1
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Przesmycka K, Herdegen-Radwan M, Phillips KP, Mohammed RS, Radwan J. The quest for good genes: Epigamic traits, fitness, MHC and multilocus heterozygosity in the guppy. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:5055-5070. [PMID: 37492990 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The 'good genes' hypothesis for the evolution of male secondary sexual traits poses that female preferences for such traits are driven by indirect genetic benefits. However, support for the hypothesis remains ambiguous, and, in particular, the genetic basis for the benefits has rarely been investigated. Here, we use seminatural populations of Trinidadian guppies to investigate whether sexually selected traits (orange, black and iridescent colouration, gonopodium length and body size) predict fitness measured as the number of grandoffspring, a metric that integrates across fitness components and sexes. Furthermore, we tested whether two potential sources of genetic benefits-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotypes and multilocus heterozygosity (MLH)-are significant predictors of fitness and of the size of sexually selected traits. We found a significant, nonlinear effect of the area of black pigmentation and male body size on the number of grandoffspring, suggesting stabilizing selection on black area, and nonlinear selection favouring small body size. MLH was heritable (h2 = 0.14) and significantly predicted the number of grandoffspring, indicating the potential for genetic benefits based on heterozygosity. We also found support for local heterozygosity effects, which may reflect a noneven distribution of genetic load across the genome. MHC genotype was not significantly associated with any tested fitness component, or with the load of Gyrodactylus parasites. Neither MHC nor MLH was significant predictor of sexually selected traits. Overall, our results highlight the role of heterozygosity in determining fitness, but do not provide support for male sexually selected traits being indicators of genetic quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Przesmycka
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Karl P Phillips
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Ryan S Mohammed
- Department of Biology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Jacek Radwan
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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2
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Lin Y, Darolti I, van der Bijl W, Morris J, Mank JE. Extensive variation in germline de novo mutations in Poecilia reticulata. Genome Res 2023; 33:1317-1324. [PMID: 37442578 PMCID: PMC10547258 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277936.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The rate of germline mutation is fundamental to evolutionary processes, as it generates the variation upon which selection acts. The guppy, Poecilia reticulata, is a model of rapid adaptation, however the relative contribution of standing genetic variation versus de novo mutation (DNM) to evolution in this species remains unclear. Here, we use pedigree-based approaches to quantify and characterize germline DNMs in three large guppy families. Our results suggest germline mutation rate in the guppy varies substantially across individuals and families. Most DNMs are shared across multiple siblings, suggesting they arose during early embryonic development. DNMs are randomly distributed throughout the genome, and male-biased mutation rate is low, as would be expected from the short guppy generation time. Overall, our study shows remarkable variation in germline mutation rate and provides insights into rapid evolution of guppies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Lin
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Iulia Darolti
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wouter van der Bijl
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jake Morris
- School of Biological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Judith E Mank
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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3
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Lerch BA, Servedio MR. Predation drives complex eco-evolutionary dynamics in sexually selected traits. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002059. [PMID: 37011094 PMCID: PMC10101644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Predation plays a role in preventing the evolution of ever more complicated sexual displays, because such displays often increase an individual's predation risk. Sexual selection theory, however, omits a key feature of predation in modeling costs to sexually selected traits: Predation is density dependent. As a result of this density dependence, predator-prey dynamics should feed back into the evolution of sexual displays, which, in turn, feeds back into predator-prey dynamics. Here, we develop both population and quantitative genetic models of sexual selection that explicitly link the evolution of sexual displays with predator-prey dynamics. Our primary result is that predation can drive eco-evolutionary cycles in sexually selected traits. We also show that mechanistically modeling the cost to sexual displays as predation leads to novel outcomes such as the maintenance of polymorphism in sexual displays and alters ecological dynamics by muting prey cycles. These results suggest predation as a potential mechanism to maintain variation in sexual displays and underscore that short-term studies of sexual display evolution may not accurately predict long-run dynamics. Further, they demonstrate that a common verbal model (that predation limits sexual displays) with widespread empirical support can result in unappreciated, complex dynamics due to the density-dependent nature of predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Lerch
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maria R Servedio
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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4
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Moseby K, Van der Weyde L, Letnic M, Blumstein DT, West R, Bannister H. Addressing prey naivety in native mammals by accelerating selection for antipredator traits. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2780. [PMID: 36394506 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing natural selection to improve conservation outcomes is a recent concept in ecology and evolutionary biology and a potentially powerful tool in species conservation. One possible application is the use of natural selection to improve antipredator responses of mammal species that are threatened by predation from novel predators. We investigated whether long-term exposure of an evolutionary naïve prey species to a novel predator would lead to phenotypic changes in a suite of physical and behavioral traits. We exposed a founder population of 353 burrowing bettongs (Bettongia lesueur) to feral cats (Felis catus) over 5 years and compared the physical and behavioral traits of this population (including offspring) to a control (non-predator exposed) population. We used selection analysis to investigate whether changes in the traits of bettongs were likely due to phenotypic plasticity or natural selection. We also quantified selection in both populations before and during major population crashes caused by drought (control) and high predation pressure (predator-exposed). Results showed that predator-exposed bettongs had longer flight initiation distances, larger hind feet, and larger heads than control bettongs. Trait divergence began soon after exposure and continued to intensify over time for flight initiation distance and hind foot length relative to control bettongs. Selection analysis found indicators of selection for larger hind feet and longer head length in predator-exposed populations. Results of a common garden experiment showed that the progeny of predator-exposed bettongs had larger feet than control bettongs. Results suggest that long-term, low-level exposure of naïve prey to novel predators can drive phenotypic changes that may assist with future conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Moseby
