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Stirbet A, Guo Y, Lazár D, Govindjee G. From leaf to multiscale models of photosynthesis: applications and challenges for crop improvement. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s11120-024-01083-9. [PMID: 38619700 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
To keep up with the growth of human population and to circumvent deleterious effects of global climate change, it is essential to enhance crop yield to achieve higher production. Here we review mathematical models of oxygenic photosynthesis that are extensively used, and discuss in depth a subset that accounts for diverse approaches providing solutions to our objective. These include models (1) to study different ways to enhance photosynthesis, such as fine-tuning antenna size, photoprotection and electron transport; (2) to bioengineer carbon metabolism; and (3) to evaluate the interactions between the process of photosynthesis and the seasonal crop dynamics, or those that have included statistical whole-genome prediction methods to quantify the impact of photosynthesis traits on the improvement of crop yield. We conclude by emphasizing that the results obtained in these studies clearly demonstrate that mathematical modelling is a key tool to examine different approaches to improve photosynthesis for better productivity, while effective multiscale crop models, especially those that also include remote sensing data, are indispensable to verify different strategies to obtain maximized crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Dušan Lazár
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký Univesity, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Govindjee Govindjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Biology, and the Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Belyaeva NE, Bulychev AA, Klementiev KE, Paschenko VZ, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Comparative modeling of fluorescence and P700 induction kinetics for alga Scenedesmus sp. obliques and cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Role of state 2-state 1 transitions and redox state of plastoquinone pool. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01224-w. [PMID: 38340281 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01224-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The model of thylakoid membrane system (T-M model) (Belyaeva et al. Photosynth Res 2019, 140:1-19) has been improved in order to analyze the induction data for dark-adapted samples of algal (Scenedesmus obliques) and cyanobacterial (Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803) cells. The fluorescence induction (FI) curves of Scenedesmus were measured at light exposures of 5 min, while FI and P700 redox transformations of Synechocystis were recorded in parallel for 100 s intervals. Kinetic data comprising the OJIP-SMT fluorescence induction and OABCDEF P700+ absorbance changes were used to study the processes underlying state transitions qT2→1 and qT1→2 associated with the increase/decrease in Chl fluorescence emission. A formula with the Hill kinetics (Ebenhöh et al. Philos Trans R Soc B 2014, 369:20130223) was introduced into the T-M model, with a new variable to imitate the flexible size of antenna AntM(t) associated with PSII. Simulations revealed that the light-harvesting capacity of PSII increases with a corresponding decrease for that of PSI upon the qT2→1 transition induced by plastoquinone (PQ) pool oxidation. The complete T-M model fittings were attained on Scenedesmus or Synechocystis fast waves OJIPS of FI, while SMT wave of FI was reproduced at intervals shorter than 5 min. Also the fast P700 redox transitions (OABC) for Synechocystis were fitted exactly. Reasonable sets of algal and cyanobacterial electron/proton transfer (ET/PT) parameters were found. In the case of Scenedesmus, ET/PT traits remained the same irrespective of modeling with or without qT2→1 transitions. Simulations indicated a high extent (20%) of the PQ pool reduction under dark conditions in Synechocystis compared to 2% in Scenedesmus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Belyaeva
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - A A Bulychev
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - K E Klementiev
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Biological Faculty, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - V Z Paschenko
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - G Yu Riznichenko
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - A B Rubin
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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Huang T, Liu H, Tao JP, Zhang JQ, Zhao TM, Hou XL, Xiong AS, You X. Low light intensity elongates period and defers peak time of photosynthesis: a computational approach to circadian-clock-controlled photosynthesis in tomato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad077. [PMID: 37323229 PMCID: PMC10261901 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is involved in the essential process of transforming light energy into chemical energy. Although the interaction between photosynthesis and the circadian clock has been confirmed, the mechanism of how light intensity affects photosynthesis through the circadian clock remains unclear. Here, we propose a first computational model for circadian-clock-controlled photosynthesis, which consists of the light-sensitive protein P, the core oscillator, photosynthetic genes, and parameters involved in the process of photosynthesis. The model parameters were determined by minimizing the cost function ( [Formula: see text]), which is defined by the errors of expression levels, periods, and phases of the clock genes (CCA1, PRR9, TOC1, ELF4, GI, and RVE8). The model recapitulates the expression pattern of the core oscillator under moderate light intensity (100 μmol m -2 s-1). Further simulation validated the dynamic behaviors of the circadian clock and photosynthetic outputs under low (62.5 μmol m-2 s-1) and normal (187.5 μmol m-2 s-1) intensities. When exposed to low light intensity, the peak times of clock and photosynthetic genes were shifted backward by 1-2 hours, the period was elongated by approximately the same length, and the photosynthetic parameters attained low values and showed delayed peak times, which confirmed our model predictions. Our study reveals a potential mechanism underlying the circadian regulation of photosynthesis by the clock under different light intensities in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jia-Qi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in East China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong-Min Zhao
- Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of High Efficiency Horticultural Crops in Jiangsu Province, Institute of Vegetable Crop, Jiangsu Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi-Lin Hou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in East China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
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Riznichenko GY, Belyaeva NE, Kovalenko IB, Antal TK, Goryachev SN, Maslakov AS, Plyusnina TY, Fedorov VA, Khruschev SS, Yakovleva OV, Rubin AB. Mathematical Simulation of Electron Transport in the Primary Photosynthetic Processes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2022; 87:1065-1083. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Belyaeva NE, Bulychev AA, Paschenko VZ, Klementiev KE, Ermachenko PA, Konyukhov IV, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Dynamics of In Vivo Membrane Processes in Algal Thylakoids as Analyzed from Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction using the Photosystem II and Thylakoid Models. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350922050050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Riznichenko GY, Antal TK, Belyaeva NE, Khruschev SS, Kovalenko IB, Maslakov AS, Plyusnina TY, Fedorov VA, Rubin AB. Molecular, Brownian, kinetic and stochastic models of the processes in photosynthetic membrane of green plants and microalgae. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:985-1004. [PMID: 36124262 PMCID: PMC9481862 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents the results of recent work at the Department of Biophysics of the Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University on the kinetic and multiparticle modeling of processes in the photosynthetic membrane. The detailed kinetic models and the rule-based kinetic Monte Carlo models allow to reproduce the fluorescence induction curves and redox transformations of the photoactive pigment P700 in the time range from 100 ns to dozens of seconds and make it possible to reveal the role of individual carriers in their formation for different types of photosynthetic organisms under different illumination regimes, in the presence of inhibitors, under stress conditions. The fitting of the model curves to the experimental data quantifies the reaction rate constants that cannot be directly measured experimentally, including the non-radiative thermal relaxation reactions. We use the direct multiparticle models to explicitly describe the interactions of mobile photosynthetic carrier proteins with multienzyme complexes both in solution and in the biomembrane interior. An analysis of these models reveals the role of diffusion and electrostatic factors in the regulation of electron transport, the influence of ionic strength and pH of the cellular environment on the rate of electron transport reactions between carrier proteins. To describe the conformational intramolecular processes of formation of the final complex, in which the actual electron transfer occurs, we use the methods of molecular dynamics. The results obtained using kinetic and molecular models supplement our knowledge of the mechanisms of organization of the photosynthetic electron transport processes at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Yu. Riznichenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Taras K. Antal
