1
|
Özçete ÖD, Banerjee A, Kaeser PS. Mechanisms of neuromodulatory volume transmission. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02608-3. [PMID: 38789677 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A wealth of neuromodulatory transmitters regulate synaptic circuits in the brain. Their mode of signaling, often called volume transmission, differs from classical synaptic transmission in important ways. In synaptic transmission, vesicles rapidly fuse in response to action potentials and release their transmitter content. The transmitters are then sensed by nearby receptors on select target cells with minimal delay. Signal transmission is restricted to synaptic contacts and typically occurs within ~1 ms. Volume transmission doesn't rely on synaptic contact sites and is the main mode of monoamines and neuropeptides, important neuromodulators in the brain. It is less precise than synaptic transmission, and the underlying molecular mechanisms and spatiotemporal scales are often not well understood. Here, we review literature on mechanisms of volume transmission and raise scientific questions that should be addressed in the years ahead. We define five domains by which volume transmission systems can differ from synaptic transmission and from one another. These domains are (1) innervation patterns and firing properties, (2) transmitter synthesis and loading into different types of vesicles, (3) architecture and distribution of release sites, (4) transmitter diffusion, degradation, and reuptake, and (5) receptor types and their positioning on target cells. We discuss these five domains for dopamine, a well-studied monoamine, and then compare the literature on dopamine with that on norepinephrine and serotonin. We include assessments of neuropeptide signaling and of central acetylcholine transmission. Through this review, we provide a molecular and cellular framework for volume transmission. This mechanistic knowledge is essential to define how neuromodulatory systems control behavior in health and disease and to understand how they are modulated by medical treatments and by drugs of abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Özge D Özçete
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Aditi Banerjee
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pascal S Kaeser
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Babu HWS, Kumar SM, Kaur H, Iyer M, Vellingiri B. Midbrain organoids for Parkinson's disease (PD) - A powerful tool to understand the disease pathogenesis. Life Sci 2024; 345:122610. [PMID: 38580194 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Brain Organiods (BOs) are a promising technique for researching disease progression in the human brain. These organoids, which are produced from human induced pluripotent stem cells (HiPSCs), can construct themselves into structured frameworks. In the context of Parkinson's disease (PD), recent advancements have been made in the development of Midbrain organoids (MBOs) models that consider key pathophysiological mechanisms such as alpha-synuclein (α-Syn), Lewy bodies, dopamine loss, and microglia activation. However, there are limitations to the current use of BOs in disease modelling and drug discovery, such as the lack of vascularization, long-term differentiation, and absence of glial cells. To address these limitations, researchers have proposed the use of spinning bioreactors to improve oxygen and nutrient perfusion. Modelling PD utilising modern experimental in vitro models is a valuable tool for studying disease mechanisms and elucidating previously unknown features of PD. In this paper, we exclusively review the unique methods available for cultivating MBOs using a pumping system that mimics the circulatory system. This mechanism may aid in delivering the required amount of oxygen and nutrients to all areas of the organoids, preventing cell death, and allowing for long-term culture and using co-culturing techniques for developing glial cell in BOs. Furthermore, we emphasise some of the significant discoveries about the BOs and the potential challenges of using BOs will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harysh Winster Suresh Babu
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Sindduja Muthu Kumar
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Harsimrat Kaur
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore-641021, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pan K, Jinnah HA, Hess EJ, Smith Y, Villalba RM. Ultrastructural analysis of nigrostriatal dopaminergic terminals in a knockin mouse model of DYT1 dystonia. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1407-1427. [PMID: 38123503 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
DYT1 dystonia is associated with decreased striatal dopamine release. In this study, we examined the possibility that ultrastructural changes of nigrostriatal dopamine terminals could contribute to this neurochemical imbalance using a serial block face/scanning electron microscope (SBF/SEM) and three-dimensional reconstruction to analyse striatal tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) terminals and their synapses in a DYT1(ΔE) knockin (DYT1-KI) mouse model of DYT1 dystonia. Furthermore, to study possible changes in vesicle packaging capacity of dopamine, we used transmission electron microscopy to assess the synaptic vesicle size in striatal dopamine terminals. Quantitative comparative analysis of 80 fully reconstructed TH-IR terminals in the WT and DYT1-KI mice indicate (1) no significant difference in the volume of TH-IR terminals; (2) no major change in the proportion of axo-spinous versus axo-dendritic synapses; (3) no significant change in the post-synaptic density (PSD) area of axo-dendritic synapses, while the PSDs of axo-spinous synapses were significantly smaller in DYT1-KI mice; (4) no significant change in the contact area between TH-IR terminals and dendritic shafts or spines, while the ratio of PSD area/contact area decreased significantly for both axo-dendritic and axo-spinous synapses in DYT1-KI mice; (5) no significant difference in the mitochondria volume; and (6) no significant difference in the synaptic vesicle area between the two groups. Altogether, these findings suggest that abnormal morphometric changes of nigrostriatal dopamine terminals and their post-synaptic targets are unlikely to be a major source of reduced striatal dopamine release in DYT1 dystonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Pan
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hyder A Jinnah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ellen J Hess
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rosa M Villalba
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Batten SR, Bang D, Kopell BH, Davis AN, Heflin M, Fu Q, Perl O, Ziafat K, Hashemi A, Saez I, Barbosa LS, Twomey T, Lohrenz T, White JP, Dayan P, Charney AW, Figee M, Mayberg HS, Kishida KT, Gu X, Montague PR. Dopamine and serotonin in human substantia nigra track social context and value signals during economic exchange. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:718-728. [PMID: 38409356 PMCID: PMC11045309 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01831-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine and serotonin are hypothesized to guide social behaviours. In humans, however, we have not yet been able to study neuromodulator dynamics as social interaction unfolds. Here, we obtained subsecond estimates of dopamine and serotonin from human substantia nigra pars reticulata during the ultimatum game. Participants, who were patients with Parkinson's disease undergoing awake brain surgery, had to accept or reject monetary offers of varying fairness from human and computer players. They rejected more offers in the human than the computer condition, an effect of social context associated with higher overall levels of dopamine but not serotonin. Regardless of the social context, relative changes in dopamine tracked trial-by-trial changes in offer value-akin to reward prediction errors-whereas serotonin tracked the current offer value. These results show that dopamine and serotonin fluctuations in one of the basal ganglia's main output structures reflect distinct social context and value signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth R Batten
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA.
| | - Dan Bang
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA.
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Brian H Kopell
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Neuromodulation, Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arianna N Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Heflin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qixiu Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ofer Perl
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kimia Ziafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alice Hashemi
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ignacio Saez
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonardo S Barbosa
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Thomas Twomey
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Terry Lohrenz
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Jason P White
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Peter Dayan
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander W Charney
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martijn Figee
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Neuromodulation, Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen S Mayberg
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Neuromodulation, Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth T Kishida
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Xiaosi Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - P Read Montague
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA.
