1
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Zhang Y, Xu J, Miranda-Katz M, Sojati J, Tollefson SJ, Manni ML, Alcorn JF, Sarkar SN, Williams JV. Distinct roles for type I and type III interferons in virulent human metapneumovirus pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011840. [PMID: 38315735 PMCID: PMC10868789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory infection in children and adults worldwide. There are four genetic subgroups of HMPV and both neutralizing antibodies and T cells contribute to protection. However, little is known about mechanisms of pathogenesis and most published work is based on a few extensively passaged, laboratory-adapted strains of HMPV. In this study, we isolated and characterized a panel of low passage HMPV clinical isolates representing all four genetic subgroups. The clinical isolates exhibited lower levels of in vitro replication compared to a lab-adapted strain. We compared disease phenotypes using a well-established mouse model. Several virulent isolates caused severe weight loss, lung pathology, airway dysfunction, and fatal disease in mice, which was confirmed in three inbred mouse strains. Disease severity did not correlate with lung viral titer, as virulent strains exhibited restricted replication in the lower airway. Virulent HMPV isolates were associated with markedly increased proinflammatory cytokine production and neutrophil influx; however, depletion of neutrophils or genetic ablation of inflammasome components did not reverse disease. Virulent clinical isolates induced markedly increased type I and type III interferon (IFN) secretion in vitro and in vivo. STAT1/2-deficient mice lacking both type I and type III IFN signaling showed reduced disease severity and increased lung viral replication. Inhibition of type I IFN signaling using a blocking antibody or genetic ablation of the type I IFN receptor reduced pathology with minimal effect on viral replication. Conversely, blockade of type III IFN signaling with a neutralizing antibody or genetic ablation of the IFN-lambda receptor had no effect on pathogenesis but restored viral replication. Collectively, these results demonstrate distinct roles for type I and type III IFN in HMPV pathogenesis and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jiuyang Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Margot Miranda-Katz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jorna Sojati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sharon J. Tollefson
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michelle L. Manni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John F. Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Saumendra N. Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John V. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Institute for Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity in Children, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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2
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Timaru-Kast R, Coronel-Castello SP, Krämer TJ, Hugonnet AV, Schäfer MKE, Sebastiani A, Thal SC. AT 1 inhibition mediated neuroprotection after experimental traumatic brain injury is dependent on neutrophils in male mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7413. [PMID: 37150755 PMCID: PMC10164737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
After traumatic brain injury (TBI) cerebral inflammation with invasion of neutrophils and lymphocytes is a crucial factor in the process of secondary brain damage. In TBI the intrinsic renin-angiotensin system is an important mediator of cerebral inflammation, as inhibition of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) reduces secondary brain damage and the invasion of neutrophil granulocytes into injured cerebral tissue. The current study explored the involvement of immune cells in neuroprotection mediated by AT1 inhibition following experimental TBI. Four different cohorts of male mice were examined, investigating the effects of neutropenia (anti-Ly6G antibody mediated neutrophil depletion; C57BL/6), lymphopenia (RAG1 deficiency, RAG1-/-), and their combination with candesartan-mediated AT1 inhibition. The present results showed that reduction of neutrophils and lymphocytes, as well as AT1 inhibition in wild type and RAG1-/- mice, reduced brain damage and neuroinflammation after TBI. However, in neutropenic mice, candesartan did not have an effect. Interestingly, AT1 inhibition was found to be neuroprotective in RAG1-/- mice but not in neutropenic mice. The findings suggest that AT1 inhibition may exert neuroprotection by reducing the inflammation caused by neutrophils, ultimately leading to a decrease in their invasion into cerebral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Timaru-Kast
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Shila P Coronel-Castello
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias J Krämer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Strasse 50, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - André V Hugonnet
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Sebastiani
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, HELIOS University Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Serge C Thal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, HELIOS University Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany
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3
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Sorobetea D, Matsuda R, Peterson ST, Grayczyk JP, Rao I, Krespan E, Lanza M, Assenmacher CA, Mack M, Beiting DP, Radaelli E, Brodsky IE. Inflammatory monocytes promote granuloma control of Yersinia infection. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:666-678. [PMID: 36879169 PMCID: PMC10653359 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Granulomas are organized immune cell aggregates formed in response to chronic infection or antigen persistence. The bacterial pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Yp) blocks innate inflammatory signalling and immune defence, inducing neutrophil-rich pyogranulomas (PGs) within lymphoid tissues. Here we uncover that Yp also triggers PG formation within the murine intestinal mucosa. Mice lacking circulating monocytes fail to form defined PGs, have defects in neutrophil activation and succumb to Yp infection. Yersinia lacking virulence factors that target actin polymerization to block phagocytosis and reactive oxygen burst do not induce PGs, indicating that intestinal PGs form in response to Yp disruption of cytoskeletal dynamics. Notably, mutation of the virulence factor YopH restores PG formation and control of Yp in mice lacking circulating monocytes, demonstrating that monocytes override YopH-dependent blockade of innate immune defence. This work reveals an unappreciated site of Yersinia intestinal invasion and defines host and pathogen drivers of intestinal granuloma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sorobetea
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rina Matsuda
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stefan T Peterson
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James P Grayczyk
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Indira Rao
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elise Krespan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Lanza
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel P Beiting
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Igor E Brodsky
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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4
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Abstract
Despite the introduction of vaccines, COVID-19 still affects millions of people worldwide. A better understanding of pathophysiology and the discovery of novel therapies are needed. One of the cells of interest in COVID-19 is the neutrophil. This cell type is being recruited to a site of inflammation as one of the first immune cells. In this project, we investigated a variety of neutrophils phenotypes during COVID-19 by measuring the expression of markers for migration, maturity, activation, gelatinase granules and secondary granules using flow cytometry. We show that neutrophils during COVID-19 exhibit altered phenotypes compared to healthy individuals. The activation level including NETs production and maturity of neutrophils seem to last longer during COVID-19 than expected for innate immunity. Neutrophils as one of the drivers of severe cases of COVID-19 are considered as potential treatment targets. However, for a successful implementation of treatment, there is a need for a better understanding of neutrophil functions and phenotypes in COVID-19. Our study answers some of those questions.
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5
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Aggio JB, Porto BN, Duarte dos Santos CN, Mosimann ALP, Wowk PF. Human Neutrophils Present Mild Activation by Zika Virus But Reduce the Infection of Susceptible Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:784443. [PMID: 35747137 PMCID: PMC9210994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.784443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the Zika virus (ZIKV) has highlighted the need for a deeper understanding of virus-host interactions in order to pave the way for the development of antiviral therapies. The present work aimed to address the response of neutrophils during ZIKV infection. Neutrophils are important effector cells in innate immunity implicated in the host’s response to neurotropic arboviruses. Our results indicate that human neutrophils were not permissive to Asian or African ZIKV strain replication. In fact, after stimulation with ZIKV, neutrophils were mild primed against the virus as evaluated through CD11b and CD62L modulation, secretion of inflammatory cytokines and granule content, production of reactive oxygen species, and neutrophil extracellular traps formation. Overall, neutrophils did not affect ZIKV infectivity. Moreover, in vitro ZIKV infection of primary innate immune cells did not trigger neutrophil migration. However, neutrophils co-cultured with ZIKV susceptible cell lineages resulted in lower cell infection frequencies, possibly due to cell-to-cell contact. In vivo, neutrophil depletion in immunocompetent mice did not affect ZIKV spreading to the draining lymph nodes. The data suggest that human neutrophils do not play an antiviral role against ZIKV per se, but these cells might participate in an infected environment shaping the ZIKV infection in other target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Bernardi Aggio
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Nery Porto
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Ana Luiza Pamplona Mosimann
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Pryscilla Fanini Wowk, ; Ana Luiza Pamplona Mosimann,
| | - Pryscilla Fanini Wowk
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Pryscilla Fanini Wowk, ; Ana Luiza Pamplona Mosimann,
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6
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Wu TH, Hsieh SC, Li TH, Lu CH, Liao HT, Shen CY, Li KJ, Wu CH, Kuo YM, Tsai CY, Yu CL. Molecular Basis for Paradoxical Activities of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils in Inflammation/Anti-Inflammation, Bactericide/Autoimmunity, Pro-Cancer/Anticancer, and Antiviral Infection/SARS-CoV-II-Induced Immunothrombotic Dysregulation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040773. [PMID: 35453523 PMCID: PMC9032061 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the most abundant white blood cells in the circulation. These cells act as the fast and powerful defenders against environmental pathogenic microbes to protect the body. In addition, these innate inflammatory cells can produce a number of cytokines/chemokines/growth factors for actively participating in the immune network and immune homeostasis. Many novel biological functions including mitogen-induced cell-mediated cytotoxicity (MICC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), exocytosis of microvesicles (ectosomes and exosomes), trogocytosis (plasma membrane exchange) and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been successively discovered. Furthermore, recent investigations unveiled that PMNs act as a double-edged sword to exhibit paradoxical activities on pro-inflammation/anti-inflammation, antibacteria/autoimmunity, pro-cancer/anticancer, antiviral infection/COVID-19-induced immunothrombotic dysregulation. The NETs released from PMNs are believed to play a pivotal role in these paradoxical activities, especially in the cytokine storm and immunothrombotic dysregulation in the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this review, we would like to discuss in detail the molecular basis for these strange activities of PMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Hung Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Tsu-Hao Li
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Shin Kong Wu Ho Shi Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Tzung Liao
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Chieh-Yu Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Cheng-Han Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Youh Tsai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.T.); (C.-L.Y.)
