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Dong Y, Van de Maele M, De Meester L, Verheyen J, Stoks R. Pollution offsets the rapid evolution of increased heat tolerance in a natural population. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173070. [PMID: 38734087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite the increasing evidence for rapid thermal evolution in natural populations, evolutionary rescue under global warming may be constrained by the presence of other stressors. Highly relevant in our polluted planet, is the largely ignored evolutionary trade-off between heat tolerance and tolerance to pollutants. By using two subpopulations (separated 40 years in time) from a resurrected natural population of the water flea Daphnia magna that experienced a threefold increase in heat wave frequency during this period, we tested whether rapid evolution of heat tolerance resulted in reduced tolerance to the widespread metal zinc and whether this would affect heat tolerance upon exposure to the pollutant. Our results revealed rapid evolution of increased heat tolerance in the recent subpopulation. Notably, the sensitivity to the metal tended to be stronger (reduction in net energy budget) or was only present (reductions in heat tolerance and in sugar content) in the recent subpopulation. As a result, the rapidly evolved higher heat tolerance of the recent subpopulation was fully offset when exposed to zinc. Our results highlight that the many reports of evolutionary rescue to global change stressors may give a too optimistic view as our warming planet is polluted by metals and other pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marlies Van de Maele
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc De Meester
- Freshwater Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biology, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julie Verheyen
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Wang Z, Wang T, Zhang X, Wang J, Yang Y, Sun Y, Guo X, Wu Q, Nepovimova E, Watson AE, Kuca K. Biodiversity conservation in the context of climate change: Facing challenges and management strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 937:173377. [PMID: 38796025 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity conservation amidst the uncertainty of climate change presents unique challenges that necessitate precise management strategies. The study reported here was aimed at refining understanding of these challenges and to propose specific, actionable management strategies. Employing a quantitative literature analysis, we meticulously examined 1268 research articles from the Web of Science database between 2005 and 2023. Through Cite Spaces and VOS viewer software, we conducted a bibliometric analysis and thematic synthesis to pinpoint emerging trends, key themes, and the geographical distribution of research efforts. Our methodology involved identifying patterns within the data, such as frequency of keywords, co-authorship networks, and citation analysis, to discern the primary focus areas within the field. This approach allowed us to distinguish between research concentration areas, specifically highlighting a predominant interest in Environmental Sciences Ecology (67.59 %) and Biodiversity Conservation (22.63 %). The identification of adaptive management practices and ecosystem services maintenance are central themes in the research from 2005 to 2023. Moreover, challenges such as understanding phenological shifts, invasive species dynamics, and anthropogenic pressures critically impact biodiversity conservation efforts. Our findings underscore the urgent need for precise, data-driven decision-making processes in the face of these challenges. Addressing the gaps identified, our study proposes targeted solutions, including the establishment of germplasm banks for at-risk species, the development of advanced genomic and microclimate models, and scenario analysis to predict and mitigate future conservation challenges. These strategies are aimed at enhancing the resilience of biodiversity against the backdrop of climate change through integrated, evidence-based approaches. By leveraging the compiled and analyzed data, this study offers a foundational framework for future research and practical action in biodiversity conservation strategies, demonstrating a path forward through detailed analysis and specified solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Tongxin Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Junbang Wang
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Region of Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001, China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Alan E Watson
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic.
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3
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Li Q, Gao X, Li J, Yan A, Chang S, Song X, Lo K. Nonlinear time effects of vegetation response to climate change: Evidence from Qilian Mountain National Park in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173149. [PMID: 38740200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Vegetation responses to climate change are typically nonlinear with varied time effects, yet current research lacks comprehensiveness and precise definitions, hindering a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms. This study focuses on the mountain-type Qilian Mountain National Park (QMNP), investigating the characteristics and patterns of these nonlinear time effects using a generalized additive model (GAM) based on MODIS-NDVI, growing season temperature, and precipitation data. The results show that 1) The time effects of climate change on vegetation exhibit significant spatial variations, differing across vegetation types and topographic conditions. Accounting for optimal time effects can increase the explanatory power of climate on vegetation change by 6.8 %. Precipitation responses are mainly characterized by time-lag and time-accumulation effects, notably in meadows and steppes, while temperature responses are largely cumulative, especially in steppes. The altitude and slope significantly influence the pattern of vegetation response to climate, particularly in areas with high altitudes and steep slopes. 2) There is a significant nonlinear relationship between vegetation growth and both precipitation and temperature, with the nonlinear relationship between precipitation and vegetation being stronger than that with temperature, particularly in the western and central regions of the park. Different vegetation types exhibit significant variations in their response to climate change, with deserts and steppes being more sensitive to precipitation. 3) Precipitation is the primary driver of vegetation change in the QMNP, particularly for high-elevation vegetation and herbaceous vegetation. The complex temporal patterns of vegetation response to climate change in the QMNP not only deepen the understanding of the intricate relationship between regional vegetation and climate variability but also provide a methodological reference for global studies on vegetation responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuran Li
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Jie Li
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - An Yan
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuhang Chang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojiao Song
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kevin Lo
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Prajapati A, Yadav RK, Shahin R, Shukla R, Mishra S, Singh S, Yadav S, Baeg JO, Singhal R, Gupta NK, Ali MS, Yadav KK. Synergistic effects of covalently coupled eosin-Y with B en-graphitic carbon nitride framework for improved photocatalytic activity in solar light-driven Biginelli product generation and NADH regeneration. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38943225 DOI: 10.1111/php.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Elevated global pollution level is the prime reason that contributes to the onset of various harmful health diseases. The products of Biginelli reaction are enormously used in the pharmaceutical industry as they have antiviral, antibacterial, and calcium channel modulation abilities. This work reports a novel eosin Y sensitized boron graphitic carbon nitride (EY-Ben-g-C3N4) as a photocatalyst that efficiently produced 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-one by the Biginelli reaction of benzaldehyde, urea, and methyl acetoacetate. The photocatalyst EY-Ben-g-C3N4 showed a successful generation of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-one (Biginelli product) in good yield via photocatalysis which is an eco-friendly method and has facile operational process. In addition to the production of Biginelli products, the photocatalyst also showed a remarkable NADH regeneration of 81.18%. The incorporation of g-C3N4 with boron helps increase the surface area and the incorporation of eosin Y which is an inexpensive and non-toxic dye, and in Ben-g-C3N4, enhanced the light-harvesting capacity of the photocatalyst. The production of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-one and NADH by the EY-Ben-g-C3N4 photocatalyst is attributed to the requisite band gap, high molar absorbance, low rate of charge recombination, and increased capacity of the photocatalyst to harvest solar light energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Prajapati
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Rajesh K Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Rehana Shahin
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Ravindra Shukla
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Shaifali Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Satyam Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Suman Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Swami Shraddhanand College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jin-OoK Baeg
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Rajat Singhal
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Navneet K Gupta
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mohd Sajid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, India
- Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq
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5
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Backes DS, Halmenschlager RR, Cassola TP, Erdmann AL, Hämel K, Costenaro RGS. Inseparability between public health, planetary health and the nursing process: premise for sustainable development. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2024; 58:e20240026. [PMID: 38949513 PMCID: PMC11216715 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2024-0026en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim is to conduct theoretical reflection on the inseparability among public health, planetary health and the nursing process in light of complexity thinking, with the aim of contributing to healthy and sustainable development. Study with a theoretical-reflexive approach that accessed bibliographical sources from contemporary authors who defend the inseparability between public health and planetary health and, at the same time, provide theoretical-systemic support to the nursing process, under an inductive critical bias. The nursing process is conceived as a complex phenomenon, which comprises interdependent dynamics, dialogical approaches, critical-reflective perception and prospective leadership. Theoretical reflection on the nursing process and sustainable development raises an expanded, contextualized and interdependent look at the role of nursing professionals in different health contexts, in order not to compromise well-being and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirce Stein Backes
- Universidade Franciscana, Programa em Saúde Materno-Infantil, Santa
Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alacoque Lorenzini Erdmann
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação de
Enfermagem, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Kerstin Hämel
- Universität Bielefeld, School of Public Health, Bielefeld,
Germany