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Reich N, Hölscher C. Cholecystokinin (CCK): a neuromodulator with therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Front Neuroendocrinol 2024; 73:101122. [PMID: 38346453 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a neuropeptide modulating digestion, glucose levels, neurotransmitters and memory. Recent studies suggest that CCK exhibits neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, we review the physiological function and therapeutic potential of CCK. The neuropeptide facilitates hippocampal glutamate release and gates GABAergic basket cell activity, which improves declarative memory acquisition, but inhibits consolidation. Cortical CCK alters recognition memory and enhances audio-visual processing. By stimulating CCK-1 receptors (CCK-1Rs), sulphated CCK-8 elicits dopamine release in the substantia nigra and striatum. In the mesolimbic pathway, CCK release is triggered by dopamine and terminates reward responses via CCK-2Rs. Importantly, activation of hippocampal and nigral CCK-2Rs is neuroprotective by evoking AMPK activation, expression of mitochondrial fusion modulators and autophagy. Other benefits include vagus nerve/CCK-1R-mediated expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, intestinal protection and suppression of inflammation. We also discuss caveats and the therapeutic combination of CCK with other peptide hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Reich
- The ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Island Research Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; Faculty of Health and Medicine, Biomedical & Life Sciences Division, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Second associated Hospital, Neurology Department, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Neurodegeneration research group, Xinzhen, Henan province, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guidolin D, Tortorella C, Marcoli M, Cervetto C, De Caro R, Maura G, Agnati LF. Modulation of Neuron and Astrocyte Dopamine Receptors via Receptor-Receptor Interactions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1427. [PMID: 37895898 PMCID: PMC10610355 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine neurotransmission plays critical roles in regulating complex cognitive and behavioral processes including reward, motivation, reinforcement learning, and movement. Dopamine receptors are classified into five subtypes, widely distributed across the brain, including regions responsible for motor functions and specific areas related to cognitive and emotional functions. Dopamine also acts on astrocytes, which express dopamine receptors as well. The discovery of direct receptor-receptor interactions, leading to the formation of multimeric receptor complexes at the cell membrane and providing the cell decoding apparatus with flexible dynamics in terms of recognition and signal transduction, has expanded the knowledge of the G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated signaling processes. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of currently identified receptor complexes containing dopamine receptors and of their modulatory action on dopamine-mediated signaling between neurons and between neurons and astrocytes. Pharmacological possibilities offered by targeting receptor complexes in terms of addressing neuropsychiatric disorders associated with altered dopamine signaling will also be briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (C.T.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Cinzia Tortorella
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (C.T.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy; (M.M.); (C.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy; (M.M.); (C.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (C.T.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy; (M.M.); (C.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Luigi F. Agnati
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic Sciences and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Delignat-Lavaud B, Kano J, Ducrot C, Massé I, Mukherjee S, Giguère N, Moquin L, Lévesque C, Burke S, Denis R, Bourque MJ, Tchung A, Rosa-Neto P, Lévesque D, De Beaumont L, Trudeau LÉ. Synaptotagmin-1-dependent phasic axonal dopamine release is dispensable for basic motor behaviors in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4120. [PMID: 37433762 PMCID: PMC10336101 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), motor dysfunctions only become apparent after extensive loss of DA innervation. This resilience has been hypothesized to be due to the ability of many motor behaviors to be sustained through a diffuse basal tone of DA; but experimental evidence for this is limited. Here we show that conditional deletion of the calcium sensor synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) in DA neurons (Syt1 cKODA mice) abrogates most activity-dependent axonal DA release in the striatum and mesencephalon, leaving somatodendritic (STD) DA release intact. Strikingly, Syt1 cKODA mice showed intact performance in multiple unconditioned DA-dependent motor tasks and even in a task evaluating conditioned motivation for food. Considering that basal extracellular DA levels in the striatum were unchanged, our findings suggest that activity-dependent DA release is dispensable for such tasks and that they can be sustained by a basal tone of extracellular DA. Taken together, our findings reveal the striking resilience of DA-dependent motor functions in the context of a near-abolition of phasic DA release, shedding new light on why extensive loss of DA innervation is required to reveal motor dysfunctions in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Delignat-Lavaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jana Kano
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Charles Ducrot
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ian Massé
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur-de-Montréal, CIUSSS NIM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sriparna Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Nicolas Giguère
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Luc Moquin
- Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Samuel Burke
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Raphaëlle Denis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Alex Tchung
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Lévesque
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis De Beaumont
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur-de-Montréal, CIUSSS NIM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis-Éric Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- SNC and CIRCA Research Groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Surmeier DJ, Zhai S, Cui Q, Simmons DV. Rethinking the network determinants of motor disability in Parkinson's disease. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2023; 15:1186484. [PMID: 37448451 PMCID: PMC10336242 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2023.1186484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
For roughly the last 30 years, the notion that striatal dopamine (DA) depletion was the critical determinant of network pathophysiology underlying the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) has dominated the field. While the basal ganglia circuit model underpinning this hypothesis has been of great heuristic value, the hypothesis itself has never been directly tested. Moreover, studies in the last couple of decades have made it clear that the network model underlying this hypothesis fails to incorporate key features of the basal ganglia, including the fact that DA acts throughout the basal ganglia, not just in the striatum. Underscoring this point, recent work using a progressive mouse model of PD has shown that striatal DA depletion alone is not sufficient to induce parkinsonism and that restoration of extra-striatal DA signaling attenuates parkinsonian motor deficits once they appear. Given the broad array of discoveries in the field, it is time for a new model of the network determinants of motor disability in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalton James Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shenyu Zhai
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Qiaoling Cui
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - DeNard V Simmons
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Geisler CE, Hayes MR. Metabolic Hormone Action in the VTA: Reward-Directed Behavior and Mechanistic Insights. Physiol Behav 2023; 268:114236. [PMID: 37178855 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional signaling in midbrain reward circuits perpetuates diseases characterized by compulsive overconsumption of rewarding substances such as substance abuse, binge eating disorder, and obesity. Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic activity serves as an index for how rewarding stimuli are perceived and triggers behaviors necessary to obtain future rewards. The evolutionary linking of reward with seeking and consuming palatable foods ensured an organism's survival, and hormone systems that regulate appetite concomitantly developed to regulate motivated behaviors. Today, these same mechanisms serve to regulate reward-directed behavior around food, drugs, alcohol, and social interactions. Understanding how hormonal regulation of VTA dopaminergic output alters motivated behaviors is essential to leveraging therapeutics that target these hormone systems to treat addiction and disordered eating. This review will outline our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying VTA action of the metabolic hormones ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, amylin, leptin, and insulin to regulate behavior around food and drugs of abuse, highlighting commonalities and differences in how these five hormones ultimately modulate VTA dopamine signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Geisler
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sippy T, Tritsch NX. Unraveling the dynamics of dopamine release and its actions on target cells. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:228-239. [PMID: 36635111 PMCID: PMC10204099 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The neuromodulator dopamine (DA) is essential for regulating learning, motivation, and movement. Despite its importance, however, the mechanisms by which DA influences the activity of target cells to alter behavior remain poorly understood. In this review, we describe recent methodological advances that are helping to overcome challenges that have historically hindered the field. We discuss how the employment of these methods is shedding light on the complex dynamics of extracellular DA in the brain, as well as how DA signaling alters the electrical, biochemical, and population activity of target neurons in vivo. These developments are generating novel hypotheses about the mechanisms through which DA release modifies behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Sippy
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Nicolas X Tritsch
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sleep Deprivation Induces Dopamine System Maladaptation and Escalated Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor Signaling in Adolescent Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3190-3209. [PMID: 36813955 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disruption is highly associated with the pathogenesis and progression of a wild range of psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, appreciable evidence shows that experimental sleep deprivation (SD) on humans and rodents evokes anomalies in the dopaminergic (DA) signaling, which are also implicated in the development of psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia or substance abuse. Since adolescence is a vital period for the maturation of the DA system as well as the occurrence of mental disorders, the present studies aimed to investigate the impacts of SD on the DA system of adolescent mice. We found that 72 h SD elicited a hyperdopaminergic status, with increased sensitivity to the novel environment and amphetamine (Amph) challenge. Also, altered neuronal activity and expression of striatal DA receptors were noticed in the SD mice. Moreover, 72 h SD influenced the immune status in the striatum, with reduced microglial phagocytic capacity, primed microglial activation, and neuroinflammation. The abnormal neuronal and microglial activity were putatively provoked by the enhanced corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling and sensitivity during the SD period. Together, our findings demonstrated the consequences of SD in adolescents including aberrant neuroendocrine, DA system, and inflammatory status. Sleep insufficiency is a risk factor for the aberration and neuropathology of psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lebowitz JJ, Banerjee A, Qiao C, Bunzow JR, Williams JT, Kaeser PS. Synaptotagmin-1 is a Ca 2+ sensor for somatodendritic dopamine release. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111915. [PMID: 36640316 PMCID: PMC9993464 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Modes of somatodendritic transmission range from rapid synaptic signaling to protracted regulation over distance. Somatodendritic dopamine secretion in the midbrain leads to D2 receptor-induced modulation of dopamine neurons on the timescale of seconds. Temporally imprecise release mechanisms are often presumed to be at play, and previous work indeed suggested roles for slow Ca2+ sensors. We here use mouse genetics and whole-cell electrophysiology to establish that the fast Ca2+ sensor synaptotagmin-1 (Syt-1) is important for somatodendritic dopamine release. Syt-1 ablation from dopamine neurons strongly reduces stimulus-evoked D2 receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (D2-IPSCs) in the midbrain. D2-IPSCs evoked by paired stimuli exhibit less depression, and high-frequency trains restore dopamine release. Spontaneous somatodendritic dopamine secretion is independent of Syt-1, supporting that its exocytotic mechanisms differ from evoked release. We conclude that somatodendritic dopamine transmission relies on the fast Ca2+ sensor Syt-1, leading to synchronous release in response to the initial stimulus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Lebowitz
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Aditi Banerjee
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Claire Qiao
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James R Bunzow
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - John T Williams
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Pascal S Kaeser
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
D1 receptor-expressing neurons in ventral tegmental area alleviate mouse anxiety-like behaviors via glutamatergic projection to lateral septum. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:625-638. [PMID: 36195641 PMCID: PMC9531220 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) acts as a key regulator in controlling emotion, and dysfunction of DA signal has been implicated in the pathophysiology of some psychiatric disorders, including anxiety. Ventral tegmental area (VTA) is one of main regions with DA-producing neurons. VTA DAergic projections in mesolimbic brain regions play a crucial role in regulating anxiety-like behaviors, however, the function of DA signal within VTA in regulating emotion remains unclear. Here, we observe that pharmacological activation/inhibition of VTA D1 receptors will alleviate/aggravate mouse anxiety-like behaviors, and knockdown of VTA D1 receptor expression also exerts anxiogenic effect. With fluorescence in situ hybridization and electrophysiological recording, we find that D1 receptors are functionally expressed in VTA neurons. Silencing/activating VTA D1 neurons bidirectionally modulate mouse anxiety-like behaviors. Furthermore, knocking down D1 receptors in VTA DA and glutamate neurons elevates anxiety-like state, but in GABA neurons has the opposite effect. In addition, we identify the glutamatergic projection from VTA D1 neurons to lateral septum is mainly responsible for the anxiolytic effect induced by activating VTA D1 neurons. Thus, our study not only characterizes the functional expression of D1 receptors in VTA neurons, but also uncovers the pivotal role of DA signal within VTA in mediating anxiety-like behaviors.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cocaine-regulated trafficking of dopamine transporters in cultured neurons revealed by a pH sensitive reporter. iScience 2022; 26:105782. [PMID: 36594015 PMCID: PMC9804146 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine acts by inhibiting plasma membrane dopamine transporter (DAT) function and altering its surface expression. The precise manner and mechanism by which cocaine regulates DAT trafficking, especially at neuronal processes, are poorly understood. In this study, we engineered and validated the use of DAT-pHluorin for studying DAT localization and its dynamic trafficking at neuronal processes of cultured mouse midbrain neurons. We demonstrate that unlike neuronal soma and dendrites, which contain a majority of the DATs in weakly acidic intracellular compartments, axonal DATs at both shafts and boutons are primarily (75%) localized to the plasma membrane, whereas large varicosities contain abundant intracellular DAT within acidic intracellular structures. We also demonstrate that cocaine exposure leads to a Synaptojanin1-sensitive DAT internalization process followed by membrane reinsertion that lasts for days. Thus, our study reveals the previously unknown dynamics and molecular regulation for cocaine-regulated DAT trafficking in neuronal processes.
