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Kline CL, Suzuki T, Simmonite M, Taylor SF. Catatonia is associated with higher rates of negative affect amongst patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Schizophr Res 2024; 263:208-213. [PMID: 36114099 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Catatonia is a complex syndrome encompassing motor, behavioral, and affective symptoms seen in a significant proportion of patients with schizophrenia. There is growing evidence to suggest affective dysregulation is a salient feature of both catatonia and schizophrenia. To test the hypothesis of a linkage between affective dysregulation and catatonia in schizophrenia, we searched electronic medical records from 36,839 patients with schizophrenia, using anxiety and depression diagnoses as proxies for affective dysregulation. Catatonia was found in 4.7 % of the cohort. Analyses indicated that catatonia was significantly associated with both anxiety and depression co-morbidities: schizophrenia patients with catatonia were 1.71 times more likely to have anxiety and 1.80 times more likely to have depression than those without catatonia. Benzodiazepine usage was also 7.73 times more common in schizophrenia patients with a catatonia diagnosis than without that diagnosis. Taken together, the findings could be related to GABAergic dysfunction underlying schizophrenia, catatonia, and affective dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Kline
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Takakuni Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Molly Simmonite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stephan F Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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2
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Azargoonjahromi A. The role of epigenetics in anxiety disorders. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9625-9636. [PMID: 37804465 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders (ADs) are extremely common psychiatric conditions that frequently co-occur with other physical and mental disorders. The pathophysiology of ADs is multifaceted and involves intricate connections among biological elements, environmental stimuli, and psychological mechanisms. Recent discoveries have highlighted the significance of epigenetics in bridging the gap between multiple risk factors that contribute to ADs and expanding our understanding of the pathomechanisms underlying ADs. Epigenetics is the study of how changes in the environment and behavior can have an impact on gene function. Indeed, researchers have found that epigenetic mechanisms can affect how genes are activated or inactivated, as well as whether they are expressed. Such mechanisms may also affect how ADs form and are protected. That is, the bulk of pharmacological trials evaluating epigenetic treatments for the treatment of ADs have used histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), yielding promising outcomes in both preclinical and clinical studies. This review will provide an outline of how epigenetic pathways can be used to treat ADs or lessen their risk. It will also present the findings from preclinical and clinical trials that are currently available on the use of epigenetic drugs to treat ADs.
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Hernández-Sánchez LY, González-Trujano ME, Moreno DA, Vibrans H, Castillo-Juárez I, Dorazco-González A, Soto-Hernández M. Pharmacological evaluation of the anxiolytic-like effects of an aqueous extract of the Raphanus sativus L. sprouts in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114579. [PMID: 36989714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Raphanus sativus L. (Brassicaceae), commonly known as radish, is consumed worldwide as a vegetable. However, its benefits on mental health are unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate its anxiolytic-like effects and safety using different experimental models. An aqueous extract of R. sativus sprouts (AERSS) was pharmacologically evaluated by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) at 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg and orally (p.o.) at 500 mg/kg on behavior by using open-field and plus-maze tests. In addition, its acute toxicity (LD50) was determined by the Lorke's method. Diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and buspirone (4 mg/kg, i.p.) were the reference drugs. A significant and anxiolytic-like dosage of AERSS (30 mg/kg, i.p.) resembling the effects of reference drugs was chosen to explore the involvement of GABAA/BDZs site (flumazenil, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors (WAY100635, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) as a possible mechanism of action. A 500 mg/kg, p.o. dosage of AERSS produced an anxiolytic-like response equivalent to 100 mg/kg, i.p. No acute toxicity was observed since a LD50 > 2000 mg/kg, i.p. The phytochemical analysis allowed the identification and quantification of major presence of sulforaphene (2500 µM), sulforaphane (15 µM), iberin (0.75 µM), and indol-3-carbinol (0.75 µM), as major constituents. Both the GABAA/BDZs site and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors were involved in the anxiolytic-like activity of AERSS, depending on the pharmacological parameter or the experimental assay tested. Our results demonstrate that the anxiolytic activity of R. sativus sprouts involves GABAA/BDZs site and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors supporting its health benefits in the treatment of anxiety beyond the satisfaction of basic nutritional needs.
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Sharma P, Mathews DB, Nguyen QA, Rossmann GL, A Patten C, Hammond CJ. Old Dog, New Tricks: A Review of Identifying and Addressing Youth Cannabis Vaping in the Pediatric Clinical Setting. Clin Med Insights Pediatr 2023; 17:11795565231162297. [PMID: 36993933 PMCID: PMC10041590 DOI: 10.1177/11795565231162297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis vaping has emerged as a predominant mode of cannabis use among United States (US) adolescents and young adults (AYA) primarily due to the popularity of modifiable designs of vaping devices coupled with changes in cannabis policies and increased availability of cannabinoid products. New methods for cannabis vaping by e-liquid/oil vaping, dry plant vaping, and cannabis concentrate vaping (ie, dabbing) have had high uptake among American youth with unclear long-term health implications. Issues with contamination, mislabeling, and expansion of the vaped cannabis market to include not only delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) but also delta-9-THC analogs (eg, delta-8 and delta-10) sold as hemp-derived "legal highs" further complicated this healthcare space. Recent research suggests that cannabis/THC vaping carries distinct and overlapping risks when compared to cannabis smoking and may be associated with greater risk for acute lung injuries, seizures, and acute psychiatric symptoms. Primary care clinicians providing care for AYA are in an ideal position to identify cannabis misuse and intervene early to address cannabis vaping. To improve public health outcomes, a need exists for pediatric clinicians to be educated about different ways/methods that youth are vaping cannabinoid products and associated risks related to cannabinoid vaping. Further, pediatric clinicians need to be trained how to effectively screen for and discuss cannabis vaping with their youth patients. In the current article, we present a clinically focused review of cannabis vaping among young people with 3 main aims to: (1) identify and describe the cannabis vaping products commonly used by American youth; (2) review the health correlates of youth cannabis vaping; and (3) discuss clinical considerations related to identifying and treating youth who vape cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Sharma
- Behavioral Health Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI, USA
- Pravesh Sharma, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic Health System, 1221 Whipple St., Eau Claire, WI 54703, USA.
