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Lin Z, Lu X, Xu Y, Sun W, Yu Y, Zhang W, Mishra U, Kuzyakov Y, Wang G, Qin Z. Increased straw return promoted soil organic carbon accumulation in China's croplands over the past 40 years. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173903. [PMID: 38880154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Quantifying changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks within croplands across a broad spatiotemporal scale in response to anthropogenic and environmental factors offers valuable insights for sustainable agriculture aimed to improve soil health. Using a validated and widely used soil carbon model RothC, we simulated the SOC dynamics across intensive croplands in China that support ∼22 % of the global population using only 7 % of the global cropland area. The modelling results demonstrate that the optimized RothC effectively captures SOC dynamics measured across 29 long-term field trials during 40 years. Between 1980 and 2020, the average SOC at the top 30 cm in croplands increased from 40 Mg C ha-1 to 49 Mg C ha-1, resulting in a national carbon sequestration of 1100 Tg C, with an average carbon sequestration rate of 27 Tg C yr-1. The annual increase rate of SOC (relative to the SOC stock of the previous year), starting at <0.2 % yr-1 in the 1980s, reached around 0.4 % yr-1 in the 1990s and further rose to about 0.8 % yr-1 in the 2000s and 2010s. Notably, the eastern and southern regions, comprising about 40 % of the croplands, contributed about two-thirds of the national SOC gain. In northeast China, SOC slightly decreased from 58 Mg C ha-1 in 1980 to 57 Mg C ha-1 in 2020, resulting in a total decline of 28 Tg C. Increased organic C inputs, particularly from the straw return, was the crucial factor in SOC increase. Future strategies should focus on region-specific optimization of straw management. Specifically, in northeast China, increasing the proportion of straw returned to fields can prevent further SOC decline. In regions with SOC increase, such as the eastern and southern regions, diversified straw utilization (e.g., bioenergy production), could further mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Lin
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Ministry of Education), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinqing Lu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Ministry of Education), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Ministry of Education), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Umakant Mishra
- Computational Biology & Biophysics, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Dept. of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420049, Russia
| | - Guocheng Wang
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhangcai Qin
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Ministry of Education), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
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2
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Yang Z, Ohno T, Singh B. Effect of Land Use Change on Molecular Composition and Concentration of Organic Matter in an Oxisol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10095-10107. [PMID: 38805386 PMCID: PMC11171453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Land use change from native vegetation to cropping can significantly affect the quantity and quality of soil organic matter (SOM). However, it remains unclear how the chemical composition of SOM is affected by such changes. This study employed a sequential chemical extraction to partition SOM from an Oxisol into several distinct fractions: water-soluble fractions (ultrapure water (W)), organometal complexes (sodium pyrophosphate (PP)), short-range ordered (SRO) oxides (hydroxylamine-HCl (HH)), and well-crystalline oxides (dithionite-HCl (DH)). Coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), the impact of land use change on the molecular composition of different OM fractions was investigated. Greater amounts of OM were observed in the PP and HH fractions compared to other fractions, highlighting their importance in SOM stabilization. The composition of different OM fractions varied based on extracted phases, with lignin-like and tannin-like compounds being prevalent in the PP and HH fractions, while aliphatic-like compounds dominated in the DH fraction. Despite changes in the concentration of each OM fraction from native vegetation to cropping, there was little influence of land use change on the molecular composition of OM associated with different mineral phases. No significant selective loss or preservation of organic carbon compounds was observed, indicating the composition of SOM remained unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtang Yang
- School
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2015, Australia
| | - Tsutomu Ohno
- School
of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469-5763, United
States
| | - Balwant Singh
- School
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2015, Australia
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3
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Kravchenko E, Dela Cruz TL, Chen XW, Wong MH. Ecological consequences of biochar and hydrochar amendments in soil: assessing environmental impacts and influences. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:42614-42639. [PMID: 38900405 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have caused irreversible consequences on our planet, including climate change and environmental pollution. Nevertheless, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and capturing carbon can mitigate global warming. Biochar and hydrochar are increasingly used for soil remediation due to their stable adsorption qualities. As soil amendments, these materials improve soil quality and reduce water loss, prevent cracking and shrinkage, and interact with microbial communities, resulting in a promising treatment method for reducing gas emissions from the top layer of soil. However, during long-term studies, contradictory results were found, suggesting that higher biochar application rates led to higher soil CO2 effluxes, biodiversity loss, an increase in invasive species, and changes in nutrient cycling. Hydrochar, generated through hydrothermal carbonization, might be less stable when introduced into the soil, which could lead to heightened GHG emissions due to quicker carbon breakdown and increased microbial activity. On the other hand, biochar, created via pyrolysis, demonstrates stability and can beneficially impact GHG emissions. Biochar could be the preferred red option for carbon sequestration purposes, while hydrochar might be more advantageous for use as a gas adsorbent. This review paper highlights the ecological impact of long-term applications of biochar and hydrochar in soil. In general, using these materials as soil amendments helps establish a sustainable pool of organic carbon, decreasing atmospheric GHG concentration and mitigating the impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Kravchenko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Soil Health Laboratory, Southern Federal University, Rostov-On-Don, Russia
| | - Trishia Liezl Dela Cruz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xun Wen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Soil Health Laboratory, Southern Federal University, Rostov-On-Don, Russia.
- Consortium On Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China.
