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Coenen A. Sensory gating and gaining in sleep: the balance between the protection of sleep and the safeness of life (a review). J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14152. [PMID: 38286435 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is a brain state characterised by a low vigilance level and diminished consciousness. Reaction to and processing of external stimuli is attenuated in sleep. During sleep, the reticular thalamic nucleus reduces the flow of sensory activity to the cerebral cortex through inhibition of the thalamus. This sensory gating process facilitates sleep. After reaching the afferent layers of primary cortex, the reduced sensory flow is adjusted, gained, and processed within various cortical layers before being transferred by the corticofugal system back to appropriate subdivisions of the thalamus as feedback. Thalamic subdivisions then dispatch this sensory information to related areas of the cerebral cortex, where it is (sub)consciously perceived. When necessary, a sleeping individual can be awakened by a wake-up call, either by stimuli indicating danger, or by personally meaningful stimuli. It is safe for a sleeping individual that it can be aroused when necessary. Evidently, there are two processes by which the brain adjusts the response to sensory stimuli before entering (sub)consciousness. Firstly 'sensory gating', a process favourable to the maintenance of sleep by reducing the sensory input to the brain through the reticular thalamic nucleus and secondly 'sensory gaining', a process implying that the gained preserved sensory input is continuously analysed by the corticofugal system to detect dangerous and relevant environmental elements, indispensable for safeness and well-being of the sleeper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Coenen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Donders Centre for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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2
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Rudolph MD, Cohen JR, Madden DJ. Distributed associations among white matter hyperintensities and structural brain networks with fluid cognition in healthy aging. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024:10.3758/s13415-024-01219-3. [PMID: 39300013 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are associated with age-related cognitive impairment and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. However, the manner by which WMHs contribute to cognitive impairment is unclear. Using a combination of predictive modeling and network neuroscience, we investigated the relationship between structural white matter connectivity and age, fluid cognition, and WMHs in 68 healthy adults (18-78 years). Consistent with previous work, WMHs were increased in older adults and exhibited a strong negative association with fluid cognition. Extending previous work, using predictive modeling, we demonstrated that age, WMHs, and fluid cognition were jointly associated with widespread alterations in structural connectivity. Subcortical-cortical connections between the thalamus/basal ganglia and frontal and parietal regions of the default mode and frontoparietal networks were most prominent. At the network level, both age and WMHs were negatively associated with network density and communicability, and positively associated with modularity. Spatially, WMHs were most prominent in arterial zones served by the middle cerebral artery and associated lenticulostriate branches that supply subcortical regions. Finally, WMHs overlapped with all major white matter tracts, most prominently in tracts that facilitate subcortical-cortical communication and are implicated in fluid cognition, including the anterior thalamic-radiations and forceps minor. Finally, results of mediation analyses suggest that whole-brain WMH load influences age-related decline in fluid cognition. Thus, across multiple levels of analysis, we showed that WMHs were increased in older adults and associated with altered structural white matter connectivity and network topology involving subcortical-cortical pathways critical for fluid cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc D Rudolph
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Jessica R Cohen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David J Madden
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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3
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Palandira SP, Falvey A, Carrion J, Zeng Q, Chaudhry S, Grossman K, Turecki L, Nguyen N, Brines M, Chavan SS, Metz CN, Al-Abed Y, Chang EH, Ma Y, Eidelberg D, Vo A, Tracey KJ, Pavlov VA. Early brain neuroinflammatory and metabolic changes identified by dual tracer microPET imaging in mice with acute liver injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.02.610840. [PMID: 39282308 PMCID: PMC11398324 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.02.610840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Acute liver injury (ALI) that progresses into acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening condition with an increasing incidence and associated costs. Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) overdosing is among the leading causes of ALI and ALF in the Northern Hemisphere. Brain dysfunction defined as hepatic encephalopathy is one of the main diagnostic criteria for ALF. While neuroinflammation and brain metabolic alterations significantly contribute to hepatic encephalopathy, their evaluation at early stages of ALI remained challenging. To provide insights, we utilized post-mortem analysis and non-invasive brain micro positron emission tomography (microPET) imaging of mice with APAP-induced ALI. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with vehicle or APAP (600 mg/kg, i.p.). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), liver damage (using H&E staining), hepatic and serum IL-6 levels, and hippocampal IBA1 (using immunolabeling) were evaluated at 24h and 48h. Vehicle and APAP treated animals also underwent microPET imaging utilizing a dual tracer approach, including [ 11 C]-peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ([ 11 C]PBR28) to assess microglia/astrocyte activation and [ 18 F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-2-D-glucose ([ 18 F]FDG) to assess energy metabolism. Brain images were pre-processed and evaluated using conjunction and individual tracer uptake analysis. Results APAP-induced ALI and hepatic and systemic inflammation were detected at 24h and 48h by significantly elevated serum ALT and AST levels, hepatocellular damage, and increased hepatic and serum IL-6 levels. In parallel, increased microglial numbers, indicative for neuroinflammation were observed in the hippocampus of APAP-treated mice. MicroPET imaging revealed overlapping increases in [ 11 C]PBR28 and [ 18 F]FDG uptake in the hippocampus, thalamus, and habenular nucleus indicating microglial/astroglial activation and increased energy metabolism in APAP-treated mice (vs. vehicle-treated mice) at 24h. Similar significant increases were also found in the hypothalamus, thalamus, and cerebellum at 48h. The individual tracer uptake analyses (APAP vs vehicle) at 24h and 48h confirmed increases in these brain areas and indicated additional tracer- and region-specific effects including hippocampal alterations. Conclusion Peripheral manifestations of APAP-induced ALI in mice are associated with brain neuroinflammatory and metabolic alterations at relatively early stages of disease progression, which can be non-invasively evaluated using microPET imaging and conjunction analysis. These findings support further PET-based investigations of brain function in ALI/ALF that may inform timely therapeutic interventions.
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Furutachi S, Franklin AD, Aldea AM, Mrsic-Flogel TD, Hofer SB. Cooperative thalamocortical circuit mechanism for sensory prediction errors. Nature 2024; 633:398-406. [PMID: 39198646 PMCID: PMC11390482 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
The brain functions as a prediction machine, utilizing an internal model of the world to anticipate sensations and the outcomes of our actions. Discrepancies between expected and actual events, referred to as prediction errors, are leveraged to update the internal model and guide our attention towards unexpected events1-10. Despite the importance of prediction-error signals for various neural computations across the brain, surprisingly little is known about the neural circuit mechanisms responsible for their implementation. Here we describe a thalamocortical disinhibitory circuit that is required for generating sensory prediction-error signals in mouse primary visual cortex (V1). We show that violating animals' predictions by an unexpected visual stimulus preferentially boosts responses of the layer 2/3 V1 neurons that are most selective for that stimulus. Prediction errors specifically amplify the unexpected visual input, rather than representing non-specific surprise or difference signals about how the visual input deviates from the animal's predictions. This selective amplification is implemented by a cooperative mechanism requiring thalamic input from the pulvinar and cortical vasoactive-intestinal-peptide-expressing (VIP) inhibitory interneurons. In response to prediction errors, VIP neurons inhibit a specific subpopulation of somatostatin-expressing inhibitory interneurons that gate excitatory pulvinar input to V1, resulting in specific pulvinar-driven response amplification of the most stimulus-selective neurons in V1. Therefore, the brain prioritizes unpredicted sensory information by selectively increasing the salience of unpredicted sensory features through the synergistic interaction of thalamic input and neocortical disinhibitory circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Furutachi
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Andreea M Aldea
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sonja B Hofer
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, UK.
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Petty GH, Bruno RM. Attentional modulation of secondary somatosensory and visual thalamus of mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.22.586242. [PMID: 38585833 PMCID: PMC10996504 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.22.586242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Each sensory modality has its own primary and secondary thalamic nuclei. While the primary thalamic nuclei are well understood to relay sensory information from the periphery to the cortex, the role of secondary sensory nuclei is elusive. One hypothesis has been that secondary nuclei may support feature-based attention. If this is true, one would also expect the activity in different nuclei to reflect the degree to which modalities are or are not behaviorally relevant in a task. We trained head-fixed mice to attend to one sensory modality while ignoring a second modality, namely to attend to touch and ignore vision, or vice versa. Arrays were used to record simultaneously from secondary somatosensory thalamus (POm) and secondary visual thalamus (LP). In mice trained to respond to tactile stimuli and ignore visual stimuli, POm was robustly activated by touch and largely unresponsive to visual stimuli. A different pattern was observed when mice were trained to respond to visual stimuli and ignore touch, with POm now more robustly activated during visual trials. This POm activity was not explained by differences in movements (i.e., whisking, licking, pupil dilation) resulting from the two tasks. Post hoc histological reconstruction of array tracks through POm revealed that subregions varied in their degree of plasticity. LP exhibited similar phenomena. We conclude that behavioral training reshapes activity in secondary thalamic nuclei. Secondary nuclei may respond to behaviorally relevant, reward-predicting stimuli regardless of stimulus modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon H Petty
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Randy M Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
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Yu K, He B. Transcranial focused ultrasound modulates visual thalamus in a nonhuman primate model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.05.606669. [PMID: 39211081 PMCID: PMC11361111 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.05.606669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The thalamus plays a pivotal role as a neural hub, integrating and distributing visual information to cortical regions responsible for visual processing. Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) has emerged as a promising non-invasive brain stimulation technology, enabling modulation of neural circuits with high spatial precision. This study investigates the tFUS neuromodulation at visual thalamus and characterizes the resultant effects on interconnected visual areas in a nonhuman primate model. Experiments were conducted on a rhesus macaque trained in a visual fixation task, combining tFUS stimulation with simultaneous scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and intracranial recordings from area V4, a region closely linked to the thalamus. Ultrasound was delivered through a 128-element random array ultrasound transducer operating at 700 kHz, with the focus steered onto the pulvinar of the thalamus based on neuroanatomical atlas and individual brain model. EEG source imaging revealed localized tFUS-induced activities in the thalamus, midbrain, and visual cortical regions. Critically, tFUS stimulation of the pulvinar can elicit robust neural responses in V4 without visual input, manifested as significant modulations in local field potentials, elevated alpha and gamma power, corroborating the functional thalamocortical connectivity. Furthermore, the tFUS neuromodulatory effects on visually-evoked V4 activities were region-specific within the thalamus and dependent on ultrasound pulse repetition frequency. This work provides direct electrophysiological evidence demonstrating the capability of tFUS in modulating the visual thalamus and its functional impact on interconnected cortical regions in a large mammalian model, paving the way for potential investigations for tFUS treating visual, sensory, and cognitive impairments.
