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Boštjančić LL, Dragičević P, Bonassin L, Francesconi C, Tarandek A, Schardt L, Rutz C, Hudina S, Schwenk K, Lecompte O, Theissinger K. Expression of C/EBP and Kr-h1 transcription factors under immune stimulation in the noble crayfish. Gene 2024; 929:148813. [PMID: 39094714 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) have an important role in the regulation of the gene expression network. The role of TFs in the immune response of freshwater crayfish is poorly understood, but leveraging the regulatory mechanisms of immune response could augment the resistance against the invasive oomycete pathogen, Aphanomyces astaci. Previous studies indicated that the TFs CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) and putative Krüppel homolog-1 protein (Kr-h1) might play a role in immune and stress response of the noble crayfish (Astacus astacus). Here, we aimed to further characterise these two gene products to gain a better understanding of their evolutionary origin, domain organisation and expression patterns across different crayfish tissues. Furthermore, we conducted an immune stimulation experiment to observe the potential changes in the gene expression of C/EBP and Kr-h1 under immune challenge in different crayfish tissues. Our results showed that both C/EBP and Kr-h1 are closely related to other C/EBPs and Kr-h1s in Malacostraca. Gene expression analysis revealed that both TFs are present in all analysed tissues, with higher expression of C/EBP in the gills and Kr-h1 in the abdominal muscle. Immune stimulation with laminarin (mimicking β-1-3-glucan in the oomycete cell wall) showed an activation of the crayfish immune system, with an overall increase in the total haemocyte count (THC) compared to untreated control and crayfish buffered saline (CBS) treatment. On the gene expression level, an up-regulation of the C/EBP gene was detected in the laminarin treated group in hepatopancreas and heart, while no changes were observed for the Kr-h1 gene. Our results indicate an early change in C/EBP expression in multiple tissues during immune stimulation and suggest its involvement in the immune response of the noble crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljudevit Luka Boštjančić
- Institute of Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Gießen, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Computer Science, ICube, UMR 7357, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Rue Eugène Boeckel 1, 67000 Strasbourg, France; iES - Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - Paula Dragičević
- Depatment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lena Bonassin
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Computer Science, ICube, UMR 7357, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Rue Eugène Boeckel 1, 67000 Strasbourg, France; iES - Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Caterina Francesconi
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany; iES - Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Anita Tarandek
- Depatment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Leonie Schardt
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christelle Rutz
- Department of Computer Science, ICube, UMR 7357, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Rue Eugène Boeckel 1, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandra Hudina
- Depatment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klaus Schwenk
- iES - Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Odile Lecompte
- Department of Computer Science, ICube, UMR 7357, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Rue Eugène Boeckel 1, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kathrin Theissinger
- Institute of Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Gießen, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
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Barnett ZC, Garrick RC. Relationships between crayfish population genetic diversity, species richness, and abundance within impounded and unimpounded streams in Alabama, USA. PeerJ 2024; 12:e18006. [PMID: 39346066 PMCID: PMC11430169 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between multi-scale processes driving community- and population-level diversity can guide conservation efforts. While the importance of population-level genetic diversity is widely recognized, it is not always assessed for conservation planning, and positive correlations with community-level diversity are sometimes assumed, such that only the latter is measured. We surveyed species richness and cumulative multispecies abundance of crayfishes in impounded and unimpounded streams in the southern Appalachian Mountains (Alabama, USA). We simultaneously assessed levels of population genetic diversity within two focal crayfishes (Faxonius validus and F. erichsonianus) using nuclear (nDNA; inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR)) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA; mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI)) markers. We then tested for species-genetic diversity correlations (SGDCs), species diversity-abundance correlations (i.e., more individuals hypothesis, MIH), and abundance-genetic diversity correlations (AGDCs) across sites. We also examined the relationship between each of the three different types of correlation (i.e., species richness, cumulative multispecies abundance, and population genetic diversity) and stream habitat characteristics and fragmentation. Surprisingly, based on F. validus mtDNA data, sites with the greatest multispecies abundance had the lowest genetic diversity, indicating a negative AGDC. However, no AGDC was evident from nDNA. There was no evidence of SGDCs for F. validus based on either of the two genetic data types. For F. erichsonianus, there was no evidence for SGDC or AGDC. When considering the community-level data only, there was no support for the MIH. Stream width was positively correlated with F. validus genetic diversity, but negatively correlated with multispecies abundance. Similarly, species richness was positively correlated with stream width in unimpounded streams but negatively correlated with width in impounded streams. These findings indicate that community-level diversity cannot be indiscriminately used as a proxy for population-level diversity without empirically testing this correlation on the focal group. As such, community- and population-level assessments for multiple crayfish species are needed to better understand drivers of diversity and eco-evolutionary processes which will aid in the conservation of this vulnerable taxonomic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanethia C. Barnett
- Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Oxford, Mississippi, United States
| | - Ryan C. Garrick
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
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Roberto Rolando Pisano S, Steiner J, Cristina E, Delefortrie Z, Delalay G, Krieg R, Zenker A, Schmidt-Posthaus H. An old unknown: 40 years of crayfish plague monitoring in Switzerland, the water tower of Europe. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 206:108159. [PMID: 38925366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The oomycete Aphanomyces astaci is the causative agent of crayfish plague, a disease threatening susceptible freshwater crayfish species in Europe. To detect its spatiotemporal occurrence in Switzerland, we reviewed (1) the literature regarding occurrence of crayfish plague and North American crayfish carrier species and (2) the necropsy report archive of the Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI) from 1968 to 2020. In the past, crayfish plague was diagnosed through several methods: conventional PCR, culture, and histology. When available, we re-evaluated archived Bouin's or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples collected during necropsies (1991-2020) with a recently published quantitative PCR. Literature research revealed putative reports of crayfish plague in Switzerland between the 1870s and 1910s and the first occurrence of three North American crayfish species between the late 1970s and 1990s. Finally, 54 (28.1%) cases were classified as positive and 9 (4.7%) cases as suspicious. The total number of positive cases increased by 14 (14.7%) after re-evaluation of samples. The earliest diagnosis of crayfish plague was performed in 1980 and the earliest biomolecular confirmation of A. astaci DNA dated 1991. Between 1980-1990, 1991-2000 and 2001-2010 crayfish plague spread from one to two and finally three catchment basins, respectively. Similar to other European countries, crayfish plague has occurred in Switzerland in two waves: the first at the end of the 19th and the second at the end of the 20th century in association with the first occurrence of North American crayfish species. The spread from one catchment basin to another suggests a human-mediated pathogen dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Steiner
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Cristina
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zoé Delefortrie
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gary Delalay
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Krieg
- Koordinationsstelle Flusskrebse Schweiz (KFKS), Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz, Hochschule für Life Sciences, Institut für Ecopreneurship, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Armin Zenker
- Koordinationsstelle Flusskrebse Schweiz (KFKS), Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz, Hochschule für Life Sciences, Institut für Ecopreneurship, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Heike Schmidt-Posthaus
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Zhang Z, Yu H, Tao M, Lv T, Li F, Yu D, Liu C. Mechanistic insight into the impact of polystyrene microparticle on submerged plant during asexual propagules germination to seedling: Internalization in functional organs and alterations of physiological phenotypes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133929. [PMID: 38452672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Asexual reproduction is one of the most important propagations in aquatic plants. However, there is a lack of information about the growth-limiting mechanisms induced by microplastics on the submerged plant during asexual propagule germination to seedling. Hence, we investigated the effects of two sizes (2 µm, 0.2 µm) and three concentrations (0.5 mg/L, 5 mg/L, and 50 mg/L) of polystyrene microplastics (PSMPs) on Potamogeton crispus turion germination and seedling growth. Both PSMPs sizes were found in P. crispus seedling tissues. Metabolic profile alterations were observed in leaves, particularly affecting secondary metabolic pathways and ATP-binding cassette transporters. Metal elements are indispensable cofactors for photosynthesis; however, alterations in the metabolic profile led to varying degrees of reduced concentrations in magnesium, iron, copper, and zinc within P. crispus. Therefore, the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II significantly decreased in all concentrations with 0.2 µm-PSMPs, and at 50 mg/L with 2 µm-PSMPs. These findings reveal that internalization of microplastics, nutrient absorption inhibition, and metabolic changes contribute to the negative impact on P. crispus seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Min Tao
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Tian Lv
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Fuchao Li
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Dan Yu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
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Ghukasyan E, Asatryan V, Melkonyan H, Badalyan N, Shahnazaryan G, Gabrielyan B. The state of the population of narrow-clawed crayfish in Lake Sevan (Armenia) under multiple stress conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1278. [PMID: 37801148 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The narrow-clawed crayfish is a crayfish species that was accidentally introduced into the ecosystem of Lake Sevan in the 1980s. Soon it became one of the most preferred fisheries in the lake and an important link in the food chain by successfully replacing the endemic fish subspecies Sevan khramicarp (Capoeta sevangi, De Filippi, 1865) in the chain of detritivores. However, recently, the stock declines dramatically, associated with two main threats: the impact of burn-spot disease and an increase in fishing pressure on its population. To estimate the state of population under multiple stress conditions, we investigated the dynamics of stock, the size/age and sex structure, the fecundity, and the health status of the population. A comparative analysis of oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase activities and reduced glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance contents) showed significant differences between healthy and infected individuals. Another indirect effect of the disease, which probably leads to a decrease in the stock, was an increase in the proportion of immature females. Also, we observed some decrease in the infection rate along with the decline in the density of crayfish. However, stock reduction and some changes in the population may also be caused by a strong bloom of cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Ghukasyan
- Institute of Hydroecology and Ichthyology of SCZHE of NAS of RA, 7 P. Sevak Str., 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Vardan Asatryan
- Institute of Hydroecology and Ichthyology of SCZHE of NAS of RA, 7 P. Sevak Str., 0014, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Hranush Melkonyan
- Institute of Hydroecology and Ichthyology of SCZHE of NAS of RA, 7 P. Sevak Str., 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Norik Badalyan
- Institute of Hydroecology and Ichthyology of SCZHE of NAS of RA, 7 P. Sevak Str., 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Gayane Shahnazaryan
- "Hydrometeorology and Monitoring Center" SNCO, 46 Charenc Str., 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Bardukh Gabrielyan
- Institute of Hydroecology and Ichthyology of SCZHE of NAS of RA, 7 P. Sevak Str., 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
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Perkins MA, Williams BW, Russ WT. Integrative taxonomy reveals two new narrowly-endemic crayfish species (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Yadkin River Basin in western North Carolina, USA. Zootaxa 2023; 5270:207-230. [PMID: 37518167 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5270.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Two new species of stream-dwelling crayfish, Cambarus lapidosus, the Stony Fork Crayfish, and Cambarus burchfielae, the Falls Crayfish, are described from the Yadkin River basin in western North Carolina, USA, using an integrative taxonomic approach consisting of morphological, genetic, and biogeographic data. Both species were previously considered to be members of the widely distributed Cambarus species C complex, which occurs throughout mid-Atlantic Slope river basins; however, they are in fact morphologically and genetically more similar to the Cambarus robustus species complex from interior basins in the south-central Appalachians, indicating Atlantic basin stream capture of an Interior basin faunal group has occurred in this region. Both new species described herein can be differentiated from these two complexes, and each other, by several morphological characteristics. Cambarus lapidosus and C. burchfielae are differentiated from C. species C by the absence of cervical spines and the presence of 1-2 subpalmar tubercles on the chelae in most specimens; both species are less-punctate across the areola than C. aff. robustus. Cambarus burchfielae is further differentiated from C. lapidosus, C. species C, and C. aff. robustus by the presence of a narrower and sparsely punctate areola, a single weak row of tubercles on the mesial margin of the palm, and the absence of tubercles on the dorsal surface of the dactyl. The newly described species are genetically sister taxa and together are most similar by genetic distance to undescribed members of the C. robustus species complex from the nearby (~30 km) Watauga River basin and most phylogenetically similar to C. aff. robustus from the adjacent New River basin; both are interior basin drainages. The newly-described species are endemic to the Blue Ridge Mountains of western North Carolina and have restricted distributions (<100 km2-150 km2) in small (<4th order) tributaries to the Yadkin River. Cambarus lapidosus is known only from the upper Stony Fork watershed and C. burchfielae is known only from the upper reaches of the adjacent Lewis Fork watershed; both species likely qualify for conservation status protections under narrow geographic range criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Perkins
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; 645 Fish Hatchery Road; Marion NC; 28752.
