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Lepock JR, Sanches M, Ahmed S, Gerritsen CJ, Korostil M, Mizrahi R, Kiang M. N400 event-related brain potential index of semantic processing and two-year clinical outcomes in persons at high risk for psychosis: A longitudinal study. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1877-1888. [PMID: 37386749 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The N400 event-related brain potential (ERP) semantic priming effect reflects greater activation of contextually related versus unrelated concepts in long-term semantic memory. Deficits in this measure have been found in persons with schizophrenia and those at clinical high risk (CHR) for this disorder. In CHR patients, we previously found that these deficits predict poorer social functional outcomes after 1 year. In the present study, we tested whether these deficits predicted greater psychosis-spectrum symptom severity and functional impairment over 2 years. We measured N400 semantic priming effects at baseline in CHR patients (n = 47) who viewed prime words each followed by a related/unrelated target word at stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 300 or 750 ms. We measured psychosis-spectrum symptoms using the Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms and role and social functioning with the Global Functioning: Role and Social scales, at baseline, 1 (n = 29) and 2 years (n = 25). There was a significant interaction between the N400 semantic priming effect at the 300-ms SOA and time on GF:Role scores, indicating that, contrary to expectations, smaller baseline N400 semantic priming effects were associated with more improvement in role functioning from baseline to Year 1, but baseline N400 priming effects did not predict role functioning at Year 2. N400 priming effects were not significantly associated with different trajectories in psychosis-spectrum symptoms or social functioning. Thus, CHR patients' N400 semantic priming effects did not predict clinical outcomes over 2 years, suggesting that this ERP measure may have greater value as a state or short-term prognostic neurophysiological biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Sanches
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Ahmed
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cory J Gerritsen
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele Korostil
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Kiang
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Musiol M, Rebuschi M, Buchel S, Lecomte A, de Groote P, Amblard M. Le problème de l’analyse des troubles de la pensée dans le discours avec la personne schizophrène : proposition méthodologique. EVOLUTION PSYCHIATRIQUE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Lepock JR, Mizrahi R, Gerritsen CJ, Bagby RM, Maheandiran M, Ahmed S, Korostil M, Kiang M. N400 event-related brain potential and functional outcome in persons at clinical high risk for psychosis: A longitudinal study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 76:114-121. [PMID: 35037344 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The N400 event-related brain potential (ERP) semantic priming effect is thought to reflect activation by meaningful stimuli of related concepts in semantic memory and has been found to be deficient in schizophrenia. We tested the hypothesis that, among individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, N400 semantic priming deficits predict worse symptomatic and functional outcomes after one year. METHODS We measured N400 semantic priming at baseline in CHR patients (n = 47) and healthy control participants (n = 25) who viewed prime words each followed by a related or unrelated target word, at stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 300 or 750 ms. We measured patients' psychosis-like symptoms with the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) Positive subscale, and academic/occupational and social functioning with the Global Functioning (GF):Role and Social scales, respectively, at baseline and one-year follow-up (n = 29). RESULTS CHR patients exhibited less N400 semantic priming than controls across SOAs; planned contrasts indicated this difference was significant at the 750-ms but not the 300-ms SOA. In patients, reduced N400 semantic priming at the 750-ms SOA was associated with lower GF:Social scores at follow-up, and greater GF:Social decrements from baseline to follow-up. Patients' N400 semantic priming was not associated with SOPS Positive or GF:Role scores at follow-up, or change in these from baseline to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In CHR patients, reduced N400 semantic priming at baseline predicted worse social functioning after one year, and greater decline in social functioning over this period. Thus, the N400 may be a useful prognostic biomarker of real-world functional outcome in CHR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Lepock
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cory J Gerritsen
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Michael Bagby
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Ahmed
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele Korostil
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Kiang
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Senkowski D, Moran JK. Early evoked brain activity underlies auditory and audiovisual speech recognition deficits in schizophrenia. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 33:102909. [PMID: 34915330 PMCID: PMC8683777 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Reduced N1 amplitudes reflect speech processing deficits in schizophrenia (SZ). Crossmodal N1 amplitude suppression in audiovisual speech is preserved in SZ. N1 amplitudes correlate with speech recognition performance in controls but not in SZ.