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Lustig C, Bohnen NI. The Middle Managers: Thalamic and Cholinergic Contributions To Coordinating Top-Down And Bottom-Up Processing. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2024; 58:101406. [PMID: 39220566 PMCID: PMC11361277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Methodological advances have facilitated extensive revision of traditional views of thalamic and cholinergic contributions to cognition and behavior. Increasing attention to the integrative capabilities of the thalamus highlights its role beyond a simple sensory relay, recognizing its complex connectivity and role in orchestrating different phases of attention. Correspondingly, modern conceptualizations position the cholinergic system as key in integrating sensory information with attention and goals. These theoretical developments have occurred largely in parallel, but have large conceptual overlap. We review this overlap, including evidence from animal, patient, neuroimaging, and computational studies, and suggest thalamo-cholinergic cognition plays a key role in coordinating stable and flexible attention.
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Tauste Campo A, Zainos A, Vázquez Y, Adell Segarra R, Álvarez M, Deco G, Díaz H, Parra S, Romo R, Rossi-Pool R. Thalamocortical interactions shape hierarchical neural variability during stimulus perception. iScience 2024; 27:110065. [PMID: 38993679 PMCID: PMC11237863 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain is organized hierarchically to process sensory signals. But, how do functional connections within and across areas contribute to this hierarchical order? We addressed this problem in the thalamocortical network, while monkeys detected vibrotactile stimulus. During this task, we quantified neural variability and directed functional connectivity in simultaneously recorded neurons sharing the cutaneous receptive field within and across VPL and areas 3b and 1. Before stimulus onset, VPL and area 3b exhibited similar fast dynamics while area 1 showed slower timescales. During the stimulus presence, inter-trial neural variability increased along the network VPL-3b-1 while VPL established two main feedforward pathways with areas 3b and 1 to process the stimulus. This lower variability of VPL and area 3b was found to regulate feedforward thalamocortical pathways. Instead, intra-cortical interactions were only anticipated by higher intrinsic timescales in area 1. Overall, our results provide evidence of hierarchical functional roles along the thalamocortical network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Tauste Campo
- Computational Biology and Complex Systems group, Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Avinguda Dr. Marañón, 44-50, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antonio Zainos
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular–Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Yuriria Vázquez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular–Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Raul Adell Segarra
- Computational Biology and Complex Systems group, Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Avinguda Dr. Marañón, 44-50, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manuel Álvarez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular–Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition (CBC), Department of Information Technologies and Communications (DTIC), Pompeu Fabra University, Edifici Mercè Rodoreda, Carrer Trias I Fargas 25-27, 08005 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Héctor Díaz
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular–Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Sergio Parra
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular–Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Román Rossi-Pool
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular–Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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9
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Bagdasarian FA, Hansen HD, Chen J, Yoo CH, Placzek MS, Hooker JM, Wey HY. Acute Effects of Hallucinogens on Functional Connectivity: Psilocybin and Salvinorin-A. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2654-2661. [PMID: 38916752 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The extent of changes in functional connectivity (FC) within functional networks as a common feature across hallucinogenic drug classes is under-explored. This work utilized fMRI to assess the dissociative hallucinogens Psilocybin, a classical serotonergic psychedelic, and Salvinorin-A, a kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, on resting-state FC in nonhuman primates. We highlight overlapping and differing influence of these substances on FC relative to the thalamus, claustrum, prefrontal cortex (PFC), default mode network (DMN), and DMN subcomponents. Analysis was conducted on a within-subject basis. Findings support the cortico-claustro-cortical network model for probing functional effects of hallucinogens regardless of serotonergic potential, with a potential key paradigm centered around the claustrum, PFC, anterior cingulate cortices (ACC), and angular gyrus relationship. Thalamo-cortical networks are implicated but appear dependent on 5-HT2AR activation. Acute desynchronization relative to the DMN for both drugs was also shown. Our findings provide a framework to understand broader mechanisms at which hallucinogens in differing classes may impact subjects regardless of the target receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Bagdasarian
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129-2020, United States
| | - Hanne D Hansen
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129-2020, United States
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129-2020, United States
| | - Chi-Hyeon Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129-2020, United States
| | - Michael S Placzek
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129-2020, United States
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129-2020, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Center for the Neuroscience of Psychedelics, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Hsiao-Ying Wey
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129-2020, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Center for the Neuroscience of Psychedelics, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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Dekundy A, Pichler G, El Badry R, Scheschonka A, Danysz W. Amantadine for Traumatic Brain Injury-Supporting Evidence and Mode of Action. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1558. [PMID: 39062131 PMCID: PMC11274811 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important global clinical issue, requiring not only prevention but also effective treatment. Following TBI, diverse parallel and intertwined pathological mechanisms affecting biochemical, neurochemical, and inflammatory pathways can have a severe impact on the patient's quality of life. The current review summarizes the evidence for the utility of amantadine in TBI in connection to its mechanism of action. Amantadine, the drug combining multiple mechanisms of action, may offer both neuroprotective and neuroactivating effects in TBI patients. Indeed, the use of amantadine in TBI has been encouraged by several clinical practice guidelines/recommendations. Amantadine is also available as an infusion, which may be of particular benefit in unconscious patients with TBI due to immediate delivery to the central nervous system and the possibility of precise dosing. In other situations, orally administered amantadine may be used. There are several questions that remain to be addressed: can amantadine be effective in disorders of consciousness requiring long-term treatment and in combination with drugs approved for the treatment of TBI? Do the observed beneficial effects of amantadine extend to disorders of consciousness due to factors other than TBI? Well-controlled clinical studies are warranted to ultimately confirm its utility in the TBI and provide answers to these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Dekundy
- Merz Therapeutics GmbH, Eckenheimer Landstraße 100, 60318 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Gerald Pichler
- Department of Neurology, Albert-Schweitzer-Hospital Graz, Albert-Schweitzer-Gasse 36, 8020 Graz, Austria;
| | - Reda El Badry
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
| | - Astrid Scheschonka
- Merz Therapeutics GmbH, Eckenheimer Landstraße 100, 60318 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Wojciech Danysz
- Danysz Pharmacology Consulting, Vor den Gärten 16, 61130 Nidderau, Germany
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11
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Oughourlian TC, Rizvi S, Wang C, Kostiuk A, Salamon N, Holly LT, Ellingson BM. Sex-specific alterations in functional connectivity and network topology in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16020. [PMID: 38992236 PMCID: PMC11239916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) experience structural and functional brain reorganization. However, few studies have investigated the influence of sex on cerebral alterations. The present study investigates the role of sex on brain functional connectivity (FC) and global network topology in DCM and healthy controls (HCs). The resting-state functional MRI data was acquired for 100 patients (58 males vs. 42 females). ROI-to-ROI FC and network topological features were characterized for each patient and HC. Group differences in FC and network topological features were examined. Compared to healthy counterparts, DCM males exhibited higher FC between vision-related brain regions, and cerebellum, brainstem, and thalamus, but lower FC between the intracalcarine cortex and frontal and somatosensory cortices, while DCM females demonstrated higher FC between the thalamus and cerebellar and sensorimotor regions, but lower FC between sensorimotor and visual regions. DCM males displayed higher FC within the cerebellum and between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and vision-related regions, while DCM females displayed higher FC between frontal regions and the PCC, cerebellum, and visual regions. Additionally, DCM males displayed significantly greater intra-network connectivity and efficiency compared to healthy counterparts. Results from the present study imply sex-specific supraspinal functional alterations occur in patients with DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia C Oughourlian
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shan Rizvi
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Undergraduate Interdepartmental Program, College of Life Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chencai Wang
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Alex Kostiuk
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noriko Salamon
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Langston T Holly
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Ellingson
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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12
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Brady RG, Leverett SD, Mueller L, Ruscitti M, Latham AR, Smyser TA, Gerstein ED, Warner BB, Barch DM, Luby JL, Rogers CE, Smyser CD. Neighborhood Crime and Externalizing Behavior in Toddlers: A Longitudinal Study With Neonatal fMRI and Parenting. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:733-744. [PMID: 38070869 PMCID: PMC11156792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.09.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prenatal exposure to neighborhood crime has been associated with weaker neonatal frontolimbic connectivity; however, associations with early childhood behavior remain unclear. We hypothesized that living in a high-crime neighborhood would be related to higher externalizing symptoms at age 1 and 2 years, over and above other adversities, and that neonatal frontolimbic connectivity and observed parenting behaviors at 1 year would mediate this relationship. METHOD Participants included 399 pregnant women, recruited as part of the Early Life Adversity, Biological Embedding, and Risk for Developmental Precursors of Mental Disorders (eLABE) study. Geocoded neighborhood crime data was obtained from Applied Geographic Solution. A total of 319 healthy, non-sedated neonates underwent scanning using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on a Prisma 3T scanner and had ≥10 minutes of high-quality data. Infant-Toddler Socioemotional Assessment Externalizing T scores were available for 274 mothers of 1-year-olds and 257 mothers of 2-year-olds. Observed parenting behaviors were available for 202 parent-infant dyads at 1 year. Multilevel and mediation models tested longitudinal associations. RESULTS Living in a neighborhood with high violent (β = 0.15, CI = 0.05-0.27, p = .004) and property (β = 0.10, CI = 0.01-0.20, p = .039) crime was related to more externalizing symptoms at 1 and 2 years, controlling for other adversities. Weaker frontolimbic connectivity was also associated with higher externalizing symptoms at 1 and 2 years. After controlling for other adversities, parenting behaviors mediated the specific association between crime and externalizing symptoms, but frontolimbic connectivity did not. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence that early exposure to neighborhood crime and weaker neonatal frontolimbic connectivity may influence later externalizing symptoms, and suggest that parenting may be an early intervention target for families in high-crime areas. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY This longitudinal study of 399 women and their children found that toddlers who lived in a high crime area during the first 2 years of their lives displayed more externalizing symptoms. Toddlers with weaker frontolimbic brain function at birth also had higher externalizing symptoms at 1 and 2 years. Interestingly, parenting behaviors, but not neonatal brain function, mediated the relationship between neighborhood crime exposure and externalizing symptoms in toddlerhood. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our reference list. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Brady
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Shelby D Leverett
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Liliana Mueller
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michayla Ruscitti
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Aidan R Latham
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Tara A Smyser
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Barbara B Warner
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joan L Luby
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Källstrand J, Niklasson K, Lindvall M, Claesdotter-Knutsson E. Reduced thalamic activity in ADHD under ABR forward masking conditions. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2024; 13:222-228. [PMID: 36524942 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2022.2155520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common chronic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, overactivity, and/or impulsiveness. The prevalence of ADHD varies in different settings and there have been voices raised to call for more objective measures in order to avoid over- and underdiagnosing of ADHD. Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) is a method where click shaped sounds evoke potentials that are recorder from electrodes on the skull of a patient. The aim of this study was to explore possible alterations in the ABR of 29 patients with ADHD compared to 39 healthy controls. We used a forward masked sound. We found differences in ABR that correspond to the thalamic area. The thalamus seems to play an active role in regulation of activity level in ADHD. More research is needed to draw any further conclusions on using ABR as an objective measurement to detect ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katalin Niklasson
- Outpatient Department, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Lindvall
- Outpatient Department, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Claesdotter-Knutsson
- Outpatient Department, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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14