| | - Bronwyn W Williams
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences; Research Laboratory; 1671 Gold Star Drive; Raleigh NC; 27669.
| | - William T Russ
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; 645 Fish Hatchery Road; Marion NC; 28752.
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Azra MN, Wong LL, Aouissi HA, Zekker I, Amin MA, Adnan WNW, Abdullah MF, Abd Latif Z, Noor MIM, Lananan F, Pardi F. Crayfish Research: A Global Scientometric Analysis Using CiteSpace. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071240. [PMID: 37048496 PMCID: PMC10093174 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A scientometric analysis was conducted to investigate the trends and development of crayfish research in terms of literature published, author, affiliation, and countries’ collaborative networks, as well as the co-citation dataset (e.g., author, article, and keywords). The study analyzed 12,039 bibliographic datasets from the Web of Science, using CiteSpace as a tool for the co-citation analysis. The study revealed extraordinary increases in publication trends, with a total of 21,329 authors involved in approximately 80% of countries around the world (163/195) having conducted crayfish research. Unsurprisingly, countries such as the USA and China, followed by European countries, were among the top countries that have published crayfish-related studies. The findings also indicated that “invasive crayfish” was the world’s top keyword for crayfish research. Crayfish species are important for both environmental sustainability (invasiveness and species composition) and social wellbeing (aquaculture), which provides directions for research, philanthropic, academic, government, and non-government organizations regarding how to invest limited resources into policies, programs, and research towards the future management of this species. Our study concluded that strategic collaboration among authors, institutions, and countries would be vital to tackle the issue of invasive crayfish species around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Nor Azra
- Climate Change Adaptation Laboratory, Institute of Marine Biotechnology (IMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia
- Research Center for Marine and Land Bioindustry, Earth Sciences and Maritime Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Pemenang 83352, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
| | - Li Lian Wong
- Climate Change Adaptation Laboratory, Institute of Marine Biotechnology (IMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia
| | - Hani Amir Aouissi
- Scientific and Technical Research Center on Arid Regions (CRSTRA), Biskra 07000, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Recherche et d’Etude en Aménagement et Urbanisme (LREAU), University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers 16000, Algeria
- Environmental Research Center (CRE), Badji-Mokhtar Annaba University, Annaba 23000, Algeria
| | - Ivar Zekker
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mohd Ashaari Amin
- Crayfish Aqua Venture (CAV), Pulau Gadong Street, Klebang Besar, Melaka 75200, Malaysia
| | - Wan Norazira Wan Adnan
- Department of Applied Sciences and Agriculture, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Johor Branch Campus, Segamat 85000, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Fuad Abdullah
- Institute for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
| | - Zulkiflee Abd Latif
- Institute for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Iqbal Mohd Noor
- Institute for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
- Faculty of Business Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) (Pahang), Raub 27600, Malaysia
| | - Fathurrahman Lananan
- East Coast Environmental Research Institute, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 21300, Malaysia
| | - Faezah Pardi
- Institute for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hauck LL, Atkinson CL, Homyack JA, Penaluna BE, Mangum C, Coble AA, Nettles J, Thornton-Frost JE, Fix MJ. Molecular identity crisis: environmental DNA metabarcoding meets traditional taxonomy—assessing biodiversity and freshwater mussel populations (Unionidae) in Alabama. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15127. [PMID: 37033728 PMCID: PMC10078462 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) to assess aquatic biodiversity is a growing field with great potential for monitoring and managing threatened species, like freshwater mussel (Unionidae) populations. Freshwater mussels are globally imperiled and serve essential roles in aquatic systems as a food source and as a natural water filter making their management essential for ecosystem health. Unfortunately, mussel populations are often understudied, and challenges exist to accurately and efficiently describe the full suite of species present. Multispecies eDNA approaches may also be more challenging where freshwater mussel populations are most diverse due to ongoing and significant taxonomic restructuring that has been further complicated by molecular phylogenies using mitochondrial genes. For this study, we developed a microfluidic metabarcoding array that targets a wide range of species, from invertebrates to fishes, with an emphasis on detecting unionid mussels known to be present in the Sipsey River, Alabama. We compared mussel species diversity across six sites with well-studied mussel assemblages using eDNA surveys and traditional quadrat surveys in 2016. We examined how factors such as mussel population density, biomass and location in the river substrate impacted our ability to detect certain species; and investigated unexpected eDNA detections through phylogenetic analysis. Our eDNA results for fish and mussel species were broadly consistent with the data from traditional electrofishing and quadrat-based field surveys, although both community eDNA and conventional sampling detected species unique to that method. Our phylogenetic analysis agreed with other studies that treat Pleurobema decisum and P. chattanoogaense as synonymous species; however, they are still listed as unique species in molecular databases which complicates their identity in a metabarcoding assay. We also found that Fusconaia flava and F. cerina are indistinguishable from one another using a portion of the NADH dehydrogenase Subunit 1 (ND1) marker, which may warrant further investigation into whether or not they are synonymous. Our results show that many factors impacted our ability to detect and correctly identify Unionidae mussel species. Here we describe the obstacles we faced, including the murky phylogeny of Unionidae mussels and turbid river conditions, and our development of a potentially impactful freshwater mussel monitoring eDNA assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Hauck
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Carla L. Atkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | | | - Brooke E. Penaluna
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Ashley A. Coble
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI), Corvallis, OR, USA
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Hernández-Pérez A, Söderhäll I. Intestinal microbiome in crayfish: Its role upon growth and disease presentation. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 145:104703. [PMID: 37004928 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The intestine-associated microbiota in crustaceans are considered a key element for maintaining homeostasis and health within the organisms. Recently, efforts have been made to characterize bacterial communities of freshwater crustaceans, including crayfish, and their interplay with the host's physiology and the aquatic environments. As a result, it has become evident that crayfish intestinal microbial communities display high plasticity, which is strongly influenced by both the diet, especially in aquaculture, and the environment. Moreover, studies regarding the characterization and distribution of the microbiota along the gut portions led to the discovery of bacteria with probiotic potential. The addition of these microorganisms to their food has shown a limited positive correlation with the growth and development of crayfish freshwater species. Finally, there is evidence that infections, particularly those from viral etiology, lead to low diversity and abundance of the intestinal microbial communities. In the present article, we have reviewed data on the crayfish' intestinal microbiota, highlighting the most frequently observed taxa and emphasizing the dominance of phylum within this community. In addition, we have also searched for evidence of microbiome manipulation and its potential impact on productive parameters, and discussed the role of the microbiome in the regulation of diseases presentation, and environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Hernández-Pérez
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Abejas, Conejos y Organismos Acuáticos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, México.