- Laboratory of Integrated Environmental Research, Pskov State University, Lenin Sq. 2, 180000 Pskov, Russia
| | - Natalia E. Belyaeva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Khruschev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya B. Kovalenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey S. Maslakov
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Yu Plyusnina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Fedorov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey B. Rubin
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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Salvatori N, Carteni F, Giannino F, Alberti G, Mazzoleni S, Peressotti A. A System Dynamics Approach to Model Photosynthesis at Leaf Level Under Fluctuating Light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:787877. [PMID: 35154180 PMCID: PMC8833254 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.787877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis has been mainly studied under steady-state conditions even though this assumption results inadequate for assessing the biochemical responses to rapid variations occurring in natural environments. The combination of mathematical models with available data may enhance the understanding of the dynamic responses of plants to fluctuating environments and can be used to make predictions on how photosynthesis would respond to non-steady-state conditions. In this study, we present a leaf level System Dynamics photosynthesis model based and validated on an experiment performed on two soybean varieties, namely, the wild type Eiko and the chlorophyll-deficient mutant MinnGold, grown in constant and fluctuating light conditions. This mutant is known to have similar steady-state photosynthesis compared to the green wild type, but it is found to have less biomass at harvest. It has been hypothesized that this might be due to an unoptimized response to non-steady-state conditions; therefore, this mutant seems appropriate to investigate dynamic photosynthesis. The model explained well the photosynthetic responses of these two varieties to fluctuating and constant light conditions and allowed to make relevant conclusions on the different dynamic responses of the two varieties. Deviations between data and model simulations are mostly evident in the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) dynamics due to the oversimplified combination of PsbS- and zeaxanthin-dependent kinetics, failing in finely capturing the NPQ responses at different timescales. Nevertheless, due to its simplicity, the model can provide the basis of an upscaled dynamic model at a plant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Salvatori
- DI4A, Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carteni
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Francesco Giannino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giorgio Alberti
- DI4A, Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Mazzoleni
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Peressotti
- DI4A, Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Johnson JE, Berry JA. The role of Cytochrome b 6f in the control of steady-state photosynthesis: a conceptual and quantitative model. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 148:101-136. [PMID: 33999328 PMCID: PMC8292351 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a conceptual and quantitative model to describe the role of the Cytochrome [Formula: see text] complex in controlling steady-state electron transport in [Formula: see text] leaves. The model is based on new experimental methods to diagnose the maximum activity of Cyt [Formula: see text] in vivo, and to identify conditions under which photosynthetic control of Cyt [Formula: see text] is active or relaxed. With these approaches, we demonstrate that Cyt [Formula: see text] controls the trade-off between the speed and efficiency of electron transport under limiting light, and functions as a metabolic switch that transfers control to carbon metabolism under saturating light. We also present evidence that the onset of photosynthetic control of Cyt [Formula: see text] occurs within milliseconds of exposure to saturating light, much more quickly than the induction of non-photochemical quenching. We propose that photosynthetic control is the primary means of photoprotection and functions to manage excitation pressure, whereas non-photochemical quenching functions to manage excitation balance. We use these findings to extend the Farquhar et al. (Planta 149:78-90, 1980) model of [Formula: see text] photosynthesis to include a mechanistic description of the electron transport system. This framework relates the light captured by PS I and PS II to the energy and mass fluxes linking the photoacts with Cyt [Formula: see text], the ATP synthase, and Rubisco. It enables quantitative interpretation of pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometry and gas-exchange measurements, providing a new basis for analyzing how the electron transport system coordinates the supply of Fd, NADPH, and ATP with the dynamic demands of carbon metabolism, how efficient use of light is achieved under limiting light, and how photoprotection is achieved under saturating light. The model is designed to support forward as well as inverse applications. It can either be used in a stand-alone mode at the leaf-level or coupled to other models that resolve finer-scale or coarser-scale phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Johnson
- Dept. Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - J A Berry
- Dept. Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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van Aalst M, Ebenhöh O, Matuszyńska A. Constructing and analysing dynamic models with modelbase v1.2.3: a software update. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:203. [PMID: 33879053 PMCID: PMC8056244 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computational mathematical models of biological and biomedical systems have been successfully applied to advance our understanding of various regulatory processes, metabolic fluxes, effects of drug therapies, and disease evolution and transmission. Unfortunately, despite community efforts leading to the development of SBML and the BioModels database, many published models have not been fully exploited, largely due to a lack of proper documentation or the dependence on proprietary software. To facilitate the reuse and further development of systems biology and systems medicine models, an open-source toolbox that makes the overall process of model construction more consistent, understandable, transparent, and reproducible is desired. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We provide an update on the development of modelbase, a free, expandable Python package for constructing and analysing ordinary differential equation-based mathematical models of dynamic systems. It provides intuitive and unified methods to construct and solve these systems. Significantly expanded visualisation methods allow for convenient analysis of the structural and dynamic properties of models. After specifying reaction stoichiometries and rate equations modelbase can automatically assemble the associated system of differential equations. A newly provided library of common kinetic rate laws reduces the repetitiveness of the computer programming code. modelbase is also fully compatible with SBML. Previous versions provided functions for the automatic construction of networks for isotope labelling studies. Now, using user-provided label maps, modelbase v1.2.3 streamlines the expansion of classic models to their isotope-specific versions. Finally, the library of previously published models implemented in modelbase is growing continuously. Ranging from photosynthesis to tumour cell growth to viral infection evolution, all these models are now available in a transparent, reusable and unified format through modelbase. CONCLUSION With this new Python software package, which is written in currently one of the most popular programming languages, the user can develop new models and actively profit from the work of others. modelbase enables reproducing and replicating models in a consistent, tractable and expandable manner. Moreover, the expansion of models to their isotopic label-specific versions enables simulating label propagation, thus providing quantitative information regarding network topology and metabolic fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin van Aalst