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Hermann M, Polazzo F, Cherta L, Crettaz-Minaglia M, García-Astillero A, Peeters ETHM, Rico A, Van den Brink PJ. Combined stress of an insecticide and heatwaves or elevated temperature induce community and food web effects in a Mediterranean freshwater ecosystem. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 260:121903. [PMID: 38875860 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Ongoing global climate change will shift nature towards Anthropocene's unprecedented conditions by increasing average temperatures and the frequency and severity of extreme events, such as heatwaves. While such climatic changes pose an increased threat for freshwater ecosystems, other stressors like pesticides may interact with warming and lead to unpredictable effects. Studies that examine the underpinned mechanisms of multiple stressor effects are scarce and often lack environmental realism. Here, we conducted a multiple stressors experiment using outdoor freshwater mesocosms with natural assemblages of macroinvertebrates, zooplankton, phytoplankton, macrophytes, and microbes. The effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid (1 µg/L) were investigated in combination with three temperature scenarios representing ambient, elevated temperatures (+4 °C), and heatwaves (+0 to 8 °C), the latter two having similar energy input. We found similar imidacloprid dissipation patterns for all temperature treatments with lowest average dissipation half-lives under both warming scenarios (DT50: 3 days) and highest under ambient temperatures (DT50: 4 days) throughout the experiment. Amongst all communities, only the zooplankton community was significantly affected by the combined treatments. This community demonstrated low chemical sensitivity with lagged and significant negative imidacloprid effects only for cyclopoids. Heatwaves caused early and long-lasting significant effects on the zooplankton community as compared to elevated temperatures, with Polyarthra, Daphnia longispina, Lecanidae, and cyclopoids being the most negatively affected taxa, whereas Ceriodaphnia and nauplii showed positive responses to temperature. Community recovery from imidacloprid stress was slower under heatwaves, suggesting temperature-enhanced toxicity. Finally, microbial and macrofauna litter degradation were significantly enhanced by temperature, whereas the latter was also negatively affected by imidacloprid. A structural equation model depicted cascading food web effects of both stressors with stronger relationships and significant negative stressor effects at higher than at lower trophic levels. Our study highlights the threat of a series of heatwaves compared to elevated temperatures for imidacloprid-stressed freshwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hermann
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Francesco Polazzo
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Cherta
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melina Crettaz-Minaglia
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ariadna García-Astillero
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edwin T H M Peeters
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Carvalho CO, Gromstad W, Dunthorn M, Karlsen HE, Schrøder-Nielsen A, Ready JS, Haugaasen T, Sørnes G, de Boer H, Mauvisseau Q. Harnessing eDNA metabarcoding to investigate fish community composition and its seasonal changes in the Oslo fjord. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10154. [PMID: 38698067 PMCID: PMC11065990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the face of global ecosystem changes driven by anthropogenic activities, effective biomonitoring strategies are crucial for mitigating impacts on vulnerable aquatic habitats. Time series analysis underscores a great significance in understanding the dynamic nature of marine ecosystems, especially amidst climate change disrupting established seasonal patterns. Focusing on Norway's Oslo fjord, our research utilises eDNA-based monitoring for temporal analysis of aquatic biodiversity during a one year period, with bi-monthly sampling along a transect. To increase the robustness of the study, a taxonomic assignment comparing BLAST+ and SINTAX approaches was done. Utilising MiFish and Elas02 primer sets, our study detected 63 unique fish species, including several commercially important species. Our findings reveal a substantial increase in read abundance during specific migratory cycles, highlighting the efficacy of eDNA metabarcoding for fish composition characterization. Seasonal dynamics for certain species exhibit clear patterns, emphasising the method's utility in unravelling ecological complexities. eDNA metabarcoding emerges as a cost-effective tool with considerable potential for fish community monitoring for conservation purposes in dynamic marine environments like the Oslo fjord, contributing valuable insights for informed management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Oliveira Carvalho
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Group for Integrated Biological Investigation, Center for Advanced Studies of Biodiversity, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Micah Dunthorn
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Jonathan Stuart Ready
- Group for Integrated Biological Investigation, Center for Advanced Studies of Biodiversity, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Torbjørn Haugaasen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Grete Sørnes
- Marine Research Station Drøbak, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hugo de Boer
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Sponagel C, Weik J, Feuerbacher A, Bahrs E. Exploring the climate change mitigation potential and regional distribution of agrivoltaics with geodata-based farm economic modelling and life cycle assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 359:121021. [PMID: 38678894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Tackling climate change remains a critical challenge for society. Achieving climate neutrality requires a massive expansion of renewable energies such as wind and photovoltaics (PV). Agriculture plays a key role in this context, especially as the expansion of ground-mounted PV systems often leads to land-use conflicts. Agrivoltaics (AV), which combines agricultural and electricity production, can be a solution, but the synergies are particularly dependent on local agronomic conditions. There is also a knowledge gap in how AV expansion impacts greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the landscape level and how it contributes to regional emission reduction targets. In this study, we analysed the economic and climate change mitigation impacts of AV expansion pathways in the German state Baden-Württemberg using an integrated land use model and life cycle assessment under the assumption of general rentability of electricity production by AV. We found that implementing AV on 1%-5% of the regions's arable and grassland area reduced the total agricultural gross margin by a maximum of approximately 0.5%. Concurrently, AV implementation reduced GHG emissions by about 1.2 million to 5.9 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent (Mt CO2-eq). Even if this reduction is almost exclusively accounted for in the energy sector, in absolute terms it amounts to more than the current GHG emissions from Baden-Württemberg's agricultural sector (about 4.4 Mt CO2-eq in 2021). In the 5% expansion scenario, almost 90% of the installations were installed on grassland, but this share dropped to 72% when considering landscape quality constraints. Although we found considerable regional disparity, our findings still suggest that AV is an essential component for regional emission reduction targets. These results are particularly relevant for policymakers in spatial planning, agricultural and energy policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sponagel
- Department of Farm Management (410b), Institute of Farm Management, University of Hohenheim, Schwerzstraße 44, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Jan Weik
- Department of Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy (340b), Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 7, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Arndt Feuerbacher
- Department of Ecological-Economic Policy Modelling (420d), Institute of Agricultural Policy and Markets, University of Hohenheim, Schwerzstraße 46, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Enno Bahrs
- Department of Farm Management (410b), Institute of Farm Management, University of Hohenheim, Schwerzstraße 44, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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9
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Shen T, Rasdi IB, Ezani NEB, San OT. The mediating role of pro-environmental attitude and intention on the translation from climate change health risk perception to pro-environmental behavior. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9831. [PMID: 38684780 PMCID: PMC11059261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is a serious environmental issue appearing in China. As a public service institution operating around the clock, the negative impact of hospitals on the environment is evident, promoting their workers' pro-environmental behavior (PEB) through increasing climate change health risk perception (CHRP) is an effective method to protect the environment and achieve sustainable development. This study investigates how CHRP shapes pro-environmental attitude (PEA), pro-environmental intention (PEI), and pro-environmental behavior (PEB) among hospital workers. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine the chain of causation from CHRP to PEB among hospital workers. The result shows that CHRP positively affects PEA and PEI, and PEI positively affects their PEB. In addition, although CHRP has no significant direct effect on PEB, it can play a crucial indirect effect through the mediating role of PEI. Moreover, the result of multiple regression shows that there are significant differences regarding PEA, PEI, and PEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Irniza Binti Rasdi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Eliani Binti Ezani
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ong Tze San
- School of Business and Economics, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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10
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Sun C, Yao J, Xu H, Zhou C, Zang R. Assessing the functional vulnerability of woody plant communities within a large scale tropical rainforest dynamics plot. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1372122. [PMID: 38693923 PMCID: PMC11061514 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1372122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Tropical forests are characterized by intricate mosaics of species-rich and structurally complex forest communities. Evaluating the functional vulnerability of distinct community patches is of significant importance in establishing conservation priorities within tropical forests. However, previous assessments of functional vulnerability in tropical forests have often focused solely on isolated factors or individual disturbance events, with limited consideration for a broad spectrum of disturbances and the responses of diverse species. Methods We assessed the functional vulnerability of woody plant communities in a 60-ha dynamic plot within a tropical montane rainforest by conducting in silico simulations of a wide range disturbances. These simulations combined plant functional traits and community properties, including the distribution of functional redundancy across the entire trait space, the distribution of abundance across species, and the relationship between species trait distinctiveness and species abundance. We also investigated the spatial distribution patterns of functional vulnerability and their scale effects, and employed a spatial autoregressive model to examine the relationships between both biotic and abiotic factors and functional vulnerability at different scales. Results The functional vulnerability of tropical montane rainforest woody plant communities was generally high (the functional vulnerability of observed communities was very close to that of the most vulnerable virtual community, with a value of 72.41% on average at the 20m×20m quadrat scale), and they exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity. Functional vulnerability decreased with increasing spatial scale and the influence of both biotic and abiotic factors on functional vulnerability was regulated by spatial scale, with soil properties playing a dominant role. Discussion Our study provides new specific insights into the comprehensive assessment of functional vulnerability in the tropical rainforest. We highlighted that functional vulnerabilities of woody plant communities and their sensitivity to environmental factors varied significantly within and across spatial scales in the tropical rainforest landscape. Preserving and maintaining the functionality of tropical ecosystems should take into consideration the variations in functional vulnerability among different plant communities and their sensitivity to environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Xu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaofan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runguo Zang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Addison SL, Rúa MA, Smaill SJ, Singh BK, Wakelin SA. Partner or perish: tree microbiomes and climate change. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024:S1360-1385(24)00064-5. [PMID: 38641475 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the complex relationships between plants, their microbiomes, and environmental changes is crucial for improving growth and survival, especially for long-lived tree species. Trees, like other plants, maintain close associations with a multitude of microorganisms on and within their tissues, forming a 'holobiont'. However, a comprehensive framework for detailed tree-microbiome dynamics, and the implications for climate adaptation, is currently lacking. This review identifies gaps in the existing literature, emphasizing the need for more research to explore the coevolution of the holobiont and the full extent of climate change impact on tree growth and survival. Advancing our knowledge of plant-microbial interactions presents opportunities to enhance tree adaptability and mitigate adverse impacts of climate changes on trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Addison
- Scion, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand; Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia.