| | - Irene Söderhäll
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Quebedeaux KB, Taylor CA, Curtis AN, Larson ER. A multi-method approach for assessing the distribution of a rare, burrowing North American crayfish species. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14748. [PMID: 36846445 PMCID: PMC9948742 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary burrowing crayfishes face high extinction risk, but are challenging to study, manage, and conserve due to their difficult-to-sample habitat (i.e., terrestrial burrows) and low population densities. We apply here a variety of methods to characterize the distribution, habitat associations, and conservation status of the Boston Mountains Crayfish Cambarus causeyi (Reimer, 1966), an endemic burrowing crayfish found only in the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas, United States. We used species distribution modeling (SDM) on historic occurrence records to characterize the distribution and macro-scale habitat associations of this species. We then ground-truthed SDM predictions with conventional sampling, modeled fine-scale habitat associations with generalized linear models (GLM), and lastly developed and tested an environmental DNA (eDNA) assay for this species in comparison to conventional sampling. This represents, to our knowledge, the first successful eDNA assay for a terrestrial burrowing crayfish. Our MaxEnt-derived SDM found a strong effect of average annual precipitation on the historic distribution of C. causeyi, which occurred most frequently at locations with moderately high average annual precipitation (140-150 cm/yr) within our study region. Cambarus causeyi was difficult to detect by conventional sampling in 2019 and 2020, found at only 9 of 51 sites (17.6%) sampled by searching for and manually excavating crayfish burrows. Surprisingly, habitat suitability predicted from our MaxEnt models was not associated with contemporary C. causeyi occurrences per GLMs. Instead, C. causeyi presence was negatively associated with both sandy soils and the presence of other burrowing crayfish species. Poor SDM performance in this instance was likely caused by the omission of high resolution fine-scale habitat data (e.g., soils) and biotic interactions from MaxEnt models. Finally, our eDNA assay detected C. causeyi from six of 25 sites (24.0%) sampled in 2020, out-performing conventional surveys by burrow excavation for this species. Given the difficulty of studying primary burrowing crayfishes and their high conservation need, we propose that eDNA may become an increasingly important monitoring tool for C. causeyi and similar species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen B. Quebedeaux
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States of America,Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Taylor
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States of America
| | - Amanda N. Curtis
- Program in Ecology, Evolution & Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Eric R. Larson
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
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11
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Van Der Wal C, Ahyong ST, Adams MWD, Ewart KM, Ho SYW, Lo N. Genomic analysis reveals strong population structure in the Giant Sydney Crayfish (Euastacus spinifer (Heller, 1865)). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 178:107629. [PMID: 36191898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Australia is home to over 140 species of freshwater crayfish (Decapoda: Parastacidae), representing a centre of diversity for this group in the Southern Hemisphere. Species delimitation in freshwater crayfish is difficult because many species show significant variation in colouration and morphology. This is particularly evident in the genus Euastacus, which exhibits large variations in colour and spination throughout its putative range. To understand this variation, we investigated the genetic diversity, population structure, phylogeny, and evolutionary timescale of the Giant Sydney Crayfish (Euastacus spinifer (Heller, 1865)). Our data set is sampled from over 70 individuals from across the ∼600 km range of the species, and includes a combination of two mitochondrial markers and more than 7000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the nuclear genome. Data were also obtained for representatives of the close relative, Euastacus vesper McCormack and Ahyong, 2017. Genomic SNP analyses revealed strong population structure, with multiple distinct populations showing little evidence of gene flow or migration. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial data revealed similar structure between populations. Taken together, our analyses suggest that E. spinifer, as currently understood, represents a species complex, of which E. vesper is a member. Molecular clock estimates place the divergences within this group during the Pleistocene. The isolated and highly fragmented populations identified in our analyses probably represent relict populations of a previously widespread ancestral species. Periodic flooding events during the Pleistocene are likely to have facilitated the movement of these otherwise restricted freshwater crayfish within and between drainage basins, including the Murray-Darling and South East Coast Drainages. We present evidence supporting the recognition of populations in the southern parts of the range of E. spinifer as one or two separate species, which would raise the number of species within the E. spinifer complex to at least three. Our results add to the growing body of evidence that many freshwater crayfish exhibit highly fragmented, range-restricted distributions. In combination with the life-history traits of these species, the restricted distributions exacerbate the threats already placed on freshwater crayfish, which are among the five most endangered animal groups globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Van Der Wal
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Shane T Ahyong
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Maxim W D Adams
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kyle M Ewart
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Simon Y W Ho
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nathan Lo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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12
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Phylogeography and population genetics of a headwater-stream adapted crayfish, Cambarus pristinus (Decapoda: Cambaridae), from the Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee. CONSERV GENET 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-022-01477-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Tanalgo KC, Oliveira HFM, Hughes AC. Mapping global conservation priorities and habitat vulnerabilities for cave-dwelling bats in a changing world. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156909. [PMID: 35753458 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Research and media attention is disproportionately focused on taxa and ecosystems perceived as charismatic, while other equally diverse systems such as caves and subterranean ecosystems are often neglected in biodiversity assessments and prioritisations. Highlighting the urgent need for protection, an especially large fraction of cave endemic species may be undescribed. Yet these more challenging systems are also vulnerable, with karsts for example losing a considerable proportion of their area each year. Bats are keystone to cave ecosystems making them potential surrogates to understand cave diversity patterns and identify conservation priorities. On a global scale, almost half (48 %) of known bat species use caves for parts of their life histories, with 32 % endemic to a single country, and 15 % currently threatened. We combined global analysis of cave bats from the IUCN spatial data with site-specific analysis of 1930 bat caves from 46 countries to develop global priorities for the conservation of the most vulnerable subterranean ecosystems. Globally, 28 % of caves showed high bat diversity and were highly threatened. The highest regional concentration of conservation priority caves was in the Palearctic and tropical regions (except the Afrotropical, which requires more intensive cave data sampling). Our results further highlight the importance of prioritising bat caves by incorporating locally collected data and optimising parameter selection (i.e., appropriate landscape features and threats). Finally, to protect and conserve these ecosystems it is crucial that we use frameworks such as this to identify priorities in species and habitat-level and map vulnerable underground habitats with the highest biodiversity and distinctiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krizler C Tanalgo
- Landscape Ecology Group, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, PR China; Center for Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, PR China; International College of the University Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Zukunftskolleg and the Centre for Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Baden-Württemberg, Konstanz, Germany; Ecology and Conservation Research Laboratory (Eco/Con Lab), Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, North Cotabato, Philippines.
| | | | - Alice Catherine Hughes
- Landscape Ecology Group, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, PR China; Center for Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, PR China; International College of the University Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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14
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Diehl KM, Storer NM, Wells HD, Davis DA, Loughman ZJ, Graham ZA. On the surface or down below: Field observations reveal a high degree of surface activity in a burrowing crayfish, the Little Brown Mudbug (Lacunicambarus thomai). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273540. [PMID: 36240144 PMCID: PMC9565396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Opposed to most crayfish species that inhabit permanent bodies of water, a unique burrowing lifestyle has evolved several times throughout the crayfish phylogeny. Burrowing crayfish are considered to be semi-terrestrial, as they burrow to the groundwater—creating complex burrows that occasionally reach 3 m in depth. Because burrowing crayfishes spend most of their lives within their burrow, we lack a basic understanding of the behavior and natural history of these species. However, recent work suggests that burrowing crayfishes may exhibit a higher level of surface activity than previously thought. In the current study, we conducted a behavioral study of the Little Brown Mudbug, Lacunicambarus thomai using video surveillance to determine their degree of surface activity and behavioral patterns. Throughout 664 hrs of footage, we observed a surprisingly high amount of activity at the surface of their burrows—both during the day and night. The percentage of time that individual crayfish was observed at the surface ranged from 21% to 69% per individual, with an average of 42.48% of the time spent at the surface across all crayfish. Additionally, we created an ethogram based on six observed behaviors and found that each behavior had a strong circadian effect. For example, we only observed a single observation of foraging on vegetation during the day, whereas 270 observations of this behavior were documented at night. Overall, our results suggest that burrowing crayfishes may exhibit higher levels of surface activity than previously thought. To increase our understanding of burrowing crayfish behaviors ecology, we encourage the continued use of video-recorded observations in the field and the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaine M. Diehl
- Department of Organismal Biology, Ecology & Zoo Science, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV, United States of America
| | - Nicoleena M. Storer
- Department of Organismal Biology, Ecology & Zoo Science, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV, United States of America
| | - Hogan D. Wells
- Department of Organismal Biology, Ecology & Zoo Science, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV, United States of America
| | - Destinee A. Davis
- Department of Organismal Biology, Ecology & Zoo Science, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV, United States of America
| | - Zachary J. Loughman
- Department of Organismal Biology, Ecology & Zoo Science, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV, United States of America
| | - Zackary A. Graham
- Department of Organismal Biology, Ecology & Zoo Science, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Ward M, Southwell D, Gallagher RV, Raadik TA, Whiterod NS, Lintermans M, Sheridan G, Nyman P, Suárez‐Castro AF, Marsh J, Woinarski J, Legge S. Modelling the spatial extent of post‐fire sedimentation threat to estimate the impacts of fire on waterways and aquatic species. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ward
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- WWF‐Aus Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Darren Southwell
- Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW Australia
| | - Rachael V. Gallagher
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Tarmo A. Raadik
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Nick S. Whiterod
- Aquasave−Nature Glenelg Trust Victor Harbor South Australia Australia
| | - Mark Lintermans
- Centre for Applied Water Science University of Canberra Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Gary Sheridan
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Petter Nyman
- Alluvium Consulting Australia Cremorne Victoria Australia
| | - Andrés F. Suárez‐Castro
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
- Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University Nathan Queensland Australia
| | - Jessica Marsh
- Harry Butler Research Institute Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - John Woinarski
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin Northern Territory Australia
| | - Sarah Legge
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin Northern Territory Australia
- Fenner School of Environment & Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
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16
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Comparison of IUCN and species distribution modeling-estimated ranges of shorebirds in Coastal Mainland China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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17
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Graham ZA, Loughman ZJ. Life history and neonate behaviour of the new river crayfish
Cambarus chasmodactylus
James 1966 (Decapoda: Astacoidea: Cambaridae) from the central portion of the species range. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zackary A. Graham
- Department of Organismal Biology, Ecology, and Zoo Science West Liberty University West Liberty West Virginia USA
| | - Zachary J. Loughman