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (K.-J.L.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.T.); (C.-L.Y.)
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7
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Pollenus E, Gouwy M, Van den Steen PE. Neutrophils in malaria: the good, the bad or the ugly? Parasite Immunol 2022; 44:e12912. [PMID: 35175636 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocytes in human peripheral blood. They are often the first cells to respond to an invading pathogen and might therefore play an important role in malaria. Malaria is a globally important disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, responsible for more than 400 000 deaths each year. Most of these deaths are caused by complications, including cerebral malaria, severe malarial anemia, placental malaria, renal injury, metabolic problems and malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. Neutrophils contribute in the immune defense against malaria, through clearance of parasites via phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, Plasmodium parasites diminish antibacterial functions of neutrophils, making patients more susceptible to other infections. Neutrophils might also be involved in the development of malaria complications, for example via the release of toxic granules and NETs. However, technical pitfalls in the determination of the roles of neutrophils have caused contradicting results. Further investigations need to consider these pitfalls, in order to elucidate the role of neutrophils in malaria complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Pollenus
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe E Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Petruzzelli M, Ferrer M, Schuijs MJ, Kleeman SO, Mourikis N, Hall Z, Perera D, Raghunathan S, Vacca M, Gaude E, Lukey MJ, Jodrell DI, Frezza C, Wagner EF, Venkitaraman AR, Halim TYF, Janowitz T. Early Neutrophilia Marked by Aerobic Glycolysis Sustains Host Metabolism and Delays Cancer Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:963. [PMID: 35205709 PMCID: PMC8870098 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio negatively predicts the outcome of patients with cancer and is associated with cachexia, the terminal wasting syndrome. Here, using murine model systems of colorectal and pancreatic cancer we show that neutrophilia in the circulation and multiple organs, accompanied by extramedullary hematopoiesis, is an early event during cancer progression. Transcriptomic and metabolic assessment reveals that neutrophils in tumor-bearing animals utilize aerobic glycolysis, similar to cancer cells. Although pharmacological inhibition of aerobic glycolysis slows down tumor growth in C26 tumor-bearing mice, it precipitates cachexia, thereby shortening the overall survival. This negative effect may be explained by our observation that acute depletion of neutrophils in pre-cachectic mice impairs systemic glucose homeostasis secondary to altered hepatic lipid processing. Thus, changes in neutrophil number, distribution, and metabolism play an adaptive role in host metabolic homeostasis during cancer progression. Our findings provide insight into early events during cancer progression to cachexia, with implications for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Petruzzelli
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; (M.P.); (M.F.); (D.P.); (E.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Miriam Ferrer
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; (M.P.); (M.F.); (D.P.); (E.G.); (C.F.)
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; (S.O.K.); (N.M.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Martijn J. Schuijs
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; (M.J.S.); (S.R.); (D.I.J.); (T.Y.F.H.)
| | - Sam O. Kleeman
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; (S.O.K.); (N.M.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Nicholas Mourikis
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; (S.O.K.); (N.M.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Zoe Hall
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - David Perera
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; (M.P.); (M.F.); (D.P.); (E.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Shwethaa Raghunathan
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; (M.J.S.); (S.R.); (D.I.J.); (T.Y.F.H.)
| | - Michele Vacca
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Edoardo Gaude
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; (M.P.); (M.F.); (D.P.); (E.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Michael J. Lukey
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; (S.O.K.); (N.M.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Duncan I. Jodrell
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; (M.J.S.); (S.R.); (D.I.J.); (T.Y.F.H.)
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; (M.P.); (M.F.); (D.P.); (E.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Erwin F. Wagner
- Laboratory Genes and Disease, Department of Laboratory Medicine Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna (MUV), 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Laboratory Genes and Disease, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna (MUV), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ashok R. Venkitaraman
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; (M.P.); (M.F.); (D.P.); (E.G.); (C.F.)
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Timotheus Y. F. Halim
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; (M.J.S.); (S.R.); (D.I.J.); (T.Y.F.H.)
| | - Tobias Janowitz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; (S.O.K.); (N.M.); (M.J.L.)
- Northwell Health Cancer Institute, New Hyde Park, NY 11042, USA
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9
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Abstract
Two of the most prevalent human viruses worldwide, herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively), cause a variety of diseases, including cold sores, genital herpes, herpes stromal keratitis, meningitis and encephalitis. The intrinsic, innate and adaptive immune responses are key to control HSV, and the virus has developed mechanisms to evade them. The immune response can also contribute to pathogenesis, as observed in stromal keratitis and encephalitis. The fact that certain individuals are more prone than others to suffer severe disease upon HSV infection can be partially explained by the existence of genetic polymorphisms in humans. Like all herpesviruses, HSV has two replication cycles: lytic and latent. During lytic replication HSV produces infectious viral particles to infect other cells and organisms, while during latency there is limited gene expression and lack of infectious virus particles. HSV establishes latency in neurons and can cause disease both during primary infection and upon reactivation. The mechanisms leading to latency and reactivation and which are the viral and host factors controlling these processes are not completely understood. Here we review the HSV life cycle, the interaction of HSV with the immune system and three of the best-studied pathologies: Herpes stromal keratitis, herpes simplex encephalitis and genital herpes. We also discuss the potential association between HSV-1 infection and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyong Zhu
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Cluster of Excellence RESIST (Exc 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Abel Viejo-Borbolla
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Cluster of Excellence RESIST (Exc 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Jaggi U, Matundan HH, Yu J, Hirose S, Mueller M, Wormley FL, Ghiasi H. Essential role of M1 macrophages in blocking cytokine storm and pathology associated with murine HSV-1 infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009999. [PMID: 34653236 PMCID: PMC8550391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular HSV-1 infection is a major cause of eye disease and innate and adaptive immunity both play a role in protection and pathology associated with ocular infection. Previously we have shown that M1-type macrophages are the major and earliest infiltrates into the cornea of infected mice. We also showed that HSV-1 infectivity in the presence and absence of M2-macrophages was similar to wild-type (WT) control mice. However, it is not clear whether the absence of M1 macrophages plays a role in protection and disease in HSV-1 infected mice. To explore the role of M1 macrophages in HSV-1 infection, we used mice lacking M1 activation (M1-/- mice). Our results showed that macrophages from M1-/- mice were more susceptible to HSV-1 infection in vitro than were macrophages from WT mice. M1-/- mice were highly susceptible to ocular infection with virulent HSV-1 strain McKrae, while WT mice were refractory to infection. In addition, M1-/- mice had higher virus titers in the eyes than did WT mice. Adoptive transfer of M1 macrophages from WT mice to M1-/- mice reduced death and rescued virus replication in the eyes of infected mice. Infection of M1-/- mice with avirulent HSV-1 strain KOS also increased ocular virus replication and eye disease but did not affect latency-reactivation seen in WT control mice. Severity of virus replication and eye disease correlated with significantly higher inflammatory responses leading to a cytokine storm in the eyes of M1-/- infected mice that was not seen in WT mice. Thus, for the first time, our study illustrates the importance of M1 macrophages specifically in primary HSV-1 infection, eye disease, and survival but not in latency-reactivation. Macrophages circulating in the blood or present in different tissues constitute an important barrier against infection. We previously showed that the absence of M2 macrophages does not impact HSV-1 infectivity in vivo. However, in this study we demonstrated an essential role of M1 macrophages in protection from primary HSV-1 replication, death, and eye disease but not in latency-reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjaldeep Jaggi
- Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Burns & Allen Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Harry H. Matundan
- Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Burns & Allen Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jack Yu
- Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Burns & Allen Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Satoshi Hirose
- Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Burns & Allen Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mathias Mueller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Floyd L. Wormley
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Homayon Ghiasi
- Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Burns & Allen Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Chao T, Lu L, Zhang L, Huang R, Liu Z, Zhou B, Kong E, Zhang Z, Lawrence T, Liang Y. An inducible model for specific neutrophil depletion by diphtheria toxin in mice. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1227-1235. [PMID: 33420927 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1839-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are crucial for immunity and play important roles in inflammatory diseases; however, mouse models selectively deficient in neutrophils are limited, and neutrophil-specific diphtheria toxin (DT)-based depletion system has not yet been established. In this study, we generated a novel knock-in mouse model expressing diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) under control of the endogenous Ly6G promoter. We showed that DTR expression was restricted to Ly6G+ neutrophils and complete depletion of neutrophils could be achieved by DT treatment at 24-48 h intervals. We characterized the effects of specific neutrophil depletion in mice at steady-state, with acute inflammation and during tumor growth. Our study presents a valuable new tool to study the roles of neutrophils in the immune system and during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhu Chao
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Liaoxun Lu
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Binhui Zhou
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Eryan Kong
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhongjian Zhang
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Toby Lawrence
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Yinming Liang
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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12
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Groth C, Weber R, Lasser S, Özbay FG, Kurzay A, Petrova V, Altevogt P, Utikal J, Umansky V. Tumor promoting capacity of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their neutralization. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1628-1638. [PMID: 34224592 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) represent a highly immunosuppressive population that expands in tumor bearing hosts and inhibits both T and NK cell antitumor effector functions. Among MDSC subpopulations, the polymorphonuclear (PMN) one is gaining increasing interest since it is a predominant MDSC subset in most cancer entities and inherits unique properties to facilitate metastatic spread. In addition, further improvement in distinguishing PMN-MDSC from neutrophils has contributed to the design of novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize the current view on the origin of PMN-MDSC and their relation to classical neutrophils. Furthermore, we outline the metastasis promoting features of these cells and promising strategies of their targeting to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Groth
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department for Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rebekka Weber
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Samantha Lasser
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Feyza Gül Özbay
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annina Kurzay
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Petrova
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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13
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Dias LDS, Silva LBR, Nosanchuk JD, Taborda CP. Neutrophil Cells Are Essential for The Efficacy of a Therapeutic Vaccine against Paracoccidioidomycosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060416. [PMID: 34073466 PMCID: PMC8226764 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), caused by the Paracoccidioides species, is a systemic disease endemic in several Latin American countries, mainly in Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, and Venezuela. Current treatment approaches are challenging as they require prolonged durations of antifungal drugs that have potential toxicities, and despite antifungals, relapses are common. Hence, new therapeutic approaches, such as vaccines, are being investigated. The therapeutic vaccine consisting of peptide P10 associated with lipid cationic DODAB (P10+DODAB) is effective in murine models of PCM. However, the specific immune mechanisms required for the protective response has not been fully elucidated. The present work aims at evaluating the participation of neutrophils in the immune response induced by P10+DODAB. We found that the vaccine reduced both the influx of pulmonary neutrophils and the fungal load in comparison to infected animals that did not receive this treatment. The parenchymal architecture of the lungs of P10+DODAB-treated animals was largely preserved with only a few granulomas present, and tissue cytokine analysis showed a Th1 cytokine profile with augmented levels of IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α, and low levels of IL-4. When neutrophils were depleted 24 h prior to each treatment, the effectiveness of the P10+DODAB vaccine was completely lost as the fungal burdens remained high and histological examination showed a marked inflammation and fungal dissemination with a dysregulated cytokine response. In conclusion, these findings indicate that neutrophils are vital to ensure the triggering of an effective immune response to P10+DODAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas dos Santos Dias
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (L.d.S.D.); (L.B.R.S.)
| | - Leandro B. R. Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (L.d.S.D.); (L.B.R.S.)
| | - Joshua D. Nosanchuk
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases), Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Carlos Pelleschi Taborda
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (L.d.S.D.); (L.B.R.S.)
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Tropical Medicine Institute USP-LIM53, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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14
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Complex Roles of Neutrophils during Arboviral Infections. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061324. [PMID: 34073501 PMCID: PMC8227388 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses are known to cause large-scale epidemics in many parts of the world. These arthropod-borne viruses are a large group consisting of viruses from a wide range of families. The ability of their vector to enhance viral pathogenesis and transmission makes the development of treatments against these viruses challenging. Neutrophils are generally the first leukocytes to be recruited to a site of infection, playing a major role in regulating inflammation and, as a result, viral replication and dissemination. However, the underlying mechanisms through which neutrophils control the progression of inflammation and disease remain to be fully understood. In this review, we highlight the major findings from recent years regarding the role of neutrophils during arboviral infections. We discuss the complex nature of neutrophils in mediating not only protection, but also augmenting disease pathology. Better understanding of neutrophil pathways involved in effective protection against arboviral infections can help identify potential targets for therapeutics.
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15
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Yoneyama T, Nakano N, Hara M, Yamada H, Izawa K, Uchida K, Kaitani A, Ando T, Kitaura J, Ohtsuka Y, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Shimizu T. Notch signaling contributes to the establishment of sustained unresponsiveness to food allergens by oral immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1063-1076.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Donor myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) prolong allogeneic cardiac graft survival through programming of recipient myeloid cells in vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14249. [PMID: 32859934 PMCID: PMC7455707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation is a lifesaving therapy for patients with end-organ disease. Current immunosuppression protocols are not designed to target antigen-specific alloimmunity and are uncapable of preventing chronic allograft injury. As myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are potent immunoregulatory cells, we tested whether donor-derived MDSCs can protect heart transplant allografts in an antigen-specific manner. C57BL/6 (H2Kb, I-Ab) recipients pre-treated with BALB/c MDSCs were transplanted with either donor-type (BALB/c, H2Kd, I-Ad) or third-party (C3H, H2Kk, I-Ak) cardiac grafts. Spleens and allografts from C57BL/6 recipients were harvested for immune phenotyping, transcriptomic profiling and functional assays. Single injection of donor-derived MDSCs significantly prolonged the fully MHC mismatched allogeneic cardiac graft survival in a donor-specific fashion. Transcriptomic analysis of allografts harvested from donor-derived MDSCs treated recipients showed down-regulated proinflammatory cytokines. Immune phenotyping showed that the donor MDSCs administration suppressed effector T cells in recipients. Interestingly, significant increase in recipient endogenous CD11b+Gr1+ MDSC population was observed in the group treated with donor-derived MDSCs compared to the control groups. Depletion of this endogenous MDSCs with anti-Gr1 antibody reversed donor MDSCs-mediated allograft protection. Furthermore, we observed that the allogeneic mixed lymphocytes reaction was suppressed in the presence of CD11b+Gr1+ MDSCs in a donor-specific manner. Donor-derived MDSCs prolong cardiac allograft survival in a donor-specific manner via induction of recipient's endogenous MDSCs.
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17
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Abstract
Neutrophils are an essential part of the innate immune system. To study their importance, experimental studies often aim to deplete these cells, generally by injecting anti-Ly6G or anti-Gr1 antibodies. However, these approaches are only partially effective, transient or lack specificity. Here we report that neutrophils remaining after anti-Ly6G treatment are newly derived from the bone marrow, instead of depletion escapees. Mechanistically, newly generated, circulating neutrophils have lower Ly6G membrane expression, and consequently reduced targets for anti-Ly6G-mediated depletion. To overcome this limitation, we develop a double antibody-based depletion strategy that enhances neutrophil elimination by anti-Ly6G treatment. This approach achieves specific, durable and controlled reduction of neutrophils in vivo, and may be suitable for studying neutrophil function in experimental models. Anti-Ly6G or ant-Gr1 antibodies are commonly used to deplete neutrophils in vivo. Here the authors provide mechanistic insight into why these approaches may not specifically or durably reduce the number of neutrophils in mice, and also present a new method that overcomes these limitations to have potentially wide applicability in experimental studies.