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Bhagwandin A, Molnár Z, Bertelsen MF, Karlsson KÆ, Alagaili AN, Bennett NC, Hof PR, Kaswera-Kyamakya C, Gilissen E, Jayakumar J, Manger PR. Where Do Core Thalamocortical Axons Terminate in Mammalian Neocortex When There Is No Cytoarchitecturally Distinct Layer 4? J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25652. [PMID: 38962882 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Although the mammalian cerebral cortex is most often described as a hexalaminar structure, there are cortical areas (primary motor cortex) and species (elephants, cetaceans, and hippopotami), where a cytoarchitecturally indistinct, or absent, layer 4 is noted. Thalamocortical projections from the core, or first order, thalamic system terminate primarily in layers 4/inner 3. We explored the termination sites of core thalamocortical projections in cortical areas and in species where there is no cytoarchitecturally distinct layer 4 using the immunolocalization of vesicular glutamate transporter 2, a known marker of core thalamocortical axon terminals, in 31 mammal species spanning the eutherian radiation. Several variations from the canonical cortical column outline of layer 4 and core thalamocortical inputs were noted. In shrews/microchiropterans, layer 4 was present, but many core thalamocortical projections terminated in layer 1 in addition to layers 4 and inner 3. In primate primary visual cortex, the sublaminated layer 4 was associated with a specialized core thalamocortical projection pattern. In primate primary motor cortex, no cytoarchitecturally distinct layer 4 was evident and the core thalamocortical projections terminated throughout layer 3. In the African elephant, cetaceans, and river hippopotamus, no cytoarchitecturally distinct layer 4 was observed and core thalamocortical projections terminated primarily in inner layer 3 and less densely in outer layer 3. These findings are contextualized in terms of cortical processing, perception, and the evolutionary trajectory leading to an indistinct or absent cortical layer 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhil Bhagwandin
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Zoltán Molnár
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mads F Bertelsen
- Centre for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Karl Æ Karlsson
- Biomedical Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Nigel C Bennett
- South African Research Chair of Mammal Behavioural Ecology and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Center for Discovery and Innovation, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Emmanuel Gilissen
- Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Laboratory of Histology and Neuropathology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jaikishan Jayakumar
- Sudha Gopalakrishnan Brain Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- Center for Computational Brain Research, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Paul R Manger
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
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Woodrow RE, Menon DK, Stamatakis EA. Repeat traumatic brain injury exacerbates acute thalamic hyperconnectivity in humans. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae223. [PMID: 38989528 PMCID: PMC11235327 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Repeated mild traumatic brain injury is of growing interest regarding public and sporting safety and is thought to have greater adverse or cumulative neurological effects when compared with single injury. While epidemiological links between repeated traumatic brain injury and outcome have been investigated in humans, exploration of its mechanistic substrates has been largely undertaken in animal models. We compared acute neurological effects of repeat mild traumatic brain injury (n = 21) to that of single injury (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 76) using resting-state functional MRI and quantified thalamic functional connectivity, given previous identification of its prognostic potential in human mild traumatic brain injury and rodent repeat mild traumatic brain injury. Acute thalamocortical functional connectivity showed a rank-based trend of increasing connectivity with number of injuries, at local and global scales of investigation. Thus, history of as few as two previous injuries can induce a vulnerable neural environment of exacerbated hyperconnectivity, in otherwise healthy individuals from non-specialist populations. These results further establish thalamocortical functional connectivity as a scalable marker of acute injury and long-term neural dysfunction following mild traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Woodrow
- University Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David K Menon
- University Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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16
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Wachowski MR, Majos M, Milewska-Jędrzejczak M, Głąbiński A, Majos A. Brain neuroplasticity in multiple sclerosis patients in functional magnetic resonance imaging. Part 1: Comparison with healthy volunteers. Pol J Radiol 2024; 89:e308-e315. [PMID: 39040563 PMCID: PMC11262016 DOI: 10.5114/pjr/188633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the activity of motor cortical areas and the resting brain activity in a group of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients compared to a group of healthy individuals according to task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (t-fMRI), resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), and volumetric MRI studies. Material and methods The study enrolled 28 MS patients and 20 healthy volunteers who underwent MRI examinations. Primary motor cortex (M1), premotor area (PMA), supplementary motor area, as well as resting state networks (RSN's) and volumes of selected brain structures were subjected to a detailed analysis. Results In MS patients, a motor task more often resulted in the activation of ipsilateral M1 cortex (observed in 39% of the studied group) as well as the PMA cortex (observed in 32% of MS patients). No differences in resting brain activity were found between the studied groups. Significant differences were observed in volumetric parameters of the total brain volume (healthy volunteers vs. MS patients, respectively): (1197 cm³ vs. 1150 cm³) and volumes of the grey matter (517 cm³ vs. 481 cm³), cerebellum (150 cm³ vs. 136 cm³), thalamus (16.3 cm³ vs. 12.6 cm³), putamen (8.9 cm³ vs. 7.7 cm³), and globus pallidus (4.57 cm³ vs. 3.57 cm³). Conclusions In the MS patients, the motor task required significantly more frequent activation of the primary and secondary ipsilateral motor cortex compared to the group of healthy volunteers. The rs-fMRI study showed no differences in activity patterns within the RSN's. Differences in the total cerebral volume and the volume of the grey matter, cerebellum, thalamus, putamen, and globus pallidus were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Majos
- II Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Głąbiński
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Majos
- II Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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17
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Campbell PW, Govindaiah G, Guido W. Development of reciprocal connections between the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and the thalamic reticular nucleus. Neural Dev 2024; 19:6. [PMID: 38890758 PMCID: PMC11184795 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-024-00183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) serves as an important node between the thalamus and neocortex, regulating thalamocortical rhythms and sensory processing in a state dependent manner. Disruptions in TRN circuitry also figures prominently in several neurodevelopmental disorders including epilepsy, autism, and attentional defects. An understanding of how and when connections between TRN and 1st order thalamic nuclei, such as the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), develop is lacking. We used the mouse visual thalamus as a model system to study the organization, pattern of innervation and functional responses between TRN and the dLGN. Genetically modified mouse lines were used to visualize and target the feedforward and feedback components of these intra-thalamic circuits and to understand how peripheral input from the retina impacts their development.Retrograde tracing of thalamocortical (TC) afferents through TRN revealed that the modality-specific organization seen in the adult, is present at perinatal ages and seems impervious to the loss of peripheral input. To examine the formation and functional maturation of intrathalamic circuits between the visual sector of TRN and dLGN, we examined when projections from each nuclei arrive, and used an acute thalamic slice preparation along with optogenetic stimulation to assess the maturation of functional synaptic responses. Although thalamocortical projections passed through TRN at birth, feedforward axon collaterals determined by vGluT2 labeling, emerged during the second postnatal week, increasing in density through the third week. Optogenetic stimulation of TC axon collaterals in TRN showed infrequent, weak excitatory responses near the end of week 1. During weeks 2-4, responses became more prevalent, grew larger in amplitude and exhibited synaptic depression during repetitive stimulation. Feedback projections from visual TRN to dLGN began to innervate dLGN as early as postnatal day 2 with weak inhibitory responses emerging during week 1. During week 2-4, inhibitory responses continued to grow larger, showing synaptic depression during repetitive stimulation. During this time TRN inhibition started to suppress TC spiking, having its greatest impact by week 4-6. Using a mutant mouse that lacks retinofugal projections revealed that the absence of retinal input led to an acceleration of TRN innervation of dLGN but had little impact on the development of feedforward projections from dLGN to TRN. Together, these experiments reveal how and when intrathalamic connections emerge during early postnatal ages and provide foundational knowledge to understand the development of thalamocortical network dynamics as well as neurodevelopmental diseases that involve TRN circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Campbell
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 511 S. Floyd St., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neurosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Gubbi Govindaiah
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 511 S. Floyd St., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - William Guido
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 511 S. Floyd St., Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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18
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Kaduk K, Wilke M, Kagan I. Dorsal pulvinar inactivation leads to spatial selection bias without perceptual deficit. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12852. [PMID: 38834578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The dorsal pulvinar has been implicated in visuospatial attentional and perceptual confidence processing. Pulvinar lesions in humans and monkeys lead to spatial neglect symptoms, including an overt spatial saccade bias during free choices. However, it remains unclear whether disrupting the dorsal pulvinar during target selection that relies on a perceptual decision leads to a perceptual impairment or a more general spatial orienting and choice deficit. To address this question, we reversibly inactivated the unilateral dorsal pulvinar by injecting GABA-A agonist THIP while two macaque monkeys performed a color discrimination saccade task with varying perceptual difficulty. We used Signal Detection Theory and simulations to dissociate perceptual sensitivity (d-prime) and spatial selection bias (response criterion) effects. We expected a decrease in d-prime if dorsal pulvinar affects perceptual discrimination and a shift in response criterion if dorsal pulvinar is mainly involved in spatial orienting. After the inactivation, we observed response criterion shifts away from contralesional stimuli, especially when two competing stimuli in opposite hemifields were present. Notably, the d-prime and overall accuracy remained largely unaffected. Our results underline the critical contribution of the dorsal pulvinar to spatial orienting and action selection while showing it to be less important for visual perceptual discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Kaduk
- Decision and Awareness Group, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Wilke
- Decision and Awareness Group, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Cognitive Neurology Group, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Igor Kagan
- Decision and Awareness Group, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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19
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Yi R, Cheng S, Zhong F, Luo D, You Y, Yu T, Wang H, Zhou L, Zhang Y. GABAergic neurons of anterior thalamic reticular nucleus regulate states of consciousness in propofol- and isoflurane-mediated general anesthesia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14782. [PMID: 38828651 PMCID: PMC11145368 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thalamus system plays critical roles in the regulation of reversible unconsciousness induced by general anesthetics, especially the arousal stage of general anesthesia (GA). But the function of thalamus in GA-induced loss of consciousness (LOC) is little known. The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is the only GABAergic neurons-composed nucleus in the thalamus, which is composed of parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST)-expressing GABAergic neurons. The anterior sector of TRN (aTRN) is indicated to participate in the induction of anesthesia, but the roles remain unclear. This study aimed to reveal the role of the aTRN in propofol and isoflurane anesthesia. METHODS We first set up c-Fos straining to monitor the activity variation of aTRNPV and aTRNSST neurons during propofol and isoflurane anesthesia. Subsequently, optogenetic tools were utilized to activate aTRNPV and aTRNSST neurons to elucidate the roles of aTRNPV and aTRNSST neurons in propofol and isoflurane anesthesia. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings and behavioral tests were recorded and analyzed. Lastly, chemogenetic activation of the aTRNPV neurons was applied to confirm the function of the aTRN neurons in propofol and isoflurane anesthesia. RESULTS c-Fos straining showed that both aTRNPV and aTRNSST neurons are activated during the LOC period of propofol and isoflurane anesthesia. Optogenetic activation of aTRNPV and aTRNSST neurons promoted isoflurane induction and delayed the recovery of consciousness (ROC) after propofol and isoflurane anesthesia, meanwhile chemogenetic activation of the aTRNPV neurons displayed the similar effects. Moreover, optogenetic and chemogenetic activation of the aTRN neurons resulted in the accumulated burst suppression ratio (BSR) during propofol and isoflurane GA, although they represented different effects on the power distribution of EEG frequency. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that the aTRN GABAergic neurons play a critical role in promoting the induction of propofol- and isoflurane-mediated GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulan Yi
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection (Zunyi Medical University), Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Shiyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection (Zunyi Medical University), Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Fuwang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection (Zunyi Medical University), Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Dan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection (Zunyi Medical University), Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Ying You
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection (Zunyi Medical University), Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection (Zunyi Medical University), Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection (Zunyi Medical University), Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection (Zunyi Medical University), Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection (Zunyi Medical University), Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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20
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Billock VA, Dougherty K, Kinney MJ, Preston AM, Winterbottom MD. Multisensory-inspired modeling and neural correlates for two key binocular interactions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11269. [PMID: 38760410 PMCID: PMC11101479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Most binocular vision models assume that the two eyes sum incompletely. However, some facilitatory cortical neurons fire for only one eye, but amplify their firing rates if both eyes are stimulated. These 'binocular gate' neurons closely resemble subthreshold multisensory neurons. Binocular amplification for binocular gate neurons follows a power law, with a compressive exponent. Unexpectedly, this rule also applies to facilitatory true binocular neurons; although driven by either eye, binocular neurons are well modeled as gated amplifiers of their strongest monocular response, if both eyes are stimulated. Psychophysical data follows the same power law as the neural data, with a similar exponent; binocular contrast sensitivity can be modeled as a gated amplification of the more sensitive eye. These results resemble gated amplification phenomena in multisensory integration, and other non-driving modulatory interactions that affect sensory processing. Models of incomplete summation seem unnecessary for V1 facilitatory neurons or contrast sensitivity. However, binocular combination of clearly visible monocular stimuli follows Schrödinger's nonlinear magnitude-weighted average. We find that putatively suppressive binocular neurons closely follow Schrödinger's equation. Similar suppressive multisensory neurons are well documented but seldom studied. Facilitatory binocular neurons and mildly suppressive binocular neurons are likely neural correlates of binocular sensitivity and binocular appearance respectively.