- Department of Organismal Biology, Ecology, and Zoo Science West Liberty University West Liberty West Virginia USA
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18
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Bonk M, Amirowicz A. The body condition of invasive crayfish Faxonius limosus (Raf., 1817) (Decapoda: Cambaridae) is better in small rivers than in dam reservoirs in Central Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:54956-54966. [PMID: 35312918 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impact of dam reservoirs on river ecosystems is one of the current major issues in hydrobiology. In addition to the impact on native biodiversity, impoundments may facilitate biological invasions. A successful invasion is presumably related to the individual life history and resource allocation strategy in expanding populations. We tested whether reservoirs affect the body condition of invasive Faxonius limosus in upland streams. We found positive allometry of growth in females but more frequent isometric growth in males, and the form factor a3.0 was significantly higher in males than in females within populations. Fulton's condition factor (K) was calculated for standard carapace lengths of 20 mm (juvenile) and 40 mm (adult). Both mean KCL 20 and KCL 40 were higher in males than in females. Positive allometry of growth in females resulted in a larger mean KCL 40 than KCL 20. The majority of the mean K obtained in reservoirs was similar or lower than the respective condition in streams. The condition of adult females was higher in streams in comparison to reservoirs. The obtained results are in contrast to the hypothesis that reservoirs positively affect individual body conditions and show that these man-made lakes do not provide more favourable habitat conditions for F. limosus than those in the natural aquatic environments of an upland landscape. An advantageous effect of the presence of reservoirs on invasion spread may be possible in more ecologically harsh landscapes, especially in colder climatic zones. Our study is the first to investigate the relationship of the body condition of F. limosus in two contrasting habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Bonk
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Antoni Amirowicz
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
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19
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HUBER AUGUSTOFREDERICO, ARAUJO PAULABEATRIZ, RIBEIRO FELIPEBEZERRA. The hole is deeper: description of two new species within the Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869) species complex with an integrative taxonomy approach. Zootaxa 2022; 5168:251-284. [DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, we describe two new species of burrowing crayfish species complex Parastacus brasiliensis from forestry areas in the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. We used an integrative taxonomy approach with morphology and the mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA gene and also evaluated their conservation status according to the IUCN Red List Criteria. Parastacus guapo sp. nov. was collected near the municipality of Pantano Grande and it differs from all other congeneric species in having an epistome anterolateral section with a large conical projection ending in a big sharp spine on both sides. It also differs from P. brasiliensis sensu stricto in the shape of the rostral surface, sub-orbital angle, postorbital carina straight, sub-orbital angle > 90°, postorbital carinae prominent in anterior and middle portions, carpal spine present, the internal surface of chelipeds palm with sparse tubercules, areola narrow and pleon short. Parastacus gomesae sp. nov. was collected in the municipality of São Jerônimo, it differs from all analysed species for rostral spine absent, epistome anteromedian lobe heptagonal and mandible incisive process with seven teeth (the second tooth from the anterior margin is the largest). It is also distinguished of P. brasiliensis sensu stricto in the sub-orbital angle > 90°, postorbital carinae prominent in anterior and middle portions, 3–4 rows of verrucose tubercles irregularly distributed on the palm dorsal surface of chelipeds, areola narrow and pleon short. Phylogenetic relationships confirmed the distinct position of these new species to the already described species. The extent of occurrence (EOO) / area of occurrence (AOO) of P. guapo sp. nov and P. gomesae sp. nov. were estimated at 937 km² / 1,87 km², and 2.107 km² / 23,9 km² respectively. The main threats identified were continued decline in the quality of habitats, resulting from deforestation and forestry areas. However, as we know only one point of occurrence for each new species, we suggest that both be categorized as Data Deficient.
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20
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Mojžišová M, Svobodová J, Kozubíková-Balcarová E, Štruncová E, Stift R, Bílý M, Kouba A, Petrusek A. Long-term changes in the prevalence of the crayfish plague pathogen and its genotyping in invasive crayfish species in Czechia. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.74.79087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The widespread presence of North American alien crayfish in Europe is a major driver of native crayfish population declines, mainly because they are chronic carriers of the oomycete Aphanomyces astaci responsible for crayfish plague. Screening for the crayfish plague pathogen in host populations has become a common practice across Europe, but sampling usually covers spatial but not temporal variation. Our study focuses on the current situation in Czechia, where screening for A. astaci was first conducted in the mid-2000s. We provide data about the distribution and prevalence of this pathogen at almost 50 sites with three host crayfish: the spiny-cheek crayfish Faxonius limosus, signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus, and marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis. Among these sites were 20 localities that were resampled several years (usually more than a decade) after the original screening for A. astaci. We did not detect any A. astaci infection in two studied P. virginalis populations but documented several new hotspots of highly infected P. leniusculus in Czechia, and the first site with the coexistence of the latter with F. limosus. Our data suggest that despite some fluctuations, A. astaci prevalence in North American host populations generally does not tend to change significantly over time; we only observed two cases of a significant increase and one of a significant decrease. We no longer detected A. astaci in several originally weakly infected populations, but our data suggest it likely still persists in these areas and threatens native crayfish populations. At the single known site in the country where P. leniusculus and F. limosus coexist, we documented the presence of the same A. astaci genotype group in both crayfish species, likely due to interspecific transmission of the pathogen from the former host to the latter. However, genotyping of A. astaci in infected host individuals still supported the link between specific pathogen genotypes and crayfish hosts, suggesting that assessment of sources of mass mortalities from the pathogen genotyping is feasible in European regions where the mutual contact of different American crayfish species is uncommon.
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21
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Marn N, Hudina S, Haberle I, Dobrović A, Klanjšček T. Physiological performance of native and invasive crayfish species in a changing environment: insights from Dynamic Energy Budget models. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 10:coac031. [PMID: 35669378 PMCID: PMC9156854 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Crayfish are keystone species important for maintaining healthy freshwater ecosystems. Crayfish species native to Europe, such as Astacus astacus and Austropotamobius torrentium, are facing decline and are increasingly endangered by changing climate and invasions of non-native crayfish, such as Pacifastacus leniusculus and Procambarus virginalis. The success of these invasions largely depends on differences in ontogeny between the native species and the invaders and how changes in the environment will affect the ontogeny. Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) models can be used to investigate such differences because the models capture dependence of metabolism, and therefore ontogeny, on environmental conditions. We develop DEB models for all four species and investigate key elements of ontogeny and metabolism affecting interspecific competition. We then use the DEB models to predict individual growth and reproduction in current and new conditions that are expected to arise from climate change. Although observations suggest that P. leniusculus poses the major threat to native species, our analysis identifies P. virginalis, in spite of its smaller size, as the superior competitor by a large margin-at least when considering metabolism and ontogeny. Our simulations show that climate change is set to increase the competitive edge of P. virginalis even further. Given the prospects of P. virginalis dominance, especially when considering that it is able to withstand and spread at least some crayfish plague strains that severely affect native species, additional research into P. virginalis is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Marn
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Sandra Hudina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Haberle
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Dobrović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tin Klanjšček
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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22
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Davis KE, De Grave S, Delmer C, Payne ARD, Mitchell S, Wills MA. Ecological Transitions and the Shape of the Decapod Tree of Life. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:332-344. [PMID: 35612997 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the processes that shaped the distribution of species richness across the Tree of Life is a central macroevolutionary research agenda. Major ecological innovations, including transitions between habitats, may help to explain the striking asymmetries of diversity that are often observed between sister clades. Here, we test the impact of such transitions on speciation rates across decapod crustaceans, modelling diversification dynamics within a phylogenetic framework. Our results show that, while terrestrial lineages have higher speciation rates than either marine or freshwater lineages, there is no difference between mean speciation rates in marine and freshwater lineages across Decapoda. Partitioning our data by infraorder reveals that those clades with habitat heterogeneity have higher speciation rates in freshwater and terrestrial lineages, with freshwater rates up to 1.5 times faster than marine rates, and terrestrial rates approximately four times faster. This averaging out of marine and freshwater speciation rates results from the varying contributions of different clades to average speciation rates. However, with the exception of Caridea, we find no evidence for any causal relationship between habitat and speciation rate. Our results demonstrate that while statistical generalisations about ecological traits and evolutionary rates are valuable, there are many exceptions. Hence, while freshwater and terrestrial lineages typically speciate faster than their marine relatives, there are many atypically slow freshwater lineages and fast marine lineages across Decapoda. Future work on diversification patterns will benefit from the inclusion of fossil data, as well as additional ecological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Davis
- University of York, Department of Biology York, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Sammy De Grave
- Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Cyrille Delmer
- University of Bath, Department of Biology & Biochemistry, Bath, Bath and North East Somerset, UK
| | - Alexander R D Payne
- University of York, Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, York, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Steve Mitchell
- University of Bath, Department of Biology & Biochemistry, Bath, Bath and North East Somerset, UK
| | - Matthew A Wills
- University of Bath, Department of Biology & Biochemistry, Bath, Bath and North East Somerset, UK
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23
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Allison PF, Lieb DA, Loughman ZJ. Distribution, natural history, and conservation of Cambarus dubius in Pennsylvania. J NAT HIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2069056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F. Allison
- Department of Biological Sciences, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV, USA
| | - David A. Lieb
- Department of Biological Sciences, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV, USA
- Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, Pennsylvania Fish & Boat Commission, and PA Natural Heritage Program, Bellefonte, PA, USA
| | - Zachary J. Loughman
- Department of Biological Sciences, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV, USA
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Cabe PR, Frost MDT, Navalsky BE, Loughman ZJ. Investigations on origin and status of a Faxonius crayfish population in the upper James River Basin, Virginia. CONSERV GENET 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-022-01442-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Changes in the Immunity, Histopathology, and Metabolism of Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in Response to Drought. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070890. [PMID: 35405879 PMCID: PMC8996970 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are among the most threatened ecosystems on Earth. The freshwater biodiversity crisis has caused widespread global concern. Drought as one of the factors causing freshwater biodiversity is still poorly understood. Crayfish is often used in academic research as a biological indicator. In this study, flow cytometry, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and untargeted metabolomics were used to analyze the immune function, histopathology, and metabolism of crayfish under drought conditions. After drought exposure, the total hemocytes count (THC) was significantly decreased (from 8.9 × 105 mL−1 in the control group to 2.2 × 105 mL−1 at day 5). Phagocytosis decreased by 66% after 5 days of drought. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the hepatopancreas was upregulated. Moreover, histological disorder and metabolism changes in the hepatopancreas were obvious. These results indicate that drought suppresses immune function, disrupts the balance of oxidative and antioxidative systems, and induces tissue damage and metabolic changes in crayfish.