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Ebenhöh
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- CEPLAS - Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Matuszyńska
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- CEPLAS - Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Sukhova EM, Vodeneev VA, Sukhov VS. Mathematical Modeling of Photosynthesis and Analysis of Plant Productivity. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747821010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fu L, Govindjee G, Tan J, Guo Y. Development of a minimized model structure and a feedback control framework for regulating photosynthetic activities. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:213-225. [PMID: 31813097 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the main activities of the plant photosynthesis process are discussed to yield a minimized mathematical model structure with photosystem II (PSII) chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) as a measurable output. After experimental validation of the model structure, we demonstrate that the states of the photosynthetic process may be observed by using this model and the extended Kalman filter method. We then show a feedback control framework that can be used to alter a given photosynthetic activity. The control framework is demonstrated with an example in which PSII ChlF is used as the feedback signal and light intensity is used as a controllable process input to regulate plastoquinone reduction. Although there are caveats, and further research is needed, the results lay the groundwork for further research on novel methods for optimization and regulation of photosynthetic activities, with a goal for sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Govindjee Govindjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Biology, and Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Jinglu Tan
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Belyaeva NE, Bulychev AA, Klementiev KE, Paschenko VZ, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Model quantification of the light-induced thylakoid membrane processes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in vivo and after exposure to radioactive irradiation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:259-278. [PMID: 32734447 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of OJIP-SMT patterns of fluorescence induction (FI) in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) cells on a time scale up to several minutes were mathematically treated within the framework of thylakoid membrane (T-M) model (Belyaeva et al., Photosynth Res 140:1-19, 2019) that was renewed to account for the state transitions effects. Principles of describing electron transfer in reaction centers of photosystems II and I (PSII and PSI) and cytochrome b6f complex remained unchanged, whereas parameters for dissipative reactions of non-radiative charge recombination were altered depending on the oxidation state of QB-site (neutral, reduced by one electron, empty, reduced by two electrons). According to our calculations, the initial content of plastoquinol (PQH2) in the total quinone pool of Synechocystis cells adapted to darkness for 10 min ranged between 20 and 40%. The results imply that the PQ pool mediates photosynthetic and respiratory charge flows. The redistribution of PBS antenna units responsible for the increase of Chl fluorescence in cyanobacteria (qT2 → 1) upon state 2 → 1 transition or the fluorescence lowering (qT1 → 2) due to state 1 → 2 transition were described in the model by exponential functions. Parameters of dynamically changed effective cross section were found by means of simulations of OJIP-SMT patterns observed on Synechocystis cells upon strong (3000 μmol photons m-2s-1) and moderate (1000 μmol photons m-2s-1) actinic light intensities. The corresponding light constant values kLΣAnt = 1.2 ms-1 and 0.4 ms-1 define the excitation of total antenna pool dynamically redistributed between PSII and PSI reaction centers. Although the OCP-induced quenching of antenna excitation is not involved in the model, the main features of the induction signals have been satisfactorily explained. In the case of strong illumination, the effective cross section decreases by approximately 33% for irradiated Synechocystis cells as compared to untreated cells. Under moderate light, the irradiated Synechocystis cells showed in simulations the same cross section as the untreated cells. The thylakoid model renewed with state transitions description allowed simulation of fluorescence induction OJIP-SMT curves detected on time scale from microseconds to minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Belyaeva
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A A Bulychev
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - K E Klementiev
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Z Paschenko
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Yu Riznichenko
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - A B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
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Stirbet A, Lazár D, Guo Y, Govindjee G. Photosynthesis: basics, history and modelling. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:511-537. [PMID: 31641747 PMCID: PMC7489092 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With limited agricultural land and increasing human population, it is essential to enhance overall photosynthesis and thus productivity. Oxygenic photosynthesis begins with light absorption, followed by excitation energy transfer to the reaction centres, primary photochemistry, electron and proton transport, NADPH and ATP synthesis, and then CO2 fixation (Calvin-Benson cycle, as well as Hatch-Slack cycle). Here we cover some of the discoveries related to this process, such as the existence of two light reactions and two photosystems connected by an electron transport 'chain' (the Z-scheme), chemiosmotic hypothesis for ATP synthesis, water oxidation clock for oxygen evolution, steps for carbon fixation, and finally the diverse mechanisms of regulatory processes, such as 'state transitions' and 'non-photochemical quenching' of the excited state of chlorophyll a. SCOPE In this review, we emphasize that mathematical modelling is a highly valuable tool in understanding and making predictions regarding photosynthesis. Different mathematical models have been used to examine current theories on diverse photosynthetic processes; these have been validated through simulation(s) of available experimental data, such as chlorophyll a fluorescence induction, measured with fluorometers using continuous (or modulated) exciting light, and absorbance changes at 820 nm (ΔA820) related to redox changes in P700, the reaction centre of photosystem I. CONCLUSIONS We highlight here the important role of modelling in deciphering and untangling complex photosynthesis processes taking place simultaneously, as well as in predicting possible ways to obtain higher biomass and productivity in plants, algae and cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dušan Lazár
- Department of Biophysics, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Govindjee Govindjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Biology, and Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Riznichenko GY, Belyaeva NE, Diakonova AN, Kovalenko IB, Maslakov AS, Antal TK, Goryachev SN, Plyusnina TY, Fedorov VA, Khruschev SS, Rubin AB. Models of Photosynthetic Electron Transport. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350920050152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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15