| | | | - Quang Anh Nguyen
- Behavioral Health Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Christi A Patten
- Behavioral Health Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Wikman A, Hovén E, Alvariza A, Lövgren M, Kreicbergs U, Skoglund C, Fransson E, Ljungman G, Ljung R, Ljungman L. Psychotropic medication use in parents of survivors of adolescent cancer: A register-based cohort study. Cancer Med 2022; 11:4341-4353. [PMID: 35474312 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to investigate psychotropic medication use in parents of survivors of adolescent cancer from the acute post-diagnostic phase and up to 2 years following the cancer diagnosis. METHODS This study had a nationwide register-based cohort design comparing psychotropic medication use in parents of adolescent survivors of cancer (n = 2323) to use in parents of cancer-free controls (n = 20,868). Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for cancer diagnostic group, parents' age, country of birth, education level, marital status and previous mental health problems estimated the risk of use from the time of the cancer diagnosis up to 2 years later. RESULTS During the first 6 months after the cancer diagnosis, both mothers and fathers had an increased risk of use of anxiolytics (mothers: HRadj 1.71, 95% CI 1.30-2.25; fathers: HRadj 1.57, 95% CI 1.10-2.45) and hypnotics/sedatives (mothers: HRadj 1.53, 95% CI 1.23-1.90; fathers: HRadj 1.32, 95% CI 1.00-1.75). For fathers with a prescription of psychotropic medication during the first 6 months after the cancer diagnosis, the risk remained increased after 6 months (HRadj 1.66, 95% CI 1.04-2.65). From 6 months after the cancer diagnosis, only the risk of antidepressant use among mothers was increased (HRadj 1.38, 95% CI 1.08-1.76). Risk factors included being divorced/widowed, born in a non-Nordic country, older age and having had previous mental health problems. CONCLUSION Our study results show that during the immediate post-diagnostic phase, mothers and fathers of survivors of adolescent cancer are at increased risk of use of anxiolytics and sedatives, whereas only mothers are at increased risk of antidepressant use from 6 months until 2 years after the diagnosis. Further, previous mental health problems were shown to be the strongest risk factor for psychotropic medication use in both mothers and fathers, pointing to the particular vulnerability of these parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wikman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Hovén
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anette Alvariza
- Department of Health Care Sciences/Palliative Research Centre, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Stockholm, Sweden.,Capio palliative Care, Dalen Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Lövgren
- Department of Health Care Sciences/Palliative Research Centre, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Stockholm, Sweden.,Advanced Pediatric Home Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Kreicbergs
- Department of Health Care Sciences/Palliative Research Centre, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Emma Fransson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Ljungman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rickard Ljung
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Ljungman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Metsä-Simola NS, Remes HM, Hiltunen EM, Martikainen PT. Changes in parents' psychotropic medication use following child's cancer diagnosis: A fixed-effects register-study in Finland. Cancer Med 2022; 11:3145-3155. [PMID: 35345057 PMCID: PMC9385598 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms of depression and anxiety are elevated among parents of children with cancer. However, knowledge of parents' psychotropic medication use following child's cancer diagnosis is scarce. METHODS We use longitudinal Finnish register data on 3266 mothers and 2687 fathers whose child (aged 0-19) was diagnosed with cancer during 2000-2016. We record mothers' and fathers' psychotropic medication use (at least one annual purchase of anxiolytics, hypnotics, sedatives, or antidepressants) 5 years before and after the child's diagnosis and assess within-individual changes in medication use by time since diagnosis, cancer type, child's age, presence of siblings, and parent's living arrangements and education using linear probability models with the individual fixed-effects estimator. The fixed-effects models compare each parent's annual probability of psychotropic medication use after diagnosis to their annual probability of medication use during the 5-year period before the diagnosis. RESULTS Psychotropic medication use was more common among mothers than fathers already before the child's diagnosis, 11.2% versus 7.3%. Immediately after diagnosis, psychotropic medication use increased by 6.0 (95% CI 4.8-7.2) percentage points among mothers and by 3.2 (CI 2.1-4.2) percentage points among fathers. Among fathers, medication use returned to pre-diagnosis level by the second year, except among those whose child was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma. Among mothers of children with a central nervous system cancer, medication use remained persistently elevated during the 5-year follow-up. For mothers with other under-aged children or whose diagnosed child was younger than 10 years, the return to pre-diagnosis level was also slow. CONCLUSIONS Having a child with cancer clearly increases parents' psychotropic medication use. The increase is smaller and more short-lived among fathers, but among mothers its duration depends on both cancer type and family characteristics. Our results suggest that an increased care burden poses particular strain to the long-term mental well-being of mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna M Remes
- Population Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina M Hiltunen
- Population Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka T Martikainen
- Population Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Laboratory of Public Health, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
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7
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Li M, Yuan J, Dezfuli C, Lu ZK. Impact of Medicare prescription drug (Part D) coverage expansion on utilisation and financial burden of benzodiazepines among older adults: an interrupted time series analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053717. [PMID: 34911718 PMCID: PMC8679099 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Benzodiazepines were excluded from Medicare Part D coverage since its introduction in 2006. Part D expanded coverage for benzodiazepines in 2013. The objective was to examine the impact of Medicare Part D coverage expansion on the utilisation and financial burden of benzodiazepines in older adults. DESIGN Interrupted time series with a control group. SETTING Nationally representative sample. PARTICIPANTS 53 150 468 users of benzodiazepines and 21 749 749 users of non-benzodiazepines (an alternative therapy) from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey between the pre-expansion (2006-2012) and post-expansion (2013-2017) periods. INTERVENTION Medicare Part D coverage expansion on benzodiazepines. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Annual rate of benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepines, average number of benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepines and average cost of benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepines. RESULTS After Medicare Part D coverage expansion, the level of the annual rate of benzodiazepines increased by 8.20% (95% CI: 6.07% to 10.32%) and the trend decreased by 1.03% each year (95% CI: -1.77% to -0.29%). The trend of the annual rate of non-benzodiazepines decreased by 0.72% each year (95% CI: -1.11% to -0.33%). For the average number of benzodiazepines, the level increased by 0.67 (95% CI: 0.52 to 0.82) and the trend decreased by 0.10 each year (95% CI: -0.15 to -0.05). For the average number of non-benzodiazepines, the level decreased by 0.11 (95% CI: -0.21 to -0.01) and the trend decreased by 0.04 each year (95% CI: -0.08 to -0.01). No significant level and trend changes were identified for the average cost of benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepines. CONCLUSIONS After Medicare Part D coverage expansion, there was a sudden increase in the utilisation of benzodiazepines and a decreasing trend in the long-term. The increase in the utilisation of benzodiazepines did not add a financial burden to older adults. As an alternative therapy, the utilisation of non-benzodiazepines decreased following the coverage expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chelsea Dezfuli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Z Kevin Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, Columbia, USA
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9
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Akhtar A, Pilkhwal Sah S. Advances in the pharmacotherapeutic management of post-traumatic stress disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1919-1930. [PMID: 34124975 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1935871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a mental disorder, is associated with anxiety, depression, and social awkwardness resulting from past traumatic episodes like natural disasters, accidents, terrorist attacks, war, rape, and sexual violence. It affects primarily the amygdala, cortex, and hippocampus where neurochemical changes result in altered behavior. PTSD patients display impaired fear extinction, and past events keep haunting them. The topic presents relevant sections like PTSD pharmacotherapy, associated challenges, and the novel targets and drugs for future research and therapy.Areas covered: The authors discuss the current pharmacotherapy like SSRIs, NDRIs, SNRIs, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and benzodiazepines, used to attenuate the associated symptoms. However, the primary focus being the novel and potential targets which can be explored better to understand possible future research and advanced therapy in PTSD. For the same, an account of both preclinical and clinical studies has been covered.Expert opinion: Excessive adverse effects, limited efficacy, and lower patient compliance are some of the major challenges with conventional drugs. Moreover, they correct only fewer symptoms without halting the disease progression. Several agents are investigated in different preclinical and clinical phases, which can potentially overcome the pitfalls and limitations associated with conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansab Akhtar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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10
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Ayyash AN. Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel
[1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazepine
Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020120192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Khan A, Akram M, Thiruvengadam M, Daniyal M, Zakki SA, Munir N, Zainab R, Heydari M, Mosavat SH, Rebezov M, Shariati MA. Anti-anxiety properties of selected medicinal plants. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1041-1060. [PMID: 33480339 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210122125131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of new drugs targeting anxiety treatment is a major concern worldwide. Medicinal plants are being used as a potential source of novel drugs for anxiety disorders. The objective of this review is to provide information about the healing outcomes of anxiety treatment with natural products. Valeriana officinalis, Citrus aurantium, Commelina benghalensis, Achyranthes aspera, Mimosa pudica, Achillea millefolium, Nymphaea alba, Leonurus cardiac, Camellia sinensis, Turnera aphrodisiaca, Crataegus oxyacantha and Piper methysticum showed promising effects on anxiety in animal models. In clinical studies, passion flower, kava, valerian, St John's wort, and ashwagandha showed the most positive results. More studies are needed for the exploration of the anti-anxiety of medicinal plants. In drugs derived from natural sources have explored many components that are playing an essential role in curing anxiety disorders and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmatullah Khan
- Department of Eastern Medicine, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha. China
| | - Shahbaz Ahmad Zakki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 9300194. Japan
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Rida Zainab
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Seyed Hamdollah Mosavat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V.M.Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food System of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow. Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G.Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (the First Cossack University), Moscow109004. Russian Federation
