ). We thus tested whether there were any links between ZIKV and PNKP. Here, we show that two PNKP phosphatase inhibitors or PNKP knockout inhibited ZIKV replication. PNKP relocalized from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in infected cells, colocalizing with the marker of ZIKV replication factories (RF) NS1 and resulting in functional nuclear PNKP depletion. Although infected NPC accumulated DNA damage, they failed to activate the DNA damage checkpoint kinases Chk1 and Chk2. ZIKV also induced activation of cytoplasmic CycA/CDK1 complexes, which trigger unscheduled mitotic entry. Inhibition of CDK1 activity inhibited ZIKV replication and the formation of RF, supporting a role of cytoplasmic CycA/CDK1 in RF morphogenesis. In brief, ZIKV infection induces mitotic catastrophe resulting from unscheduled mitotic entry in the presence of DNA damage. PNKP and CycA/CDK1 are thus host factors participating in ZIKV replication in NPC, and pathogenesis to neural progenitor cells. IMPORTANCE The 2015–2017 Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Brazil and subsequent international epidemic revealed the strong association between ZIKV infection and congenital malformations, mostly neurodevelopmental defects up to microcephaly. The scale and global expansion of the epidemic, the new ZIKV outbreaks (Kerala state, India, 2021), and the potential burden of future ones pose a serious ongoing risk. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms resulting in microcephaly remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that ZIKV infection of neuronal progenitor cells results in cytoplasmic sequestration of an essential DNA repair protein itself associated with microcephaly, with the consequent accumulation of DNA damage, together with an unscheduled activation of cytoplasmic CDK1/Cyclin A complexes in the presence of DNA damage. These alterations result in mitotic catastrophe of neuronal progenitors, which would lead to a depletion of cortical neurons during development.
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Intranasal Immunization with Zika Virus Envelope Domain III-Flagellin Fusion Protein Elicits Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses and Protection against Subcutaneous and Intravaginal Virus Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051014. [PMID: 35631599 PMCID: PMC9144594 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in humans are mainly transmitted by the mosquito vectors, but human-to-human sexual transmission is also another important route. Developing a ZIKV mucosal vaccine that can elicit both systemic and mucosal immune responses is of particular interest. In this study, we constructed a recombinant ZIKV envelope DIII (ZDIII) protein genetically fused with Salmonella typhimurium flagellin (FliC-ZDIII) as a novel mucosal antigen for intranasal immunization. The results indicated that the FliC-ZDIII fusion proteins formulated with E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTIIb-B5) adjuvant greatly increased the ZDIII-specific IgG, IgA, and neutralizing titers in sera, and the ZDIII-specific IgA titers in bronchoalveolar lavage and vaginal fluids. Protective immunity was further assessed by subcutaneous and intravaginal ZIKV challenges. The second-generation FliCΔD3-2ZDIII was shown to result in a reduced titer of anti-FliC IgG antibodies in sera and still retained the same levels of serum IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibodies and mucosal IgA antibodies without compromising the vaccine antigenicity. Therefore, intranasal immunization with FliCΔD3-2ZDIII fusion proteins formulated with LTIIb-B5 adjuvant elicited the greatest protective immunity against subcutaneous and intravaginal ZIKV challenges. Our findings indicated that the combination of FliCΔD3-2ZDIII fusion proteins and LTIIb-B5 adjuvant for intranasal immunization can be used for developing ZIKV mucosal vaccines.
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14
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Curry K, Chandler R, Kostas-Polston EA, Alexander I, Orsega S, Johnson-Mallard V. Recommendations for managing sexually transmitted infections: Incorporating the 2021 guidelines. Nurse Pract 2022; 47:10-18. [PMID: 35349512 DOI: 10.1097/01.npr.0000822528.27483.b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common and costly, with about 26 million STIs occurring each year in the US. Guidelines for the prevention and management of STIs are updated periodically. In 2021, the CDC updated its guidelines for the treatment of STIs. This article provides information on the most recent updates on managing STIs to help advanced practice nurses in their practice.
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15
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Villazana-Kretzer DL, Wuertz KM, Newhouse D, Damicis JR, Dornisch EM, Voss KM, Muruato AE, Paymaster JA, Schmiedecke SS, Edwards SM, Napolitano PG, Tisoncik-Go J, Ieronimakis N, Gale M. ZIKV can infect human term placentas in the absence of maternal factors. Commun Biol 2022; 5:243. [PMID: 35304593 PMCID: PMC8933440 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus infection can result in devastating pregnancy outcomes when it crosses the placental barrier. For human pregnancies, the mechanisms of vertical transmission remain enigmatic. Utilizing a human placenta-cotyledon perfusion model, we examined Zika virus exposure in the absence of maternal factors. To distinguish responses related to viral infection vs. recognition, we evaluated cotyledons perfused with either active or inactivated Zika virus. Active Zika virus exposure resulted in infection, cell death and syncytium injury. Pathology corresponded with transcriptional changes related to inflammation and innate immunity. Inactive Zika virus exposure also led to syncytium injury and related changes in gene expression but not cell death. Our observations reveal pathologies and innate immune responses that are dependent on infection or virus placenta interactions independent of productive infection. Importantly, our findings indicate that Zika virus can infect and compromise placentas in the absence of maternal humoral factors that may be protective. Villazana-Kretzer et al. compare histology, physiology and gene expression in cotyledons from term placentas perfused with either active or UV-inactivated Zika virus. They show that ZIKV can infect human term placentas in the absence of maternal factors and identify unique transcriptional responses to active ZIKA virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn McGuckin Wuertz
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Newhouse
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Damicis
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Elisabeth M Dornisch
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Voss
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Antonio E Muruato
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Paymaster
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Stacey S Schmiedecke
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Sarah M Edwards
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Peter G Napolitano
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas Ieronimakis
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA. .,Department of Clinical Investigation, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA.