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Fu L, Xia Q, Tan J, Wu H, Guo Y. Modelling and simulation of chlorophyll fluorescence from PSII of a plant leaf as affected by both illumination light intensities and temperatures. IET Syst Biol 2019; 13:327-332. [PMID: 31778129 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2019.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The emission of chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) from photosystem II (PSII) of plant leaves the couple with photoelectron transduction cascades in photosynthetic reactions and can be used to probe photosynthetic efficiency and plant physiology. Because of population increase, food shortages, and global warming, it is becoming more and more urgent to enhance plant photosynthesis efficiency by controlling plant growth rate. An effective model structure is essential for plant control strategy development. However, there is a lack of reporting on modelling and simulation of PSII activities under the interaction of both illumination light intensities and temperatures, which are the two important controllable factors affecting, plant growth, especially for a greenhouse. In this work, the authors extended their work on modelling photosynthetic activities as affected by light and temperature to cover both the interaction effects of illumination light intensities and temperature on ChlF emission. Experiments on ChlF were performed under different light intensities and temperatures and used to validate the developed model structure. The average relative error between experimental data and model fitting is <0.3%, which shows the effectiveness of the developed model structure. Simulations were performed to show the interaction effect of light and temperature effects on photosynthetic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xia
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglu Tan
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Jiangsu Internet Agricultural Development Center, Nanjing 210017, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Guo
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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16
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Feng S, Fu L, Xia Q, Tan J, Jiang Y, Guo Y. Modelling and simulation of photosystem II chlorophyll fluorescence transition from dark-adapted state to light-adapted state. IET Syst Biol 2019; 12:289-293. [PMID: 30472693 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2018.5003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Green houses play a vital role in modern agriculture. Artificial light illumination is very important in a green house. While light is necessary for plant growth, excessive light in a green house may not bring more profit and even damages plants. Developing a plant-physiology-based light control strategy in a green house is important, which implies that a state-space model on photosynthetic activities is very useful because modern control theories and techniques are usually developed according to model structures in the state space. In this work, a simplified model structure on photosystem II activities was developed with seven state variables and chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) as the observable variable. Experiments on ChlF were performed. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used to estimate model parameters from experimental data. The model structure can fit experimental data with a small relative error (<2%). ChlF under different light intensities were simulated to show the effect of light intensity on ChlF emission. A simplified model structure with fewer state variables and model parameters will be more robust to perturbations and model parameter estimation. The model structure is thus expected useful in future green-house light control strategy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Feng
- School of Internet of Things, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijiang Fu
- School of Internet of Things, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xia
- School of Internet of Things, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglu Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Yongnian Jiang
- Jiangsu Zhongnong IoT Technology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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17
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Jurić I, Hibberd JM, Blatt M, Burroughs NJ. Computational modelling predicts substantial carbon assimilation gains for C3 plants with a single-celled C4 biochemical pump. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007373. [PMID: 31568503 PMCID: PMC6786660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving global food security for the estimated 9 billion people by 2050 is a major scientific challenge. Crop productivity is fundamentally restricted by the rate of fixation of atmospheric carbon. The dedicated enzyme, RubisCO, has a low turnover and poor specificity for CO2. This limitation of C3 photosynthesis (the basic carbon-assimilation pathway present in all plants) is alleviated in some lineages by use of carbon-concentrating-mechanisms, such as the C4 cycle-a biochemical pump that concentrates CO2 near RubisCO increasing assimilation efficacy. Most crops use only C3 photosynthesis, so one promising research strategy to boost their productivity focuses on introducing a C4 cycle. The simplest proposal is to use the cycle to concentrate CO2 inside individual chloroplasts. The photosynthetic efficiency would then depend on the leakage of CO2 out of a chloroplast. We examine this proposal with a 3D spatial model of carbon and oxygen diffusion and C4 photosynthetic biochemistry inside a typical C3-plant mesophyll cell geometry. We find that the cost-efficiency of C4 photosynthesis depends on the gas permeability of the chloroplast envelope, the C4 pathway having higher quantum efficiency than C3 for permeabilities below 300 μm/s. However, at higher permeabilities the C4 pathway still provides a substantial boost to carbon assimilation with only a moderate decrease in efficiency. The gains would be capped by the ability of chloroplasts to harvest light, but even under realistic light regimes a 100% boost to carbon assimilation is possible. This could be achieved in conjunction with lower investment in chloroplasts if their cell surface coverage is also reduced. Incorporation of this C4 cycle into C3 crops could thus promote higher growth rates and better drought resistance in dry, high-sunlight climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Jurić
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Julian M. Hibberd
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel J. Burroughs
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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18
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Matuszyńska A, Saadat NP, Ebenhöh O. Balancing energy supply during photosynthesis - a theoretical perspective. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:392-402. [PMID: 30864189 PMCID: PMC6849747 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) provides energy and redox equivalents for carbon fixation by the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle. Both of these processes have been thoroughly investigated and the underlying molecular mechanisms are well known. However, it is far from understood by which mechanisms it is ensured that energy and redox supply by photosynthesis matches the demand of the downstream processes. Here, we deliver a theoretical analysis to quantitatively study the supply-demand regulation in photosynthesis. For this, we connect two previously developed models, one describing the PETC, originally developed to study non-photochemical quenching, and one providing a dynamic description of the photosynthetic carbon fixation in C3 plants, the CBB Cycle. The merged model explains how a tight regulation of supply and demand reactions leads to efficient carbon fixation. The model further illustrates that a stand-by mode is necessary in the dark to ensure that the carbon fixation cycle can be restarted after dark-light transitions, and it supports hypotheses, which reactions are responsible to generate such mode in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Matuszyńska
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical BiologyHeinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- CEPLAS Cluster of Excellence on Plant SciencesHeinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Nima P. Saadat
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical BiologyHeinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Oliver Ebenhöh
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical BiologyHeinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- CEPLAS Cluster of Excellence on Plant SciencesHeinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
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19