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Grants
- 1R01EY027402-02 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Eye Institute (NEI)
- T32EY007135 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Eye Institute (NEI)
- P30EY008126 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Eye Institute (NEI)
- US Navy Aerospace Medical Reseach Laboratory, Leidos, Dayton, OH, United States
- Princeton University, Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton, NJ, United States
- Naval Air Warfare Center, Human Systems Engineering Department, Patuxent River, MD, United States
- Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, NAMRU-D, Vision and Acceleration, Wright-Patterson AFB
- US Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, United States
- Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Dp_67.2_17_J9_1757 work unit H1814.
- MULTISENSORY-INSPIRED MODELING AND NEURAL CORRELATES FOR TWO KEY BINOCULAR INTERACTIONS
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A Billock
- Leidos, Inc. at the Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, NAMRU-D, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA.
| | - Kacie Dougherty
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Micah J Kinney
- Naval Air Warfare Center, NAWCAD, Patuxent River, MD, USA
| | - Adam M Preston
- Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, NAMRU-D, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Marc D Winterbottom
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
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21
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Whyte CJ, Redinbaugh MJ, Shine JM, Saalmann YB. Thalamic contributions to the state and contents of consciousness. Neuron 2024; 112:1611-1625. [PMID: 38754373 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Consciousness can be conceptualized as varying along at least two dimensions: the global state of consciousness and the content of conscious experience. Here, we highlight the cellular and systems-level contributions of the thalamus to conscious state and then argue for thalamic contributions to conscious content, including the integrated, segregated, and continuous nature of our experience. We underscore vital, yet distinct roles for core- and matrix-type thalamic neurons. Through reciprocal interactions with deep-layer cortical neurons, matrix neurons support wakefulness and determine perceptual thresholds, whereas the cortical interactions of core neurons maintain content and enable perceptual constancy. We further propose that conscious integration, segregation, and continuity depend on the convergent nature of corticothalamic projections enabling dimensionality reduction, a thalamic reticular nucleus-mediated divisive normalization-like process, and sustained coherent activity in thalamocortical loops, respectively. Overall, we conclude that the thalamus plays a central topological role in brain structures controlling conscious experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Whyte
- Centre for Complex Systems, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - James M Shine
- Centre for Complex Systems, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuri B Saalmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
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22
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Dimwamwa ED, Pala A, Chundru V, Wright NC, Stanley GB. Dynamic corticothalamic modulation of the somatosensory thalamocortical circuit during wakefulness. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3529. [PMID: 38664415 PMCID: PMC11045850 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47863-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The feedback projections from cortical layer 6 (L6CT) to the sensory thalamus have long been implicated in playing a primary role in gating sensory signaling but remain poorly understood. To causally elucidate the full range of effects of these projections, we targeted silicon probe recordings to the whisker thalamocortical circuit of awake mice selectively expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 in L6CT neurons. Through optogenetic manipulation of L6CT neurons, multi-site electrophysiological recordings, and modeling of L6CT circuitry, we establish L6CT neurons as dynamic modulators of ongoing spiking in the ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus (VPm), either suppressing or enhancing VPm spiking depending on L6CT neurons' firing rate and synchrony. Differential effects across the cortical excitatory and inhibitory sub-populations point to an overall influence of L6CT feedback on cortical excitability that could have profound implications for regulating sensory signaling across a range of ethologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaida D Dimwamwa
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aurélie Pala
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vivek Chundru
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nathaniel C Wright
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Garrett B Stanley
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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23
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Zhou X, Yang Y, Zhu F, Chen X, Zhu Y, Gui T, Li Y, Xue Q. Neurometabolic and Brain Functional Alterations Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis: A Combined 1H-MRS and fMRI Study. Neuroscience 2024; 544:12-27. [PMID: 38423165 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Whether patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) exhibit cognitive impairment is controversial. Also the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We aimed to investigate alterations in cognitive function, neurometabolite levels, and brain function in patients with MG and to explore the associations between abnormal regional brain functional activity, neurometabolite concentrations in the MPFC and left thalamus, and cognitive activity in patients with MG. Neuropsychological tests, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were performed on 41 patients with MG and 45 race-, sex-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs). The results suggest that MG is accompanied by cognitive decline, as indicated by global cognitive function, visual-spatial function, language, memory, abnormalities in regional brain functional activity, and neurometabolite alterations (including GABA, NAA, and Cho) in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and left thalamus. Cognitive impairment in patients with MG may be related to abnormal regional brain functional activity and changes in neurometabolites, and regional brain functional activity may be modulated by specific neurometabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhou
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Yunfei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Tiantian Gui
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Yonggang Li
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China.
| | - Qun Xue
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China.
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24
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Lewis CM, Wunderle T, Fries P. Top-down modulation of visual cortical stimulus encoding and gamma independent of firing rates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.11.589006. [PMID: 38645050 PMCID: PMC11030389 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.11.589006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Neurons in primary visual cortex integrate sensory input with signals reflecting the animal's internal state to support flexible behavior. Internal variables, such as expectation, attention, or current goals, are imposed in a top-down manner via extensive feedback projections from higher-order areas. We optogenetically activated a high-order visual area, area 21a, in the lightly anesthetized cat (OptoTD), while recording from neuronal populations in V1. OptoTD induced strong, up to several fold, changes in gamma-band synchronization together with much smaller changes in firing rate, and the two effects showed no correlation. OptoTD effects showed specificity for the features of the simultaneously presented visual stimuli. OptoTD-induced changes in gamma synchronization, but not firing rates, were predictive of simultaneous changes in the amount of encoded stimulus information. Our findings suggest that one important role of top-down signals is to modulate synchronization and the information encoded by populations of sensory neurons.
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25
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Neudorfer C, Kultas-Ilinsky K, Ilinsky I, Paschen S, Helmers AK, Cosgrove GR, Richardson RM, Horn A, Deuschl G. The role of the motor thalamus in deep brain stimulation for essential tremor. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00313. [PMID: 38195310 PMCID: PMC11103222 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2023.e00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of next-generation technology has significantly advanced the implementation and delivery of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for Essential Tremor (ET), yet controversies persist regarding optimal targets and networks responsible for tremor genesis and suppression. This review consolidates key insights from anatomy, neurology, electrophysiology, and radiology to summarize the current state-of-the-art in DBS for ET. We explore the role of the thalamus in motor function and describe how differences in parcellations and nomenclature have shaped our understanding of the neuroanatomical substrates associated with optimal outcomes. Subsequently, we discuss how seminal studies have propagated the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim)-centric view of DBS effects and shaped the ongoing debate over thalamic DBS versus stimulation in the posterior subthalamic area (PSA) in ET. We then describe probabilistic- and network-mapping studies instrumental in identifying the local and network substrates subserving tremor control, which suggest that the PSA is the optimal DBS target for tremor suppression in ET. Taken together, DBS offers promising outcomes for ET, with the PSA emerging as a better target for suppression of tremor symptoms. While advanced imaging techniques have substantially improved the identification of anatomical targets within this region, uncertainties persist regarding the distinct anatomical substrates involved in optimal tremor control. Inconsistent subdivisions and nomenclature of motor areas and other subdivisions in the thalamus further obfuscate the interpretation of stimulation results. While loss of benefit and habituation to DBS remain challenging in some patients, refined DBS techniques and closed-loop paradigms may eventually overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Neudorfer
- Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics Department of Neurology Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Igor Ilinsky
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Steffen Paschen
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - G Rees Cosgrove
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Mark Richardson
- Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Horn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics Department of Neurology Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Günther Deuschl
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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Merkulyeva N, Mikhalkin A. Transient expression of heavy-chain neurofilaments in the perigeniculate nucleus of cats. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:489-495. [PMID: 38265459 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The perigeniculate nucleus (PGN) is a visual part of the thalamic reticular nucleus modulating the information transfer between the lateral geniculate nucleus and the visual cortex. This study focused on the postnatal development of the PGN in cats, using the SMI-32 antibody, which recognizes non-phosphorylated heavy-chain neurofilaments responsible for neuronal structural maturation and is also used as a marker for motion processing, or Y, stream. We questioned whether transient neuronal populations exist in the PGN and can they possibly be related to the Y processing stream. We uncovered a transient, robust SMI-32 staining in the PGN of kittens aged 0-34 days with the significant decline in the cellular density of labeled cells in older animals. According to the double-labeling, in all examined age groups, perigeniculate SMI-32-immunopositive cells are part of the main parvalbumin-positive population. The maximal cellular density of the double-stained cells appeared in animals aged 10-28 days. We also revealed that the most significant growth of perigeniculate cells's soma occurred at three postnatal weeks. The possible link of our data to the development of the Y visual processing stream and to the heterogeneity of the perigeniculate neuronal population is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Merkulyeva
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology RAS, Makarov Nab., 6, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 199034.