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Arid Recovery, Roxby Downs, South Australia, Australia
| | - Leanne Van der Weyde
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mike Letnic
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel T Blumstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca West
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hannah Bannister
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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5
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Bernal XE, Page RA. Tactics of evasion: strategies used by signallers to deter eavesdropping enemies from exploiting communication systems. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:222-242. [PMID: 36176190 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Eavesdropping predators, parasites and parasitoids exploit signals emitted by their prey and hosts for detection, assessment, localization and attack, and in the process impose strong selective pressures on the communication systems of the organisms they exploit. Signallers have evolved numerous anti-eavesdropper strategies to mitigate the trade-off between the costs imposed from signal exploitation and the need for conspecific communication. Eavesdropper strategies fall along a continuum from opportunistic to highly specialized, and the tightness of the eavesdropper-signaller relationship results in differential pressures on communication systems. A wide variety of anti-eavesdropper strategies mitigate the trade-off between eavesdropper exploitation and conspecific communication. Antagonistic selection from eavesdroppers can result in diverse outcomes including modulation of signalling displays, signal structure, and evolutionary loss or gain of a signal from a population. These strategies often result in reduced signal conspicuousness and in decreased signal ornamentation. Eavesdropping enemies, however, can also promote signal ornamentation. While less common, this alternative outcome offers a unique opportunity to dissect the factors that may lead to different evolutionary pathways. In addition, contrary to traditional assumptions, no sensory modality is completely 'safe' as eavesdroppers are ubiquitous and have a broad array of sensory filters that allow opportunity for signal exploitation. We discuss how anthropogenic change affects interactions between eavesdropping enemies and their victims as it rapidly modifies signalling environments and community composition. Drawing on diverse research from a range of taxa and sensory modalities, we synthesize current knowledge on anti-eavesdropper strategies, discuss challenges in this field and highlight fruitful new directions for future research. Ultimately, this review offers a conceptual framework to understand the diverse strategies used by signallers to communicate under the pressure imposed by their eavesdropping enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena E Bernal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Rachel A Page
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
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6
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Smith S, Mohamed A, Amaral JR, Kusi N, Smith A, Gordon SP, López-Sepulcre A. Rapid evolution of diet choice in an introduced population of Trinidadian guppies. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20220443. [PMID: 36693425 PMCID: PMC9873468 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Eco-evolutionary theory has brought an interest in the rapid evolution of functional traits. Among them, diet is an important determinant of ecosystem structure, affecting food web dynamics and nutrient cycling. However, it is largely unknown whether diet, or diet preference, has a hereditary basis and can evolve on contemporary timescales. Here, we study the diet preferences of Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata collected from directly below an introduction site of fish transplanted from a high-predation environment into a low predation site where their densities and competition increased. Behavioural assays on F2 common garden descendants of the ancestral and derived populations showed that diet preference has rapidly evolved in the introduced population in only 12 years (approx. 36 generations). Specifically, we show that the preference for high-quality food generally found in high-predation guppies is lost in the newly derived low-predation population, who show an inertia toward the first encountered food. This result is predicted by theory stating that organisms should evolve less selective diets under higher competition. Demonstrating that diet preference can show rapid and adaptive evolution is important to our understanding of eco-evolutionary feedbacks and the role of evolution in ecosystem dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna Smith
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Amina Mohamed
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jeferson Ribeiro Amaral
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Nana Kusi
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Alexander Smith
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Swanne P. Gordon
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andrés López-Sepulcre
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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7
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Leith NT, Fowler-Finn KD, Moore MP. Evolutionary interactions between thermal ecology and sexual selection. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1919-1936. [PMID: 35831230 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thermal ecology and mate competition are both pervasive features of ecological adaptation. A surge of recent work has uncovered the diversity of ways in which temperature affects mating interactions and sexual selection. However, the potential for thermal biology and reproductive ecology to evolve together as organisms adapt to their thermal environment has been underappreciated. Here, we develop a series of hypotheses regarding (1) not only how thermal ecology affects mating system dynamics, but also how mating dynamics can generate selection on thermal traits; and (2) how the thermal consequences of mate competition favour the reciprocal co-adaptation of thermal biology and sexual traits. We discuss our hypotheses in the context of both pre-copulatory and post-copulatory processes. We also call for future work integrating experimental and phylogenetic comparative approaches to understand evolutionary feedbacks between thermal ecology and sexual selection. Overall, studying reciprocal feedbacks between thermal ecology and sexual selection may be necessary to understand how organisms have adapted to the environments of the past and could persist in the environments of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah T Leith
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kasey D Fowler-Finn
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael P Moore
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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8