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18
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An P, Wei LL, Zhao S, Sverdlov DY, Vaid KA, Miyamoto M, Kuramitsu K, Lai M, Popov YV. Hepatocyte mitochondria-derived danger signals directly activate hepatic stellate cells and drive progression of liver fibrosis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2362. [PMID: 32398673 PMCID: PMC7217909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their bacterial ancestry, many components of mitochondria share structural similarities with bacteria. Release of molecular danger signals from injured cell mitochondria (mitochondria-derived damage-associated molecular patterns, mito-DAMPs) triggers a potent inflammatory response, but their role in fibrosis is unknown. Using liver fibrosis resistant/susceptible mouse strain system, we demonstrate that mito-DAMPs released from injured hepatocyte mitochondria (with mtDNA as major active component) directly activate hepatic stellate cells, the fibrogenic cell in the liver, and drive liver scarring. The release of mito-DAMPs is controlled by efferocytosis of dying hepatocytes by phagocytic resident liver macrophages and infiltrating Gr-1(+) myeloid cells. Circulating mito-DAMPs are markedly increased in human patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and significant liver fibrosis. Our study identifies specific pathway driving liver fibrosis, with important diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Targeting mito-DAMP release from hepatocytes and/or modulating the phagocytic function of macrophages represents a promising antifibrotic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping An
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, China.,Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Science, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Deanna Y Sverdlov
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kahini A Vaid
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Makoto Miyamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kaori Kuramitsu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Michelle Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yury V Popov
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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19
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Inflammatory Monocytes and Neutrophils Regulate Streptococcus suis-Induced Systemic Inflammation and Disease but Are Not Critical for the Development of Central Nervous System Disease in a Mouse Model of Infection. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00787-19. [PMID: 31818962 PMCID: PMC7035915 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00787-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important porcine bacterial pathogen and zoonotic agent responsible for sudden death, septic shock, and meningitis. These pathologies are a consequence of elevated bacterial replication leading to exacerbated and uncontrolled inflammation, a hallmark of the S. suis systemic and central nervous system (CNS) infections. Monocytes and neutrophils are immune cells involved in various functions, including proinflammatory mediator production. Streptococcus suis is an important porcine bacterial pathogen and zoonotic agent responsible for sudden death, septic shock, and meningitis. These pathologies are a consequence of elevated bacterial replication leading to exacerbated and uncontrolled inflammation, a hallmark of the S. suis systemic and central nervous system (CNS) infections. Monocytes and neutrophils are immune cells involved in various functions, including proinflammatory mediator production. Moreover, monocytes are composed of two main subsets: shorter-lived inflammatory monocytes and longer-lived patrolling monocytes. However, regardless of their presence in blood and the fact that S. suis-induced meningitis is characterized by infiltration of monocytes and neutrophils into the CNS, their role during the S. suis systemic and CNS diseases remains unknown. Consequently, we hypothesized that monocytes and neutrophils participate in S. suis infection via bacterial clearance and inflammation. Results demonstrated that inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils regulate S. suis-induced systemic disease via their role in inflammation required for bacterial burden control. In the CNS, inflammatory monocytes contributed to exacerbation of S. suis-induced local inflammation, while neutrophils participated in bacterial burden control. However, development of clinical CNS disease was independent of both cell types, indicating that resident immune cells are mostly responsible for S. suis-induced CNS inflammation and clinical disease and that inflammatory monocyte and neutrophil infiltration is a consequence of the induced inflammation. In contrast, the implication of patrolling monocytes was minimal throughout the S. suis infection. Consequently, this study demonstrates that while inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils modulate S. suis-induced systemic inflammation and disease, they are not critical for CNS disease development.
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20
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Hiroki CH, Toller-Kawahisa JE, Fumagalli MJ, Colon DF, Figueiredo LTM, Fonseca BALD, Franca RFO, Cunha FQ. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Effectively Control Acute Chikungunya Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3108. [PMID: 32082301 PMCID: PMC7005923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging arbovirus, in which its infection causes a febrile illness also commonly associated with severe joint pain and myalgia. Although the immune response to CHIKV has been studied, a better understanding of the virus-host interaction mechanisms may lead to more effective therapeutic interventions. In this context, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been described as a key mediator involved in the control of many pathogens, including several bacteria and viruses, but no reports of this important protective mechanism were documented during CHIKV infection. Here we demonstrate that the experimental infection of mouse-isolated neutrophils with CHIKV resulted in NETosis (NETs release) through a mechanism dependent on TLR7 activation and reactive oxygen species generation. In vitro, mouse-isolated neutrophils stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate release NETs that once incubated with CHIKV, resulting in further virus capture and neutralization. In vivo, NETs inhibition by the treatment of the mice with DNase resulted in the enhanced susceptibility of IFNAR−/− mice to CHIKV experimental acute infection. Lastly, by accessing the levels of MPO-DNA complex on the acutely CHIKV-infected patients, we found a correlation between the levels of NETs and the viral load in the blood, suggesting that NETs are also released in natural human infection cases. Altogether our findings characterize NETosis as a contributing natural process to control CHIKV acute infection, presenting an antiviral effect that helps to control systemic virus levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H Hiroki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana E Toller-Kawahisa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcilio J Fumagalli
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - David F Colon
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz T M Figueiredo
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Bendito A L D Fonseca
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael F O Franca
- Department of Virology and Experimental Therapy, Institute Aggeu Magalhaes, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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21
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Cichon I, Santocki M, Ortmann W, Kolaczkowska E. Imaging of Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) with Intravital (In Vivo) Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2087:443-466. [PMID: 31729004 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0154-9_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As we have learned during recent years, neutrophils are not just simple foot soldiers of the innate immune system with a restricted set of pro-inflammatory functions, and instead, they perform sophisticated functions (some of them only recently discovered) both in innate and adaptive immune responses. Neutrophil behavior and functioning should best be studied in situ, at locations where they are executed in a living organism, especially considering that neutrophils are mobile cells, performing their functions in distal body sites and various organs. For this herein we describe an approach to detect neutrophil presence/behavior in various organs (skin, muscle, liver) of alive mice, that is, intravital imaging/microscopy. We describe all surgeries required prior to imaging and share our methods of detection of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Cichon
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michal Santocki
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Weronika Ortmann
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kolaczkowska
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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22
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Yao HW, Wang LC, Tsai HY, Fang YH, Zheng C, Chen SH, Hsu SM. Bortezomib induces HSV-1 lethality in mice with neutrophil deficiency. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 107:105-112. [PMID: 31729784 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ab1019-495r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib suppressing NF-κB activity is an effective therapy for patients with myeloma or lymphoma. However, this drug can cause adverse effects, neutropenia, and recurrent infections of herpes viruses. Among herpes viruses, HSV-1 can reactivate to induce mortality. The important issues regarding how bortezomib diminishes neutrophils, whether bortezomib can induce HSV-1 reactivation, and how bortezomib exacerbates HSV-1 infection, need investigation. Using the murine model, we found that bortezomib induced HSV-1 reactivation. Bortezomib diminished neutrophil numbers in organs of uninfected and HSV-1-infected mice and turned a nonlethal infection to lethal with elevated tissue viral loads. In vitro results showed that bortezomib and HSV-1 collaborated to enhance the death and apoptosis of mouse neutrophils. The leukocyte deficiency induced by chemotherapies is generally believed to be the cause for aggravating virus infections. Here we show the potential of pathogen to exacerbate chemotherapy-induced leukocyte deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chiu Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yang Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shun-Hua Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Min Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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23
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Limkar AR, Mai E, Sek AC, Percopo CM, Rosenberg HF. Frontline Science: Cytokine-mediated developmental phenotype of mouse eosinophils: IL-5-associated expression of the Ly6G/Gr1 surface Ag. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 107:367-377. [PMID: 31674692 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1hi1019-116rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils have broad and extensive immunomodulatory capacity; recent studies have focused on the roles of distinct eosinophil subsets in specific tissue microenvironments. Ly6G is a GPI-linked leukocyte surface Ag understood primarily as a marker of mouse neutrophils, although its full function is not known. Here, we show that Ly6G/Gr1, detected by mAbs 1A8 (anti-Ly6G) and RB6-8C5 (anti-Gr1), is detected prominently on a significant fraction of eosinophils from mouse bone marrow and bone marrow-derived culture, with fractions expressing this Ag increasing in IL-5-enriched microenvironments. Among our findings, we identified SiglecF+ Gr1+ eosinophils in bone marrow from naïve, allergen-challenged and IL-5 transgenic mice; SiglecF+ Gr1+ eosinophils were also prominent ex vivo in bone marrow-derived eosinophils (bmEos) in IL-5-enriched culture. Reducing the IL-5 concentration 20-fold had no impact on the rate of generation of SiglecF+ bmEos but did result in a marked increase in the Gr1- fraction (from 17.4 ± 2% to 30 ± 2.3%, ***P < 0.005). Reducing the IL-5 concentration also enhanced chemotaxis; SiglecF+ Gr1- bmEos were considerably more responsive to eotaxin-1 than were their SiglecF+ Gr1+ counterparts. These results suggest that (i) IL-5 regulates the expression of Ly6G/Gr1, either directly or indirectly, in cells of the eosinophil lineage, (ii) eosinophils generated in response to high concentrations of IL-5 can be distinguished from those generated under homeostatic conditions by expression of the Ly6G/Gr1 cell surface Ag, and (iii) expression of Ly6G/Gr1 may have an impact on function, directly or indirectly, including the potential to undergo chemotaxis in response to eotaxin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya R Limkar
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Mai
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Albert C Sek
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Caroline M Percopo
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Helene F Rosenberg