| | - M A Rúa
- Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435-0001, USA
| | | | - B K Singh
- Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia
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12
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Byrareddy VM, Kath J, Kouadio L, Mushtaq S, Geethalakshmi V. Assessing scale-dependency of climate risks in coffee-based agroforestry systems. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8028. [PMID: 38580811 PMCID: PMC10997612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Agroforestry is a management strategy for mitigating the negative impacts of climate and adapting to sustainable farming systems. The successful implementation of agroforestry strategies requires that climate risks are appropriately assessed. The spatial scale, a critical determinant influencing climate impact assessments and, subsequently, agroforestry strategies, has been an overlooked dimension in the literature. In this study, climate risk impacts on robusta coffee production were investigated at different spatial scales in coffee-based agroforestry systems across India. Data from 314 coffee farms distributed across the districts of Chikmagalur and Coorg (Karnataka state) and Wayanad (Kerala state) were collected during the 2015/2016 to 2017/2018 coffee seasons and were used to quantify the key climate drivers of coffee yield. Projected climate data for two scenarios of change in global climate corresponding to (1) current baseline conditions (1985-2015) and (2) global mean temperatures 2 °C above preindustrial levels were then used to assess impacts on robusta coffee yield. Results indicated that at the district scale rainfall variability predominantly constrained coffee productivity, while at a broader regional scale, maximum temperature was the most important factor. Under a 2 °C global warming scenario relative to the baseline (1985-2015) climatic conditions, the changes in coffee yield exhibited spatial-scale dependent disparities. Whilst modest increases in yield (up to 5%) were projected from district-scale models, at the regional scale, reductions in coffee yield by 10-20% on average were found. These divergent impacts of climate risks underscore the imperative for coffee-based agroforestry systems to develop strategies that operate effectively at various scales to ensure better resilience to the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekananda M Byrareddy
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
- SQNNSW Drought Resilience Adoption and Innovation Hub, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Jarrod Kath
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Louis Kouadio
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
| | - Shahbaz Mushtaq
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
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13
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Li S, Nilsson E, Seidel L, Ketzer M, Forsman A, Dopson M, Hylander S. Baltic Sea coastal sediment-bound eukaryotes have increased year-round activities under predicted climate change related warming. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1369102. [PMID: 38596378 PMCID: PMC11002985 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1369102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change related warming is a serious environmental problem attributed to anthropogenic activities, causing ocean water temperatures to rise in the coastal marine ecosystem since the last century. This particularly affects benthic microbial communities, which are crucial for biogeochemical cycles. While bacterial communities have received considerable scientific attention, the benthic eukaryotic community response to climate change remains relatively overlooked. In this study, sediments were sampled from a heated (average 5°C increase over the whole year for over 50 years) and a control (contemporary conditions) Baltic Sea bay during four different seasons across a year. RNA transcript counts were then used to investigate eukaryotic community changes under long-term warming. The composition of active species in the heated and control bay sediment eukaryotic communities differed, which was mainly attributed to salinity and temperature. The family level RNA transcript alpha diversity in the heated bay was higher during May but lower in November, compared with the control bay, suggesting altered seasonal activity patterns and dynamics. In addition, structures of the active eukaryotic communities varied between the two bays during the same season. Hence, this study revealed that long-term warming can change seasonality in eukaryotic diversity patterns. Relative abundances and transcript expression comparisons between bays suggested that some taxa that now have lower mRNA transcripts numbers could be favored by future warming. Furthermore, long-term warming can lead to a more active metabolism in these communities throughout the year, such as higher transcript numbers associated with diatom energy production and protein synthesis in the heated bay during winter. In all, these data can help predict how future global warming will affect the ecology and metabolism of eukaryotic community in coastal sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjun Li
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Emelie Nilsson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Laura Seidel
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcelo Ketzer
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Anders Forsman
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Mark Dopson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Samuel Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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14
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Wander HL, Farruggia MJ, La Fuente S, Korver MC, Chapina RJ, Robinson J, Bah A, Munthali E, Ghosh R, Stachelek J, Khandelwal A, Hanson PC, Weathers KC. Using Knowledge-Guided Machine Learning To Assess Patterns of Areal Change in Waterbodies across the Contiguous United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5003-5013. [PMID: 38446785 PMCID: PMC10956424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Lake and reservoir surface areas are an important proxy for freshwater availability. Advancements in machine learning (ML) techniques and increased accessibility of remote sensing data products have enabled the analysis of waterbody surface area dynamics on broad spatial scales. However, interpreting the ML results remains a challenge. While ML provides important tools for identifying patterns, the resultant models do not include mechanisms. Thus, the "black-box" nature of ML techniques often lacks ecological meaning. Using ML, we characterized temporal patterns in lake and reservoir surface area change from 1984 to 2016 for 103,930 waterbodies in the contiguous United States. We then employed knowledge-guided machine learning (KGML) to classify all waterbodies into seven ecologically interpretable groups representing distinct patterns of surface area change over time. Many waterbodies were classified as having "no change" (43%), whereas the remaining 57% of waterbodies fell into other groups representing both linear and nonlinear patterns. This analysis demonstrates the potential of KGML not only for identifying ecologically relevant patterns of change across time but also for unraveling complex processes that underpin those changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jenna Robinson
- Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Abdou Bah
- City
University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Elias Munthali
- Northern
Region Water Board, Bloemwater
Street, Mzuzu 105206, Malawi
| | - Rahul Ghosh
- University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jemma Stachelek
- Los
Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 15672, United States
| | - Ankush Khandelwal
- University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Paul C. Hanson
- University
of Wisconsin − Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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15
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Siddique MT, García Molinos J. Risk from future climate change to Pakistan's protected area network: A composite analysis for hotspot identification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:169948. [PMID: 38211866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
As climate change becomes a primary driver of global ecosystem deterioration and biodiversity loss, protected areas (PAs) are posed to play a crucial conservation role. At a global scale, 17 % of land is currently covered by PAs; a figure expected to reach 30 % by 2030 under the UN post-2020 global biodiversity framework. However, focusing only on the percent coverage of PAs without assessing their efficacy may not accomplish the intended conservation goals. Here, we present the first assessment of the risk from climate change to existing PAs and non-protected lands across Pakistan by combining data on the local exposure and vulnerability of 409 species of birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians to multidimensional changes in climate by mid (2040-2060) and late (2061-2080) century under two climate emission scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). We find that between 7 % (2050 RCP4.5) and 19 % (2080 RCP8.5) of the current network of PAs, mostly located in the eastern and southeastern parts of the country, are projected to be under future extreme risk (i.e., highly exposed areas containing highly vulnerable communities). Importantly, hotspots of risk within these PAs are projected to significantly expand over time and with increasing severity of the scenario. In contrast, PAs in the northern part of the country are projected to remain under moderate to low risk. Results are subject to variability across the country reflecting interesting differences in climate change exposure and species vulnerability between protected and non-protected lands. Importantly, significantly lower level of risks from future climate change are projected for PAs than non-protected lands across emission scenarios and periods suggesting potential candidate areas for the future expansion of the country's PA network. Our analysis provides novel insights that can help inform conservation decisions and management at a time when the country is investing in ambitious efforts to expand its network of protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taimur Siddique
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan 060-0810
| | - Jorge García Molinos
- Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan 001-0021.
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16
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Mousa WK, Abu-Izneid T, Salah-Tantawy A. High-throughput sequencing reveals the structure and metabolic resilience of desert microbiome confronting climate change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1294173. [PMID: 38510442 PMCID: PMC10953687 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1294173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Desert ecosystems harbor a unique microbial diversity that is crucial for ecological stability and biogeochemical cycles. An in-depth understanding of the biodiversity, compositions, and functions of these microbial communities is imperative to navigate global changes and confront potential threats and opportunities applicable to agricultural ecosystems amid climate change. Methods This study explores microbial communities in the rhizosphere and endosphere of desert plants native to the Arabian Peninsula using next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 hypervariable region). Results Our results reveal that each microbial community has a diverse and unique microbial composition. Based on alpha and beta diversity indices, the rhizosphere microbiome is significantly diverse and richer in microbial taxa compared to the endosphere. The data reveals a shift towards fast-growing microbes with active metabolism, involvement in nutrient cycling, nitrogen fixation, and defense pathways. Our data reveals the presence of habitat-specific microbial communities in the desert, highlighting their remarkable resilience and adaptability to extreme environmental conditions. Notably, we observed the existence of radiation-resistant microbes such as Deinococcus radiotolerans, Kocuria sp., and Rubrobacter radiotolerans which can tolerate high levels of ionizing radiation. Additionally, examples of microbes exhibiting tolerance to challenging conditions include Nocardioides halotolerans, thriving in high-salinity environments, and hyperthermophilic microbes such as Quasibacillus thermotolerans. Moreover, functional analysis reveals enrichment in chaperon biosynthesis pathways associated with correct protein folding under heat stress conditions. Discussion Our research sheds light on the unique diversity of desert microbes and underscores their potential applications to increase the resilience of agriculture ecosystems, offering a promising strategy to fortify crops against the challenges posed by climate change, ultimately supporting sustainable food production for our ever-expanding global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa K. Mousa
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Al Ain University (AAU) Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Al Ain University (AAU) Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Salah-Tantawy
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, College of Nuclear Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Zoology, Marine Science Division, College of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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17