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Evans SE, Zandonà E, Amaral JR, Fitzpatrick SW. Shifts in gut microbiome across five decades of repeated guppy translocations in Trinidadian streams. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20211955. [PMID: 35611540 PMCID: PMC9130790 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An organism's gut microbiome can alter its fitness, yet we do not know how gut microbiomes change as their hosts evolve in the wild. We took advantage of a five-decade 'chronosequence' of translocated fish populations to examine associated changes in the gut microbiome. Populations of Trinidadian guppies have displayed parallel phenotypic convergence six times when moved from high predation (HP) to low predation (LP) environments. Across four drainages, we found microbiomes of fish translocated 5-6 years prior to sampling were already distinct from the microbiomes of their HP source populations. Changes in environmental conditions were most important in driving this shift, followed by phenotypic shifts in gut morphology. After 30-60 years in LP environments, microbiome composition was still distinct from native LP populations, but microbiome function was not. We found some evidence that nitrogen fixation enhanced gut nutrient absorption, but most functional shifts were not parallel across drainages. Stream-and drainage-specific signatures were present for both composition and function, despite our overall finding of consistent microbiome change across drainages. As we unravel the complexities of host-microbiome evolution in the wild, studies should consider environmental microbial colonization, host phenotypic plasticity in nature, and more realistic environmental conditions excluded from laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Evans
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, 3700 E. Gull Lake Dr., Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA,Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - E. Zandonà
- Department of Ecology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - J. Ribeiro Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - S. W. Fitzpatrick
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, 3700 E. Gull Lake Dr., Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA,Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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9
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Whiting MJ, Holland BS, Keogh JS, Noble DWA, Rankin KJ, Stuart-Fox D. Invasive chameleons released from predation display more conspicuous colors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn2415. [PMID: 35544573 PMCID: PMC9094656 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conspicuous social and sexual signals are predicted to experience pronounced character release when natural selection via predation is relaxed. However, we have few good examples of this phenomenon in the wild and none in species with dynamic color change. Here, we show that Jackson's chameleons inadvertently introduced from Kenya to Hawaii (Oahu), where there are no coevolved, native lizard predators, experienced pronounced character release of color signals. Hawaiian chameleons displayed more conspicuous social color signals than Kenyan chameleons during male contests and courtship, were less cryptic in response to bird and snake predators, and showed greater change between display and antipredator color states. Hawaiian chameleon display colors were also more conspicuous in their local than ancestral habitats, consistent with local adaptation of social signals. These results demonstrate that relaxed predation pressure can result in character release of dynamic social signals in introduced species experiencing strong sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Whiting
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Brenden S. Holland
- Department of Natural Science, Hawaii Pacific University, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - J. Scott Keogh
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2602, Australia
| | - Daniel W. A. Noble
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2602, Australia
| | - Katrina J. Rankin
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Devi Stuart-Fox
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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10
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Evolution of the Degenerated Y-Chromosome of the Swamp Guppy, Micropoecilia picta. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071118. [PMID: 35406682 PMCID: PMC8997885 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The conspicuous colour sexual dimorphism of guppies has made them paradigmatic study objects for sex-linked traits and sex chromosome evolution. Both the X- and Y-chromosomes of the common guppy (Poecilia reticulata) are genetically active and homomorphic, with a large homologous part and a small sex specific region. This feature is considered to emulate the initial stage of sex chromosome evolution. A similar situation has been documented in the related Endler’s and Oropuche guppies (P. wingei, P. obscura) indicating a common origin of the Y in this group. A recent molecular study in the swamp guppy (Micropoecilia. picta) reported a low SNP density on the Y, indicating Y-chromosome deterioration. We performed a series of cytological studies on M. picta to show that the Y-chromosome is quite small compared to the X and has accumulated a high content of heterochromatin. Furthermore, the Y-chromosome stands out in displaying CpG clusters around the centromeric region. These cytological findings evidently illustrate that the Y-chromosome in M. picta is indeed highly degenerated. Immunostaining for SYCP3 and MLH1 in pachytene meiocytes revealed that a substantial part of the Y remains associated with the X. A specific MLH1 hotspot site was persistently marked at the distal end of the associated XY structure. These results unveil a landmark of a recombining pseudoautosomal region on the otherwise strongly degenerated Y chromosome of M. picta. Hormone treatments of females revealed that, unexpectedly, no sexually antagonistic color gene is Y-linked in M. picta. All these differences to the Poecilia group of guppies indicate that the trajectories associated with the evolution of sex chromosomes are not in parallel.
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11
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Heckley AM, de Lira JJPR, Hendry AP, Pérez-Jvostov F. How might Gyrodactylus parasitism modify trade-offs between female preference and susceptibility of males to predation in trinidadian guppies? Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:459-467. [PMID: 35331715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A number of examples exist of trade-offs between mating success and survival; that is, success in one fitness component comes at the cost of success in the other fitness component. However, these expected trade-offs are - perhaps even more commonly - not observed. One explanation for this apparent paradox of missing trade-offs could be that the other factors generating fitness variation across individuals confound or obscure the expected trade-off. These confounding effects could arise in two general ways: (i) the additional source of variation could positively (or negatively) influence both fitness components ("shared confounder" hypothesis), or (ii) the additional source of variation could influence only one fitness component ("non-shared confounder" hypothesis). We tested whether parasitism by Gyrodactylus spp. could be a confounder of trade-offs between female preference and susceptibility to predation for male Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata). As in previous work, we did not find the expected trade-off; that is, the males preferred by females were not more likely to be eaten by predators. Because half of the experimental males were infected by Gyrodactylus in a paired design, we were able to show that females discriminated against infected males, but that infected males were not more susceptible to predation. Our results thus provide support for the non-shared confounder hypothesis. That is, by negatively affecting one fitness component (female choice) but not the other (susceptibility to predation), parasitism by Gyrodactylus could obscure the expected trade-off between female preference and susceptibility to predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Heckley
- Department of Biology and the Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke ST W, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C4, Canada.