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Belyaeva NE, Bulychev AA, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Analyzing both the fast and the slow phases of chlorophyll a fluorescence and P700 absorbance changes in dark-adapted and preilluminated pea leaves using a Thylakoid Membrane model. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 140:1-19. [PMID: 30810971 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The dark-to-light transitions enable energization of the thylakoid membrane (TM), which is reflected in fast and slow (OJIPSMT or OABCDE) stages of fluorescence induction (FI) and P700 oxidoreduction changes (ΔA810). A Thylakoid Membrane model (T-M model), in which special emphasis has been placed on ferredoxin-NADP+-oxidoreductase (FNR) activation and energy-dependent qE quenching, was applied for quantifying the kinetics of FI and ΔA810. Pea leaves were kept in darkness for 15 min and then the FI and ΔA810 signals were measured upon actinic illumination, applied either directly or after a 10-s light pulse coupled with a subsequent 10-s dark interval. On the time scale from 40 µs to 30 s, the parallel T-M model fittings to both FI and ΔA810 signals were obtained. The parameters of FNR activation and the buildup of qE quenching were found to differ for dark-adapted and preilluminated leaves. At the onset of actinic light, photosystem II (PSII) acceptors were oxidized (neutral) after dark adaptation, while the redox states with closed and/or semiquinone QA(-)QB(-) forms were supposedly generated after preillumination, and did not relax within the 10 s dark interval. In qE simulations, a pH-dependent Hill relationship was used. The rate constant of heat losses in PSII antenna kD(t) was found to increase from the basic value kDconst, at the onset of illumination, to its maximal level kDvar due to lumenal acidification. In dark-adapted leaves, a low value of kDconst of ∼ 2 × 106 s-1 was found. Simulations on the microsecond to 30 s time scale revealed that the slow P-S-M-T phases of the fluorescence induction were sensitive to light-induced FNR activation and high-energy qE quenching. Thus, the corresponding time-dependent rate constants kD(t) and kFNR(t) change substantially upon the release of electron transport on the acceptor side of PSI and during the NPQ development. The transitions between the cyclic and linear electron transport modes have also been quantified in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Belyaeva
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234.
| | - A A Bulychev
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - G Yu Riznichenko
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - A B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
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20
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Antal TK, Maslakov A, Yakovleva OV, Krendeleva TE, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Simulation of chlorophyll fluorescence rise and decay kinetics, and P 700-related absorbance changes by using a rule-based kinetic Monte-Carlo method. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 138:191-206. [PMID: 30062532 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A model of primary photosynthetic reactions in the thylakoid membrane was developed and its validity was tested by simulating three types of experimental kinetic curves: (1) the light-induced chlorophyll a fluorescence rise (OJIP transients) reflecting the stepwise transition of the photosynthetic electron transport chain from the oxidized to the fully reduced state; (2) the dark relaxation of the flash-induced fluorescence yield attributed to the QA- oxidation kinetics in PSII; and (3) the light-induced absorbance changes near 820 or 705 nm assigned to the redox transitions of P700 in PSI. A model was implemented by using a rule-based kinetic Monte-Carlo method and verified by simulating experimental curves under different treatments including photosynthetic inhibitors, heat stress, anaerobic conditions, and very high light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Antal
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991.
| | - A Maslakov
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - O V Yakovleva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - T E Krendeleva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - G Yu Riznichenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - A B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
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21
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Shah K, Amin NU, Ahmad I, Ara G. Impact assessment of leaf pigments in selected landscape plants exposed to roadside dust. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23055-23073. [PMID: 29860685 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Continuous addition of undesired effluents to the environment affects foliar surface of leaf, changes their morphology, stomata, photosynthetic pigments, and biochemical constituents which result in massive damage due to persistent nature of the pollutant. In persistent hostile environment, plants fail to grow and develop, and the effects are often extensive. In current study, landscape plants were exposed to different levels of road dust to analyze the effect on various photosynthetic pigments. Dry roadside sediments were collected through a vacuum pump and passed through filters to get fine particles less than 100 μm and sprinkled on Euphorbia milii (EM), Gardenia jasminoides (GJ), and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (HRs) by using a hand pump, twice daily at T1 (control), T2, T3, and T4 (0, 2, 4, and 6 g/plant, respectively) for a period of 3 months in green house. Road sediment significantly reduces leaf pigments in landscape plants population and the effects were more severe in high level of dust deposition. Individual response of EM, GJ, and HRs to different levels of road dust was variable; however, road sediment significantly reduces leaf pigments at high dose of roadside dust deposition. EM plants exposed to 2 g/plant roadside dust showed higher chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, chlorophyllide-b, and polar carotenoid contents as compared to GJ and HRs. Leaf chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, and polar carotenoid contents of EM were higher than GJ and HRs in T3 and T4 treatments. However HRs showed significantly higher protochlorophyllide, chlorophyllide-a, and pheophytin-b contents of leaf in T4 group. EM was found as tolerant landscape plant followed by HRs. GJ was most vulnerable to road dust stress. Present study concludes that the entire biosynthesis of leaf pigments is in chain and interlinked together where effect of road dust on one pigment influences other pigments and their derivatives. Salient features of the present study provide useful evidence to estimate roadside dust as a major risk factor for plant pigments, and plants in green belt along roadside suffer retarded growth and fail to establish and develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Shah
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Noor Ul Amin
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Gulshan Ara
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
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22
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Li L, Aro EM, Millar AH. Mechanisms of Photodamage and Protein Turnover in Photoinhibition. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:667-676. [PMID: 29887276 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid protein degradation and replacement is an important response to photodamage and a means of photoprotection by recovering proteostasis. Protein turnover and translation efficiency studies have discovered fast turnover subunits in cytochrome b6f and the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex, in addition to PSII subunit D1. Mutations of these complexes have been linked to enhanced photodamage at least partially via cyclic electron flow. Photodamage and photoprotection involving cytochrome b6f, NDH complex, cyclic electron flow, PSI, and nonphotochemical quenching proteins have been reported. Here, we propose that the rapid turnover of specific proteins in cytochrome b6f and the NDH complex need to be characterised and compared with the inhibition of PSII by excess excitation energy and PSI by excess electron flux to expand our understanding of photoinhibition mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, 6009, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Finnish Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology of Primary Producers, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - A Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, 6009, Perth, WA, Australia.