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Steibl S, Kench PS, Young HS, Wegmann AS, Holmes ND, Bunbury N, Teavai-Murphy TH, Davies N, Murphy F, Russell JC. Rethinking atoll futures: local resilience to global challenges. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:258-266. [PMID: 38114338 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Atoll islands are often perceived as inevitably lost due to rising sea levels. However, unlike other islands, atoll islands are dynamic landforms that have evolved, at least historically, to vertically accrete at a pace commensurate with changing sea levels. Rather than atoll islands' low elevation per se, the impairment of natural accretion processes is jeopardising their persistence. While global marine impacts are deteriorating coral reefs, local impacts also significantly affect accretion, together potentially tipping the scales toward atoll island erosion. Maintaining atoll island accretion requires intact sediment generation on coral reefs, unobstructed sediment transport from reef to island, and available vegetated deposition sites on the island. Ensuring the persistence of atoll islands must include global greenhouse gas emission reduction and local restoration of accretion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Steibl
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Paul S Kench
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hillary S Young
- Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Nancy Bunbury
- Seychelles Islands Foundation, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles; Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Neil Davies
- Tetiaroa Society, Tetiaroa, French Polynesia; Gump South Pacific Research Station, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - James C Russell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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18
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Kalinauskas M, Shuhani Y, Pinto LV, Inácio M, Pereira P. Mapping ecosystem services in protected areas. A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169248. [PMID: 38101645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) supply ecosystem services (ES) essential for human wellbeing. Mapping is a critical exercise that allows an understanding of the spatial distribution of the different ES in PAs. This work aims to conduct a systematic literature review on mapping ES in PAs. In order to carry out this systematic review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method was applied. The results showed an increase in the number of works between 2012 and 2023, and they were especially conducted in Europe and Asia and less in North America, South America, and Oceania. Most studies were developed in terrestrial areas, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature classified them into types II and IV. Most of the works followed the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment classification and were mainly focused on the supply dimension. Regulating and maintenance and cultural ES were the most mapped dimensions in PAs. The most frequent provisioning ES mapped in PAs were Animals reared for nutritional purposes and Cultivated terrestrial plants grown for nutritional purposes. In regulating and maintenance, Maintaining nursery populations and habitats and Regulation of the chemical composition of the atmosphere and oceans were the most analysed. For cultural ES, Characteristics of living systems that enable activities promoting health, recuperation, or enjoyment through active or immersive interactions and Characteristics of living systems that enable aesthetic experiences were the most mapped ES in PAs. Most works followed a quantitative approach, although the number of qualitative studies is high. Finally, most of the works needed to be validated, which may hamper the credibility of mapping ES in PAs. Overall, this systematic review contributed to a global picture of studies distribution, the areas where they are needed, and the most popular dimensions and sections as the methodologies were applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Kalinauskas
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Yuliana Shuhani
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Luís Valença Pinto
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Agrarian Technical School, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Inácio
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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19
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Dobor L, Baldo M, Bílek L, Barka I, Máliš F, Štěpánek P, Hlásny T. The interacting effect of climate change and herbivory can trigger large-scale transformations of European temperate forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17194. [PMID: 38385958 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In many regions of Europe, large wild herbivores alter forest community composition through their foraging preferences, hinder the forest's natural adaptive responses to climate change, and reduce ecosystem resilience. We investigated a widespread European forest type, a mixed forest dominated by Picea abies, which has recently experienced an unprecedented level of disturbance across the continent. Using the forest landscape model iLand, we investigated the combined effect of climate change and herbivory on forest structure, composition, and carbon and identified conditions leading to ecosystem transitions on a 300-year timescale. Eight climate change scenarios, driven by Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5, combined with three levels of regeneration browsing, were tested. We found that the persistence of the current level of browsing pressure impedes adaptive changes in community composition and sustains the presence of the vulnerable yet less palatable P. abies. These development trajectories were tortuous, characterized by a high disturbance intensity. On the contrary, reduced herbivory initiated a transformation towards the naturally dominant broadleaved species that was associated with an increased forest carbon and a considerably reduced disturbance. The conditions of RCP4.5 combined with high and moderate browsing levels preserved the forest within its reference range of variability, defining the actual boundaries of resilience. The remaining combinations of browsing and climate change led to ecosystem transitions. Under RCP4.5 with browsing effects excluded, the new equilibrium conditions were achieved within 120 years, whereas the stabilization was delayed by 50-100 years under RCP8.5 with higher browsing intensities. We conclude that forests dominated by P. abies are prone to transitions driven by climate change. However, reducing herbivory can set the forest on a stable and predictable trajectory, whereas sustaining the current browsing levels can lead to heightened disturbance activity, extended transition times, and high variability in the target conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dobor
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Baldo
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Bílek
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Barka
- National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - František Máliš
- National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hlásny
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
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20
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Demmer CR, Demmer S, McIntyre T. Drones as a tool to study and monitor endangered Grey Crowned Cranes ( Balearica regulorum): Behavioural responses and recommended guidelines. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10990. [PMID: 38352201 PMCID: PMC10862172 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Crane populations are declining worldwide, with anthropogenically exacerbated habitat loss emerging as the primary causal threat. The endangered Grey Crowned Crane (Balearica regulorum) is the least studied of the three crane species that reside in southern Africa. This data paucity hinders essential conservation planning and is primarily due to ineffective monitoring methods and this species' use of inaccessible habitats. In this study, we compared the behavioural responses of different Grey Crowned Crane social groupings to traditional on-foot monitoring methods and the pioneering use of drones. Grey Crowned Cranes demonstrated a lower tolerance for on-foot monitoring approaches, allowing closer monitoring proximity with drones (22.72 (95% confidence intervals - 13.75, 37.52) m) than on-foot methods (97.59 (86.13, 110.59) m) before displaying evasive behaviours. The behavioural response of flocks was minimal at flight heights above 50 m, whilst larger flocks were more likely to display evasive behaviours in response to monitoring by either method. Families displayed the least evasive behaviours to lower flights, whereas nesting birds were sensitive to the angles of drone approaches. Altogether, our findings confirm the usefulness of drones for monitoring wetland-nesting species and provide valuable species-specific guidelines for monitoring Grey Crowned Cranes. However, we caution future studies on wetland breeding birds to develop species-specific protocols before implementing drone methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen R. Demmer
- Department of Life and Consumer SciencesUniversity of South AfricaJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | | | - Trevor McIntyre
- Department of Life and Consumer SciencesUniversity of South AfricaJohannesburgSouth Africa
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21
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Bhattacharjee S, Linley S, Reisner E. Solar reforming as an emerging technology for circular chemical industries. Nat Rev Chem 2024:10.1038/s41570-023-00567-x. [PMID: 38291132 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The adverse environmental impacts of greenhouse gas emissions and persistent waste accumulation are driving the demand for sustainable approaches to clean-energy production and waste recycling. By coupling the thermodynamically favourable oxidation of waste-derived organic carbon streams with fuel-forming reduction reactions suitable for producing clean hydrogen or converting CO2 to fuels, solar reforming simultaneously valorizes waste and generates useful chemical products. With appropriate light harvesting, catalyst design, device configurations and waste pre-treatment strategies, a range of sustainable fuels and value-added chemicals can already be selectively produced from diverse waste feedstocks, including biomass and plastics, demonstrating the potential of solar-powered upcycling plants. This Review highlights solar reforming as an emerging technology that is currently transitioning from fundamental research towards practical application. We investigate the chemistry and compatibility of waste pre-treatment, introduce process classifications, explore the mechanisms of different solar reforming technologies, and suggest appropriate concepts, metrics and pathways for various deployment scenarios in a net-zero-carbon future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stuart Linley
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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22
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Chen Y, Palta JA. Editorial: Root structure and function adapting to climate change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1365263. [PMID: 38322823 PMCID: PMC10844959 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1365263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinglong Chen
- School of Agriculture and Environment, and UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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23
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Han J, Kim M, Mammadov Z, Lee S, Elzinga EJ, Mammadov G, Hwang W, Ro HM. Synergistic effect of climate change and water management: Historical and future soil salinity in the Kur-Araz lowland, Azerbaijan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167720. [PMID: 37827308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
While soil salinization is a major threat to the food security and sustainability of humanity, information on salinization in developing countries is limited. In this study, Landsat data were used to predict the salinization process from 1986 to 2021 in the Kur-Araz lowland of Azerbaijan, and water movement and salinity transport models were developed to calculate the effects of climate change and water management. The model results showed that increases in rainfall and drainage have led to dramatic improvements in soil salinity and agricultural productivity and that these changes were caused by the synergistic effect of climate change and water management. The future predictions indicate that rainfall will decrease due to the decrease in evaporation in the neighboring Caspian Sea, leading to further re-salinization. Soil re-salinization would be a severe threat to the sustainability of the agricultural industry and food security of Azerbaijan and neighboring countries. More scientific attention and efforts should be devoted to developing countries in preparation for the impact of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Han
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, United States.
| | - Minhee Kim
- Ministry of Environment, 229 Misagangbyeonhangang-ro, Hanam-si, Gyeonggi-do 12902, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zaman Mammadov
- Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku AZ10073, Azerbaijan.
| | - Seoyeon Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Evert J Elzinga
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, United States.
| | - Garib Mammadov
- Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku AZ10073, Azerbaijan.