| | - Aleksandr Mikhalkin
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology RAS, Makarov Nab., 6, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 199034
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Kleeren L, Mailleux L, McLean B, Elliott C, Dequeker G, Van Campenhout A, de Xivry JJO, Verheyden G, Ortibus E, Klingels K, Feys H. Does somatosensory discrimination therapy alter sensorimotor upper limb function differently compared to motor therapy in children and adolescents with unilateral cerebral palsy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2024; 25:147. [PMID: 38409060 PMCID: PMC10895830 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-07967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides motor impairments, up to 90% of the children and adolescents with unilateral cerebral palsy (uCP) present with somatosensory impairments in the upper limb. As somatosensory information is of utmost importance for coordinated movements and motor learning, somatosensory impairments can further compromise the effective use of the impaired upper limb in daily life activities. Yet, intervention approaches specifically designated to target these somatosensory impairments are insufficiently investigated in children and adolescents with uCP. Therefore, the aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to compare the effectiveness of somatosensory discrimination therapy and dose-matched motor therapy to improve sensorimotor upper limb function in children and adolescents with uCP, who experience somatosensory impairments in the upper limb. We will further explore potential behavioral and neurological predictors of therapy response. METHODS A parallel group, evaluator-blinded, phase-II, single-center RCT will be conducted for which 50 children and adolescents with uCP, aged 7 to 15 years, will be recruited. Participants will be randomized to receive 3 weekly sessions of 45 minutes of either somatosensory discrimination therapy or upper limb motor therapy for a period of 8 weeks. Stratification will be performed based on age, manual ability, and severity of tactile impairment at baseline. Sensorimotor upper limb function will be evaluated at baseline, immediately after the intervention and after 6 months follow-up. The primary outcome measure will be bimanual performance as measured with the Assisting Hand Assessment. Secondary outcomes include a comprehensive test battery to objectify somatosensory function and measures of bimanual coordination, unimanual motor function, and goal attainment. Brain imaging will be performed at baseline to investigate structural brain lesion characteristics and structural connectivity of the white matter tracts. DISCUSSION This protocol describes the design of an RCT comparing the effectiveness of somatosensory discrimination therapy and dose-matched motor therapy to improve sensorimotor upper limb function in children and adolescents with uCP. The results of this study may aid in the selection of the most effective upper limb therapy, specifically for children and adolescents with tactile impairments. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06006065). Registered on August 8, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lize Kleeren
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium.
- KU Leuven, Child and Youth Institute, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium.
- Hasselt University, Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Diepenbeek, B-3590, Belgium.
| | - Lisa Mailleux
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Child and Youth Institute, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Belinda McLean
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Kids Rehab WA, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Catherine Elliott
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Kids Rehab WA, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Griet Dequeker
- University Hospitals Leuven, Cerebral Palsy Reference Centre, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Anja Van Campenhout
- KU Leuven, Child and Youth Institute, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Cerebral Palsy Reference Centre, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Research Group of Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Geert Verheyden
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
| | - Els Ortibus
- KU Leuven, Child and Youth Institute, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Cerebral Palsy Reference Centre, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Katrijn Klingels
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
- Hasselt University, Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Diepenbeek, B-3590, Belgium
| | - Hilde Feys
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Child and Youth Institute, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
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Dimwamwa E, Pala A, Chundru V, Wright NC, Stanley GB. Dynamic corticothalamic modulation of the somatosensory thalamocortical circuit during wakefulness. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.18.549491. [PMID: 37503253 PMCID: PMC10370106 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.18.549491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The feedback projections from cortical layer 6 (L6CT) to sensory thalamus have long been implicated in playing a primary role in gating sensory signaling but remain poorly understood. To causally elucidate the full range of effects of these projections, we targeted silicon probe recordings to the whisker thalamocortical circuit of awake mice selectively expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 in L6CT neurons. Through optogenetic manipulation of L6CT neurons, multi-site electrophysiological recordings, and modeling of L6CT circuitry, we establish L6CT neurons as dynamic modulators of ongoing spiking in the ventro-posterior-medial nucleus of thalamus (VPm), either suppressing or enhancing VPm spiking depending on L6CT neurons' firing rate and synchrony. Differential effects across the cortical excitatory and inhibitory sub-populations point to an overall influence of L6CT feedback on cortical excitability that could have profound implications for regulating sensory signaling across a range of ethologically relevant conditions.
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29
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Chandrasekaran AN, Vermani A, Gupta P, Steinmetz N, Moore T, Sridharan D. Dissociable components of attention exhibit distinct neuronal signatures in primate visual cortex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi0645. [PMID: 38306428 PMCID: PMC10836731 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi0645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Attention can be deployed in multiple forms and facilitates behavior by influencing perceptual sensitivity and choice bias. Attention is also associated with a myriad of changes in sensory neural activity. Yet, the relationship between the behavioral components of attention and the accompanying changes in neural activity remains largely unresolved. We examined this relationship by quantifying sensitivity and bias in monkeys performing a task that dissociated eye movement responses from the focus of covert attention. Unexpectedly, bias, not sensitivity, increased at the focus of covert attention, whereas sensitivity increased at the location of planned eye movements. Furthermore, neuronal activity within visual area V4 varied robustly with bias, but not sensitivity, at the focus of covert attention. In contrast, correlated variability between neuronal pairs was lowest at the location of planned eye movements, and varied with sensitivity, but not bias. Thus, dissociable behavioral components of attention exhibit distinct neuronal signatures within the visual cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayesha Vermani
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, KA, India
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, KA, India
| | - Nicholas Steinmetz
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tirin Moore
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Devarajan Sridharan
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, KA, India
- Computer Science and Automation, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, KA, India
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30
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Pang X, Liang X, Chang W, Lv Z, Zhao J, Wu P, Li X, Wei W, Zheng J. The role of the thalamus in modular functional networks in temporal lobe epilepsy with cognitive impairment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14345. [PMID: 37424152 PMCID: PMC10848054 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive deficit is common in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Here, we aimed to investigate the modular architecture of functional networks associated with distinct cognitive states in TLE patients together with the role of the thalamus in modular networks. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 53 TLE patients and 37 matched healthy controls. All patients received the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test and accordingly were divided into TLE patients with normal cognition (TLE-CN, n = 35) and TLE patients with cognitive impairment (TLE-CI, n = 18) groups. The modular properties of functional networks were calculated and compared including global modularity Q, modular segregation index, intramodular connections, and intermodular connections. Thalamic subdivisions corresponding to the modular networks were generated by applying a 'winner-take-all' strategy before analyzing the modular properties (participation coefficient and within-module degree z-score) of each thalamic subdivision to assess the contribution of the thalamus to modular functional networks. Relationships between network properties and cognitive performance were then further explored. RESULTS Both TLE-CN and TLE-CI patients showed lower global modularity, as well as lower modular segregation index values for the ventral attention network and the default mode network. However, different patterns of intramodular and intermodular connections existed for different cognitive states. In addition, both TLE-CN and TLE-CI patients exhibited anomalous modular properties of functional thalamic subdivisions, with TLE-CI patients presenting a broader range of abnormalities. Cognitive performance in TLE-CI patients was not related to the modular properties of functional network but rather to the modular properties of functional thalamic subdivisions. CONCLUSIONS The thalamus plays a prominent role in modular networks and potentially represents a key neural mechanism underlying cognitive impairment in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Pang
- Department of NeurologyGuangxi Medical University First Affiliated HospitalNanningChina
| | - Xiulin Liang
- Department of NeurologyGuangxi Medical University First Affiliated HospitalNanningChina
| | - Weiwei Chang
- Department of NeurologyGuangxi Medical University First Affiliated HospitalNanningChina
| | - Zongxia Lv
- Department of NeurologyGuangxi Medical University First Affiliated HospitalNanningChina
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- Department of NeurologyGuangxi Medical University First Affiliated HospitalNanningChina
| | - Peirong Wu
- Department of NeurologyGuangxi Medical University First Affiliated HospitalNanningChina
| | - Xinrong Li
- Department of NeurologyGuangxi Medical University First Affiliated HospitalNanningChina
| | - Wutong Wei
- Department of NeurologyGuangxi Medical University First Affiliated HospitalNanningChina
| | - Jinou Zheng
- Department of NeurologyGuangxi Medical University First Affiliated HospitalNanningChina
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31
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Xie M, Huang Y, Cai W, Zhang B, Huang H, Li Q, Qin P, Han J. Neurobiological Underpinnings of Hyperarousal in Depression: A Comprehensive Review. Brain Sci 2024; 14:50. [PMID: 38248265 PMCID: PMC10813043 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit an abnormal physiological arousal pattern known as hyperarousal, which may contribute to their depressive symptoms. However, the neurobiological mechanisms linking this abnormal arousal to depressive symptoms are not yet fully understood. In this review, we summarize the physiological and neural features of arousal, and review the literature indicating abnormal arousal in depressed patients. Evidence suggests that a hyperarousal state in depression is characterized by abnormalities in sleep behavior, physiological (e.g., heart rate, skin conductance, pupil diameter) and electroencephalography (EEG) features, and altered activity in subcortical (e.g., hypothalamus and locus coeruleus) and cortical regions. While recent studies highlight the importance of subcortical-cortical interactions in arousal, few have explored the relationship between subcortical-cortical interactions and hyperarousal in depressed patients. This gap limits our understanding of the neural mechanism through which hyperarousal affects depressive symptoms, which involves various cognitive processes and the cerebral cortex. Based on the current literature, we propose that the hyperconnectivity in the thalamocortical circuit may contribute to both the hyperarousal pattern and depressive symptoms. Future research should investigate the relationship between thalamocortical connections and abnormal arousal in depression, and explore its implications for non-invasive treatments for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (M.X.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (M.X.); (Y.H.)
| | - Wendan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (W.C.); (B.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Bingqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (W.C.); (B.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Haonan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (W.C.); (B.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Qingwei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China;
| | - Pengmin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (M.X.); (Y.H.)
- Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Junrong Han
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (W.C.); (B.Z.); (H.H.)
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Yee Y, Ellegood J, French L, Lerch JP. Organization of thalamocortical structural covariance and a corresponding 3D atlas of the mouse thalamus. Neuroimage 2024; 285:120453. [PMID: 37979895 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
For information from sensory organs to be processed by the brain, it is usually passed to appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex. Almost all of this information passes through the thalamus, a relay structure that reciprocally connects to the vast majority of the cortex. The thalamus facilitates this information transfer through a set of thalamocortical connections that vary in cellular structure, molecular profiles, innervation patterns, and firing rates. Additionally, corticothalamic connections allow for intracortical information transfer through the thalamus. These efferent and afferent connections between the thalamus and cortex have been the focus of many studies, and the importance of cortical connectivity in defining thalamus anatomy is demonstrated by multiple studies that parcellate the thalamus based on cortical connectivity profiles. Here, we examine correlated morphological variation between the thalamus and cortex, or thalamocortical structural covariance. For each voxel in the thalamus as a seed, we construct a cortical structural covariance map that represents correlated cortical volume variation, and examine whether high structural covariance is observed in cortical areas that are functionally relevant to the seed. Then, using these cortical structural covariance maps as features, we subdivide the thalamus into six non-overlapping regions (clusters of voxels), and assess whether cortical structural covariance is associated with cortical connectivity that specifically originates from these regions. We show that cortical structural covariance is high in areas of the cortex that are functionally related to the seed voxel, cortical structural covariance varies along cortical depth, and sharp transitions in cortical structural covariance profiles are observed when varying seed locations in the thalamus. Subdividing the thalamus based on structural covariance, we additionally demonstrate that the six thalamic clusters of voxels stratify cortical structural covariance along the dorsal-ventral, medial-lateral, and anterior-posterior axes. These cluster-associated structural covariance patterns are prominently detected in cortical regions innervated by fibers projecting out of their related thalamic subdivisions. Together, these results advance our understanding of how the thalamus and the cortex couple in their volumes. Our results indicate that these volume correlations reflect functional organization and structural connectivity, and further provides a novel segmentation of the mouse thalamus that can be used to examine thalamic structural variation and thalamocortical structural covariation in disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Yee
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Leon French
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Abukhaled Y, Hatab K, Awadhalla M, Hamdan H. Understanding the genetic mechanisms and cognitive impairments in Down syndrome: towards a holistic approach. J Neurol 2024; 271:87-104. [PMID: 37561187 PMCID: PMC10769995 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The most common genetic cause of intellectual disability is Down syndrome (DS), trisomy 21. It commonly results from three copies of human chromosome 21 (HC21). There are no mutations or deletions involved in DS. Instead, the phenotype is caused by altered transcription of the genes on HC21. These transcriptional variations are responsible for a myriad of symptoms affecting every organ system. A very debilitating aspect of DS is intellectual disability (ID). Although tremendous advances have been made to try and understand the underlying mechanisms of ID, there is a lack of a unified, holistic view to defining the cause and managing the cognitive impairments. In this literature review, we discuss the mechanisms of neuronal over-inhibition, abnormal morphology, and other genetic factors in contributing to the development of ID in DS patients and to gain a holistic understanding of ID in DS patients. We also highlight potential therapeutic approaches to improve the quality of life of DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Abukhaled
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kenana Hatab
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Awadhalla
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamdan Hamdan
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Wang Q, Stepniewska I, Kaas JH. Thalamic connections of the caudal part of the posterior parietal cortex differ from the rostral part in galagos (Otolemur garnettii). J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:1752-1771. [PMID: 37702312 PMCID: PMC10959078 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, thalamic connections of the caudal part of the posterior parietal cortex (PPCc) are described and compared to connections of the rostral part of PPC (PPCr) in strepsirrhine galagos. PPC of galagos is divided into two parts, PPCr and PPCc, based on the responsiveness to electrical stimulation. Stimulation of PPC with long trains of electrical pulses evokes different types of ethologically relevant movements from different subregions ("domains") of PPCr, while it fails to evoke any movements from PPCc. Anatomical tracers were placed in both dorsal and ventral divisions of PPCc to reveal thalamic origins and targets of PPCc connections. We found major thalamic connections of PPCc with the lateral posterior and lateral pulvinar nuclei, distinct from those of PPCr that were mainly with the ventral lateral, anterior pulvinar, and posterior nuclei. The anterior, medial, and inferior pulvinar, ventral anterior, ventral lateral, and intralaminar nuclei had fewer connections with PPCc. Dominant connections of PPCc with lateral posterior and lateral pulvinar nuclei provide evidence that unlike the sensorimotor-orientated PPCr, PPCc is more involved in visual-related functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimeng Wang
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Iwona Stepniewska
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jon H Kaas
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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35
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Mengxing L, Lerma-Usabiaga G, Clascá F, Paz-Alonso PM. High-Resolution Tractography Protocol to Investigate the Pathways between Human Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus and Prefrontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7780-7798. [PMID: 37709539 PMCID: PMC10648582 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0721-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal studies have established that the mediodorsal nucleus (MD) of the thalamus is heavily and reciprocally connected with all areas of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In humans, however, these connections are difficult to investigate. High-resolution imaging protocols capable of reliably tracing the axonal tracts linking the human MD with each of the PFC areas may thus be key to advance our understanding of the variation, development, and plastic changes of these important circuits, in health and disease. Here, we tested in adult female and male humans the reliability of a new reconstruction protocol based on in vivo diffusion MRI to trace, measure, and characterize the fiber tracts interconnecting the MD with 39 human PFC areas per hemisphere. Our protocol comprised the following three components: (1) defining regions of interest; (2) preprocessing diffusion data; and, (3) modeling white matter tracts and tractometry. This analysis revealed largely separate PFC territories of reciprocal MD-PFC tracts bearing striking resemblance with the topographic layout observed in macaque connection-tracing studies. We then examined whether our protocol could reliably reconstruct each of these MD-PFC tracts and their profiles across test and retest sessions. Results revealed that this protocol was able to trace and measure, in both left and right hemispheres, the trajectories of these 39 area-specific axon bundles with good-to-excellent test-retest reproducibility. This protocol, which has been made publicly available, may be relevant for cognitive neuroscience and clinical studies of normal and abnormal PFC function, development, and plasticity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Reciprocal MD-PFC interactions are critical for complex human cognition and learning. Reliably tracing, measuring and characterizing MD-PFC white matter tracts using high-resolution noninvasive methods is key to assess individual variation of these systems in humans. Here, we propose a high-resolution tractography protocol that reliably reconstructs 39 area-specific MD-PFC white matter tracts per hemisphere and quantifies structural information from diffusion MRI data. This protocol revealed a detailed mapping of thalamocortical and corticothalamic MD-PFC tracts in four different PFC territories (dorsal, medial, orbital/frontal pole, inferior frontal) showing structural connections resembling those observed in tracing studies with macaques. Furthermore, our automated protocol revealed high test-retest reproducibility and is made publicly available, constituting a step forward in mapping human MD-PFC circuits in clinical and academic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Mengxing
- Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Garikoitz Lerma-Usabiaga
- Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Francisco Clascá
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autónoma de Madrid University, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro M Paz-Alonso
- Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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36
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Li Z, Peng B, Huang JJ, Zhang Y, Seo MB, Fang Q, Zhang GW, Zhang X, Zhang LI, Tao HW. Enhancement and contextual modulation of visuospatial processing by thalamocollicular projections from ventral lateral geniculate nucleus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7278. [PMID: 37949869 PMCID: PMC10638288 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian visual system, the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN) of the thalamus receives salient visual input from the retina and sends prominent GABAergic axons to the superior colliculus (SC). However, whether and how vLGN contributes to fundamental visual information processing remains largely unclear. Here, we report in mice that vLGN facilitates visually-guided approaching behavior mediated by the lateral SC and enhances the sensitivity of visual object detection. This can be attributed to the extremely broad spatial integration of vLGN neurons, as reflected in their much lower preferred spatial frequencies and broader spatial receptive fields than SC neurons. Through GABAergic thalamocollicular projections, vLGN specifically exerts prominent surround suppression of visuospatial processing in SC, leading to a fine tuning of SC preferences to higher spatial frequencies and smaller objects in a context-dependent manner. Thus, as an essential component of the central visual processing pathway, vLGN serves to refine and contextually modulate visuospatial processing in SC-mediated visuomotor behaviors via visually-driven long-range feedforward inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Li
- Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Bo Peng
- Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Junxiang J Huang
- Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Michelle B Seo
- Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Qi Fang
- Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Guang-Wei Zhang
- Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li I Zhang
- Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Huizhong Whit Tao
- Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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37
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Ding W, Yang L, Shi E, Kim B, Low S, Hu K, Gao L, Chen P, Ding W, Borsook D, Luo A, Choi JH, Wang C, Akeju O, Yang J, Ran C, Schreiber KL, Mao J, Chen Q, Feng G, Shen S. The endocannabinoid N-arachidonoyl dopamine is critical for hyperalgesia induced by chronic sleep disruption. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6696. [PMID: 37880241 PMCID: PMC10600211 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is highly prevalent and is linked to a broad range of comorbidities, including sleep disorders. Epidemiological and clinical evidence suggests that chronic sleep disruption (CSD) leads to heightened pain sensitivity, referred to as CSD-induced hyperalgesia. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) has unique integrative functions in sensory processing, attention/arousal and sleep spindle generation. We report that the TRN played an important role in CSD-induced hyperalgesia in mice, through its projections to the ventroposterior region of the thalamus. Metabolomics revealed that the level of N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA), an endocannabinoid, was decreased in the TRN after CSD. Using a recently developed CB1 receptor (cannabinoid receptor 1) activity sensor with spatiotemporal resolution, CB1 receptor activity in the TRN was found to be decreased after CSD. Moreover, CSD-induced hyperalgesia was attenuated by local NADA administration to the TRN. Taken together, these results suggest that TRN NADA signaling is critical for CSD-induced hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Ding
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liuyue Yang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eleanor Shi
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bowon Kim
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Low
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kun Hu
- Department of Pathology, Tuft University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Ding
- College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Borsook
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Luo
- Summer Intern Program of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, currently at Brandeis University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jee Hyun Choi
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Changning Wang
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oluwaseun Akeju
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chongzhao Ran
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin L Schreiber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianren Mao
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Feng
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Shiqian Shen
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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38