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4
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Zhu X, Shen Y, Yuan X, Yuan C, Jin L, Zhao Z, Chen F, Yang B, Jiang X, Liu W. High levels of soil calcium and clay facilitate the recovery and stability of organic carbon: Insights from different land uses in the karst of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:34234-34248. [PMID: 38698093 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a crucial medium of the global carbon cycle and is profoundly affected by multiple factors, such as climate and management practices. However, interactions between different SOC fractions and land-use change have remained largely unexplored in karst ecosystems with widespread rock outcrops. Owing to the inherent heterogeneity and divergent response of SOC to land-use change, soil samples with close depth were collected from four typical land-use types (cropland, grassland, shrubland, and forestland) in the karst rocky desertification area of China. The aim of this study was to explore the responses of SOC dynamics to land-use types and underlying mechanism. The results showed that land-use type significantly affected SOC contents and its fractions. Compared with cropland, the other three land uses increased the total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and non-labile organic carbon (NLOC) contents by 6.11-129.44%, 32.58-173.73%, and 90.98-347.00%, respectively; this demonstrated that a decrease in both labile and recalcitrant carbon resulted in SOC depletion under agricultural land use. Readily oxidized organic carbon (ROC) ranged from 42 to 69%, accounting for almost half of the TOC in the 0-40-cm soil layer. Cropland soil showed significantly higher ROC:TOC ratios than other land-use types. These results indicated that long-term vegetation restoration decreased SOC activity and improved SOC stability. Greater levels of soil exchangeable calcium (ECa) and clay contents were likely responsible for higher stabilization and then accumulation of SOC after vegetation restoration. The carbon pool index (CPI) rather than the carbon pool management index (CPMI) exhibited consistent variation trend with soil TOC contents among land-use types. Thus, further study is needed to validate the CPMI in evaluating land use effects on soil quality in karst ecosystems. Our findings suggest that land-use patterns characterized by grass or forest could be an effective approach for SOC-sequestration potential and ensure the sustainable use of soil resources in the karst area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiai Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
| | - Youxin Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chuang Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Liya Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhimeng Zhao
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring of Watershed, School of Geography and Resources, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, 550018, China
| | - Fajun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, Si Chuan Province, China
| | - Bin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaojin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
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5
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Li Z, Kravchenko AN, Cupples A, Guber AK, Kuzyakov Y, Philip Robertson G, Blagodatskaya E. Composition and metabolism of microbial communities in soil pores. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3578. [PMID: 38678028 PMCID: PMC11055953 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Delineation of microbial habitats within the soil matrix and characterization of their environments and metabolic processes are crucial to understand soil functioning, yet their experimental identification remains persistently limited. We combined single- and triple-energy X-ray computed microtomography with pore specific allocation of 13C labeled glucose and subsequent stable isotope probing to demonstrate how long-term disparities in vegetation history modify spatial distribution patterns of soil pore and particulate organic matter drivers of microbial habitats, and to probe bacterial communities populating such habitats. Here we show striking differences between large (30-150 µm Ø) and small (4-10 µm Ø) soil pores in (i) microbial diversity, composition, and life-strategies, (ii) responses to added substrate, (iii) metabolic pathways, and (iv) the processing and fate of labile C. We propose a microbial habitat classification concept based on biogeochemical mechanisms and localization of soil processes and also suggests interventions to mitigate the environmental consequences of agricultural management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department to Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra N Kravchenko
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Alison Cupples
- Department to Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Andrey K Guber
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - G Philip Robertson
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USA
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6
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Huang Y, Song X, Wang YP, Canadell JG, Luo Y, Ciais P, Chen A, Hong S, Wang Y, Tao F, Li W, Xu Y, Mirzaeitalarposhti R, Elbasiouny H, Savin I, Shchepashchenko D, Rossel RAV, Goll DS, Chang J, Houlton BZ, Wu H, Yang F, Feng X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Niu S, Zhang GL. Size, distribution, and vulnerability of the global soil inorganic carbon. Science 2024; 384:233-239. [PMID: 38603490 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi7918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Global estimates of the size, distribution, and vulnerability of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) remain largely unquantified. By compiling 223,593 field-based measurements and developing machine-learning models, we report that global soils store 2305 ± 636 (±1 SD) billion tonnes of carbon as SIC over the top 2-meter depth. Under future scenarios, soil acidification associated with nitrogen additions to terrestrial ecosystems will reduce global SIC (0.3 meters) up to 23 billion tonnes of carbon over the next 30 years, with India and China being the most affected. Our synthesis of present-day land-water carbon inventories and inland-water carbonate chemistry reveals that at least 1.13 ± 0.33 billion tonnes of inorganic carbon is lost to inland-waters through soils annually, resulting in large but overlooked impacts on atmospheric and hydrospheric carbon dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaodong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- CSIRO Environment, Private Bag 10, Clayton South VIC 3169, Australia
| | | | - Yiqi Luo
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853, USA
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91990, France
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Songbai Hong
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - Feng Tao
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Global Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Reza Mirzaeitalarposhti
- Institute of Crop Science (340i), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 20, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heba Elbasiouny
- Agriculture Faculty (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Igor Savin
- V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Moscow 119017, Russia