| | - Wonjae Hwang
- Department of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Myong Ro
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Landuyt D, Perring MP, Blondeel H, De Lombaerde E, Depauw L, Lorer E, Maes SL, Baeten L, Bergès L, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Brūmelis G, Brunet J, Chudomelová M, Czerepko J, Decocq G, den Ouden J, De Frenne P, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Fichtner A, Gawryś R, Härdtle W, Hédl R, Heinrichs S, Heinken T, Jaroszewicz B, Kirby K, Kopecký M, Máliš F, Macek M, Mitchell FJG, Naaf T, Petřík P, Reczyńska K, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Swierkosz K, Smart SM, Van Calster H, Vild O, Waller DM, Wulf M, Verheyen K. Combining multiple investigative approaches to unravel functional responses to global change in the understorey of temperate forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17086. [PMID: 38273496 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Plant communities are being exposed to changing environmental conditions all around the globe, leading to alterations in plant diversity, community composition, and ecosystem functioning. For herbaceous understorey communities in temperate forests, responses to global change are postulated to be complex, due to the presence of a tree layer that modulates understorey responses to external pressures such as climate change and changes in atmospheric nitrogen deposition rates. Multiple investigative approaches have been put forward as tools to detect, quantify and predict understorey responses to these global-change drivers, including, among others, distributed resurvey studies and manipulative experiments. These investigative approaches are generally designed and reported upon in isolation, while integration across investigative approaches is rarely considered. In this study, we integrate three investigative approaches (two complementary resurvey approaches and one experimental approach) to investigate how climate warming and changes in nitrogen deposition affect the functional composition of the understorey and how functional responses in the understorey are modulated by canopy disturbance, that is, changes in overstorey canopy openness over time. Our resurvey data reveal that most changes in understorey functional characteristics represent responses to changes in canopy openness with shifts in macroclimate temperature and aerial nitrogen deposition playing secondary roles. Contrary to expectations, we found little evidence that these drivers interact. In addition, experimental findings deviated from the observational findings, suggesting that the forces driving understorey change at the regional scale differ from those driving change at the forest floor (i.e., the experimental treatments). Our study demonstrates that different approaches need to be integrated to acquire a full picture of how understorey communities respond to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Landuyt
- Forest&Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | - Michael P Perring
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (UKCEH), Bangor, UK
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Haben Blondeel
- Forest&Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | - Emiel De Lombaerde
- Forest&Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | - Leen Depauw
- Forest&Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | - Eline Lorer
- Forest&Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | - Sybryn L Maes
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest&Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | - Laurent Bergès
- Laboratoire ecosystèmes et sociétés en montagne (LESSEM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), St-Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Markus Bernhardt-Römermann
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Brunet
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Lomma, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Jan den Ouden
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest&Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | | | - Tomasz Durak
- Institute of Biology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Andreas Fichtner
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | | | - Werner Härdtle
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Steffi Heinrichs
- Department Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thilo Heinken
- General Botany, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Keith Kirby
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Fraser J G Mitchell
- Botany Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krzysztof Swierkosz
- Museum of Natural History, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Simon M Smart
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), Lancaster University, Bailrigg, UK
| | | | - Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Donald M Waller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest&Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
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25
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Tang B, Man J, Lehmann A, Rillig MC. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi benefit plants in response to major global change factors. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:2087-2097. [PMID: 37794719 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Land plants play a key role in global carbon cycling, but the potential role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the responses of a wide range of plant species to global change factors (GCFs) remains limited. Based on 1100 paired observations from 181 plant species, we conducted a meta-analysis to test the role of AMF in plant responses to four GCFs: drought, warming, nitrogen (N) addition and elevated CO2 . We show that AMF significantly ameliorate the negative effects of drought on plant performance. The GCFs N addition and elevated CO2 significantly enhance the performance of AM plants but not of non-inoculated plants. AM plants show better performance than their non-inoculated counterparts under warming, although neither of them showed a significant response to this GCF. These results suggest that AMF benefit plants in response to GCFs. Our study highlights the importance of AMF in enhancing plant performance under ongoing global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jing Man
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
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26
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Zhang W, Wen L. Research on the evaluation system of "vegetation-atmosphere-water" environmental coordination development under ecological management. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21359. [PMID: 37954390 PMCID: PMC10637898 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As environmental issues on a global scale continue to worsen, all regions are pursuing ecological management and sustainable development strategies. The coordinated development of the "vegetation-air-water" environment is one of the most essential research topics in ecological governance. The purpose of this paper is to develop an evaluation system for the development of environmental governance in Shaanxi Province, as well as to evaluate the benefits of environmental governance in Shaanxi Province from 2012 to 2021 and its influencing factors. An index system for the coordinated development of "vegetation-atmosphere-water" is constructed, and the benefits and influencing factors of environmental governance are comprehensively analysed by using comprehensive analysis methods such as the coupled coordination model of the system and entropy weight TOPSIS. The results indicate that the development trend of the coupling coordination degree has evolved through the stages of "uncoordinated development at the early stage of governance, transformed development at the middle stage of governance, and coordinated development at the first success stage of governance." In addition, we identify the obstacles to the coordinated development of the environment and suggest appropriate countermeasures. The efficacy of environmental policy governance provides recommendations for future enhancements. It is important to note that ecological governance is influenced by both policy and nature; political influences, such as the switch from "returning farmland to forests" to "returning forests to farmland," will result in the destruction of the original good vegetation growth, which will significantly reduce the coordinated benefits of ecological governance. The original coordinated system will also be fractured, which is a problem worth contemplating. And policymakers, researchers, and practitioners can use the evaluation system and analysis method proposed in this paper as an effective tool to promote sustainable development and ecological governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidi Zhang
- Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
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27
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Zhu K, Cheng Y, Zhou Q, Kápolnai Z, Dávid LD. The contributions of climate and land use/cover changes to water yield services considering geographic scale. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20115. [PMID: 37810821 PMCID: PMC10550635 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Water yield services are critical for maintaining ecological sustainability and regional economies. Climate change and land use/cover change (LUCC) significantly affect regional water yield, but the spatiotemporal variability of water yield services has been overlooked in previous studies. This study aims to explore the relative contributions of climate and land use/cover changes to water yield services at both grid and subwatershed scales. Methods This study employed the InVEST model to calculate the water yield in the study area and employed a multi-scenario simulation approach to investigate the impacts of climate change and LUCC on water yield at both grid and subwatershed scales. Furthermore, the contributions of these two types of changes to water yield were quantified. Results Firstly, upstream areas experience significantly lower annual average precipitation, temperature, and potential evapotranspiration than downstream areas, with worsening drought severity. Secondly, urbanization led to significant LUCC, with decreases in farmland and grassland and increases in forest, water, building land, and unused land. Thirdly, the spatial heterogeneity of water yield services remains consistent across different scales, but more pronounced spatial clustering is observed at the subwatershed scale. Fourthly, climate change is the primary factor affecting regional water yield services, surpassing the influence of LUCC. Lastly, LUCC significantly impacts water cycling in watersheds, with vegetation coverage being a critical factor affecting water yield. Conclusion These findings highlight the need to consider the complex relationships between climate change, LUCC, and water yield services at multiple scales in water resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zsombor Kápolnai
- Doctoral School of Economic and Regional Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Godollo, 2100, Hungary
| | - Lóránt Dénes Dávid
- Institute of Rural Development and Sustainable Economy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Godollo, 2100, Hungary
- Faculty of Economics and Business, John von Neumann University, Kecskemet, 6000, Hungary
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28
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Feigin SV, Wiebers DO, Lueddeke G, Morand S, Lee K, Knight A, Brainin M, Feigin VL, Whitfort A, Marcum J, Shackelford TK, Skerratt LF, Winkler AS. Proposed solutions to anthropogenic climate change: A systematic literature review and a new way forward. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20544. [PMID: 37867892 PMCID: PMC10585315 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Humanity is now facing what may be the biggest challenge to its existence: irreversible climate change brought about by human activity. Our planet is in a state of emergency, and we only have a short window of time (7-8 years) to enact meaningful change. The goal of this systematic literature review is to summarize the peer-reviewed literature on proposed solutions to climate change in the last 20 years (2002-2022), and to propose a framework for a unified approach to solving this climate change crisis. Solutions reviewed include a transition toward use of renewable energy resources, reduced energy consumption, rethinking the global transport sector, and nature-based solutions. This review highlights one of the most important but overlooked pieces in the puzzle of solving the climate change problem - the gradual shift to a plant-based diet and global phaseout of factory (industrialized animal) farming, the most damaging and prolific form of animal agriculture. The gradual global phaseout of industrialized animal farming can be achieved by increasingly replacing animal meat and other animal products with plant-based products, ending government subsidies for animal-based meat, dairy, and eggs, and initiating taxes on such products. Failure to act will ultimately result in a scenario of irreversible climate change with widespread famine and disease, global devastation, climate refugees, and warfare. We therefore suggest an "All Life" approach, invoking the interconnectedness of all life forms on our planet. The logistics for achieving this include a global standardization of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) or similar measures and the introduction of a regulatory body for verification of such measures. These approaches will help deliver environmental and sustainability benefits for our planet far beyond an immediate reduction in global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George Lueddeke
- Centre for the Study of Resilience and Future Africa, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), India
| | - Serge Morand
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology (CNRS), Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kelley Lee
- Pacific Institute on Pathogens, Pandemics and Society, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Global Health Governance, Canada
| | - Andrew Knight
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Winchester, Winchester, UK
| | - Michael Brainin
- Clinical Neurosciences and Preventive Medicine, Danube University Krems, Austria
| | - Valery L. Feigin
- National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Amanda Whitfort
- Department of Professional Legal Education, Faculty of Law, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - James Marcum
- Department of Philosophy, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Todd K. Shackelford
- Department of Psychology and Center for Evolutionary Psychological Science, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Lee F. Skerratt
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea S. Winkler
- Center for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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Boyd JN, Baskauf C, Lindsay A, Anderson JT, Brzyski J, Cruse‐Sanders J. Phenotypic plasticity and genetic diversity shed light on endemism of rare Boechera perstellata and its potential vulnerability to climate warming. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10540. [PMID: 37720057 PMCID: PMC10502469 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid pace of contemporary environmental change puts many species at risk, especially rare species constrained by limited capacity to adapt or migrate due to low genetic diversity and/or fitness. But the ability to acclimate can provide another way to persist through change. We compared the capacity of rare Boechera perstellata (Braun's rockcress) and widespread B. laevigata to acclimate to change. We investigated the phenotypic plasticity of growth, biomass allocation, and leaf morphology of individuals of B. perstellata and B. laevigata propagated from seed collected from several populations throughout their ranges in a growth chamber experiment to assess their capacity to acclimate. Concurrently, we assessed the genetic diversity of sampled populations using 17 microsatellite loci to assess evolutionary potential. Plasticity was limited in both rare B. perstellata and widespread B. laevigata, but differences in the plasticity of root traits between species suggest that B. perstellata may have less capacity to acclimate to change. In contrast to its widespread congener, B. perstellata exhibited no plasticity in response to temperature and weaker plastic responses to water availability. As expected, B. perstellata also had lower levels of observed heterozygosity than B. laevigata at the species level, but population-level trends in diversity measures were inconsistent due to high heterogeneity among B. laevigata populations. Overall, the ability of phenotypic plasticity to broadly explain the rarity of B. perstellata versus commonness of B. laevigata is limited. However, some contextual aspects of our plasticity findings compared with its relatively low genetic variability may shed light on the narrow range and habitat associations of B. perstellata and suggest its vulnerability to climate warming due to acclimatory and evolutionary constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Nagel Boyd