Objectives People with Schizophrenia (SZ) show deficits in auditory and audiovisual speech recognition. It is possible that these deficits are related to aberrant early sensory processing, combined with an impaired ability to utilize visual cues to improve speech recognition. In this electroencephalography study we tested this by having SZ and healthy controls (HC) identify different unisensory auditory and bisensory audiovisual syllables at different auditory noise levels. Methods SZ (N = 24) and HC (N = 21) identified one of three different syllables (/da/, /ga/, /ta/) at three different noise levels (no, low, high). Half the trials were unisensory auditory and the other half provided additional visual input of moving lips. Task-evoked mediofrontal N1 and P2 brain potentials triggered to the onset of the auditory syllables were derived and related to behavioral performance. Results In comparison to HC, SZ showed speech recognition deficits for unisensory and bisensory stimuli. These deficits were primarily found in the no noise condition. Paralleling these observations, reduced N1 amplitudes to unisensory and bisensory stimuli in SZ were found in the no noise condition. In HC the N1 amplitudes were positively related to the speech recognition performance, whereas no such relationships were found in SZ. Moreover, no group differences in multisensory speech recognition benefits and N1 suppression effects for bisensory stimuli were observed. Conclusion Our study suggests that reduced N1 amplitudes reflect early auditory and audiovisual speech processing deficits in SZ. The findings that the amplitude effects were confined to salient speech stimuli and the attenuated relationship with behavioral performance in patients compared to HC, indicates a diminished decoding of the auditory speech signals in SZs. Our study also revealed relatively intact multisensory benefits in SZs, which implies that the observed auditory and audiovisual speech recognition deficits were primarily related to aberrant processing of the auditory syllables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Senkowski
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - James K Moran
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Bohec AL, de Loye C, Baltazar M, Blanchet A, Rey R, Kostova M. N400 Peculiarities During Intentional Inferences Production in Subjects With Schizotypal Traits. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. A deficit in context processing may underlie theory of mind (ToM) difficulties in schizophrenia, although few studies to date have explored the impact of contextual processing on ToM performances within the same task. We used electroencephalography to investigate the production of intentional inferences from highly versus weakly structured sentences in healthy participants with schizotypal traits. Thirty-four participants were divided into two groups according to their scores on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). The participants listened to stories that required a degree of understanding in order to produce an inference about the main character’s intention. Each story was followed by a target word that could either be highly predictable (HP), weakly predictable (WP), or incompatible with the context. The results indicate that the N400 component for WP targets was stronger in the high-SPQ group. This increase correlated with the negative dimension of schizotypy. This may reflect difficulties with generating intentional inferences when the context is insufficiently structured for high schizotypy participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Bohec
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: From Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, France
- University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Schizophrenia Expert Centre, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie (EA2027) Université Paris 8, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Claire de Loye
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie (EA2027) Université Paris 8, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Matias Baltazar
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Pôle Pédopsychiatrie, Bron, France
| | - Alain Blanchet
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie (EA2027) Université Paris 8, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Romain Rey
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: From Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, France
- University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Schizophrenia Expert Centre, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Milena Kostova
- Laboratoire Paragraphe (UR 349) Université Paris 8, Saint-Denis, France
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6
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Siddiqui SV, Nizamie SH, Siddiqui MA, Jahan M, Garg S, Tikka SK, Shreekantiah U. Evaluation of N-400 Evoked Response Potential in schizophrenia: An endophenotype or a disease marker? Psychiatry Res 2021; 300:113907. [PMID: 33839423 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
N400 evoked response potentials (ERP) reliably map key semantic deficits in schizophrenia. Assessing them as endophenotypes might help in better understanding of schizophrenia risk and their use as biomarkers. We aimed to study N400 as an endophenotype marker by comparing schizophrenia (SCZ), unaffected first-degree relatives (FDR) and healthy controls (HC) and, by assessing its ability to discriminate these groups. Drug naïve or free SCZ probands (n=30), their unaffected FDRs (n=30) and HC (n=30), underwent a 40-channel ERP recording while performing a custom-made, Hindi- sentence context paradigm task, containing congruent and incongruent conditions. Fifteen centro-parietal (CP) leads, further classified into three regions-midline (CPM), right (CPR) and left (CPL) were selected as electrodes-of-interest for assessing N400. During the incongruent condition, compared to both FDRs and HC, SCZ showed significantly longer N400 latency, at CPM, CPR and CPL, and significantly lesser (more negative) amplitude, at CPM; no significant difference was noted between FDR and HC groups. On discriminant functional analysis, significant N400 predictors could accurately classify 73.3% SCZ from HC and 75% of SCZ from FDR. We conclude that N400 deficits, elicited by the incongruent condition of the sentence task, could be potential biomarkers to define disease state in schizophrenia; they may not be endophenotype markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Veqar Siddiqui