- Institute of Environmental Engineering of RUDN University, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Dmitry Shchepashchenko
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
- Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Institute of Ecology and Geography, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Prospect, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Raphael A Viscarra Rossel
- Soil and Landscape Science School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Australia
| | - Daniel S Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91990, France
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Benjamin Z Houlton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Global Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Huayong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yongzhe Chen
- Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gan-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- College of Advanced Agronomy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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7
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Raza S, Irshad A, Margenot A, Zamanian K, Li N, Ullah S, Mehmood K, Ajmal Khan M, Siddique N, Zhou J, Mooney SJ, Kurganova I, Zhao X, Kuzyakov Y. Inorganic carbon is overlooked in global soil carbon research: A bibliometric analysis. GEODERMA 2024; 443:116831. [PMID: 38533356 PMCID: PMC10961676 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Soils are a major player in the global carbon (C) cycle and climate change by functioning as a sink or a source of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). The largest terrestrial C reservoir in soils comprises two main pools: organic (SOC) and inorganic C (SIC), each having distinct fates and functions but with a large disparity in global research attention. This study quantified global soil C research trends and the proportional focus on SOC and SIC pools based on a bibliometric analysis and raise the importance of SIC pools fully underrepresented in research, applications, and modeling. Studies on soil C pools started in 1905 and has produced over 47,000 publications (>1.7 million citations). Although the global C stocks down to 2 m depth are nearly the same for SOC and SIC, the research has dominantly examined SOC (>96 % of publications and citations) with a minimal share on SIC (<4%). Approximately 40 % of the soil C research was related to climate change. Despite poor coverage and publications, the climate change-related research impact (citations per document) of SIC studies was higher than that of SOC. Mineral associated organic carbon, machine learning, soil health, and biochar were the recent top trend topics for SOC research (2020-2023), whereas digital soil mapping, soil properties, soil acidification, and calcite were recent top trend topics for SIC. SOC research was contributed by 151 countries compared to 88 for SIC. As assessed by publications, soil C research was mainly concentrated in a few countries, with only 9 countries accounting for 70 % of the research. China and the USA were the major producers (45 %), collaborators (37 %), and funders of soil C research. SIC is a long-lived soil C pool with a turnover rate (leaching and recrystallization) of more than 1000 years in natural ecosystems, but intensive agricultural practices have accelerated SIC losses, making SIC an important player in global C cycle and climate change. The lack of attention and investment towards SIC research could jeopardize the ongoing efforts to mitigate climate change impacts to meet the 1.5-2.0 °C targets under the Paris Climate Agreement of 2015. This bibliographic study calls to expand the research focus on SIC and including SIC fluxes in C budgets and models, without which the representation of the global C cycle is incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Raza
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Annie Irshad
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Andrew Margenot
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Kazem Zamanian
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
- US Salinity Laboratory (USDA-ARS), Agricultural Water Efficiency and Salinity Research Unit, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Sami Ullah
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Khan
- Deanship of Library Affairs, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Siddique
- Gad and Birgit Rausing Library, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jianbin Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sacha J. Mooney
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Irina Kurganova
- Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
- Tyumen State University, 6 Volodarskogo Street, 625003 Tyumen, Russia
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
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8
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Kazimierczuk K, Barrows SE, Olarte MV, Qafoku NP. Decarbonization of Agriculture: The Greenhouse Gas Impacts and Economics of Existing and Emerging Climate-Smart Practices. ACS ENGINEERING AU 2023; 3:426-442. [PMID: 38144676 PMCID: PMC10739617 DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.3c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide emphasis on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has increased focus on the potential to mitigate emissions through climate-smart agricultural practices, including regenerative, digital, and controlled environment farming systems. The effectiveness of these solutions largely depends on their ability to address environmental concerns, generate economic returns, and meet supply chain needs. In this Review, we summarize the state of knowledge on the GHG impacts and profitability of these three existing and emerging farming systems. Although we find potential for CO2 mitigation in all three approaches (depending on site-specific and climatic factors), we point to the greater level of research covering the efficacy of regenerative and digital agriculture in tackling non-CO2 emissions (i.e., N2O and CH4), which account for the majority of agriculture's GHG footprint. Despite this greater research coverage, we still find significant methodological and data limitations in accounting for the major GHG fluxes of these practices, especially the lifetime CH4 footprint of more nascent climate-smart regenerative agriculture practices. Across the approaches explored, uncertainties remain about the overall efficacy and persistence of mitigation-particularly with respect to the offsetting of soil carbon sequestration gains by N2O emissions and the lifecycle emissions of controlled environment agriculture systems compared to traditional systems. We find that the economic feasibility of these practices is also system-specific, although regenerative agriculture is generally the most accessible climate-smart approach. Robust incentives (including carbon credit considerations), investments, and policy changes would make these practices more financially accessible to farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kazimierczuk
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sarah E. Barrows
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mariefel V. Olarte
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Nikolla P. Qafoku
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 99195, United States
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9
