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Wang Z, Zhou X, Kong Q, He H, Sun J, Qiu W, Zhang L, Yang M. Extracellular Vesicle Preparation and Analysis: A State-of-the-Art Review. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401069. [PMID: 38874129 PMCID: PMC11321646 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, research on Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) has gained prominence in the life sciences due to their critical roles in both health and disease states, offering promising applications in disease diagnosis, drug delivery, and therapy. However, their inherent heterogeneity and complex origins pose significant challenges to their preparation, analysis, and subsequent clinical application. This review is structured to provide an overview of the biogenesis, composition, and various sources of EVs, thereby laying the groundwork for a detailed discussion of contemporary techniques for their preparation and analysis. Particular focus is given to state-of-the-art technologies that employ both microfluidic and non-microfluidic platforms for EV processing. Furthermore, this discourse extends into innovative approaches that incorporate artificial intelligence and cutting-edge electrochemical sensors, with a particular emphasis on single EV analysis. This review proposes current challenges and outlines prospective avenues for future research. The objective is to motivate researchers to innovate and expand methods for the preparation and analysis of EVs, fully unlocking their biomedical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng Wang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Qinglong Kong
- The Second Department of Thoracic SurgeryDalian Municipal Central HospitalDalian116033P. R. China
| | - Huimin He
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Wenting Qiu
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
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2
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Schioppa T, Gaudenzi C, Zucchi G, Piserà A, Vahidi Y, Tiberio L, Sozzani S, Del Prete A, Bosisio D, Salvi V. Extracellular vesicles at the crossroad between cancer progression and immunotherapy: focus on dendritic cells. J Transl Med 2024; 22:691. [PMID: 39075551 PMCID: PMC11288070 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized heat-stable vesicles released by virtually all cells in the body, including tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs). By carrying molecules from originating cells, EVs work as cell-to-cell communicators in both homeostasis and cancer but may also represent valuable therapeutic and diagnostic tools. This review focuses on the role of tumor-derived EVs (TEVs) in the modulation of DC functions and on the therapeutic potential of both tumor- and DC-derived EVs in the context of immunotherapy and DC-based vaccine design. TEVs were originally characterized for their capability to transfer tumor antigens to DCs but are currently regarded as mainly immunosuppressive because of the expression of DC-inhibiting molecules such as PD-L1, HLA-G, PGE2 and others. However, TEVs may still represent a privileged system to deliver antigenic material to DCs upon appropriate engineering to reduce their immunosuppressive cargo or increase immunogenicity. DC-derived EVs are more promising than tumor-derived EVs since they expose antigen-loaded MHC, costimulatory molecules and NK cell-activating ligands in the absence of an immunosuppressive cargo. Moreover, DC-derived EVs possess several advantages as compared to cell-based drugs such as a higher antigen/MHC concentration and ease of manipulation and a lower sensitivity to immunosuppressive microenvironments. Preclinical models showed that DC-derived EVs efficiently activate tumor-specific NK and T cell responses either directly or indirectly by transferring antigens to tumor-infiltrating DCs. By contrast, however, phase I and II trials showed a limited clinical efficacy of EV-based anticancer vaccines. We discuss that the future of EV-based therapy depends on our capability to overcome major challenges such as a still incomplete understanding of their biology and pharmacokinetic and the lack of standardized methods for high-throughput isolation and purification. Despite this, EVs remain in the limelight as candidates for cancer immunotherapy which may outmatch cell-based strategies in the fullness of their time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Schioppa
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Gaudenzi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zucchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur- Italia, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Piserà
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur- Italia, Rome, Italy
| | - Yasmin Vahidi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Laura Tiberio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur- Italia, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy.
| | - Valentina Salvi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
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3
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Arteaga-Blanco LA, Temerozo JR, Tiné LPS, Dantas-Pereira L, Sacramento CQ, Fintelman-Rodrigues N, Toja BM, Gomes Dias SS, de Freitas CS, Espírito-Santo CC, Silva YP, Frozza RL, Bozza PT, Menna-Barreto RFS, Souza TML, Bou-Habib DC. Extracellular vesicles from primary human macrophages stimulated with VIP or PACAP mediate anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities in monocytes through NF-κB signaling pathway. Microbes Infect 2024:105400. [PMID: 39069117 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Infection by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with uncontrolled inflammatory response during COVID-19 severe disease, in which monocytes are one of the main sources of pro-inflammatory mediators leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different cells play important roles during SARS-CoV-2 infection, but investigations describing the involvement of EVs from primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) on the regulation of this infection are not available. Here, we describe the effects of EVs released by MDM stimulated with the neuropeptides VIP and PACAP on SARS-CoV-2-infected monocytes. MDM-derived EVs were isolated by differential centrifugation of medium collected from cells cultured for 24 h in serum-reduced conditions. Based on morphological properties, we distinguished two subpopulations of MDM-EVs, namely large (LEV) and small EVs (SEV). We found that MDM-derived EVs stimulated with the neuropeptides inhibited SARS-CoV-2 RNA synthesis/replication in monocytes, protected these cells from virus-induced cytopathic effects and reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. In addition, EVs derived from VIP- and PACAP-treated MDM prevented the SARS-CoV-2-induced NF-κB activation. Overall, our findings suggest that MDM-EVs are endowed with immunoregulatory properties that might contribute to the antiviral and anti-inflammatory responses in SARS-CoV-2-infected monocytes and expand our knowledge of EV effects during COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Arteaga-Blanco
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Jairo R Temerozo
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Lucas P S Tiné
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Luíza Dantas-Pereira
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Carolina Q Sacramento
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations, Center for Technological Development in Health, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations, Center for Technological Development in Health, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Toja
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Suelen Silva Gomes Dias
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Caroline S de Freitas
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | | | - Ygor P Silva
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Rudimar L Frozza
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Rubem F S Menna-Barreto
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Thiago Moreno L Souza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations, Center for Technological Development in Health, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Dumith Chequer Bou-Habib
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.
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4
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Arteaga-Blanco LA, Evans AE, Dixon DA. Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Non-Extracellular Vesicle Components from APC Min/+ Mice Promote Pro-Tumorigenic Activities and Activate Human Colonic Fibroblasts via the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Cells 2024; 13:1195. [PMID: 39056778 PMCID: PMC11274984 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide. Current studies have demonstrated that tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different cancer cell types modulate the fibroblast microenvironment to contribute to cancer development and progression. Here, we isolated and characterized circulating large EVs (LEVs), small EVs (SEVs) and non-EV entities released in the plasma from wild-type (WT) mice and the APCMin/+ CRC mice model. Our results showed that human colon fibroblasts exposed from APC-EVs, but not from WT-EVs, exhibited the phenotypes of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) through EV-mediated NF-κB pathway activation. Cytokine array analysis on secreted proteins revealed elevated levels of inflammatory cytokine implicated in cancer growth and metastasis. Finally, non-activated cells co-cultured with supernatant from fibroblasts treated with APC-EVs showed increased mRNA expressions of CAFs markers, the ECM, inflammatory cytokines, as well as the expression of genes controlled by NF-κB. Altogether, our work suggests that EVs and non-EV components from APCMin/+ mice are endowed with pro-tumorigenic activities and promoted inflammation and a CAF-like state by triggering NF-κB signaling in fibroblasts to support CRC growth and progression. These findings provide insight into the interaction between plasma-derived EVs and human cells and can be used to design new CRC diagnosis and prognosis tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew E. Evans
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Dan A. Dixon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- University of Kansas Comprehensive Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
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Rai A, Claridge B, Lozano J, Greening DW. The Discovery of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Emergence as a Next-Generation Therapy. Circ Res 2024; 135:198-221. [PMID: 38900854 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
From their humble discovery as cellular debris to cementing their natural capacity to transfer functional molecules between cells, the long-winded journey of extracellular vesicles (EVs) now stands at the precipice as a next-generation cell-free therapeutic tool to revolutionize modern-day medicine. This perspective provides a snapshot of the discovery of EVs to their emergence as a vibrant field of biology and the renaissance they usher in the field of biomedical sciences as therapeutic agents for cardiovascular pathologies. Rapid development of bioengineered EVs is providing innovative opportunities to overcome biological challenges of natural EVs such as potency, cargo loading and enhanced secretion, targeting and circulation half-life, localized and sustained delivery strategies, approaches to enhance systemic circulation, uptake and lysosomal escape, and logistical hurdles encompassing scalability, cost, and time. A multidisciplinary collaboration beyond the field of biology now extends to chemistry, physics, biomaterials, and nanotechnology, allowing rapid development of designer therapeutic EVs that are now entering late-stage human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Rai
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
| | - Bethany Claridge
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
| | - Jonathan Lozano
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., J.L., D.W.G.)