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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16
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Anywaine Z, Lule SA, Hansen C, Warimwe G, Elliott A. Clinical manifestations of Rift Valley fever in humans: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010233. [PMID: 35333856 PMCID: PMC8986116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an emerging, neglected, mosquito-borne viral zoonosis associated with significant morbidity, mortality and expanding geographical scope. The clinical signs and symptoms in humans are non-specific and case definitions vary. We reviewed and analysed the clinical manifestations of RVF in humans. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis we searched on different dates, the Embase (from 1947 to 13th October 2019), Medline (1946 to 14th October 2019), Global Health (1910 to 15th October 2019), and Web of Science (1970 to 15th October 2019) databases. Studies published in English, reporting frequency of symptoms in humans, and laboratory confirmed RVF were included. Animal studies, studies among asymptomatic volunteers, and single case reports for which a proportion could not be estimated, were excluded. Quality assessment was done using a modified Hoy and Brooks et al tool, data was extracted, and pooled frequency estimates calculated using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Of the 3765 articles retrieved, less than 1% (32 articles) were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Nine RVF clinical syndromes were reported including the general febrile, renal, gastrointestinal, hepatic, haemorrhagic, visual, neurological, cardio-pulmonary, and obstetric syndromes. The most common clinical manifestations included fever (81%; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 69-91; [26 studies, 1286 patients]), renal failure (41%; 23-59; [4, 327]), nausea (38%; 12-67; [6, 325]), jaundice (26%; 16-36; [15, 393]), haemorrhagic disease (26%; 17-36; [16, 277]), partial blindness (24%; 7-45; [11, 225]), encephalitis (21%; 11-33; [4, 327]), cough (4%; 0-17; [4, 11]), and miscarriage (54%) respectively. Death occurred in 21% (95% CI 14-29; [16 studies, 328 patients]) of cases, most of whom were hospitalised. DISCUSSION This study delineates the complex symptomatology of human RVF disease into syndromes. This approach is likely to improve case definitions and detection rates, impact outbreak control, increase public awareness about RVF, and subsequently inform 'one-health' policies. This study provides a pooled estimate of the proportion of RVF clinical manifestations alongside a narrative description of clinical syndromes. However, most studies reviewed were case series with small sample sizes and enrolled mostly in-patients and out-patients, and captured symptoms either sparsely or using broad category terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacchaeus Anywaine
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- * E-mail:
| | - Swaib Abubaker Lule
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Hansen
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- MRC International Statistics & Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Warimwe
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- KEMRI WellcomeTrust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Alison Elliott
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
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17
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Major CG, Paz-Bailey G, Hills SL, Rodriguez DM, Biggerstaff BJ, Johansson M. Risk Estimation of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus-United States, 2016-2017. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1756-1764. [PMID: 33822107 PMCID: PMC10015296 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) can be transmitted sexually but the risk of sexual transmission remains unknown. Most evidence of sexual transmission is from partners of infected travelers returning from areas with ZIKV circulation. METHODS We used data from the US national arboviral disease surveillance system on travel- and sexually acquired ZIKV disease cases during 2016-2017 to develop individual-level simulations for estimating risk of male-to-female, male-to-male, and female-to-male sexual transmission of ZIKV via vaginal and/or anal intercourse. We specified parametric distributions to characterize individual-level variability of parameters for ZIKV persistence and sexual behaviors. RESULTS Using ZIKV RNA persistence in semen/vaginal fluids to approximate infectiousness duration, male-to-male transmission had the highest estimated probability (1.3% [95% confidence interval, CI, .4%-6.0%] per anal sex act), followed by male-to-female and female-to-male transmission (0.4% [95% CI, .3%-.6%] per vaginal/anal sex act and 0.1% [95% CI, 0%-.8%] per vaginal sex act, respectively). Models using viral isolation in semen vs RNA detection to approximate infectiousness duration predicted greater risk of sexual transmission. CONCLUSIONS While likely insufficient to maintain sustained transmission, the estimated risk of ZIKV transmission through unprotected sex is not trivial and is especially important for pregnant women, as ZIKV infection can cause severe congenital disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea G Major
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Gabriela Paz-Bailey
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Susan L Hills
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Dania M Rodriguez
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Brad J Biggerstaff
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael Johansson
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
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18
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Oeyen M, Meyen E, Noppen S, Claes S, Doijen J, Vermeire K, Süssmuth RD, Schols D. Labyrinthopeptin A1 inhibits dengue and Zika virus infection by interfering with the viral phospholipid membrane. Virology 2021; 562:74-86. [PMID: 34274562 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To date, there are no broad-spectrum antivirals available to treat infections with flaviviruses such as dengue (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). In this study, we determine the broad antiviral activity of the lantibiotic Labyrinthopeptin A1. We show that Laby A1 inhibits all DENV serotypes and various ZIKV strains with IC50 around 1 μM. The structurally related Laby A2 also displayed a consistent, but about tenfold lower, antiviral activity. Furthermore, Laby A1 inhibits many viruses from divergent families such as HIV, YFV, RSV and Punta Torovirus. Of interest, Laby A1 does not show activity against non-enveloped viruses. Its antiviral activity is independent of the cell line or the used evaluation method, and can also be observed in MDDC, a physiologically relevant primary cell type. Furthermore, Laby A1 demonstrates low cellular toxicity and has a more favorable SI compared to duramycin, a well-described lantibiotic with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Time-of-drug addition experiments demonstrate that Laby A1 inhibits infection and entry processes of ZIKV and DENV. We reveal that Laby A1 performs its broad antiviral activity by interacting with a viral factor rather than a cellular factor, and that it has virucidal properties. Finally, using SPR interaction studies we demonstrate that Laby A1 interacts with several phospholipids (i.e. PE and PS) present in the viral envelope. Together with other recent Labyrinthopeptin antiviral publications, this work validates the activity of Laby A1 as broad antiviral entry inhibitor with a unique mechanism of action and demonstrates its potential value as antiviral agent against emerging flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel Oeyen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eef Meyen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam Noppen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Claes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jordi Doijen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kurt Vermeire
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roderich D Süssmuth
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Strasse des 17. Juni 124/TC 2, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominique Schols
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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19
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Duarte G, Miranda AE, Bermudez XPD, Saraceni V, Martinez-Espinosa FE. Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: Zika virus infection. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2021; 54:e2020609. [PMID: 34008724 PMCID: PMC8210481 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-609-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This article addresses the vector, sexual and vertical transmissions of the Zika virus, a topic covered in the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. Although in Brazil Zika virus is transmitted more predominantly by Aedes aegypti, the vertical and sexual transmission routes are of significant importance for reproductive health. Sexual transmission demands specific prophylactic interventions, including the use of male or female condoms, especially among couples in a risk situation and planning pregnancy. Vertical transmission is linked to severe structural abnormalities of the central nervous system, and there is still no vaccine or known pharmacological resources that can prevent it. As the disease is predominantly asymptomatic, failure to comply with the basic principles of care and guidelines associated with the spread of the infection transcends the severity of the disease's symptoms. Although in Brazil Zika virus is predominantly transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, vertical and sexual transmission routes are important for reproductive health. Vertical transmission causes severe central nervous system structural abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo Duarte
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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20
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Sharma GT, Chandra V, Mankuzhy P, Thirupathi Y, Swain DK, Pillai H, Patel SK, Pathak M, Guttula S. Physiological implications of COVID-19 in reproduction: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 a key player. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:381-391. [PMID: 33731252 DOI: 10.1071/rd20274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in China, and it has quickly become a global threat to public health due to its rapid rate of transmission and fatalities. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as a receptor that mediates the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into human cells, as in the case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Several studies have reported that ACE2 expression is higher in Leydig, Sertoli and seminiferous ductal cells of males, as well as in ovarian follicle cells of females, suggesting possible potential pathogenicity of the coronavirus in the reproductive system. Higher ACE2 expression in the human placenta and reports of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among clinical cases have increased the relevance of further studies in this area. This review focuses on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the ACE2 receptor and speculates on the mechanistic interplay in association with male and female reproductive physiology. In addition, based on the available literature, we discuss the alleged sex differences in terms of the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, which is claimed greater among males, and further explore the physiological role of ACE2 and 17β-oestradiol for the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Taru Sharma
- Department of Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttarpradesh, India; and Corresponding author.