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23
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Spectrally decomposed dark-to-light transitions in a PSI-deficient mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:57-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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A four state parametric model for the kinetics of the non-photochemical quenching in Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:854-864. [PMID: 28801049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was studied in spinach chloroplasts using pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry. We present a new analysis method which describes the observed fluorescence quantum yield as the sum of the product of four different states of PSII and their corresponding quantum yields. These four distinct states are PSII in the quenched or unquenched state, and with its reaction center either open or closed depending upon the reduction of the QA site. With this method we can describe the dynamics of the NPQ induction and recovery as well as quantify the percentage of photoinactivated RC throughout the measurement. We show that after one cycle of quenching followed by a period of recovery, approximately 8-9% of the RC are photoinactivated, after two cycles of illumination this number becomes 15-17%. The recovery from the quenching appeared with rates of (50s)-1 and (1h)-1. The new analysis method presented here is flexible, allowing it to be applied to any type of PAM fluorometry protocol. The method allows to quantitatively compare qualitatively different PAM curves on the basis of statistically relevant fitting parameters and to quantify quenching dynamics and photoinactivation. Moreover, the results presented here demonstrate that the analysis of a single PAM fluorometry quenching experiment can already provide information on the relative quantum yield of the four different states of PSII for the intact chloroplasts - something no other form of spectroscopy could provide in a single measurement.
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25
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Moejes FW, Matuszynska A, Adhikari K, Bassi R, Cariti F, Cogne G, Dikaios I, Falciatore A, Finazzi G, Flori S, Goldschmidt-Clermont M, Magni S, Maguire J, Le Monnier A, Müller K, Poolman M, Singh D, Spelberg S, Stella GR, Succurro A, Taddei L, Urbain B, Villanova V, Zabke C, Ebenhöh O. A systems-wide understanding of photosynthetic acclimation in algae and higher plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2667-2681. [PMID: 28830099 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ability of phototrophs to colonise different environments relies on robust protection against oxidative stress, a critical requirement for the successful evolutionary transition from water to land. Photosynthetic organisms have developed numerous strategies to adapt their photosynthetic apparatus to changing light conditions in order to optimise their photosynthetic yield, which is crucial for life on Earth to exist. Photosynthetic acclimation is an excellent example of the complexity of biological systems, where highly diverse processes, ranging from electron excitation over protein protonation to enzymatic processes coupling ion gradients with biosynthetic activity, interact on drastically different timescales from picoseconds to hours. Efficient functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus and its protection is paramount for efficient downstream processes, including metabolism and growth. Modern experimental techniques can be successfully integrated with theoretical and mathematical models to promote our understanding of underlying mechanisms and principles. This review aims to provide a retrospective analysis of multidisciplinary photosynthetic acclimation research carried out by members of the Marie Curie Initial Training Project, AccliPhot, placing the results in a wider context. The review also highlights the applicability of photosynthetic organisms for industry, particularly with regards to the cultivation of microalgae. It intends to demonstrate how theoretical concepts can successfully complement experimental studies broadening our knowledge of common principles in acclimation processes in photosynthetic organisms, as well as in the field of applied microalgal biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Wanjiku Moejes
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
- Bantry Marine Research Station, Gearhies, Bantry, Co. Cork, Ireland P75 AX07
| | - Anna Matuszynska
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kailash Adhikari
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Bassi
- University of Verona, Department of Biotechnology, Italy
| | - Federica Cariti
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Angela Falciatore
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologie de Grenoble (BIG), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Grenoble 38100, France
| | - Serena Flori
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologie de Grenoble (BIG), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Grenoble 38100, France
| | | | - Stefano Magni
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julie Maguire
- Bantry Marine Research Station, Gearhies, Bantry, Co. Cork, Ireland P75 AX07
| | | | - Kathrin Müller
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mark Poolman
- Bantry Marine Research Station, Gearhies, Bantry, Co. Cork, Ireland P75 AX07
| | - Dipali Singh
- Bantry Marine Research Station, Gearhies, Bantry, Co. Cork, Ireland P75 AX07
| | - Stephanie Spelberg
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Giulio Rocco Stella
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Antonella Succurro
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lucilla Taddei
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Brieuc Urbain
- LUNAM, University of Nantes, GEPEA, UMR-CNRS 6144, France
| | | | | | - Oliver Ebenhöh
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
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26
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Kalaji HM, Schansker G, Brestic M, Bussotti F, Calatayud A, Ferroni L, Goltsev V, Guidi L, Jajoo A, Li P, Losciale P, Mishra VK, Misra AN, Nebauer SG, Pancaldi S, Penella C, Pollastrini M, Suresh K, Tambussi E, Yanniccari M, Zivcak M, Cetner MD, Samborska IA, Stirbet A, Olsovska K, Kunderlikova K, Shelonzek H, Rusinowski S, Bąba W. Frequently asked questions about chlorophyll fluorescence, the sequel. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 132:13-66. [PMID: 27815801 PMCID: PMC5357263 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Using chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence many aspects of the photosynthetic apparatus can be studied, both in vitro and, noninvasively, in vivo. Complementary techniques can help to interpret changes in the Chl a fluorescence kinetics. Kalaji et al. (Photosynth Res 122:121-158, 2014a) addressed several questions about instruments, methods and applications based on Chl a fluorescence. Here, additional Chl a fluorescence-related topics are discussed again in a question and answer format. Examples are the effect of connectivity on photochemical quenching, the correction of F V /F M values for PSI fluorescence, the energy partitioning concept, the interpretation of the complementary area, probing the donor side of PSII, the assignment of bands of 77 K fluorescence emission spectra to fluorescence emitters, the relationship between prompt and delayed fluorescence, potential problems when sampling tree canopies, the use of fluorescence parameters in QTL studies, the use of Chl a fluorescence in biosensor applications and the application of neural network approaches for the analysis of fluorescence measurements. The answers draw on knowledge from different Chl a fluorescence analysis domains, yielding in several cases new insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Angeles Calatayud
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5., 46113 Moncada, Valencia Spain
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vasilij Goltsev