Collapse
|
15
|
Requie LM, Gómez-Gonzalo M, Speggiorin M, Managò F, Melone M, Congiu M, Chiavegato A, Lia A, Zonta M, Losi G, Henriques VJ, Pugliese A, Pacinelli G, Marsicano G, Papaleo F, Muntoni AL, Conti F, Carmignoto G. Astrocytes mediate long-lasting synaptic regulation of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1639-1650. [PMID: 36396976 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The plasticity of glutamatergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) represents a fundamental mechanism in the modulation of dopamine neuron burst firing and phasic dopamine release at target regions. These processes encode basic behavioral responses, including locomotor activity, learning and motivated behaviors. Here we describe a hitherto unidentified mechanism of long-term synaptic plasticity in mouse VTA. We found that the burst firing in individual dopamine neurons induces a long-lasting potentiation of excitatory synapses on adjacent dopamine neurons that crucially depends on Ca2+ elevations in astrocytes, mediated by endocannabinoid CB1 and dopamine D2 receptors co-localized at the same astrocytic process, and activation of pre-synaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors. Consistent with these findings, selective in vivo activation of astrocytes increases the burst firing of dopamine neurons in the VTA and induces locomotor hyperactivity. Astrocytes play, therefore, a key role in the modulation of VTA dopamine neuron functional activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Maria Requie
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Padova, National Research Council (CNR) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Gómez-Gonzalo
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Padova, National Research Council (CNR) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Michele Speggiorin
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Padova, National Research Council (CNR) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Managò
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Marcello Melone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, and Center for Neurobiology of Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Congiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute, Section of Cagliari, National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Angela Chiavegato
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Padova, National Research Council (CNR) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Annamaria Lia
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Padova, National Research Council (CNR) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Micaela Zonta
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Padova, National Research Council (CNR) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Losi
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Padova, National Research Council (CNR) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.,Nanoscienze Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Modena, Italy
| | - Vanessa Jorge Henriques
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Padova, National Research Council (CNR) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Arianna Pugliese
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, and Center for Neurobiology of Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giada Pacinelli
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- University of Bordeaux and Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (CNRS), Bordeaux, France
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Muntoni
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Cagliari, National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Conti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, and Center for Neurobiology of Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Carmignoto
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Padova, National Research Council (CNR) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Castillo Díaz F, Dalto JF, Pereyra M, Medina JH. Dopamine neurotransmission in the VTA regulates aversive memory formation and persistence. Physiol Behav 2022; 253:113854. [PMID: 35609721 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) innervating several limbic and neocortical regions of the mammalian brain have long been implicated in motivation, rewarding and aversive behaviors, and memory processing. Recently, we demonstrated that somatodendritic release of DA in the VTA regulates the formation and maintenance of appetitive long-term memories (LTM). However, less is known about the impact of DA neurotransmission in the VTA on aversive LTM. Here, we describe the modulation of negative-valence memories by D1/D5-type DA (D1R)-receptor-mediated neurotransmission in the VTA. As aversive stimuli elicit both active and passive behavioral responses, we used two single-trial aversive training protocols: inhibitory avoidance task and conditioned place aversion. We bilaterally microinfused SCH23390, an antagonist of D1R, into the VTA immediately after training and found that DA neurotransmission in the VTA modulates LTM consolidation and persistence of aversive experiences. Together with previous findings demonstrating that D1R-mediated DA neurotransmission in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus is involved in the formation and persistence of LTM for aversive events, our present results indicate that memory processing of environmental stimuli with negative-valence depends on the integration of information mediated by D1R activation in both the VTA region and in selected downstream target areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Castillo Díaz
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina; Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Juliana F Dalto
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Pereyra
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Jorge H Medina
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina; Instituto Tecnológico Buenos Aires, Iguazú 341, CABA C1437, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Dopamine was first described by George Barger, James Ewens, and Henry Dale in 1910 as an epinephrine-like monoamine compound. Initially believed to be a mere precursor of norepinephrine, it was mostly ignored for the next four decades (Figure 1A). However, in the 1950s Kathleen Montagu showed that dopamine occurred in the brain by itself, and a series of studies by Arvid Carlsson and collaborators demonstrated that dopamine is a bona fide neurotransmitter, a finding that would earn Carlsson the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. In a landmark experiment, he pharmacologically blocked all dopamine neurotransmission in rabbits, which rendered them completely paralyzed, and then fully recovered their behavior with an injection of the dopamine precursor L-DOPA, demonstrating that dopamine was essential for self-initiated movement (Figure 1B). A similar effect was quickly reproduced by Oleg Hornykiewicz and collaborators in human Parkinsonian patients. Within a few years, dopamine jumped from relative obscurity to being critical for life as we know it.
Collapse
|
18
|
Grove JCR, Gray LA, La Santa Medina N, Sivakumar N, Ahn JS, Corpuz TV, Berke JD, Kreitzer AC, Knight ZA. Dopamine subsystems that track internal states. Nature 2022; 608:374-380. [PMID: 35831501 PMCID: PMC9365689 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Food and water are rewarding in part because they satisfy our internal needs1,2. Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are activated by gustatory rewards3-5, but how animals learn to associate these oral cues with the delayed physiological effects of ingestion is unknown. Here we show that individual dopaminergic neurons in the VTA respond to detection of nutrients or water at specific stages of ingestion. A major subset of dopaminergic neurons tracks changes in systemic hydration that occur tens of minutes after thirsty mice drink water, whereas different dopaminergic neurons respond to nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract. We show that information about fluid balance is transmitted to the VTA by a hypothalamic pathway and then re-routed to downstream circuits that track the oral, gastrointestinal and post-absorptive stages of ingestion. To investigate the function of these signals, we used a paradigm in which a fluid's oral and post-absorptive effects can be independently manipulated and temporally separated. We show that mice rapidly learn to prefer one fluid over another based solely on its rehydrating ability and that this post-ingestive learning is prevented if dopaminergic neurons in the VTA are selectively silenced after consumption. These findings reveal that the midbrain dopamine system contains subsystems that track different modalities and stages of ingestion, on timescales from seconds to tens of minutes, and that this information is used to drive learning about the consequences of ingestion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James C R Grove
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jamie S Ahn
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Joshua D Berke
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anatol C Kreitzer
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zachary A Knight
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bulumulla C, Krasley AT, Cristofori-Armstrong B, Valinsky WC, Walpita D, Ackerman D, Clapham DE, Beyene AG. Visualizing synaptic dopamine efflux with a 2D composite nanofilm. eLife 2022; 11:78773. [PMID: 35786443 PMCID: PMC9363124 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical neurotransmission constitutes one of the fundamental modalities of communication between neurons. Monitoring release of these chemicals has traditionally been difficult to carry out at spatial and temporal scales relevant to neuron function. To understand chemical neurotransmission more fully, we need to improve the spatial and temporal resolutions of measurements for neurotransmitter release. To address this, we engineered a chemi-sensitive, two-dimensional composite nanofilm that facilitates visualization of the release and diffusion of the neurochemical dopamine with synaptic resolution, quantal sensitivity, and simultaneously from hundreds of release sites. Using this technology, we were able to monitor the spatiotemporal dynamics of dopamine release in dendritic processes, a poorly understood phenomenon. We found that dopamine release is broadcast from a subset of dendritic processes as hotspots that have a mean spatial spread of ≈ 3.2 µm (full width at half maximum [FWHM]) and are observed with a mean spatial frequency of one hotspot per ≈ 7.5 µm of dendritic length. Major dendrites of dopamine neurons and fine dendritic processes, as well as dendritic arbors and dendrites with no apparent varicose morphology participated in dopamine release. Remarkably, these release hotspots co-localized with Bassoon, suggesting that Bassoon may contribute to organizing active zones in dendrites, similar to its role in axon terminals. To form the vast and complex network necessary for an organism to sense and react to the world, neurons must connect at highly specialized junctions. Individual cells communicate at these ‘synapses’ by releasing chemical signals (or neurotransmitters) such as dopamine, a molecule involved in learning and motivation. Despite the central role that synapses play in the brain, it remains challenging to measure exactly where neurotransmitters are released and how far they travel from their release site. Currently, most tools available to scientists only allow bulk measurements of neurotransmitter release. To tackle this limitation, Bulumulla et al. developed a new way to measure neurotransmitter release from neurons, harnessing a technique which uses fluorescent nanosensors that glow brighter when exposed to dopamine. These sensors form a very thin film upon which neurons can grow; when the cells release dopamine, the sensors ‘light up’ as they encounter the molecule. Dubbed DopaFilm, the technology reveals exactly where the neurotransmitter comes from and how it spreads between cells in real time. In particular, the approach showed that dopamine emerges from 'hot spots' at specific sites in cells; it also helped Bulumulla et al. study how dopamine is released from subcellular compartments that have previously not been well characterized. Improving the sensors so that the film could detect other neurotransmitters besides dopamine would broaden the use of this approach. In the future, combining this technology with other types of imaging should enable studies of individual synapses with intricate detail.
