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Matsunaga M, Takeuchi M, Watanabe S, Takeda AK, Kikusui T, Mogi K, Nagasawa M, Hagihara K, Myowa M. Intestinal microbiome and maternal mental health: preventing parental stress and enhancing resilience in mothers. Commun Biol 2024; 7:235. [PMID: 38424440 PMCID: PMC10904874 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of mothers suffering from mental illness is increasing steadily, particularly under conditions of the coronavirus pandemic. The identification of factors that contribute to resilience in mothers is urgently needed to decrease the risks of poor physical and psychological health. We focused on the risk of parenting stress and psychological resilience in healthy mothers with no psychiatric and physical disorders and conducted two studies to examine the relationships between intestinal microbiota, physical condition, and psychological state. Our results showed that alpha diversity and beta diversity of the microbiome are related to high parenting stress risk. Psychological resilience and physical conditions were associated with relative abundances of the genera Blautia, Clostridium, and Eggerthella. This study helps further understand the gut-brain axis mechanisms and supports proposals for enhancing resilience in mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Matsunaga
- Department of Advanced Hybrid Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mariko Takeuchi
- Department of Advanced Hybrid Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Takefumi Kikusui
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mogi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miho Nagasawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hagihara
- Department of Advanced Hybrid Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Myowa
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Lone JB, Long JZ, Svensson KJ. Size matters: the biochemical logic of ligand type in endocrine crosstalk. LIFE METABOLISM 2024; 3:load048. [PMID: 38425548 PMCID: PMC10904031 DOI: 10.1093/lifemeta/load048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The endocrine system is a fundamental type of long-range cell-cell communication that is important for maintaining metabolism, physiology, and other aspects of organismal homeostasis. Endocrine signaling is mediated by diverse blood-borne ligands, also called hormones, including metabolites, lipids, steroids, peptides, and proteins. The size and structure of these hormones are fine-tuned to make them bioactive, responsive, and adaptable to meet the demands of changing environments. Why has nature selected such diverse ligand types to mediate communication in the endocrine system? What is the chemical, signaling, or physiologic logic of these ligands? What fundamental principles from our knowledge of endocrine communication can be applied as we continue as a field to uncover additional new circulating molecules that are claimed to mediate long-range cell and tissue crosstalk? This review provides a framework based on the biochemical logic behind this crosstalk with respect to their chemistry, temporal regulation in physiology, specificity, signaling actions, and evolutionary development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Barkat Lone
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katrin J. Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA
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Minagawa Y, Hata M, Yamamoto E, Tsuzuki D, Morimoto S. Inter-brain synchrony during mother-infant interactive parenting in 3-4-month-old infants with and without an elevated likelihood of autism spectrum disorder. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11609-11622. [PMID: 37885119 PMCID: PMC10724871 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal bonding for mammalian infants is critical for their survival. Additionally, it is important for human infants' development into social creatures. However, despite the ample neurobiological evidence of attachment for the mother's brain, the interplay of this system in infants is poorly understood. We aimed to identify the neural substrates of synchrony in mothers and infants under three interactive conditions and compare the differences between groups with (n = 16) and without (n = 71) an elevated likelihood of autism spectrum disorder by examining the inter-brain synchrony between mothers and their 3-4-month-old infants. Mother-infant hyperscanning with functional near-infrared spectroscopy was performed during breastfeeding and while each of the mother and experimenter was holding the infants. The results showed almost no group differences, with both groups demonstrating the strongest inter-brain coupling for breastfeeding. The cerebral foci underlying these couplings differed between mothers and infants: the ventral prefrontal cortex, focusing on the right orbitofrontal cortex, in the mother and the left temporoparietal junction in the infant were chiefly involved in connecting the two brains. Furthermore, these synchronizations revealed many significant correlations with behavioral measures, including subsequent language development. The maternal reward-motivational system and the infant's elementary mentalization system seem to underlie mother-infant coupling during breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Minagawa
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan
- Human Biology-Microbiome-Quantum Research Center (WPI-Bio2Q), Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Center for Advanced Research of Logic and Sensibility, Global Research Institute, Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hata
- Center for Advanced Research of Logic and Sensibility, Global Research Institute, Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
| | - Eriko Yamamoto
- Center for Advanced Research of Logic and Sensibility, Global Research Institute, Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuzuki
- Department of Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, kochi-shi, Kochi 780-8072, Japan
| | - Satoshi Morimoto
- Center for Advanced Research of Logic and Sensibility, Global Research Institute, Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