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12
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Blom AEM, Su JY, Repka LM, Reisman SE, Dougherty DA. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pyrroloindolines as Positive Allosteric Modulators of the α1β2γ2 GABA A Receptor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2204-2211. [PMID: 33214830 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors are key mediators of central inhibitory neurotransmission and have been implicated in several disorders of the central nervous system. Some positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of this receptor provide great therapeutic benefits to patients. However, adverse effects remain a challenge. Selective targeting of GABAA receptors could mitigate this problem. Here, we describe the synthesis and functional evaluation of a novel series of pyrroloindolines that display significant modulation of the GABAA receptor, acting as PAMs. We found that halogen incorporation at the C5 position greatly increased the PAM potency relative to the parent ligand, while substitutions at other positions generally decreased potency. Mutagenesis studies suggest that the binding site lies at the top of the transmembrane domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet E M Blom
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Justin Y Su
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lindsay M Repka
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sarah E Reisman
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Dennis A Dougherty
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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13
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Pradeep A, Geoji AS, George AE, Athira V, Chandrasekhar D, Xavier S, Narayanan J. Clinical management and outcome assessment of generalized anxiety disorder or panic disorder in refractory gastro-esophageal reflux disease: Evidence from a prospective interventional study of benzodiazepines and sertraline. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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14
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Paltian JJ, Dos Reis AS, de Oliveira RL, da Fonseca CAR, Domingues WB, Dellagostin EN, Campos VF, Kruger R, Alves D, Luchese C, Wilhelm EA. The anxiolytic effect of a promising quinoline containing selenium with the contribution of the serotonergic and GABAergic pathways: Modulation of parameters associated with anxiety in mice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112797. [PMID: 32649976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated the promising anxiolytic action of 7-chloro-4-(phenylselanyl) quinoline (4-PSQ) in mice. For this reason, the objective of this study was to expand our previous findings by investigating the contribution of serotoninergic and GABAergic systems to the anxiolytic action of this compound. Pretreatment with different serotoninergic antagonists (pindolol, WAY100635 and ketanserin) blocked the anxiolytic effect caused by 4-PSQ (50 mg/kg, per oral) in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. The contribution of the GABAergic system was investigated by pretreatment with pentylenetetrazole (a GABAA receptor antagonist) (PTZ). 4-PSQ diminished the PTZ-induced anxiety, and did not modify the locomotor, exploratory and motor activities of mice. Later, this group of animals was euthanized and the blood was removed to determine the levels of corticosterone, and cerebral cortex and hippocampus to determine the mRNA expression levels of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), as well as the Na+, K+ ATPase activity and reactive species (RS) levels. 4-PSQ was able to significantly reverse the increase in RS and corticosterone levels, as well as the decrease of CREB and BDNF expression in the cerebral structures and increase of NF-κB expression in the hippocampus. Finally, 4-PSQ restored the Na+, K+ ATPase activity in the cerebral structures evaluated. Here, we showed that the modulation of serotonergic and GABAergic systems, factors related to neurogenesis, oxidative status and Na+, K+ ATPase activity contributes to the anxiolytic effect of 4-PSQ and reinforces the therapeutical potential of this compound for the treatment of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaini J Paltian
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Angélica S Dos Reis
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata L de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Caren A R da Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - William B Domingues
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo N Dellagostin
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinícius F Campos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta Kruger
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa (LaSOL), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa (LaSOL), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ethel A Wilhelm
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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15
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Silva J, Shao AS, Shen Y, Davies DL, Olsen RW, Holschneider DP, Shao XM, Liang J. Modulation of Hippocampal GABAergic Neurotransmission and Gephyrin Levels by Dihydromyricetin Improves Anxiety. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1008. [PMID: 32742262 PMCID: PMC7364153 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the U.S. and are estimated to consume one-third of the country’s mental health spending. Although anxiolytic therapies are available, many patients exhibit treatment-resistance, relapse, or substantial side effects. An urgent need exists to explore the underlying mechanisms of chronic anxiety and to develop alternative therapies. Presently, we identified dihydromyricetin (DHM), a flavonoid that has anxiolytic properties in a mouse model of isolation-induced anxiety. Socially isolated mice demonstrated increased anxiety levels and reduced exploratory behavior measured by elevated plus-maze and open-field tests. Socially isolated mice showed impaired GABAergic neurotransmission, including reduction in GABAA receptor-mediated extrasynaptic tonic currents, as well as amplitude and frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents measured by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from hippocampal slices. Furthermore, intracellular ATP levels and gephyrin expression decreased in anxious animals. DHM treatment restored ATP and gephyrin expression, GABAergic transmission and synaptic function, as well as decreased anxiety-like behavior. Our findings indicate broader roles for DHM in anxiolysis, GABAergic neurotransmission, and synaptic function. Collectively, our data suggest that reduction in intracellular ATP and gephyrin contribute to the development of anxiety, and represent novel treatment targets. DHM is a potential candidate for pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Silva
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amy S Shao
- Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daryl L Davies
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Richard W Olsen
- Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel P Holschneider
- Psychiatry and The Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xuesi M Shao
- Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jing Liang
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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16
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Monteiro ÁB, Kelly de Souza Rodrigues C, Petícia do Nascimento E, Sales VDS, de Araújo Delmondes G, Nogueira da Costa MH, Pereira de Oliveira VA, Pereira de Morais L, Boligon AA, Barbosa R, Martins da Costa JG, Alencar de Menezes IR, Bezerra Felipe CF, Kerntopf MR. Anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of Annona coriacea (Mart.) and caffeic acid in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 136:111049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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van der Sluiszen NN, Vermeeren A, Verster JC, van de Loo AJ, van Dijken JH, Veldstra JL, Brookhuis KA, de Waard D, Ramaekers JG. Driving performance and neurocognitive skills of long-term users of benzodiazepine anxiolytics and hypnotics. Hum Psychopharmacol 2019; 34:e2715. [PMID: 31837049 PMCID: PMC7003498 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to compare actual driving performance and skills related to driving of patients using benzodiazepine anxiolytics or hypnotics for at least 6 months to that of healthy controls. METHODS Participants were 44 long-term users of benzodiazepine and benzodiazepine-related anxiolytics (n = 12) and hypnotics (n = 32) and 65 matched healthy controls. Performance was assessed using an on-the-road driving test measuring standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP, in cm) and a battery of neurocognitive tasks. Performance differences between groups were compared with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.5 mg/ml to determine clinical relevance. RESULTS Compared with controls, SDLP was significantly increased in hypnotic users (+1.70 cm) but not in anxiolytic users (+1.48 cm). Anxiolytic and hypnotic users showed significant and clinically relevant impairment on neurocognitive task measuring executive functioning, vigilance, and reaction time. For patients using hypnotics for at least 3 years, no significant driving impairment was observed. CONCLUSION Impairing effects of benzodiazepine hypnotics on driving performance may mitigate over time following longer term use (i.e. 3 years or more) although neurocognitive impairments may remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick N.J.J.M. van der Sluiszen
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Annemiek Vermeeren
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Joris C. Verster
- Division PharmacologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands,Institute for Risk Assessment SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands,Centre for Human PsychopharmacologySwinburne UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Aurora J.A.E. van de Loo
- Division PharmacologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands,Institute for Risk Assessment SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Joke H. van Dijken
- Department of Clinical and Developmental NeuropsychologyUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Janet L. Veldstra
- Department of Clinical and Developmental NeuropsychologyUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Karel A. Brookhuis
- Department of Clinical and Developmental NeuropsychologyUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dick de Waard
- Department of Clinical and Developmental NeuropsychologyUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Johannes G. Ramaekers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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18
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Outpatient benzodiazepine utilization in Croatia: drug use or misuse. Int J Clin Pharm 2019; 41:1526-1535. [DOI: 10.1007/s11096-019-00915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Use of Prescribed Psychotropics during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Pregnancy, Neonatal, and Childhood Outcomes. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9090235. [PMID: 31540060 PMCID: PMC6770670 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9090235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the findings from preclinical animal and human clinical research investigating maternal/fetal, neonatal, and child neurodevelopmental outcomes following prenatal exposure to psychotropic drugs. Evidence for the risks associated with prenatal exposure was examined, including teratogenicity, neurodevelopmental effects, neonatal toxicity, and long-term neurobehavioral consequences (i.e., behavioral teratogenicity). We conducted a comprehensive review of the recent results and conclusions of original research and reviews, respectively, which have investigated the short- and long-term impact of drugs commonly prescribed to pregnant women for psychological disorders, including mood, anxiety, and sleep disorders. Because mental illness in the mother is not a benign event, and may itself pose significant risks to both mother and child, simply discontinuing or avoiding medication use during pregnancy may not be possible. Therefore, prenatal exposure to psychotropic drugs is a major public health concern. Decisions regarding drug choice, dose, and duration should be made carefully, by balancing severity, chronicity, and co-morbidity of the mental illness, disorder, or condition against the potential risk for adverse outcomes due to drug exposure. Globally, maternal mental health problems are considered as a major public health challenge, which requires a stronger focus on mental health services that will benefit both mother and child. More preclinical and clinical research is needed in order to make well-informed decisions, understanding the risks associated with the use of psychotropic medications during pregnancy.