| | - José Jonathas P R de Lira
- Department of Biology and the Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke ST W, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C4, Canada
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology and the Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke ST W, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C4, Canada
| | - Felipe Pérez-Jvostov
- Department of Biology and the Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke ST W, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C4, Canada
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12
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Fuller RC. Revisiting old truths: The evolution of male coloration in guppies as a function of predation. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:1333-1336. [PMID: 35100465 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata, is a long-studied model for the evolution of trade-offs in male nuptial coloration as a function of female mating preferences versus predation risk. Previous work suggests that female mating preferences favor the evolution of increased conspicuous male coloration in low predation populations. In contrast, high predation risk shifts the balance towards reduced conspicuous coloration. In a From the Cover article in this issue of Molecular Ecology, Yong, Croft, Troscianko, Ramnarine, and Wilson (2021) use visual detection models to estimate the 'conspicuousness' of male color patterns as seen by guppies and their predators. The study fails to find robust patterns of increased conspicuousness in low predation populations. Only one of eight measures of conspicuousness showed parallel changes between high and low predation regimes, forcing us to re-consider the validity and repeatability of this classic example of parallel evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Fuller
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
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13
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Valvo JJ, Aponte JD, Daniel MJ, Dwinell K, Rodd H, Houle D, Hughes KA. Using Delaunay triangulation to sample whole-specimen color from digital images. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12468-12484. [PMID: 34594513 PMCID: PMC8462138 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Color variation is one of the most obvious examples of variation in nature, but biologically meaningful quantification and interpretation of variation in color and complex patterns are challenging. Many current methods for assessing variation in color patterns classify color patterns using categorical measures and provide aggregate measures that ignore spatial pattern, or both, losing potentially important aspects of color pattern.Here, we present Colormesh, a novel method for analyzing complex color patterns that offers unique capabilities. Our approach is based on unsupervised color quantification combined with geometric morphometrics to identify regions of putative spatial homology across samples, from histology sections to whole organisms. Colormesh quantifies color at individual sampling points across the whole sample.We demonstrate the utility of Colormesh using digital images of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata), for which the evolution of color has been frequently studied. Guppies have repeatedly evolved in response to ecological differences between up- and downstream locations in Trinidadian rivers, resulting in extensive parallel evolution of many phenotypes. Previous studies have, for example, compared the area and quantity of discrete color (e.g., area of orange, number of black spots) between these up- and downstream locations neglecting spatial placement of these areas. Using the Colormesh pipeline, we show that patterns of whole-animal color variation do not match expectations suggested by previous work.Colormesh can be deployed to address a much wider range of questions about color pattern variation than previous approaches. Colormesh is thus especially suited for analyses that seek to identify the biologically important aspects of color pattern when there are multiple competing hypotheses or even no a priori hypotheses at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. Valvo
- Department of Biological ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Jose David Aponte
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Mitch J. Daniel
- Department of Biological ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Kenna Dwinell
- Department of Biological ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Helen Rodd
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - David Houle
- Department of Biological ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Kimberly A. Hughes
- Department of Biological ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
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14
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Yong L, Croft DP, Troscianko J, Ramnarine IW, Wilson AJ. Sensory-based quantification of male colour patterns in Trinidadian guppies reveals no support for parallel phenotypic evolution in multivariate trait space. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:1337-1357. [PMID: 34170592 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Parallel evolution, in which independent populations evolve along similar phenotypic trajectories, offers insights into the repeatability of adaptive evolution. Here, we revisit a classic example of parallelism, that of repeated evolution of brighter males in the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata). In guppies, colonisation of low predation habitats is associated with emergence of 'more colourful' phenotypes since predator-induced viability selection for crypsis weakens while sexual selection by female preference for conspicuousness remains strong. Our study differs from previous investigations in three respects. First, we adopted a multivariate phenotyping approach to characterise parallelism in multitrait space. Second, we used ecologically-relevant colour traits defined by the visual systems of the two selective agents (i.e., guppy, predatory cichlid). Third, we estimated population genetic structure to test for adaptive (parallel) evolution against a model of neutral phenotypic divergence. We find strong phenotypic differentiation that is inconsistent with a neutral model but very limited support for the predicted pattern of greater conspicuousness at low predation. Effects of predation regime on each trait were in the expected direction, but weak, largely nonsignificant, and explained little among-population variation. In multitrait space, phenotypic trajectories of lineages colonising low from high predation regimes were not parallel. Our results are consistent with reduced predation risk facilitating adaptive differentiation, potentially by female choice, but suggest that this proceeds in independent directions of multitrait space across lineages. Pool-sequencing data also revealed SNPs showing greater differentiation than expected under neutrality, among which some are found in genes contributing to colour pattern variation, presenting opportunities for future genetic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lengxob Yong
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Darren P Croft
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jolyon Troscianko
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Indar W Ramnarine
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of The West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Alastair J Wilson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
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15
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Almeida DA, Mappes J, Gordon S. Predator-Induced Plasticity on Warning Signal and Larval Life-History Traits of the Aposematic Wood Tiger Moth, Arctia plantaginis. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.658177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predator-induced plasticity in life-history and antipredator traits during the larval period has been extensively studied in organisms with complex life-histories. However, it is unclear whether different levels of predation could induce warning signals in aposematic organisms. Here, we investigated whether predator-simulated handling affects warning coloration and life-history traits in the aposematic wood tiger moth larva, Arctia plantaginis. As juveniles, a larger orange patch on an otherwise black body signifies a more efficient warning signal against predators but this comes at the costs of conspicuousness and thermoregulation. Given this, one would expect that an increase in predation risk would induce flexible expression of the orange patch. Prior research in this system points to plastic effects being important as a response to environmental changes for life history traits, but we had yet to assess whether this was the case for predation risk, a key driver of this species evolution. Using a full-sib rearing design, in which individuals were reared in the presence and absence of a non-lethal simulated bird attack, we evaluated flexible responses of warning signal size (number of orange segments), growth, molting events, and development time in wood tiger moths. All measured traits except development time showed a significant response to predation. Larvae from the predation treatment developed a more melanized warning signal (smaller orange patch), reached a smaller body size, and molted more often. Our results suggest plasticity is indeed important in aposematic organisms, but in this case may be complicated by the trade-off between costly pigmentation and other life-history traits.