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van Sleeuwen C, van Zuiden M, Koch SBJ, Frijling JL, Veltman DJ, Olff M, Nawijn L. How does it feel? An exploration of neurobiological and clinical correlates of alexithymia in trauma-exposed police-officers with and without PTSD. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2281187. [PMID: 38154073 PMCID: PMC10990451 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2281187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alexithymia, an inability to recognise one's emotions, has been associated with trauma-exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research suggests involvement of the oxytocin system, and socio-emotional neural processes. However, the paucity of neurobiological research on alexithymia, particularly in trauma-exposed populations, warrants further investigation.Objective: Explore associations between alexithymia, endogenous oxytocin levels, and socio-emotional brain function and morphometry in a trauma-exposed sample.Method: Dutch trauma-exposed police officers with (n = 38; 18 females) and without PTSD (n = 40; 20 females) were included. Alexithymia was assessed with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Endogenous salivary oxytocin was assessed during rest, using radioimmunoassay. Amygdala and insula reactivity to socio-emotional stimuli were assessed with functional MRI, amygdala and insula grey matter volume were derived using Freesurfer.Results: Alexithymia was higher in PTSD patients compared to trauma-exposed controls (F(1,70) = 54.031, p < .001). Within PTSD patients, alexithymia was positively associated with PTSD severity (ρ(36) = 0.497, p = .002). Alexithymia was not associated with childhood trauma exposure (β = 0.076, p = .509), police work-related trauma exposure (β = -0.107, p = .355), oxytocin levels (β = -0.164, p = .161), insula (β = -0.170, p = .158) or amygdala (β = -0.175, p = .135) reactivity, or amygdala volume (β = 0.146, p = .209). Insula volume was positively associated with alexithymia (β = 0.222, p = .016), though not significant after multiple testing corrections. Bayesian analyses supported a lack of associations.Conclusions: No convincing neurobiological correlates of alexithymia were observed with any of the markers included in the current study. Yet, the current study confirmed high levels of alexithymia in PTSD patients, independent of trauma-exposure, substantiating alexithymia's relevance in the clinical phenotype of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy van Sleeuwen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van Zuiden
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia B. J. Koch
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jessie L. Frijling
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Arq National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Nawijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Li Y, Luo RCX, B Ganapathi P, Wu HE, Liu H, Wang D, Zhang X. Gender differences in empathy and clinical symptoms in chronic schizophrenia patients: a large sample study based on a Chinese Han population. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2023; 27:264-271. [PMID: 36719702 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2023.2171889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empathy is social cognition and reduced empathy in schizophrenia (SCZ) has been noted; however, whether there are gender differences in empathy remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore this issue by examining a large sample of the population with SCZ. METHODS We recruited 987 SCZ patients (M/F = 638/349). The empathy was assessed by The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was adopted to assess their clinical psychiatric symptoms and their ability to recognise the facial emotions of others was assessed by the Pictures Of Facial Affect (POFA). RESULTS Female SCZ patients had higher IRI total score than male patients. In male patients, Pearson correlation analysis showed that empathy was negatively correlated with PANSS total score and negative symptom subscale scores, but positively correlated with anger identification. In female patients, IRI total score was negatively correlated with PANSS total score as well as its positive and negative symptom subscale scores (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION There are gender differences in the empathy of SCZ patients, with female patients having greater empathy and a correlation with their clinical symptoms. This gender difference may provide potential clinical value for the treatment of SCZ.KEY POINTSFemale SCZ were more likely to empathise than males;Female patients had more severe clinical symptoms than males;There were gender differences in the association between certain specific clinical presentations and empathy.In future studies, it may be useful to investigate gender differences in schizophrenia empathy for the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui-Chen-Xi Luo
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pallavi B Ganapathi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hanjing Emily Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Burenkova OV, Dolgorukova TA, An I, Kustova TA, Podturkin AA, Shurdova EM, Talantseva OI, Zhukova MA, Grigorenko EL. Endogenous oxytocin and human social interactions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 2023; 149:549-579. [PMID: 38713749 PMCID: PMC11077008 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
While there has been an increase in studies investigating the relationship between endogenous oxytocin (OXT) concentrations and human social interactions over the past decades, these studies still seem far from converging, both in methodological terms and in terms of their results. This systematic review and meta-analysis were aimed at a comprehensive evaluation and synthesis of empirical evidence on the relationship between endogenous OXT concentrations and human social interactions by reviewing studies published between 1970 and July 2020 and addressing various related methodological and analytical limitations. Sixty-three studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and results from 51 studies were pooled in a meta-analysis (n = 3,741 participants). The results indicated that social interaction did not lead to an expected hormonal response in causal designs, either in a pre-post design (g = 0.079) or when comparing experimental conditions with and without social interaction (g = 0.256). However, in correlational designs, the overall mean effect size (ES) of the correlations between indicators of social interaction and OXT concentrations was significantly different from zero (z = 0.137). In both designs, subgroup analyses revealed that studies involving either parent-child interactions, or the utilization of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for OXT analysis, or unrestricted eating, drinking, or exercise before biofluid collection showed significantly higher than zero mean ESs. This review exposes the observed inconsistencies and suggests that standardized, replicable, and reliable approaches to assessing social interaction and measuring OXT concentrations need to be developed to study neurochemical mechanisms of sociality in humans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Burenkova