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Department of Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttarpradesh, India
| | - Pratheesh Mankuzhy
- Department of Physiology, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Lakkidi, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Yasotha Thirupathi
- Department of Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttarpradesh, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Swain
- Department of Physiology, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttarpradesh, India
| | | | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttarpradesh, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Department of Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttarpradesh, India
| | - SaiKumar Guttula
- Department of Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttarpradesh, India
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21
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Duarte G, Miranda AE, Bermúdez XPD, Saraceni V, Martínez-Espinosa FE. [Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: Zika virus infection]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e2020609. [PMID: 33729407 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-4974202100017.esp1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article addresses vector, sexual and vertical transmission of Zika virus, a topic covered in the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. Although in Brazil Zika virus is transmitted most predominantly by Aedes aegypti, the vertical and sexual transmission routes are of significant importance for reproductive health. Sexual transmission demands the use of specific prophylactic interventions, including the use of male or female condoms, especially among couples planning pregnancy. Vertical transmission is linked to severe structural abnormalities of the central nervous system and there is still no vaccine or known pharmacological resources that can prevent it. As the disease is predominantly asymptomatic, failure to comply with basic principles of care and guidelines related to the spread of infection transcends the severity of the symptoms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo Duarte
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Valeria Saraceni
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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22
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Sheng Z, Gao N, Fan D, Wu N, Zhang Y, Han D, Zhang Y, Tan W, Wang P, An J. Zika virus disrupts the barrier structure and Absorption/Secretion functions of the epididymis in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009211. [PMID: 33667230 PMCID: PMC7968736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that Zika virus (ZIKV) damages testis and leads to infertility in mice; however, the infection in the epididymis, another important organ of male reproductive health, has gained less attention. Previously, we detected lesions in the epididymis in interferon type I and II receptor knockout male mice during ZIKV infection. Herein, the pathogenesis of ZIKV in the epididymis was further assessed in the infected mice after footpad inoculation. ZIKV efficiently replicated in the epididymis, and principal cells were susceptible to ZIKV. ZIKV infection disrupted the histomorphology of the epididymis, and the effects were characterized by a decrease in the thickness of the epithelial layer and an increase in the luminal diameter, especially at the proximal end. Significant inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the epididymis accompanied by an increase in the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-28. The expression of tight junction proteins was downregulated and associated with disordered arrangement of the junctions. Importantly, the expression levels of aquaporin 1 and lipocalin 8, indicators of the absorption and secretion functions of the epididymis, were markedly reduced, and the proteins were redistributed. These events synergistically altered the microenvironment for sperm maturation, disturbed sperm transport downstream, and may impact male reproductive health. Overall, these results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of the male reproductive damage caused by ZIKV infection and the possible contribution of epididymal injury into this process. Therefore, male fertility of the population in areas of ZIKV epidemic requires additional attention. Unlike other mosquito-transmitted flaviviruses, ZIKV can persistently replicate in the male reproductive system and is sexually transmitted. ZIKV infection was reported to damage testis. However, ZIKV-induced epididymal injury was not investigated in detail. Clinically, epididymitis is closely associated with male infertility. In this study, a mouse model was used to demonstrate that ZIKV causes histomorphological and functional changes in the epididymis, which may alter the microenvironment of sperm maturation and movement and finally lead to male infertility. Therefore, long-term investigation of male reproductive health may be needed in the areas of ZIKV epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Sheng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Daishu Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weilong Tan
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peigang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PW); (JA)
| | - Jing An
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PW); (JA)
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Van Vo G, Bagyinszky E, Park YS, Hulme J, An SSA. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): Beginning to Understand a New Virus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1321:3-19. [PMID: 33656709 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59261-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Within the last two decades, several members of the Coronaviridae family demonstrated epidemic potential. In late 2019, an unnamed genetic relative, later named SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), erupted in the highly populous neighborhoods of Wuhan, China. Unchecked, COVID-19 spread rapidly among interconnected communities and related households before containment measures could be enacted. At present, the mortality rate of COVID-19 infection worldwide is 6.6%. In order to mitigate the number of infections, restrictions or recommendations on the number of people that can gather in a given area have been employed by governments worldwide. For governments to confidently lift these restrictions as well as counter a potential secondary wave of infections, alternative medications and diagnostic strategies against COVID-19 are urgently required. This review has focused on these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giau Van Vo
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Environment, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Eva Bagyinszky
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Environment, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - John Hulme
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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Gasco S, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. A Review on the Current Knowledge on ZIKV Infection and the Interest of Organoids and Nanotechnology on Development of Effective Therapies against Zika Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010035. [PMID: 33375140 PMCID: PMC7792973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) acquired a special relevance due to the pandemic that occurred in the Americas in 2015, when an important number of fetal microcephaly cases occurred. Since then, numerous studies have tried to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms and the potential therapeutic approaches to combat the virus. Cellular and animal models have proved to be a basic resource for this research, with the more recent addition of organoids as a more realistic and physiological 3D culture for the study of ZIKV. Nanotechnology can also offer a promising therapeutic tool, as the nanoparticles developed by this field can penetrate cells and deliver a wide array of drugs in a very specific and controlled way inside the cells. These two state-of-the-art scientific tools clearly provide a very relevant resource for the study of ZIKV, and will help researchers find an effective treatment or vaccine against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Gasco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain;
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular (HGUGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain;
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular (HGUGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, 28001 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28001 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-91-462-4684
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25