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Tennessee at ChattanoogaChattanoogaTennesseeUSA
| | - Carol Baskauf
- Department of BiologyAustin Peay State UniversityClarksvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Annie Lindsay
- Department of BiologyAustin Peay State UniversityClarksvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jill T. Anderson
- Department of Genetics, Odum School of Ecology, Davison Life SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jessica Brzyski
- Department of BiologySeton Hill UniversityGreensburgPennsylvaniaUSA
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30
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Meena P, Jha V. Environmental Change, Changing Biodiversity, and Infections-Lessons for Kidney Health Community. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:1714-1729. [PMID: 37705916 PMCID: PMC10496083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a direct and accelerating connection between ongoing environmental change, the unprecedented decline in biodiversity, and the increase in infectious disease epidemiology worldwide. Rising global temperatures are threatening the biodiversity that underpins the richness and diversity of flora and fauna species in our ecosystem. Anthropogenic activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, rapid urbanization, and expanding population are the primary drivers of environmental change resulting in biodiversity collapse. Climate change is influencing the emergence, prevalence, and transmission of infectious diseases both directly and through its impact on biodiversity. The environment is gradually becoming more suitable for infectious diseases by affecting a variety of pathogens, hosts, and vectors and by favoring transmission rates in many parts of the world that were until recently free of these infections. The acute effects of these zoonotic, vector and waterborne diseases are well known; however, evidence is emerging about their role in the development of chronic kidney disease. The pathways linking environmental change and biodiversity loss to infections impacting kidney health are diverse and complex. Climate change and biodiversity loss disproportionately affect the vulnerable and limit their ability to access healthcare. The kidney health community needs to contribute to the issue of environmental change and biodiversity loss through multisectoral action alongside government, policymakers, advocates, businesses, and the general population. We describe various aspects of the environmental change effects on the transmission and emergence of infectious diseases particularly focusing on its potential impact on kidney health. We also discuss the adaptive and mitigation measures and the gaps in research and policy action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Meena
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, New Delhi, India
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
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31
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Alipek S, Maelzer M, Paumen Y, Schauer-Weisshahn H, Moll J. An Efficient Neural Network Design Incorporating Autoencoders for the Classification of Bat Echolocation Sounds. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2560. [PMID: 37627350 PMCID: PMC10451853 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats are widely distributed around the world, have adapted to many different environments and are highly sensitive to changes in their habitat, which makes them essential bioindicators of environmental changes. Passive acoustic monitoring over long durations, like months or years, accumulates large amounts of data, turning the manual identification process into a time-consuming task for human experts. Automated acoustic monitoring of bat activity is therefore an effective and necessary approach for bat conservation, especially in wind energy applications, where flying animals like bats and birds have high fatality rates. In this work, we provide a neural-network-based approach for bat echolocation pulse detection with subsequent genus classification and species classification under real-world conditions, including various types of noise. Our supervised model is supported by an unsupervised learning pipeline that uses autoencoders to compress linear spectrograms into latent feature vectors that are fed into a UMAP clustering algorithm. This pipeline offers additional insights into the data properties, aiding in model interpretation. We compare data collected from two locations over two consecutive years sampled at four heights (10 m, 35 m, 65 m and 95 m). With sufficient data for each labeled bat class, our model is able to comprehend the full echolocation soundscape of a species or genus while still being computationally efficient and simple by design. Measured classification F1 scores in a previously unknown test set range from 92.3% to 99.7% for species and from 94.6% to 99.4% for genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Alipek
- Department of Physics, Goethe University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Moritz Maelzer
- Department of Physics, Goethe University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Yannick Paumen
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | | | - Jochen Moll
- Department of Physics, Goethe University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.M.); (J.M.)
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32
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Uniyal B, Kosatica E, Koellner T. Spatial and temporal variability of climate change impacts on ecosystem services in small agricultural catchments using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162520. [PMID: 36868279 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and anthropogenic activities alter the ecosystem which affects the ecosystem services (ES) associated with it. Therefore, the objective in this study is to quantify the impact of climate change on different regulation and provisioning ecosystem services. For this, we propose a modelling framework to simulate the impact of climate change on streamflow, nitrate loads, erosion, and crop yield in terms of ES indices for two agricultural catchments (Schwesnitz and Schwabach) located in Bavaria, Germany. The agro-hydrologic model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is used to simulate the considered ES in past (1990-2019), near future (2030-2059) and far future (2070-2099) climatic conditions. Three different bias-corrected (Representative Concentration Pathway, RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5) climate projections from five different climate models retrieved from the Bavarian State Office for Environment (∼5 km) are used in this research to simulate the impact of climate change on ES. The developed SWAT models were calibrated for the major crops (1995 to 2018) present in the respective watersheds as well as for daily streamflow (1995 to 2008), which gave promising results with good PBIAS and Kling-Gupta Efficiency. The impact of climate change on erosion regulation, food and feed provisioning, and water quantity and water quality regulation were quantified in terms of indices. When using the ensemble of the five climate models, no significant impact on ES was seen due to climate change. Furthermore, the impact of climate change on different ES services from the two catchment is different. The findings of this study will be valuable for devising suitable management practices for sustainable water management at the catchment level to cope with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Uniyal
- University of Bayreuth, Professorship of Ecological Services, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Universitaetsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Ervin Kosatica
- University of Bayreuth, Professorship of Ecological Services, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Universitaetsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Koellner
- University of Bayreuth, Professorship of Ecological Services, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Universitaetsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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Sharma S, Sharma V, Chatterjee S. Contribution of plastic and microplastic to global climate change and their conjoining impacts on the environment - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162627. [PMID: 36889403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are fossil fuel-derived products. The emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) during different processes involved in the lifecycle of plastic-related products are a significant threat to the environment as it contributes to global temperature rise. By 2050, a high volume of plastic production will be responsible for up to 13 % of our planet's total carbon budget. The global emissions of GHG and their persistence in the environment have depleted Earth's residual carbon resources and have generated an alarming feedback loop. Each year at least 8 million tonnes of discarded plastics are entering our oceans, creating concerns regarding plastic toxicity on marine biota as they end up in the food chain and ultimately affect human health. The unsuccessful management of plastic waste and its presence on the riverbanks, coastlines, and landscapes leads to the emission of a higher percentage of GHG in the atmosphere. The persistence of microplastics is also a significant threat to the fragile and extreme ecosystem containing diverse life forms with low genetic variation, making them vulnerable to climatic change. In this review, we have categorically discussed the contribution of plastic and plastic waste to global climate change covering the current plastic production and future trends, the types of plastics and plastic materials used globally, plastic lifecycle and GHG emission, and how microplastics become a major threat to ocean carbon sequestration and marine health. The conjoining impact of plastic pollution and climate change on the environment and human health has also been discussed in detail. In the end, we have also discussed some strategies to reduce the climate impact of plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivika Sharma
- Biochemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh, National Institute of Bioenergy, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-Jalandhar, India
| | - Subhankar Chatterjee
- Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Dept. of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605 014, India.
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Dos Santos GS, de Souza TL, Teixeira TR, Brandão JPC, Santana KA, Barreto LHS, Cunha SDS, Dos Santos DCMB, Caffrey CR, Pereira NS, de Freitas Santos Júnior A. Seaweeds and Corals from the Brazilian Coast: Review on Biotechnological Potential and Environmental Aspects. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114285. [PMID: 37298760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazil has a megadiversity that includes marine species that are distributed along 800 km of shoreline. This biodiversity status holds promising biotechnological potential. Marine organisms are important sources of novel chemical species, with applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, chemical, and nutraceutical fields. However, ecological pressures derived from anthropogenic actions, including the bioaccumulation of potentially toxic elements and microplastics, impact promising species. This review describes the current status of the biotechnological and environmental aspects of seaweeds and corals from the Brazilian coast, including publications from the last 5 years (from January 2018 to December 2022). The search was conducted in the main public databases (PubChem, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar) and in the Espacenet database (European Patent Office-EPO) and the Brazilian National Property Institute (INPI). Bioprospecting studies were reported for seventy-one seaweed species and fifteen corals, but few targeted the isolation of compounds. The antioxidant potential was the most investigated biological activity. Despite being potential sources of macro- and microelements, there is a literature gap regarding the presence of potentially toxic elements and other emergent contaminants, such as microplastics, in seaweeds and corals from the Brazilian coast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thais Luz de Souza
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, BA, Brazil
| | - Thaiz Rodrigues Teixeira
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Keila Almeida Santana
- Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador 41150-000, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Samantha de Souza Cunha
- Department of Exact and Earths Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador 41150-000, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Conor R Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Natan Silva Pereira
- Department of Exact and Earths Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador 41150-000, BA, Brazil
| | - Aníbal de Freitas Santos Júnior
- Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador 41150-000, BA, Brazil
- Department of Exact and Earths Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador 41150-000, BA, Brazil
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Fang W, Huang Q, Huang G, Ming B, Quan Q, Li P, Guo Y, Zheng X, Feng G, Peng J. Assessment of dynamic drought-induced ecosystem risk: Integrating time-varying hazard frequency, exposure and vulnerability. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118176. [PMID: 37207461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystems, occupying 28.26% of Earth's surface, are extensively at risk from droughts, which is likely to propagate into human communities owing to loss of vital services. Ecosystem risk also tends to fluctuate within anthropogenically-forced nonstationary environments, raising considerable concerns about effectiveness of mitigation strategies. This study aims to assess dynamic ecosystem risk induced by droughts and identify risk hotspots. Bivariate nonstationary drought frequency was initially derived as a hazard component of risk. By coupling vegetation coverage and biomass quantity, a two-dimensional exposure indicator was developed. Trivariate likelihood of vegetation decline was calculated under arbitrary droughts to intuitively determine ecosystem vulnerability. Ultimately, time-variant drought frequency, exposure and vulnerability were multiplied to derive dynamic ecosystem risk, followed by hotspot and attribution analyses. Risk assessment implemented in the drought-prevalent Pearl River basin (PRB) of China during 1982-2017 showed that meteorological droughts in eastern and western margins, although less frequent, were prolonged and aggravated in contrast to prevalence of less persistent and severe droughts in the middle. In 86.12% of the PRB, ecosystem exposure maintains high levels (0.62). Relatively high vulnerability (>0.5) occurs in water-demanding agroecosystems, exhibiting a northwest-southeast-directed extension. A 0.1-degree risk atlas unveils that high and medium risks occupy 18.96% and 37.99% of the PRB, while risks are magnified in the north. The most pressing hotspots with high risk continuing to escalate reside in the East River and Hongliu River basins. Our results provide knowledge of composition, spatio-temporal variability and driving mechanism of drought-induced ecosystem risk, which will assist in risk-based mitigation prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, School of Water Resources and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, School of Water Resources and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Gordon Huang
- Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Bo Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, School of Water Resources and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China.