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
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6
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Wang Y, Wan Y, Zhou X, Zhang P, Zhang J. OTULIN of exosomes derived from Schwann cells promotes peripheral nerve injury repair by regulating macrophage polarization via deubiquitination of ERBB2. Neurosci Lett 2024; 833:137813. [PMID: 38723761 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
A significant public health burden is peripheral nerve damage (PNI), which is frequently brought on by trauma. Macrophages were essential to the effective regeneration of nerves and restoration of function. It is still not entirely understood how macrophages and Schwann cells interact after damage during remyelination. Here, we established an inflammatory model in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and a rat sciatic nerve damage model to investigate the possible relationship between lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced exosomes derived from Schwann cells (LPS SCs-Exos) and peripheral nerve repair. The pro-inflammatory macrophage was changed into a pro-regeneration macrophage by LPS SC-Exos. Notably, it was discovered that SC-Exos had a substantial enrichment of OTULIN. OTULIN was a key mediator in the regulatory effects of LPS SC-Exos by deubiquitinating ERBB2 and preventing its degradation. The local injection of SC-Exos into the nerve damage site led in a faster functional recovery, axon regeneration and remyelination, and an increased M2 macrophage polarization, whereas OTULIN knockdown reversed these effects in vivo. Our results indicate that LPS SC-Exos may offer a therapeutic avenue for peripheral nerve regeneration by promoting macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype through the shuttling of OTULIN and deubiquitination of ERBB2. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: OTULIN protein from SC-Exos mediated the macrophages polarization and axonal growth in BMDMs through promoting ubiquitination of ERBB2 and triggering the degradation of ERBB2. The findings offered prospective therapeutic hints for PNI therapy approaches that target axonal regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yuehong Wan
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xinhua Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Liu X, Xiong J, Li X, Pan H, Osama H. Meta-analysis study of small extracellular vesicle nursing application therapies for healing of wounds and skin regeneration. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:346. [PMID: 38849563 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
We designed and performed this meta-analysis to investigate the impact of the application of extracellular small vesicle therapies on regeneration of skin and wound healing. The findings of this study were computed using fixed or random effect models. The mean differences (MDs), and odds ratio (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. In this study, 43 publications were included, encompassing 530 animals with artificial wounds. Small extracellular vesicle therapy had a significant greater rate of wound closure (MD, 24.0; 95% CI, 19.98-28.02, P < 0.001), lower scar width (MD, -191.33; 95%CI, -292.26--90.4, P < 0.001), and higher blood vessel density (MD,36.11; 95%CI, 19.02-53.20, P < 0.001) compared to placebo. Our data revealed that small extracellular vesicle therapy had a significantly higher regeneration of skin and healing of wounds based on the results of wound closure rate, lower scar width, and higher blood vessel density compared to placebo. Future studies with larger sample size are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Liu
- Department of NeuroSurgery, The Affiliated Chengdu 363Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No.550, Campus Road, Pi Du District, Chengdu, 611730, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of NeuroSurgery, The Affiliated Chengdu 363Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No.550, Campus Road, Pi Du District, Chengdu, 611730, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of NeuroSurgery, The Affiliated Chengdu 363Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No.550, Campus Road, Pi Du District, Chengdu, 611730, Sichuan, China
| | - Haipeng Pan
- Department of NeuroSurgery, The Affiliated Chengdu 363Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No.550, Campus Road, Pi Du District, Chengdu, 611730, Sichuan, China
| | - Hasnaa Osama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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Cheng CA. Before Translating Extracellular Vesicles into Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics: What We Could Do. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2625-2636. [PMID: 38771015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV) research is rapidly advancing from fundamental science to translational applications in EV-based personalized therapeutics and diagnostics. Yet, fundamental questions persist regarding EV biology and mechanisms, particularly concerning the heterogeneous interactions between EVs and cells. While we have made strides in understanding virus delivery and intracellular vesicle transport, our comprehension of EV trafficking remains limited. EVs are believed to mediate intercellular communication through cargo transfer, but uncertainties persist regarding the occurrence and quantification of EV-cargo delivery within acceptor cells. This ambiguity is crucial to address, given the significant translational impact of EVs on therapeutics and diagnostics. This perspective article does not seek to provide exhaustive recommendations and guidance on EV-related studies, as these are well-articulated in position papers and statements by the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), including the 'Minimum Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles' (MISEV) 2014, MISEV2018, and the recent MISEV2023. Instead, recognizing the multilayered heterogeneity of EVs as both a challenge and an opportunity, this perspective emphasizes novel approaches to facilitate our understanding of diverse EV biology, address uncertainties, and leverage this knowledge to advance EV-based personalized diagnostics and therapeutics. Specifically, this perspective synthesizes current insights, identifies opportunities, and highlights exciting technological advancements in ultrasensitive single EV or "digital" profiling developed within the author's multidisciplinary group. These newly developed technologies address technical gaps in dissecting the molecular contents of EV subsets, contributing to the evolution of EVs as next-generation liquid biopsies for diagnostics and providing better quality control for EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-An Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan
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9
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Padinharayil H, George A. Small extracellular vesicles: Multi-functional aspects in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 198:104341. [PMID: 38575042 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) impact normal and pathological cellular signaling through bidirectional trafficking. Exosomes, a subset of EVs possess biomolecules including proteins, lipids, DNA fragments and various RNA species reflecting a speculum of their parent cells. The involvement of exosomes in bidirectional communication and their biological constituents substantiate its role in regulating both physiology and pathology, including multiple cancers. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancers (85%) with high incidence, mortality and reduced overall survival. Lack of efficient early diagnostic and therapeutic tools hurdles the management of NSCLC. Interestingly, the exosomes from body fluids similarity with parent cells or tissue offers a potential future multicomponent tool for the early diagnosis of NSCLC. The structural twinning of exosomes with a cell/tissue and the competitive tumor derived exosomes in tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes the unpinning horizons of exosomes as a drug delivery, vaccine, and therapeutic agent. Exosomes in clinical point of view assist to trace: acquired resistance caused by various therapeutic agents, early diagnosis, progression, and surveillance. In an integrated approach, EV biomarkers offer potential cutting-edge techniques for the detection and diagnosis of cancer, though the purification, characterization, and biomarker identification processes for the translational research regarding EVs need further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Padinharayil
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur-05, Kerala, India
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur-05, Kerala, India.
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10
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Pordanjani PM, Bolhassani A, Pouriayevali MH, Milani A, Rezaei F. Engineered dendritic cells-derived exosomes harboring HIV-1 Nef mut-Tat fusion protein and heat shock protein 70: A promising HIV-1 safe vaccine candidate. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132236. [PMID: 38768924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Antigen presenting cells (APCs)-derived exosomes are nano-vesicles that can induce antigen-specific T cell responses, and possess therapeutic effects in clinical settings. Moreover, dendritic cells (DCs)-based vaccines have been developed to combat human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in preclinical and clinical trials. We investigated the immunostimulatory effects (B- and T-cells activities) of DCs- and exosomes-based vaccine constructs harboring HIV-1 Nefmut-Tat fusion protein as an antigen candidate and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) as an adjuvant in mice. The modified DCs and engineered exosomes harboring Nefmut-Tat protein or Hsp70 were prepared using lentiviral vectors compared to electroporation, characterized and evaluated by in vitro and in vivo immunological tests. Our data indicated that the engineered exosomes induced high levels of total IgG, IgG2a, IFN-γ, TNF-α and Granzyme B. Moreover, co-injection of exosomes harboring Hsp70 could significantly increase the secretion of antibodies, cytokines and Granzyme B. The highest levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were observed in exosomes harboring Nefmut-Tat combined with exosomes harboring Hsp70 (Exo-Nefmut-Tat + Exo-Hsp70) regimen after single-cycle replicable (SCR) HIV-1 exposure. Generally, Exo-Nefmut-Tat + Exo-Hsp70 regimen can be considered as a promising safe vaccine candidate due to high T-cells (Th1 and CTL) activity and its maintenance against SCR HIV-1 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hassan Pouriayevali
- Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Milani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Hu Q, Wang Y, Wang C, Yan X. Comparative Proteome Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles from Three Growth Phases of Haematococcus pluvialis under High Light and Sodium Acetate Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5421. [PMID: 38791459 PMCID: PMC11121785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles involved in intercellular communications that intrinsically possess many attributes as a modern drug delivery platform. Haematococcus pluvialis-derived EVs (HpEVs) can be potentially exploited as a high-value-added bioproduct during astaxanthin production. The encapsulation of HpEV cargo is a crucial key for the determination of their biological functions and therapeutic potentials. However, little is known about the composition of HpEVs, limiting insights into their biological properties and application characteristics. This study examined the protein composition of HpEVs from three growth phases of H. pluvialis grown under high light (350 µmol·m-2·s-1) and sodium acetate (45 mM) stresses. A total of 2038 proteins were identified, the majority of which were associated with biological processes including signal transduction, cell proliferation, cell metabolism, and the cell response to stress. Comparative analysis indicated that H. pluvialis cells sort variant proteins into HpEVs at different physiological states. It was revealed that HpEVs from the early growth stage of H. pluvialis contain more proteins associated with cellular functions involved in primary metabolite, cell division, and cellular energy metabolism, while HpEVs from the late growth stage of H. pluvialis were enriched in proteins involved in cell wall synthesis and secondary metabolism. This is the first study to report and compare the protein composition of HpEVs from different growth stages of H. pluvialis, providing important information on the development and production of functional microalgal-derived EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunju Hu
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Q.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Q.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Chaogang Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biological Development and Application, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Q.H.); (Y.W.)
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12
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Nair S, Razo-Azamar M, Jayabalan N, Dalgaard LT, Palacios-González B, Sørensen A, Kampmann U, Handberg A, Carrion F, Salomon C. Advances in extracellular vesicles as mediators of cell-to-cell communication in pregnancy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 76:86-98. [PMID: 38233286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication mediated by Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) is a novel and emerging area of research, especially during pregnancy, in which placenta derived EVs can facilitate the feto-maternal communication. EVs comprise a heterogeneous group of vesicle sub-populations with diverse physical and biochemical characteristics and originate by specific biogenesis mechanisms. EVs transfer molecular cargo (including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) between cells and are critical mediators of cell communication. There is growing interest among researchers to explore into the molecular cargo of EVs and their functions in a physiological and pathological context. For example, inflammatory mediators such as cytokines are shown to be released in EVs and EVs derived from immune cells play key roles in mediating the immune response as well as immunoregulatory pathways. Pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth are associated with altered levels of circulating EVs, with differential EV cargo and bioactivity in target cells. This implicates the intriguing roles of EVs in reprogramming the maternal physiology during pregnancy. Moreover, the capacity of EVs to carry bioactive molecules makes them a promising tool for biomarker development and targeted therapies in pregnancy complications. This review summarizes the physiological and pathological roles played by EVs in pregnancy and pregnancy-related disorders and describes the potential of EVs to be translated into clinical applications in the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
| | - Melissa Razo-Azamar
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN) en el Centro de Investigación sobre Envejecimiento (CIE-CINVESTAV Sede Sur), CDMX, 14330, Mexico
| | - Nanthini Jayabalan
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | | | - Berenice Palacios-González
- Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN) en el Centro de Investigación sobre Envejecimiento (CIE-CINVESTAV Sede Sur), CDMX, 14330, Mexico
| | - Anne Sørensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kampmann
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Flavio Carrion
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile.