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16
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Stephenson JF, Stevens M, Troscianko J, Jokela J. The Size, Symmetry, and Color Saturation of a Male Guppy's Ornaments Forecast His Resistance to Parasites. Am Nat 2020; 196:597-608. [PMID: 33064581 DOI: 10.1086/711033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSexually selected ornaments range from highly dynamic traits to those that are fixed during development and relatively static throughout sexual maturity. Ornaments along this continuum differ in the information they provide about the qualities of potential mates, such as their parasite resistance. Dynamic ornaments enable real-time assessment of the bearer's condition: they can reflect an individual's current infection status, or they can reflect resistance to recent infections. Static ornaments, however, are not affected by recent infection but may instead indicate an individual's genetically determined resistance, even in the absence of infection. Given the typically aggregated distribution of parasites among hosts, infection is unlikely to affect the ornaments of the vast majority of individuals in a population: static ornaments may therefore be the more reliable indicators of parasite resistance. To test this hypothesis, we quantified the ornaments of male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) before experimentally infecting them with Gyrodactylus turnbulli. Males with more left-right symmetrical black coloration and those with larger areas of orange coloration, both static ornaments, were more resistant. However, males with more saturated orange coloration, a dynamic ornament, were less resistant. Female guppies often prefer symmetrical males with larger orange ornaments, suggesting that parasite-mediated natural and sexual selection act in concert on these traits.
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17
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Donihue CM, Herrel A, Martín J, Foufopoulos J, Pafilis P, Baeckens S. Rapid and repeated divergence of animal chemical signals in an island introduction experiment. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:1458-1467. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin M. Donihue
- Department of Biology Washington University St. Louis MI USA
- Département Adaptations du Vivant UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN Paris France
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Département Adaptations du Vivant UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN Paris France
- Department of Biology University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - José Martín
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology Museo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSIC Madrid Spain
| | - Johannes Foufopoulos
- School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Panayiotis Pafilis
- Department of Biology National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Simon Baeckens
- Department of Biology University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
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18
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Gasparini C, Devigili A, Pilastro A. Sexual selection and ageing: interplay between pre- and post-copulatory traits senescence in the guppy. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 286:20182873. [PMID: 30963845 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traits associated with mating and fertilization success are expected to senesce with age, but limited information is available on their relative rates of senescence. In polyandrous species, male reproductive fitness depends on both mating and fertilization success. Because successful mating is a prerequisite for post-copulatory sexual selection, ejaculate traits are expected to senesce faster than pre-copulatory traits, as pre-copulatory sexual selection is often deemed to be stronger than post-copulatory sexual selection. This pattern has generally been found in the few empirical studies conducted so far. We tested this prediction in the guppy ( Poecilia reticulata), a livebearing fish characterized by intense sperm competition, by comparing the expression of male sexual traits at two ages (four and nine months). Contrary to prediction, we found that post-copulatory traits senesced at a significantly slower rate than pre-copulatory traits. We also looked at whether early investment in those sexual traits affects longevity, and the interaction between sperm age (duration of sperm storage inside the male) and male age. Our results suggest that the relative senescence rate of pre- and post-copulatory sexual traits may vary among species with different mating systems and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Gasparini
- 1 Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia , Crawley, Western Australia 6009 , Australia.,2 Department of Biology, University of Padova , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Alessandro Devigili
- 2 Department of Biology, University of Padova , 35131 Padova , Italy.,3 Department of Zoology, Stockholm University , Stockholm 106 91 , Sweden
| | - Andrea Pilastro
- 2 Department of Biology, University of Padova , 35131 Padova , Italy
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19
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Kimock CM, Dubuc C, Brent LJN, Higham JP. Male morphological traits are heritable but do not predict reproductive success in a sexually-dimorphic primate. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19794. [PMID: 31874959 PMCID: PMC6930303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection favours traits that increase reproductive success via increased competitive ability, attractiveness, or both. Male rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) morphological traits are likely to reflect the effects of multiple sexual selection pressures. Here, we use a quantitative genetic approach to investigate the production and maintenance of variation in male rhesus macaque morphometric traits which may be subject to sexual selection. We collected measurements of body size, canine length, and fat, from 125 male and 21 female free-ranging rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago. We also collected testis volumes from males. We used a genetic pedigree to calculate trait heritability, to investigate potential trait trade-offs, and to estimate selection gradients. We found that variation in most male morphometric traits was heritable, but found no evidence of trait trade-offs nor that traits predicted reproductive success. Our results suggest that male rhesus macaque morphometric traits are either not under selection, or are under mechanisms of sexual selection that we could not test (e.g. balancing selection). In species subject to complex interacting mechanisms of selection, measures of body size, weaponry, and testis volume may not increase reproductive success via easily-testable mechanisms such as linear directional selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Kimock
- Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Constance Dubuc
- Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren J N Brent
- Center for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - James P Higham
- Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Reznick DN, Travis J. Experimental Studies of Evolution and Eco-Evo Dynamics in Guppies (Poecilia reticulata). ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Guppies in Trinidad range across aquatic environments with fish communities that vary in risk of predation. These communities are often discrete, separated by waterfalls, with high-predation communities downstream and low-predation communities upstream. This gradient is repeated in many rivers; in each one, we see the same divergence between guppy populations in life history, behavior, morphology, and physiology. We have shown that the agent of selection on the life history, behavior, and physiology in low-predation communities is high population density and the cascade of ecological effects that stems from it. In effect, guppy populations modify their ecosystem and, in so doing, impose selection on themselves and shape their own evolution, which further changes the ecosystem. Evolution unfolds rapidly in this system, which has enabled us to study the dynamics of the process, not just its end points. Those studies enable us to answer some very general questions in ecology and evolutionary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Reznick