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Alomar AA, Eastmond BH, Alto BW. The effects of exposure to pyriproxyfen and predation on Zika virus infection and transmission in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008846. [PMID: 33201875 PMCID: PMC7707533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen that can cause global public health threats. In the absence of effective antiviral medications, prevention measures rely largely on reducing the number of adult mosquito vectors by targeting juvenile stages. Despite the importance of juvenile mosquito control measures in reducing adult population size, a full understanding of the effects of these measures in determining mosquito phenotypic traits and in mosquito-arbovirus interactions is poorly understood. Pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone analog that primarily blocks adult emergence, but does not cause mortality in larvae. This mechanism has the potential to work in combination with other juvenile sources of mortality in nature such as predation to affect mosquito populations. Here, we experimentally evaluated the effects of juvenile exposure to pyriproxyfen and predatory mosquito Toxorhynchites rutilus on Aedes aegypti phenotypes including susceptibility to ZIKV infection and transmission. We discovered that combined effects of pyriproxyfen and Tx. rutilus led to higher inhibition of adult emergence in Ae. aegypti than observed in pyriproxyfen or Tx. rutilus treatments alone. Adult body size was larger in treatments containing Tx. rutilus and in treatments mimicking the daily mortality of predation compared to control or pyriproxyfen treatments. Susceptibility to infection with ZIKV in Ae. aegypti was reduced in predator treatment relative to those exposed to pyriproxyfen. Disseminated infection, transmission, and titers of ZIKV in Ae. aegypti were similar in all treatments relative to controls. Our data suggest that the combination of pyriproxyfen and Tx. rutilus can inhibit adult Ae. aegypti emergence but may confer a fitness advantage in survivors and does not inhibit their vector competence for ZIKV relative to controls. Understanding the ultimate consequences of juvenile mosquito control measures on subsequent adults’ ability to transmit pathogens is critical to fully understand their overall impacts. Mosquito control approaches primarily depend on lowering the number of potential adult mosquito vectors by inhibiting juvenile stages to reduce the risk of pathogen transmission. Pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone analog that inhibits the emergence of adult mosquitoes by interrupting metamorphosis, but does not target larvae. This mechanism allows natural sources of mortality like predation to act in combination with pyriproxyfen to affect mosquito population size. Here, we determined the effects of juvenile exposure to pyriproxyfen and predatory mosquito Toxorhynchites rutilus on adult Aedes aegypti traits, including infection with Zika virus. Combined effects of pyriproxyfen and Tx. rutilus led to strong inhibition of adult emergence in Ae. aegypti. Treatments containing predators or those mimicking the daily mortality of predation produced larger sized adults. Susceptibility to ZIKV infection was lowest in the predator treatment and highest in the pyriproxyfen treatment. Disseminated infection, transmission, and viral titers of ZIKV were similar between treatments. Our data suggest that the combination of pyriproxyfen and predators can enhance inhibition of adult Ae. aegypti emergence, but survivors may have fitness benefits such being larger mosquitoes. Understanding the consequences of control approaches in mosquito-pathogen interactions will assist to evaluate their suitability in mosquito control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A. Alomar
- University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bradley H. Eastmond
- University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Barry W. Alto
- University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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de Souza AAA, Torres LR, Lima LRP, de Paula V, Barros JJ, Bonecini-Almeida MDG, Waghabi MC, Gardel MA, Meuser-Batista M, de Souza EM. Inhibition of Brazilian ZIKV strain replication in primary human placental chorionic cells and cervical cells treated with nitazoxanide. Braz J Infect Dis 2020; 24:505-516. [PMID: 33010209 PMCID: PMC7526660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is associated with a congenital syndrome. Although the virus can be detected in human placental tissue and sexual transmission has been verified, it is not clear how the virus reaches the fetus. Despite the emerging severity caused by ZIKV infection, no specific prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatment is available. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness antiviral of nitazoxanide (NTZ) in two important congenital transmission targets: (i) a primary culture of human placental chorionic cells, and (ii) human cervical epithelial cells (C33-A) infected with Brazilian ZIKV strain. Initially, NTZ activity was screened in ZIKV infected Vero cells under different treatment regimens with non-toxic drug concentrations for 48 h. Antiviral effect was found only when the treatment was carried out after the viral inoculum. A strong effect against the dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) was also observed suggesting the possibility of treating other Flaviviruses. Additionally, it was shown that the treatment did not reduce the production of infectious viruses in insect cells (C6/36) infected with ZIKV, indicating that the activity of this drug is also related to host factors. Importantly, we demonstrated that NTZ treatment in chorionic and cervical cells caused a reduction of infected cells in a dose-dependent manner and decreased viral loads in up to 2 logs. Pre-clinical in vitro testing evidenced excellent therapeutic response of infected chorionic and cervical cells and point to future NTZ activity investigation in ZIKV congenital transmission models with the perspective of possible repurposing of NTZ to treat Zika fever, especially in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrien A A de Souza
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lauana R Torres
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lyana R P Lima
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de Paula
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José J Barros
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria da Gloria Bonecini-Almeida
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/FIOCRUZ, Laboratório de Imunologia e Imunogenética em Doenças Infecciosas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Caldas Waghabi
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Gardel
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira/FIOCRUZ, Coordenação Diagnóstica de Anatomia Patológica e Citopatologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Meuser-Batista
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira/FIOCRUZ, Coordenação Diagnóstica de Anatomia Patológica e Citopatologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elen M de Souza
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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27
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Zhang N, Li C, Jiang S, Du L. Recent Advances in the Development of Virus-Like Particle-Based Flavivirus Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030481. [PMID: 32867194 PMCID: PMC7565697 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses include several medically important viruses, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). They have expanded in geographic distribution and refocused international attention in recent years. Vaccination is one of the most effective public health strategies for combating flavivirus infections. In this review, we summarized virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines against the above four mentioned flaviviruses. Potential strategies to improve the efficacy of VLP-based flavivirus vaccines were also illustrated. The applications of flavivirus VLPs as tools for viral detection and antiviral drug screening were finally proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naru Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; (N.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; (N.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Shibo Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (L.D.)
| | - Lanying Du
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (L.D.)
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28
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Blitvich BJ, Magalhaes T, Laredo-Tiscareño SV, Foy BD. Sexual Transmission of Arboviruses: A Systematic Review. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090933. [PMID: 32854298 PMCID: PMC7552039 DOI: 10.3390/v12090933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are primarily maintained in nature in transmission cycles between hematophagous arthropods and vertebrate hosts, but an increasing number of arboviruses have been isolated from or indirectly detected in the urogenital tract and sexual secretions of their vertebrate hosts, indicating that further investigation on the possibility of sexual transmission of these viruses is warranted. The most widely recognized sexually-transmitted arbovirus is Zika virus but other arboviruses, including Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and dengue virus, might also be transmitted, albeit occasionally, by this route. This review summarizes our current understanding on the ability of arboviruses to be sexually transmitted. We discuss the sexual transmission of arboviruses between humans and between vertebrate animals, but not arthropod vectors. Every taxonomic group known to contain arboviruses (Asfarviridae, Bunyavirales, Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Reoviridae, Rhabdoviridae and Togaviridae) is covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Blitvich
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-515-294-9861; Fax: +1-515-294-8500
| | - Tereza Magalhaes
- Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (T.M.); (B.D.F.)
| | - S. Viridiana Laredo-Tiscareño
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Brian D. Foy
- Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (T.M.); (B.D.F.)
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Identification of Estrogen Receptor Modulators as Inhibitors of Flavivirus Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00289-20. [PMID: 32482672 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00289-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses such as Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), and West Nile virus (WNV) are major global pathogens for which safe and effective antiviral therapies are not currently available. To identify antiviral small molecules with well-characterized safety and bioavailability profiles, we screened a library of 2,907 approved drugs and pharmacologically active compounds for inhibitors of ZIKV infection using a high-throughput cell-based immunofluorescence assay. Interestingly, estrogen receptor modulators raloxifene hydrochloride and quinestrol were among 15 compounds that significantly inhibited ZIKV infection in repeat screens. Subsequent validation studies revealed that these drugs effectively inhibit ZIKV, DENV, and WNV (Kunjin strain) infection at low micromolar concentrations with minimal cytotoxicity in Huh-7.5 hepatoma cells and HTR-8 placental trophoblast cells. Since these cells lack detectable expression of estrogen receptors-α and -β (ER-α and ER-β) and similar antiviral effects were observed in the context of subgenomic DENV and ZIKV replicons, these compounds appear to inhibit viral RNA replication in a manner that is independent of their known effects on estrogen receptor signaling. Taken together, quinestrol, raloxifene hydrochloride, and structurally related analogues warrant further investigation as potential therapeutics for treatment of flavivirus infections.