| | - Quan Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, School of Water Resources and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China.
| | - Pei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, School of Water Resources and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, School of Water Resources and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xudong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, School of Water Resources and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, School of Water Resources and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Remote Sensing, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Remote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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He Y, Liu WJ, Jia N, Richardson S, Huang C. Viral respiratory infections in a rapidly changing climate: the need to prepare for the next pandemic. EBioMedicine 2023:104593. [PMID: 37169688 PMCID: PMC10363434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) cause seasonal epidemics and pandemics, with their transmission influenced by climate conditions. Despite the risks posed by novel VRIs, the relationships between climate change and VRIs remain poorly understood. In this review, we synthesized existing literature to explore the connections between changes in meteorological conditions, extreme weather events, long-term climate warming, and seasonal outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics of VRIs from an interdisciplinary perspective. We proposed a comprehensive conceptual framework highlighting the potential biological, socioeconomic, and ecological mechanisms underlying the impact of climate change on VRIs. Our findings suggested that climate change increases the risk of VRI emergence and transmission by affecting the biology of viruses, host susceptibility, human behavior, and environmental conditions of both society and ecosystems. Further interdisciplinary research is needed to address the dual challenge of climate change and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong He
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - William J Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Na Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Sol Richardson
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Contiliani DF, Nebó JFCDO, Ribeiro RV, Landell MGDA, Pereira TC, Ming R, Figueira A, Creste S. Drought-triggered leaf transcriptional responses disclose key molecular pathways underlying leaf water use efficiency in sugarcane ( Saccharum spp.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1182461. [PMID: 37223790 PMCID: PMC10200899 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1182461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major constraint to sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production and improving the water use efficiency (WUE) is a critical trait for the sustainability of this bioenergy crop. The molecular mechanism underlying WUE remains underexplored in sugarcane. Here, we investigated the drought-triggered physiological and transcriptional responses of two sugarcane cultivars contrasting for drought tolerance, 'IACSP97-7065' (sensitive) and 'IACSP94-2094' (tolerant). After 21 days without irrigation (DWI), only 'IACSP94-2094' exhibited superior WUE and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, with the net CO2 assimilation being less impacted when compared with 'IACSP97-7065'. RNA-seq of sugarcane leaves at 21 DWI revealed a total of 1,585 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for both genotypes, among which 'IACSP94-2094' showed 617 (38.9%) exclusive transcripts (212 up- and 405 down-regulated). Functional enrichment analyses of these unique DEGs revealed several relevant biological processes, such as photosynthesis, transcription factors, signal transduction, solute transport, and redox homeostasis. The better drought-responsiveness of 'IACSP94-2094' suggested signaling cascades that foster transcriptional regulation of genes implicated in the Calvin cycle and transport of water and carbon dioxide, which are expected to support the high WUE and carboxylation efficiency observed for this genotype under water deficit. Moreover, the robust antioxidant system of the drought-tolerant genotype might serve as a molecular shield against the drought-associated overproduction of reactive oxygen species. This study provides relevant data that may be used to develop novel strategies for sugarcane breeding programs and to understand the genetic basis of drought tolerance and WUE improvement of sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyel F. Contiliani
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Sugarcane Center, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael V. Ribeiro
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago C. Pereira
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ray Ming
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Antonio Figueira
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Creste
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Sugarcane Center, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Agache I, Laculiceanu A, Spanu D, Grigorescu D. The Concept of One Health for Allergic Diseases and Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2023; 15:290-302. [PMID: 37188486 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2023.15.3.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of allergic disease is rising as a result of complex gene-environment interactions that shape the immune system and host response. Climate change and loss of biodiversity are existential threats to humans, animals, plants, and ecosystems. While there is significant progress in the development of targeted therapeutic options to treat allergies and asthma, these approaches are inadequate to meet the challenges faced by climate change. The exposomic approach is needed with the recognition of the bidirectional effect between human beings and the environment. All stakeholders need to work together toward mitigating the effects of climate change and promoting a One Health concept in order to decrease the burden of asthma and allergy and to improve immune health. Healthcare professionals should strive to incorporate One Health counseling, environmental health precepts, and advocacy into their practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania.
| | | | - Daniela Spanu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Dan Grigorescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
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Piirainen S, Lehikoinen A, Husby M, Kålås JA, Lindström Å, Ovaskainen O. Species distributions models may predict accurately future distributions but poorly how distributions change: A critical perspective on model validation. DIVERS DISTRIB 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sirke Piirainen
- Zoological Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Arctic Centre University of Lapland Rovaniemi Finland
| | - Aleksi Lehikoinen
- Zoological Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Magne Husby
- Section of Science Nord University Levanger Norway
- BirdLife Norway Trondheim Norway
| | | | | | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
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40
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Shoshany M, Mozhaeva S. Climate and aridity measures relationships with spectral vegetation indices across desert fringe shrublands in the South-Eastern Mediterranean Basin. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:563. [PMID: 37052730 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean regions are hot spots of climate change, where the expected decrease in water resources threatens the sustainability of shrublands at their arid margins. Studying spectral vegetation indices' relationships with rainfall and potential evapotranspiration (PET) changes across Mediterranean to arid transition zones is instrumental for developing methods for mapping and monitoring the effects of climate change on desert fringe shrublands. Here we examined relationships between 17 spectral vegetation indices (VIs) and four climate and aridity measures, i.e., rainfall, PET, aridity index (AI), and water deficit (WD), calculated at accumulation lags between 1 and 6 months. For this purpose, VIs for 38 sites (100 × 100 m each) representing less disturbed areas were extracted from Sentinel 2A images for 3 years with high (2016), low (2017), and average (2018) annual rainfall. Most of the VIs had shown the highest correlation with the four climate and aridity measures at 2-month accumulation interval. While NDVI relationships with climate measures gained the widest use, our data suggest that indices combining NIR and SWIR bands better correlate with climate parameters. AI is one of the leading annual measures of dryness worldwide; when calculating it monthly, WD was found to represent better the balance between precipitation and PET across the climate transition zone and to be better correlated with VIs. Relationships between NIR and SWIR VIs and water deficit may thus facilitate improvements in monitoring and mapping desert fringe shrublands' responses to climate change if supported by similar results from other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Shoshany
- Mapping & GeoInformation Engineering, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
| | - Sofia Mozhaeva
- Mapping & GeoInformation Engineering, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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Rana AK, Kumar N. Current wildlife crime (Indian scenario): major challenges and prevention approaches. BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2023; 32:1473-1491. [PMID: 37063172 PMCID: PMC10025790 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-023-02577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The constant depletion of wild flora and fauna in India due to uncontrolled human activities, natural habitat destruction and covert poaching activities is threatening the ecological balance. The poaching and trafficking of wild species in the lure of money as well as fashion has wiped out a range of wildlife species that call for critical attention to tackle this menace. There are many transit routes through the states of Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Assam, which are major hubs for wildlife trafficking in India, in both domestic and international markets. The poaching of wild animals and plants slowly erases biodiversity, which in turn affects the survival of humans and other living species. Therefore, there is an urgent need to check ongoing wildlife crimes, raise the number of endangered species, rehabilitate exotic/extinct species and restore natural ecosystems. In this article, we collected wildlife crime data from web portals of various stakeholders, government agencies and authentic news sources, and discuss the current crime trends, challenges, and prevention approaches required to control and restore wildlife biodiversity in India. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10531-023-02577-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Rana
- Division of Biology, Central Forensic Science Laboratory Hyderabad, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, Amberpet post, Ramanthapur, Hyderabad, Telangana 500013 India
| | - Nishant Kumar
- Quality Control, Bihar, Patna, Department of Agriculture, Government of Bihar, Patna, 800001 India
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Climatic conditions drive vegetation patterns: A theoretical and practical evidence: Comments on "Impacts of climate change on vegetation pattern: Mathematical modelling and data analysis" by Sun et al. (2022). Phys Life Rev 2023; 44:89-90. [PMID: 36563477 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhang L, Shen C, Xue SJ, Xu C. From regular to irregular: Unveiling climate change imprints from vegetation patterns: Comment on "Impacts of climate change on vegetation pattern: Mathematical modelling and data analysis" by Sun et al. Phys Life Rev 2023; 44:119-121. [PMID: 36634558 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lai Zhang
- School of Mathematical Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Cao Shen
- School of Mathematical Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Sheng-Jia Xue
- School of Mathematical Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Chi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Niedrist GH. Substantial warming of Central European mountain rivers under climate change. REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE 2023; 23:43. [PMID: 36814931 PMCID: PMC9938829 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-023-02037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Water bodies around the world are currently warming with unprecedented rates since observations started, but warming occurs highly variable among ecoregions. So far, mountain rivers were expected to experience attenuated warming due to cold water input from snow or ice. However, air temperatures in mountain areas are increasing faster than the global average, and therefore warming effects are expected for cold riverine ecosystems. In decomposing multi-decadal water temperature data of two Central European mountain rivers with different discharge and water source regime, this work identified so far unreported (a) long-term warming trends (with river-size dependent rates between +0.24 and +0.44 °C decade-1); but also (b) seasonal shifts with both rivers warming not only during summer, but also in winter months (i.e., up to +0.52 °C decade-1 in November); (c) significantly increasing minimum and maximum temperatures (e.g., temperatures in a larger river no longer reach freezing point since 1996 and maximum temperatures increased at rates between +0.4 and +0.7 °C decade-1); and (d) an expanding of warm-water periods during recent decades in these ecosystems. Our results show a substantial warming effect of mountain rivers with significant month-specific warming rates not only during summer but also in winter, suggesting that mountain river phenology continues to change with ongoing atmospheric warming. Furthermore, this work demonstrates that apart from a general warming, also seasonal shifts, changes in extreme temperatures, and expanding warm periods will play a role for ecological components of mountain rivers and should be considered in climate change assessments and mitigation management. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10113-023-02037-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg H. Niedrist