Collapse
|
20
|
Baral S, Hosseini H, More K, Fabrin TMC, Braun J, Prigge M. Spike-Dependent Dynamic Partitioning of the Locus Coeruleus Network through Noradrenergic Volume Release in a Simulation of Nucleus Core. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060728. [PMID: 35741613 PMCID: PMC9221380 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Locus coeruleus (LC) modulates various neuronal circuits throughout the brain. Its unique architectural organization encompasses a net of axonal innervation that spans the entire brain, while its somatic core is highly compact. Recent research revealed an unexpected cellular input specificity within the nucleus that can give rise to various network states that either broadcast norepinephrine signals throughout the brain or pointedly modulate specific brain areas. Such adaptive input–output functions likely surpass our existing network models that build upon a given synaptic wiring configuration between neurons. As the distances between noradrenergic neurons in the core of the LC are unusually small, neighboring neurons could theoretically impact each other via volume transmission of NE. We therefore set out to investigate if such interaction could be mediated through noradrenergic alpha2-receptors in a spiking neuron model of the LC. We validated our model of LC neurons through comparison with experimental patch-clamp data and identified key variables that impact alpha2-mediated inhibition of neighboring LC neurons. Our simulation confirmed a reliable autoinhibition of LC neurons after episodes of high neuronal activity that continue even after neuronal activity subsided. Additionally, dendro-somatic synapses inhibited spontaneous spiking in the somatic compartment of connected neurons in our model. We determined the exact position of hundreds of LC neurons in the mouse brain stem via a tissue clearing approach and, based on this, further determined that 25 percent of noradrenergic neurons have a neighboring LC neuron within less than a 25-micrometer radius. By modeling NE diffusion, we estimated that more than 15 percent of the alpha2-adrenergic receptors fraction can bind NE within such a diffusion radius. Our spiking neuron model of LC neurons predicts that repeated or long-lasting episodes of high neuronal activity induce partitioning of the gross LC network and reduce the spike rate in neighboring neurons at distances smaller than 25 μm. As these volume-mediating neighboring effects are challenging to test with the current methodology, our findings can guide future experimental approaches to test this phenomenon and its physiological consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shristi Baral
- Research Group Neuromodulatory Networks, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.B.); (H.H.); (K.M.); (T.M.C.F.)
- Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Otto-von Guericke University, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hassan Hosseini
- Research Group Neuromodulatory Networks, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.B.); (H.H.); (K.M.); (T.M.C.F.)
| | - Kaushik More
- Research Group Neuromodulatory Networks, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.B.); (H.H.); (K.M.); (T.M.C.F.)
| | - Thomaz M. C. Fabrin
- Research Group Neuromodulatory Networks, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.B.); (H.H.); (K.M.); (T.M.C.F.)
| | - Jochen Braun
- Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Otto-von Guericke University, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Matthias Prigge
- Research Group Neuromodulatory Networks, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.B.); (H.H.); (K.M.); (T.M.C.F.)
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Delignat-Lavaud B, Ducrot C, Kouwenhoven W, Feller N, Trudeau LÉ. Implication of synaptotagmins 4 and 7 in activity-dependent somatodendritic dopamine release in the ventral midbrain. Open Biol 2022; 12:210339. [PMID: 35232250 PMCID: PMC8889187 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) neurons can release DA not just from axon terminals, but also from their somatodendritic (STD) compartment through a mechanism that is still incompletely understood. Using voltammetry in mouse mesencephalic brain slices, we find that STD DA release has low capacity and shows a calcium sensitivity that is comparable to that of axonal release. We find that the molecular mechanism of STD DA release differs from axonal release with regard to the implication of synaptotagmin (Syt) calcium sensors. While individual constitutive knockout of Syt4 or Syt7 is not sufficient to reduce STD DA release, the removal of both isoforms reduces this release by approximately 50%, leaving axonal release unimpaired. Our work unveils clear differences in the mechanisms of STD and axonal DA release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Delignat-Lavaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Charles Ducrot
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Willemieke Kouwenhoven
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Nina Feller
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Louis-Éric Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Is Required for Neurodevelopment of Striosome-Dendron Bouquets. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0318-21.2022. [PMID: 35361667 PMCID: PMC9007419 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0318-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) has strong effects on neurogenesis and axon pathfinding in the prenatal brain. Endocannabinoids that activate CB1R are abundant in the early postnatal brain and in mother's milk, but few studies have investigated their function in newborns. We examined postnatal CB1R expression in the major striatonigral circuit from striosomes of the striatum to the dopamine-containing neurons of the substantia nigra. CB1R enrichment was first detectable between postnatal day (P)5 and P7, and this timing coincided with the formation of "striosome-dendron bouquets," the elaborate anatomic structures by which striosomal neurons control dopaminergic cell activity through inhibitory synapses. In Cnr1-/- knock-out mice lacking CB1R expression, striosome-dendron bouquets were markedly disorganized by P11 and at adulthood, suggesting a postnatal pathfinding connectivity function for CB1R in connecting striosomal axons and dopaminergic neurons analogous to CB1R's prenatal function in other brain regions. Our finding that CB1R plays a major role in postnatal wiring of the striatonigral dopamine-control system, with lasting consequences at least in mice, points to a crucial need to determine whether lactating mothers' use of CB1R agonists (e.g., in marijuana) or antagonists (e.g., type 2 diabetes therapies) can disrupt brain development in nursing offspring.
Collapse
|
23
|
Hobson BD, Kong L, Angelo MF, Lieberman OJ, Mosharov EV, Herzog E, Sulzer D, Sims PA. Subcellular and regional localization of mRNA translation in midbrain dopamine neurons. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110208. [PMID: 35021090 PMCID: PMC8844886 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons exhibit extensive dendritic and axonal arborizations, but local protein synthesis is not characterized in these neurons. Here, we investigate messenger RNA (mRNA) localization and translation in mDA neuronal axons and dendrites, both of which release dopamine (DA). Using highly sensitive ribosome-bound RNA sequencing and imaging approaches, we find no evidence for mRNA translation in mDA axons. In contrast, mDA neuronal dendrites in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) contain ribosomes and mRNAs encoding the major components of DA synthesis, release, and reuptake machinery. Surprisingly, we also observe dendritic localization of mRNAs encoding synaptic vesicle-related proteins, including those involved in exocytic fusion. Our results are consistent with a role for local translation in the regulation of DA release from dendrites, but not from axons. Our translatome data define a molecular signature of sparse mDA neurons in the SNr, including the enrichment of Atp2a3/SERCA3, an atypical ER calcium pump. Local translation regulates the subcellular proteome in neurons but has not been characterized in midbrain dopamine neurons, cells with large dendrites and axonal arborizations. Hobson et al. investigate messenger RNA localization and translation in midbrain dopamine neurons in the mouse brain, finding ribosomes and dopaminergic mRNAs in dendrites, but not axons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Hobson
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York 10032, NY, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Linghao Kong
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York 10032, NY, USA
| | - Maria Florencia Angelo
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ori J Lieberman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Etienne Herzog
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York 10032, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bosque-Cordero KY, Vazquez-Torres R, Calo-Guadalupe C, Consuegra-Garcia D, Fois GR, Georges F, Jimenez-Rivera CA. I h blockade reduces cocaine-induced firing patterns of putative dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area in the anesthetized rat. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 112:110431. [PMID: 34454991 PMCID: PMC8489561 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih) is a determinant of intrinsic excitability in various cells, including dopaminergic neurons (DA) of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). In contrast to other cellular conductances, Ih is activated by hyperpolarization negative to -55 mV and activating Ih produces a time-dependent depolarizing current. Our laboratory demonstrated that cocaine sensitization, a chronic cocaine behavioral model, significantly reduces Ih amplitude in VTA DA neurons. Despite this reduction in Ih, the spontaneous firing of VTA DA cells after cocaine sensitization remained similar to control groups. Although the role of Ih in controlling VTA DA excitability is still poorly understood, our hypothesis is that Ih reduction could play a role of a homeostatic controller compensating for cocaine-induced change in excitability. Using in vivo single-unit extracellular electrophysiology in isoflurane anesthetized rats, we explored the contribution of Ih on spontaneous firing patterns of VTA DA neurons. A key feature of spontaneous excitability is bursting activity; bursting is defined as trains of two or more spikes occurring within a short interval and followed by a prolonged period of inactivity. Burst activity increases the reliability of information transfer. To elucidate the contribution of Ih to spontaneous firing patterns of VTA DA neurons, we locally infused an Ih blocker (ZD 7288, 8.3 μM) and evaluated its effect. Ih blockade significantly reduced firing rate, bursting frequency, and percent of spikes within a burst. In addition, Ih blockade significantly reduced acute cocaine-induced spontaneous firing rate, bursting frequency, and percent of spikes within a burst. Using whole-cell patch-clamp, we determine the progressive reduction of Ih after acute and chronic cocaine administration (15 mg/k.g intraperitoneally). Our data show a significant reduction (~25%) in Ih amplitude after 24 but not 2 h of acute cocaine administration. These results suggest that a progressive reduction of Ih could serve as a homeostatic regulator of cocaine-induced spontaneous firing patterns related to VTA DA excitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Giulia R Fois
- University of Bordeaux, Neurodegeneratives Diseases Institute, IMN-UMR-CNRS 5293, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Neurodegeneratives Diseases Institute, IMN-UMR-CNRS 5293, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - François Georges
- University of Bordeaux, Neurodegeneratives Diseases Institute, IMN-UMR-CNRS 5293, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Neurodegeneratives Diseases Institute, IMN-UMR-CNRS 5293, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Iskhakova L, Rappel P, Deffains M, Fonar G, Marmor O, Paz R, Israel Z, Eitan R, Bergman H. Modulation of dopamine tone induces frequency shifts in cortico-basal ganglia beta oscillations. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7026. [PMID: 34857767 PMCID: PMC8640051 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Βeta oscillatory activity (human: 13-35 Hz; primate: 8-24 Hz) is pervasive within the cortex and basal ganglia. Studies in Parkinson's disease patients and animal models suggest that beta-power increases with dopamine depletion. However, the exact relationship between oscillatory power, frequency and dopamine tone remains unclear. We recorded neural activity in the cortex and basal ganglia of healthy non-human primates while acutely and chronically up- and down-modulating dopamine levels. We assessed changes in beta oscillations in patients with Parkinson's following acute and chronic changes in dopamine tone. Here we show beta oscillation frequency is strongly coupled with dopamine tone in both monkeys and humans. Power, coherence between single-units and local field potentials (LFP), spike-LFP phase-locking, and phase-amplitude coupling are not systematically regulated by dopamine levels. These results demonstrate that beta frequency is a key property of pathological oscillations in cortical and basal ganglia networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Iskhakova