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Kaushal S, Rao KS, Uniyal PL, Baishya R. Patterns and determinants of soil CO 2 efflux in major forest types of Central Himalayas, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:876. [PMID: 37351715 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Soil CO2 efflux (Fsoil) is a significant contributor of labile CO2 to the atmosphere. The Himalayas, a global climate hotspot, condense several climate zones on account of their elevational gradients, thus, creating an opportunity to investigate the Fsoil trends in different climate zones. Presently, the studies in the Indian Himalayan region are localized to a particular forest type, climate zone, or area of interest, such as seasonal variation. We used a portable infrared gas analyzer to investigate the Fsoil rates in Himalayan tropical to alpine scrub forest along a 3100-m elevational gradient. Several study parameters such as seasons, forest types, tree species identity, age of trees, distance from tree base, elevation, climatic factors, and soil physico-chemical and enzymatic parameters were investigated to infer their impact on Fsoil regulation. Our results indicate the warm and wet rainy season Fsoil rates to be 3.8 times higher than the cold and relatively dry winter season. The tropical forest types showed up to 11 times higher Fsoil rates than the alpine scrub forest. The temperate Himalayan blue pine and tropical dipterocarp sal showed significant Fsoil rates, while the alpine Rhododendron shrubs the least. Temperature and moisture together regulate the rainy season Fsoil maxima. Spatially, Fsoil rates decreased with distance from the tree base (ρ = - 0.301; p < 0.0001). Nepalese alder showed a significant positive increase in Fsoil with stem girth (R2 = 0.7771; p = 0.048). Species richness (r, 0.81) and diversity (r, 0.77) were significantly associated with Fsoil, while elevation and major edaphic properties showed a negative association. Surface litter inclusion presented an elevation-modulated impact. Temperature sensitivity was exorbitantly higher in the sub-tropical pine (Q10, 11.80) and the alpine scrub (Q10, 9.08) forests. We conclude that the rise in atmospheric temperature and the reduction in stand density could enhance the Fsoil rates on account of increased temperature sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K S Rao
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Prem Lal Uniyal
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ratul Baishya
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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10
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Moinet GYK, Hijbeek R, van Vuuren DP, Giller KE. Carbon for soils, not soils for carbon. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2384-2398. [PMID: 36644803 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The role of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration as a 'win-win' solution to both climate change and food insecurity receives an increasing promotion. The opportunity may be too good to be missed! Yet the tremendous complexity of the two issues at stake calls for a detailed and nuanced examination of any potential solution, no matter how appealing. Here, we critically re-examine the benefits of global SOC sequestration strategies on both climate change mitigation and food production. While estimated contributions of SOC sequestration to climate change vary, almost none take SOC saturation into account. Here, we show that including saturation in estimations decreases any potential contribution of SOC sequestration to climate change mitigation by 53%-81% towards 2100. In addition, reviewing more than 21 meta-analyses, we found that observed yield effects of increasing SOC are inconsistent, ranging from negative to neutral to positive. We find that the promise of a win-win outcome is confirmed only when specific land management practices are applied under specific conditions. Therefore, we argue that the existing knowledge base does not justify the current trend to set global agendas focusing first and foremost on SOC sequestration. Away from climate-smart soils, we need a shift towards soil-smart agriculture, adaptative and adapted to each local context, and where multiple soil functions are quantified concurrently. Only such comprehensive assessments will allow synergies for land sustainability to be maximised and agronomic requirements for food security to be fulfilled. This implies moving away from global targets for SOC in agricultural soils. SOC sequestration may occur along this pathway and contribute to climate change mitigation and should be regarded as a co-benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renske Hijbeek
- Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Detlef P van Vuuren
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ken E Giller
- Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Mishra A, Singh L, Singh D. Unboxing the black box-one step forward to understand the soil microbiome: A systematic review. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:669-683. [PMID: 35112151 PMCID: PMC9957845 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-01962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil is one of the most important assets of the planet Earth, responsible for maintaining the biodiversity and managing the ecosystem services for both managed and natural ecosystems. It encompasses large proportion of microscopic biodiversity, including prokaryotes and the microscopic eukaryotes. Soil microbiome is critical in managing the soil functions, but their activities have diminutive recognition in few systems like desert land and forest ecosystems. Soil microbiome is highly dependent on abiotic and biotic factors like pH, carbon content, soil structure, texture, and vegetation, but it can notably vary with ecosystems and the respective inhabitants. Thus, unboxing this black box is essential to comprehend the basic components adding to the soil systems and supported ecosystem services. Recent advancements in the field of molecular microbial ecology have delivered commanding tools to examine this genetic trove of soil biodiversity. Objective of this review is to provide a critical evaluation of the work on the soil microbiome, especially since the advent of the NGS techniques. The review also focuses on advances in our understanding of soil communities, their interactions, and functional capabilities along with understanding their role in maneuvering the biogeochemical cycle while underlining and tapping the unprecedented metagenomics data to infer the ecological attributes of yet undiscovered soil microbiome. This review focuses key research directions that could shape the future of basic and applied research into the soil microbiome. This review has led us to understand that it is difficult to generalize that soil microbiome plays a substantiated role in shaping the soil networks and it is indeed a vital resource for sustaining the ecosystem functioning. Exploring soil microbiome will help in unlocking their roles in various soil network. It could be resourceful in exploring and forecasting its impacts on soil systems and for dealing with alleviating problems like rapid climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Mishra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research [AcSIR], Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, , CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lal Singh
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, , CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dharmesh Singh
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstrasse 30, 81675, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