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Howell AM, Warrington S, Fonteneau C, Cho YT, Sotiropoulos SN, Murray JD, Anticevic A. The spatial extent of anatomical connections within the thalamus varies across the cortical hierarchy in humans and macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.22.550168. [PMID: 37546767 PMCID: PMC10401924 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.22.550168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Each cortical area has a distinct pattern of anatomical connections within the thalamus, a central subcortical structure composed of functionally and structurally distinct nuclei. Previous studies have suggested that certain cortical areas may have more extensive anatomical connections that target multiple thalamic nuclei, which potentially allows them to modulate distributed information flow. However, there is a lack of quantitative investigations into anatomical connectivity patterns within the thalamus. Consequently, it remains unknown if cortical areas exhibit systematic differences in the extent of their anatomical connections within the thalamus. To address this knowledge gap, we used diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) to perform brain-wide probabilistic tractography for 828 healthy adults from the Human Connectome Project. We then developed a framework to quantify the spatial extent of each cortical area's anatomical connections within the thalamus. Additionally, we leveraged resting-state functional MRI, cortical myelin, and human neural gene expression data to test if the extent of anatomical connections within the thalamus varied along the cortical hierarchy. Our results revealed two distinct corticothalamic tractography motifs: 1) a sensorimotor cortical motif characterized by focal thalamic connections targeting posterolateral thalamus, associated with fast, feed-forward information flow; and 2) an associative cortical motif characterized by diffuse thalamic connections targeting anteromedial thalamus, associated with slow, feed-back information flow. These findings were consistent across human subjects and were also observed in macaques, indicating cross-species generalizability. Overall, our study demonstrates that sensorimotor and association cortical areas exhibit differences in the spatial extent of their anatomical connections within the thalamus, which may support functionally-distinct cortico-thalamic information flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Howell
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Division of Neurocognition, Neurocomputation, & Neurogenetics (N3), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
| | - Shaun Warrington
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Clara Fonteneau
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Division of Neurocognition, Neurocomputation, & Neurogenetics (N3), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
| | - Youngsun T Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Division of Neurocognition, Neurocomputation, & Neurogenetics (N3), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
| | - Stamatios N Sotiropoulos
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - John D Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Division of Neurocognition, Neurocomputation, & Neurogenetics (N3), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
- Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Division of Neurocognition, Neurocomputation, & Neurogenetics (N3), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
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Wang J, Azimi H, Zhao Y, Kaeser M, Vaca Sánchez P, Vazquez-Guardado A, Rogers JA, Harvey M, Rainer G. Optogenetic activation of visual thalamus generates artificial visual percepts. eLife 2023; 12:e90431. [PMID: 37791662 PMCID: PMC10593406 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), a retinotopic relay center where visual inputs from the retina are processed and relayed to the visual cortex, has been proposed as a potential target for artificial vision. At present, it is unknown whether optogenetic LGN stimulation is sufficient to elicit behaviorally relevant percepts, and the properties of LGN neural responses relevant for artificial vision have not been thoroughly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that tree shrews pretrained on a visual detection task can detect optogenetic LGN activation using an AAV2-CamKIIα-ChR2 construct and readily generalize from visual to optogenetic detection. Simultaneous recordings of LGN spiking activity and primary visual cortex (V1) local field potentials (LFPs) during optogenetic LGN stimulation show that LGN neurons reliably follow optogenetic stimulation at frequencies up to 60 Hz and uncovered a striking phase locking between the V1 LFP and the evoked spiking activity in LGN. These phase relationships were maintained over a broad range of LGN stimulation frequencies, up to 80 Hz, with spike field coherence values favoring higher frequencies, indicating the ability to relay temporally precise information to V1 using light activation of the LGN. Finally, V1 LFP responses showed sensitivity values to LGN optogenetic activation that were similar to the animal's behavioral performance. Taken together, our findings confirm the LGN as a potential target for visual prosthetics in a highly visual mammal closely related to primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hamid Azimi
- Department of Medicine, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Yilei Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Melanie Kaeser
- Department of Medicine, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | | | | | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Michael Harvey
- Department of Medicine, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Gregor Rainer
- Department of Medicine, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
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40
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Claesdotter-Knutsson E, Källstrand J, Niklasson K, Andersson M, Lindvall M. The influence of methylphenidate on auditory brainstem response patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; an exploratory study. J Public Health Res 2023; 12:22799036231204319. [PMID: 37841833 PMCID: PMC10568990 DOI: 10.1177/22799036231204319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), characterized by periods of inattention, overactivity, and impulsiveness, is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder among children. Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) is a technique in which clickshaped sounds elicit potentials that are recorded from electrodes placed on a patient's skull. Extant research indicates that ABR is frequently affected in neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD. Methylphenidate (MPH), a psychostimulant, is often prescribed to children with ADHD as a first-line pharmacological treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Methylphenidate treatment on previously observed amplitude alterations in the ABR of patients with ADHD. Methods We recruited 32 drug-naïve children and adolescents (19 males and 13 females; mean age 11 years) diagnosed with ADHD and 35 health controls (15 males and 20 females; mean age 12 years). The ADHD group was treated with Methylphenidate, and ABR was recorded before treatment and at a steady state of medical treatment. Results Medicated ADHD patients exhibited increased activity in the right side ABR in Wave VI. Conclusions A significant increase in activity was found in a part of the ABR thought to correspond to the thalamic area in medicated ADHD patients compared to the same area of non-medicated ADHD patients. The results add to the growing body of research suggesting that specific ABR peaks correlate to certain psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Claesdotter-Knutsson
- Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Katalin Niklasson
- Outpatient Department, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mitchell Andersson
- Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Lindvall
- Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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41
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Oldham S, Ball G. A phylogenetically-conserved axis of thalamocortical connectivity in the human brain. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6032. [PMID: 37758726 PMCID: PMC10533558 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The thalamus enables key sensory, motor, emotive, and cognitive processes via connections to the cortex. These projection patterns are traditionally considered to originate from discrete thalamic nuclei, however recent work showing gradients of molecular and connectivity features in the thalamus suggests the organisation of thalamocortical connections occurs along a continuous dimension. By performing a joint decomposition of densely sampled gene expression and non-invasive diffusion tractography in the adult human thalamus, we define a principal axis of genetic and connectomic variation along a medial-lateral thalamic gradient. Projections along this axis correspond to an anterior-posterior cortical pattern and are aligned with electrophysiological properties of the cortex. The medial-lateral axis demonstrates phylogenetic conservation, reflects transitions in neuronal subtypes, and shows associations with neurodevelopment and common brain disorders. This study provides evidence for a supra-nuclear axis of thalamocortical organisation characterised by a graded transition in molecular properties and anatomical connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Oldham
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Gareth Ball
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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42
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Ramsay IS, Mueller B, Ma Y, Shen C, Sponheim SR. Thalamocortical connectivity and its relationship with symptoms and cognition across the psychosis continuum. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5582-5591. [PMID: 36047043 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coordination between the thalamus and cortex is necessary for efficient processing of sensory information and appears disrupted in schizophrenia. The significance of this disrupted coordination (i.e. thalamocortical dysconnectivity) to the symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia is unclear. It is also unknown whether similar dysconnectivity is observed in other forms of psychotic psychopathology and associated with familial risk for psychosis. Here we examine the relevance of thalamocortical connectivity to the clinical symptoms and cognition of patients with psychotic psychopathology, their first-degree biological relatives, and a group of healthy controls. METHOD Patients with a schizophrenia-spectrum diagnosis (N = 100) or bipolar disorder with a history of psychosis (N = 33), their first-degree relatives (N = 73), and a group of healthy controls (N = 43) underwent resting functional MRI in addition to clinical and cognitive assessments as part of the Psychosis Human Connectome Project. A bilateral mediodorsal thalamus seed-based analysis was used to measure thalamocortical connectivity and test for group differences, as well as associations with symptomatology and cognition. RESULTS Reduced connectivity from mediodorsal thalamus to insular, orbitofrontal, and cerebellar regions was seen in schizophrenia. Across groups, greater symptomatology was related to less thalamocortical connectivity to the left middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate, right insula, and cerebellum. Poorer cognition was related to less thalamocortical connectivity to bilateral insula. Analyses revealed similar patterns of dysconnectivity across patient groups and their relatives. CONCLUSIONS Reduced thalamo-prefrontal-cerebellar and thalamo-insular connectivity may contribute to clinical symptomatology and cognitive deficits in patients with psychosis as well as individuals with familial risk for psychotic psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Ramsay
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bryon Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yizhou Ma
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Catonsville, MD, USA
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Kam KY, Chang DHF. Sensory eye dominance plasticity in the human adult visual cortex. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1250493. [PMID: 37746154 PMCID: PMC10513037 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1250493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory eye dominance occurs when the visual cortex weighs one eye's data more heavily than those of the other. Encouragingly, mechanisms underlying sensory eye dominance in human adults retain a certain degree of plasticity. Notably, perceptual training using dichoptically presented motion signal-noise stimuli has been shown to elicit changes in sensory eye dominance both in visually impaired and normal observers. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these learning-driven improvements are not well understood. Here, we measured changes in fMRI responses before and after a five-day visual training protocol to determine the neuroplastic changes along the visual cascade. Fifty visually normal observers received training on a dichoptic or binocular variant of a signal-in-noise (left-right) motion discrimination task over five consecutive days. We show significant shifts in sensory eye dominance following training, but only for those who received dichoptic training. Pattern analysis of fMRI responses revealed that responses of V1 and hMT+ predicted sensory eye dominance for both groups, but only before training. After dichoptic (but not binocular) visual training, responses of V1 changed significantly, and were no longer able to predict sensory eye dominance. Our data suggest that perceptual training-driven changes in eye dominance are driven by a reweighting of the two eyes' data in the primary visual cortex. These findings may provide insight into developing region-targeted rehabilitative paradigms for the visually impaired, particularly those with severe binocular imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Yee Kam
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dorita H. F. Chang
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Yamamoto H, Spitzner FP, Takemuro T, Buendía V, Murota H, Morante C, Konno T, Sato S, Hirano-Iwata A, Levina A, Priesemann V, Muñoz MA, Zierenberg J, Soriano J. Modular architecture facilitates noise-driven control of synchrony in neuronal networks. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade1755. [PMID: 37624893 PMCID: PMC10456864 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
High-level information processing in the mammalian cortex requires both segregated processing in specialized circuits and integration across multiple circuits. One possible way to implement these seemingly opposing demands is by flexibly switching between states with different levels of synchrony. However, the mechanisms behind the control of complex synchronization patterns in neuronal networks remain elusive. Here, we use precision neuroengineering to manipulate and stimulate networks of cortical neurons in vitro, in combination with an in silico model of spiking neurons and a mesoscopic model of stochastically coupled modules to show that (i) a modular architecture enhances the sensitivity of the network to noise delivered as external asynchronous stimulation and that (ii) the persistent depletion of synaptic resources in stimulated neurons is the underlying mechanism for this effect. Together, our results demonstrate that the inherent dynamical state in structured networks of excitable units is determined by both its modular architecture and the properties of the external inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Yamamoto