- Dr Shazia Veqar Siddiqui, Ph.D., M.Phil. Consultant Clinical Psychologist Healthy Minds, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - S Haque Nizamie
- Dr S-Haque Nizamie, M.D., D.P.M. Consultant Psychiatrist, Ex-Director Central Institute of Ranchi, Ranchi, India
| | - M Aleem Siddiqui
- Dr Mohd Aleem Siddiqui, M.D., D.P.M, Professor, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, UP, India
| | - Masroor Jahan
- Dr. Masroor Jahan, Ph.D., M.Phil. Additional Professor, Department of Psychology, RINPAS, Ranchi, India
| | - Shobit Garg
- Shobit Garg, M.D., D.P.M. Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sai Krishna Tikka
- Sai Krishna Tikka, M.D., D.P.M. Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bibinagar, India
| | - Umesh Shreekantiah
- Umesh S., M.D., D.P.M. Assistant Professor, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi
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7
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Meyer L, Lakatos P, He Y. Language Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: Assessing Neural Tracking to Characterize the Underlying Disorder(s)? Front Neurosci 2021; 15:640502. [PMID: 33692672 PMCID: PMC7937925 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.640502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits in language production and comprehension are characteristic of schizophrenia. To date, it remains unclear whether these deficits arise from dysfunctional linguistic knowledge, or dysfunctional predictions derived from the linguistic context. Alternatively, the deficits could be a result of dysfunctional neural tracking of auditory information resulting in decreased auditory information fidelity and even distorted information. Here, we discuss possible ways for clinical neuroscientists to employ neural tracking methodology to independently characterize deficiencies on the auditory-sensory and abstract linguistic levels. This might lead to a mechanistic understanding of the deficits underlying language related disorder(s) in schizophrenia. We propose to combine naturalistic stimulation, measures of speech-brain synchronization, and computational modeling of abstract linguistic knowledge and predictions. These independent but likely interacting assessments may be exploited for an objective and differential diagnosis of schizophrenia, as well as a better understanding of the disorder on the functional level-illustrating the potential of neural tracking methodology as translational tool in a range of psychotic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Meyer
- Research Group Language Cycles, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Lakatos
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Yifei He
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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8
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Lepock JR, Ahmed S, Mizrahi R, Gerritsen CJ, Maheandiran M, Bagby RM, Korostil M, Kiang M. N400 event-related brain potential as an index of real-world and neurocognitive function in patients at clinical high risk for schizophrenia. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:68-75. [PMID: 31883227 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The N400 event-related potential is a neurophysiological index of cognitive processing of real-world knowledge. In healthy populations, N400 amplitude is smaller in response to stimuli that are more related to preceding context. This 'N400 semantic priming effect' is thought to reflect activation of contextually related information in semantic memory (SM). N400 semantic priming deficits have been found in schizophrenia, and in patients at clinical high risk (CHR) for this disorder. Because this abnormality in processing relationships between meaningful stimuli could affect ability to navigate everyday situations, we hypothesized it would be associated with real-world functional impairment in CHR patients. Second, we hypothesized it would correlate with global neurocognitive impairment in this group. METHODS We measured N400 semantic priming in 35 CHR patients who viewed prime words each followed by a related or unrelated target word, at stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) of 300 or 750 ms. We measured academic/occupational and social function with the global function (GF): Role and Social scales, and cognitive function with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). RESULTS Decreased N400 semantic priming at the 300-ms SOA correlated with lower GF:Role scores. Decreased N400 semantic priming at the 750-ms SOA correlated with lower MCCB composite scores. CONCLUSIONS Deficits in activating contextually related concepts in SM over short time intervals may contribute to functional impairment in CHR patients. Furthermore, N400 priming deficits over longer intervals may be a biomarker of global cognitive dysfunction in this population. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether these deficits are associated with schizophrenia risk within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Lepock
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Ahmed
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cory J Gerritsen
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - R Michael Bagby