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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24
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Claser C, Nguee SYT, Balachander A, Wu Howland S, Becht E, Gunasegaran B, Hartimath SV, Lee AWQ, Theng Theng Ho J, Bing Ong C, Newell EW, Goggi J, Guan Ng L, Renia L. Lung endothelial cell antigen cross-presentation to CD8 +T cells drives malaria-associated lung injury. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4241. [PMID: 31534124 PMCID: PMC6751193 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI) are life-threatening manifestations of severe malaria infections. The pathogenic mechanisms that lead to respiratory complications, such as vascular leakage, remain unclear. Here, we confirm that depleting CD8+T cells with anti-CD8β antibodies in C57BL/6 mice infected with P. berghei ANKA (PbA) prevent pulmonary vascular leakage. When we transfer activated parasite-specific CD8+T cells into PbA-infected TCRβ-/- mice (devoid of all T-cell populations), pulmonary vascular leakage recapitulates. Additionally, we demonstrate that PbA-infected erythrocyte accumulation leads to lung endothelial cell cross-presentation of parasite antigen to CD8+T cells in an IFNγ-dependent manner. In conclusion, pulmonary vascular damage in ALI is a consequence of IFNγ-activated lung endothelial cells capturing, processing, and cross-presenting malaria parasite antigen to specific CD8+T cells induced during infection. The mechanistic understanding of the immunopathogenesis in malaria-associated ARDS and ALI provide the basis for development of adjunct treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
| | - Samantha Yee Teng Nguee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2 Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Akhila Balachander
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Wu Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Etienne Becht
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Bavani Gunasegaran
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Siddesh V Hartimath
- Isotopic Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), A*STAR, 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Audrey W Q Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Jacqueline Theng Theng Ho
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Chee Bing Ong
- Histolopathology/Advanced Molecular Pathology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Level 6 Proteos Building, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Evan W Newell
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Julian Goggi
- Isotopic Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), A*STAR, 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2 Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
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25
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Pires S, Parker D. Innate Immune Responses to Acinetobacter baumannii in the Airway. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:441-449. [PMID: 31013462 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that has risen to become a serious global threat, prevalent in health care settings and the community, which results in high morbidity and mortality rates. Its alarming expansion of antibiotic resistance is one of the most problematic traits of A. baumannii and as so, this bacterium has been classified as a serious threat and high priority target by the CDC. The most common types of infections induced by this pathogen include pneumonia (both hospital and community acquired), bacteremia, skin and soft tissue, urinary tract infections, endocarditis, and meningitis. Nosocomial pneumonia is the most prevalent of these. This review summarizes the current state of the signaling and innate immune components activated in response to A. baumannii infection in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Pires
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Dane Parker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
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26
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Hermann DM, Kleinschnitz C, Gunzer M. Role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the reperfused ischemic brain: insights from cell-type-specific immunodepletion and fluorescence microscopy studies. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2018; 11:1756286418798607. [PMID: 30245743 PMCID: PMC6144496 DOI: 10.1177/1756286418798607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMNs) are part of the early post-ischemic immune response that orchestrates the removal of infarcted brain tissue. PMNs contribute to secondary brain injury in experimental stroke models. In human patients, high PMN-to-lymphocyte ratios in peripheral blood are predictive of poor stroke outcome. Following earlier studies indicating that the cerebral microvasculature forms an efficient barrier that impedes PMN brain entry even under conditions of ischemia, more recent studies combining intravital two-photon microscopy and ex vivo immunohistochemistry unequivocally demonstrated the accumulation of PMNs in the ischemic brain parenchyma. In the meantime, transgenic mouse lines, such as mice expressing Cre-recombinase and the red fluorescent reporter protein tdTomato under the highly granulocyte-specific locus for the gene Ly6G (so-called Catchup mice), have become available that allow study of dynamic interactions of PMNs with brain parenchymal cells. These mice will further help us understand how PMNs promote brain injury and disturb brain remodeling and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen D-45122, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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27
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Implications of polymorphonuclear neutrophils for ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage: Predictive value, pathophysiological consequences and utility as therapeutic target. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 321:138-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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28
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Xu D, Wang P, Yang J, Qian Q, Li M, Wei L, Xu W. Gr-1+ Cells Other Than Ly6G+ Neutrophils Limit Virus Replication and Promote Myocardial Inflammation and Fibrosis Following Coxsackievirus B3 Infection of Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:157. [PMID: 29868513 PMCID: PMC5962688 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is the primary cause of viral myocarditis. An early and abundant neutrophil accumulation in the myocardium is a hallmark of early CVB3 infection. Yet the relative contribution of neutrophils to host susceptibility to CVB3 myocarditis remains largely unknown. Herein, peripheral neutrophil depletion was implemented in a BALB/c mouse model of acute CVB3 myocarditis using the specific 1A-8 (anti-Ly6G) or a RB6-8C5 (anti-Gr-1) mAb covering a wide range. Anti-Ly6G treatment led to systemic neutropenia throughout the disease, but did not alter virus replication, disease susceptibility and histopathological changes in the heart and pancreas of mice. In contrast, depletion of both neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages by anti-Gr-1 mAb prior to and after infection significantly promoted susceptibility of mice to CVB3 infection which was associated with exacerbated cardiac and pancreatic viral load. However, depletion of Gr1+ cells significantly suppressed acute myocarditis and pancreatic acini destruction at day 7 post infection via reducing Ly6Chigh monocyte population in the circulation. Additionally, cardiac interstitial fibrosis was not affected by neutrophil depletion, whereas Gr-1+ cells other than neutrophils increased cardiac fibrosis at day 21 p.i. by increasing cardiac expression of profibrotic cytokine TNF-α and TGF-β. Thus, Neutrophil function is most likely not essential for CVB3 control and peripheral neutrophils play dispensable role in the pathogenesis of acute myocarditis and pancreatitis during CVB3 infection. Whereas Gr-1+ cells other than neutrophils play a major role in limiting viral replication while promoting myocardial and pancreatic inflammatory injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peijie Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Qian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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29
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Jeon S, Rowe AM, Carroll KL, Harvey SAK, Hendricks RL. PD-L1/B7-H1 Inhibits Viral Clearance by Macrophages in HSV-1-Infected Corneas. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3711-3719. [PMID: 29669784 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immune privilege helps protect the cornea from damaging inflammation but can also impair pathogen clearance from this mucosal surface. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1 or B7-H1) contributes to corneal immune privilege by inhibiting the function of a variety of immune cells. We asked whether programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 interaction regulates HSV-1 clearance from infected corneas. We show that PD-L1 is constitutively expressed in the corneal epithelium and is upregulated upon HSV-1 corneal infection, with peak expression on CD45+ cells NK cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and macrophages and CD45- corneal epithelial cells at 4 d postinfection (dpi). As early as 1 dpi, HSV-1-infected corneas of B7-H1-/- mice as compared with wild-type mice showed increased chemokine expression and this correlated with increased migration of inflammatory cells into the viral lesions and decreased HSV-1 corneal titers. Local PD-L1 blockade caused a similar increase in viral clearance, suggesting a local effect of PD-1/PD-L1 in the cornea. The enhanced HSV-1 clearance at 2 dpi resulting from PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is mediated primarily by a monocyte/macrophage population. Studies in bone marrow chimeras demonstrated enhanced viral clearance when PD-L1 was absent only from nonhematopoietic cells. We conclude that PD-L1 expression on corneal cells negatively impacts the ability of the innate immune system to clear HSV-1 from infected corneas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Jeon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Alexander M Rowe
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Kate L Carroll
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Graduate Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Stephen A K Harvey
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Robert L Hendricks
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; and.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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30
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Naumenko V, Turk M, Jenne CN, Kim SJ. Neutrophils in viral infection. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 371:505-516. [PMID: 29327081 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first wave of recruited immune cells to sites of injury or infection and are crucial players in controlling bacterial and fungal infections. Although the role of neutrophils during bacterial or fungal infections is well understood, their impact on antiviral immunity is much less studied. Furthermore, neutrophil function in tumor pathogenesis and cancer treatment has recently received much attention, particularly within the context of oncolytic virus infection where neutrophils produce antitumor cytokines and enhance oncolysis. In this review, multiple functions of neutrophils in viral infections and immunity are discussed. Understanding the role of neutrophils during viral infection may provide insight into the pathogenesis of virus infections and the outcome of virus-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Naumenko
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, HRIC 3330 Hospital Drive N.W, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.,National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninskiy prospect 4, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Madison Turk
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, HRIC 3330 Hospital Drive N.W, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Craig N Jenne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, HRIC 3330 Hospital Drive N.W, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Calvin, Phoebe & Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, HRIC 2C26, 3280 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Seok-Joo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, HRIC 3330 Hospital Drive N.W, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Calvin, Phoebe & Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, HRIC 4C49, 3280 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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31