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston
- Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston
- Department of Psychology, Saint-Petersburg State University
| | | | - Iuliia An
- Department of Psychology, Saint-Petersburg State University
| | - Tatiana A. Kustova
- Center for Cognitive Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology
| | | | | | | | - Marina A. Zhukova
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston
- Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston
- Department of Psychology, Saint-Petersburg State University
- Center for Cognitive Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology
| | - Elena L. Grigorenko
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston
- Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston
- Department of Psychology, Saint-Petersburg State University
- Center for Cognitive Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine
- Child Study Center, Yale University
- Haskins Laboratories, Yale University
- Research Administration, Moscow State University for Psychology and Education
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Wijenayake S, Martz J, Lapp HE, Storm JA, Champagne FA, Kentner AC. The contributions of parental lactation on offspring development: It's not udder nonsense! Horm Behav 2023; 153:105375. [PMID: 37269591 PMCID: PMC10351876 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis describes how maternal stress exposures experienced during critical periods of perinatal life are linked to altered developmental trajectories in offspring. Perinatal stress also induces changes in lactogenesis, milk volume, maternal care, and the nutritive and non-nutritive components of milk, affecting short and long-term developmental outcomes in offspring. For instance, selective early life stressors shape the contents of milk, including macro/micronutrients, immune components, microbiota, enzymes, hormones, milk-derived extracellular vesicles, and milk microRNAs. In this review, we highlight the contributions of parental lactation to offspring development by examining changes in the composition of breast milk in response to three well-characterized maternal stressors: nutritive stress, immune stress, and psychological stress. We discuss recent findings in human, animal, and in vitro models, their clinical relevance, study limitations, and potential therapeutic significance to improving human health and infant survival. We also discuss the benefits of enrichment methods and support tools that can be used to improve milk quality and volume as well as related developmental outcomes in offspring. Lastly, we use evidence-based primary literature to convey that even though select maternal stressors may modulate lactation biology (by influencing milk composition) depending on the severity and length of exposure, exclusive and/or prolonged milk feeding may attenuate the negative in utero effects of early life stressors and promote healthy developmental trajectories. Overall, scientific evidence supports lactation to be protective against nutritive and immune stressors, but the benefits of lactation in response to psychological stressors need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanoji Wijenayake
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Julia Martz
- School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah E Lapp
- Deparment of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jasmyne A Storm
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Amanda C Kentner
- School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA.
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Tarsha MS, Narvaez D. The evolved nest, oxytocin functioning, and prosocial development. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1113944. [PMID: 37425179 PMCID: PMC10323226 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1113944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prosociality, orientation to attuned, empathic relationships, is built from the ground up, through supportive care in early life that fosters healthy neurobiological structures that shape behavior. Numerous social and environmental factors within early life have been identified as critical variables influencing child physiological and psychological outcomes indicating a growing need to synthesize which factors are the most influential. To address this gap, we examined the influence of early life experiences according to the evolved developmental niche or evolved nest and its influence on child neurobiological and sociomoral outcomes, specifically, the oxytocinergic system and prosociality, respectively. To-date, this is the first review to utilize the evolved nest framework as an investigatory lens to probe connections between early life experience and child neurobiological and sociomoral outcomes. The evolved nest is comprised of characteristics over 30 million years old and is organized to meet a child's basic needs as they mature. Converging evidence indicates that humanity's evolved nest meets the needs of a rapidly developing brain, optimizing normal development. The evolved nest for young children includes soothing perinatal experiences, breastfeeding, positive touch, responsive care, multiple allomothers, self-directed play, social embeddedness, and nature immersion. We examined what is known about the effects of each evolved nest component on oxytocinergic functioning, a critical neurobiological building block for pro-sociomorality. We also examined the effects of the evolved nest on prosociality generally. We reviewed empirical studies from human and animal research, meta-analyses and theoretical articles. The review suggests that evolved nest components influence oxytocinergic functioning in parents and children and help form the foundations for prosociality. Future research and policy should consider the importance of the first years of life in programming the neuroendocrine system that undergirds wellbeing and prosociality. Complex, interaction effects among evolved nest components as well as among physiological and sociomoral processes need to be studied. The most sensible framework for examining what builds and enhances prosociality may be the millions-year-old evolved nest.