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele Korostil
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Kiang
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Lepock JR, Ahmed S, Mizrahi R, Gerritsen CJ, Maheandiran M, Drvaric L, Bagby RM, Korostil M, Light GA, Kiang M. Relationships between cognitive event-related brain potential measures in patients at clinical high risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res 2020; 226:84-94. [PMID: 30683525 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurophysiological measures of cognitive functioning that are abnormal in patients with schizophrenia are promising candidate biomarkers for predicting development of psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR). We examined the relationships among event-related brain potential (ERP) measures of early sensory, pre-attentional, and attention-dependent cognition, in antipsychotic-naïve help-seeking CHR patients (n = 36) and healthy control participants (n = 22). These measures included the gamma auditory steady-state response (ASSR; early sensory); mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a (pre-attentional); and N400 semantic priming effects - a measure of using meaningful context to predict related items - over a shorter and a longer time interval (attention-dependent). Compared to controls, CHR patients had significantly smaller P3a amplitudes (d = 0.62, p = 0.03) and N400 priming effects over the long interval (d = 0.64, p = 0.02). In CHR patients, gamma ASSR evoked power and phase-locking factor were correlated (r = 0.41, p = 0.03). Reductions in mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a amplitudes were also correlated (r = -0.36, p = 0.04). Moreover, lower gamma ASSR evoked power correlated with smaller MMN amplitudes (r = -0.45, p = 0.02). MMN amplitude reduction was also associated with reduced N400 semantic priming over the shorter but not the longer interval (r = 0.52, p < 0.002). This pattern of results suggests that, in a subset of CHR patients, impairment in pre-attentional measures of early information processing may contribute to deficits in attention-dependent cognition involving rapid, more automatic processing, but may be independent from pathological processes affecting more controlled or strategic processing. Thus, combining neurophysiological indices of cognitive deficits in different domains offers promise for improving their predictive power as prognostic biomarkers of clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Lepock
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Ahmed
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cory J Gerritsen
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lauren Drvaric
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Michael Bagby
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele Korostil
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory A Light
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael Kiang
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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10
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The N400 event-related brain potential response: A window on deficits in predicting meaning in schizophrenia. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 145:65-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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EEG correlates of face recognition in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:986-996. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Lepock JR, Mizrahi R, Korostil M, Maheandiran M, Gerritsen CJ, Drvaric L, Ahmed S, Bagby RM, Kiang M. N400 event-related brain potential evidence for semantic priming deficits in persons at clinical high risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res 2019; 204:434-436. [PMID: 30193760 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Lepock
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele Korostil
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Cory J Gerritsen
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Drvaric
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Ahmed
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Michael Bagby
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Kiang
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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13
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Helfrich RF, Knight RT. Cognitive neurophysiology: Event-related potentials. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 160:543-558. [PMID: 31277875 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64032-1.00036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) are one of the most commonly used tools to assess cognitive processing with a high temporal resolution. We provide an updated view of the cortical origins of evoked responses and discuss potential mechanisms contributing to ERP generation. In particular, we focus on the relationship between evoked and ongoing oscillatory activity and discuss the differences between ERPs and cortical activation as indexed by high-frequency activity in human intracranial electroencephalography (EEG). We highlight several possibilities for how ERPs can precisely index human perception and behavior in nontraditional approaches, such as neuronal entrainment through steady-state evoked potentials, multivariate decoding, and cross-frequency correlations. We argue that analyses of time-locked responses are beneficial to assess nonlinear and nonsinusoidal neuronal activity on a fine-grained temporal scale, since analyses in the time domain are less susceptible to artifacts than spectral decomposition techniques. Taken together, the current review provides a state-of-the-art overview of ERPs and their application in cognitive and clinical neurophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph F Helfrich
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.