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Edwards RG, Kopp SJ, Ifergan I, Shui JW, Kronenberg M, Miller SD, Longnecker R. Murine Corneal Inflammation and Nerve Damage After Infection With HSV-1 Are Promoted by HVEM and Ameliorated by Immune-Modifying Nanoparticle Therapy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:282-291. [PMID: 28114589 PMCID: PMC5256684 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine cellular and temporal expression patterns of herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM, Tnfrsf14) in the murine cornea during the course of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection, the impact of this expression on pathogenesis, and whether alterations in HVEM or downstream HVEM-mediated effects ameliorate corneal disease. Methods Corneal HVEM levels were assessed in C57BL/6 mice after infection with HSV-1(17). Leukocytic infiltrates and corneal sensitivity loss were measured in the presence, global absence (HVEM knockout [KO] mice; Tnfrsf14-/-), or partial absence of HVEM (HVEM conditional KO). Effects of immune-modifying nanoparticles (IMPs) on viral replication, corneal sensitivity, and corneal infiltrates were measured. Results Corneal HVEM+ populations, particularly monocytes/macrophages during acute infection (3 days post infection [dpi]) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) during the chronic inflammatory phase (14 dpi), increased after HSV-1 infection. Herpes virus entry mediator increased leukocytes in the cornea and corneal sensitivity loss. Ablation of HVEM from CD45+ cells, or intravenous IMP therapy, reduced infiltrates in the chronic phase and maintained corneal sensitivity. Conclusions Herpes virus entry mediator was expressed on two key populations: corneal monocytes/macrophages and PMNs. Herpes virus entry mediator promoted the recruitment of myeloid cells to the cornea in the chronic phase. Herpes virus entry mediator-associated corneal sensitivity loss preceded leukocytic infiltration, suggesting it may play an active role in recruitment. We propose that HVEM on resident corneal macrophages increases nerve damage and immune cell invasion, and we showed that prevention of late-phase infiltration of PMN and CD4+ T cells by IMP therapy improved clinical symptoms and mortality and reduced corneal sensitivity loss caused by HSV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Edwards
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Sarah J Kopp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Igal Ifergan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States 2Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Jr-Wen Shui
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States 2Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Richard Longnecker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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32
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Bird AK, Chang M, Barnard J, Goldman BI, Meednu N, Rangel-Moreno J, Anolik JH. Neutrophils Slow Disease Progression in Murine Lupus via Modulation of Autoreactive Germinal Centers. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:458-466. [PMID: 28584005 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are well characterized as mediators of peripheral tissue damage in lupus, but it remains unclear whether they influence loss of self-tolerance in the adaptive immune compartment. Lupus neutrophils produce elevated levels of factors known to fuel autoantibody production, including IL-6 and B cell survival factors, but also reactive oxygen intermediates, which can suppress lymphocyte proliferation. To assess whether neutrophils directly influence the progression of autoreactivity in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), we characterized the localization and cell-cell contacts of splenic neutrophils at several stages in the progression of disease in the NZB/W murine model of lupus. Neutrophils accumulate in SLO over the course of lupus progression, preferentially localizing near T lymphocytes early in disease and B cells with advanced disease. RNA sequencing reveals that the splenic neutrophil transcriptional program changes significantly over the course of disease, with neutrophil expression of anti-inflammatory mediators peaking during early-stage and midstage disease, and evidence of neutrophil activation with advanced disease. To assess whether neutrophils exert predominantly protective or deleterious effects on loss of B cell self-tolerance in vivo, we depleted neutrophils at different stages of disease. Neutrophil depletion early in lupus resulted in a striking acceleration in the onset of renal disease, SLO germinal center formation, and autoreactive plasma cell production. In contrast, neutrophil depletion with more advanced disease did not alter systemic lupus erythematosus progression. These results demonstrate a surprising temporal and context-dependent role for neutrophils in restraining autoreactive B cell activation in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Bird
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Martin Chang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642; and
| | - Jennifer Barnard
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642; and
| | - Bruce I Goldman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Nida Meednu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642; and
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642; and
| | - Jennifer H Anolik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642; .,Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642; and
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Bidirectional immune tolerance in nonmyeloablative MHC-mismatched BMT for murine β-thalassemia. Blood 2017; 129:3017-3030. [PMID: 28351935 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-03-704387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonmyeloablative conditioning using total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and rabbit antithymocyte serum (ATS) (the murine preclinical equivalent of antithymocyte globulin [ATG]) facilitates immune tolerance after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) across major histocompatibility complex (MHC) disparities and may be a useful strategy for nonmalignant disorders. We previously reported that donor effector T-cell function and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are regulated via recipient invariant natural killer T-cell (iNKT) interleukin-4-driven expansion of donor Foxp3+ naturally occurring regulatory T cells (Tregs). This occurs via recipient iNKT- and STAT6-dependent expansion of recipient myeloid dendritic cells (MDCs) that induce contact-dependent expansion of donor Treg through PD-1/PD ligand signaling. After TLI/ATS + BMT, Gr-1lowCD11c+ MDCs and Gr-1highCD11cneg myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were enriched in GVHD target organs. We now report that the recovery of both recipient MDSCs (P < .01) and MDCs (P < .01) is significantly increased when the alkylator cyclophosphamide (CTX) is added to TLI/ATS conditioning. In a BALB/c → B6 lethal GVHD model, adoptive transfer of MDSCs from TLI/ATS/CTX-conditioned recipients is associated with significantly improved GVHD colitis and survival (P < .001), conversion of MDSCs to PD ligand-expressing MDCs, and increased donor naturally occurring Treg recovery (P < .01) compared with control treatment. Using BALB/c donors and β-thalassemic HW-80 recipients, we found significantly improved rates of engraftment and GVHD following TLI/ATS/CTX compared with TLI/ATS, lethal or sublethal total body irradiation/ATS/CTX, or CTX/ATS conditioning. These data provide preclinical support for trials of TLI/ATG/alkylator regimens for MHC-mismatched BMT for hemoglobinopathies. The data also delineate innate immune mechanisms by which TLI/ATS/CTX conditioning may augment transplantation tolerance.
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Kalkavan H, Sharma P, Kasper S, Helfrich I, Pandyra AA, Gassa A, Virchow I, Flatz L, Brandenburg T, Namineni S, Heikenwalder M, Höchst B, Knolle PA, Wollmann G, von Laer D, Drexler I, Rathbun J, Cannon PM, Scheu S, Bauer J, Chauhan J, Häussinger D, Willimsky G, Löhning M, Schadendorf D, Brandau S, Schuler M, Lang PA, Lang KS. Spatiotemporally restricted arenavirus replication induces immune surveillance and type I interferon-dependent tumour regression. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14447. [PMID: 28248314 PMCID: PMC5337983 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated effector molecules can limit cancer growth, but lack of sustained immune activation in the tumour microenvironment restricts antitumour immunity. New therapeutic approaches that induce a strong and prolonged immune activation would represent a major immunotherapeutic advance. Here we show that the arenaviruses lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and the clinically used Junin virus vaccine (Candid#1) preferentially replicate in tumour cells in a variety of murine and human cancer models. Viral replication leads to prolonged local immune activation, rapid regression of localized and metastatic cancers, and long-term disease control. Mechanistically, LCMV induces antitumour immunity, which depends on the recruitment of interferon-producing Ly6C+ monocytes and additionally enhances tumour-specific CD8+ T cells. In comparison with other clinically evaluated oncolytic viruses and to PD-1 blockade, LCMV treatment shows promising antitumoural benefits. In conclusion, therapeutically administered arenavirus replicates in cancer cells and induces tumour regression by enhancing local immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halime Kalkavan
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Piyush Sharma
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Kasper
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Iris Helfrich
- Department of Dermatology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Aleksandra A. Pandyra
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Asmae Gassa
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cologne University Heart Center, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Isabel Virchow
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology, Cantonal Hospital, Rorschacher Strasse 95, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland
| | - Tim Brandenburg
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Sukumar Namineni
- Department of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Schneckenburgstrasse 8, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Department of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Schneckenburgstrasse 8, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Bastian Höchst
- Institute of Molecular Immunology/Experimental Oncology, München Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Percy A. Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology/Experimental Oncology, München Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Wollmann
- Division for Virology, Medical University Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 4b, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dorothee von Laer
- Division for Virology, Medical University Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 4b, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ingo Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica Rathbun
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 California, USA
| | - Paula M. Cannon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 California, USA
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Bauer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jagat Chauhan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Research Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerald Willimsky
- Institute of Immunology (Charité - University Medicine Berlin), 3125 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 13125 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Max Löhning
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité—University Medicine Berlin and German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp A. Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl S. Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
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Neutrophils are dispensable in the modulation of T cell immunity against cutaneous HSV-1 infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41091. [PMID: 28112242 PMCID: PMC5253768 DOI: 10.1038/srep41091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils rapidly infiltrate sites of inflammation during peripheral infection or tissue injury. In addition to their well described roles as pro-inflammatory phagocytes responsible for pathogen clearance, recent studies have demonstrated a broader functional repertoire including mediating crosstalk between innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Specifically, neutrophils have been proposed to mediate antigen transport to lymph nodes (LN) to modulate T cell priming and to influence T cell migration to infected tissues. Using a mouse model of cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection we explored potential contributions of neutrophils toward anti-viral immunity. While a transient, early influx of neutrophils was triggered by dermal scarification, we did not detect migration of neutrophils from the skin to LN. Furthermore, despite recruitment of neutrophils into LN from the blood, priming and expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was unaffected following neutrophil depletion. Finally, we found that neutrophils were dispensable for the migration of effector T cells into infected skin. Our study suggests that the immunomodulatory roles of neutrophils toward adaptive immunity may be context-dependent, and are likely determined by the type of pathogen and anatomical site of infection.