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12
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Certini G, Scalenghe R. The crucial interactions between climate and soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159169. [PMID: 36206907 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the birth of soil science, climate has been recognized as a soil-forming factor, along with parent rock, time, topography, and organisms (from which humans were later kept distinct), often prevalent on the other factors on the very long term. But the climate is in turns affected by soils and their management. This paper describes the interrelationships between climate - and its current change - and soil, focusing on each single factor of its formation. Parent material governs, primarily through the particle size distribution, the capacity of soil to retain water and organic matter, which are two main soil-related drivers of the climate. Time is the only unmanageable soil-forming factor; however, extreme climatic phenomena can upset the soil or even dismantle it, so as to slow down the pathway of pedogenesis or even make it start from scratch. Topography, which drives the pedogenesis mostly controlling rainfall distribution - with repercussions also on the climate - is not anymore a given factor because humans have often become a shaper of it. Indeed humans now play a key role in affecting in a plethora of ways those soil properties that most deal with climate. The abundance and diversity of the other organisms are generally positive to soil quality and as a buffer for climate, but there are troubling evidences that climate change is decreasing soil biodiversity. The corpus of researches on mutual feedback between climate and soil has essentially demonstrated that the best soil management in terms of climate change mitigation must aim at promoting vegetation growth and maximizing soil organic matter content and water retention. Some ongoing virtuous initiatives (e.g., the Great Green Wall of Africa) and farming systems (e.g., the conservation agriculture) should be extended as much as possible worldwide to enable the soil to make the greatest contribution to climate change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Certini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Scalenghe
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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13
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Kempf M. Enhanced trends in spectral greening and climate anomalies across Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:260. [PMID: 36596916 PMCID: PMC9810573 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Europe witnessed a strong increase in climate variability and enhanced climate-induced extreme events, such as hot drought periods, mega heat waves, and persistent flooding and flash floods. Intensified land degradation, land use, and landcover changes further amplified the pressure on the environmental system functionalities and fuelled climate change feedbacks. On the other hand, global satellite observations detected a positive spectral greening trend-most likely as a response to rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global warming. But which are the engines behind such shifts in surface reflectance patterns, vegetation response to global climate changes, or anomalies in the environmental control mechanisms? This article compares long-term environmental variables (1948-2021) to recent vegetation index data (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), 2001-2021) and presents regional trends in climate variability and vegetation response across Europe. Results show that positive trends in vegetation response, temperature, rainfall, and soil moisture are accompanied by a strong increase in climate anomalies over large parts of Europe. Vegetation dynamics are strongly coupled to increased temperature and enhanced soil moisture during winter and the early growing season in the northern latitudes. Simultaneously, temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture anomalies are strongly increasing. Such a strong amplification in climate variability across Europe further enhances the vulnerability of vegetation cover during extreme events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kempf
- Department of Geography, Physical Geography - Landscape Ecology and Geoinformation, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
- CRC1266-Scales of Transformation, Project A2 'Integrative Modelling of Socio-Environmental Dynamics', University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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14
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Li T, Yuan Y, Mou Z, Li Y, Kuang L, Zhang J, Wu W, Wang F, Wang J, Lambers H, Sardans J, Peñuelas J, Ren H, Liu Z. Faster accumulation and greater contribution of glomalin to the soil organic carbon pool than amino sugars do under tropical coastal forest restoration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:533-546. [PMID: 36251710 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial metabolic products play a vital role in maintaining ecosystem multifunctionality, such as soil physical structure and soil organic carbon (SOC) preservation. Afforestation is an effective strategy to restore degraded land. Glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP) and amino sugars are regarded as stable microbial-derived C, and their distribution within soil aggregates affects soil structure stability and SOC sequestration. However, the information about how afforestation affects the microbial contribution to SOC pools within aggregates is poorly understood. We assessed the accumulation and contribution of GRSP and amino sugars within soil aggregates along a restoration chronosequence (Bare land, Eucalyptus exserta plantation, native species mixed forest, and native forest) in tropical coastal terraces. Amino sugars and GRSP concentrations increased, whereas their contributions to the SOC pool decreased along the restoration chronosequence. Although microaggregates harbored greater microbial abundances, amino sugars and GRSP concentrations were not significantly affected by aggregate sizes. Interestingly, the contributions of amino sugars and GRSP to SOC pools decreased with decreasing aggregate size which might be associated with increased accumulation of plant-derived C. However, the relative change rate of GRSP was consistently greater in all restoration chronosequences than that of amino sugars. The accumulation of GRSP and amino sugars in SOC pools was closely associated with the dynamics of soil fertility and the microbial community. Our findings suggest that GRSP accumulates faster and contributes more to SOC pools during restoration than amino sugars did which was greatly affected by aggregate sizes. Afforestation substantially enhanced soil quality with native forest comprising species sequestering more SOC than the monoculture plantation did. Such information is invaluable for improving our mechanistic understanding of microbial control over SOC preservation during degraded ecosystem restoration. Our findings also show that plantations using arbuscular mycorrhizal plants can be an effective practice to sequester more soil carbon during restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijian Mou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luhui Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Faming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hai Ren