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O'Hea Miller SB, Davis AR, Wong MYL. Does habitat complexity and prior residency influence aggression between invasive and native freshwater crayfish? Ethology 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B. O'Hea Miller
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions and School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - Andrew R. Davis
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions and School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - Marian Y. L. Wong
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions and School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia
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Lovrenčić L, Temunović M, Gross R, Grgurev M, Maguire I. Integrating population genetics and species distribution modelling to guide conservation of the noble crayfish, Astacus astacus, in Croatia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2040. [PMID: 35132091 PMCID: PMC8821615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The noble crayfish, Astacus astacus, is an indigenous European freshwater species. Its populations show significant declines caused by anthropogenic pressure on its habitats, climate change and the spread of invasive species. Diminishing populations’ trends and loss of genetic diversity highlight the need for effective conservation that will ensure their long-term survival. We combined population genetics and species distribution modelling (SDM) to reveal the impact of climate change and invasive species on the noble crayfish, and to guide future conservation programs of current populations. Our study showed that Croatian populations of A. astacus harbour an important part of species genetic diversity and represent significant genetic reservoir at the European level. The SDM results predicted substantial reductions of suitable habitats for A. astacus by the 2070; only 13% of its current potential distribution is projected to remain stable under pessimistic Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP 8.5) emission scenario. Moreover, most of the populations with high genetic diversity are located in the areas predicted to become unsuitable, and consequently have a high probability of being lost in the future. Further, SDM results also indicated considerable decrease of future habitat suitability for invasive crayfish species in Croatia, suggesting that climate change poses a major threat to already endangered A. astacus. The obtained results help in the identification of populations and areas with the highest conservation value which should be given the highest priority for protection. In order to preserve present diversity in areas that are predicted as suitable, we propose assisted migration and repopulation approaches, for enhancing populations’ size and saving maximum genetic variability. The result of our research emphasizes once again the benefits of multidisciplinary approach in the modern biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Lovrenčić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Temunović
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Riho Gross
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marin Grgurev
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Maguire
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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King AC, Krieg R, Weston A, Zenker AK. Using eDNA to simultaneously detect the distribution of native and invasive crayfish within an entire country. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:113929. [PMID: 34688048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of invasive crayfish has led to a decline of many European native species of crayfish across their range. In this study, novel duplex assays for all crayfish occurring in Switzerland were developed. We aimed to identify the distribution of the seven species using a traditional trap surveillance method as well by collecting water samples to detect eDNA by species-specific quantitative real-time PCR. We reveal our overall experience in finding optimal field and laboratory techniques to discover the distribution and abundance of native and invasive species in order to enhance knowledge of early invasive species invasion and highlight important pockets of populations where native species remain, for implementation of conservation strategies. Using eDNA, important populations of native noble and white-clawed crayfish were revealed in multiple waters across various cantons. The successful identification of native and invasive crayfish species in Switzerland using eDNA can be applied to future nationwide projects. This method which has the ability to detect all species simultaneously across an entire country, will allow an improvement in freshwater crayfish conservation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C King
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts North-western Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Krieg
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts North-western Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Anna Weston
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts North-western Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Armin K Zenker
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts North-western Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland.
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29
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Punginelli D, Schillaci D, Mauro M, Deidun A, Barone G, Arizza V, Vazzana M. The potential of antimicrobial peptides isolated from freshwater crayfish species in new drug development: A review. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:104258. [PMID: 34530039 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The much-publicised increased resistance of pathogenic bacteria to conventional antibiotics has focused research effort on the characterization of new antimicrobial drugs. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) extracted from animals are considered a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics. In recent years, freshwater crayfish species have emerged as an important source of bioactive compounds. In fact, these invertebrates rely on an innate immune system based on cellular responses and on the production of important effectors in the haemolymph, such as AMPs, which are produced and stored in granules in haemocytes and released after stimulation. These effectors are active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this review, we summarise the recent progress on AMPs isolated from the several species of freshwater crayfish and their prospects for future pharmaceutical applications to combat infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Punginelli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Schillaci
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alan Deidun
- Department of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Msida MSD, 2080, Malta
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
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30
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Hernández-Pérez A, Zamora-Briseño JA, Söderhäll K, Söderhäll I. Gut microbiome alterations in the crustacean Pacifastacus leniusculus exposed to environmental concentrations of antibiotics and effects on susceptibility to bacteria challenges. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:104181. [PMID: 34175331 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gut-associated microbiota in crustaceans are recognized as a key element for maintaining homeostasis and health in the animal. Since the richness of these microbial communities is strongly influenced by the local environment, especially in aquatic organisms, it is important to address to what extent environmental variations can affect these communities. In the present study, we used high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing technology to study the composition of gut-associated microbiota of the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus after exposure to environmentally-relevant concentrations of an antibiotic, namely sulfamethoxazole. Also, we examined if alterations of microbiota caused by environmentally-relevant concentrations of this antibiotic affected the host susceptibility to bacterial diseases, including Vibrio species. As a result, we found high individual variability of bacterial abundance and composition in the intestinal microbiome of crayfish, in both antibiotic-exposed and antibiotic-free crayfish. However, an increase of chitinolytic bacteria including Vibrio spp. was detected in some animals exposed to the antibiotic. Moreover, when crayfish susceptibility to bacterial infections was tested, the antibiotic-exposed crayfish survived longer than the control crayfish group. This study represents the first approach for investigating the interplay between crayfish and intestinal bacteria during antibiotic-pollution scenarios. Results herein should be considered by scientists before planning experiments under laboratory conditions, especially to study environmental effects on aquatic animals' intestinal health and immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Hernández-Pérez
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño
- Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Kenneth Söderhäll
- SciLife Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irene Söderhäll
- SciLife Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
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31
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Neubauer TA, Georgopoulou E. Extinction risk is linked to lifestyle in freshwater gastropods. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Neubauer
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Elisavet Georgopoulou
- Natural History Museum of Crete University of Crete Heraklion Greece
- Olive and Agroecological Production Systems Lab (EOPS) Department of Agriculture Hellenic Mediterranean University Heraklion Greece
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32
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Fallon CE, Walker AC, Lewis S, Cicero J, Faust L, Heckscher CM, Pérez-Hernández CX, Pfeiffer B, Jepsen S. Evaluating firefly extinction risk: Initial red list assessments for North America. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259379. [PMID: 34788329 PMCID: PMC8598072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fireflies are a family of charismatic beetles known for their bioluminescent signals. Recent anecdotal reports suggest that firefly populations in North America may be in decline. However, prior to this work, no studies have undertaken a systematic compilation of geographic distribution, habitat specificity, and threats facing North American fireflies. To better understand their extinction risks, we conducted baseline assessments according to the categories and criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List for 132 species from the United States and Canada (approximately 79% of described species in the region). We found at least 18 species (14%) are threatened with extinction (e.g. categorized as Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Vulnerable) due to various pressures, including habitat loss, light pollution, and climate change (sea level rise and drought). In addition, more than half of the species (53%) could not be evaluated against the assessment criteria due to insufficient data, highlighting the need for further study. Future research and conservation efforts should prioritize monitoring and protecting populations of at-risk species, preserving and restoring habitat, gathering data on population trends, and filling critical information gaps for data deficient species suspected to be at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace E. Fallon
- The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- IUCN SSC Firefly Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Anna C. Walker
- IUCN SSC Firefly Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland
- New Mexico BioPark Society, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Sara Lewis
- IUCN SSC Firefly Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph Cicero
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lynn Faust
- IUCN SSC Firefly Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland
- Emory River Land Co., Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Heckscher
- IUCN SSC Firefly Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Cisteil X. Pérez-Hernández
- IUCN SSC Firefly Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Michoacán, México
| | - Ben Pfeiffer
- IUCN SSC Firefly Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland
- Firefly Conservation and Research, New Braunfels, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sarina Jepsen
- The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- IUCN SSC Firefly Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland
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33
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Bačnik K, Kutnjak D, Černi S, Bielen A, Hudina S. Virome Analysis of Signal Crayfish ( Pacifastacus leniusculus) along Its Invasion Range Reveals Diverse and Divergent RNA Viruses. Viruses 2021; 13:2259. [PMID: 34835065 PMCID: PMC8624288 DOI: 10.3390/v13112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Crayfish are a keystone species of freshwater ecosystems and a successful invasive species. However, their pathogens, including viruses, remain understudied. The aim of this study was to analyze the virome of the invasive signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) and to elucidate the potential differences in viral composition and abundance along its invasion range in the Korana River, Croatia. By the high-throughput sequencing of ribosomal RNA, depleted total RNA isolated from the crayfish hepatopancreas, and subsequent sequence data analysis, we identified novel and divergent RNA viruses, including signal crayfish-associated reo-like, hepe-like, toti-like, and picorna-like viruses, phylogenetically related to viruses previously associated with crustacean hosts. The patterns of reads abundance and calculated nucleotide diversities of the detected viral sequences varied along the invasion range. This could indicate the possible influence of different factors and processes on signal crayfish virome composition: e.g., the differences in signal crayfish population density, the non-random dispersal of host individuals from the core to the invasion fronts, and the transfer of viruses from the native co-occurring and phylogenetically related crayfish species. The study reveals a high, previously undiscovered diversity of divergent RNA viruses associated with signal crayfish, and sets foundations for understanding the potential risk of virus transmissions as a result of this invader's dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Bačnik
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Denis Kutnjak
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Silvija Černi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ana Bielen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sandra Hudina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Legge S, Woinarski JCZ, Scheele BC, Garnett ST, Lintermans M, Nimmo DG, Whiterod NS, Southwell DM, Ehmke G, Buchan A, Gray J, Metcalfe DJ, Page M, Rumpff L, Leeuwen S, Williams D, Ahyong ST, Chapple DG, Cowan M, Hossain MA, Kennard M, Macdonald S, Moore H, Marsh J, McCormack RB, Michael D, Mitchell N, Newell D, Raadik TA, Tingley R. Rapid assessment of the biodiversity impacts of the 2019–2020 Australian megafires to guide urgent management intervention and recovery and lessons for other regions. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Legge
- Fenner School of Environment & Society The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation Science University of Queensland St Lucia Qld Australia
| | - John C. Z. Woinarski
- Research Institute of the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin NT Australia
| | - Ben C. Scheele
- Fenner School of Environment & Society The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Stephen T. Garnett
- Research Institute of the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin NT Australia
| | - Mark Lintermans
- Centre for Applied Water Science University of Canberra Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Dale G. Nimmo
- Institute for Land, Water and Society School of Environmental Science Charles Sturt University Albury NSW Australia
| | | | - Darren M. Southwell
- Quantitative and Applied Ecology Group School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | | | - Anne Buchan
- Biodiversity Strategy and Knowledge Branch, Biodiversity Division Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning Heidelberg Vic. Australia
| | | | | | - Manda Page
- Queensland Department of Environment and Science Moggill Qld Australia
| | - Libby Rumpff
- Quantitative and Applied Ecology Group School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Stephen Leeuwen
- School of Molecular & Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA Australia
| | - Dick Williams
- Research Institute of the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin NT Australia
| | - Shane T. Ahyong
- Australian Museum Research Institute Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Kensington NSW Australia
| | - David G. Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton, Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Mitch Cowan
- Institute for Land, Water and Society School of Environmental Science Charles Sturt University Albury NSW Australia
| | - Md Anwar Hossain
- Climatic and Metabolic Ecology Lab Quantitative and Applied Ecology Group School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Mark Kennard
- Australian Rivers Institute Griffiths University Nathan Qld Australia
| | | | - Harry Moore
- Institute for Land, Water and Society School of Environmental Science Charles Sturt University Albury NSW Australia
| | - Jessica Marsh
- Research Institute of the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin NT Australia
| | - Robert B. McCormack
- Australian Crayfish Project Australian Aquatic Biological Pty Ltd Swan Bay NSW Australia
- Section of Invertebrate Zoology Carnegie Museum of Natural History Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Damian Michael
- Institute for Land, Water and Society School of Environmental Science Charles Sturt University Albury NSW Australia
| | - Nicola Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - David Newell
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering Southern Cross University East Lismore NSW Australia
| | - Tarmo A. Raadik
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning Arthur Rylah Institute Heidelberg Vic. Australia
| | - Reid Tingley
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton, Melbourne Vic. Australia
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Franta P, Gebauer R, Veselý L, Buřič M, Szydłowska NZ, Drozd B. The Invasive Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus as a Potential Threat to Native Crayfish Populations. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082377. [PMID: 34438835 PMCID: PMC8388692 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neogobius melanostomus is a highly invasive fish that has colonized most major European rivers and is dispersing into their tributaries. Its foraging behaviour does not show particular prey preferences, which makes predicting its interactions with endangered members of the macrozoobenthic community in tributaries a challenge. We observed the interaction of N. melanostomus and crayfish juvenile or A. aquaticus in single- and multiple-prey systems to better predict its ecological impact. The results suggest an impact of N. melanostomus on crayfish similar to that on A. aquaticus, potentially making it a threat to crayfish population stability. Destabilization of a keystone species such as crayfish in river tributaries may lead to a trophic cascade in the ecosystem with irreversible consequences. Abstract Despite the spread of round goby Neogobius melanostomus into freshwater streams, there is a lack of information with respect to its effect on macroinvertebrate communities, especially crustaceans. We studied foraging efficiency of N. melanostomus on Procambarus virginalis and Asellus aquaticus, using a functional response (FR) approach. Stocking density of the prey species was manipulated to determine its effect on consumer utilization, with prey offered separately or combined at 1:1, 3:1, and 1:3 at each tested density. For both prey species, N. melanostomus exhibited type II FR, occasionally with a high proportion of non-consumptive mortality. Procambarus virginalis suffered a significantly higher attack rate compared to A. aquaticus. Neogobius melanostomus killed significantly more of the most prevalent prey, regardless of species. In trials with prey species of equal proportions, a difference in the number of each species killed was observed only at the highest density, at which P. virginalis was preferred. Neogobius melanostomus may be an important driver of population dynamics of prey species in the wild. The non-selective prey consumption makes N. melanostomus a potential threat to macrozoobenthic communities of river tributaries.
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Tricarico E, Ciampelli P, De Cicco L, Marsella SA, Petralia L, Rossi B, Zoccola A, Mazza G. How Raccoons Could Lead to the Disappearance of Native Crayfish in Central Italy. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.681026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes complex populations are decreasing in the Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona and Campigna National Park (Central Italy), due to several factors, including illegal poaching, predatory fishes, drought, and invasive alien species. Recently, the Northern raccoon Procyon lotor has been reported to be present in the area of the National Park and has started to predate on the white-clawed crayfish. The aim of the study was to update the distribution and population status of A. pallipes in the reserves, other sites of the National Park, and surrounding areas to assess the potential effects of the raccoon. Crayfish were sampled by hand or by traps in 14 sites; sampled individuals were sexed and measured. Signs of raccoon presence (e.g., footprints and predated crayfish) were also recorded. Our study confirms the impact of raccoon on native crayfish: indeed, where the invasive mammal is present (six sites), crayfish disappeared, or their populations have been dramatically reduced in number, with a size distribution skewed towards juveniles. In two sites, close to urban settlements, fresh footprints of P. lotor and predated specimens of A. pallipes were also observed. Populations of crayfish are still abundant or even increasing as compared with samplings conducted in the past where raccoon is absent (five sites). Urgent actions (e.g., control of raccoons, and monitoring and restocking of A. pallipes populations if feasible and where possible) should be taken into account to guarantee the survival of this protected species.
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Jussila J, Edsman L, Maguire I, Diéguez-Uribeondo J, Theissinger K. Money Kills Native Ecosystems: European Crayfish as an Example. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.648495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Native European crayfish conservation was triggered by invasion of crayfish plague disease agent, Aphanomyces astaci, starting 1860s in Northern Italy. Resulting crayfish plague epidemics quickly spread over Continental Europe, then to Finland, Sweden and finally, after running amok around Europe, A. astaci was discovered also in Iberian Peninsula, Norway, Ireland, and United Kingdom in 1970s and 1980s. By that time significant proportion of native crayfish stocks had been lost, and while crayfish plague epidemics were still recorded, also industrialization and waterways construction were causing damage to remaining native crayfish stocks. While alien crayfish introductions, at least Faxonius limosus, already gave rise to first wave of crayfish plague epidemics in late 19th century, later in 1960s it was decided that introductions of alien Pacifastacus leniusculus should be initiated to replace native European crayfish populations. Decisions were based on presumed advantages for fishery, suitable habitat requirements and supposed immunity against A. astaci. Furthermore, conservation of native European crayfish species was sidelined and focus shifted toward alien crayfish stocking routine and consumption. Alien crayfish species introductions resulted in repeated waves of crayfish plague epidemics among remaining native crayfish stocks. It was soon discovered that alien crayfish of North American origin were, as suspected, permanent reservoirs for A. astaci, that some of those alien species were losing their resistance against selected strains of A. astaci and struggled in European aquatic ecosystems. In this article, we introduce numerous motives behind grand mistake of introducing alien crayfish species to Europe and then promoting their stocks instead of focusing on conservation of native crayfish species. We outline how false economical, biological and ecologic assumptions were used to justify a hasty introduction of alien crayfish, which has further devastated native crayfish and also permanently changed European aquatic ecosystems, both with disastrous consequences. Lesson to be learnt is that science-based warnings about alien species damage to native ecosystems and native crayfish must be taken with utmost caution. Protection of native European crayfish should be core issue, not commercial activities. Finally, we summarize main threats and actions needed to protect remaining native freshwater crayfish fauna in Europe.