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - P Rappel
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Deffains
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5293, IMN, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, UMR 5293, IMN, Bordeaux, France
| | - G Fonar
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - O Marmor
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R Paz
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Z Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R Eitan
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Jerusalem Mental Health Center, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Bergman
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Du Y, Lee YB, Graves SM. Chronic methamphetamine-induced neurodegeneration: Differential vulnerability of ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta dopamine neurons. Neuropharmacology 2021; 200:108817. [PMID: 34610287 PMCID: PMC8556701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (meth) increases monoamine oxidase (MAO)-dependent mitochondrial stress in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) axons; chronic administration produces SNc degeneration that is prevented by MAO inhibition suggesting that MAO-dependent axonal mitochondrial stress is a causal factor. To test whether meth similarly increases mitochondrial stress in ventral tegmental area (VTA) axons, we used a genetically encoded redox biosensor to assess mitochondrial stress ex vivo. Meth increased MAO-dependent mitochondrial stress in both SNc and VTA axons. However, despite having the same meth-induced stress as SNc neurons, VTA neurons were resistant to chronic meth-induced degeneration indicating that meth-induced MAO-dependent mitochondrial stress in axons was necessary but not sufficient for degeneration. To determine whether L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent stress differentiates SNc and VTA axons, as reported in the soma, the L-type Ca2+ channel activator Bay K8644 was used. Opening L-type Ca2+ channels increased axonal mitochondrial stress in SNc but not VTA axons. To first determine whether mitochondrial stress was necessary for SNc degeneration, mice were treated with the mitochondrial antioxidant mitoTEMPO. Chronic meth-induced SNc degeneration was prevented by mitoTEMPO thereby confirming the necessity of mitochondrial stress. Similar to results with the antioxidant, both MAO inhibition and L-type Ca2+ channel inhibition also prevented SNc degeneration. Taken together the presented data demonstrate that both MAO- and L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent mitochondrial stress is necessary for chronic meth-induced degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - You Bin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Steven M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Castillo Díaz F, Caffino L, Fumagalli F. Bidirectional role of dopamine in learning and memory-active forgetting. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:953-963. [PMID: 34655655 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons projecting from the Substantia Nigra to the Striatum play a critical role in motor functions while dopaminergic neurons originating in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) and projecting to the Nucleus Accumbens, Hippocampus and other cortical structures regulate rewarding learning. While VTA mainly consists of dopaminergic neurons, excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (GABA) VTA-neurons have also been described: these neurons may also modulate and contribute to shape the final dopaminergic response, which is critical for memory formation. However, given the large amount of information that is handled daily by our brain, it is essential that irrelevant information be deleted. Recently, apart from the well-established role of dopamine (DA) in learning, it has been shown that DA plays a critical role in the intrinsic active forgetting mechanisms that control storage information, contributing to the deletion of a consolidated memory. These new insights may be instrumental to identify therapies for those disorders that involve memory alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Castillo Díaz
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Miller DR, Bu AM, Gopinath A, Martinez LR, Khoshbouei H. Methamphetamine dysregulation of the central nervous system and peripheral immunity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 379:372-385. [PMID: 34535563 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent psychostimulant that increases extracellular monoamines such as dopamine and norepinephrine and affects multiple tissue and cell types. The reinforcing properties of METH underlie its significant abuse potential and dysregulation of peripheral immunity and central nervous system functions. Together, the constellation of METH's effects on cellular targets and regulatory processes have shown to lead to immune suppression and neurodegeneration in METH addicts and animal models of METH exposure. Here we extensively review many of the cell types and mechanisms of METH-induced dysregulation of the central nervous system and peripheral immune system. Significance Statement Emerging research has begun to show that methamphetamine not only regulates dopaminergic neuronal activity, it also affects non-neuronal brain cells, such as microglia and astrocytes as well immunological cells of the periphery. The bi-directional communication between dopaminergic neurons in the CNS and peripheral immune cells becomes dysregulated by a constellation of dysfunctional neuronal and cell types revealing multiple targets that must be considered at the interface between basic and clinical neuroscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adithya Gopinath
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dagra A, Miller DR, Lin M, Gopinath A, Shaerzadeh F, Harris S, Sorrentino ZA, Støier JF, Velasco S, Azar J, Alonge AR, Lebowitz JJ, Ulm B, Bu M, Hansen CA, Urs N, Giasson BI, Khoshbouei H. α-Synuclein-induced dysregulation of neuronal activity contributes to murine dopamine neuron vulnerability. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:76. [PMID: 34408150 PMCID: PMC8373893 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00210-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological damages and loss of function of dopamine neurons precede their demise and contribute to the early phases of Parkinson's disease. The presence of aberrant intracellular pathological inclusions of the protein α-synuclein within ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons is one of the cardinal features of Parkinson's disease. We employed molecular biology, electrophysiology, and live-cell imaging to investigate how excessive α-synuclein expression alters multiple characteristics of dopaminergic neuronal dynamics and dopamine transmission in cultured dopamine neurons conditionally expressing GCaMP6f. We found that overexpression of α-synuclein in mouse (male and female) dopaminergic neurons altered neuronal firing properties, calcium dynamics, dopamine release, protein expression, and morphology. Moreover, prolonged exposure to the D2 receptor agonist, quinpirole, rescues many of the alterations induced by α-synuclein overexpression. These studies demonstrate that α-synuclein dysregulation of neuronal activity contributes to the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons and that modulation of D2 receptor activity can ameliorate the pathophysiology. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the insidious changes in dopaminergic neuronal activity and neuronal loss that characterize Parkinson's disease progression with significant therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Dagra
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Douglas R. Miller
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Min Lin
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Adithya Gopinath
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Fatemeh Shaerzadeh
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Sharonda Harris
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Zachary A. Sorrentino
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Jonatan Fullerton Støier
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XMolecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophia Velasco
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Janelle Azar
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Adetola R. Alonge
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Joseph J. Lebowitz
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Brittany Ulm
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Mengfei Bu
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Carissa A. Hansen
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Nikhil Urs
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Benoit I. Giasson
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Graves SM, Schwarzschild SE, Tai RA, Chen Y, Surmeier DJ. Mitochondrial oxidant stress mediates methamphetamine neurotoxicity in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 156:105409. [PMID: 34082123 PMCID: PMC8686177 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine abuse is associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, it was found that methamphetamine increases mitochondrial oxidant stress in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons by releasing vesicular dopamine (DA) and stimulating mitochondrially-anchored monoamine oxidase (MAO). As mitochondrial oxidant stress is widely thought to be a driver of SNc degeneration in PD, these observations provide a potential explanation for the epidemiological linkage. To test this hypothesis, mice were administered methamphetamine (5 mg/kg) for 28 consecutive days with or without pretreatment with an irreversible MAO inhibitor. Chronic methamphetamine administration resulted in the degeneration of SNc dopaminergic neurons and this insult was blocked by pretreatment with a MAO inhibitor - confirming the linkage between methamphetamine, MAO and SNc degeneration. To determine if shorter bouts of consumption were as damaging, mice were given methamphetamine for two weeks and then studied. Methamphetamine treatment elevated both axonal and somatic mitochondrial oxidant stress in SNc dopaminergic neurons, was associated with a modest but significant increase in firing frequency, and caused degeneration after drug cessation. While axonal stress was sensitive to MAO inhibition, somatic stress was sensitive to Cav1 Ca2+ channel inhibition. Inhibiting either MAO or Cav1 Ca2+ channels after methamphetamine treatment attenuated subsequent SNc degeneration. Our results not only establish a mechanistic link between methamphetamine abuse and PD, they point to pharmacological strategies that could lessen PD risk for patients with a methamphetamine use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Sarah E Schwarzschild
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America
| | - Rex A Tai
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gordián-Vélez WJ, Chouhan D, España RA, Chen HI, Burdick JA, Duda JE, Cullen DK. Restoring lost nigrostriatal fibers in Parkinson's disease based on clinically-inspired design criteria. Brain Res Bull 2021; 175:168-185. [PMID: 34332016 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease affecting around 10 million people worldwide. The death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the axonal fibers that constitute the nigrostriatal pathway leads to a loss of dopamine in the striatum that causes the motor symptoms of this disease. Traditional treatments have focused on reducing symptoms, while therapies with human fetal or stem cell-derived neurons have centered on implanting these cells in the striatum to restore its innervation. An alternative approach is pathway reconstruction, which aims to rebuild the entire structure of neurons and axonal fibers of the nigrostriatal pathway in a way that matches its anatomy and physiology. This type of repair could be more capable of reestablishing the signaling mechanisms that ensure proper dopamine release in the striatum and regulation of other motor circuit regions in the brain. In this manuscript, we conduct a review of the literature related to pathway reconstruction as a treatment for Parkinson's disease, delve into the limitations of these studies, and propose the requisite design criteria to achieve this goal at a human scale. We then present our tissue engineering-based platform to fabricate hydrogel-encased dopaminergic axon tracts in vitro for later implantation into the brain to replace and reconstruct the pathway. These tissue-engineered nigrostriatal pathways (TE-NSPs) can be characterized and optimized for cell number and phenotype, axon growth lengths and rates, and the capacity for synaptic connectivity and dopamine release. We then show original data of advances in creating these constructs matching clinical design criteria using human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons and a hyaluronic acid hydrogel. We conclude with a discussion of future steps that are needed to further optimize human-scale TE-NSPs and translate them into clinical products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wisberty J Gordián-Vélez
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dimple Chouhan