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20
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Geka M, Inada K, Shimizu S, Geka Y, Takahashi Y, Hamada Y, Nishimura K, Kimura T. [Effectiveness of Pharmacist-convened Multidisciplinary Clinical Team Meetings in Promoting Appropriate Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonist Use]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:931-937. [PMID: 31155538 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZRAs) are used in the treatment of a wide variety of clinical conditions. Although clinical practice guidelines discourage high dosage or long-term use of BZRAs, they are prescribed in clinical settings. This study aimed to investigate whether the pharmacists at multidisciplinary clinical team meetings can help reduce BZRA use and promote appropriate use of these drugs. The psychiatric unit of the Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital occupies two floors, with 31 beds on Floor A and 34 beds on Floor B. The multidisciplinary clinical team meetings were held once a week in each ward. During the meetings, the pharmacists comprehensively assessed the number of BZRA doses administered and the equivalent diazepam doses, presented their prescription recommendations aimed at dosage reduction, and shared their views with the entire clinical team. This intervention was commenced on Floor A in 2014 and on Floor B in 2015. The average number of BZRAs in each period and equivalent diazepam doses were assessed for 273 psychiatric inpatients hospitalized from April to June in 2013, 2014, and 2015. Changes in the number of BZRA doses administered were assessed per floor per year. The results showed a statistically significant decrease between years with and without interventions. The intervention of pharmacists allowed multidisciplinary clinical team members to gain the same understanding about BZRA use and formulation of drug therapy plans. The results suggest that the intervention of pharmacists at clinical team meetings can strategically lead to decreased BZRA dosages and their proper use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Geka
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital
| | - Ken Inada
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University
| | - Satoru Shimizu
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University
| | - Yujiro Geka
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital
| | - Yuka Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital
| | - Yukihiro Hamada
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital
| | - Katsuji Nishimura
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University
| | - Toshimi Kimura
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital
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21
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Salem H, Andersen EW, Dalton SO, Schmiegelow K, Winther JF, Lichtenthal WG, Johansen C, Bidstrup PE. Psychotropic Medication Use in Parents of Children Diagnosed With Cancer. Pediatrics 2019; 143:peds.2018-2605. [PMID: 30944153 PMCID: PMC7548106 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objective measures on parental distress after a child's cancer diagnosis are sparse. We examined the risk for first prescription of psychotropic medicine among parents of children with cancer compared with parents of children who were cancer free. In addition, we examined if sociodemographic and clinical characteristics are associated with risk of first prescription of psychotropic medication in parents of children with cancer. METHODS We followed all parents of children with cancer (N = 6744) from the Danish Cancer Registry (1998-2014) using parents of matched children who were cancer free (N = 65 747) as a comparison. To identify vulnerable subgroups among parents of children with cancer, we followed all parents of children with cancer from the Childhood Cancer Registry (2003-2015; N = 3290 parents). In Cox proportional hazard models, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for a first prescription of psychotropic medication according to cancer status of the child and sociodemographic and clinical risk factors. RESULTS Parents of children with cancer were at increased risk for a first prescription of psychotropic medication compared with parents of children who were cancer free up to 2 years after the diagnosis, the risk being highest in the first year (HR, 1.83 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.66-2.01]). Parents of children with cancer, especially parents who lost their child, had an increased risk for a first prescription of hypnotics (HR, 6.91; 95% CI, 3.50-13.66) and anxiolytics (HR, 4.55, 95% CI, 1.57-13.17) in the first year after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Efforts should be made to ensure that medical teams are adequately educated to address stress responses in the parents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susanne O. Dalton
- Unit of Survivorship, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- University Hospital Rigshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Falck Winther
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark;,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Wendy G. Lichtenthal
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Christoffer Johansen
- Unit of Survivorship, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark;,Department of Oncology, Finsen Centre, University Hospital Rigshospitalet
| | - Pernille E. Bidstrup
- Unit of Survivorship, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Joudrey PJ, Khan MR, Wang EA, Scheidell JD, Edelman EJ, McInnes DK, Fox AD. A conceptual model for understanding post-release opioid-related overdose risk. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2019; 14:17. [PMID: 30982468 PMCID: PMC6463640 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-019-0145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-release opioid-related overdose mortality is the leading cause of death among people released from jails or prisons (PRJP). Informed by the proximate determinants framework, this paper presents the Post-Release Opioid-Related Overdose Risk Model. It explores the underlying, intermediate, proximate and biological determinants which contribute to risk of post-release opioid-related overdose mortality. PRJP share the underlying exposure of incarceration and the increased prevalence of several moderators (chronic pain, HIV infection, trauma, race, and suicidality) of the risk of opioid-related overdose. Intermediate determinants following release from the criminal justice system include disruption of social networks, interruptions in medical care, poverty, and stigma which exacerbate underlying, and highly prevalent, substance use and mental health disorders. Subsequent proximate determinants include interruptions in substance use treatment, including access to medications for opioid use disorder, polypharmacy, polydrug use, insufficient naloxone access, and a return to solitary opioid use. This leads to the final biological determinant of reduced respiratory tolerance and finally opioid-related overdose mortality. Mitigating the risk of opioid-related overdose mortality among PRJP will require improved coordination across criminal justice, health, and community organizations to reduce barriers to social services, ensure access to health insurance, and reduce interruptions in care continuity and reduce stigma. Healthcare services and harm reduction strategies, such as safe injection sites, should be tailored to the needs of PRJP. Expanding access to opioid agonist therapy and naloxone around the post-release period could reduce overdose deaths. Programs are also needed to divert individuals with substance use disorder away from the criminal justice system and into treatment and social services, preventing incarceration exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Joudrey
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven Campus, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
- National Clinician Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, Sterling Hall of Medicine IE-68, PO Box 208088, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Maria R Khan
- Department of Population Health, New York University, 227 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Emily A Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 367 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joy D Scheidell
- Department of Population Health, New York University, 227 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - E Jennifer Edelman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 367 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D Keith McInnes
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Healthcare Outcomes and Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers VA Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA
- Department of Health Law Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron D Fox
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
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23
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Bijanki KR, Manns JR, Inman CS, Choi KS, Harati S, Pedersen NP, Drane DL, Waters AC, Fasano RE, Mayberg HS, Willie JT. Cingulum stimulation enhances positive affect and anxiolysis to facilitate awake craniotomy. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1152-1166. [PMID: 30589643 DOI: 10.1172/jci120110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Awake neurosurgery requires patients to converse and respond to visual or verbal prompts to identify and protect brain tissue supporting essential functions such as language, primary sensory modalities, and motor function. These procedures can be poorly tolerated because of patient anxiety, yet acute anxiolytic medications typically cause sedation and impair cortical function. METHODS In this study, direct electrical stimulation of the left dorsal anterior cingulum bundle was discovered to reliably evoke positive affect and anxiolysis without sedation in a patient with epilepsy undergoing research testing during standard inpatient intracranial electrode monitoring. These effects were quantified using subjective and objective behavioral measures, and stimulation was found to evoke robust changes in local and distant neural activity. RESULTS The index patient ultimately required an awake craniotomy procedure to confirm safe resection margins in the treatment of her epilepsy. During the procedure, cingulum bundle stimulation enhanced positive affect and reduced the patient's anxiety to the point that intravenous anesthetic/anxiolytic medications were discontinued and cognitive testing was completed. Behavioral responses were subsequently replicated in 2 patients with anatomically similar electrode placements localized to an approximately 1-cm span along the anterior dorsal cingulum bundle above genu of the corpus callosum. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrates a robust anxiolytic response to cingulum bundle stimulation in 3 patients with epilepsy. TRIAL REGISTRATION The current study was not affiliated with any formal clinical trial. FUNDING This project was supported by the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention and the NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Bijanki
- Department of Neurosurgery, and.,Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joseph R Manns
- Department of Psychology, Emory University College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Ki Sueng Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Nigel P Pedersen
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel L Drane
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Allison C Waters
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca E Fasano
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Helen S Mayberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jon T Willie
- Department of Neurosurgery, and.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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24
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Chandrasekhar Y, Phani Kumar G, Navya K, Ramya EM, Anilakumar KR. Tannins from Terminalia chebula fruits attenuates GABA antagonist-induced anxiety-like behaviour via modulation of neurotransmitters. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:1662-1674. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This article investigates the anxiolytic activity of Terminalia chebula tannin-rich extract against picrotoxin (PTX; GABA antagonist)-induced anxiety in mice model.
Methods
Anxiolytic activity was studied by elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), light/dark box test (LDT) and Vogel's conflict test (VCT). Electroencephalogram (EEG) was performed to know the changes in brain activity instigated by GABA antagonist. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine and norepinephrine levels in brain tissues were estimated by HPLC. The mRNA (CREB, BDNF, GABA, and 5-HT1A) and protein expression (CREB, p-CREB, BDNF, ERK ½, p-ERK ½, GABAARα1, 5-HT1A and GAPDH) levels in brain tissue were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively.
Key findings
Terminalia chebula tannin-rich extract (TCHE) supplementation increased locomotion in mice towards open arm (EPM), time spent in illuminated area (LDT), rearing frequency (OFT) and number of shocks (VCT) compared to PTX (P < 0.05). Furthermore, TCHE down-regulated serum cortisol levels and showed increased levels of 5-HT, DA and NE. Gene expressions such as BDNF, CREB, GABAA and 5-HT1A were up-regulated by TCHE treatment compared to PTX.