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Pedraza-Lara C, Gutiérrez-Yurrita PJ, Jesus-Bonilla VSD. A new species of Procambarus (Decapoda, Cambaridae) from the State of Querétaro, Mexico. Zookeys 2021; 1048:1-21. [PMID: 34295214 PMCID: PMC8277657 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1048.57493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With a Nearctic distribution, the family Cambaridae harbors a high species richness in Mexico, which is also evident along the Pánuco River catchment. A series of surveys carried on in five populations from the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve in the State of Querétaro resulted in localizing a putative new species for science. A molecular phylogenetic study and species delimitation analyses including all the known Procambarus species from the Pánuco River catchment were conducted based on three mitochondrial genes (16S rDNA, 12S rDNA, and COI; 2,462 bp in total). Phylogeny recovered all species as monophyletic, including the populations under study. All delimitation results based on barcoding, ABGD, GMYC, bPTP, and gonopod differentiation agree in the recognition of a new taxon, to which the name Procambarusxihuisp. nov. is given, and its diagnosis and description are provided. The new species can be distinguished from the remaining species in the genus, among other characters, by a unique configuration of the terminal elements of the first pleopod of form I male, which includes a central projection lamellate, hood-like, forming a concave blade-like structure mesially directed, as well as a caudal process crest-like, mesiodistally directed, forming a lateral side of the concavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pedraza-Lara
- Ciencia Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México City, México Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México City Mexico
| | - Pedro Joaquín Gutiérrez-Yurrita
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional - Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, México City, México Instituto Politécnico Nacional - Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo México City Mexico
| | - Vladimir Salvador De Jesus-Bonilla
- Ciencia Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México City, México Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México City Mexico
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Mozsár A, Árva D, Józsa V, Györe K, Kajári B, Czeglédi I, Erős T, Weiperth A, Specziár A. Only one can remain? Environmental and spatial factors influencing habitat partitioning among invasive and native crayfishes in the Pannonian Ecoregion (Hungary). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:145240. [PMID: 33513498 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions have increasingly threatened indigenous species, influence metacommunity organisation and consequently, global biodiversity. World-wide expansion of non-indigenous crayfish (NICS) is associated with dramatic changes in species poor indigenous crayfish (ICS) assemblages challenging conservation planning. We analysed long-term changes of crayfish occurrences from the pre-invasion state, through the first appearance of NICS, to their intensive spread in Hungarian waters. Further, we analysed present-day crayfish metacommunity patterns for co-occurrences and influence of spatial and environmental factors. Historic data revealed a marked pre-invasion decline in indigenous noble crayfish Astacus astacus and stone crayfish Austropotamobius torrentium populations, but not in the narrow-clawed crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus. Historic data provided no direct evidence for the impact of NICS on ICS, rather it supported that NICS often entered areas where ICS had been extinct or were not present at all. Crayfish species extremely rarely co-occurred which could indicate their strong competition and be related to utilization of empty sites by NICS. Crayfish metacommunities were predominantly spatially structured indicating the primary influence of ongoing invasion. Crayfish species also exhibited different environmental preferences mainly along the altitude and temperature gradients. We conclude that the invasion is still in the expanding phase and without an effective conservational program the future of ICS is doubtful in Hungary. Conservation policy should focus on the preservation and reintroduction of the stone and noble crayfishes in highland refugees. Expansion of NICS should be prevented in refugee areas by utilizing possibilities provided by natural and artificial barriers, and education and strict ban should be simultaneously applied to prevent further illegal releases by aquarists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Mozsár
- Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Anna-liget str. 35., H-5540 Szarvas, Hungary.
| | - Diána Árva
- Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Anna-liget str. 35., H-5540 Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Vilmos Józsa
- Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Anna-liget str. 35., H-5540 Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Károly Györe
- Györe and Co, Vágóhíd str. 91., H-5540 Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kajári
- Research Institute of Irrigation and Water Management, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Anna-liget str. 35., H-5540 Szarvas, Hungary
| | - István Czeglédi
- Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Klebelsberg K. str. 3., H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Tibor Erős
- Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Klebelsberg K. str. 3., H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - András Weiperth
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Natural Resources Conservation, Szent István University, Páter Károly str. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; F6 Association for Sustainability, Budapest, Lónyay str. 15., H-1093 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Specziár
- Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Klebelsberg K. str. 3., H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
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Martín-Torrijos L, Martínez-Ríos M, Casabella-Herrero G, Adams SB, Jackson CR, Diéguez-Uribeondo J. Tracing the origin of the crayfish plague pathogen, Aphanomyces astaci, to the Southeastern United States. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9332. [PMID: 33927290 PMCID: PMC8085144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The oomycete Aphanomyces astaci is an emerging infectious pathogen affecting freshwater crayfish worldwide and is responsible for one of the most severe wildlife pandemics ever reported. The pathogen has caused mass mortalities of freshwater crayfish species in Europe and Asia, and threatens other susceptible species in Madagascar, Oceania and South America. The pathogen naturally coexists with some North American crayfish species that are its chronic carriers. Presumptions that A. astaci originated in North America are based on disease outbreaks that followed translocations of North American crayfish and on the identification of the pathogen mainly in Europe. We studied A. astaci in the southeastern US, a center of freshwater crayfish diversity. In order to decipher the origin of the pathogen, we investigated (1) the distribution and haplotype diversity of A. astaci, and (2) whether there are crayfish species-specificities and/or geographical restrictions for A. astaci haplotypes. A total of 132 individuals, corresponding to 19 crayfish species and one shrimp species from 23 locations, tested positive for A. astaci. Mitochondrial rnnS and rnnL sequences indicated that A. astaci from the southeastern US exhibited the highest genetic diversity so far described for the pathogen (eight haplotypes, six of which we newly describe). Our findings that A. astaci is widely distributed and genetically diverse in the region supports the hypothesis that the pathogen originated in the southeastern US. In contrast to previous assumptions, however, the pathogen exhibited no clear species-specificity or geographical patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martín-Torrijos
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Martínez-Ríos
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Susan B Adams
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, 1000 Front Street, Oxford, MS, 38655, USA
| | - Colin R Jackson
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
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Lette ED, Burnham QF, Lawler N, Horwitz P, Boyce MC, Broadhurst DI, Duffy R, Koenders A. Detecting Sex-Related Changes to the Metabolome of a Critically Endangered Freshwater Crayfish During the Mating Season. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:650839. [PMID: 33937331 PMCID: PMC8085417 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.650839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Captive breeding is a vital tool in the conservation of highly endangered species, as it is for the Margaret River hairy marron, Cherax tenuimanus, from the south west of Australia. A close relative, Cherax cainii, has almost completely displaced C. tenuimanus in the wild and is a successful aquaculture species, whereas C. tenuimanus has performed poorly in captivity. We used untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to obtain metabolomic profiles of female and male C. tenuimanus held in controlled aquarium conditions during their reproductive period. Using repeated haemolymph sampling we tracked the metabolomic profiles of animals just prior to and for a period of up to 34 days after pairing with a similar sized potential mate. We identified 54 reproducible annotated metabolites including amino acids, fatty acids, biogenic amines, purine and pyrimidine metabolites and excretion metabolites. Hierarchical clustering analysis distinguished five metabolite clusters. Principal component-canonical variate analysis clearly distinguished females from males, both unpaired and paired; similar trends in profile changes in both sexes after pairing; and a striking shift in males upon pairing. We discuss three main patterns of metabolomic responses: differentiation between sexes; reactive responses to the disturbance of pairing; and convergent response to the disturbance of pairing for males. Females generally had higher concentrations of metabolites involved in metabolic rate, mobilisation of energy stores and stress. Responses to the disturbance of pairing were also related to elevated stress. Females were mobilising lipid stores to deposit yolk, whereas males had a rapid and strong response to pairing, with shifts in metabolites associated with gonad development and communication, indicating males could complete reproductive readiness only once paired with a female. The metabolomic profiles support a previously proposed potential mechanism for displacement of C. tenuimanus by C. cainii in the wild and identify several biomarkers for testing hypotheses regarding reproductive success using targeted metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D. Lette
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Quinton F. Burnham
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nathan Lawler
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Pierre Horwitz
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mary C. Boyce
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David I. Broadhurst
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rodney Duffy
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Annette Koenders
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Clause AG, Celestian AJ, Pauly GB. Plastic ingestion by freshwater turtles: a review and call to action. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5672. [PMID: 33758245 PMCID: PMC7987988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic pollution, and especially plastic ingestion by animals, is a serious global issue. This problem is well documented in marine systems, but it is relatively understudied in freshwater systems. For turtles, it is unknown how plastic ingestion compares between marine and non-marine species. We review the relevant turtle dietary literature, and find that plastic ingestion is reported for all 7 marine turtle species, but only 5 of 352 non-marine turtle species. In the last 10 years, despite marine turtles representing just 2% of all turtle species, almost 50% of relevant turtle dietary studies involved only marine turtles. These results suggest that the potential threat of plastic ingestion is poorly studied in non-marine turtles. We also examine plastic ingestion frequency in a freshwater turtle population, finding that 7.7% of 65 turtles had ingested plastic. However, plastic-resembling organic material would have inflated our frequency results up to 40% higher were it not for verification using Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, we showcase how non-native turtles can be used as a proxy for understanding the potential for plastic ingestion by co-occurring native turtles of conservation concern. We conclude with recommendations for how scientists studying non-marine turtles can improve the implementation, quality, and discoverability of plastic ingestion research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Clause
- Urban Nature Research Center and Department of Herpetology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron J Celestian
- Department of Mineral Sciences, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gregory B Pauly
- Urban Nature Research Center and Department of Herpetology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Manenti R, Barzaghi B, Nessi A, Cioccarelli S, Villa M, Ficetola GF. Not Only Environmental Conditions but Also Human Awareness Matters: A Successful Post-Crayfish Plague Reintroduction of the White-Clawed Crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) in Northern Italy. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.621613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Europe, invasive freshwater crayfish are not only changing freshwater ecosystems, but they are also leading to local extinctions of native freshwater crayfish. This is particularly evident for the populations of red swamp crayfish and spiny-cheek crayfish in northern Italy, which are threatening the last and isolated populations of the white-clawed crayfish. Here, we describe the steps that accompanied a successful reintroduction of the white-clawed crayfish in an Italian stream (Park Monte Barro) that, although isolated from other freshwater sites, suffered from an illegal introduction of the spiny-cheek crayfish in 2013. After the removal of presumably all the introduced spiny-cheek crayfish individuals, we started periodical surveys (twice a year) of the stream to confirm the absence of further introductions and to monitor environmental conditions. Prior to the reintroduction of the white-clawed crayfish that started in autumn 2018, we developed an intense dissemination activity to raise awareness of white-clawed crayfish features and importance among landowners surrounding the stream, including those suspected of the introduction of the spiny-cheek crayfish: we organized public meetings and we performed seven direct visits, house to house, to the local people providing information on good practices for white-clawed crayfish conservation. From 2018 to 2020, every autumn, we reintroduced a batch of 3-month-old white-clawed crayfish juveniles, and we developed a program for the monitoring of crayfish growth and density, water quality, and direct landowners’ disturbance of the site. We detected a significant increase of the white-clawed crayfish total length (TL) from the first reintroduction (October 2018) to June 2020. In 2020, crayfish were consistently larger than in the 2019 surveys; some of them were able to breed less than 2 years after the first reintroduction. In 2020, the estimated density of large crayfish reached 0.57 individuals/m2, which is lower than the density observed prior to extinction. We did not detect any case of human disturbance of the site. Our results underline that the reintroduction actions could be more effective when the stakeholders having the greatest potential impact on the species are identified, informed, and involved as primary caretakers of the activities.