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rodrigo A España
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - H Isaac Chen
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John E Duda
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - D Kacy Cullen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Miller DR, Guenther DT, Maurer AP, Hansen CA, Zalesky A, Khoshbouei H. Dopamine Transporter Is a Master Regulator of Dopaminergic Neural Network Connectivity. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5453-5470. [PMID: 33980544 PMCID: PMC8221606 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0223-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) exhibit spontaneous firing activity. The dopaminergic neurons in these regions have been shown to exhibit differential sensitivity to neuronal loss and psychostimulants targeting dopamine transporter. However, it remains unclear whether these regional differences scale beyond individual neuronal activity to regional neuronal networks. Here, we used live-cell calcium imaging to show that network connectivity greatly differs between SNC and VTA regions with higher incidence of hub-like neurons in the VTA. Specifically, the frequency of hub-like neurons was significantly lower in SNC than in the adjacent VTA, consistent with the interpretation of a lower network resilience to SNC neuronal loss. We tested this hypothesis, in DAT-cre/loxP-GCaMP6f mice of either sex, when activity of an individual dopaminergic neuron is suppressed, through whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology, in either SNC or VTA networks. Neuronal loss in the SNC increased network clustering, whereas the larger number of hub-neurons in the VTA overcompensated by decreasing network clustering in the VTA. We further show that network properties are regulatable via a dopamine transporter but not a D2 receptor dependent mechanism. Our results demonstrate novel regulatory mechanisms of functional network topology in dopaminergic brain regions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this work, we begin to untangle the differences in complex network properties between the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) and VTA, that may underlie differential sensitivity between regions. The methods and analysis employed provide a springboard for investigations of network topology in multiple deep brain structures and disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Miller
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Dylan T Guenther
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrew P Maurer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Carissa A Hansen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ferré S, Guitart X, Quiroz C, Rea W, García-Malo C, Garcia-Borreguero D, Allen RP, Earley CJ. Akathisia and Restless Legs Syndrome: Solving the Dopaminergic Paradox. Sleep Med Clin 2021; 16:249-267. [PMID: 33985651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Akathisia is an urgent need to move that is associated with treatment with dopamine receptor blocking agents (DRBAs) and with restless legs syndrome (RLS). The pathogenetic mechanism of akathisia has not been resolved. This article proposes that it involves an increased presynaptic dopaminergic transmission in the ventral striatum and concomitant strong activation of postsynaptic dopamine D1 receptors, which form complexes (heteromers) with dopamine D3 and adenosine A1 receptors. It also proposes that in DRBA-induced akathisia, increased dopamine release depends on inactivation of autoreceptors, whereas in RLS it depends on a brain iron deficiency-induced down-regulation of striatal presynaptic A1 receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Triad Building, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Xavier Guitart
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Triad Building, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - César Quiroz
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Triad Building, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - William Rea
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Triad Building, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Celia García-Malo
- Sleep Research Institute, Paseo de la Habana 151, Madrid 28036, Spain
| | | | - Richard P Allen
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Christopher J Earley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hikima T, Lee CR, Witkovsky P, Chesler J, Ichtchenko K, Rice ME. Activity-dependent somatodendritic dopamine release in the substantia nigra autoinhibits the releasing neuron. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108951. [PMID: 33826884 PMCID: PMC8189326 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatodendritic dopamine (DA) release from midbrain DA neurons activates D2 autoreceptors on these cells to regulate their activity. However, the source of autoregulatory DA remains controversial. Here, we test the hypothesis that D2 autoreceptors on a given DA neuron in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) are activated primarily by DA released from that same cell, rather than from its neighbors. Voltage-clamp recording allows monitoring of evoked D2-receptor-mediated inhibitory currents (D2ICs) in SNc DA neurons as an index of DA release. Single-cell application of antibodies to Na+ channels via the recording pipette decreases spontaneous activity of recorded neurons and attenuates evoked D2ICs; antibodies to SNAP-25, a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein, also decrease D2IC amplitude. Evoked D2ICs are nearly abolished by the light chain of botulinum neurotoxin A, which cleaves SNAP-25, whereas synaptically activated GABAB-receptor-mediated currents are unaffected. Thus, somatodendritic DA release in the SNc autoinhibits the neuron that releases it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hikima
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Christian R Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paul Witkovsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Julia Chesler
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Konstantin Ichtchenko
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Margaret E Rice
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dong J, Hawes S, Wu J, Le W, Cai H. Connectivity and Functionality of the Globus Pallidus Externa Under Normal Conditions and Parkinson's Disease. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:645287. [PMID: 33737869 PMCID: PMC7960779 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.645287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The globus pallidus externa (GPe) functions as a central hub in the basal ganglia for processing motor and non-motor information through the creation of complex connections with the other basal ganglia nuclei and brain regions. Recently, with the adoption of sophisticated genetic tools, substantial advances have been made in understanding the distinct molecular, anatomical, electrophysiological, and functional properties of GPe neurons and non-neuronal cells. Impairments in dopamine transmission in the basal ganglia contribute to Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common movement disorder that severely affects the patients' life quality. Altered GPe neuron activity and synaptic connections have also been found in both PD patients and pre-clinical models. In this review, we will summarize the main findings on the composition, connectivity and functionality of different GPe cell populations and the potential GPe-related mechanisms of PD symptoms to better understand the cell type and circuit-specific roles of GPe in both normal and PD conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Transgenic Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sarah Hawes
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Transgenic Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Junbing Wu
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases & Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Medical School of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Transgenic Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mannal N, Kleiner K, Fauler M, Dougalis A, Poetschke C, Liss B. Multi-Electrode Array Analysis Identifies Complex Dopamine Responses and Glucose Sensing Properties of Substantia Nigra Neurons in Mouse Brain Slices. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:635050. [PMID: 33716704 PMCID: PMC7952765 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.635050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic (DA) midbrain neurons within the substantia nigra (SN) display an autonomous pacemaker activity that is crucial for dopamine release and voluntary movement control. Their progressive degeneration is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Their metabolically demanding activity-mode affects Ca2+ homeostasis, elevates metabolic stress, and renders SN DA neurons particularly vulnerable to degenerative stressors. Accordingly, their activity is regulated by complex mechanisms, notably by dopamine itself, via inhibitory D2-autoreceptors and the neuroprotective neuronal Ca2+ sensor NCS-1. Analyzing regulation of SN DA neuron activity-pattern is complicated by their high vulnerability. We studied this activity and its control by dopamine, NCS-1, and glucose with extracellular multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings from midbrain slices of juvenile and adult mice. Our tailored MEA- and spike sorting-protocols allowed high throughput and long recording times. According to individual dopamine-responses, we identified two distinct SN cell-types, in similar frequency: dopamine-inhibited and dopamine-excited neurons. Dopamine-excited neurons were either silent in the absence of dopamine, or they displayed pacemaker-activities, similar to that of dopamine-inhibited neurons. Inhibition of pacemaker-activity by dopamine is typical for SN DA neurons, and it can undergo prominent desensitization. We show for adult mice, that the number of SN DA neurons with desensitized dopamine-inhibition was increased (~60–100%) by a knockout of NCS-1, or by prevention of NCS-1 binding to D2-autoreceptors, while time-course and degrees of desensitization were not altered. The number of neurons with desensitized D2-responses was also higher (~65%) at high glucose-levels (25 mM), compared to lower glucose (2.5 mM), while again desensitization-kinetics were unaltered. However, spontaneous firing-rates were significantly higher at high glucose-levels (~20%). Moreover, transient glucose-deprivation (1 mM) induced a fast and fully-reversible pacemaker frequency reduction. To directly address and quantify glucose-sensing properties of SN DA neurons, we continuously monitored their electrical activity, while altering extracellular glucose concentrations stepwise from 0.5 mM up to 25 mM. SN DA neurons were excited by glucose, with EC50 values ranging from 0.35 to 2.3 mM. In conclusion, we identified a novel, common subtype of dopamine-excited SN neurons, and a complex, joint regulation of dopamine-inhibited neurons by dopamine and glucose, within the range of physiological brain glucose-levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Mannal
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Michael Fauler
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Birgit Liss
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Linacre and New College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Qiao Y, Brodnik ZD, Zhao S, Trueblood CT, Li Z, Tom VJ, España RA, Hou S. Spinal Dopaminergic Mechanisms Regulating the Micturition Reflex in Male Rats with Complete Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:803-817. [PMID: 33297828 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) often causes micturition dysfunction. We recently discovered a low level of spinally-derived dopamine (DA) that regulates recovered bladder and sphincter reflexes in SCI female rats. Considering substantial sexual dimorphic features in the lower urinary tract, it is unknown if the DA-ergic mechanisms act in the male. Histological analysis showed a similar distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)+ neurons in the lower cord of male rats and the number increased following thoracic SCI. Subsequently, focal electrical stimulation in slices obtained from L6/S1 spinal segments of SCI rats elicited detectable DA release with fast scan cyclic voltammetry. Using bladder cystometrogram and external urethral sphincter (EUS) electromyography in SCI male rats, intravenous (i.v.) administration of SCH 23390, a D1-like receptor (DR1) antagonist, induced significantly increased tonic EUS activity and a trend of increased residual volume, whereas activation of these receptors with SKF 38393 did not influence the reflex. Meanwhile, blocking spinal D2-like receptors (DR2) with remoxipride had no effect but stimulating these receptors with quinpirole elicited EUS bursting to increase voiding volume. Further, intrathecal delivery of SCH 23390 and quinpirole resulted in similar responses to those with i.v. delivery, respectively, which indicates the central action regardless of delivery route. In addition, metabolic cage assays showed that quinpirole increased the voiding frequency and total voiding volume in spontaneous micturition. Collectively, spinal DA-ergic machinery regulates recovered micturition reflex following SCI in male rats; spinal DR1 tonically suppress tonic EUS activity to enable voiding and activation of DR2 facilitates voiding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qiao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Zachary D Brodnik