Conclusions
Terminalia chebula tannin-rich extract showed significant anxiolytic activity against picrotoxin and could be used as natural therapy in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katram Navya
- Defence Food Research Laboratory, Applied Nutrition Division, DRDO, Mysore, India
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26
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Functional Connectivity within the Primate Extended Amygdala Is Heritable and Associated with Early-Life Anxious Temperament. J Neurosci 2018; 38:7611-7621. [PMID: 30061190 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0102-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with an extremely inhibited, anxious temperament (AT) are at increased risk for anxiety disorders and depression. Using a rhesus monkey model of early-life AT, we previously demonstrated that metabolism in the central extended amygdala (EAc), including the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), is associated with trait-like variation in AT. Here, we use fMRI to examine relationships between Ce-BST functional connectivity and AT in a large multigenerational family pedigree of rhesus monkeys (n = 170 females and 208 males). Results demonstrate that Ce-BST functional connectivity is heritable, accounts for a significant but modest portion of the variance in AT, and is coheritable with AT. Interestingly, Ce-BST functional connectivity and AT-related BST metabolism were not correlated and accounted for non-overlapping variance in AT. Exploratory analyses suggest that Ce-BST functional connectivity is associated with metabolism in the hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray. Together, these results suggest the importance of coordinated function within the EAc for determining individual differences in AT and metabolism in brain regions associated with its behavioral and neuroendocrine components.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Anxiety disorders directly impact the lives of nearly one in five people, accounting for substantial worldwide suffering and disability. Here, we use a nonhuman primate model of anxious temperament (AT) to understand the neurobiology underlying the early-life risk to develop anxiety disorders. Leveraging the same kinds of neuroimaging measures routinely used in human studies, we demonstrate that coordinated activation between the central nucleus of the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is correlated with, and coinherited with, early-life AT. Understanding how these central extended amygdala regions work together to produce extreme anxiety provides a neural target for early-life interventions with the promise of preventing lifelong disability in at-risk children.
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Tillman RM, Stockbridge MD, Nacewicz BM, Torrisi S, Fox AS, Smith JF, Shackman AJ. Intrinsic functional connectivity of the central extended amygdala. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:1291-1312. [PMID: 29235190 PMCID: PMC5807241 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The central extended amygdala (EAc)-including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce)-plays a critical role in triggering fear and anxiety and is implicated in the development of a range of debilitating neuropsychiatric disorders. Although it is widely believed that these disorders reflect the coordinated activity of distributed neural circuits, the functional architecture of the EAc network and the degree to which the BST and the Ce show distinct patterns of functional connectivity is unclear. Here, we used a novel combination of imaging approaches to trace the connectivity of the BST and the Ce in 130 healthy, racially diverse, community-dwelling adults. Multiband imaging, high-precision registration techniques, and spatially unsmoothed data maximized anatomical specificity. Using newly developed seed regions, whole-brain regression analyses revealed robust functional connectivity between the BST and Ce via the sublenticular extended amygdala, the ribbon of subcortical gray matter encompassing the ventral amygdalofugal pathway. Both regions displayed coupling with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), midcingulate cortex (MCC), insula, and anterior hippocampus. The BST showed stronger connectivity with the thalamus, striatum, periaqueductal gray, and several prefrontal territories. The only regions showing stronger functional connectivity with the Ce were neighboring regions of the dorsal amygdala, amygdalohippocampal area, and anterior hippocampus. These observations provide a baseline against which to compare a range of special populations, inform our understanding of the role of the EAc in normal and pathological fear and anxiety, and showcase image registration techniques that are likely to be useful for researchers working with "deidentified" neuroimaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa D. Stockbridge
- Department of Hearing and Speech SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland20742
| | - Brendon M. Nacewicz
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Wisconsin—Madison, 6001 Research Park BoulevardMadisonWisconsin53719
| | - Salvatore Torrisi
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and AnxietyNational Institute of Mental HealthBethesdaMaryland20892
| | - Andrew S. Fox
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia95616
- California National Primate Research CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia95616
| | - Jason F. Smith
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland20742
| | - Alexander J. Shackman
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland20742
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science ProgramUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland20742
- Maryland Neuroimaging CenterUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland20742
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Hata T, Kanazawa T, Hamada T, Nishihara M, Bush AI, Yoneda H, Nakajima M, Katsumata T. What can predict and prevent the long-term use of benzodiazepines? J Psychiatr Res 2018; 97:94-100. [PMID: 29223863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although benzodiazepines (BZDs) are commonly prescribed for insomnia or anxiety, long-term use of BZDs causes serious adverse effects such as daytime drowsiness and cognitive decline. In the current study, we evaluated the predictors and preventers of long-term usage of BZDs from a retrospective survey by utilizing the 12-year prescription record of a university hospital. From the prescription data of 92,005 people, users of BZDs (n = 3,470, male = 39.2%, mean age = 60 ± 17.5) were analyzed. During this period, both the number of prescriptions (2722 in 2004 to 1019 in 2016) and the number of BZDs (1.73 in 2004 to 1.36 in 2016) gradually decreased, although more than half of the patients continued to take BZDs for over three years. High risk factors for long-term use of BZDs include elderly patients (>65 years old), high dosage (>5 mg diazepam per day), psychiatrist-prescribers, and users with polytherapy. Discontinuation is significantly found in users of hypnotic BZDs and alternative psychotropic medical drugs (including antipsychotics, serotonergic drugs, or newer types of sleep medicine). Future studies should focus on elucidating interventions that are more effective against long-term usage of BZDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Hata
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical College Hospital, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Tetsufumi Kanazawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Takeshi Hamada
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical College Hospital, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Masami Nishihara
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical College Hospital, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Ashley Ian Bush
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Hiroshi Yoneda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Katsumata
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical College Hospital, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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Jung WY, Kim SG, Lee JS, Kim HK, Son BG, Kim JW, Suh JW. Effect of Feeding High Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid-Containing Giant Embryo Black Sticky Rice (Oryza sativa L.) on Anxiety-Related Behavior of C57BL/6 Mice. J Med Food 2017; 20:777-781. [PMID: 28704125 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.3928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feeding high gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-containing black sticky rice giant embryo (BSRGE, Oryza sativa L.) on anxiety-related behavior of C57BL/6 mice. Experimental feedstuff (BSRGE with high GABA+AIN-76A) and control (AIN-76A) were provided to C57BL/6 mouse for 10 days. Antianxiety effects of BSRGE with high GABA were measured using an elevated plus maze. On day 8, the number of open arm entries by GABA and control groups were 1.10 ± 1.60 (mean ± SD) and 0.00 ± 0.00 (P = .030). On day 10, the number of open arm entries by the GABA group was 2.00 ± 1.89, which was significantly (P = .025) higher than that in the control group (0.40 ± 0.84). On day 8, the time the mice spent in open arm in the GABA group and control group was 3.60 ± 7.06 and 0.00 ± 0.00 sec (P = .068), respectively. On day 10, the time the mice in the GABA and control groups spent in open arm was 6.20 ± 5.35 sec and 1.80 ± 3.82 sec (P = .042), respectively. In repeated analysis of variance for the number of entries into open arm and time spent in open arm, significant differences were found between the two groups. Therefore, BSRGE with high GABA content might have an antianxiety effect. This study can serve as a preliminary study so that further antianxiety effects of BSRGE can be determined in more extended animal or clinical research studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Young Jung
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sung-Gon Kim
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan, Korea.,2 Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pusan National University , Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jin-Seong Lee
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Kyeong Kim
- 3 Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University , Yangsan, Korea
| | - Beung-Gu Son
- 4 Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University , Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Kim
- 5 Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Medicine, KyungHee University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Suh
- 6 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Yang-San Neuropsychiatric Hospital , Yangsan, Korea
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Bonaventure P, Dugovic C, Shireman B, Preville C, Yun S, Lord B, Nepomuceno D, Wennerholm M, Lovenberg T, Carruthers N, Fitz SD, Shekhar A, Johnson PL. Evaluation of JNJ-54717793 a Novel Brain Penetrant Selective Orexin 1 Receptor Antagonist in Two Rat Models of Panic Attack Provocation. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:357. [PMID: 28649201 PMCID: PMC5465257 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexin neurons originating in the perifornical and lateral hypothalamic area are highly reactive to anxiogenic stimuli and have strong projections to anxiety and panic-associated circuitry. Recent studies support a role for the orexin system and in particular the orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) in coordinating an integrative stress response. However, no selective OX1R antagonist has been systematically tested in two preclinical models of using panicogenic stimuli that induce panic attack in the majority of people with panic disorder, namely an acute hypercapnia-panic provocation model and a model involving chronic inhibition of GABA synthesis in the perifornical hypothalamic area followed by intravenous sodium lactate infusion. Here we report on a novel brain penetrant, selective and high affinity OX1R antagonist JNJ-54717793 (1S,2R,4R)-7-([(3-fluoro-2-pyrimidin-2-ylphenyl)carbonyl]-N-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazin-2-yl]-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-amine). JNJ-54717793 is a high affinity/potent OX1R antagonist and has an excellent selectivity profile including 50 fold versus the OX2R. Ex vivo receptor binding studies demonstrated that after oral administration JNJ-54717793 crossed the blood brain barrier and occupied OX1Rs in the rat brain. While JNJ-54717793 had minimal effect on spontaneous sleep in rats and in wild-type mice, its administration in OX2R knockout mice, selectively promoted rapid eye movement sleep, demonstrating target engagement and specific OX1R blockade. JNJ-54717793 attenuated CO2 and sodium lactate induced panic-like behaviors and cardiovascular responses without altering baseline locomotor or autonomic activity. These data confirm that selective OX1R antagonism may represent a novel approach of treating anxiety disorders, with no apparent sedative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brock Shireman