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 8 Dr.Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M.P. 452 001 India
| | - Pengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Pasquale Losciale
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria [Research Unit for Agriculture in Dry Environments], 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vinod K. Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Doon (P.G.) College of Agriculture Science, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
| | - Amarendra N. Misra
- Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Ranchi, 835205 India
| | - Sergio G. Nebauer
- Departamento de Producción vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera sn., 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Consuelo Penella
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5., 46113 Moncada, Valencia Spain
| | - Martina Pollastrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Kancherla Suresh
- ICAR – Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi, West Godavari Dt., Andhra Pradesh 534 450 India
| | - Eduardo Tambussi
- Institute of Plant Physiology, INFIVE (Universidad Nacional de La Plata — Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Diagonal 113 N°495, CC 327, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcos Yanniccari
- Institute of Plant Physiology, INFIVE (Universidad Nacional de La Plata — Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Diagonal 113 N°495, CC 327, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Magdalena D. Cetner
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela A. Samborska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarina Olsovska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Kristyna Kunderlikova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Henry Shelonzek
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Szymon Rusinowski
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Kossutha 6, 40-844 Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bąba
- Department of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland
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Modeling the light-induced electric potential difference (ΔΨ), the pH difference (ΔpH) and the proton motive force across the thylakoid membrane in C3 leaves. J Theor Biol 2017; 413:11-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Stirbet A. The slow phase of chlorophyll a fluorescence induction in silico: Origin of the S-M fluorescence rise. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 130:193-213. [PMID: 26995191 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence induction (ChlFI) has a fast (under a second) increasing OJIP phase and a slow (few minutes) PS(M)T phase, where O is for origin, the minimum fluorescence, J and I for intermediate levels, P for peak, S for a semi-steady state, M for a maximum (which is sometimes missing), and T for the terminal steady-state level. We have used a photosynthesis model of Ebenhöh et al. (Philos Trans R Soc B, 2014, doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0223 ) in an attempt to simulate the slow PS(M)T phase and to determine the origin of the S-M rise in Chlamydomonas (C.) reinhardtii cells. Our experiments in silico show that a slow fluorescence S-M rise (as that observed, e.g., by Kodru et al. (Photosynth Res 125:219-231, 2015) can be simulated only if the photosynthetic samples are initially in a so-called "state 2," when the absorption cross section (CS) of Photosystem II (PSII) is lower than that of PSI, and Chl a fluorescence is low (see, e.g., a review by Papageorgiou and Govindjee (J Photochem Photobiol B 104:258-270, 2011). In this case, simulations show that illumination induces a state 2 (s2) to state 1 (s1) transition (qT21), and a slow S-M rise in the simulated ChlFI curve, since the fluorescence yield is known to be higher in s1, when CS of PSII is larger than that of PSI. Additionally, we have analyzed how light intensity and several photosynthetic processes influence the degree of this qT21, and thus the relative amplitude of the simulated S-M phase. A refinement of the photosynthesis model is, however, necessary in order to obtain a better fit of the simulation data with the measured ChlFI curves.
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Matuszyńska A, Heidari S, Jahns P, Ebenhöh O. A mathematical model of non-photochemical quenching to study short-term light memory in plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1860-1869. [PMID: 27620066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plants are permanently exposed to rapidly changing environments, therefore it is evident that they had to evolve mechanisms enabling them to dynamically adapt to such fluctuations. Here we study how plants can be trained to enhance their photoprotection and elaborate on the concept of the short-term illumination memory in Arabidopsis thaliana. By monitoring fluorescence emission dynamics we systematically observe the extent of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) after previous light exposure to recognise and quantify the memory effect. We propose a simplified mathematical model of photosynthesis that includes the key components required for NPQ activation, which allows us to quantify the contribution to photoprotection by those components. Due to its reduced complexity, our model can be easily applied to study similar behavioural changes in other species, which we demonstrate by adapting it to the shadow-tolerant plant Epipremnum aureum. Our results indicate that a basic mechanism of short-term light memory is preserved. The slow component, accumulation of zeaxanthin, accounts for the amount of memory remaining after relaxation in darkness, while the fast one, antenna protonation, increases quenching efficiency. With our combined theoretical and experimental approach we provide a unifying framework describing common principles of key photoprotective mechanisms across species in general, mathematical terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Matuszyńska
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Institute for Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Somayyeh Heidari
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad, 9177948974 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Peter Jahns
- Plant Biochemistry and Stress Physiology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Oliver Ebenhöh
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Institute for Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
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Possible role of interference, protein noise, and sink effects in nonphotochemical quenching in photosynthetic complexes. J Math Biol 2016; 74:43-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00285-016-1016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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A reductionist approach to model photosynthetic self-regulation in eukaryotes in response to light. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 43:1133-9. [PMID: 26614650 DOI: 10.1042/bst20150136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Along with the development of several large-scale methods such as mass spectrometry or micro arrays, genome wide models became not only a possibility but an obvious tool for theoretical biologists to integrate and analyse complex biological data. Nevertheless, incorporating the dynamics of photosynthesis remains one of the major challenges while reconstructing metabolic networks of plants and other photosynthetic organisms. In this review, we aim to provide arguments that small-scale models are still a suitable choice when it comes to discovering organisational principles governing the design of biological systems. We give a brief overview of recent modelling efforts in understanding the interplay between rapid, photoprotective mechanisms and the redox balance within the thylakoid membrane, discussing the applicability of a reductionist approach in modelling self-regulation in plants and outline possible directions for further research.