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13
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Lundy DJ, Szomolay B, Liao CT. Systems Approaches to Cell Culture-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Acute Kidney Injury Therapy: Prospects and Challenges. FUNCTION 2024; 5:zqae012. [PMID: 38706963 PMCID: PMC11065115 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a heterogeneous syndrome, comprising diverse etiologies of kidney insults that result in high mortality and morbidity if not well managed. Although great efforts have been made to investigate underlying pathogenic mechanisms of AKI, there are limited therapeutic strategies available. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane-bound vesicles secreted by various cell types, which can serve as cell-free therapy through transfer of bioactive molecules. In this review, we first overview the AKI syndrome and EV biology, with a particular focus on the technical aspects and therapeutic application of cell culture-derived EVs. Second, we illustrate how multi-omic approaches to EV miRNA, protein, and genomic cargo analysis can yield new insights into their mechanisms of action and address unresolved questions in the field. We then summarize major experimental evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of EVs in AKI, which we subdivide into stem cell and non-stem cell-derived EVs. Finally, we highlight the challenges and opportunities related to the clinical translation of animal studies into human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lundy
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235603, Taiwan
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235603, Taiwan
- Center for Cell Therapy, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Barbara Szomolay
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Chia-Te Liao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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14
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Bu Y, Wang J, Ni S, Lu Z, Guo Y, Yobas L. High-Performance Gel-Free and Label-Free Size Fractionation of Extracellular Vesicles with Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis in a Microfluidic Artificial Sieve. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3508-3516. [PMID: 38364051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived particles that exhibit diverse sizes, molecular contents, and clinical implications for various diseases depending on their specific subpopulations. However, fractionation of EV subpopulations with high resolution, efficiency, purity, and yield remains an elusive goal due to their diminutive sizes. In this study, we introduce a novel strategy that effectively separates EV subpopulations in a gel-free and label-free manner, using two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis in a microfluidic artificial sieve. The microfabricated artificial sieve consists of periodically arranged micro-slit-well structures in a 2D array and generates an anisotropic electric field pattern to size fractionate EVs into discrete streams and steer the subpopulations into designated outlets for collection within a minute. Along with fractionating EV subpopulations, contaminants such as free proteins and short nucleic acids can be simultaneously directed to waste outlets, thus accomplishing both size fractionation and purification of EVs with high performance. Our platform offers a simple, rapid, and versatile solution for EV subpopulation isolation, which can potentially facilitate the discovery of biomarkers for specific EV subtypes and the development of EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Ni
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zechen Lu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yusong Guo
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Levent Yobas
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
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15
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Bi Y, Chen J, Li Q, Li Y, Zhang L, Zhida L, Yuan F, Zhang R. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicle drug delivery system for chemo-photothermal-immune combination cancer treatment. iScience 2024; 27:108833. [PMID: 38333709 PMCID: PMC10850737 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor extracellular vesicles (EVs) demonstrate considerable promise for medication delivery and tumor targeting owing to their natural long-term blood circulation and tissue targeting capabilities. We extracted EVs from mouse breast cancer cell 4T1 using UV stimulation and differential centrifugation. To create a new nano-drug delivery system, the vesicle delivery system (EPM) loaded with melanin and paclitaxel albumin (PA), the collected EVs were repeatedly compressed on a 200 nm porous polycarbonate membrane with melanin and PA. Our findings suggest that EPM is readily absorbed by breast cancer and dendritic cells. EPM generates significant photoacoustic signals and photothermal effects when exposed to near-infrared light and can enhance the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in mouse tumor tissues. EPM is more cytotoxic than PA in in vivo and in vitro investigations. The efficacy of EPM in clinical transformation when paired with chemotherapy/photothermal/immunotherapy treatment is demonstrated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Bi
- Center of Gene Sequencing, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, P.R. China
| | - Jieya Chen
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences,Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Center of Gene Sequencing, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research of Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Liu Zhida
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Fajia Yuan
- Shanxi Jinzhong Health School, Jinzhong 030600, P.R. China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- The Radiology Department of Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
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16
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Noguchi S, Tozawa S, Sakurai T, Ohkuchi A, Takahashi H, Fujiwara H, Takizawa T. BeWo exomeres are enriched for bioactive extracellular placenta-specific C19MC miRNAs. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 161:104187. [PMID: 38199177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are carriers of extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs). Exomeres, non-vesicular extracellular nanoparticles (NVEPs), are novel extracellular cargo carriers. However, little is known of the characteristics of placental trophoblast-derived exomeres. In this study, we characterized trophoblast-derived exomeres and investigated the cell-cell communication of placenta-specific miRNAs carried by those exomeres using an in vitro model system (BeWo trophoblasts and Jurkat T cells). BeWo exomeres (∼ 40 nm diameter) had pilling-like nanoparticle structures, which were distinct from cup-shaped exosomes (∼ 90-110 nm diameter). BeWo cells secreted more exomeres than exosomes. Exomeres were positive for AGO2 but negative for exosome markers (CD63, CD9, CD81, FLOT1, and TSG101). The levels of placenta-specific miRNAs in exomeres were significantly higher than in exosomes. In a cell-cell communication analysis using a placenta-specific miRNA, BeWo exomeres delivered significantly more miR-517a-3p to recipient Jurkat cells compared with exosomes. Moreover, exomere-miR-517a-3p significantly reduced the expression of PRKG1 in miR-517a-3p-inhibitor (-) Jurkat cells compared with miR-517a-3p-inhibitor (+) cells, suggesting that miR-517a-3p inhibition reversed the exomere-miR-517a-3p-mediated repression of PRKG1 expression in recipient cells. Therefore, BeWo trophoblast exomeres are enriched with bioactive extracellular placenta-specific miRNAs, which were formerly considered to be carried by exosomes. Our findings provide insight into trophoblast-derived NVEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syunya Noguchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Shohei Tozawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Takanobu Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Akihide Ohkuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hironori Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Takizawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
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17
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Bansal S, Rahman M, Ravichandran R, Canez J, Fleming T, Mohanakumar T. Extracellular Vesicles in Transplantation: Friend or Foe. Transplantation 2024; 108:374-385. [PMID: 37482627 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The long-term function of transplanted organs, even under immunosuppression, is hindered by rejection, especially chronic rejection. Chronic rejection occurs more frequently after lung transplantation, termed chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), than after transplantation of other solid organs. Pulmonary infection is a known risk factor for CLAD, as transplanted lungs are constantly exposed to the external environment; however, the mechanisms by which respiratory infections lead to CLAD are poorly understood. The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in transplantation remains largely unknown. Current evidence suggests that EVs released from transplanted organs can serve as friend and foe. EVs carry not only major histocompatibility complex antigens but also tissue-restricted self-antigens and various transcription factors, costimulatory molecules, and microRNAs capable of regulating alloimmune responses. EVs play an important role in antigen presentation by direct, indirect, and semidirect pathways in which CD8 and CD4 cells can be activated. During viral infections, exosomes (small EVs <200 nm in diameter) can express viral antigens and regulate immune responses. Circulating exosomes may also be a viable biomarker for other diseases and rejection after organ transplantation. Bioengineering the surface of exosomes has been proposed as a tool for targeted delivery of drugs and personalized medicine. This review focuses on recent studies demonstrating the role of EVs with a focus on exosomes and their dual role (immune activation or tolerance induction) after organ transplantation, more specifically, lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Bansal
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
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18
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Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Vilmanova S, Pifkova L, Catela Ivković T, Mᶏdrzyk M, Jugas R, Machackova T, Kotoucek J, Sachlova M, Bohovicova L, Stanek T, Halamkova J, Kiss I, Slaby O. Optimized procedure for high-throughput transcriptome profiling of small extracellular vesicles isolated from low volume serum samples. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:157-167. [PMID: 37505924 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain various signaling molecules, thus playing a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication and emerging as a promising source of biomarkers. However, the lack of standardized procedures impedes their translation to clinical practice. Thus, we compared different approaches for high-throughput analysis of small EVs transcriptome. METHODS Small EVs were isolated from 150 μL of serum. Quality and quantity were assessed by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot. Comparison of RNA extraction efficiency was performed, and expression of selected genes was analyzed by RT-qPCR. Whole transcriptome analysis was done using microarrays. RESULTS Obtained data confirmed the suitability of size exclusion chromatography for isolation of small EVs. Analyses of gene expression showed the best results in case of samples isolated by Monarch Total RNA Miniprep Kit. Totally, 7,182 transcripts were identified to be deregulated between colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls. The majority of them were non-coding RNAs with more than 70 % being lncRNAs, while protein-coding genes represented the second most common gene biotype. CONCLUSIONS We have optimized the protocol for isolation of small EVs and their RNA from low volume of sera and confirmed the suitability of Clariom D Pico Assays for transcriptome profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Vilmanova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Pifkova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tina Catela Ivković