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San DiegoCA, United States
| | - Cathy Preville
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San DiegoCA, United States
| | - Sujin Yun
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San DiegoCA, United States
| | - Brian Lord
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San DiegoCA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephanie D. Fitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, IndianapolisIN, United States
| | - Anantha Shekhar
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, IndianapolisIN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, IndianapolisIN, United States
| | - Philip L. Johnson
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, IndianapolisIN, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IndianapolisIN, United States
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31
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Gong BY, Ma HM, Zang XY, Wang SY, Zhang Y, Jiang N, Zhang XP, Zhao Y. Efficacy of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation Combined with Biofeedback Therapy in Patients with Functional Constipation. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 22:497-508. [PMID: 26932836 PMCID: PMC4930306 DOI: 10.5056/jnm15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims A large number of studies have shown that function constipation (FC) has an extremely high incidence of mental and psychological disorders. Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) was applied to the treatment of psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. We explored the effects of CES combined with biofeedback therapy (BFT) on the psychological state, clinical symptoms, and anorectal function in patients with FC. Methods A total of 74 patients with FC were randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group received BFT. CES combined with BFT was carried out in the experiment group. All patients were assessed using the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and Wexner constipation score at baseline and the end of each course. Anorectal manometry and balloon expulsion tests were performed before and after treatment. Results After treatment, the participants in the experiment group had significantly lower score SAS, SDS, and Wexner constipation scores than the control group (all P < 0.05). The number of successful expulsion in the experiment group was larger than the control group (P = 0.016). Conclusions CES combined with BFT was effective in improving the psychological status of anxiety, depression, and bowel symptoms in patients with FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yan Gong
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Mei Ma
- Department of Nursing, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Ying Zang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Si Yuan Wang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Peng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Wang SM, Kim JB, Sakong JK, Suh HS, Oh KS, Woo JM, Yoo SW, Lee SM, Lee SY, Lim SW, Cho SJ, Chee IS, Chae JH, Hong JP, Lee KU. The Efficacy and Safety of Clonazepam in Patients with Anxiety Disorder Taking Newer Antidepressants: A Multicenter Naturalistic Study. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 14:177-83. [PMID: 27121429 PMCID: PMC4857865 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2016.14.2.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of clonazepam with other benzodiazepines in patients with anxiety disorders. Methods Inclusion criteria were as follows: age >20 years, diagnosis of anxiety disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria, taking only one type of antidepressant, and prescribed one of three oral benzodiazepines (alprazolam, clonazepam, or lorazepam). At baseline and week 6, clinical benefit was evaluated using the Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S), Clinical Global Impression-Anxiety Scale (CGI-anxiety), and Clinical Global Impression-Sleep Scale (CGI-sleep). Results Among 180 patients, no differences in demographic characteristics among the three benzodiazepine groups were noted. After six weeks of treatment, all benzodiazepine groups showed significant improvements in CGI-S, CGI-anxiety, and CGI-sleep scores (p<0.001). There were no differences in mean changes in CGI-S, CGI-anxiety and CGI-sleep among the three benzodiazepine groups. The incidence of side effects was significantly lower in the clonazepam group than with the other benzodiazepines. The incidences of adverse events for the clonazepam, alprazolam, and lorazepam groups were 26.7% (n=20), 48.4% (n=31), and 43.9% (n=18), respectively. Conclusion The present study suggests that clonazepam is as efficacious as other benzodiazepines for the treatment of various anxiety disorders. Furthermore, the safety profile of clonazepam was superior to the other benzodiazepines in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Min Wang
- International Health Care Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Bum Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Sakong
- Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Ho-Suk Suh
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Seob Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Sang-Yeol Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
| | - Se-Won Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ik-Seung Chee
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Brain Research, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Pyo Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
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The antidepressant drugs fluoxetine and duloxetine produce anxiolytic-like effects in a schedule-induced polydipsia paradigm in rats: enhancement of fluoxetine's effects by the α2 adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine. Behav Pharmacol 2016; 26:489-94. [PMID: 26154437 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Similar to the time-course for treating depression, several weeks of administration are required for serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors to produce anxiolytic effects. Previous studies with the schedule-induced polydipsia paradigm (a putative preclinical anxiety model) have shown that repeated administration of antidepressant drugs is necessary to produce a suppression of polydipsia, which is interpreted as an anxiolytic-like effect. The present study sought to expand past findings by evaluating the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine and the 5-HT-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor duloxetine in the schedule-induced polydipsia paradigm with rats. Dose combinations of the α2 adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine with fluoxetine were also explored to determine whether α2 adrenoceptor antagonism could enhance the anxiolytic-like effects produced by an SSRI. Fluoxetine and duloxetine significantly reduced water intake over the course of daily administrations. Daily treatment with the combination of fluoxetine and yohimbine produced a significantly greater reduction in water intake than fluoxetine alone. The present results confirmed previous findings that inhibition of 5-HT reuptake reduces water consumption in this paradigm. The results for the α2 antagonist yohimbine (in combination with fluoxetine) also indicate that α2 adrenoceptor antagonism may significantly enhance anxiolytic-like effects of SSRIs.
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Kasteenpohja T, Marttunen M, Aalto-Setälä T, Perälä J, Saarni SI, Suvisaari J. Treatment adequacy of anxiety disorders among young adults in Finland. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:63. [PMID: 26993796 PMCID: PMC4799592 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are common in early adulthood, but general population studies concerning the treatment adequacy of anxiety disorders taking into account appropriate pharmacological and psychological treatment are scarce. The aims of this study were to examine treatments received for anxiety disorders in a Finnish general population sample of young adults, and to define factors associated with receiving minimally adequate treatment and with dropping out from treatment. METHODS A questionnaire containing several mental health screens was sent to a nationally representative two-stage cluster sample of 1894 Finns aged 19 to 34 years. All screen positives and a random sample of screen negatives were invited to a mental health assessment including a SCID interview. For the final diagnostic assessment, case records from mental health treatments for the same sample were obtained. This article investigates treatment received, treatment adequacy and dropouts from treatment of 79 participants with a lifetime anxiety disorder (excluding those with a single specific phobia). Based on all available information, receiving antidepressant or buspirone medication for at least 2 months with at least four visits with any type of physician or at least eight sessions of psychotherapy within 12 months or at least 4 days of hospitalization were regarded as minimally adequate treatment for anxiety disorders. Treatment dropout was rated if the patient discontinued the visits by his own decision despite having an adequate treatment strategy according to the case records. RESULTS Of participants with anxiety disorders (excluding those with a single specific phobia), 41.8 % had received minimally adequate treatment. In the multivariate analysis, comorbid substance use disorder was associated with antidepressant or buspirone medication lasting at least 2 months. Those who were currently married or cohabiting had lower odds of having at least four visits with a physician a year. None of these factors were associated with the final outcome of minimally adequate treatment or treatment dropout. Participants with comorbid personality disorders received and misused benzodiazepines more often than others. CONCLUSIONS More efforts are needed to provide adequate treatment for young adults with anxiety disorders. Attention should be paid to benzodiazepine prescribing to individuals with personality disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teija Kasteenpohja
- />Department Health, Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271 Finland
- />Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mauri Marttunen
- />Department Health, Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271 Finland
- />Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jonna Perälä
- />Department Health, Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271 Finland
- />Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli I. Saarni
- />Department Health, Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271 Finland
- />Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- />Department Health, Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271 Finland
- />Department of Social Psychiatry, School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Fixsen AM. "I'm Not Waving, I'm Drowning": An Autoethnographical Exploration of Biographical Disruption and Reconstruction During Recovery From Prescribed Benzodiazepine Use. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2016; 26:466-481. [PMID: 25800715 DOI: 10.1177/1049732315576496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines are group of drugs used mainly as sedatives, hypnotics, muscle relaxants, and anti-epileptics. Tapering off benzodiazepines is, for some users, a painful, traumatic, and protracted process. In this article, I use an autoethnographic approach, adopting the metaphor of water, to examine heuristically my experience of iatrogenic illness and recovery. I draw on personal journals and blog entries and former users' narratives to consider the particular form of biographical disruption associated with benzodiazepines and the processes involved in identity reconstruction. I emphasize the role of the online community in providing benzodiazepine users such as myself with a co-cultural community through which to share a voice and make sense of our experiences. I explain how the success stories of former users provided me with the hope that I, the "medical victim," could become the "victor" and in the process construct a new life and fresh identity.