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O'Connor MA, Rastad JL, Green WR. The Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Viral Infection. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:82-97. [PMID: 28051364 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogeneous immature myeloid cells that are well described as potent immune regulatory cells during human cancer and murine tumor models. Reports of MDSCs during viral infections remain limited, and their association with immunomodulation of viral diseases is still being defined. Here, we provide an overview of MDSCs or MDSC-like cells identified during viral infections, including murine viral models and human viral diseases. Understanding the similarities and/or differences of virally induced versus tumor-derived MDSCs will be important for designing future immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A O'Connor
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , New Hampshire
| | - Jessica L Rastad
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , New Hampshire
| | - William R Green
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , New Hampshire.,2 Norris Cotton Cancer Center , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon , New Hampshire
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Pneumovirus-Induced Lung Disease in Mice Is Independent of Neutrophil-Driven Inflammation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168779. [PMID: 28005954 PMCID: PMC5179008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human pneumovirus respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen causing lower respiratory tract disease in young children worldwide. A hallmark of severe human RSV infection is the strong neutrophil recruitment to the airways and lungs. Massive neutrophil activation has been proven detrimental in numerous diseases, yet in RSV the contribution of neutrophils to disease severity, and thereby, the relevance of targeting them, is largely unknown. To determine the relevance of potential neutrophil targeting therapies, we implemented antibody-mediated neutrophil depletion in a mouse pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) model. PVM is a host specific murine pneumovirus closely related to human RSV, which reproduces many of the features of RSV infection, such as high viral replication and neutrophil recruitment. Clinical disease and markers of lung inflammation and injury were studied in PVM-infected mice treated with either depleting or isotype control antibodies. To confirm our results we performed all experiments in two mice strains: C57Bl6 and BALBc mice. Neutrophil depletion in blood and lungs was efficient throughout the disease. Remarkably, in both mouse strains we found no difference in clinical disease severity between neutrophil-depleted and control arms. In line with this observation, we found no differences between groups in histopathological lung injury and lung viral loads. In conclusion, our study shows that in mice neutrophil recruitment to the lungs does not affect disease outcome or viral clearance during severe PVM infection. As such, this model does not support the notion that neutrophils play a key role in mouse pneumovirus disease.
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Kinkead LC, Allen LAH. Multifaceted effects of Francisella tularensis on human neutrophil function and lifespan. Immunol Rev 2016; 273:266-81. [PMID: 27558340 PMCID: PMC5000853 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Francisella tularensis in an intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes a potentially lethal disease called tularemia. Studies performed nearly 100 years ago revealed that neutrophil accumulation in infected tissues correlates directly with the extent of necrotic damage during F. tularensis infection. However, the dynamics and details of bacteria-neutrophil interactions have only recently been studied in detail. Herein, we review current understanding regarding the mechanisms that recruit neutrophils to F. tularensis-infected lungs, opsonization and phagocytosis, evasion and inhibition of neutrophil defense mechanisms, as well as the ability of F. tularensis to prolong neutrophil lifespan. In addition, we discuss distinctive features of the bacterium, including its ability to act at a distance to alter overall neutrophil responsiveness to exogenous stimuli, and the evidence which suggests that macrophages and neutrophils play distinct roles in tularemia pathogenesis, such that macrophages are major vehicles for intracellular growth and dissemination, whereas neutrophils drive tissue destruction by dysregulation of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Kinkead
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Lee-Ann H. Allen
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242
- VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242
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Takamura M, Koga K, Izumi G, Urata Y, Nagai M, Hasegawa A, Harada M, Hirata T, Hirota Y, Wada-Hiraike O, Fujii T, Osuga Y. Neutrophil depletion reduces endometriotic lesion formation in mice. Am J Reprod Immunol 2016; 76:193-8. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaori Koga
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; the University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Gentaro Izumi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; the University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoko Urata
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; the University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Miwako Nagai
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; the University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Akiko Hasegawa
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; the University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Miyuki Harada
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; the University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; the University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasushi Hirota
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; the University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; the University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; the University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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40
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McGovern TK, Goldberger M, Allard B, Farahnak S, Hamamoto Y, O'Sullivan M, Hirota N, Martel G, Rousseau S, Martin JG. Neutrophils mediate airway hyperresponsiveness after chlorine-induced airway injury in the mouse. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 52:513-22. [PMID: 25192041 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0430oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorine gas (Cl2) inhalation causes oxidative stress, airway epithelial damage, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and neutrophilia. We evaluated the effect of neutrophil depletion on Cl2-induced AHR and its effect on the endogenous antioxidant response, and if eosinophils or macrophages influence Cl2-induced AHR. We exposed male Balb/C mice to 100 ppm Cl2 for 5 minutes. We quantified inflammatory cell populations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), the antioxidant response in lung tissue by quantitative PCR, and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) nuclear translocation by immunofluorescence. In vitro, NRF2 nuclear translocation in response to exogenous hypochlorite was assessed using a luciferase assay. Anti-granulocyte receptor-1 antibody or anti-Ly6G was used to deplete neutrophils. The effects of neutrophil depletion on IL-13 and IL-17 were measured by ELISA. Eosinophils and macrophages were depleted using TRFK5 or clodronate-loaded liposomes, respectively. AHR was evaluated with the constant-phase model in response to inhaled aerosolized methacholine. Our results show that Cl2 exposure induced neutrophilia and increased expression of NRF2 mRNA, superoxide dismutase-1, and heme-oxygenase 1. Neutrophil depletion abolished Cl2-induced AHR in large conducting airways and prevented increases in antioxidant gene expression and NRF2 nuclear translocation. Exogenous hypochlorite administration resulted in increased NRF2 nuclear translocation in vitro. After Cl2 exposure, neutrophils occupied 22 ± 7% of the luminal space in large airways. IL-17 in BAL was increased after Cl2, although this effect was not prevented by neutrophil depletion. Neither depletion of eosinophils nor macrophages prevented Cl2-induced AHR. Our data suggest the ability of neutrophils to promote Cl2-induced AHR is dependent on increases in oxidative stress and occupation of luminal space in large airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby K McGovern
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Infiltration Pattern of Blood Monocytes into the Central Nervous System during Experimental Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145773. [PMID: 26700486 PMCID: PMC4689369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics and distribution of infiltrating blood monocytes into the central nervous system and their involvement in the cerebral immune response together with resident macrophages, namely microglia, were evaluated in experimental herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE). To distinguish microglia from blood monocyte-derived macrophages, chimeras were generated by conditioning C57BL/6 recipient mice with chemotherapy regimen followed by transplantation of bone morrow-derived cells that expressed the green fluorescent protein. Mice were infected intranasally with a sub-lethal dose of HSV-1 (1.2x106 plaque forming units). Brains were harvested prior to and on days 4, 6, 8 and 10 post-infection for flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry analysis. The amounts of neutrophils (P<0.05) and «Ly6Chi» inflammatory monocytes (P<0.001) significantly increased in the CNS compared to non-infected controls on day 6 post-infection, which corresponded to more severe clinical signs of HSE. Levels decreased on day 8 for both leukocytes subpopulations (P<0.05 for inflammatory monocytes compared to non-infected controls) to reach baseline levels on day 10 following infection. The percentage of «Ly6Clow» patrolling monocytes significantly increased (P<0.01) at a later time point (day 8), which correlated with the resolution phase of HSE. Histological analysis demonstrated that blood leukocytes colonized mostly the olfactory bulb and the brainstem, which corresponded to regions where HSV-1 particles were detected. Furthermore, infiltrating cells from the monocytic lineage could differentiate into activated local tissue macrophages that express the microglia marker, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1. The lack of albumin detection in the brain parenchyma of infected mice showed that the infiltration of blood leukocytes was not necessarily related to a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier but could be the result of a functional recruitment. Thus, our findings suggest that blood monocyte-derived macrophages infiltrate the central nervous system and may contribute, with resident microglia, to the innate immune response seen during experimental HSE.