| | - Robert T Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Ruiz JC, Soler MJ, Dasí C, Fuentes I, Tomás P. The effect of associative strength on semantic priming in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2018; 259:1-6. [PMID: 29024854 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present research was designed to investigate the pattern of semantic priming in schizophrenia as a function of strength of association (or semantic distance between concepts in the semantic network). Thirty schizophrenia patients, without formal thought disorder, and twenty-nine healthy controls participated in a lexical decision task in which prime-target associative strength (strong, weak and not related) and stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA: 250ms and 750ms) were manipulated. Patients and controls showed the same associative strength effect on RTs. In the short SOA condition priming effects were obtained for both strong and weak prime-target associative conditions. However in the long SOA priming was only significant for strongly associated pairs. This pattern of priming effects was similar in both groups, with higher priming on the short SOA and strong association conditions. Altogether results suggest that automatic semantic spreading activation is unimpaired in schizophrenia patients without formal thought disorder. These results are in line with the general evidence of impaired implicit priming observed only in patients with formal thought disorder. At the same time patients use context as controls to facilitate word processing. Finally, these findings evidence that, prime-target associative strength could moderate results in studies of semantic memory deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Ruiz
- Facultad de Psicología, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Carmen Dasí
- Facultad de Psicología, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inma Fuentes
- Facultad de Psicología, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Tomás
- Hospital de día de salud mental "Miguel Servet", Departamento de Salud Valencia La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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15
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An Event Related Potentials Study of Semantic Coherence Effect during Episodic Encoding in Schizophrenia Patients. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2018. [PMID: 29535872 PMCID: PMC5817848 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8501973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this electrophysiological study was to investigate the processing of semantic coherence during encoding in relation to episodic memory processes promoted at test, in schizophrenia patients, by using the N400 paradigm. Eighteen schizophrenia patients and 15 healthy participants undertook a recognition memory task. The stimuli consisted of pairs of words either semantically related or unrelated to a given category name (context). During encoding, both groups exhibited an N400 external semantic coherence effect. Healthy controls also showed an N400 internal semantic coherence effect, but this effect was not present in patients. At test, related stimuli were accompanied by an FN400 old/new effect in both groups and by a parietal old/new effect in the control group alone. In the patient group, external semantic coherence effect was associated with FN400, while, in the control group, it was correlated to the parietal old/new effect. Our results indicate that schizophrenia patients can process the contextual information at encoding to enhance familiarity process for related stimuli at test. Therefore, cognitive rehabilitation therapies targeting the implementation of semantic encoding strategies can mobilize familiarity which in turn can overcome the recollection deficit, promoting successful episodic memory performance in schizophrenia patients.
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16
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Lerner Y, Bleich-Cohen M, Solnik-Knirsh S, Yogev-Seligmann G, Eisenstein T, Madah W, Shamir A, Hendler T, Kremer I. Abnormal neural hierarchy in processing of verbal information in patients with schizophrenia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 17:1047-1060. [PMID: 29349038 PMCID: PMC5768152 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous research indicates abnormal comprehension of verbal information in patients with schizophrenia. Yet the neural mechanism underlying the breakdown of verbal information processing in schizophrenia is poorly understood. Imaging studies in healthy populations have shown a network of brain areas involved in hierarchical processing of verbal information over time. Here, we identified critical aspects of this hierarchy, examining patients with schizophrenia. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined various levels of information comprehension elicited by naturally presented verbal stimuli; from a set of randomly shuffled words to an intact story. Specifically, patients with first episode schizophrenia (N = 15), their non-manifesting siblings (N = 14) and healthy controls (N = 15) listened to a narrated story and randomly scrambled versions of it. To quantify the degree of dissimilarity between the groups, we adopted an inter-subject correlation (inter-SC) approach, which estimates differences in synchronization of neural responses within and between groups. The temporal topography found in healthy and siblings groups were consistent with our previous findings - high synchronization in responses from early sensory toward high order perceptual and cognitive areas. In patients with schizophrenia, stimuli with short and intermediate temporal scales evoked a typical pattern of reliable responses, whereas story condition (long temporal scale) revealed robust and widespread disruption of the inter-SCs. In addition, the more similar the neural activity of patients with schizophrenia was to the average response in the healthy group, the less severe the positive symptoms of the patients. Our findings suggest that system-level neural indication of abnormal verbal information processing in schizophrenia reflects disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Lerner
- Tel Aviv Center for Brain Functions, Tel Aviv, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neurosceince, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Maya Bleich-Cohen
- Tel Aviv Center for Brain Functions, Tel Aviv, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shimrit Solnik-Knirsh
- Tel Aviv Center for Brain Functions, Tel Aviv, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galit Yogev-Seligmann
- Tel Aviv Center for Brain Functions, Tel Aviv, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamir Eisenstein
- Tel Aviv Center for Brain Functions, Tel Aviv, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Alon Shamir