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Abstract
The large class of CNS-depressant medications-the benzodiazepines-have been extensively used for over 50 years, anxiety disorders being one of the main indications. A substantial proportion (perhaps up to 20-30 %) of long-term users becomes physically dependent on them. Problems with their use became manifest, and dependence, withdrawal difficulties and abuse were documented by the 1980s. Many such users experience physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms on attempted cessation and may develop clinically troublesome syndromes even during slow tapering. Few studies have been conducted to establish the optimal withdrawal schedules. The usual management comprises slow withdrawal over weeks or months together with psychotherapy of various modalities. Pharmacological aids include antidepressants such as the SSRIs especially if depressive symptoms supervene. Other pharmacological agents such as the benzodiazepine antagonist, flumazenil, and the hormonal agent, melatonin, remain largely experimental. The purpose of this review is to analyse the evidence for the efficacy of the usual withdrawal regimes and the newer agents. It is concluded that little evidence exists outside the usual principles of drug withdrawal but there are some promising leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Lader
- National Addiction Centre, Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Andri Kyriacou
- National Addiction Centre, Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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Marra EM, Mazer-Amirshahi M, Brooks G, van den Anker J, May L, Pines JM. Benzodiazepine Prescribing in Older Adults in U.S. Ambulatory Clinics and Emergency Departments (2001-10). J Am Geriatr Soc 2015; 63:2074-81. [PMID: 26415836 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess trends in benzodiazepine use from 2001 to 2010 in older adults in U.S. ambulatory clinics and emergency departments (EDs). DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING 2001 to 2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS). PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged 65 and older for whom the reason for visit might prompt a physician to use a benzodiazepine (e.g., anxiety, detoxification, back sprain). MEASUREMENTS The NAMCS and NHAMCS were used to evaluate U.S. ambulatory clinic and ED visits. Encounters involving individuals aged 65 and older for whom a benzodiazepine might be prescribed were analyzed. Trends in benzodiazepine use in these visits were explored, and predictors of use were assessed using survey-weighted chi-square tests and logistic regression. RESULTS From 2001 to 2010, benzodiazepines were used in 16.6 million of 133.3 million ambulatory clinic visits and 1.9 million of 18.1 million ED visits with the selected reasons for the visits. There was no change in benzodiazepine use in either setting over the study period, although benzodiazepine use for those aged 85 and older increased from 8.9% to 19.3% in ambulatory clinics and 10.1% to 17.2% in EDs. Individuals visiting clinics with anxiety were five times as likely to receive benzodiazepines (odds ratio (OR) = 4.8), and those in EDs were twice as likely (OR = 2.3). CONCLUSION Despite safety concerns, benzodiazepine use in older adults in U.S. ambulatory clinics and EDs did not change from 2001 to 2010. In the oldest individuals, who are at higher risk of adverse events, a greater increase was seen than in those aged 65 to 84. Additional measures may be needed to promote alternatives to benzodiazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Marra
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Maryann Mazer-Amirshahi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Gillian Brooks
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - John van den Anker
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.,Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Paediatric Pharmacology, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Larissa May
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jesse M Pines
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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Schoenfeld TJ, Kloth AD, Hsueh B, Runkle MB, Kane GA, Wang SSH, Gould E. Gap junctions in the ventral hippocampal-medial prefrontal pathway are involved in anxiety regulation. J Neurosci 2014; 34:15679-88. [PMID: 25411496 PMCID: PMC4236399 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3234-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent but little is known about their underlying mechanisms. Gap junctions exist in brain regions important for anxiety regulation, such as the ventral hippocampus (vHIP) and mPFC, but their functions in these areas have not been investigated. Using pharmacological blockade of neuronal gap junctions combined with electrophysiological recordings, we found that gap junctions play a role in theta rhythm in the vHIP and mPFC of adult mice. Bilateral infusion of neuronal gap junction blockers into the vHIP decreased anxiety-like behavior on the elevated plus maze and open field. Similar anxiolytic effects were observed with unilateral infusion of these drugs into the vHIP combined with contralateral infusion into the mPFC. No change in anxious behavior was observed with gap junction blockade in the unilateral vHIP alone or in the bilateral dorsal HIP. Since physical exercise is known to reduce anxiety, we examined the effects of long-term running on the expression of the neuronal gap junction protein connexin-36 among inhibitory interneurons and found a reduction in the vHIP. Despite this change, we observed no alteration in theta frequency or power in long-term runners. Collectively, these findings suggest that neuronal gap junctions in the vHIP-mPFC pathway are important for theta rhythm and anxiety regulation under sedentary conditions but that additional mechanisms are likely involved in running-induced reduction in anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander D Kloth
- Molecular Biology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | | | | | | | - Samuel S-H Wang
- Molecular Biology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
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39
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Johnson PL, Federici LM, Shekhar A. Etiology, triggers and neurochemical circuits associated with unexpected, expected, and laboratory-induced panic attacks. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 46 Pt 3:429-54. [PMID: 25130976 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Panic disorder (PD) is a severe anxiety disorder that is characterized by recurrent panic attacks (PA), which can be unexpected (uPA, i.e., no clear identifiable trigger) or expected (ePA). Panic typically involves an abrupt feeling of catastrophic fear or distress accompanied by physiological symptoms such as palpitations, racing heart, thermal sensations, and sweating. Recurrent uPA and ePA can also lead to agoraphobia, where subjects with PD avoid situations that were associated with PA. Here we will review recent developments in our understanding of PD, which includes discussions on: symptoms and signs associated with uPA and ePAs; Diagnosis of PD and the new DSM-V; biological etiology such as heritability and gene×environment and gene×hormonal development interactions; comparisons between laboratory and naturally occurring uPAs and ePAs; neurochemical systems that are associated with clinical PAs (e.g. gene associations; targets for triggering or treating PAs), adaptive fear and panic response concepts in the context of new NIH RDoc approach; and finally strengths and weaknesses of translational animal models of adaptive and pathological panic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L Johnson
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Lauren M Federici
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anantha Shekhar
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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40
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Birn RM, Shackman AJ, Oler JA, Williams LE, McFarlin DR, Rogers GM, Shelton SE, Alexander AL, Pine DS, Slattery MJ, Davidson RJ, Fox AS, Kalin NH. Evolutionarily conserved prefrontal-amygdalar dysfunction in early-life anxiety. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:915-22. [PMID: 24863147 PMCID: PMC4111803 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Some individuals are endowed with a biology that renders them more reactive to novelty and potential threat. When extreme, this anxious temperament (AT) confers elevated risk for the development of anxiety, depression and substance abuse. These disorders are highly prevalent, debilitating and can be challenging to treat. The high-risk AT phenotype is expressed similarly in children and young monkeys and mechanistic work demonstrates that the central (Ce) nucleus of the amygdala is an important substrate. Although it is widely believed that the flow of information across the structural network connecting the Ce nucleus to other brain regions underlies primates' capacity for flexibly regulating anxiety, the functional architecture of this network has remained poorly understood. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in anesthetized young monkeys and quietly resting children with anxiety disorders to identify an evolutionarily conserved pattern of functional connectivity relevant to early-life anxiety. Across primate species and levels of awareness, reduced functional connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a region thought to play a central role in the control of cognition and emotion, and the Ce nucleus was associated with increased anxiety assessed outside the scanner. Importantly, high-resolution 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging provided evidence that elevated Ce nucleus metabolism statistically mediates the association between prefrontal-amygdalar connectivity and elevated anxiety. These results provide new clues about the brain network underlying extreme early-life anxiety and set the stage for mechanistic work aimed at developing improved interventions for pediatric anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus M. Birn
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,Lane Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA
| | - Alexander J. Shackman
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA,Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA,Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Jonathan A. Oler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,Lane Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA
| | - Lisa E. Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,Lane Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA
| | - Daniel R. McFarlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,Lane Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA
| | - Gregory M. Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA
| | - Steven E. Shelton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA
| | - Andrew L. Alexander
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Marcia J. Slattery
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA
| | - Richard J. Davidson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,Center for Investigating Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA
| | - Andrew S. Fox
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,Center for Investigating Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,Lane Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA
| | - Ned H. Kalin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,Lane Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA,Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719 USA
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41
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Islam MM, Conigrave KM, Day CA, Nguyen Y, Haber PS. Twenty-year trends in benzodiazepine dispensing in the Australian population. Intern Med J 2014; 44:57-64. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Islam
- Australian Primary Health Care Research Institute; Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
| | - K. M. Conigrave
- Drug Health Service; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Discipline of Addiction Medicine; Sydney Medical School; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - C. A. Day
- Discipline of Addiction Medicine; Sydney Medical School; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Y. Nguyen
- Sydney Medical School; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - P. S. Haber
- Discipline of Addiction Medicine; Sydney Medical School; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Local Health District; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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43
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Reisfield GM, Webster LR. Benzodiazepines in Long-Term Opioid Therapy. PAIN MEDICINE 2013; 14:1441-6. [DOI: 10.1111/pme.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Leibing A, Collin J. The multiple anxieties of getting older: tranquilizers and the ambivalence of effect. Med Anthropol 2013; 32:399-416. [PMID: 23944243 DOI: 10.1080/01459740.2013.774394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Most studies on benzodiazepines emphasize overconsumption and warn of addiction, especially by older adults. This article is about the avoidance of benzodiazepine medications by 'aging' women living in a Brazilian village. This case study helps to support our central concern: to call attention to the ambiguities that exist in discussing these medications, and to stress the importance of a multilayered understanding of effect. We argue that benzodiazepines, like other psychopharmaka, induce bodily sensations that, at least in part, correspond to and are shaped by the situated self-image of individuals in distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Leibing
- Faculté des Sciences Infirmières, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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45
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Mechanism-based anti-anxiety effects of polysaccharides extracted from Shudihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata) by two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis in rat hippocampus proteins. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2013; 33:524-30. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(13)60159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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46
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Benzodiazepine-induced spatial learning deficits in rats are regulated by the degree of modulation of α1 GABA(A) receptors. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:390-9. [PMID: 22633616 PMCID: PMC3448846 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in understanding the role of benzodiazepine (BZ)-sensitive populations of GABAA receptors, containing the α1, α2, α3 or α5 subunit, factual substrates of BZ-induced learning and memory deficits are not yet fully elucidated. It was shown that α1-subunit affinity-selective antagonist β-CCt almost completely abolished spatial learning deficits induced by diazepam (DZP) in the Morris water maze. We examined a novel, highly (105 fold) α1-subunit selective ligand-WYS8 (0.2, 1 and 10 mg/kg), on its own and in combination with the non-selective agonist DZP (2 mg/kg) or β-CCt (5 mg/kg) in the water maze in rats. The in vitro efficacy study revealed that WYS8 acts as α1-subtype selective weak partial positive modulator (40% potentiation at 100nM). Measurement of concentrations of WYS8 and DZP in rat serum and brain tissues suggested that they did not substantially cross-influence the respective disposition. In the water maze, DZP impaired spatial learning (acquisition trials) and memory (probe trial). WYS8 caused no effect per se, did not affect the overall influence of DZP on the water-maze performance and was devoid of any activity in this task when combined with β-CCt. Nonetheless, an additional analysis of the latency to reach the platform and the total distance swam suggested that WYS8 addition attenuated the run-down of the spatial impairment induced by DZP at the end of acquisition trials. These results demonstrate a clear difference in the influence of an α1 subtype-selective antagonist and a partial agonist on the effects of DZP on the water-maze acquisition.