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Dragičević P, Bielen A, Petrić I, Hudina S. Microbial pathogens of freshwater crayfish: A critical review and systematization of the existing data with directions for future research. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:221-247. [PMID: 33345337 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite important ecological role and growing commercial value of freshwater crayfish, their diseases are underresearched and many studies examining potential crayfish pathogens do not thoroughly address their epizootiology, pathology or biology. This study reviews over 100 publications on potentially pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi and fungal-like microorganisms reported in crayfish and systematizes them based on whether pathogenicity has been observed in an analysed species. Conclusions on pathogenicity were based on successful execution of infectivity trials. For 40.6% of examined studies, microbes were successfully systematized, while for more than a half (59.4%) no conclusion on pathogenicity could be made. Fungi and fungal-like microorganisms were the most studied group of microbes with the highest number of analysed hosts, followed by bacteria and viruses. Our analysis demonstrated the need for: (a) inclusion of higher number of potential host species in the case of viruses, (b) research of bacterial effects in tissues other than haemolymph, and (c) more research into potential fungal and fungal-like pathogens other than Aphanomyces astaci. We highlight the encountered methodological challenges and biases and call for a broad but standardized framework for execution of infectivity trials that would enable systematic data acquisition on interactions between microbes and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Dragičević
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Bielen
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Sandra Hudina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Carneiro CM, Noble JD, Pietras A, Moler P, Austin JD. Iso-seq analysis and functional annotation of the Santa Fe cave crayfish (Procambarus erythrops) transcriptome. Mar Genomics 2021; 58:100842. [PMID: 34217485 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2021.100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The genus Procambarus represents a diverse genus of freshwater crayfish that includes epigean species, stygobitic species, and at least one parthenogenic species. Despite its evolutionary, ecological, and economic importance, most genomic and transcriptomic resources for this genus are limited to a couple of model species. We sequenced the transcriptome of a non-model species, P. erythrops, a geographically restricted stygobitic species from Florida. RNA isolated from gill, muscle and eye tissue was pooled to create a de novo transcriptome assembly using Single Molecule Real-Time sequencing (PacBio), resulting in 19,442 full-length isoforms. The assembly has been deposited in the NCBI (BioProject PRJNA657230). These data will make an important contribution to the comparative study of transcriptome evolution in crayfish and crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine M Carneiro
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - Jerald D Noble
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - Adele Pietras
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - Paul Moler
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Insituute, 1105 SW Williston Road, Gainesville FL32601, United States of America
| | - James D Austin
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America.
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Recycling biofloc waste as novel protein source for crayfish with special reference to crayfish nutritional standards and growth trajectory. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19607. [PMID: 33177672 PMCID: PMC7658255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening of novel feedstuffs, that too for data-deficient (nutritionally) animals, is somewhat ambiguous or problematic. Through systematic meta-analyses, the present study formulated most up-to-date crayfish nutritional standards, against which a recyclable waste (biofloc biomass, BM) from intensive aquaculture systems was assessed as a novel protein source. Growth trajectory dependencies and thermal growth coefficient qualifying for good growth in crayfish (TGC 0.5–0.64 units) were benchmarked. Using these standards and a 7-week growth trial, BM's suitability as a novel protein source for red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii was evaluated through its graded inclusions in a commercial feed. Results suggest that BM can elevate growth at 33–66% inclusion in existing feed formulations. Beyond 66% inclusion, BM can deteriorate growth in crayfish due to high ash content (exceeding physiological limit > 14%), arginine deficiency (~ 14–20% lower than an optimum requirement), and insufficient non-protein energy: protein ratio (3.7 cal mg−1). Arginine is perhaps the most critical amino acid in dietary protein for crayfish, and deficient in BM. Although no critical bioaccumulation levels of heavy metals were breached by feeding 100% BM to crayfish, a mineral and heavy metal (Hg) stress seemed plausible. Crayfish raised solely on biofloc may not realize full growth potential.
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Hernández-Pérez A, Noonin C, Söderhäll K, Söderhäll I. Environmental concentrations of sulfamethoxazole increase crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus susceptibility to White Spot Syndrome Virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:177-184. [PMID: 32311459 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics used for humans and livestock are emerging as pollutants in aquatic environments. However, little is known about their effect on aquatic organisms, especially in crustaceans. In the present study, the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus was exposed during 21 days to environmental concentrations of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (100 ng/L and 1 μg/L). Subsequently, the crayfish susceptibility to infection was evaluated by using White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) challenge, a well-known crustacean pathogen. The median survival time of the infected crayfish exposed to 100 ng/L SMX was one day, whereas the control and the group exposed to 1 μg/L SMX survived for two and three days, respectively. In order to elucidate the effect of SMX upon the crayfish immune response, new sets of crayfish were exposed to the same SMX treatments to evaluate mRNA levels of immune-related genes which are expressed and present in hemocytes and intestine, and to perform total and differential hemocyte counts. These results show a significant down-regulation of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) Crustin 3 in hemocytes from the 100 ng/L SMX group, as well as a significant up-regulation of the AMP Crustin 1 in intestines from the 1 μg/L SMX group. Semigranular and total hemocyte cell number were observed to be significantly lower after exposure to 100 ng/L SMX in comparison with the control group. The present study demonstrates that environmentally relevant SMX concentrations in the water at 100 ng/L led to an increased WSSV susceptibility, that may have been caused by a reduction of circulating hemocytes. Nevertheless, SMX concentrations of 1 μg/L could marginally and for a few days have an immunostimulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Hernández-Pérez
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chadanat Noonin
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Söderhäll
- SciLife Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irene Söderhäll
- SciLife Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Anderson SE, Closs GP, Matthaei CD. Agricultural Land-Use Legacy, The Invasive Alga Didymosphenia geminata and Invertebrate Communities in Upland Streams with Natural Flow Regimes. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 65:804-817. [PMID: 32222781 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The integrity of freshwater ecosystems worldwide is under threat from agriculture and invasive species. Past agricultural activity can have persistent effects on aquatic diversity even decades after restoration, and the spread of invasive species is increasingly difficult to prevent due to globalisation. In the South Island of New Zealand, the invasive diatom Didymosphenia geminata (Didymo) causes nuisance blooms in streams. The impact of Didymo on stream invertebrate communities in upland streams with natural flow regimes remains poorly understood. We investigated the relationships between legacy effects of agriculture, Didymo and benthic invertebrate communities at 55 stream sites in Mahu Whenua, a 530 km2 conservation area comprising four former New Zealand high-country farms. The farms were destocked of sheep 4-9 years before stream sampling started. Kick-netting was used to collect macroinvertebrates from 7-23 streams within each farm to provide a land-use legacy gradient. Moreover, samples from 16 sites with clearly visible Didymo mats covering most of the stream bed (indicating high biomass and a dominant role in the biofilm) were compared with 39 sites without such Didymo mats. Total invertebrate taxon richness and EPT richness (taxon richness of larval mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies) were lower in the stream catchments destocked most recently. When Didymo was present, relative EPT abundance was lower than when Didymo was absent, and Deleatidium mayflies decreased whereas midges and oligochaetes increased. These results highlight the need to look at past land-use practices when restoring high-country streams after agricultural impacts. They also show that Didymo can have negative effects on invertebrate communities in upland streams with natural flow regimes, a stream type previously overlooked in studies on this invasive diatom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye E Anderson
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Gerard P Closs
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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How phantom databases could contribute to conservation assessments. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2020; 107:21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-020-01679-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Guo W, Hossain MS, Kubec J, Grabicová K, Randák T, Buřič M, Kouba A. Psychoactive compounds at environmental concentration alter burrowing behavior in the freshwater crayfish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:135138. [PMID: 32000346 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhAC) have been increasingly detected in freshwater and marine waterbodies worldwide and are recognized as major emerging micropollutant threat to the aquatic environment. Despite their low concentrations in the environment, there is evidence of effects on non-target aquatic organisms in natural habitats. To assess the potential effects of PhACs on its burrowing behavior, we exposed the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii to methamphetamine or tramadol at the environmentally relevant concentration of 1 μg/L. Methamphetamine-exposed females constructed burrows of lower depth and volume relative to individual weight than did controls. Tramadol-exposed females consistently exhibited a tendency for smaller burrows, but this difference was not significant. Exposed males showed a non-significant tendency to excavate larger burrows compared with the control. Control and tramadol-treated females maintained the natural tendency of constructing relatively deeper and/or larger-volume burrows compared with males. This sex-related pattern was not detected in the methamphetamine group. The rate of human therapeutic PhAC usage is relatively stable year-round, and impacts on crayfish burrowing can be particularly damaging during periods of drought, when the dilution of waste waters is reduced, and burrowing becomes a critical survival strategy. Our results suggest that an increasingly broad range of environmental impacts of PhACs on non-target organisms can be expected in natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Md Shakhawate Hossain
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubec
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Randák
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buřič
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Kouba
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany 389 25, Czech Republic.
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