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Mazur R, Ryżak M, Sochan A, Beczek M, Polakowski C, Bieganowski A. Soil Deformation after Water Drop Impact-A Review of the Measurement Methods. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 23:121. [PMID: 36616719 PMCID: PMC9823695 DOI: 10.3390/s23010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Water erosion is an unfavorable phenomenon causing soil degradation. One of the factors causing water erosion is heavy or prolonged rainfall, the first effect of which is the deformation of the soil surface and the formation of microcraters. This paper presents an overview of research methods allowing the study of microcraters as well as the process of their formation. A tabular summary of work on the measurements of various quantities describing the craters is presented. The said quantities are divided into three groups: (i) static quantities, (ii) dynamic quantities, and (iii) dimensionless parameters. The most important measurement methods used to study crater properties, such as (i) basic manual measurement methods, (ii) photography, (iii) high-speed imaging, (iv) profilometers, (v) 3D surface modelling, and (vi) computed tomography (CT) and its possibilities and limitations are discussed. The main challenges and prospects of research on soil surface deformation are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Ryżak
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
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16
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Li Y, Chen Z, Chen J, Castellano MJ, Ye C, Zhang N, Miao Y, Zheng H, Li J, Ding W. Oxygen availability regulates the quality of soil dissolved organic matter by mediating microbial metabolism and iron oxidation. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:7410-7427. [PMID: 36149390 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a vital role in biogeochemical processes and in determining the responses of soil organic matter (SOM) to global change. Although the quantity of soil DOM has been inventoried across diverse spatio-temporal scales, the underlying mechanisms accounting for variability in DOM dynamics remain unclear especially in upland ecosystems. Here, a gradient of SOM storage across 12 croplands in northeast China was used to understand links between DOM dynamics, microbial metabolism, and abiotic conditions. We assessed the composition, biodegradability, and key biodegradable components of DOM. In addition, SOM and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) composition, soil enzyme activities, oxygen availability, soil texture, and iron (Fe), Fe-bound organic matter, and nutrient concentrations were quantified to clarify the drivers of DOM quality (composition and biodegradability). The proportion of biodegradable DOM increased exponentially with decreasing initial DOM concentration due to larger fractions of depolymerized DOM that was rich in small-molecular phenols and proteinaceous components. Unexpectedly, the composition of DOM was decoupled from that of SOM or MAOM, but significantly related to enzymatic properties. These results indicate that microbial metabolism exhibited a dominant role in DOM generation. As DOM concentration declined, increased soil oxygen availability regulated DOM composition and enhanced its biodegradability mainly through mediating microbial metabolism and Fe oxidation. The oxygen-induced oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) removed complex DOM compounds with large molecular weight. Moreover, increased oxygen availability stimulated oxidase-catalyzed depolymerization of aromatic substances, and promoted production of protein-like DOM components due to lower enzymatic C/N acquisition ratio. As global changes in temperature and moisture will have large impacts on soil oxygen availability, the role of oxygen in regulating DOM dynamics highlights the importance of integrating soil oxygen supply with microbial metabolism and Fe redox status to improve model predictions of soil carbon under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zengming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | | | - Chenglong Ye
- Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuncai Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weixin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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17
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Kravchenko AN, Richardson JA, Lee JH, Guber AK. Distribution of Mn Oxidation States in Grassland Soils and Their Relationships with Soil Pores. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16462-16472. [PMID: 36268932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is known to be an active contributor to processing and cycling of soil organic carbon (C), yet the exact mechanisms behind its interactions with C are poorly understood. Plant diversity in terrestrial ecosystems drives feedback links between plant C inputs and soil pores, where the latter, in turn, impact the redox environment and Mn. This study examined associations between soil pores (>36 μm Ø) and Mn within intact soils from two grassland ecosystems, after their >6-year implementation in a replicated field experiment. We used μ-XRF imaging and XANES spectroscopy to explore spatial distribution patterns of Mn oxidation states, combined with X-ray computed microtomography and 2D zymography. A high plant diversity system (restored prairie) increased soil C and modified spatial distribution patterns of soil pores as compared to a single species system (monoculture switchgrass). In switchgrass, the abundance of oxidized and reduced Mn oxidation states varied with distance from pores consistently with anticipated O2 diffusion, while in the soil from restored prairie, the spatial patterns suggested that biological activity played a greater role in influencing Mn distributions. Based on the findings, we propose a hypothesis that Mn transformations promote C gains in soils of high plant diversity grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Kravchenko
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States
| | - Jocelyn A Richardson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jin Ho Lee
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States
| | - Andrey K Guber
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States
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18
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Caumo S, Lázaro WL, Sobreira Oliveira E, Beringui K, Gioda A, Massone CG, Carreira R, de Freitas DS, Ignacio ARA, Hacon S. Human risk assessment of ash soil after 2020 wildfires in Pantanal biome (Brazil). AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE & HEALTH 2022; 15:2239-2254. [PMID: 36187166 PMCID: PMC9516519 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-022-01248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Wildfires have increased in the last years and, when caused by intentional illegal burnings, are frequently run out of control. Wildfire has been pointed out as an important source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace elements (TEs) — such as, As, Ni, and Pb — to environmental compartments, and thus may pose a risk to human health and to the ecosystem. In 2020, the Brazilian biome, Pantanal, faced the largest losses by wildfires in the last 22 years. Ashes from the topsoil layer in Pantanal were collected after these wildfires at 20 sites divided into the sediment, forest, PF, PS, and degraded sites. Toxicity and associated risks for human health were also evaluated. The areas highly impacted by wildfires and by artisanal gold mining activities showed higher concentrations for TEs and PAHs than the protected areas. Pb varied from 8 ± 4 to 224 ± 81 mg kg−1, and total PAH concentration ranged between 880 ± 314 and 1350 ± 70 ng g−1, at sites impacted by anthropogenic activities. Moreover, health risk assessments for TE and PAH indicated a potentially great risk for children and adults, via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal pathway. The carcinogenic risks exceeded reference values, for both TE and PAH, suggesting harmful conditions, especially for vulnerable groups, such as children and the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Caumo