- MAZOR Mental Health Center, Acre, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Talma Hendler
- Tel Aviv Center for Brain Functions, Tel Aviv, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neurosceince, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilana Kremer
- MAZOR Mental Health Center, Acre, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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17
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Impaired context processing during irony comprehension in schizotypy: An ERPs study. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 105:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Xu Y, Chai H, Zhang B, Gao Q, Fan H, Zheng L, Mao H, Zhang Y, Wang W. Event-related potentials elicited by the Deutsch "high-low" word illusion in the patients with first-episode schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:33. [PMID: 26892784 PMCID: PMC4758162 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact cerebral structural and functional mechanisms under the auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) in schizophrenia are still unclear. The Deutsch "high-low" word illusion might trigger attentional responses mimicking those under AVHs. METHODS We therefore have invited 16 patients with first-episode, paranoid schizophrenia, and 16 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers to undergo the "oddball" event-related potentials elicited by the illusion. The clinical characteristics of patients were measured with the positive and negative symptom scale. RESULTS Besides the longer reaction time to the illusion, the standard P2 latency was shortened, the N2 latency was prolonged, and both N1 and P3 amplitudes were reduced in patients. The P3 source analyses showed the activated bilateral temporal lobes, parietal lobe and cingulate cortex in both groups, left inferior temporal gyrus in controls, and left postcentral gyrus in schizophrenia. Moreover, the N1 amplitude was positively correlated with the paranoid score in patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results were in line with previous neurophysiological and neuroimaging reports of hallucination or auditory processing in schizophrenia, and illustrated a whole process of cerebral information processing from N1 to P3, indicating this illusion had triggered a dynamic cerebral response similar to that of the AVHs had engaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Xu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hao Chai
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Bingren Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hongying Fan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Leilei Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hongjing Mao
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yonghua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Clinical Psychology, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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19
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Schneider S, Wagels L, Haeussinger FB, Fallgatter AJ, Ehlis AC, Rapp AM. Haemodynamic and electrophysiological markers of pragmatic language comprehension in schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2015; 16:398-410. [PMID: 25816925 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1019359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed at investigating neurophysiological markers of language perception in schizophrenia using simultaneous near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and event-related potentials (ERPs), which have been proven to be useful for studying language processing abilities in psychiatric patients. The study shall help to integrate previous findings from ERP and fMRI studies on figurative language comprehension in schizophrenia and elucidate how electrophysiological and haemodynamic markers of language processing are related. METHODS Twenty-two healthy subjects and 22 schizophrenia patients judged 120 sentences regarding their meaningfulness. Phrases were literal, metaphoric, or meaningless. EEG-fNIRS signals were recorded throughout the entire experiment. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients showed deficient and delayed sentence comprehension. Both the early N400 and left-hemispheric activation during language comprehension were altered in patients. Correlation analyses showed that metaphor-related ERPs were strongly linked to haemodynamic cortical activity in healthy subjects, but not in patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate group differences in cortical electrophysiological and haemodynamic activation that represent rather general impairments in the processing of complex language. Simultaneous EEG/NIRS applications are useful to depict these neural markers and to investigate their relationship. Future studies are needed to clarify the nature of respective anomalies and their potential as putative neural markers in schizophrenia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schneider
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Lisa Wagels
- b Department of Psychiatry , Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Aachen , Aachen , Germany
| | - Florian B Haeussinger
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Alexander M Rapp
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
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20
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Pinheiro AP, Del Re E, Nestor PG, Mezin J, Rezaii N, McCarley RW, Gonçalves ÓF, Niznikiewicz M. Abnormal interactions between context, memory structure, and mood in schizophrenia: an ERP investigation. Psychophysiology 2015; 52:20-31. [PMID: 25047946 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study used event-related potentials to examine interactions between mood, sentence context, and semantic memory structure in schizophrenia. Seventeen male chronic schizophrenia and 15 healthy control subjects read sentence pairs after positive, negative, or neutral mood induction. Sentences ended with expected words (EW), within-category violations (WCV), or between-category violations (BCV). Across all moods, patients showed sensitivity to context indexed by reduced N400 to EW relative to both WCV and BCV. However, they did not show sensitivity to the semantic memory structure. N400 abnormalities were particularly enhanced under a negative mood in schizophrenia. These findings suggest abnormal interactions between mood, context processing, and connections within semantic memory in schizophrenia, and a specific role of negative mood in modulating semantic processes in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Pinheiro
- Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Battal Merlet L, Morel S, Blanchet A, Lockman H, Kostova M. Effect of semantic coherence on episodic memory processes in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220:752-9. [PMID: 25240943 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with severe episodic retrieval impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility that schizophrenia patients could improve their familiarity and/or recollection processes by manipulating the semantic coherence of to-be-learned stimuli and using deep encoding. Twelve schizophrenia patients and 12 healthy controls of comparable age, gender, and educational level undertook an associative recognition memory task. The stimuli consisted of pairs of words that were either related or unrelated to a given semantic category. The process dissociation procedure was used to calculate the estimates of familiarity and recollection processes. Both groups showed enhanced memory performances for semantically related words. However, in healthy controls, semantic relatedness led to enhanced recollection, while in schizophrenia patients, it induced enhanced familiarity. The familiarity estimates for related words were comparable in both groups, indicating that familiarity could be used as a compensatory mechanism in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lâle Battal Merlet
- Université Paris 8, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie, EA 2027, 2 rue de la Liberté, 93526 Saint-Denis Cedex, France; University Malaya, Psychological Medicine Department, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shasha Morel
- Université Paris 8, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie, EA 2027, 2 rue de la Liberté, 93526 Saint-Denis Cedex, France; Université François-Rabelais, UMR-CNRS 7295, CeRCA, Tours, France
| | - Alain Blanchet
- Université Paris 8, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie, EA 2027, 2 rue de la Liberté, 93526 Saint-Denis Cedex, France
| | - Hazlin Lockman
- University Malaya, Psychological Medicine Department, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Milena Kostova
- Université Paris 8, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie, EA 2027, 2 rue de la Liberté, 93526 Saint-Denis Cedex, France
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22
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Jackson F, Foti D, Kotov R, Perlman G, Mathalon DH, Proudfit GH. An incongruent reality: the N400 in relation to psychosis and recovery. Schizophr Res 2014; 160:208-15. [PMID: 25449716 PMCID: PMC4258120 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairments and delusions are hallmarks of schizophrenia, and are thought to be due in part to abnormalities in semantic priming. The N400, a neural measure of semantic processing, is found to be reduced in schizophrenia. However, it is unclear if individuals with other psychoses (e.g., mood disorders or substance abuse with psychotic features) also show this impairment, and whether N400 reduction relates to real-world functioning and recovery. METHODS Eighty-nine individuals from the Suffolk County Mental Health Project, a longitudinal study of first-admission psychosis, and 35 healthy adults were assessed using matched, related, and unrelated picture-word pairs to elicit the N400. Patients' real-world functioning, symptomatology, and recovery were tracked since first hospitalization; EEG assessment was completed during year 15 of the study. RESULTS Participants with schizophrenia had slower reaction times and reduced N400 to semantically incongruent stimuli relative to healthy participants. Schizophrenia and other psychoses did not differ on N400, suggesting that N400 abnormalities characterize psychosis broadly. When grouped by recovery status, patients who remained ill had a significantly blunted N400, while those who recovered did not differ from healthy adults. Few patients with schizophrenia achieved recovery; therefore recovery results are limited to the other psychosis group. Furthermore, reduced N400 and increased reaction times correlated with greater psychotic symptoms, worse global assessment of functioning scores, unemployment, and impaired social functioning. CONCLUSIONS Abnormalities in the N400 are not specific to schizophrenia; in addition, the N400 may be a useful neural correlate of recovery and real-world functioning across psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Jackson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
| | - Dan Foti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West
Lafayette, IN
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stony Brook
University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Greg Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stony Brook
University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco,
San Francisco, CA
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23
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Bentall RP, de Sousa P, Varese F, Wickham S, Sitko K, Haarmans M, Read J. From adversity to psychosis: pathways and mechanisms from specific adversities to specific symptoms. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2014; 49:1011-22. [PMID: 24919446 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-014-0914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although there is considerable evidence that adversities in childhood such as social deprivation, sexual abuse, separation from parents, neglect and exposure to deviant parental communication are associated with psychosis in later life, most studies have considered broad diagnoses as outcomes. In this review we consider evidence for pathways between specific types of adversity and specific symptoms of psychosis. METHODS We present theoretical arguments for expecting some degree of specificity (although by no means perfect specificity) between different kinds of adversity and different symptoms of psychosis. We review studies that have investigated social-environmental risk factors for thought disorder, auditory-verbal hallucinations and paranoid delusions, and consider how these risk factors may impact on specific psychological and biological mechanisms. RESULTS Communication deviance in parents has been implicated in the development of thought disorder in offspring, childhood sexual abuse has been particularly implicated in auditory-verbal hallucinations, and attachment-disrupting events (e.g. neglect, being brought up in an institution) may have particular potency for the development of paranoid symptoms. Current research on psychological mechanisms underlying these symptoms suggests a number of symptom-specific mechanisms that may explain these associations. CONCLUSIONS Few studies have considered symptoms, underlying mechanisms and different kinds of adversity at the same time. Future research along these lines will have the potential to elucidate the mechanisms that lead to severe mental illness, and may have considerable clinical implications.