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Mᶏdrzyk
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robin Jugas
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tana Machackova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kotoucek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milana Sachlova
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Bohovicova
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Teodor Stanek
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Halamkova
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Kiss
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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19
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Cocozza F, Martin‐Jaular L, Lippens L, Di Cicco A, Arribas YA, Ansart N, Dingli F, Richard M, Merle L, Jouve San Roman M, Poullet P, Loew D, Lévy D, Hendrix A, Kassiotis G, Joliot A, Tkach M, Théry C. Extracellular vesicles and co-isolated endogenous retroviruses from murine cancer cells differentially affect dendritic cells. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113590. [PMID: 38073509 PMCID: PMC10711651 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non-vesicular extracellular (nano)particles (NVEPs or ENPs) that may play a role in intercellular communication. Tumor-derived EVs have been proposed to induce immune priming of antigen presenting cells or to be immuno-suppressive agents. We suspect that such disparate functions are due to variable compositions in EV subtypes and ENPs. We aimed to characterize the array of secreted EVs and ENPs of murine tumor cell lines. Unexpectedly, we identified virus-like particles (VLPs) from endogenous murine leukemia virus in preparations of EVs produced by many tumor cells. We established a protocol to separate small EVs from VLPs and ENPs. We compared their protein composition and analyzed their functional interaction with target dendritic cells. ENPs were poorly captured and did not affect dendritic cells. Small EVs specifically induced dendritic cell death. A mixed large/dense EV/VLP preparation was most efficient to induce dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation. Our results call for systematic re-evaluation of the respective proportions and functions of non-viral EVs and VLPs produced by murine tumors and their contribution to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cocozza
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Lorena Martin‐Jaular
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- Institut Curie Centre de RechercheCurieCoreTech Extracellular VesiclesParisFrance
| | - Lien Lippens
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and RepairGhent University, and Cancer Research Institute GhentGhentBelgium
| | - Aurelie Di Cicco
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico‐chimie CurieParisFrance
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT‐IBiSA)ParisFrance
| | - Yago A Arribas
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Nicolas Ansart
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, CurieCoreTech Spectrométrie de Masse ProtéomiqueParisFrance
| | - Michael Richard
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, CurieCoreTech Spectrométrie de Masse ProtéomiqueParisFrance
| | - Louise Merle
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | | | - Patrick Poullet
- Institut Curie, Bioinformatics core facility (CUBIC), INSERM U900, PSL Research University, Mines Paris TechParisFrance
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, CurieCoreTech Spectrométrie de Masse ProtéomiqueParisFrance
| | - Daniel Lévy
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico‐chimie CurieParisFrance
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT‐IBiSA)ParisFrance
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and RepairGhent University, and Cancer Research Institute GhentGhentBelgium
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute and Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Alain Joliot
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Mercedes Tkach
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Clotilde Théry
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- Institut Curie Centre de RechercheCurieCoreTech Extracellular VesiclesParisFrance
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20
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He J, Du Z, Zhang H, Wang B, Xia J. Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells loaded with RVG-Lamp2b and Netrin-1 promotes Schwann cell invasion and migration. Tissue Cell 2023; 85:102219. [PMID: 37716176 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Netrin-1 has a neuroprotective effect by regulating angiogenesis, autophagy, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation. This study investigated the effects of netrin-1 delivery to mouse Schwann cells and vascular endothelial cells using exosomes modified with rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) peptides. MATERIALS AND METHODS RVG-Lamp2b and/or Netrin-1 were overexpressed in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to obtain exosomes modified with RVG-Lamp2b and/or loaded with Netrin-1. Then, exosomes were labeled with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester and co-cultured with mouse Schwann cells and endothelial cells. Netrin-1 expression in Schwann cells and endothelial cells was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Moreover, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assays and Transwell assays were used to detect proliferation, migration, and invasion of Schwann cells and endothelial cells. RESULTS Exosomes with RVG-Lamp2b entered Schwann cells more readily compared with the exosomes without RVG-Lamp2b. Meanwhile, this was not the case in endothelial cells. Netrin-1-loaded exosomes significantly promoted Netrin-1 expression, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in Schwann cells and endothelial cells. These effects were further enhanced by Netrin-1-loaded exosomes modified with RVG-Lamp2b in Schwann cells, but not in endothelial cells. CONCLUSION HucMSC-derived exosomes loaded with RVG-Lamp2b and Netrin-1 promote proliferation, migration, and invasion of Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongju Du
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jurong Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
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21
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Yokoi A, Yoshida K, Koga H, Kitagawa M, Nagao Y, Iida M, Kawaguchi S, Zhang M, Nakayama J, Yamamoto Y, Baba Y, Kajiyama H, Yasui T. Spatial exosome analysis using cellulose nanofiber sheets reveals the location heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6915. [PMID: 37938557 PMCID: PMC10632339 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are recognized as promising functional targets involved in disease mechanisms. However, the intravital heterogeneity of EVs remains unclear, and the general limitation for analyzing EVs is the need for a certain volume of biofluids. Here, we present cellulose nanofiber (CNF) sheets to resolve these issues. We show that CNF sheets capture and preserve EVs from ~10 μL of biofluid and enable the analysis of bioactive molecules inside EVs. By attaching CNF sheets to moistened organs, we collect EVs in trace amounts of ascites, which is sufficient to perform small RNA sequence analyses. In an ovarian cancer mouse model, we demonstrate that CNF sheets enable the detection of cancer-associated miRNAs from the very early phase when mice did not have apparent ascites, and that EVs from different locations have unique miRNA profiles. By performing CNF sheet analyses in patients, we identify further location-based differences in EV miRNA profiles, with profiles reflecting disease conditions. We conduct spatial exosome analyses using CNF sheets to reveal that ascites EVs from cancer patients exhibit location-dependent heterogeneity. This technique could provide insights into EV biology and suggests a clinical strategy contributing to cancer diagnosis, staging evaluation, and therapy planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yokoi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
- Nagoya University Institute for Advanced Research, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), FOREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
- Nagoya University Institute for Advanced Research, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Koga
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), FOREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masami Kitagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yukari Nagao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mikiko Iida
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shota Kawaguchi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Laboratory of Integrative Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Oncogenesis and Growth Regulation, Research Institute, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Integrative Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takao Yasui
- Nagoya University Institute for Advanced Research, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
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22
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Xavier J, Jerome W, Zaslav K, Grande D. Exosome-Laden Scaffolds for Treatment of Post-Traumatic Cartilage Injury and Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15178. [PMID: 37894859 PMCID: PMC10607649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based exosomes have garnered attention as a viable therapeutic for post-traumatic cartilage injury and osteoarthritis of the knee; however, efforts for application have been limited due to issues with variable dosing and rapid clearance in vivo. Scaffolds laden with MSC-based exosomes have recently been investigated as a solution to these issues. Here, we review in vivo studies and highlight key strengths and potential clinical uses of exosome-scaffold therapeutics for treatment of post-traumatic cartilage injury and osteoarthritis. In vivo animal studies were gathered using keywords related to the topic, revealing 466 studies after removal of duplicate papers. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied for abstract screening and full-text review. Thirteen relevant studies were identified for analysis and extraction. Three predominant scaffold subtypes were identified: hydrogels, acellular extracellular matrices, and hyaluronic acid. Each scaffold-exosome design showcased unique properties with relation to gross findings, tissue histology, biomechanics, and gene expression. All designs demonstrated a reduction in inflammation and induction of tissue regeneration. The results of our review show that current exosome-scaffold therapeutics demonstrate the capability to halt and even reverse the course of post-traumatic cartilage injury and osteoarthritis. While this treatment modality shows incredible promise, future research should aim to characterize long-term biocompatibility and optimize scaffold designs for human treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorden Xavier
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (J.X.); (W.J.)
| | - William Jerome
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (J.X.); (W.J.)