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32
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Systems approach to excitation-energy and electron transfer reaction networks in photosystem II complex: model studies for chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics. J Theor Biol 2015; 380:220-37. [PMID: 26025316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PS II) is a protein complex which evolves oxygen and drives charge separation for photosynthesis employing electron and excitation-energy transfer processes over a wide timescale range from picoseconds to milliseconds. While the fluorescence emitted by the antenna pigments of this complex is known as an important indicator of the activity of photosynthesis, its interpretation was difficult because of the complexity of PS II. In this study, an extensive kinetic model which describes the complex and multi-timescale characteristics of PS II is analyzed through the use of the hierarchical coarse-graining method proposed in the authors׳ earlier work. In this coarse-grained analysis, the reaction center (RC) is described by two states, open and closed RCs, both of which consist of oxidized and neutral special pairs being in quasi-equilibrium states. Besides, the PS II model at millisecond scale with three-state RC, which was studied previously, could be derived by suitably adjusting the kinetic parameters of electron transfer between tyrosine and RC. Our novel coarse-grained model of PS II can appropriately explain the light-intensity dependent change of the characteristic patterns of fluorescence induction kinetics from O-J-I-P, which shows two inflection points, J and I, between initial point O and peak point P, to O-J-D-I-P, which shows a dip D between J and I inflection points.
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Goldschmidt-Clermont M, Bassi R. Sharing light between two photosystems: mechanism of state transitions. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 25:71-8. [PMID: 26002067 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the thylakoid membrane, the two photosystems act in series to promote linear electron flow, with the concomitant production of ATP and reducing equivalents such as NADPH. Photosystem I, which is preferentially activated in far-red light, also energizes cyclic electron flow which generates only ATP. Thus, changes in light quality and cellular metabolic demand require a rapid regulation of the activity of the two photosystems. At low light intensities, this is mediated by state transitions. They allow the dynamic allocation of light harvesting antennae to the two photosystems, regulated through protein phosphorylation by a kinase and phosphatase pair that respond to the redox state of the electron transfer chain. Phosphorylation of the antennae leads to remodeling of the photosynthetic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Goldschmidt-Clermont
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, 15, strada Le Grazie, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Derks A, Schaven K, Bruce D. Diverse mechanisms for photoprotection in photosynthesis. Dynamic regulation of photosystem II excitation in response to rapid environmental change. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:468-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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35
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Gu W, Li H, Zhao P, Yu R, Pan G, Gao S, Xie X, Huang A, He L, Wang G. Quantitative proteomic analysis of thylakoid from two microalgae (Haematococcus pluvialis and Dunaliella salina) reveals two different high light-responsive strategies. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6661. [PMID: 25335577 PMCID: PMC4205843 DOI: 10.1038/srep06661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Under high light (HL) stress, astaxanthin-accumulating Haematococcus pluvialis and β-carotene-accumulating Dunaliella salina showed different responsive patterns. To elucidate cellular-regulating strategies photosynthetically and metabolically, thylakoid membrane proteins in H. pluvialis and D. salina were extracted and relatively quantified after 0 h, 24 h and 48 h of HL stress. Proteomic analysis showed that three subunits of the cytochrome b6/f complex were greatly reduced under HL stress in H. pluvialis, while they were increased in D. salina. Additionally, the major subunits of both photosystem (PS) II and PSI reaction center proteins were first reduced and subsequently recovered in H. pluvialis, while they were gradually reduced in D. salina. D. salina also showed a greater ability to function using the xanthophyll-cycle and the cyclic photosynthetic electron transfer pathway compared to H. pluvialis. We propose a reoriented and effective HL-responsive strategy in H. pluvialis, enabling it to acclimate under HL. The promising metabolic pathway described here contains a reorganized pentose phosphate pathway, Calvin cycle and glycolysis pathway participating in carbon sink formation under HL in H. pluvialis. Additionally, the efficient carbon reorientation strategy in H. pluvialis was verified by elevated extracellular carbon assimilation and rapid conversion into astaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, 266071 Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, 266071 Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Ruixue Yu
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300457 Tianjin, China
| | - Guanghua Pan
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300457 Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Xiujun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Aiyou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Linwen He
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, 266071 Qingdao, China
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Chloroplast remodeling during state transitions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as revealed by noninvasive techniques in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:5042-7. [PMID: 24639515 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1322494111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to changes in light quality by regulating the absorption capacity of their photosystems. These short-term adaptations use redox-controlled, reversible phosphorylation of the light-harvesting complexes (LHCIIs) to regulate the relative absorption cross-section of the two photosystems (PSs), commonly referred to as state transitions. It is acknowledged that state transitions induce substantial reorganizations of the PSs. However, their consequences on the chloroplast structure are more controversial. Here, we investigate how state transitions affect the chloroplast structure and function using complementary approaches for the living cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Using small-angle neutron scattering, we found a strong periodicity of the thylakoids in state 1, with characteristic repeat distances of ∼ 200 Å, which was almost completely lost in state 2. As revealed by circular dichroism, changes in the thylakoid periodicity were paralleled by modifications in the long-range order arrangement of the photosynthetic complexes, which was reduced by ∼ 20% in state 2 compared with state 1, but was not abolished. Furthermore, absorption spectroscopy reveals that the enhancement of PSI antenna size during state 1 to state 2 transition (∼ 20%) is not commensurate to the decrease in PSII antenna size (∼ 70%), leading to the possibility that a large part of the phosphorylated LHCIIs do not bind to PSI, but instead form energetically quenched complexes, which were shown to be either associated with PSII supercomplexes or in a free form. Altogether these noninvasive in vivo approaches allow us to present a more likely scenario for state transitions that explains their molecular mechanism and physiological consequences.
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37
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Spetea C, Rintamäki E, Schoefs B. Changing the light environment: chloroplast signalling and response mechanisms. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130220. [PMID: 24591707 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is an essential environmental factor required for photosynthesis, but it also mediates signals to control plant development and growth and induces stress tolerance. The photosynthetic organelle (chloroplast) is a key component in the signalling and response network in plants. This theme issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biology provides updates, highlights and summaries of the most recent findings on chloroplast-initiated signalling cascades and responses to environmental changes, including light and biotic stress. Besides plant molecular cell biology and physiology, the theme issue includes aspects from the cross-disciplinary fields of environmental adaptation, ecology and agronomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, , PO Box 461, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
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