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication (RIEC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - F. Paul Spitzner
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Taiki Takemuro
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication (RIEC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Victor Buendía
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Departamento de Electromagnetismo y Física de la Materia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Hakuba Murota
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication (RIEC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Carla Morante
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomohiro Konno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeo Sato
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication (RIEC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hirano-Iwata
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication (RIEC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Anna Levina
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Viola Priesemann
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for the Dynamics of Complex Systems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miguel A. Muñoz
- Departamento de Electromagnetismo y Física de la Materia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Soriano
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Barcelona, Spain
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Alonso-Martínez C, Rubio-Teves M, Porrero C, Clascá F. Cerebellar and basal ganglia inputs define three main nuclei in the mouse ventral motor thalamus. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1242839. [PMID: 37645018 PMCID: PMC10461449 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1242839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The thalamus is a central link between cortical and subcortical brain motor systems. Axons from the deep nuclei of the cerebellum (DCN), or the output nuclei of the basal ganglia system (substantia nigra reticulata, SNr; and internal pallidum GPi/ENT) monosynaptically innervate the thalamus, prominently some nuclei of the ventral nuclear group. In turn, axons from these ventral nuclei innervate the motor and premotor areas of the cortex, where their input is critical for planning, execution and learning of rapid and precise movements. Mice have in recent years become a widely used model in motor system research. However, information on the distribution of cerebellar and basal ganglia inputs in the rodent thalamus remains poorly defined. Here, we mapped the distribution of inputs from DCN, SNr, and GPi/ENT to the ventral nuclei of the mouse thalamus. Immunolabeling for glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission markers delineated two distinct main territories, characterized each by the presence of large vesicular glutamate transporter type 2 (vGLUT2) puncta or vesicular GABA transporter (vGAT) puncta. Anterograde labeling of axons from DCN revealed that they reach virtually all parts of the ventral nuclei, albeit its axonal varicosities (putative boutons) in the vGAT-rich sector are consistently smaller than those in the vGLUT2-rich sector. In contrast, the SNr axons innervate the whole vGAT-rich sector, but not the vGLUT2-rich sector. The GPi/ENT axons were found to innervate only a small zone of the vGAT-rich sector which is also targeted by the other two input systems. Because inputs fundamentally define thalamic cell functioning, we propose a new delineation of the mouse ventral motor nuclei that is consistent with the distribution of DCN, SNr and GPi/ENT inputs and resembles the general layout of the ventral motor nuclei in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - César Porrero
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Clascá
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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46
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Song H, Fisher J, Özen AC, Akin B, Schumann S, Bock M. Quantification of regional CMRO 2 in human brain using dynamic 17O-MRI at 3T. Z Med Phys 2023:S0939-3889(23)00086-7. [PMID: 37558527 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) measurements with MRI at 3 Tesla in different brain regions. METHODS CMRO2 represents a key indicator of the physiological state of brain tissue. Dynamic 17O-MRI with inhalation of isotopically enriched 17O gas has been used to quantify global CMRO2 in brain white (WM) and gray matter (GM). However, global CMRO2 can only reflect the overall oxygen metabolism of the brain and cannot provide enough information on local tissue oxygen metabolism. To investigate the feasibility of determination of regional CMRO2 at a clinical 3 T MRI system, CMRO2 values in frontal, parietal and occipital WM and GM were determined in 5 healthy volunteers and compared to evaluate the regional differences of oxygen metabolism in WM and GM. Additionally, regional CMRO2 values were determined in deep brain structures including thalamus, dorsal striatum, caudate nucleus and insula cortex and in the cerebella, and compared with literature values from 15O-PET studies. RESULTS In cortical GM the determined CMRO2 values were in good agreement with the literature, whereas values in WM were about 32-48% higher than literature values. Regional analysis revealed a significantly higher CMRO2 in the occipital GM compared to the frontal and parietal GM. By contrast, no significant difference of CMRO2 was observed across the WM. In addition, CMRO2 in deep brain structures was lower compared to literature values and in the cerebella a good hemispheric symmetry of the tissue oxygen metabolism was found. CONCLUSION Dynamic 17O-MRI enables direct, non-invasive determination of regional CMRO2 in brain structures in healthy volunteers at 3T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Fisher
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ali Caglar Özen
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Burak Akin
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Schumann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bock
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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47
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Metzen MG, Chacron MJ. Descending pathways increase sensory neural response heterogeneity to facilitate decoding and behavior. iScience 2023; 26:107139. [PMID: 37416462 PMCID: PMC10320509 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional role of heterogeneous spiking responses of otherwise similarly tuned neurons to stimulation, which has been observed ubiquitously, remains unclear to date. Here, we demonstrate that such response heterogeneity serves a beneficial function that is used by downstream brain areas to generate behavioral responses that follows the detailed timecourse of the stimulus. Multi-unit recordings from sensory pyramidal cells within the electrosensory system of Apteronotus leptorhynchus were performed and revealed highly heterogeneous responses that were similar for all cell types. By comparing the coding properties of a given neural population before and after inactivation of descending pathways, we found that heterogeneities were beneficial as decoding was then more robust to the addition of noise. Taken together, our results not only reveal that descending pathways actively promote response heterogeneity within a given cell type, but also uncover a beneficial function for such heterogeneity that is used by the brain to generate behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Metzen
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Maurice J. Chacron
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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48
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Shine JM, Lewis LD, Garrett DD, Hwang K. The impact of the human thalamus on brain-wide information processing. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:416-430. [PMID: 37237103 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The thalamus is a small, bilateral structure in the diencephalon that integrates signals from many areas of the CNS. This critical anatomical position allows the thalamus to influence whole-brain activity and adaptive behaviour. However, traditional research paradigms have struggled to attribute specific functions to the thalamus, and it has remained understudied in the human neuroimaging literature. Recent advances in analytical techniques and increased accessibility to large, high-quality data sets have brought forth a series of studies and findings that (re-)establish the thalamus as a core region of interest in human cognitive neuroscience, a field that otherwise remains cortico-centric. In this Perspective, we argue that using whole-brain neuroimaging approaches to investigate the thalamus and its interaction with the rest of the brain is key for understanding systems-level control of information processing. To this end, we highlight the role of the thalamus in shaping a range of functional signatures, including evoked activity, interregional connectivity, network topology and neuronal variability, both at rest and during the performance of cognitive tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Shine
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura D Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas D Garrett
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Hwang
- Cognitive Control Collaborative, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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49
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Yazdanbakhsh A, Barbas H, Zikopoulos B. Sleep spindles in primates: Modeling the effects of distinct laminar thalamocortical connectivity in core, matrix, and reticular thalamic circuits. Netw Neurosci 2023; 7:743-768. [PMID: 37397882 PMCID: PMC10312265 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindles are associated with the beginning of deep sleep and memory consolidation and are disrupted in schizophrenia and autism. In primates, distinct core and matrix thalamocortical (TC) circuits regulate sleep spindle activity through communications that are filtered by the inhibitory thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN); however, little is known about typical TC network interactions and the mechanisms that are disrupted in brain disorders. We developed a primate-specific, circuit-based TC computational model with distinct core and matrix loops that can simulate sleep spindles. We implemented novel multilevel cortical and thalamic mixing, and included local thalamic inhibitory interneurons, and direct layer 5 projections of variable density to TRN and thalamus to investigate the functional consequences of different ratios of core and matrix node connectivity contribution to spindle dynamics. Our simulations showed that spindle power in primates can be modulated based on the level of cortical feedback, thalamic inhibition, and engagement of model core versus matrix, with the latter having a greater role in spindle dynamics. The study of the distinct spatial and temporal dynamics of core-, matrix-, and mix-generated sleep spindles establishes a framework to study disruption of TC circuit balance underlying deficits in sleep and attentional gating seen in autism and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Yazdanbakhsh
- Computational Neuroscience and Vision Lab, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen Barbas
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston, MA, USA
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Program in Human Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Sargent College), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Basilis Zikopoulos
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Program in Human Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Sargent College), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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50
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Celotto M, Bím J, Tlaie A, De Feo V, Lemke S, Chicharro D, Nili H, Bieler M, Hanganu-Opatz IL, Donner TH, Brovelli A, Panzeri S. An information-theoretic quantification of the content of communication between brain regions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.14.544903. [PMID: 37398375 PMCID: PMC10312682 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the amount, content and direction of communication between brain regions is key to understanding brain function. Traditional methods to analyze brain activity based on the Wiener-Granger causality principle quantify the overall information propagated by neural activity between simultaneously recorded brain regions, but do not reveal the information flow about specific features of interest (such as sensory stimuli). Here, we develop a new information theoretic measure termed Feature-specific Information Transfer (FIT), quantifying how much information about a specific feature flows between two regions. FIT merges the Wiener-Granger causality principle with information-content specificity. We first derive FIT and prove analytically its key properties. We then illustrate and test them with simulations of neural activity, demonstrating that FIT identifies, within the total information flowing between regions, the information that is transmitted about specific features. We then analyze three neural datasets obtained with different recording methods, magneto- and electro-encephalography, and spiking activity, to demonstrate the ability of FIT to uncover the content and direction of information flow between brain regions beyond what can be discerned with traditional anaytical methods. FIT can improve our understanding of how brain regions communicate by uncovering previously hidden feature-specific information flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Celotto
- Department of Excellence for Neural Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Neural Computation Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jan Bím
- Datamole, s. r. o, Vitezne namesti 577/2 Dejvice, 160 00 Praha 6, The Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Tlaie
- Neural Computation Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | - Vito De Feo
- Artificial Intelligence Team, Future Health Technology, and Brain-Computer Interfaces laboratories, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Stefan Lemke
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Daniel Chicharro
- Department of Computer Science, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Hamed Nili
- Department of Excellence for Neural Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Bieler
- Mobile Technology Lab, School of Economics, Innovation and Technology, University College Kristiania, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ileana L. Hanganu-Opatz
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias H. Donner
- Section Computational Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Brovelli
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Stefano Panzeri
- Department of Excellence for Neural Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Neural Computation Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto (TN), Italy
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