| | - Kenneth Zaslav
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, New York, NY 11030, USA;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY 10075, USA
| | - Daniel Grande
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, New York, NY 11030, USA;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New York, NY 11040, USA
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23
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Zhang J, Wu J, Wang G, He L, Zheng Z, Wu M, Zhang Y. Extracellular Vesicles: Techniques and Biomedical Applications Related to Single Vesicle Analysis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17668-17698. [PMID: 37695614 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are extensively dispersed lipid bilayer membrane vesicles involved in the delivery and transportation of molecular payloads to certain cell types to facilitate intercellular interactions. Their significant roles in physiological and pathological processes make EVs outstanding biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring as well as ideal candidates for drug delivery. Nevertheless, differences in the biogenesis processes among EV subpopulations have led to a diversity of biophysical characteristics and molecular cargos. Additionally, the prevalent heterogeneity of EVs has been found to substantially hamper the sensitivity and accuracy of disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring, thus impeding the advancement of clinical applications. In recent years, the evolution of single EV (SEV) analysis has enabled an in-depth comprehension of the physical properties, molecular composition, and biological roles of EVs at the individual vesicle level. This review examines the sample acquisition tactics prior to SEV analysis, i.e., EV isolation techniques, and outlines the current state-of-the-art label-free and label-based technologies for SEV identification. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of biomedical applications based on SEV analysis are systematically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guanzhao Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Luxuan He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqing Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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24
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Zhu J, Wu F, Li C, Mao J, Wang Y, Zhou X, Xie H, Wen C. Application of Single Extracellular Vesicle Analysis Techniques. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5365-5376. [PMID: 37750091 PMCID: PMC10518151 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s421342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid containers that are actively released by cells and contain complex molecular cargoes. These cargoes include abundant material such as genomes and proteins from cells of origin. They are involved in intercellular communication and various pathological processes, showing excellent potential for diagnosing and treating diseases. Given the significant heterogeneity of EVs in complex physiopathological processes, unveiling their composition is essential to understanding their function. Bulk detection methods have been previously used to analyze EVs, but they often mask their heterogeneity, leading to the loss of valuable information. To overcome this limitation, single extracellular vesicle (SEV) analysis techniques have been developed and advanced. These techniques allow for analyzing EVs' physical information and biometric molecules at the SEV level. This paper reviews recent advances in SEV detection methods and summarizes some clinical applications for SEV detection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junquan Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feifeng Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuifang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jueyi Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haotian Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Gutknecht MF, Holodick NE, Rothstein TL. B cell extracellular vesicles contain monomeric IgM that binds antigen and enters target cells. iScience 2023; 26:107526. [PMID: 37636058 PMCID: PMC10448175 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The production and release of small phospholipid membrane vesicles, or extracellular vesicles (EVs), is a trait of most prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. EVs display heterogeneity in content, size, biogenesis, activity, and function. B cells uniquely express immunoglobulin and produce EVs; however, the relationship between these entities has not been clarified. Here, we used several methodologies to isolate large (11,000 × g) and small (110,000 × g) EVs and evaluate their IgM content, characteristics and activity. We found that B cells from multiple cell lines and primary B cells produce EVs that display monomeric IgM on the surface and contain encapsulated monomeric IgM, which is independent of secreted pentameric IgM. Our data indicate EV IgM can bind antigen specifically, and EV IgM can be incorporated intracellularly into secondary cells. These results suggest immunological activities different from secreted pentameric IgM that may constitute a separate and distinct antibody distribution system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Gutknecht
- Department of Investigative Medicine and Center for Immunobiology, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Nichol E. Holodick
- Department of Investigative Medicine and Center for Immunobiology, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Thomas L. Rothstein
- Department of Investigative Medicine and Center for Immunobiology, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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26
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Bruschi M, Candiano G, Angeletti A, Lugani F, Panfoli I. Extracellular Vesicles as Source of Biomarkers in Glomerulonephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13894. [PMID: 37762196 PMCID: PMC10530272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a global health and healthcare burden. Glomerulonephritis (Gn), both primary and secondary, is generally characterized by an inflammatory glomerular injury and may lead to end-stage renal disease. Kidney biopsy is fundamental to the diagnosis; however, kidney biopsy presents some concerns that may partly hamper the clinical process. Therefore, more accurate diagnostic tools are needed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles released by cells and found in bodily fluids, including urine. EVs mediate intercellular signaling both in health and disease. EVs can have both harmful and cytoprotective effects in kidney diseases, especially Gn. Previous findings reported that the specific cargo of urinary EV contains an aerobic metabolic ability that may either restore the recipient cell metabolism or cause oxidative stress production. Here, we provide an overview of the most recent proteomic findings on the role of EVs in several aspects of glomerulopathies, with a focus on this metabolic and redox potential. Future studies may elucidate how the ability of EVs to interfere with aerobic metabolism and redox status can shed light on aspects of Gn etiology which have remained elusive so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bruschi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Lugani
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy
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27
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Velázquez-Cervantes MA, Benítez-Zeferino YR, Flores-Pliego A, Helguera-Repetto AC, Meza-Sánchez DE, Maravillas-Montero JL, León-Reyes G, Mancilla-Ramírez J, Cerna-Cortés JF, Baeza-Ramírez MI, León-Juaárez M. A Review Study of the Participation of Late Domains in Sorting and Transport of Viral Factors to Exosomes. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1842. [PMID: 37763246 PMCID: PMC10532540 DOI: 10.3390/life13091842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication depends heavily on the participation of vesicular systems generated by most cells of an organism. Exosomes play central roles in this process. Today, these vesicles have been characterized, and it has been determined that the cargo they transport is not within a random system. In fact, it depends on various molecular signals and the recruitment of proteins that participate in the biogenesis of exosomes. It has also been shown that multiple viruses can recruit these vesicles to transport viral factors such as genomes or proteins. It has been shown that the late domains present in viral proteins are critical for the exosomal selection and biogenesis systems to recognize these viral proteins and introduce them into the exosomes. In this review, the researchers discuss the evidence related to the characterization of these late domains and their role in exosome recruitment during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Adrián Velázquez-Cervantes
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (M.A.V.-C.); (Y.R.B.-Z.)
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Bioquimica, Escueala Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Yazmín Rocío Benítez-Zeferino
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (M.A.V.-C.); (Y.R.B.-Z.)
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologícas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Arturo Flores-Pliego
- Departamento de Inmunobioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (A.F.-P.); (A.C.H.-R.)
| | - Addy Cecilia Helguera-Repetto
- Departamento de Inmunobioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (A.F.-P.); (A.C.H.-R.)
| | - David Eduardo Meza-Sánchez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (D.E.M.-S.); (J.L.M.-M.)
| | - José Luis Maravillas-Montero
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (D.E.M.-S.); (J.L.M.-M.)
| | - Guadalupe León-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Nutrigenómica y Nutrigenética, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico;
| | - Javier Mancilla-Ramírez
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 113440, Mexico;
- Hospital de la Mujer, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Jorge Francisco Cerna-Cortés
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologícas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - María Isabel Baeza-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Bioquimica, Escueala Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Moises León-Juaárez
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (M.A.V.-C.); (Y.R.B.-Z.)
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28
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Nair S, Ormazabal V, Carrion F, Handberg A, McIntyre H, Salomon C. Extracellular vesicle-mediated targeting strategies for long-term health benefits in gestational diabetes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1311-1332. [PMID: 37650554 PMCID: PMC10472199 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical mediators of cell communication, playing important roles in regulating molecular cross-talk between different metabolic tissues and influencing insulin sensitivity in both healthy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancies. The ability of EVs to transfer molecular cargo between cells imbues them with potential as therapeutic agents. During pregnancy, the placenta assumes a vital role in metabolic regulation, with multiple mechanisms of placenta-mediated EV cross-talk serving as central components in GDM pathophysiology. This review focuses on the role of the placenta in the pathophysiology of GDM and explores the possibilities and prospects of targeting the placenta to address insulin resistance and placental dysfunction in GDM. Additionally, we propose the use of EVs as a novel method for targeted therapeutics in treating the dysfunctional placenta. The primary aim of this review is to comprehend the current status of EV targeting approaches and assess the potential application of these strategies in placental therapeutics, thereby delivering molecular cargo and improving maternal and fetal outcomes in GDM. We propose that EVs have the potential to revolutionize GDM management, offering hope for enhanced maternal-fetal health outcomes and more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Translational Extracellular Vesicle in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Valeska Ormazabal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
| | - Flavio Carrion
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - H David McIntyre
- Mater Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicle in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
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29
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Benayas B, Morales J, Gori A, Strada A, Gagni P, Frigerio R, Egea C, Armisén P, Cretich M, Yáñez-Mó M. Proof of concept of using a membrane-sensing peptide for sEVs affinity-based isolation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1238898. [PMID: 37636002 PMCID: PMC10457001 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1238898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: One main limitation in biomarker studies using EVs is the lack of a suitable isolation method rendering high yield and purity samples in a quick and easily standardized procedure. Here we report an affinity isolation method with a membrane-sensing peptide (MSP) derived from bradykinin. Methods: We designed a protocol based on agarose beads carrying cation chelates to specifically bind to the 6His-tagged membrane-sensing peptide. This approach presents several advantages: 1) cation-carrying agaroses are widely used and standardized for His-tagged protein isolation, 2) the affinity protocol can be performed in small volumes, feasible and manageable for clinical routine and 3) elution with imidazole or EDTA allows a gentle and easy recovery without EV damage, facilitating subsequent characterization and functional analyses. Results: The optimized final procedure incubates 0.5 mg of peptide for 10 min with 10 µL of Long-arm Cobalt agarose before an overnight incubation with concentrated cell conditioned medium. EV downstream analyses can be directly performed on the agarose beads adding lysis or nucleic-acid extraction buffers, or gently eluted with imidazole or EDTA, rendering a fully competent EV preparation. Discussion: This new isolation methodology is based on the recognition of general membrane characteristics independent of surface markers. It is thus unbiased and can be used in any species EV sample, even in samples from animal or plant species against which no suitable antibodies exist. Being an affinity method, the sample handling protocol is very simple, less time-consuming, does not require specialized equipment and can be easily introduced in a clinical automated routine. We demonstrated the high purity and yield of the method in comparison with other commercially available kits. This method can also be scale up or down, with the possibility of analyzing very low amounts of sample, and it is compatible with any downstream analyses thanks to the gentle elution procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Benayas
- Agarose Bead Technologies (ABT), Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain