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shunyi Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cameron T Trueblood
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhenzhong Li
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Veronica J Tom
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rodrigo A España
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shaoping Hou
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hirano AA, Vuong HE, Kornmann HL, Schietroma C, Stella SL, Barnes S, Brecha NC. Vesicular Release of GABA by Mammalian Horizontal Cells Mediates Inhibitory Output to Photoreceptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:600777. [PMID: 33335476 PMCID: PMC7735995 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.600777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Feedback inhibition by horizontal cells regulates rod and cone photoreceptor calcium channels that control their release of the neurotransmitter glutamate. This inhibition contributes to synaptic gain control and the formation of the center-surround antagonistic receptive fields passed on to all downstream neurons, which is important for contrast sensitivity and color opponency in vision. In contrast to the plasmalemmal GABA transporter found in non-mammalian horizontal cells, there is evidence that the mechanism by which mammalian horizontal cells inhibit photoreceptors involves the vesicular release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Historically, inconsistent findings of GABA and its biosynthetic enzyme, L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in horizontal cells, and the apparent lack of surround response block by GABAergic agents diminished support for GABA's role in feedback inhibition. However, the immunolocalization of the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) in the dendritic and axonal endings of horizontal cells that innervate photoreceptor terminals suggested GABA was released via vesicular exocytosis. To test the idea that GABA is released from vesicles, we localized GABA and GAD, multiple SNARE complex proteins, synaptic vesicle proteins, and Cav channels that mediate exocytosis to horizontal cell dendritic tips and axonal terminals. To address the perceived relative paucity of synaptic vesicles in horizontal cell endings, we used conical electron tomography on mouse and guinea pig retinas that revealed small, clear-core vesicles, along with a few clathrin-coated vesicles and endosomes in horizontal cell processes within photoreceptor terminals. Some small-diameter vesicles were adjacent to the plasma membrane and plasma membrane specializations. To assess vesicular release, a functional assay involving incubation of retinal slices in luminal VGAT-C antibodies demonstrated vesicles fused with the membrane in a depolarization- and calcium-dependent manner, and these labeled vesicles can fuse multiple times. Finally, targeted elimination of VGAT in horizontal cells resulted in a loss of tonic, autaptic GABA currents, and of inhibitory feedback modulation of the cone photoreceptor Cai, consistent with the elimination of GABA release from horizontal cell endings. These results in mammalian retina identify the central role of vesicular release of GABA from horizontal cells in the feedback inhibition of photoreceptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arlene A. Hirano
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Helen E. Vuong
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Helen L. Kornmann
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cataldo Schietroma
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Salvatore L. Stella
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Steven Barnes
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas C. Brecha
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Calipari ES. Dopamine Release in the Midbrain Promotes Anxiety. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:815-817. [PMID: 33153526 PMCID: PMC7687288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin S. Calipari
- Departments of Pharmacology, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Corresponding Author Erin S. Calipari, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Department for Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 865F Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, Phone: 615-343-5792,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wiencke K, Horstmann A, Mathar D, Villringer A, Neumann J. Dopamine release, diffusion and uptake: A computational model for synaptic and volume transmission. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008410. [PMID: 33253315 PMCID: PMC7728201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational modeling of dopamine transmission is challenged by complex underlying mechanisms. Here we present a new computational model that (I) simultaneously regards release, diffusion and uptake of dopamine, (II) considers multiple terminal release events and (III) comprises both synaptic and volume transmission by incorporating the geometry of the synaptic cleft. We were able to validate our model in that it simulates concentration values comparable to physiological values observed in empirical studies. Further, although synaptic dopamine diffuses into extra-synaptic space, our model reflects a very localized signal occurring on the synaptic level, i.e. synaptic dopamine release is negligibly recognized by neighboring synapses. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests that cognitive performance can be predicted by signal variability of neuroimaging data (e.g. BOLD). Signal variability in target areas of dopaminergic neurons (striatum, cortex) may arise from dopamine concentration variability. On that account we compared spatio-temporal variability in a simulation mimicking normal dopamine transmission in striatum to scenarios of enhanced dopamine release and dopamine uptake inhibition. We found different variability characteristics between the three settings, which may in part account for differences in empirical observations. From a clinical perspective, differences in striatal dopaminergic signaling contribute to differential learning and reward processing, with relevant implications for addictive- and compulsive-like behavior. Specifically, dopaminergic tone is assumed to impact on phasic dopamine and hence on the integration of reward-related signals. However, in humans DA tone is classically assessed using PET, which is an indirect measure of endogenous DA availability and suffers from temporal and spatial resolution issues. We discuss how this can lead to discrepancies with observations from other methods such as microdialysis and show how computational modeling can help to refine our understanding of DA transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Wiencke
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette Horstmann
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki
| | - David Mathar
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
- Mind & Brain Institute, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jane Neumann
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Labouesse MA, Cola RB, Patriarchi T. GPCR-Based Dopamine Sensors-A Detailed Guide to Inform Sensor Choice for In vivo Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8048. [PMID: 33126757 PMCID: PMC7672611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how dopamine (DA) encodes behavior depends on technologies that can reliably monitor DA release in freely-behaving animals. Recently, red and green genetically encoded sensors for DA (dLight, GRAB-DA) were developed and now provide the ability to track release dynamics at a subsecond resolution, with submicromolar affinity and high molecular specificity. Combined with rapid developments in in vivo imaging, these sensors have the potential to transform the field of DA sensing and DA-based drug discovery. When implementing these tools in the laboratory, it is important to consider there is not a 'one-size-fits-all' sensor. Sensor properties, most importantly their affinity and dynamic range, must be carefully chosen to match local DA levels. Molecular specificity, sensor kinetics, spectral properties, brightness, sensor scaffold and pharmacology can further influence sensor choice depending on the experimental question. In this review, we use DA as an example; we briefly summarize old and new techniques to monitor DA release, including DA biosensors. We then outline a map of DA heterogeneity across the brain and provide a guide for optimal sensor choice and implementation based on local DA levels and other experimental parameters. Altogether this review should act as a tool to guide DA sensor choice for end-users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie A. Labouesse
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Reto B. Cola
- Anatomy and Program in Neuroscience, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang R, Hausknecht KA, Gancarz-Kausch AM, Oubraim S, Shen RY, Haj-Dahmane S. Cocaine self-administration abolishes endocannabinoid-mediated long-term depression of glutamatergic synapses in the ventral tegmental area. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:4517-4524. [PMID: 32959420 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse, including cocaine, alter the mechanisms underpinning synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation of glutamatergic synapses in the mesolimbic system. These effects are thought to underlie addictive behaviors. In the ventral tegmental area (VTA), glutamatergic synapses also exhibit long-term depression (LTD), a type of plasticity that weakens synaptic strength. This form of synaptic plasticity is induced by low-frequency stimulation and mediated by endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling, which also modulates addictive behaviors. However, it remains unknown whether eCB-LTD in the VTA could be altered by cocaine use. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to examine the impact of cocaine self-administration on eCB-LTD of glutamatergic synapses onto VTA dopaminergic (DA) neurons. To that end, male rats underwent cocaine (0.75 mg/kg/infusion) or saline self-administration under the fixed ratio 1 schedule for 6-9 days. One day after the last self-administration session, the magnitude of eCB-LTD was examined using ex vivo whole-cell recordings of putative VTA DA neurons from naïve rats and rats with saline or cocaine self-administration. The results revealed that cocaine self-administration abolished eCB-LTD. The cocaine-induced blockade of eCB-LTD in the VTA was mediated by an impaired function of presynaptic CB1 receptors. Collectively, these findings indicate that cocaine exposure blunts eCB-mediated synaptic plasticity in midbrain DA neurons. This effect could be one of the cellular mechanisms that mediate, at least in part, addictive behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn A Hausknecht
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Amy M Gancarz-Kausch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Psychology, California State University Bakersfield, Bakersfield, CA, USA
| | - Saida Oubraim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Roh-Yu Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Samir Haj-Dahmane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen R, Ferris MJ, Wang S. Dopamine D2 autoreceptor interactome: Targeting the receptor complex as a strategy for treatment of substance use disorder. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107583. [PMID: 32473160 PMCID: PMC7434700 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine D2 autoreceptors (D2ARs), located in somatodendritic and axon terminal compartments of dopamine (DA) neurons, function to provide a negative feedback regulatory control on DA neuron firing, DA synthesis, reuptake and release. Dysregulation of D2AR-mediated DA signaling is implicated in vulnerability to substance use disorder (SUD). Due to the extreme low abundance of D2ARs compared to postsynaptic D2 receptors (D2PRs) and the lack of experimental tools to differentiate the signaling of D2ARs from D2PRs, the regulation of D2ARs by drugs of abuse is poorly understood. The recent availability of conditional D2AR knockout mice and newly developed virus-mediated gene delivery approaches have provided means to specifically study the function of D2ARs at the molecular, cellular and behavioral levels. There is a growing revelation of novel mechanisms and new proteins that mediate D2AR activity, suggesting that D2ARs act cooperatively with an array of membrane and intracellular proteins to tightly control DA transmission. This review highlights D2AR-interacting partners including transporters, G-protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, intracellular signaling modulators, and protein kinases. The complexity of the D2AR interaction network illustrates the functional divergence of D2ARs. Pharmacological targeting of multiple D2AR-interacting partners may be more effective to restore disrupted DA homeostasis by drugs of abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States of America; Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction Treatment, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States of America.