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Capshaw G, Brown AD, Peña JL, Carr CE, Christensen-Dalsgaard J, Tollin DJ, Womack MC, McCullagh EA. The continued importance of comparative auditory research to modern scientific discovery. Hear Res 2023; 433:108766. [PMID: 37084504 PMCID: PMC10321136 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
A rich history of comparative research in the auditory field has afforded a synthetic view of sound information processing by ears and brains. Some organisms have proven to be powerful models for human hearing due to fundamental similarities (e.g., well-matched hearing ranges), while others feature intriguing differences (e.g., atympanic ears) that invite further study. Work across diverse "non-traditional" organisms, from small mammals to avians to amphibians and beyond, continues to propel auditory science forward, netting a variety of biomedical and technological advances along the way. In this brief review, limited primarily to tetrapod vertebrates, we discuss the continued importance of comparative studies in hearing research from the periphery to central nervous system with a focus on outstanding questions such as mechanisms for sound capture, peripheral and central processing of directional/spatial information, and non-canonical auditory processing, including efferent and hormonal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Capshaw
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Andrew D Brown
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - José L Peña
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Catherine E Carr
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Tollin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Molly C Womack
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A McCullagh
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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10
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Miolski J. Benefits of breastfeedinig for mother and child. SANAMED 2023. [DOI: 10.5937/sanamed0-41390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding is the best way to feed a child from the first six months until the end of the second year. The unbreakable bond during pregnancy between a mother and her child continues during the lactation process, providing numerous benefits for both the mother and the child. Due to the effects of many hormones after childbirth, lactation offers numerous advantages for the mother. Oxytocin causes reduction of the uterus and bleeding, absence of menstruation, faster return of body weight, lower risk of cancer of the reproductive organs, and prevents the occurrence of osteoporosis and the development of the metabolic syndrome. Breastfeeding certainly ensures a better emotional bond with the child. Specificity in the composition of human milk provides the newborn with short-term and long-term protective effects. Thanks to human oligosaccharides, immunoglobulins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids that influence the composition of the microbiome of the newborn's intestine, as well as the formation of its immune response, breastfed children suffer less from respiratory and digestive infections, food allergies, autoimmune diseases and have been proven to have a higher IQ. Breastfeeding is the best form of feeding for mother and child. The specificity of the composition of human milk ensures optimal growth and development of the child and a healthier life for its mother.