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47
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Dell’osso B, Lader M. Do Benzodiazepines Still Deserve a Major Role in The Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders? A Critical Reappraisal. Eur Psychiatry 2013; 28:7-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractDiscovered in the late 1950s by Leo Sternbach, the first benzodiazepine (BZD) chlordiazepoxide was followed by several congeners, which rapidly constituted one of the largest and most widely prescribed classes of psychotropic compounds. After 50 years, BZDs are still routinely utilized not only in psychiatry but, more generally, in the whole of medicine. Despite their high therapeutic index which makes BZDs safer than other compounds like barbiturates, as well as their rapidity of onset, psychiatrists and family physicians are well aware about the controversy that surrounds the wide use – often not adequately based on scientific evidence – of BZDs in many psychiatric disorders. In this overview of international treatment guidelines, systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials, the aim was to provide a critical appraisal of the current use and role of BZDs in psychiatric disorders and their disadvantages, with specific emphasis on anxiety and affective disorders, sleep disorders, alcohol withdrawal, violent and aggressive behaviours in psychoses, and neuroleptic-induced disorders. In addition, specific emphasis has been given to the extent of usage of BZDs and its appropriateness through the assessment of available international surveys. Finally, the entire spectrum of BZD-related adverse effects including psychomotor effects, use in the elderly, paradoxical reactions, tolerance and rebound, teratologic risk, dependence, withdrawal and abuse issues was examined in detail.
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48
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Johnson PL, Fitz SD, Engleman EA, Svensson KA, Schkeryantz JM, Shekhar A. Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor type 2 allosteric potentiators prevent sodium lactate-induced panic-like response in panic-vulnerable rats. J Psychopharmacol 2013; 27:152-61. [PMID: 22914798 PMCID: PMC4300988 DOI: 10.1177/0269881112454230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Rats with chronic inhibition of GABA synthesis by infusion of l-allyglycine, a glutamic acid decarboxylase inhibitor, into their dorsomedial/perifornical hypothalamus are anxious and exhibit panic-like cardio-respiratory responses to treatment with intravenous (i.v.) sodium lactate (NaLac) infusions, in a manner similar to what occurs in patients with panic disorder. We previously showed that either NMDA receptor antagonists or metabotropic glutamate receptor type 2/3 receptor agonists can block such a NaLac response, suggesting that a glutamate mechanism is contributing to this panic-like state. Using this animal model of panic, we tested the efficacy of CBiPES and THIIC, which are selective group II metabotropic glutamate type 2 receptor allosteric potentiators (at 10-30 mg/kg i.p.), in preventing NaLac-induced panic-like behavioral and cardiovascular responses. The positive control was alprazolam (3mg/kg i.p.), a clinically effective anti-panic benzodiazepine. As predicted, panic-prone rats given a NaLac challenge displayed NaLac-induced panic-like cardiovascular (i.e. tachycardia and hypertensive) responses and "anxiety" (i.e. decreased social interaction time) and "flight" (i.e. increased locomotion) -associated behaviors; however, systemic injection of the panic-prone rats with CBiPES, THIIC or alprazolam prior to the NaLac dose blocked all NaLac-induced panic-like behaviors and cardiovascular responses. These data suggested that in a rat animal model, selective group II metabotropic glutamate type 2 receptor allosteric potentiators show an anti-panic efficacy similar to alprazolam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L Johnson
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Stephanie D Fitz
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Eric A Engleman
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | | | | | - Anantha Shekhar
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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49
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Marienfeld CB, Tek E, Diaz E, Schottenfeld R, Chawarski M. Psychiatrist decision-making towards prescribing benzodiazepines: the dilemma with substance abusers. Psychiatr Q 2012; 83:521-9. [PMID: 22528141 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-012-9220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatrists' decision making about prescribing benzodiazepines (BZD) was evaluated in a community mental health center. An anonymous survey of outpatient psychiatrists in an academic-affiliated public mental health center was conducted using a 45-item questionnaire developed based on the results of a previous study. Sixty-six percent of responses indicate that, at times, psychiatrists experienced requests for behaviors suspicious for abuse, including 'lost/missing prescriptions' and 'use of BZD by others'. Patient characteristics such as 'history of abuse', 'unknown patient', and 'patient use of illicit substances' were occasional or common reasons for NOT prescribing BZDs (75%). The most common contexts in which the majority of our sample was uncomfortable prescribing BZDs involved a patient history of substance abuse, fear of initiation of dependence, diversion, and feeling manipulated by the patient. Time limitations were a dilemma for 20%. Psychiatrist self-reported dilemma and behavior in prescribing BZDs largely reflected concerns with substance abuse and less frequently workload or time issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Beth Marienfeld
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St. Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,
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50
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Wang KC, Lee YJ, Fan LW, Yang PP, Tao PL, Ho IK, Tien LT. Mu-opioid receptor knockout mice are more sensitive to chlordiazepoxide-induced anxiolytic behavior. Brain Res Bull 2012; 90:137-41. [PMID: 23142328 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated benzodiazepine binding in the cortex and hippocampus of mu-opioid receptor knockout (KO) mice. It is known that benzodiazepine receptors are involved in regulating anxiety-like behaviors. Thus, the present study was designed to examine whether there are changes in anxiety-like behavior in mice lacking mu-opioid receptors. To produce anxiolytic activity (less anxiety), the prototype benzodiazepine receptor agonist chlordiazepoxide (CDP, 5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered in wild type (WT) and mu-opioid receptor KO mice. We found that compared to WT mice, mu-opioid receptor KO mice showed enhanced anxiolytic activity to CDP, including increased number of entries into open arm, increased percentage of the time spent in open arms, and decreased percentage of the time spent in enclosed arms in the elevated plus-maze test. We also assessed protein expression of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthetic enzyme (glutamic acid decarboxylase; GAD). Western blotting data indicated that neither the lack of mu-opioid receptors nor CDP treatment altered cortical or hippocampal GAD₆₅ or GAD₆₇ protein expression. These data indicate that compared with WT, mu-opioid receptor KO mice experienced less anxiety and exhibited enhanced anxiolytic activity to CDP treatment, and these effects were not dependent on GAD₆₅ or GAD₆₇ protein expression. Our previous and present data suggest that the anxiolytic activity displayed in mu-opioid receptor KO mice is associated with upregulation of the benzodiazepine receptor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ching Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
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