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30
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Tsetsarkin KA, Acklin JA, Liu G, Kenney H, Teterina NL, Pletnev AG, Lim JK. Zika virus tropism during early infection of the testicular interstitium and its role in viral pathogenesis in the testes. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008601. [PMID: 32614902 PMCID: PMC7331987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual transmission and persistence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the testes pose new challenges for controlling virus outbreaks and developing live-attenuated vaccines. It has been shown that testicular infection of ZIKV is initiated in the testicular interstitium, followed by spread of the virus in the seminiferous tubules. This leads to testicular damage and/or viral dissemination into the epididymis and eventually into semen. However, it remains unknown which cell types are targeted by ZIKV in the testicular interstitium, and what is the specific order of infectious events leading to ZIKV invasion of the seminiferous tubules. Here, we demonstrate that interstitial leukocytes expressing mir-511-3p microRNA are the initial targets of ZIKV in the testes, and infection of mir-511-3p-expressing cells in the testicular interstitium is necessary for downstream infection of the seminiferous tubules. Mir-511-3p is expressed concurrently with CD206, a marker of lineage 2 (M2) macrophages and monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs). Selective restriction of ZIKV infection of CD206-expressing M2 macrophages/moDCs results in the attenuation of macrophage-associated inflammatory responses in vivo and prevents the disruption of the Sertoli cell barrier in vitro. Finally, we show that targeting of viral genome for mir-511-3p significantly attenuates early ZIKV replication not only in the testes, but also in many peripheral organs, including spleen, epididymis, and pancreas. This incriminates M2 macrophages/moDCs as important targets for visceral ZIKV replication following hematogenous dissemination of the virus from the site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A. Tsetsarkin
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua A. Acklin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Guangping Liu
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Heather Kenney
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Natalia L. Teterina
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexander G. Pletnev
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jean K. Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
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31
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Arora HS. A to Z of Zika Virus: A Comprehensive Review for Clinicians. Glob Pediatr Health 2020; 7:2333794X20919595. [PMID: 32529004 PMCID: PMC7262985 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x20919595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first outbreak in 2007 in the Pacific (Yap islands and Federal States of Micronesia), Zika virus has gradually and recently spread to the Americas in 2015. The neurotropic character of the virus was first noted during this outbreak in Brazil in 2015. Increasing number of infants born with microcephaly and other congenital deformities were identified through studies that have highlighted the importance of prevention of transmission of Zika virus in pregnant women. Long-term outcomes in infants born with this infection are now better understood than at the time of onset of this outbreak. Topics covered in this review include the history, modes of transmission, diagnosis of suspected cases, pathophysiology, complications, and prevention of Zika virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harbir Singh Arora
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA.,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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32
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Rosenberg ES, Doyle K, Munoz-Jordan JL, Klein L, Adams L, Lozier M, Weiss K, Sharp TM, Paz-Bailey G. Prevalence and Incidence of Zika Virus Infection Among Household Contacts of Patients With Zika Virus Disease, Puerto Rico, 2016-2017. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:932-939. [PMID: 30544195 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the prevalence or incidence of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in settings affected by the 2015-2016 Zika pandemic and associated risk factors. We assessed these factors among household contacts of patients with ZIKV disease enrolled in a cohort study in Puerto Rico during 2016-2017. METHODS Household contacts of index case patients completed a questionnaire and gave specimens for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing to detect ZIKV infection. We measured the prevalence of ZIKV infection among contacts and associated individual and household factors, examined sexual transmission using a sexual-networks approach, and assessed incident infection among initially uninfected household contacts 2-4 months later. RESULTS Of 366 contacts, 34.4% had evidence of ZIKV infection at enrollment, including 11.2% by RT-PCR. Having open doors and windows that were either screened (prevalence ratio [PR], 2.1 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.2-3.6]) or unscreened (PR, 2.5 [95% CI, 1.5-4.1]) was associated with increased prevalence. Sexual partners were more likely to both be RT-PCR positive relative to other relationships (odds ratio, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.1-4.5]). At follow-up, 6.1% of contacts had evidence of incident infection. CONCLUSIONS This study identified sexual contact as a risk factor for ZIKV infection. Persons living with ZIKV-infected individuals should be a focus of public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli S Rosenberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, Rensselaer
| | - Kate Doyle
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jorge L Munoz-Jordan
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Liore Klein
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Tennessee
| | - Laura Adams
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Matthew Lozier
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Kevin Weiss
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tyler M Sharp
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Gabriela Paz-Bailey
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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33
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Cirne-Santos CC, de Souza Barros C, de Oliveira MC, Rabelo VWH, Azevedo RC, Teixeira VL, Ferreira DF, de Palmer Paixão ICN. In vitro Studies on The Inhibition of Replication of Zika and Chikungunya Viruses by Dolastane Isolated from Seaweed Canistrocarpus cervicornis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8263. [PMID: 32427940 PMCID: PMC7237426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of vaccines and antiviral treatment, along with the increasing number of cases of Zika virus (ZIKV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections, emphasize the need for searching for new therapeutic strategies. In this context, the marine brown seaweed Canistrocarpus cervicornis has been proved to hold great antiviral potential. Hence, the aim of this work was to evaluate the anti-ZIKV and anti-CHIKV activity of a marine dolastane isolated from brown seaweed C. cervicornis and its crude extract. Vero cells were used in antiviral assays, submitted to ZIKV and CHIKV, and treated with different concentrations of C. cervicornis extract or dolastane. The crude extract of C. cervicornis showed inhibitory activities for both ZIKV and CHIKV, with EC50 values of 3.3 μg/mL and 3.1 μg/mL, respectively. However, the isolated dolastane showed a more significant and promising inhibitory effect (EC50 = 0.95 µM for ZIKV and 1.3 µM for CHIKV) when compared to both the crude extract and ribavirin, which was used as control. Also, the dolastane showed a very potent virucidal activity against CHIKV and was able to inhibit around 90% of the virus infectivity at 10 μM. For the ZIKV, the effects were somewhat lower, although interesting, at approximately 64% in this same concentration. Further, we observed that both the extract and the dolastane were able to inhibit the replication of ZIKV and CHIKV at different times of addition post-infection, remaining efficient even if added after 8 hours post-infection, but declining soon after. A synergistic effect using sub-doses of the extract and isolates was associated with ribavirin, inhibiting above 80% replication even at the lowest concentrations. Therefore, this work has unveiled the anti-ZIKV and CHIKV potential of C. cervicornis crude extract and an isolated dolastane, which, in turn, can be used as a preventive or therapeutic strategy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cesar Cirne-Santos
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular e Biotecnologia Marinha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
| | - Caroline de Souza Barros
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular e Biotecnologia Marinha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Laboratório Produtos Naturais de Algas Marinhas (ALGAMAR), Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cavalcante de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular e Biotecnologia Marinha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Vitor Won-Held Rabelo
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular e Biotecnologia Marinha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Renata Campos Azevedo
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Departamento de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valeria Laneuville Teixeira
- Laboratório Produtos Naturais de Algas Marinhas (ALGAMAR), Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia e Taxonomia de Algas (LABIOTAL), Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Neotropical, Instituto de Biociencias, universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Davis Fernandes Ferreira
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Departamento de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Izabel Christina Nunes de Palmer Paixão
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular e Biotecnologia Marinha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