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Tonelli HA. How semantic deficits in schizotypy help understand language and thought disorders in schizophrenia: a systematic and integrative review. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2014; 36:75-88. [DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2013-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Disorders of thought are psychopathological phenomena commonly present in schizophrenia and seem to result from deficits of semantic processing. Schizotypal personality traits consist of tendencies to think and behave that are qualitatively similar to schizophrenia, with greater vulnerability to such disorder. This study reviewed the literature about semantic processing deficits in samples of individuals with schizotypal traits and discussed the impact of current knowledge upon the comprehension of schizophrenic thought disorders. Studies about the cognitive performance of healthy individuals with schizotypal traits help understand the semantic deficits underlying psychotic thought disorders with the advantage of avoiding confounding factors usually found in samples of individuals with schizophrenia, such as the use of antipsychotics and hospitalizations. Methods: A search for articles published in Portuguese or English within the last 10 years on the databases MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycInfo, LILACS and Biological Abstracts was conducted, using the keywords semantic processing, schizotypy and schizotypal personality disorder. Results: The search retrieved 44 manuscripts, out of which 11 were firstly chosen. Seven manuscripts were additionally included after reading these papers. Conclusion: The great majority of the included studies showed that schizotypal subjects might exhibit semantic processing deficits. They help clarify about the interfaces between cognitive, neurophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms underlying not only thought disorders, but also healthy human mind's creativity.
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25
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Kostova M, Bohec AL, Blanchet A. Event-related brain potential study of expectancy and semantic matching in schizotypy. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 92:67-73. [PMID: 24607603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Priming studies have revealed semantic processing abnormalities in subjects that display high schizotypal traits. The objective of the present study was to further elucidate the contribution of predictive (expectancy) and integrative (semantic matching) context processing to the semantic deficit described in schizotypy. Thirty-six participants were assigned into high or low schizotypy groups according to their score on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), and event-related brain potentials were recorded while these individuals performed semantic judgments based on asymmetrically associated word pairs. Viewed in one direction (forward), the target was highly predictable from the prime, whereas in the backward direction, the prime-to-target association was weak. It was assumed that the forward condition would be dependent on expectancy generation, while the backward condition would rely on semantic matching. In the low-SPQ group, forward and backward related words evoked a reduced (less negative) N400 amplitude compared to unrelated words, resulting in a significant forward and backward N400 priming effect, respectively. By contrast, only forward related words were facilitated in the high-SPQ group, resulting in significant forward priming and a lack of backward priming. Furthermore, the N400 amplitude for forward related words was less negative within the high-SPQ group in comparison to the low-SPQ group, which indicated easier semantic access to predictable words for high-SPQ individuals. Therefore, schizotypy may be associated with an imbalance in the use of predictive and integrative context processing strategies, namely preserved, if not over allocated, expectancy generation along with altered integration of unpredictable words due to semantic matching deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Kostova
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie, EA 2027, Université Paris 8, Saint-Denis, France.
| | - Anne-Lise Bohec
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie, EA 2027, Université Paris 8, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Alain Blanchet
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie, EA 2027, Université Paris 8, Saint-Denis, France
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26
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Kiang M, Christensen BK, Zipursky RB. Event-related brain potential study of semantic priming in unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Res 2014; 153:78-86. [PMID: 24451397 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with abnormalities in using meaningful stimuli to activate or prime related concepts in semantic long-term memory. A neurophysiological index of this activation is the N400, an event-related brain potential (ERP) waveform elicited by meaningful stimuli, which is normally reduced (made less negative) by relatedness between the eliciting stimulus and preceding ones (N400 semantic priming). Schizophrenia patients exhibit N400 semantic priming deficits, suggesting impairment in using meaningful context to activate related concepts. To address whether this abnormality is a trait-like marker of liability to schizophrenia or, alternatively, a biomarker of the illness itself, we tested for its presence in schizophrenia patients' unaffected biological relatives. We recorded ERPs from 12 unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients, 12 schizophrenia patients, and 12 normal control participants (NCPs) who viewed prime words each followed at 300- or 750-ms stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) by an unrelated or related target word, or a nonword, in a lexical-decision task. As expected, across SOAs, NCPs exhibited smaller (less negative) N400 amplitudes for related versus unrelated targets. The same pattern held in relatives, whose N400 amplitudes for related and unrelated targets did not differ from NCPs'. In contrast, consistent with previous results, schizophrenia patients exhibited larger N400 amplitudes than NCPs (and relatives) for related targets, such that patients' N400 amplitudes for related and unrelated targets did not differ. N400 amplitudes for unrelated targets did not differ between the three groups. Thus, N400 semantic priming deficits in a visual word-pair paradigm may be an illness biomarker for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kiang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Bruce K Christensen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert B Zipursky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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