- Department Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IUBM, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Morales
- Department Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IUBM, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Strada
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Gagni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Frigerio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Egea
- Agarose Bead Technologies (ABT), Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain
| | - Pilar Armisén
- Agarose Bead Technologies (ABT), Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain
| | - Marina Cretich
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), Milan, Italy
| | - María Yáñez-Mó
- Department Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IUBM, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
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Mimmi S, Zimbo AM, Rotundo S, Cione E, Nisticò N, Aloisio A, Maisano D, Tolomeo AM, Dattilo V, Lionello R, Fioravanti A, Di Loria A, Quirino A, Marascio N, Russo A, Trecarichi EM, Matera G, Quinto I, Torti C, Iaccino E. SARS CoV-2 spike protein-guided exosome isolation facilitates detection of potential miRNA biomarkers in COVID-19 infections. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1518-1524. [PMID: 36972680 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nearly three years into the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infections are occurring in vaccinated and naturally infected populations. While humoral and cellular responses in COVID-19 are being characterized, novel immune biomarkers also being identified. Recently, an increase in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expressing (aka, ACE2 positive) circulating exosomes (ExoACE2) were identified in the plasma of COVID-19 patients (El-Shennawy et al.). In this pilot study, we describe a method to characterize the exosome-associated microRNA (exo-miRNA) signature in ACE2-positive and ACE2-negative exosomal populations (non-ExoACE2). METHODS We performed a sorting protocol using the recombinant biotin-conjugated SARS CoV-2 spike protein containing the receptor binding domain (RBD) on plasma samples from six patients. Following purification, exo-miRNA were characterized for ACE2-positive and ACE2-negative exosome subpopulations by RT-PCR. RESULTS We identified differential expression of several miRNA. Specifically let-7g-5p and hsa-miR-4454+miR-7975 were upregulated, while hsa-miR-208a-3p and has-miR-323-3p were downregulated in ExoACE2 vs. non-ExoACE2. CONCLUSIONS The SARS CoV-2 spike-protein guided exosome isolation permits isolation of ExoACE2 exosomes. Such purification facilitates detailed characterization of potential biomarkers (e.g. exo-miRNA) for COVID-19 patients. This method could be used for future studies to further the understanding mechanisms of host response against SARS CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Mimmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Zimbo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rotundo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Nancy Nisticò
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Anna Maria Tolomeo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Dattilo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosaria Lionello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Fioravanti
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antonio Di Loria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II of Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Quirino
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nadia Marascio
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enrico Maria Trecarichi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Matera
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ileana Quinto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carlo Torti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enrico Iaccino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Oh S, Lee CM, Kwon SH. Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA in the Kidney. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4833-4850. [PMID: 37358511 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Most cells in our body release membrane-bound, nano-sized particles into the extracellular milieu through cellular metabolic processes. Various types of macromolecules, reflecting the physiological and pathological status of the producing cells, are packaged into such so-called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can travel over a distance to target cells, thereby transmitting donor cell information. The short, noncoding ribonucleic acid (RNA) called microRNA (miRNA) takes a crucial part in EV-resident macromolecules. Notably, EVs transferring miRNAs can induce alterations in the gene expression profiles of the recipient cells, through genetically instructed, base-pairing interaction between the miRNAs and their target cell messenger RNAs (mRNAs), resulting in either nucleolytic decay or translational halt of the engaged mRNAs. As in other body fluids, EVs released in urine, termed urinary EVs (uEVs), carry specific sets of miRNA molecules, which indicate either normal or diseased states of the kidney, the principal source of uEVs. Studies have therefore been directed to elucidate the contents and biological roles of miRNAs in uEVs and moreover to utilize the gene regulatory properties of miRNA cargos in ameliorating kidney diseases through their delivery via engineered EVs. We here review the fundamental principles of the biology of EVs and miRNA as well as our current understanding of the biological roles and applications of EV-loaded miRNAs in the kidney. We further discuss the limitations of contemporary research approaches, suggesting future directions to overcome the difficulties to advance both the basic biological understanding of miRNAs in EVs and their clinical applications in treating kidney diseases. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4833-4850, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekyung Oh
- Department of Medical Science, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Chang M Lee
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sang-H Kwon
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Blavier L, Nakata R, Neviani P, Sharma K, Shimada H, Benedicto A, Matei I, Lyden D, DeClerck YA. The capture of extracellular vesicles endogenously released by xenotransplanted tumours induces an inflammatory reaction in the premetastatic niche. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12326. [PMID: 37194998 PMCID: PMC10190125 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The capture of tumour-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) by cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME) contributes to metastasis and notably to the formation of the pre-metastatic niche (PMN). However, due to the challenges associated with modelling release of small EVs in vivo, the kinetics of PMN formation in response to endogenously released TEVs have not been examined. Here, we have studied the endogenous release of TEVs in mice orthotopically implanted with metastatic human melanoma (MEL) and neuroblastoma (NB) cells releasing GFP-tagged EVs (GFTEVs) and their capture by host cells to demonstrate the active contribution of TEVs to metastasis. Human GFTEVs captured by mouse macrophages in vitro resulted in transfer of GFP vesicles and the human exosomal miR-1246. Mice orthotopically implanted with MEL or NB cells showed the presence of TEVs in the blood between 5 and 28 days after implantation. Moreover, kinetic analysis of TEV capture by resident cells relative to the arrival and outgrowth of TEV-producing tumour cells in metastatic organs demonstrated that the capture of TEVs by lung and liver cells precedes the homing of metastatic tumour cells, consistent with the critical roles of TEVs in PMN formation. Importantly, TEV capture at future sites of metastasis was associated with the transfer of miR-1246 to lung macrophages, liver macrophages, and stellate cells. This is the first demonstration that the capture of endogenously released TEVs is organotropic as demonstrated by the presence of TEV-capturing cells only in metastatic organs and their absence in non-metastatic organs. The capture of TEVs in the PMN induced dynamic changes in inflammatory gene expression which evolved to a pro-tumorigenic reaction as the niche progressed to the metastatic state. Thus, our work describes a novel approach to TEV tracking in vivo that provides additional insights into their role in the earliest stages of metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Blavier
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow TransplantationUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsKeck School of Medicine University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rie Nakata
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow TransplantationUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsKeck School of Medicine University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paolo Neviani
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow TransplantationUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsKeck School of Medicine University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Khounish Sharma
- Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Departments of Pathology and PediatricsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Aitor Benedicto
- Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and NursingUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - Irina Matei
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yves A. DeClerck
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow TransplantationUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsKeck School of Medicine University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Koncz A, Turiák L, Németh K, Lenzinger D, Bárkai T, Lőrincz P, Zelenyánszki H, Vukman KV, Buzás EI, Visnovitz T. Endoplasmin Is a Hypoxia-Inducible Endoplasmic Reticulum-Derived Cargo of Extracellular Vesicles Released by Cardiac Cell Lines. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:431. [PMID: 37103858 PMCID: PMC10142439 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are leading causes of human mortality. Recent data indicate that the cardiomyocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) released upon cardiac injury are present in circulation. This paper aimed to analyze EVs released under normal and hypoxic conditions by H9c2 (rat), AC16 (human) and HL1 (mouse) cardiac cell lines. Small (sEVs), medium (mEVs) and large EVs (lEVs) were separated from a conditioned medium by a combination of gravity filtration, differential centrifugation and tangential flow filtration. The EVs were characterized by microBCA, SPV lipid assay, nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission and immunogold electron microscopy, flow cytometry and Western blotting. Proteomic profiles of the EVs were determined. Surprisingly, an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, endoplasmin (ENPL, grp94 or gp96), was identified in the EV samples, and its association with EVs was validated. The secretion and uptake of ENPL was followed by confocal microscopy using GFP-ENPL fusion protein expressing HL1 cells. We identified ENPL as an internal cargo of cardiomyocyte-derived mEVs and sEVs. Based on our proteomic analysis, its presence in EVs was linked to hypoxia in HL1 and H9c2 cells, and we hypothesize that EV-associated ENPL may have a cardioprotective role by reducing cardiomyocyte ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koncz
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Turiák
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorina Lenzinger
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Bárkai
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Lőrincz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Helga Zelenyánszki
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina V. Vukman
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit I. Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Visnovitz
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Loric S, Denis JA, Desbene C, Sabbah M, Conti M. Extracellular Vesicles in Breast Cancer: From Biology and Function to Clinical Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7208. [PMID: 37108371 PMCID: PMC10139222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the first worldwide most frequent cancer in both sexes and the most commonly diagnosed in females. Although BC mortality has been thoroughly declining over the past decades, there are still considerable differences between women diagnosed with early BC and when metastatic BC is diagnosed. BC treatment choice is widely dependent on precise histological and molecular characterization. However, recurrence or distant metastasis still occurs even with the most recent efficient therapies. Thus, a better understanding of the different factors underlying tumor escape is mainly mandatory. Among the leading candidates is the continuous interplay between tumor cells and their microenvironment, where extracellular vesicles play a significant role. Among extracellular vesicles, smaller ones, also called exosomes, can carry biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and generate signal transmission through an intercellular transfer of their content. This mechanism allows tumor cells to recruit and modify the adjacent and systemic microenvironment to support further invasion and dissemination. By reciprocity, stromal cells can also use exosomes to profoundly modify tumor cell behavior. This review intends to cover the most recent literature on the role of extracellular vesicle production in normal and cancerous breast tissues. Specific attention is paid to the use of extracellular vesicles for early BC diagnosis, follow-up, and prognosis because exosomes are actually under the spotlight of researchers as a high-potential source of liquid biopsies. Extracellular vesicles in BC treatment as new targets for therapy or efficient nanovectors to drive drug delivery are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Loric
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | | | - Cédric Desbene
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | - Marc Conti
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
- INTEGRACELL SAS, 91160 Longjumeau, France