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Joseph Travis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
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21
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Sibeaux A, Cole GL, Endler JA. The relative importance of local and global visual contrast in mate choice. Anim Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Brunner FS, Deere JA, Egas M, Eizaguirre C, Raeymaekers JAM. The diversity of eco‐evolutionary dynamics: Comparing the feedbacks between ecology and evolution across scales. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacques A. Deere
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Egas
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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23
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Dargent F, Chen L, Fussmann GF, Ghalambor CK, Hendry AP. Female preference for novel males constrains the contemporary evolution of assortative mating in guppies. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ary202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dargent
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lisa Chen
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University at Fort Collins, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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24
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Gotanda KM, Pack A, LeBlond C, Hendry AP. Do replicates of independent guppy lineages evolve similarly in a predator-free laboratory environment? Ecol Evol 2019; 9:36-51. [PMID: 30680094 PMCID: PMC6342246 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Trinidadian guppy is emblematic of parallel and convergent evolution, with repeated demonstrations that predation regime is a driver of adaptive trait evolution. A classic and foundational experiment in this system was conducted by John Endler 40 years ago, where male guppies placed into low-predation environments in the laboratory evolved increased color in a few generations. However, Endler's experiment did not employ the now typical design for a parallel/convergent evolution study, which would employ replicates of different ancestral lineages. We therefore implemented an experiment that seeded replicate mesocosms with small founding populations of guppies originating from high-predation populations of two very different lineages. The different mesocosms were maintained identically, and male guppy color was quantified every four months. After one year, we tested whether male color had increased, whether replicates within a lineage had parallel phenotypic trajectories, and whether the different lineages converged on a common phenotype. Results showed that male guppy color generally increased through time, primarily due to changes in melanic color, whereas the other colors showed inconsistent and highly variable trajectories. Most of the nonparallelism in phenotypic trajectories was among mesocosms containing different lineages. In addition to this mixture of parallelism and nonparallelism, convergence was not evident in that the variance in color among the mesocosms actually increased through time. We suggest that our results reflect the potential importance of high variation in female preference and stochastic processes such as drift and founder effects, both of which could be important in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoko M. Gotanda
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Amy Pack
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Global ProgramsHealth Standards OrganizationOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Caroline LeBlond
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
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26
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Galván I. Predation risk determines pigmentation phenotype in nuthatches by melanin-related gene expression effects. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:1760-1771. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Galván
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology; Doñana Biological Station; CSIC; Sevilla Spain
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27
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Dick C, Hinh J, Hayashi CY, Reznick DN. Convergent evolution of coloration in experimental introductions of the guppy ( Poecilia reticulata). Ecol Evol 2018; 8:8999-9006. [PMID: 30271561 PMCID: PMC6157698 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the multitude of examples of evolution in action, relatively fewer studies have taken a replicated approach to understand the repeatability of evolution. Here, we examine the convergent evolution of adaptive coloration in experimental introductions of guppies from a high-predation (HP) environment into four low-predation (LP) environments. LP introductions were replicated across 2 years and in two different forest canopy cover types. We take a complementary approach by examining both phenotypes and genetics. For phenotypes, we categorize the whole color pattern on the tail fin of male guppies and analyze evolution using a correspondence analysis. We find that coloration in the introduction sites diverged from the founding Guanapo HP site. Sites group together based on canopy cover, indicating convergence in response to light environment. However, the axis that explains the most variation indicates a lack of convergence. Therefore, evolution may proceed along similar phenotypic trajectories, but still maintain unique variation within sites. For the genetics underlying the divergent phenotypes, we examine expression levels of color genes. We find no evidence for differential expression, indicating that the genetic basis for the color changes remains undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Dick
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyUniversity of California‐RiversideRiversideCalifornia
| | - Jasmine Hinh
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyUniversity of California‐RiversideRiversideCalifornia
| | - Cheryl Y. Hayashi
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology and Sackler Institute for Comparative GenomicsAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNew York
| | - David N. Reznick
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyUniversity of California‐RiversideRiversideCalifornia
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28
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Kemp DJ, Batistic FK, Reznick DN. Predictable adaptive trajectories of sexual coloration in the wild: Evidence from replicate experimental guppy populations. Evolution 2018; 72:2462-2477. [PMID: 30055021 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The question of whether populations evolve predictably and consistently under similar selective regimes is fundamental to understanding how adaptation proceeds in the wild. We address this question with a replicated evolution experiment focused upon male sexual coloration in guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Fish were transplanted from a single high predation population in the Guanapo River to four replicate, guppy-free low predation headwater streams. Two streams had their canopies thinned to adjust the setting under which male coloration is displayed and perceived. We assessed evolutionary divergence using second-generation lab-bred offspring of fish sampled four to six years following translocation. A prior experiment of the same design, performed in an adjacent drainage, resulted in the evolution of more extensive orange, black, and iridescent markings. We however found evidence for expansion only in structural coloration (iridescent blue/green), no change in orange, and a reduction in black. This response amplifies earlier findings for Guanapo fish, revealing that trajectories of color elaboration differ among drainages. We also found that color phenotypes evolved more greatly at the thinned-canopy sites. Our findings support the predictability of sexual trait evolution in the wild, and underscore the importance of signaling conditions and ornamental starting points in shaping adaptive trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell J Kemp
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | | | - David N Reznick
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521
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29