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- Brazilian Research Network on Global Climate Change – Rede Clima, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wilkinson L. Lázaro
- Research Centre, Limnology, Biodiversity and Ethnobiology of the Pantanal, University of the State of Mato Grosso, Cáceres, MT Brazil
| | - Ernandes Sobreira Oliveira
- Research Centre, Limnology, Biodiversity and Ethnobiology of the Pantanal, University of the State of Mato Grosso, Cáceres, MT Brazil
| | - Karmel Beringui
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Adriana Gioda
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Carlos German Massone
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Renato Carreira
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Djair Sergio de Freitas
- Research Centre, Limnology, Biodiversity and Ethnobiology of the Pantanal, University of the State of Mato Grosso, Cáceres, MT Brazil
| | - Aurea R. A. Ignacio
- Research Centre, Limnology, Biodiversity and Ethnobiology of the Pantanal, University of the State of Mato Grosso, Cáceres, MT Brazil
| | - Sandra Hacon
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- Brazilian Research Network on Global Climate Change – Rede Clima, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Research Centre, Limnology, Biodiversity and Ethnobiology of the Pantanal, University of the State of Mato Grosso, Cáceres, MT Brazil
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19
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Yang Z, Luo Y, Ye N, Yang L, Yin Q, Jia S, He C, Yuan Z, Hao Z, Ali A. Disentangling the effects of species interactions and environmental factors on the spatial pattern and coexistence of two congeneric Pinus species in a transitional climatic zone. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9275. [PMID: 36110869 PMCID: PMC9465400 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Congeneric species are critical for understanding the underlying ecological mechanisms of biodiversity maintenance. Ecological mechanisms such as conspecific negative density dependence, species differences in life-history stages related to habitat preference, and limiting similarity are known to influence plant fitness, thereby influencing species coexistence and biodiversity. However, our understanding of these phenomena as they apply to coexistence among coniferous species is limited. We studied two congeneric Pinus species, Pinus armandii (PA) and Pinus tabulaeformis (PT), both of which are common pioneer species typically succeeded by oaks (Quercus), in a 25-ha warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest. Here, we addressed the following questions: (1) How do population structures and distributions patterns of these two Pinus species vary with respect to different life-history stages? (2) Does intra- and interspecific competition vary with respect to three life-history stages? And (3) What are the relative contributions of topographic and soil variables to the spatial distributions of the species across the three life-history stages? In addressing these questions, we utilized the pair-correlation function g(r), redundancy analysis (RDA), variance partitioning (VP), and hierarchical partitioning (HP) to identify habitat preferences and conspecific negative density dependence at different life-history stages from small to large trees. The results revealed that in both Pinus species, individuals in different life-history stages were subject to significant habitat heterogeneity, with a tendency for small trees to be distributed at higher latitudes that may be represents climate-change-driven migration in both species. In addition, the effects of conspecific negative density dependence on PT were stronger than those on PA due to limited dispersal in PT. Furthermore, we found that interspecific competition was weak due to the species differences in resource utilization and preference for key habitats. Our study shows that congeneric Pinus species avoids competition by exploiting distinct habitats and provides insight into forest community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichun Yang
- School of Ecology and EnvironmentNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Ying Luo
- School of Ecology and EnvironmentNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Nan Ye
- School of Ecology and EnvironmentNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Lishunan Yang
- School of Ecology and EnvironmentNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Qiulong Yin
- School of Ecology and EnvironmentNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Shihong Jia
- School of Ecology and EnvironmentNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Chunmei He
- School of Ecology and EnvironmentNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Zuoqiang Yuan
- School of Ecology and EnvironmentNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityShaanxiChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesLiaoningChina
| | - Zhanqing Hao
- School of Ecology and EnvironmentNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Arshad Ali
- Forest Ecology Research Group, College of Life SciencesHebei UniversityBaodingHebeiChina
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20
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Trace Element Contents in Petrol-Contaminated Soil Following the Application of Compost and Mineral Materials. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155233. [PMID: 35955168 PMCID: PMC9369601 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The global use of petroleum hydrocarbons as raw materials and an energy source in industry results in serious environmental, health, and ecological problems. Consequently, there is growing interest in the development of technologies for the rehabilitation of contaminated areas. This study was undertaken in order to determine the effect of different phytostabilising materials (compost, bentonite, and CaO) on the trace element content in soil contaminated with unleaded petroleum 95 (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 cm3 kg−1 of soil). The doses of petroleum applied to the soil were based on the previously conducted preliminary experiment. The highest petroleum dose (10 cm3 kg−1 of soil) significantly reduced the chromium, zinc, and cobalt contents in the soil. Petroleum increased the cadmium, lead, nickel, and copper contents in the soil. The materials used for phytostabilisation (compost, bentonite, calcium oxide) had a significant effect on the trace element content in the soil. The application of mineral materials (bentonite and calcium oxide) was more effective than the application of compost, compared to the control series (without soil amendments) as they reduced the contents of cadmium, chromium, nickel, and cobalt in the soil to the greatest extent. The reduction effect of bentonite and calcium oxide on the content of these trace elements in the soil was stronger than compost.