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Forero-Martínez LJ, Murad R, Calderón-Jaramillo M, Rivillas-García JC. Zika and women's sexual and reproductive health: Critical first steps to understand the role of gender in the Colombian epidemic. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020; 148 Suppl 2:15-19. [PMID: 31975403 PMCID: PMC7065174 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To describe the mechanisms of implementation of Zika virus diagnosis, prevention, and management guidelines in Colombia, and to characterize their influence on efforts to defend sexual and reproductive rights. Methods A qualitative study performed between February and April 2018 in three municipalities in Colombia. We conducted 30 semistructured interviews and five focus groups with key informants who played a role during the epidemic. These included decision‐makers, program coordinators, healthcare providers, pregnant women diagnosed with Zika virus, and members of affected communities. Results We identified barriers to and facilitators for the implementation of the national Zika virus response plan. Barriers included a lack of coordination between vector control efforts and in the realms of sexual and reproductive rights. Facilitators included healthcare providers’ response to the epidemic, the development of technical skills, and the establishment of coordination and referral networks across different institutions. Conclusion A multidimensional approach that considers healthcare services, gender issues, and the environment is crucial. We highlight the epidemic's effects on women's sexual and reproductive rights, mainly related to inequalities in sexual and reproductive health such as the increased risk of sexually transmitted infections experienced by the poorest and most vulnerable women. The Zika virus epidemic has different effects on women's and men's reproductive health. This calls for a multidimensional approach to the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocío Murad
- Asociación Profamilia, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
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Stone EF, Shaz BH. Zika virus and its implications on cord blood banking and transplantation. Transfusion 2020; 60:889-891. [PMID: 32208533 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood is an important cellular therapy product used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but the US Food and Drug Administration guidance regarding donor screening to reduce the risk of Zika transmission has decreased the number of licensed, eligible cord blood units available for transplantation. There is a crucial need for updated travel risk assessment for Zika virus transmission, validated screening tests for Zika virus in umbilical cord blood, and further research on Zika virus transmissibility due to umbilical cord blood products to ensure that umbilical cord blood and related tissues are safe and available for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth H Shaz
- New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA
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Harsh S, Fu Y, Kenney E, Han Z, Eleftherianos I. Zika virus non-structural protein NS4A restricts eye growth in Drosophila through regulation of JAK/STAT signaling. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm040816. [PMID: 32152180 PMCID: PMC7197722 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.040816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain a comprehensive view of the changes in host gene expression underlying Zika virus (ZIKV) pathogenesis, we performed whole-genome RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of ZIKV-infected Drosophila adult flies. RNA-seq analysis revealed that ZIKV infection alters several and diverse biological processes, including stress, locomotion, lipid metabolism, imaginal disc morphogenesis and regulation of JAK/STAT signaling. To explore the interaction between ZIKV infection and JAK/STAT signaling regulation, we generated genetic constructs overexpressing ZIKV-specific non-structural proteins NS2A, NS2B, NS4A and NS4B. We found that ectopic expression of non-structural proteins in the developing Drosophila eye significantly restricts growth of the larval and adult eye and correlates with considerable repression of the in vivo JAK/STAT reporter, 10XStat92E-GFP At the cellular level, eye growth defects are associated with reduced rate of proliferation without affecting the overall rate of apoptosis. In addition, ZIKV NS4A genetically interacts with the JAK/STAT signaling components; co-expression of NS4A along with the dominant-negative form of domeless or StatRNAi results in aggravated reduction in eye size, while co-expression of NS4A in HopTuml (also known as hopTum ) mutant background partially rescues the hop-induced eye overgrowth phenotype. The function of ZIKV NS4A in regulating growth is maintained in the wing, where ZIKV NS4A overexpression in the pouch domain results in reduced growth linked with diminished expression of Notch targets, Wingless (Wg) and Cut, and the Notch reporter, NRE-GFP Thus, our study provides evidence that ZIKV infection in Drosophila results in restricted growth of the developing eye and wing, wherein eye phenotype is induced through regulation of JAK/STAT signaling, whereas restricted wing growth is induced through regulation of Notch signaling. The interaction of ZIKV non-structural proteins with the conserved host signaling pathways further advance our understanding of ZIKV-induced pathogenesis.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Harsh
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- NYU Langone Health, Alexandria Center for Life Science, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yulong Fu
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System. Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Eric Kenney
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Zhe Han
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System. Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Ioannis Eleftherianos
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review considers recent evidence on travel-associated sexual intercourse and sexually transmitted infection (STI) risks and travel with regards to risk behavior and implications of travel on communities. It highlights the lack of research in this area and topics for consideration. RECENT FINDINGS A population-based study, and others, shows significant levels of sex abroad and risk behavior with inconsistent condom use despite increasing travel advice about risks. There is an increasing association of STIs in military personnel from local rather than deployment-associated sex contacts shown in United States and French studies, probably related to deployment of women. Innovative studies are showing the effect of female sex-tourism on the communities involved, and the sexual interaction and risk for tourism employees from tourists. New social networking apps require evaluation as to both their potential to increase and decrease risks. Travel sex continues to be a vector for the global spread of multidrug resistant gonorrhoeae. SUMMARY New research challenges previous perspectives with changes to risk behavior in the military, female sex tourism, the change in social networks and ongoing risk behavior research and evidence of increased cross-country partnerships. The lack of high-quality studies evaluating travel advice to reduce risk is a key area for future work.
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Braz-De-Melo HA, Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento G, Corrêa R, das Neves Almeida R, de Oliveira Santos I, Prado PS, Picolo V, de Bem AF, Pizato N, Magalhães KG. Potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects provided by omega-3 (DHA) against Zika virus infection in human SH-SY5Y cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20119. [PMID: 31882804 PMCID: PMC6984748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has a strong tropism for the nervous system and has been related to post-infection neurological syndromes. Once neuronal cells are infected, the virus is capable of modulating cell metabolism, leading to neurotoxicity and cellular death. The negative effect of ZIKV in neuron cells has been characterized. However, the description of molecules capable of reversing these cytotoxic effects is still under investigation. In this context, it has been largely demonstrated that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, is highly neuroprotective. Here, we hypothesized that DHA's neuroprotective proprieties could have an influence on ZIKV-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Our data showed that pre-treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with DHA increased the cell viability and proliferation in ZIKV-infected cells. Moreover, DHA triggered an anti-inflammatory response in those infected cells. Besides, DHA was capable of restoring mitochondria function and number in ZIKV-infected SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, cells pre-treated with DHA prior to ZIKV infection presented a lower viral load at different times of infection. Taking together, these results demonstrated that DHA has a potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect against ZIKV infection in these neuron-like cells and could be a useful tool in the treatment against this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloísa Antoniella Braz-De-Melo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), 70910-900, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Corrêa
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), 70910-900, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Raquel das Neves Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), 70910-900, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Igor de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), 70910-900, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sousa Prado
- Central Laboratory of Federal District (LACEN), 70830-010, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Victor Picolo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), 70910-900, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), 70910-900, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Pizato
- Department of Nutrition, University of Brasília (UnB), 70910-900, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), 70910-900, Brasilia, Brazil.