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Campbell DR, Faidiga A, Trujillo G. Clines in traits compared over two decades in a plant hybrid zone. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:315-324. [PMID: 29800076 PMCID: PMC6070099 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Clines in traits across hybrid zones reflect a balance between natural selection and gene flow. Changes over time in average values for traits, and especially the shapes of their clines, are rarely investigated in plants, but could result from evolution in an unstable hybrid zone. Differences in clines between floral and vegetative traits could indicate different strengths of divergent selection. Methods Five floral and two vegetative traits were measured in 12 populations along an elevational gradient spanning a natural hybrid zone between Ipomopsis aggregata and Ipomopsis tenuituba. We compared clines in the floral traits with those measured 25 years ago. Observed changes in mean trait values were compared with predictions based on prior estimates of natural selection. We also compared the steepness and position of clines between the floral and vegetative traits. Key Results Corolla length has increased over five generations to an extent that matches predictions from measurements of phenotypic selection and heritability. The shape of its cline, and that of other traits, has not changed detectably. Clines varied across traits, but not all floral traits showed steeper clines than did vegetative traits. Both suites of morphological traits had steeper clines than did neutral molecular markers. Conclusions The increase in corolla length provides a rare example of a match between predicted and observed evolution of a plant trait in natural populations. The clinal properties are consistent with the hypothesis that habitat-mediated divergent selection on vegetative traits and pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits both maintain species differences across the hybrid zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane R Campbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
| | | | - Gabriel Trujillo
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
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30
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Ghalambor CK, Hoke KL, Ruell EW, Fischer EK, Reznick DN, Hughes KA. Ghalambor et al. reply. Nature 2018; 555:E23. [PMID: 29595766 DOI: 10.1038/nature25497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Kim L Hoke
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Emily W Ruell
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Eva K Fischer
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - David N Reznick
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Kimberly A Hughes
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA
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31
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Devigili A, Fitzpatrick JL, Gasparini C, Ramnarine IW, Pilastro A, Evans JP. Possible glimpses into early speciation: the effect of ovarian fluid on sperm velocity accords with post-copulatory isolation between two guppy populations. J Evol Biol 2017; 31:66-74. [PMID: 29044818 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Identifying mechanisms of reproductive isolation is key to understanding speciation. Among the putative mechanisms underlying reproductive isolation, sperm-female interactions (post-mating-prezygotic barriers) are arguably the hardest to identify, not least because these are likely to operate at the cellular or molecular level. Yet sperm-female interactions offer great potential to prevent the transfer of genetic information between different populations at the initial stages of speciation. Here, we provide a preliminary test for the presence of a putative post-mating-prezygotic barrier operating between three populations of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata), an internally fertilizing fish that inhabits streams with different levels of connectivity across Trinidad. We experimentally evaluate the effect of female ovarian fluid on sperm velocity (a predictor of competitive fertilization success) according to whether males and females were from the same (native) or different (foreign) populations. Our results reveal the potential for ovarian fluid to act as a post-mating-prezygotic barrier between two populations from different drainages, but also that the strength of this barrier is different among populations. This result may explain the previous finding that, in some populations, sperm from native males have precedence over foreign sperm, which could eventually lead to reproductive isolation between these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Devigili
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - J L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences (M092), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - C Gasparini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences (M092), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - I W Ramnarine
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - A Pilastro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - J P Evans
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences (M092), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Gordon SP, Hendry AP, Reznick DN. Predator-induced Contemporary Evolution, Phenotypic Plasticity, and the Evolution of Reaction Norms in Guppies. COPEIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1643/ce-16-522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wright AE, Darolti I, Bloch NI, Oostra V, Sandkam B, Buechel SD, Kolm N, Breden F, Vicoso B, Mank JE. Convergent recombination suppression suggests role of sexual selection in guppy sex chromosome formation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14251. [PMID: 28139647 PMCID: PMC5290318 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex chromosomes evolve once recombination is halted between a homologous pair of chromosomes. The dominant model of sex chromosome evolution posits that recombination is suppressed between emerging X and Y chromosomes in order to resolve sexual conflict. Here we test this model using whole genome and transcriptome resequencing data in the guppy, a model for sexual selection with many Y-linked colour traits. We show that although the nascent Y chromosome encompasses nearly half of the linkage group, there has been no perceptible degradation of Y chromosome gene content or activity. Using replicate wild populations with differing levels of sexually antagonistic selection for colour, we also show that sexual selection leads to greater expansion of the non-recombining region and increased Y chromosome divergence. These results provide empirical support for longstanding models of sex chromosome catalysis, and suggest an important role for sexual selection and sexual conflict in genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E. Wright
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Iulia Darolti
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Natasha I. Bloch
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Vicencio Oostra
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ben Sandkam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Severine D. Buechel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 18 B, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Niclas Kolm
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 18 B, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Felix Breden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Beatriz Vicoso
- Institute of Science and Technology, Am Campus 1A, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Judith E. Mank