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21
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How Much Margin Is Left for Degrading Agricultural Soils? The Coming Soil Crises. SOIL SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems6010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural soils are in peril. Multiple lines of observational and empirical evidence suggest that we are losing the world’s fertile soils at an alarming rate, worsening the on-going global food crisis. It is increasingly clear that the risk of soil crises driven by erratic precipitation, warming air, and farming mismanagement is coming sooner rather than later. At this critical time, society cannot avoid looking for ways to curb soil crises. We argue that now is the right time for science-based mitigation strategies and new insights to protect soils. We offer four research priority areas that society needs to address. Arresting and reversing the ongoing soil degradation are tantamount to safeguarding humanity and the environment. To the extent that we continue to treat soil crises as a problem for farmers only—not as a global challenge—we only escalate the scale to which the problem will grow in time and complexity.
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22
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Giltrap D, Cavanagh J, Stevenson B, Ausseil AG. The role of soils in the regulation of air quality. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200172. [PMID: 34365824 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Soils play a key role in meeting the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this study, we review the contribution of soils to the regulation of air quality, which is one of 'Nature's Contributions to People' identified by the Intergovernmental-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). This is particularly relevant for SDG3 (health and well-being) and 11 (sustainable cities and well-being) but also impacts other SDGs. Soils can act as both a source and a sink of air pollutants (and their precursors). In addition, soils support plant growth which plays a major role in regulating air quality. The scale of the soil impacts on air quality range from global (e.g. greenhouse gas fluxes, stratospheric ozone depletion) to local (e.g. odours, particulates, pathogen transport). Harmful emissions from soil can be increased or decreased by anthropogenic activity, while climate change is likely to modify future emissions patterns, both directly and in response to human mitigation and adaption actions. Although soils are not the only source of these pollutants, it is worthwhile managing them to reduce erosion and nutrient losses to maintain soil health so we may continue to benefit from the contributions to good quality of life they provide. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Giltrap
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Private Bag 11052, Manawatu Mail Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jo Cavanagh
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Private Bag 11052, Manawatu Mail Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Bryan Stevenson
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Private Bag 11052, Manawatu Mail Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Anne-Gäelle Ausseil
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Private Bag 11052, Manawatu Mail Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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23
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Smith P, Keesstra SD, Silver WL, Adhya TK. The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200169. [PMID: 34365820 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This theme issue provides an assessment of the contribution of soils to Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). The papers in this issue show that soils can contribute positively to the delivery of all NCP. These contributions can be maximized through careful soil management to provide healthy soils, but poorly managed, degraded or polluted soils may contribute negatively to the delivery of NCP. Soils are also shown to contribute positively to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Papers in the theme issue emphasize the need for careful soil management. Priorities for soil management must include: (i) for healthy soils in natural ecosystems, protect them from conversion and degradation, (ii) for managed soils, manage in a way to protect and enhance soil biodiversity, health, productivity and sustainability and to prevent degradation, and (iii) for degraded soils, restore to full soil health. Our knowledge of what constitutes sustainable soil management is mature enough to implement best management practices, in order to maintain and improve soil health. The papers in this issue show the vast potential of soils to contribute to NCP. This is not only desirable, but essential to sustain a healthy planet and if we are to deliver sustainable development in the decades to come. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Saskia D Keesstra
- Team Soil, Water and Land Use, Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering and Centre for Water Security and Environmental Sustainability, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Whendee L Silver
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tapan K Adhya
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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24
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Smith P, Keesstra SD, Silver WL, Adhya TK, De Deyn GB, Carvalheiro LG, Giltrap DL, Renforth P, Cheng K, Sarkar B, Saco PM, Scow K, Smith J, Morel JC, Thiele-Bruhn S, Lal R, McElwee P. Soil-derived Nature's Contributions to People and their contribution to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200185. [PMID: 34365826 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This special issue provides an assessment of the contribution of soils to Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). Here, we combine this assessment and previously published relationships between NCP and delivery on the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to infer contributions of soils to the SDGs. We show that in addition to contributing positively to the delivery of all NCP, soils also have a role in underpinning all SDGs. While highlighting the great potential of soils to contribute to sustainable development, it is recognized that poorly managed, degraded or polluted soils may contribute negatively to both NCP and SDGs. The positive contribution, however, cannot be taken for granted, and soils must be managed carefully to keep them healthy and capable of playing this vital role. A priority for soil management must include: (i) for healthy soils in natural ecosystems, protect them from conversion and degradation; (ii) for managed soils, manage in a way to protect and enhance soil biodiversity, health and sustainability and to prevent degradation; and (iii) for degraded soils, restore to full soil health. We have enough knowledge now to move forward with the implementation of best management practices to maintain and improve soil health. This analysis shows that this is not just desirable, it is essential if we are to meet the SDG targets by 2030 and achieve sustainable development more broadly in the decades to come. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Saskia D Keesstra
- Soil, Water and Land Use Team, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering and Centre for Water Security and Environmental Sustainability, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Whendee L Silver
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Gerlinde B De Deyn
- Soil, Water and Land Use Team, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luísa G Carvalheiro
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Brazil.,Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Donna L Giltrap
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Phil Renforth
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kun Cheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Patricia M Saco
- Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering and Centre for Water Security and Environmental Sustainability, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Kate Scow
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jo Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Jean-Claude Morel
- Tribology and Systems Dynamics Laboratory (LTDS-UMR CNRS 5513), National School of Civil Engineering (ENTPE), University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pam McElwee
- Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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