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Chien LC, Sy F, Pérez A. Identifying high risk areas of Zika virus infection by meteorological factors in Colombia. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:888. [PMID: 31651247 PMCID: PMC6814059 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks have occurred since October 2015. Because there is no effective treatment for ZIKV infection, developing an effective surveillance and warning system is currently a high priority to prevent ZIKV infection. Despite Aedes mosquitos having been known to spread ZIKV, the calculation approach is diverse, and only applied to local areas. This study used meteorological measurements to monitor ZIKV infection due to the high correlation between climate change and Aedes mosquitos and the convenience to obtain meteorological data from weather monitoring stations. METHODS This study applied the Bayesian structured additive regression modeling approach to include spatial interactive terms with meteorological factors and a geospatial function in a zero-inflated Poisson model. The study area contained 32 administrative departments in Colombia from October 2015 to December 2017. Weekly ZIKV infection cases and daily meteorological measurements were collected. Mapping techniques were adopted to visualize spatial findings. A series of model selections determined the best combinations of meteorological factors in the same model. RESULTS When multiple meteorological factors are considered in the same model, both total rainfall and average temperature can best assess the geographic disparities of ZIKV infection. Meanwhile, a 1-in. increase in rainfall is associated with an increase in the logarithm of relative risk (logRR) of ZIKV infection of at most 1.66 (95% credible interval [CI] = 1.09, 2.15) as well as a 1 °F increase in average temperature is significantly associated with at most 0.79 (95% CI = 0.12, 1.22) increase in the logRR of ZIKV. Moreover, after controlling rainfall and average temperature, an independent geospatial function in the model results in two departments with an excessive ZIKV risk which may be explained by unobserved factors other than total rainfall and average temperature. CONCLUSION Our study found that meteorological factors are significantly associated with ZIKV infection across departments. The study determined both total rainfall and average temperature as the best meteorological factors to identify high risk departments of ZIKV infection. These findings can help governmental agencies monitor at risk areas according to meteorological measurements, and develop preventions in those at risk areas in priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Chang Chien
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, School of Public Health, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
| | - Francisco Sy
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, School of Public Health, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Adriana Pérez
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-UTHealth, School of Public Health, Austin Campus, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX, 78071, USA
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Si L, Meng Y, Tian F, Li W, Zou P, Wang Q, Xu W, Wang Y, Xia M, Hu J, Jiang S, Lu L. A Peptide-Based Virus Inactivator Protects Male Mice Against Zika Virus-Induced Damage of Testicular Tissue. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2250. [PMID: 31611865 PMCID: PMC6777420 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) was a re-emerging arbovirus associated with Guillain–Barré Syndrome in adult and congenital Zika syndrome in fetus and infant. Although ZIKV was mainly transmitted by mosquito bites, many sexual transmission cases have been reported since the outbreak in 2015. ZIKV can persist in testis and semen for a long time, causing testicular tissue damage and reducing sperm quality. However, no drug has been approved for prevention or treatment of ZIKV infection, especially infection in male testicular tissue. Previously reported peptide Z2 could inactivate ZIKV, inhibiting ZIKV infection in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, Z2 could inhibit vertical transmission of ZIKV in pregnant mice, reducing ZIKV infection in fetus. Here we showed that intraperitoneally administered Z2 could also be distributed to testis and epididymis, resulting in the reduction of ZIKV RNA copies in testicular tissue and protection of testis and epididymis against ZIKV-induced pathological damage and poor sperm quality in type I interferon receptor-deficient A129 mice. Thus, Z2, a ZIKV inactivator, could serve as an antiviral agent for treatment of ZIKV infection and attenuation of ZIKV-induced testicular tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Si
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Xia
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Khan S, Lew I, Wu F, Fritts L, Fontaine KA, Tomar S, Trapecar M, Shehata HM, Ott M, Miller CJ, Sanjabi S. Low expression of RNA sensors impacts Zika virus infection in the lower female reproductive tract. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4344. [PMID: 31554802 PMCID: PMC6761111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune responses to Zika virus (ZIKV) are dampened in the lower female reproductive tract (LFRT) compared to other tissues, but the mechanism that underlies this vulnerability is poorly understood. Using tissues from uninfected and vaginally ZIKV-infected macaques and mice, we show that low basal expression of RNA-sensing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), or their co-receptors, in the LFRT contributes to high viral replication in this tissue. In the LFRT, ZIKV sensing provides limited protection against viral replication, and the sensors are also minimally induced after vaginal infection. While IFNα/β receptor signaling offers minimal protection in the LFRT, it is required to prevent dissemination of ZIKV to other tissues, including the upper FRT. Our findings support a role for RNA-sensing PRRs in the dampened innate immunity against ZIKV in the LFRT compared to other tissues and underlie potential implications for systemic dissemination upon heterosexual transmission of ZIKV in women.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Genitalia, Female/immunology
- Genitalia, Female/metabolism
- Genitalia, Female/virology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Macaca mulatta
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/immunology
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Pattern Recognition/genetics
- Receptors, Pattern Recognition/immunology
- Receptors, Pattern Recognition/metabolism
- Toll-Like Receptor 3/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 3/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 3/metabolism
- Vagina/immunology
- Vagina/metabolism
- Vagina/virology
- Virus Replication/genetics
- Virus Replication/immunology
- Zika Virus/genetics
- Zika Virus/immunology
- Zika Virus/physiology
- Zika Virus Infection/genetics
- Zika Virus Infection/immunology
- Zika Virus Infection/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzada Khan
- Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Irene Lew
- Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Frank Wu
- Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Linda Fritts
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Krystal A Fontaine
- Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Sakshi Tomar
- Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Martin Trapecar
- Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Hesham M Shehata
- Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Christopher J Miller
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Shomyseh Sanjabi
- Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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Zappas MP, Whitely C, Carter S. Global Travel: What to Know Before They Go. J Nurse Pract 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Managing sexually transmitted infections: Beyond the 2015 guidelines. Nurse Pract 2019; 43:28-34. [PMID: 29985197 DOI: 10.1097/01.npr.0000541464.23795.5b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Guidelines for the prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are updated periodically while new science is continuously developed. Advanced practice registered nurses implement clinical decisions based on current guidelines and evidence. This article provides recent updates on managing STIs.
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Almeida IMLMD, Ramos CV, Rodrigues DC, Sousa ACD, Nascimento MDLCAPCD, Silva MVBD, Batista FMA, Santos JPD, de Oliveira RS, Soares FADF, Xavier SCDC, Carvalho‐Costa FA. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of microcephaly in the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil, 2015‐2016. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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45
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Almeida IMLMD, Ramos CV, Rodrigues DC, Sousa ACD, Nascimento MDLCAPCD, Silva MVBD, Batista FMA, Santos JPD, Oliveira RSD, Soares FADF, Xavier SCDC, Carvalho-Costa FA. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of microcephaly in the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil, 2015-2016. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95:466-474. [PMID: 29963988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe aspects of the microcephaly epidemic in the state of Piauí. METHODS All cases of congenital microcephaly confirmed in the state between 2015 and 2016 were included (n=100). Investigation forms of the Regional Reference Center for Microcephaly were reviewed. Discarded cases (n=63) were used as a comparison group. RESULTS In October, November, and December 2015 incidence rates reached 4.46, 6.33 and 3.86/1000 live births, respectively; 44 cases were reported in the state capital. Among the mothers of confirmed and discarded cases, the frequency of skin rash during pregnancy was 50/97 (51.5%) and 8/51 (15.7%), respectively (p<0.001); 33 confirmed cases (35.9%) had a head circumference z-score between -2 and -3, 23 (25%) between -3 and -4, and 8 (8.7%) had a z-score of less than -4. Head computer tomography scans revealed calcifications in 78/95 (82.1%) cases. Lissencephaly, hydrocephalus and agenesis of the corpus callosum were also frequently observed. Ophthalmic findings included retinal pigment epithelium rarefaction and atrophy. Absence of otoacoustic emissions was observed in 21/70 cases. One newborn also presented lower limb muscle atrophy. There were no significant differences in vaccination rates for influenza, diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis, and hepatitis B in either group. CONCLUSIONS The state of Piauí, like others in the northeastern region, faced an epidemic of congenital microcephaly between 2015 and 2016, presumably related to congenital Zika virus infection, more intense in the capital. Current challenges include the improvement of vector control, basic research, scaling-up of diagnostic tools for pre-natal screening of Zika virus, vaccines, and health care for affected children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Viana Ramos
- Centro Regional de Referência Regional em Microcefalia/Governo do Estado do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Carvalho de Sousa
- Centro Regional de Referência Regional em Microcefalia/Governo do Estado do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jéssica Pereira Dos Santos