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Kronstadt SM, Van Heyningen LH, Aranda A, Jay SM. Assessment of anti-inflammatory bioactivity of extracellular vesicles is susceptible to error via media component contamination. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:387-396. [PMID: 36599771 PMCID: PMC10006399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are widely implicated as novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for a wide range of diseases. Thus, optimization of EV biomanufacturing is of high interest. In the course of developing parameters for a human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T) EV production platform, we examined the combinatorial effects of cell culture conditions (i.e., static versus dynamic) and isolation techniques (i.e., ultracentrifugation versus tangential flow filtration versus size-exclusion chromatography) on functional characteristics of HEK293T EVs, including anti-inflammatory bioactivity using a well-established lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophage model. We unexpectedly found that, depending on culture condition and isolation strategy, HEK293T EVs appeared to significantly suppress the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., interleukin-6, RANTES [regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted]) in the stimulated mouse macrophages. Further examination revealed that these results were most likely due to non-EV fetal bovine serum components in HEK293T EV preparations. Thus, future research assessing the anti-inflammatory effects of EVs should be designed to account for this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Kronstadt
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Amaya Aranda
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven M Jay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
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36
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Polyakova N, Kalashnikova M, Belyavsky A. Non-Classical Intercellular Communications: Basic Mechanisms and Roles in Biology and Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076455. [PMID: 37047428 PMCID: PMC10095225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, interactions between cells and intercellular communications form the very basis of the organism’s survival, the functioning of its systems, the maintenance of homeostasis and adequate response to the environment. The accumulated experimental data point to the particular importance of intercellular communications in determining the fate of cells, as well as their differentiation and plasticity. For a long time, it was believed that the properties and behavior of cells were primarily governed by the interactions of secreted or membrane-bound ligands with corresponding receptors, as well as direct intercellular adhesion contacts. In this review, we describe various types of other, non-classical intercellular interactions and communications that have recently come into the limelight—in particular, the broad repertoire of extracellular vesicles and membrane protrusions. These communications are mediated by large macromolecular structural and functional ensembles, and we explore here the mechanisms underlying their formation and present current data that reveal their roles in multiple biological processes. The effects mediated by these new types of intercellular communications in normal and pathological states, as well as therapeutic applications, are also discussed. The in-depth study of novel intercellular interaction mechanisms is required for the establishment of effective approaches for the control and modification of cell properties both for basic research and the development of radically new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Polyakova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Kalashnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Belyavsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, 117485 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Paganini C, Boyce H, Libort G, Arosio P. High-Yield Production of Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations with Constant Quality Using Batch-Refeed Cultures. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202232. [PMID: 36479632 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The conventional manufacturing of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is characterized by low yields and batch-to-batch variability, hampering fundamental research on EVs and their practical applications. Perfusion operations have huge potential to address these limitations and increase the productivity and quality of EVs. In this study, perfusion cultures are simulated with batch-refeed systems and their productivity is compared with that achieved using batch cultures. It is shown that a shift from batch to batch-refeed system can increase the space-time yields of a target EV subpopulation characterized by CD81 and CD63 biomarkers by threefold. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the method facilitates the consistent production of the target EVs from cells maintained under constant conditions for 13 days. These results indicate that the use of perfusion cultures is a promising strategy to increase the manufacturing yield of EVs and control the production of specific EV subpopulations with constant quality attributes, thereby improving reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Paganini
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Boyce
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Libort
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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Amarasinghe I, Phillips W, Hill AF, Cheng L, Helbig KJ, Willms E, Monson EA. Cellular communication through extracellular vesicles and lipid droplets. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e77. [PMID: 38938415 PMCID: PMC11080893 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cellular communication is essential for effective coordination of biological processes. One major form of intercellular communication occurs via the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). These vesicles mediate intercellular communication through the transfer of their cargo and are actively explored for their role in various diseases and their potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Conversely, lipid droplets (LDs) are vesicles that transfer cargo within cells. Lipid droplets play roles in various diseases and evidence for their ability to transfer cargo between cells is emerging. To date, there has been little interdisciplinary research looking at the similarities and interactions between these two classes of small lipid vesicles. This review will compare the commonalities and differences between EVs and LDs including their biogenesis and secretion, isolation and characterisation methodologies, composition, and general heterogeneity and discuss challenges and opportunities in both fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irumi Amarasinghe
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - William Phillips
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular SciencesLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Andrew F. Hill
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria UniversityFootscrayVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lesley Cheng
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular SciencesLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Karla J. Helbig
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Eduard Willms
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular SciencesLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Ebony A. Monson
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
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Xu G, Yan H, Zhu Y, Xie Z, Zhang R, Jiang S. Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 transmission by exosomes establishes a productive infection in vivo and in vitro. Vet Microbiol 2023; 277:109621. [PMID: 36525908 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) infection causes an acute and highly fatal disease in young ducklings. Exosomes are nano-sized small extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, which participate in intercellular communication and play a key role in the physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of exosomes in DHAV-1 transmission remains unknown. In this study, through RT-PCR, WB analysis and TEM observation, the complete DHAV-1 genomic RNA, partial viral proteins, and virions were respectively identified in the exosomes derived from DHAV-1-infected duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs). The productive DHAV-1 infection was transmitted by exosomes in DEFs, duck embryos, and ducklings, and high titers of neutralizing antibodies completely blocked DHAV-1 infection but did not significantly neutralize exosome-mediated DHAV-1 infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that exosome-mediated DHAV-1 infection was resistant to antibody neutralization in vivo and in vitro, which might be an immune evasion mechanism of DHAV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guige Xu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zhijing Xie
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 201718, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271018, China.
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Adamova P, Lotto RR, Powell AK, Dykes IM. Are there foetal extracellular vesicles in maternal blood? Prospects for diagnostic biomarker discovery. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:65-81. [PMID: 36538060 PMCID: PMC9977902 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital disease improves clinical outcomes; however, as many as 50% of congenital heart disease cases are missed by current ultrasound screening methods. This indicates a need for improved screening technology. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted enormous interest in recent years for their potential in diagnostics. EVs mediate endocrine signalling in health and disease and are known to regulate aspects of embryonic development. Here, we critically evaluate recent evidence suggesting that EVs released from the foetus are able to cross the placenta and enter the maternal circulation. Furthermore, EVs from the mother appear to be transported in the reverse direction, whilst the placenta itself acts as a source of EVs. Experimental work utilising rodent models employing either transgenically encoded reporters or application of fluorescent tracking dyes provide convincing evidence of foetal-maternal crosstalk. This is supported by clinical data demonstrating expression of placental-origin EVs in maternal blood, as well as limited evidence for the presence of foetal-origin EVs. Together, this work raises the possibility that foetal EVs present in maternal blood could be used for the diagnosis of congenital disease. We discuss the challenges faced by researchers in translating these basic science findings into a clinical non-invasive prenatal test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Adamova
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom St, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robyn R Lotto
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,School of Nursing and Allied Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Tithebarn St, Liverpool, L2 2ER, UK
| | - Andrew K Powell
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom St, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Iain M Dykes
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom St, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK. .,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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Schiller EA, Cohen K, Lin X, El-Khawam R, Hanna N. Extracellular Vesicle-microRNAs as Diagnostic Biomarkers in Preterm Neonates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2622. [PMID: 36768944 PMCID: PMC9916767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonates born prematurely (<37 weeks of gestation) are at a significantly increased risk of developing inflammatory conditions associated with high mortality rates, including necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Recently, research has focused on characterizing the content of extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), for diagnostic use. Here, we describe the most recent work on EVs-miRNAs biomarkers discovery for conditions that commonly affect premature neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Schiller
- Department of Foundational Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Koral Cohen
- Department of Foundational Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Department of Foundational Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Rania El-Khawam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, New York University Langone Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Nazeeh Hanna
- Department of Foundational Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, New York University Langone Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
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Liu J, Zhang R, Lian T, Chen Z, Zhang RL, Wang Q. Plasma Exosome-Derived microRNAs Profiles in Patients with Serofast Status: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:1455-1469. [PMID: 37101664 PMCID: PMC10124566 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s404545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Syphilis is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum), which can lead to chronic morbidity and adverse complications. In clinical practice, serofast status (SF) patients present with clinical symptoms that are very similar to those of healthy individuals or syphilis-cured patients, and often require prolonged follow-up for diagnosis. Currently, there is increasing interest in the potential of plasma exosome-derived miRNA as a biomarker for the detection of infectious diseases. In this study, we aimed to explore the diagnostic potential of miRNA in SF and its possible biological implications. Patients and Methods Exosome-derived miRNAs were isolated from peripheral plasma samples obtained from 20 patients with secondary syphilis (SS), SF, serologically cured syphilis (SC), and healthy controls (HC), and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified by microarray analysis. Prediction of potential target genes, functional annotation, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were then performed. The expression of selected miRNAs was confirmed in 37 patients by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these miRNAs in differentiating syphilis from HC or SC. Results The expression profile of plasma exosome-derived miRNA was discovered in individuals with SF through microarray analysis. The targeted genes of DEmiRNAs were found to be involved in diverse biological processes according to GO and KEGG analysis, such as regulation of transcription, mitochondria, Golgi, immune system, apoptosis, Ras signaling pathway, etc. Using RT-qPCR validation, miR-1273g-3p, miR-4485-5p, miR-197-3p, and miR-1908-3p showed significant upregulation in patients with SF. These miRNAs exhibited a superior diagnostic ability, either individually or combined, to distinguish SF from SC or HC. Conclusion The DEmiRNAs in plasma exosomes may play a role in the pathogenesis of SF and have the potential to become a noble and effective diagnostic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Center for STD Control, China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Center for STD Control, China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Lian
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuoxi Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Center for STD Control, China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Rui-Li Zhang; Qianqiu Wang, Email ;
| | - Qianqiu Wang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Center for STD Control, China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210042, People’s Republic of China