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Künstner A, Hoffmann M, Fraser BA, Kottler VA, Sharma E, Weigel D, Dreyer C. The Genome of the Trinidadian Guppy, Poecilia reticulata, and Variation in the Guanapo Population. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0169087. [PMID: 28033408 PMCID: PMC5199103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For over a century, the live bearing guppy, Poecilia reticulata, has been used to study sexual selection as well as local adaptation. Natural guppy populations differ in many traits that are of intuitively adaptive significance such as ornamentation, age at maturity, brood size and body shape. Water depth, light supply, food resources and predation regime shape these traits, and barrier waterfalls often separate contrasting environments in the same river. We have assembled and annotated the genome of an inbred single female from a high-predation site in the Guanapo drainage. The final assembly comprises 731.6 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 5.3 MB. Scaffolds were mapped to linkage groups, placing 95% of the genome assembly on the 22 autosomes and the X-chromosome. To investigate genetic variation in the population used for the genome assembly, we sequenced 10 wild caught male individuals. The identified 5 million SNPs correspond to an average nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.0025. The genome assembly and SNP map provide a rich resource for investigating adaptation to different predation regimes. In addition, comparisons with the genomes of other Poeciliid species, which differ greatly in mechanisms of sex determination and maternal resource allocation, as well as comparisons to other teleost genera can begin to reveal how live bearing evolved in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Künstner
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
- Guest Group Evolutionary Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Margarete Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bonnie A. Fraser
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Verena A. Kottler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eshita Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine Dreyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
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Austen EJ, Weis AE. Estimating selection through male fitness: three complementary methods illuminate the nature and causes of selection on flowering time. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20152635. [PMID: 26911957 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of selection through male fitness is limited by the resource demands and indirect nature of the best available genetic techniques. Applying complementary, independent approaches to this problem can help clarify evolution through male function. We applied three methods to estimate selection on flowering time through male fitness in experimental populations of the annual plant Brassica rapa: (i) an analysis of mating opportunity based on flower production schedules, (ii) genetic paternity analysis, and (iii) a novel approach based on principles of experimental evolution. Selection differentials estimated by the first method disagreed with those estimated by the other two, indicating that mating opportunity was not the principal driver of selection on flowering time. The genetic and experimental evolution methods exhibited striking agreement overall, but a slight discrepancy between the two suggested that negative environmental covariance between age at flowering and male fitness may have contributed to phenotypic selection. Together, the three methods enriched our understanding of selection on flowering time, from mating opportunity to phenotypic selection to evolutionary response. The novel experimental evolution method may provide a means of examining selection through male fitness when genetic paternity analysis is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Austen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2 Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Arthur E Weis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2
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Messer PW, Ellner SP, Hairston NG. Can Population Genetics Adapt to Rapid Evolution? Trends Genet 2016; 32:408-418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Martínez C, Chavarría C, Sharpe DMT, De León LF. Low Predictability of Colour Polymorphism in Introduced Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) Populations in Panama. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148040. [PMID: 26863538 PMCID: PMC4749237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colour polymorphism is a recurrent feature of natural populations, and its maintenance has been studied in a range of taxa in their native ranges. However, less is known about whether (and how) colour polymorphism is maintained when populations are removed from their native environments, as in the case of introduced species. We here address this issue by analyzing variation in colour patterns in recently-discovered introduced populations of the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) in Panama. Specifically, we use classic colour analysis to estimate variation in the number and the relative area of different colour spots across low predation sites in the introduced Panamanian range of the species. We then compare this variation to that found in the native range of the species under low- and high predation regimes. We found aspects of the colour pattern that were both consistent and inconsistent with the classical paradigm of colour evolution in guppies. On one hand, the same colours that dominated in native populations (orange, iridescent and black) were also the most dominant in the introduced populations in Panama. On the other, there were no clear differences between either introduced-low and native low- and high predation populations. Our results are therefore only partially consistent with the traditional role of female preference in the absence of predators, and suggest that additional factors could influence colour patterns when populations are removed from their native environments. Future research on the interaction between female preference and environmental variability (e.g. multifarious selection), could help understand adaptive variation in this widely-introduced species, and the contexts under which variation in adaptive traits parallels (or not) variation in the native range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestino Martínez
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Carmen Chavarría
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
| | | | - Luis Fernando De León
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
- * E-mail:
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Gordon SP, Chen YY, Yamashita K, Bejar C, Wilshire A, Cheung V. Sex-specific genetic differences in endurance swimming of Trinidadian guppies. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:5318-5328. [PMID: 30151134 PMCID: PMC6102513 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Swim performance is considered a main fitness-determining trait in many aquatic organisms. Swimming is generally the only way most aquatic prey can escape predation, and swimming capacity is directly linked to food capture, habitat shifts, and reproduction. Therefore, evolutionary studies of swim performance are important to understand adaptation to aquatic environments. Most studies, however, concentrate on the importance of burst-swim responses to predators, and little is known about its effect on endurance. Even fewer studies associate differences in organism swim capabilities to key gender-specific responses. In this experiment, we assess the gender-specific genetic basis of swimming endurance among four different populations of Trinidadian guppies adapted to different predation regimes. Our results show that second-generation common-garden females adapted to a low-predation environment show longer swim endurance than fish adapted to a high-predation environment. We also find an expected effect of lowered swimming endurance during pregnancy, but interestingly, it did not matter whether the females were in advanced stages of pregnancy, which severely changes body morphology, versus mid-pregnancy. Males did not show the same trends across populations, and overall had lower swim endurances than female fish combined even when accounting for size differences. Populations recently transplanted from high- to low-predation environments showed similar endurance to natural low-predation environments in one population but not the other. This study highlights the importance of endurance in the adaptation of aquatic organisms to different predation regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swanne P. Gordon
- Centre of Excellence in Biological InteractionsDepartment of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Department of BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCalifornia
| | - Yun Yi Chen
- Department of BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCalifornia
| | | | | | - Adam Wilshire
- Department of BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCalifornia
| | - Vinson Cheung
- Department of BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCalifornia
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