- River and Conservation Research, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Dasgupta P, Shakya B. Ecosystem services as systemic enablers for transformation in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: an analytical synthesis. REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE 2023; 23:39. [PMID: 36789004 PMCID: PMC9912225 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-022-02022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Centre-staging ecosystem services within development paradigms can improve understanding on the flow of benefits from nature to human societies across time, scale and geographies, and trigger well-being-oriented societal and policy responses in the Hindu Kush Himalaya region. This region is amongst the world's most biodiverse, has high-value nature-society interactions, supports one-fourth of humanity and faces several developmental challenges. An assessment of the existing evidence establishes that substantial benefits and values can be gained by nurturing the relationship between ecosystems and socio-economic systems. Mainstreaming ecosystem services in the development agenda helps address poverty and intersectionality, preserves culture and heritage, and enables holistic transformation in the region. The Nature Futures Framework of the IPBES is used to develop and apply an analytical framework for the region, in which ecosystem service-oriented action pathways are considered to be relevant and feasible for attaining sustainability. Three pathways, labelled as Prevention, Restoration and Development innovation, incorporate strategies and actions that mainstream ecosystem services and uphold the multiple values placed on nature by society. Illustrations are used to demonstrate the significant potential for policy action in creating positive impacts on both nature and society with the adoption of a Nature Futures framing for the region. The region has the potential to demonstrate the operationalisation of an integrated framework for nurturing nature-people relationships, in the pursuit of transformative change as envisioned under the sustainable development agenda. Ecosystem services can enable such transformative change, acting as triggers for action that mainstream nature into developmental decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bandana Shakya
- Ecosystem Services Theme Lead, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Khumaltar, Nepal
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Booth CG, Guilpin M, Darias-O’Hara AK, Ransijn JM, Ryder M, Rosen D, Pirotta E, Smout S, McHuron EA, Nabe-Nielsen J, Costa DP. Estimating energetic intake for marine mammal bioenergetic models. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coac083. [PMID: 36756464 PMCID: PMC9900471 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioenergetics is the study of how animals achieve energetic balance. Energetic balance results from the energetic expenditure of an individual and the energy they extract from their environment. Ingested energy depends on several extrinsic (e.g prey species, nutritional value and composition, prey density and availability) and intrinsic factors (e.g. foraging effort, success at catching prey, digestive processes and associated energy losses, and digestive capacity). While the focus in bioenergetic modelling is often on the energetic costs an animal incurs, the robust estimation of an individual's energy intake is equally critical for producing meaningful predictions. Here, we review the components and processes that affect energy intake from ingested gross energy to biologically useful net energy (NE). The current state of knowledge of each parameter is reviewed, shedding light on research gaps to advance this field. The review highlighted that the foraging behaviour of many marine mammals is relatively well studied via biologging tags, with estimates of success rate typically assumed for most species. However, actual prey capture success rates are often only assumed, although we note studies that provide approaches for its estimation using current techniques. A comprehensive collation of the nutritional content of marine mammal prey species revealed a robust foundation from which prey quality (comprising prey species, size and energy density) can be assessed, though data remain unavailable for many prey species. Empirical information on various energy losses following ingestion of prey was unbalanced among marine mammal species, with considerably more literature available for pinnipeds. An increased understanding and accurate estimate of each of the components that comprise a species NE intake are an integral part of bioenergetics. Such models provide a key tool to investigate the effects of disturbance on marine mammals at an individual and population level and to support effective conservation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac G Booth
- Corresponding author: SMRU Consulting, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, East Sands, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, UK.
| | | | - Aimee-Kate Darias-O’Hara
- SMRU Consulting, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, East Sands, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Janneke M Ransijn
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, East Sands, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Megan Ryder
- SMRU Consulting, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, East Sands, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Dave Rosen
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall,
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Enrico Pirotta
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling,
The Observatory, Buchanan
Gardens, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews,
KY16 9LZ, UK
| | - Sophie Smout
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, East Sands, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Elizabeth A McHuron
- Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Jacob Nabe-Nielsen
- Marine Mammal Research, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-4000
Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Daniel P Costa
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of California Santa Cruz, 130
McAlister Way, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
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47
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Bhandary S, Deb S, Sharathi Dutta P. Rising temperature drives tipping points in mutualistic networks. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221363. [PMID: 36756070 PMCID: PMC9890100 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The effect of climate warming on species' physiological parameters, including growth rate, mortality rate and handling time, is well established from empirical data. However, with an alarming rise in global temperature more than ever, predicting the interactive influence of these changes on mutualistic communities remains uncertain. Using 139 real plant-pollinator networks sampled across the globe and a modelling approach, we study the impact of species' individual thermal responses on mutualistic communities. We show that at low mutualistic strength plant-pollinator networks are at potential risk of rapid transitions at higher temperatures. Evidently, generalist species play a critical role in guiding tipping points in mutualistic networks. Further, we derive stability criteria for the networks in a range of temperatures using a two-dimensional reduced model. We identify network structures that can ascertain the delay of a community collapse. Until the end of this century, on account of increasing climate warming many real mutualistic networks are likely to be under the threat of sudden collapse, and we frame strategies to mitigate this. Together, our results indicate that knowing individual species' thermal responses and network structure can improve predictions for communities facing rapid transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Bhandary
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140 001, Punjab, India
| | - Smita Deb
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140 001, Punjab, India
| | - Partha Sharathi Dutta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140 001, Punjab, India
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48
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Thomas KA, Stauffer BA, Jarchow CJ. Decoupling of species and plant communities of the U.S. Southwest: A
CCSM4
climate scenario example. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Thomas
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Brett A. Stauffer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center Tucson Arizona USA
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49
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Frei D, Reichlin P, Seehausen O, Feulner PGD. Introgression from extinct species facilitates adaptation to its vacated niche. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:841-853. [PMID: 36458574 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbances of ecosystems are causing a loss of biodiversity at an unprecedented rate. Species extinctions often leave ecological niches underutilized, and their colonization by other species may require new adaptation. In Lake Constance, on the borders of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, an endemic profundal whitefish species went extinct during a period of anthropogenic eutrophication. In the process of extinction, the deep-water species hybridized with three surviving whitefish species of Lake Constance, resulting in introgression of genetic variation that is potentially adaptive in deep-water habitats. Here, we sampled a water depth gradient across a known spawning ground of one of these surviving species, Coregonus macrophthalmus, and caught spawning individuals at greater depths (down to 90 m) than historically recorded. We sequenced a total of 96 whole genomes, 11-17 for each of six different spawning depth populations (4, 12, 20, 40, 60 and 90 m), to document genomic intraspecific differentiation along a water depth gradient. We identified 52 genomic regions that are potentially under divergent selection between the deepest (90 m) and all shallower (4-60 m) spawning habitats. At 12 (23.1%) of these 52 loci, the allele frequency pattern across historical and contemporary populations suggests that introgression from the extinct species potentially facilitates ongoing adaptation to deep water. Our results are consistent with the syngameon hypothesis, proposing that hybridization between members of an adaptive radiation can promote further niche expansion and diversification. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that introgression from extinct into extant species can be a source of evolvability, enabling rapid adaptation to environmental change, and may contribute to the ecological recovery of ecosystem functions after extinctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Frei
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Reichlin
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philine G D Feulner
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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50
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Begou P, Kassomenos P. The ecosyndemic framework of the global environmental change and the COVID-19 pandemic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159327. [PMID: 36220476 PMCID: PMC9547397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ecosyndemic theory combines the concept of 'synergy' with 'epidemic' and the term "eco" implies the role of the environmental changes. Each of the conditions enhances the negative impacts of the other in an additive way making our society more vulnerable and heightening individual risk factors. In this study, we analyze the mutually reinforcing links between the environment and health from the complexity angle of the ecosyndemic theory and propose the characterization of the COVID-19 pandemic as ecosyndemic. We use the term 'ecosyndemic' because the global environmental change contributes to local-scale, regional-scale and global-scale alterations of the Earth's systems. These changes have their root causes in the way that people interact with the physical, chemical, and biotic factors of the environment. These interactions disturb nature and the consequences have feedbacks in every living organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Begou
- Laboratory of Meteorology and Climatology, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Pavlos Kassomenos
- Laboratory of Meteorology and Climatology, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
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