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11
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Roberts D, Jackson L, Davie P, Zhao C, Harrold JA, Fallon V, Silverio SA. Exploring the reasons why mothers do not breastfeed, to inform and enable better support. Front Glob Womens Health 2023; 4:1148719. [PMID: 37122597 PMCID: PMC10132506 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2023.1148719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infant and maternal breastfeeding benefits are well documented, globally. Despite efforts to increase global breastfeeding rates, the majority of high-income settings fall short of recommended targets. Breastfeeding rates in the UK are especially poor, and physiological difficulties (e.g., inverted nipples), fail to account for the observed breastfeeding intention-behaviour gap. Method The current online study sought to investigate the infant feeding experiences of 624 UK formula feeding mothers, through open text survey responses. Results A content analysis identified the following clusters of reasons for formula feeding: Feeding Attitudes, Feeding Problems, Mental Health, and Sharing the Load. Discussion Feeding Attitudes explained a large percentage of reasons given for formula feeding. Recommendations are made to improve antenatal breastfeeding education and to develop an intervention with an aim to improve maternal breastfeeding attitudes and subsequent practice. Feeding Problems also explained a large portion of combination feeding and started but stopped infant feeding accounts. The current paper calls for more comprehensive and tailored antenatal breastfeeding education to refine practical breastfeeding skills necessary for successful breastfeeding establishment and maintenance. Mental Health explained relatively small coverage. Suggestions are therefore made to train mental health practitioners on infant feeding with an aim to provide more extensive support, which may serve to disrupt the bidirectional relationship between poor mental health and poor breastfeeding outcomes. Finally, Sharing the Load explained moderate coverage across never breastfed, combination fed, and started but stopped feeding groups. Recommendations are made, in light of these findings, to tighten workplace legislation to protect breastfeeding women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Jackson
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Correspondence: Leanne Jackson
| | - Philippa Davie
- Department of Women & Children’s Health, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Zhao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne A. Harrold
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Fallon
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio A. Silverio
- Department of Women & Children’s Health, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Emotion Recognition of Violin Playing Based on Big Data Analysis Technologies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:8583924. [PMID: 36159767 PMCID: PMC9499808 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8583924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of Internet technology has promoted the vigorous development of the multimedia. As one of the most classic instruments, the violin has been fully developed in its creation, education, and performance. In the face of more and more violin performances, the effective organization and retrieval of these musical works is an urgent problem to be solved, while it is common to classify and organize music based on the emotional properties of the performance. Deep learning is a model based on feature hierarchy and unsupervised feature learning, which has strong learning ability and adaptability. Based on the recurrent neural network (RNN) method, long short-term memory (LSTM) is one of the classic models of deep learning that can effectively learn the characteristics of time series data and achieve effective predictions. Therefore, based on the classical Hevner emotion classification model, this paper proposes an emotion recognition method for dynamic violin performances based on LSTM, which selects acoustic features and classifies the audio acoustic signals contained in the violin performances. In order to verify the effectiveness of this method, this paper carries out data labeled, feature selection, and model test on the actual violin music data by turn. The results show that the proposed method can greatly reduce the training time and improve the prediction accuracy, which reached 83%, higher than the existing methods. Meanwhile, the accuracy and iteration times of violin playing music of different emotional categories are also counted. Moreover, the method is robust to the genre, timbre, and noise changes, and the emotion recognition effect is superior.
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Permatasari TAE, Syafruddin A. The relationship between oxytocin levels with empathy and breastfeeding intention in female medical students: A cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 81:104486. [PMID: 36147160 PMCID: PMC9486696 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
Few classes of natural products rival the structural audacity of oligosaccharides. Their complexity, however, has stood as an immense roadblock to translational research, as access to homogeneous material from nature is challenging. Thus, while carbohydrates are critical to the myriad functional and structural aspects of the biological sciences, their behavior is largely descriptive. This challenge presents an attractive opportunity for synthetic chemistry, particularly in the area of human milk science. First, there is an inordinate need for synthesizing homogeneous human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Superimposed on this goal is the mission of conducting syntheses at scale to enable animal studies. Herein, we present a personalized rumination of our involvement, and that of our colleagues, which has led to the synthesis and characterization of HMOs and mechanistic probes. Along the way, we highlight chemical, chemoenzymatic, and synthetic biology based approaches. We close with a discussion on emergent challenges and opportunities for synthesis, broadly defined, in human milk science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyan L Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Steven D Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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Diaz-Rojas F, Matsunaga M, Tanaka Y, Kikusui T, Mogi K, Nagasawa M, Asano K, Abe N, Myowa M. Development of the paternal brain in expectant fathers during early pregnancy. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117527. [PMID: 33147508 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human parenting brain network mediates caregiving behaviors. When exposed to the stimuli of their infants, compared with non-parents, both fathers and mothers exhibit distinct patterns of neural activation. As human males, relative to females, do not undergo robust physiological changes during pregnancy, when and how the paternal brain networks begin to form remains unclear. Thus, using functional MRI, we examined brain activation in response to infant-interaction videos in two groups, childless males and first-time expectant fathers during their partners' early pregnancy before remarkable changes in their partners' appearances commenced. Multivoxel pattern analysis revealed that expectant fathers' left anterior insula and inferior frontal gyrus showed incipient changes in response to parenthood during early pregnancy. Furthermore, these changes were associated with several paternal traits, such as a negative image toward parenting. Such external factors might influence the paternal brain's development during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yukari Tanaka
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takefumi Kikusui
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mogi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miho Nagasawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Asano
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Osaka University of Comprehensive Children Education, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Abe
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masako Myowa
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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