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Escritório Regional Fiocruz Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Escritório Regional Fiocruz Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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Esser-Nobis K, Aarreberg LD, Roby JA, Fairgrieve MR, Green R, Gale M. Comparative Analysis of African and Asian Lineage-Derived Zika Virus Strains Reveals Differences in Activation of and Sensitivity to Antiviral Innate Immunity. J Virol 2019; 93:e00640-19. [PMID: 31019057 PMCID: PMC6580957 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00640-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Asian lineage Zika virus (ZIKV) strains emerged to cause pandemic outbreaks associated with a high rate of congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZVS). The reasons for the enhanced spread and severe disease caused by newly emerging strains are not fully understood. Here we compared viral sequences, viral replication, and innate immune signaling induction of three different ZIKV strains derived from African and Asian lineages and West Nile virus, another flavivirus. We found pronounced differences in activation of innate immune signaling and inhibition of viral replication across ZIKV strains. The newly emerged Asian ZIKV strain Brazil Fortaleza 2015, which is associated with a higher rate of neurodevelopmental disorders like microcephaly, induced much weaker and delayed innate immune signaling in infected cells. However, superinfection studies to assess control of innate immune signaling induced by Sendai virus argue against an active block of IRF3 activation by the Brazilian strain of ZIKV and rather suggest an evasion of detection by host cell pattern recognition receptors. Compared to the Asian strain FSS13025 isolated in Cambodia, both ZIKV Uganda MR766 and ZIKV Brazil Fortaleza appear less sensitive to the interferon-induced antiviral response. ZIKV infection studies of cells lacking the different RIG-I-like receptors identified RIG-I as the major cytosolic pattern recognition receptor for detection of ZIKV.IMPORTANCE Zika Virus (ZIKV), discovered in 1947, is divided into African and Asian lineages. Pandemic outbreaks caused by currently emerging Asian lineage strains are accompanied by high rates of neurological disorders and exemplify the global health burden associated with this virus. Here we compared virological and innate immunological aspects of two ZIKV strains from the Asian lineage, an emerging Brazilian strain and a less-pathogenic Cambodian strain, and the prototypic African lineage ZIKV strain from Uganda. Compared to the replication of other ZIKV strains, the replication of ZIKV Brazil was less sensitive to the antiviral actions of interferon (IFN), while infection with this strain induced weaker and delayed innate immune responses in vitro Our data suggest that ZIKV Brazil directs a passive strategy of innate immune evasion that is reminiscent of a stealth virus. Such strain-specific properties likely contribute to differential pathogenesis and should be taken into consideration when choosing virus strains for future molecular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Esser-Nobis
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lauren D Aarreberg
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Justin A Roby
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marian R Fairgrieve
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard Green
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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McDonald EM, Duggal NK, Delorey MJ, Oksanish J, Ritter JM, Brault AC. Duration of seminal Zika viral RNA shedding in immunocompetent mice inoculated with Asian and African genotype viruses. Virology 2019; 535:1-10. [PMID: 31254742 PMCID: PMC7931630 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prior to the emergence of Asian genotype Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Western hemisphere, sexual transmission in humans was documented. Sexual transmission by African genotype ZIKVs has not been assessed in laboratory animal models, due to rapid and high mortality rates of immunodeficient mice following inoculation. To overcome these limitations, immunocompetent C57Bl/6 mice were used to longitudinally assess Asian and African genotype ZIKV sexual transmission potential. Furthermore, to determine if enhanced pathogenesis of African genotype ZIKVs is due to structural determinants, PRVABC59 prM/E was replaced with African MR766 prM/E (chimeric ZIKV). The African genotype and chimeric ZIKV elicited greater pathogenic effects in the male reproductive tract and generated higher viremias. Yet, the duration, magnitude and efficiency of seminal shedding of infectious virus and viral RNA were similar between chimeric-, African and Asian genotype ZIKV-inoculated mice. These data show that increased male reproductive tract pathology does not increase sexual transmission potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M McDonald
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nisha K Duggal
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mark J Delorey
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - James Oksanish
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jana M Ritter
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aaron C Brault
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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48
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Dowd KA, Pierson TC. The Many Faces of a Dynamic Virion: Implications of Viral Breathing on Flavivirus Biology and Immunogenicity. Annu Rev Virol 2019; 5:185-207. [PMID: 30265634 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-092917-043300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne RNA viruses that are a significant threat to global health due to their widespread distribution, ability to cause severe disease in humans, and capacity for explosive spread following introduction into new regions. Members of this genus include dengue, tick-borne encephalitis, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. Vaccination has been a highly successful means to control flaviviruses, and neutralizing antibodies are an important component of a protective immune response. High-resolution structures of flavivirus structural proteins and virions, alone and in complex with antibodies, provide a detailed understanding of viral fusion mechanisms and virus-antibody interactions. However, mounting evidence suggests these structures provide only a snapshot of an otherwise structurally dynamic virus particle. The contribution of the structural ensemble arising from viral breathing to the biology, antigenicity, and immunity of flaviviruses is discussed, including implications for the development and evaluation of flavivirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Dowd
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; ,
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; ,
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49
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Lei J, Vermillion MS, Jia B, Xie H, Xie L, McLane MW, Sheffield JS, Pekosz A, Brown A, Klein SL, Burd I. IL-1 receptor antagonist therapy mitigates placental dysfunction and perinatal injury following Zika virus infection. JCI Insight 2019; 4:122678. [PMID: 30944243 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy causes significant adverse sequelae in the developing fetus, and results in long-term structural and neurologic defects. Most preventive and therapeutic efforts have focused on the development of vaccines, antivirals, and antibodies. The placental immunologic response to ZIKV, however, has been largely overlooked as a target for therapeutic intervention. The placental inflammatory response, specifically IL-1β secretion and signaling, is induced by ZIKV infection and represents an environmental factor that is known to increase the risk of perinatal developmental abnormalities. We show in a mouse model that maternally administrated IL-1 receptor antagonist (IRA; Kineret, or anakinra), following ZIKV exposure, can preserve placental function (by improving trophoblast invasion and placental vasculature), increase fetal viability, and reduce neurobehavioral deficits in the offspring. We further demonstrate that while ZIKV RNA is highly detectable in placentas, it is not correlated with fetal viability. Beyond its effects in the placenta, we show that IL-1 blockade may also directly decrease fetal neuroinflammation by mitigating fetal microglial activation in a dose-dependent manner. Our studies distinguish the role of placental inflammation during ZIKV-infected pregnancies, and demonstrate that maternal IRA may attenuate fetal neuroinflammation and improve perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lei
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Meghan S Vermillion
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology
| | - Bei Jia
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Han Xie
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Li Xie
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael W McLane
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeanne S Sheffield
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda Brown
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Irina Burd
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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50
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Amaro F, Sánchez-Seco MP, Vázquez A, Alves MJ, Zé-Zé L, Luz MT, Minguito T, De La Fuente J, De Ory F. The Application and Interpretation of IgG Avidity and IgA ELISA Tests to Characterize Zika Virus Infections. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020179. [PMID: 30791664 PMCID: PMC6409741 DOI: 10.3390/v11020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the absence of viremia, the diagnostics of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections must rely on serological techniques. In order to improve the serological diagnosis of ZIKV, ZIKV-IgA and ZIKV-IgG avidity assays were evaluated. Forty patients returning from ZIKV endemic areas, with confirmed or suspected ZIKV infections were studied. Samples were classified as early acute, acute and late acute according to the number of days post illness onset. Low avidity IgG was only detected at acute and late acute stages and IgA mostly at the early acute and acute stages. The date of sampling provides useful information and can help to choose the best technique to use at a determined moment in time and to interpret low avidity IgG and IgA results, improving the serological diagnosis of ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Amaro
- European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), 17165 Solna, Sweden.
- National Centre for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - María P Sánchez-Seco
- National Centre for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain.
- Virored-Network for Emerging Viruses, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ana Vázquez
- National Centre for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain.
- Virored-Network for Emerging Viruses, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria J Alves
- Virored-Network for Emerging Viruses, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
- National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research 2965-575 Águas de Moura, Portugal.
| | - Líbia Zé-Zé
- National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research 2965-575 Águas de Moura, Portugal.
| | - Maria T Luz
- National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research 2965-575 Águas de Moura, Portugal.
| | - Teodora Minguito
- National Centre for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - Jesús De La Fuente
- National Centre for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - Fernando De Ory
- National Centre for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain.
- Virored-Network for Emerging Viruses, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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