| | - Mark J Ferris
- Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States of America; Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction Treatment, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Shahbazian S, Bokiniec P, Berning BA, McMullan S, Goodchild AK. Polysialic acid in the rat brainstem and thoracolumbar spinal cord: Distribution, cellular location, and comparison with mouse. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:811-827. [PMID: 32656805 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia), a homopolymer of α2,8-linked glycans, is a posttranslational modification on a few glycoproteins, most commonly in the brain, on the neural cell adhesion molecule. Most research in the adult central nervous system has focused on its expression in higher brain regions, where its distribution coincides with regions known to exhibit high levels of synaptic plasticity. In contrast, scant attention has been paid to the expression of polySia in the hindbrain. The main aims of the study were to examine the distribution of polySia immunoreactivity in the brainstem and thoracolumbar spinal cord, to compare the distribution of polySia revealed by two commercial antibodies commonly used for its investigation, and to compare labeling in the rat and mouse. We present a comprehensive atlas of polySia immunoreactivity: we report that polySia labeling is particularly dense in the dorsal tegmentum, medial vestibular nuclei and lateral parabrachial nucleus, and in brainstem regions associated with autonomic function, including the dorsal vagal complex, A5, rostral ventral medulla, A1, and midline raphe, as well as sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord and central targets of primary sensory afferents (nucleus of the solitary tract, spinal trigeminal nucleus, and dorsal horn [DH]). Ultrastructural examination showed labeling was present predominantly on the plasma membrane/within the extracellular space/in or on astrocytes. Labeling throughout the brainstem and spinal cord were very similar for the two antibodies and was eliminated by the polySia-specific sialidase, Endo-NF. Similar patterns of distribution were found in rat and mouse brainstem with differences evident in DH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shila Shahbazian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillip Bokiniec
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britt A Berning
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon McMullan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ann K Goodchild
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dinarvand M, Elizarova S, Daniel J, Kruss S. Imaging of Monoamine Neurotransmitters with Fluorescent Nanoscale Sensors. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1465-1480. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meshkat Dinarvand
- Institute of Physical ChemistryGöttingen University Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sofia Elizarova
- Department of Molecular NeurobiologyMax Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - James Daniel
- Department of Molecular NeurobiologyMax Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Institute of Physical ChemistryGöttingen University Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pietrancosta N, Djibo M, Daumas S, El Mestikawy S, Erickson JD. Molecular, Structural, Functional, and Pharmacological Sites for Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Regulation. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3118-3142. [PMID: 32474835 PMCID: PMC7261050 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) control quantal size of glutamatergic transmission and have been the center of numerous studies over the past two decades. VGLUTs contain two independent transport modes that facilitate glutamate packaging into synaptic vesicles and phosphate (Pi) ion transport into the synaptic terminal. While a transmembrane proton electrical gradient established by a vacuolar-type ATPase powers vesicular glutamate transport, recent studies indicate that binding sites and flux properties for chloride, potassium, and protons within VGLUTs themselves regulate VGLUT activity as well. These intrinsic ionic binding and flux properties of VGLUTs can therefore be modulated by neurophysiological conditions to affect levels of glutamate available for release from synapses. Despite their extraordinary importance, specific and high-affinity pharmacological compounds that interact with these sites and regulate VGLUT function, distinguish between the various modes of transport, and the different isoforms themselves, are lacking. In this review, we provide an overview of the physiologic sites for VGLUT regulation that could modulate glutamate release in an over-active synapse or in a disease state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. .,Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS, LBM, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Mahamadou Djibo
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, LCBPT, UMR 8601, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Daumas
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. .,Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 boulevard Lasalle, Verdun, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey D Erickson
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Grieb ZA, Vitale EM, Morrell JI, Lonstein JS, Pereira M. Decreased mesolimbic dopaminergic signaling underlies the waning of maternal caregiving across the postpartum period in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1107-1119. [PMID: 31927604 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) signaling is essential for the high maternal caregiving characteristic of the early postpartum period, but little is known about dopamine's role in the expression of maternal caregiving thereafter. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that decreased mesolimbic dopaminergic signaling is particularly responsible for the natural decline in maternal caregiving that occurs as the postpartum period progresses. METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) mother rats received intraperitoneal injections of either vehicle, the DA D1 receptor agonist SKF38393, the DA D2 receptor agonist quinpirole, or both agonists twice daily from postpartum days 9 to 15. In a separate experiment involving Long-Evans (LE) rats, we examined whether DA D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs in the nucleus accumbens (NA) shell and ventral tegmental area (VTA), along with DA turnover in the VTA, decline across the postpartum period in parallel with the decreasing maternal behavior. RESULTS All drug treatments significantly maintained higher frequencies of active maternal behaviors (nesting, pup licking, retrieval) compared to vehicle. Furthermore, the majority of mothers treated with SKF38393 either alone or combined with quinpirole maintained full expression of maternal behavior during behavioral testing. D2 receptor mRNA levels were found to be lower in the late postpartum NA shell and VTA compared to early postpartum, but D1 receptor mRNA levels in the NA shell were higher in the late postpartum period. Furthermore, both late postpartum and recently parturient LE mothers had higher VTA DA turnover compared to nulliparae, suggesting changes in mesolimbic signal-to-noise ratio both at the end and beginning of motherhood. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results suggest that alterations in mesolimbic DA is part of the neural substrate responsible for dynamic maternal caregiving across the entire postpartum period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Grieb
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 108 Giltner Hall, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. .,Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 880 Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Erika M Vitale
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Joan I Morrell
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Joseph S Lonstein
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 108 Giltner Hall, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Mariana Pereira
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 535 Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Benkert J, Hess S, Roy S, Beccano-Kelly D, Wiederspohn N, Duda J, Simons C, Patil K, Gaifullina A, Mannal N, Dragicevic E, Spaich D, Müller S, Nemeth J, Hollmann H, Deuter N, Mousba Y, Kubisch C, Poetschke C, Striessnig J, Pongs O, Schneider T, Wade-Martins R, Patel S, Parlato R, Frank T, Kloppenburg P, Liss B. Cav2.3 channels contribute to dopaminergic neuron loss in a model of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5094. [PMID: 31704946 PMCID: PMC6841684 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra causes the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The mechanisms underlying this age-dependent and region-selective neurodegeneration remain unclear. Here we identify Cav2.3 channels as regulators of nigral neuronal viability. Cav2.3 transcripts were more abundant than other voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in mouse nigral neurons and upregulated during aging. Plasmalemmal Cav2.3 protein was higher than in dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area, which do not degenerate in Parkinson's disease. Cav2.3 knockout reduced activity-associated nigral somatic Ca2+ signals and Ca2+-dependent after-hyperpolarizations, and afforded full protection from degeneration in vivo in a neurotoxin Parkinson's mouse model. Cav2.3 deficiency upregulated transcripts for NCS-1, a Ca2+-binding protein implicated in neuroprotection. Conversely, NCS-1 knockout exacerbated nigral neurodegeneration and downregulated Cav2.3. Moreover, NCS-1 levels were reduced in a human iPSC-model of familial Parkinson's. Thus, Cav2.3 and NCS-1 may constitute potential therapeutic targets for combatting Ca2+-dependent neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Benkert
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Hess
- Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shoumik Roy
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dayne Beccano-Kelly
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Johanna Duda
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carsten Simons
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Komal Patil
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Nadja Mannal
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elena Dragicevic
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Desirée Spaich
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sonja Müller
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Nemeth
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Helene Hollmann
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nora Deuter
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yassine Mousba
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Joerg Striessnig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Olaf Pongs
- Institute of Physiology, CIPMM, University of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Toni Schneider
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Rosanna Parlato
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias Frank
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Kloppenburg
- Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Liss
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
- New College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lebowitz JJ, Khoshbouei H. Heterogeneity of dopamine release sites in health and degeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104633. [PMID: 31698055 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite comprising only ~ 0.001% of all neurons in the human brain, ventral midbrain dopamine neurons exert a profound influence on human behavior and cognition. As a neuromodulator, dopamine selectively inhibits or enhances synaptic signaling to coordinate neural output for action, attention, and affect. Humans invariably lose brain dopamine during aging, and this can be exacerbated in disease states such as Parkinson's Disease. Further, it is well established in multiple disease states that cell loss is selective for a subset of highly sensitive neurons within the nigrostriatal dopamine tract. Regional differences in dopamine tone are regulated pre-synaptically, with subcircuits of projecting dopamine neurons exhibiting distinct molecular and physiological signatures. Specifically, proteins at dopamine release sites that synthesize and package cytosolic dopamine, modulate its release and reuptake, and alter neuronal excitability show regional differences that provide linkages to the observed sensitivity to neurodegeneration. The aim of this review is to outline the major components of dopamine homeostasis at neurotransmitter release sites and describe the regional differences most relevant to understanding why some, but not all, dopamine neurons exhibit heightened vulnerability to neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Lebowitz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cellular and Synaptic Dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease: Stepping out of the Striatum. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091005. [PMID: 31470672 PMCID: PMC6769933 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia (BG) are a collection of interconnected subcortical nuclei that participate in a great variety of functions, ranging from motor programming and execution to procedural learning, cognition, and emotions. This network is also the region primarily affected by the degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons localized in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). This degeneration causes cellular and synaptic dysfunctions in the BG network, which are responsible for the appearance of the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Dopamine (DA) modulation and the consequences of its loss on the striatal microcircuit have been extensively studied, and because of the discrete nature of DA innervation of other BG nuclei, its action outside the striatum has been considered negligible. However, there is a growing body of evidence supporting functional extrastriatal DA modulation of both cellular excitability and synaptic transmission. In this review, the functional relevance of DA modulation outside the striatum in both normal and pathological conditions will be discussed.
Collapse
|