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Chin AR. Challenges for Studying and Isolating Extracellular Vesicles from Cell-Conditioned Media. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2666:299-315. [PMID: 37166673 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3191-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are small (100-1000 nm) particles that cells release into the extracellular space that have become increasingly famous for their potential in regenerative medicine and for their alterations in diseases such as cancer to promote disease progression, in particular for their potential for intercellular communication. However, studying EV can be challenging due to the broad diversity of both the EV themselves as well as the methods used to study them. This chapter aims to help investigators new to the EV field by describing challenges with studying EV, methods for enriching EV, and a simple EV enrichment protocol using differential ultracentrifugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Chin
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Forte D, Pellegrino RM, Trabanelli S, Tonetti T, Ricci F, Cenerenti M, Comai G, Tazzari P, Lazzarotto T, Buratta S, Urbanelli L, Narimanfar G, Alabed HBR, Mecucci C, La Manna G, Emiliani C, Jandus C, Ranieri VM, Cavo M, Catani L, Palandri F. Circulating extracellular particles from severe COVID-19 patients show altered profiling and innate lymphoid cell-modulating ability. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1085610. [PMID: 37207201 PMCID: PMC10189636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and particles (EPs) represent reliable biomarkers for disease detection. Their role in the inflammatory microenvironment of severe COVID-19 patients is not well determined. Here, we characterized the immunophenotype, the lipidomic cargo and the functional activity of circulating EPs from severe COVID-19 patients (Co-19-EPs) and healthy controls (HC-EPs) correlating the data with the clinical parameters including the partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2/FiO2) and the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. Methods Peripheral blood (PB) was collected from COVID-19 patients (n=10) and HC (n=10). EPs were purified from platelet-poor plasma by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and ultrafiltration. Plasma cytokines and EPs were characterized by multiplex bead-based assay. Quantitative lipidomic profiling of EPs was performed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry combined with quadrupole time-of-flight (LC/MS Q-TOF). Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) were characterized by flow cytometry after co-cultures with HC-EPs or Co-19-EPs. Results We observed that EPs from severe COVID-19 patients: 1) display an altered surface signature as assessed by multiplex protein analysis; 2) are characterized by distinct lipidomic profiling; 3) show correlations between lipidomic profiling and disease aggressiveness scores; 4) fail to dampen type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) cytokine secretion. As a consequence, ILC2 from severe COVID-19 patients show a more activated phenotype due to the presence of Co-19-EPs. Discussion In summary, these data highlight that abnormal circulating EPs promote ILC2-driven inflammatory signals in severe COVID-19 patients and support further exploration to unravel the role of EPs (and EVs) in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Forte
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Institute of Hematology ‘Seràgnoli’, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Maria Pellegrino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Trabanelli
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Tonetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospealiero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Ricci
- Immunohematology and blood bank, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mara Cenerenti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Comai
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Tazzari
- Immunohematology and blood bank, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lazzarotto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Buratta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorena Urbanelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ghazal Narimanfar
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Institute of Hematology ‘Seràgnoli’, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Husam B. R. Alabed
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Mecucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (C.R.E.O.), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vito Marco Ranieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospealiero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Institute of Hematology ‘Seràgnoli’, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Catani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Institute of Hematology ‘Seràgnoli’, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lucia Catani,
| | - Francesca Palandri
- Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Feng L, Guo L, Tanaka Y, Su L. Tumor-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Involved in Breast Cancer Progression and Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315236. [PMID: 36499561 PMCID: PMC9736664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most serious and terrifying threats to the health of women. Recent studies have demonstrated that interaction among cancer cells themselves and those with other cells, including immune cells, in a tumor microenvironment potentially and intrinsically regulate and determine cancer progression and metastasis. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), a type of lipid-bilayer particles derived from cells, with a size of less than 200 nm, are recognized as one form of important mediators in cell-to-cell communication. sEVs can transport a variety of bioactive substances, including proteins, RNAs, and lipids. Accumulating evidence has revealed that sEVs play a crucial role in cancer development and progression, with a significant impact on proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, sEVs systematically coordinate physiological and pathological processes, such as coagulation, vascular leakage, and stromal cell reprogramming, to bring about premetastatic niche formation and to determine metastatic organ tropism. There are a variety of oncogenic factors in tumor-derived sEVs that mediate cellular communication between local stromal cells and distal microenvironment, both of which are important in cancer progression and metastasis. Tumor-derived sEVs contain substances that are similar to parental tumor cells, and as such, sEVs could be biomarkers in cancer progression and potential therapeutic targets, particularly for predicting and preventing future metastatic development. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying the regulation by tumor-derived sEVs on cancer development and progression, including proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and immunosuppression, which coordinately shape the pro-metastatic microenvironment. In addition, we describe the application of sEVs to the development of cancer biomarkers and potential therapeutic modalities and discuss how they can be engineered and translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lijuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (L.S.); Tel.: +81-95-819-7063 (Y.T.); +86-27-8779-2024 (L.S.); Fax: +81-95-819-2189 (Y.T.); +86-27-8779-2072 (L.S.)
| | - Li Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (L.S.); Tel.: +81-95-819-7063 (Y.T.); +86-27-8779-2024 (L.S.); Fax: +81-95-819-2189 (Y.T.); +86-27-8779-2072 (L.S.)
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Chen W, Wu Y, Deng J, Yang Z, Chen J, Tan Q, Guo M, Jin Y. Phospholipid-Membrane-Based Nanovesicles Acting as Vaccines for Tumor Immunotherapy: Classification, Mechanisms and Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112446. [PMID: 36432636 PMCID: PMC9698496 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane vesicles, a group of nano- or microsized vesicles, can be internalized or interact with the recipient cells, depending on their parental cells, size, structure and content. Membrane vesicles fuse with the target cell membrane, or they bind to the receptors on the cell surface, to transfer special effects. Based on versatile features, they can modulate the functions of immune cells and therefore influence immune responses. In the field of tumor therapeutic applications, phospholipid-membrane-based nanovesicles attract increased interest. Academic institutions and industrial companies are putting in effort to design, modify and apply membrane vesicles as potential tumor vaccines contributing to tumor immunotherapy. This review focuses on the currently most-used types of membrane vesicles (including liposomes, bacterial membrane vesicles, tumor- and dendritic-cell-derived extracellular vesicles) acting as tumor vaccines, and describes the classification, mechanism and application of these nanovesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumor-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yali Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumor-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jingjing Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumor-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zimo Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumor-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiangbin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumor-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qi Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumor-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mengfei Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumor-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumor-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-5436-1146
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Dar GH, Badierah R, Nathan EG, Bhat MA, Dar AH, Redwan EM. Extracellular vesicles: A new paradigm in understanding, diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:967231. [PMID: 36408114 PMCID: PMC9669424 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.967231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are becoming one of the leading causes of disability and death across the globe due to lack of timely preventions and treatments. Concurrently, intensive research efforts are being carried out to understand the etiology of these age-dependent disorders. Extracellular vesicles (EVs)-biological nanoparticles released by cells-are gaining tremendous attention in understanding their role in pathogenesis and progression of NDs. EVs have been found to transmit pathogenic proteins of NDs between neurons. Moreover, the ability of EVs to exquisitely surmount natural biological barriers, including blood-brain barrier and in vivo safety has generated interest in exploring them as potential biomarkers and function as natural delivery vehicles of drugs to the central nervous system. However, limited knowledge of EV biogenesis, their heterogeneity and lack of adequate isolation and analysis tools have hampered their therapeutic potential. In this review, we cover the recent advances in understanding the role of EVs in neurodegeneration and address their role as biomarkers and delivery vehicles to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hassan Dar
- Department of Biochemistry, S.P. College, Cluster University Srinagar, Srinagar, India
- Hassan Khoyihami Memorial Degree College, Bandipora, India
| | - Raied Badierah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erica G. Nathan
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge Cancer Center, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Abid Hamid Dar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
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Kalinina OV, Khudiakov AА, Panshin DD, Nikitin YV, Ivanov AM, Kostareva AA, Golovkin AS. Small Non-Coding RNA Profiles of Sorted Plasma Extracellular Vesicles: Technical Approach. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022060151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Peng H, Hou M, Wu Z, Wang J, Zhou M, Zhuang X, Xing J, Tao Q, Huang L, Zhou F, Zhang S, Feng Q, Hou Y, Yu Q. Plasma exosomal miR-122 regulates the efficacy of metformin via AMPK in type 2 diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Ditte Z, Silbern I, Ditte P, Urlaub H, Eichele G. Extracellular vesicles derived from the choroid plexus trigger the differentiation of neural stem cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12276. [PMID: 36325603 PMCID: PMC9630752 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus secrets cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composed of electrolytes, cytokines, growth factors, metabolites and extracellular vesicles (EVs) that flow through the interconnected brain ventricles. On their course, CSF components can act as signals that affect, for example, neural stem cells (NSCs) residing in niches of the ventricular wall. We studied EV-born CSF signals in an in vitro culture system. We purified EVs from the secretome of a choroid plexus cell line (Z310 cells), and from primary choroid plexus cultures and co-cultured those EVs with NSCs isolated from the niche of the lateral and the third ventricle. EVsZ310 and EVsCHP were purified by differential centrifugation. This yielded fractions of EVs of 50-150-nm diameter that induced a complex multicellular network formation and NSC differentiation. Both types of EV converted the round NSCs to cells that extended long processes that contacted nearby, alike-shaped cells. Mass spectrometry showed that the differentiation-inducing EVZ310 were enriched for membrane and membrane-associated proteins involved in cell differentiation, membrane trafficking, and membrane organization. We hypothesize that this type of EV Z310 cargo causes changes of stem cell morphology that leads to multicellular networks in the niches. This cell-shape transition may represent an initial step in NSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Ditte
- Department of Genes and BehaviorMax Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
- Biological RhythmsMax Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self OrganizationGöttingenGermany
| | - Ivan Silbern
- The Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry GroupMax Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
- Institute for Clinical ChemistryUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Peter Ditte
- Department of Genes and BehaviorMax Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- The Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry GroupMax Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
- Institute for Clinical ChemistryUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Gregor Eichele
- Department of Genes and BehaviorMax Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
- Biological RhythmsMax Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self OrganizationGöttingenGermany
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