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42
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Royer DJ, Zheng M, Conrady CD, Carr DJJ. Granulocytes in Ocular HSV-1 Infection: Opposing Roles of Mast Cells and Neutrophils. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:3763-75. [PMID: 26066745 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The contributions of mast cells (MCs) to immunologic defense against pathogens in the eye are unknown. We have characterized pericorneal MCs as tissue-resident innate sentinels and determined their impact on the immune response to herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1), a common ocular pathogen. METHODS The impact of mast cells on the immune response to HSV-1 infection was investigated using MC-deficient Kit(W-sh) mice. Virus titers, inflammatory cytokine production, eicosanoid profiles, cellular immune responses, and ocular pathology were evaluated and compared with C57BL/6J mice during an acute corneal HSV-1 infection. RESULTS Corneas of Kit(W-sh) mice have higher viral titers, increased edema, and greater leukocyte infiltration following HSV-1 infection. Following infection, cytokine profiles were slightly elevated overall in Kit(W-sh) mice. Eicosanoid profiles were remarkably different only when comparing uninfected corneas from both groups. Neutrophils within infected corneas expressed HSV-1 antigen, lytic genes, and served as a disease-causing vector when adoptively transferred into immunocompromised animals. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells did not infiltrate into the cornea or suppress the expansion, recruitment, or cytokine production by CD8+ T cells following acute HSV-1 infection. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings provide new insight into host defense in the cornea and the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection by identifying previously unacknowledged MCs as protective innate sentinels for infection of the ocular surface and reinforcing that neutrophils are detrimental to corneal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Royer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Christopher D Conrady
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Daniel J J Carr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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Redundant Function of Plasmacytoid and Conventional Dendritic Cells Is Required To Survive a Natural Virus Infection. J Virol 2015. [PMID: 26202250 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01024-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Viruses that spread systemically from a peripheral site of infection cause morbidity and mortality in the human population. Innate myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mo-DC), and dendritic cells (DC), respond early during viral infection to control viral replication, reducing virus spread from the peripheral site. Ectromelia virus (ECTV), an orthopoxvirus that naturally infects the mouse, spreads systemically from the peripheral site of infection and results in death of susceptible mice. While phagocytic cells have a requisite role in the response to ECTV, the requirement for individual myeloid cell populations during acute immune responses to peripheral viral infection is unclear. In this study, a variety of myeloid-specific depletion methods were used to dissect the roles of individual myeloid cell subsets in the survival of ECTV infection. We showed that DC are the primary producers of type I interferons (T1-IFN), requisite cytokines for survival, following ECTV infection. DC, but not macrophages, monocytes, or granulocytes, were required for control of the virus and survival of mice following ECTV infection. Depletion of either plasmacytoid DC (pDC) alone or the lymphoid-resident DC subset (CD8α(+) DC) alone did not confer lethal susceptibility to ECTV. However, the function of at least one of the pDC or CD8α(+) DC subsets is required for survival of ECTV infection, as mice depleted of both populations were susceptible to ECTV challenge. The presence of at least one of these DC subsets is sufficient for cytokine production that reduces ECTV replication and virus spread, facilitating survival following infection. IMPORTANCE Prior to the eradication of variola virus, the orthopoxvirus that causes smallpox, one-third of infected people succumbed to the disease. Following successful eradication of smallpox, vaccination rates with the smallpox vaccine have significantly dropped. There is now an increasing incidence of zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections for which there are no effective treatments. Moreover, the safety of the smallpox vaccine is of great concern, as complications may arise, resulting in morbidity. Like many viruses that cause significant human diseases, orthopoxviruses spread from a peripheral site of infection to become systemic. This study elucidates the early requirement for innate immune cells in controlling a peripheral infection with ECTV, the causative agent of mousepox. We report that there is redundancy in the function of two innate immune cell subsets in controlling virus spread early during infection. The viral control mediated by these cell subsets presents a potential target for therapies and rational vaccine design.
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Schumak B, Klocke K, Kuepper JM, Biswas A, Djie-Maletz A, Limmer A, van Rooijen N, Mack M, Hoerauf A, Dunay IR. Specific depletion of Ly6C(hi) inflammatory monocytes prevents immunopathology in experimental cerebral malaria. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124080. [PMID: 25884830 PMCID: PMC4401438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection of C57BL/6 mice leads to experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) that is commonly associated with serious T cell mediated damage. In other parasitic infection models, inflammatory monocytes have been shown to regulate Th1 responses but their role in ECM remains poorly defined, whereas neutrophils are reported to contribute to ECM immune pathology. Making use of the recent development of specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb), we depleted in vivo Ly6C(hi) inflammatory monocytes (by anti-CCR2), Ly6G+ neutrophils (by anti-Ly6G) or both cell types (by anti-Gr1) during infection with Ovalbumin-transgenic PbA parasites (PbTg). Notably, the application of anti-Gr1 or anti-CCR2 but not anti-Ly6G antibodies into PbTg-infected mice prevented ECM development. In addition, depletion of Ly6C(hi) inflammatory monocytes but not neutrophils led to decreased IFNγ levels and IFNγ+CD8+ T effector cells in the brain. Importantly, anti-CCR2 mAb injection did not prevent the generation of PbTg-specific T cell responses in the periphery, whereas anti-Gr1 mAb injection strongly diminished T cell frequencies and CTL responses. In conclusion, the specific depletion of Ly6C(hi) inflammatory monocytes attenuated brain inflammation and immune cell recruitment to the CNS, which prevented ECM following Plasmodium infection, pointing out a substantial role of Ly6C+ monocytes in ECM inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Schumak
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail: (BS); (IRD)
| | - Katrin Klocke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Janina M. Kuepper
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aindrila Biswas
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Limmer
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nico van Rooijen
- VUMC Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (BS); (IRD)
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45
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Catchup: a mouse model for imaging-based tracking and modulation of neutrophil granulocytes. Nat Methods 2015; 12:445-52. [DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Neumann J, Riek-Burchardt M, Herz J, Doeppner TR, König R, Hütten H, Etemire E, Männ L, Klingberg A, Fischer T, Görtler MW, Heinze HJ, Reichardt P, Schraven B, Hermann DM, Reymann KG, Gunzer M. Very-late-antigen-4 (VLA-4)-mediated brain invasion by neutrophils leads to interactions with microglia, increased ischemic injury and impaired behavior in experimental stroke. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:259-77. [PMID: 25391494 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal injury from ischemic stroke is aggravated by invading peripheral immune cells. Early infiltrates of neutrophil granulocytes and T-cells influence the outcome of stroke. So far, however, neither the timing nor the cellular dynamics of neutrophil entry, its consequences for the invaded brain area, or the relative importance of T-cells has been extensively studied in an intravital setting. Here, we have used intravital two-photon microscopy to document neutrophils and brain-resident microglia in mice after induction of experimental stroke. We demonstrated that neutrophils immediately rolled, firmly adhered, and transmigrated at sites of endothelial activation in stroke-affected brain areas. The ensuing neutrophil invasion was associated with local blood-brain barrier breakdown and infarct formation. Brain-resident microglia recognized both endothelial damage and neutrophil invasion. In a cooperative manner, they formed cytoplasmic processes to physically shield activated endothelia and trap infiltrating neutrophils. Interestingly, the systemic blockade of very-late-antigen-4 immediately and very effectively inhibited the endothelial interaction and brain entry of neutrophils. This treatment thereby strongly reduced the ischemic tissue injury and effectively protected the mice from stroke-associated behavioral impairment. Behavioral preservation was also equally well achieved with the antibody-mediated depletion of myeloid cells or specifically neutrophils. In contrast, T-cell depletion more effectively reduced the infarct volume without improving the behavioral performance. Thus, neutrophil invasion of the ischemic brain is rapid, massive, and a key mediator of functional impairment, while peripheral T-cells promote brain damage. Acutely depleting T-cells and inhibiting brain infiltration of neutrophils might, therefore, be a powerful early stroke treatment.
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Micanovic R, Chitteti BR, Dagher PC, Srour EF, Khan S, Hato T, Lyle A, Tong Y, Wu XR, El-Achkar TM. Tamm-Horsfall Protein Regulates Granulopoiesis and Systemic Neutrophil Homeostasis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:2172-82. [PMID: 25556169 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014070664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) is a glycoprotein uniquely expressed in the kidney. We recently showed an important role for THP in mediating tubular cross-talk in the outer medulla and in suppressing neutrophil infiltration after kidney injury. However, it remains unclear whether THP has a broader role in neutrophil homeostasis. In this study, we show that THP deficiency in mice increases the number of neutrophils, not only in the kidney but also in the circulation and in the liver, through enhanced granulopoiesis in the bone marrow. Using multiplex ELISA, we identified IL-17 as a key granulopoietic cytokine specifically upregulated in the kidneys but not in the liver of THP(-/-) mice. Indeed, neutralization of IL-17 in THP(-/-) mice completely reversed the systemic neutrophilia. Furthermore, IL-23 was also elevated in THP(-/-) kidneys. We performed real-time PCR on laser microdissected tubular segments and FACS-sorted renal immune cells and identified the S3 proximal segments, but not renal macrophages, as a major source of increased IL-23 synthesis. In conclusion, we show that THP deficiency stimulates proximal epithelial activation of the IL-23/IL-17 axis and systemic neutrophilia. Our findings provide evidence that the kidney epithelium in the outer medulla can regulate granulopoiesis. When this novel function is added to its known role in erythropoiesis, the kidney emerges as an important regulator of the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brahmananda R Chitteti
- Hematology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Edward F Srour
- Hematology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | - Yan Tong
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hematology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana; Departments of Urology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System Manhattan Campus, New York, New York; and Roudebush Indianapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System Manhattan Campus, New York, New York; and
| | - Tarek M El-Achkar
- Divisions of Nephrology and Roudebush Indianapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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48
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Weber FC, Németh T, Csepregi JZ, Dudeck A, Roers A, Ozsvári B, Oswald E, Puskás LG, Jakob T, Mócsai A, Martin SF. Neutrophils are required for both the sensitization and elicitation phase of contact hypersensitivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 212:15-22. [PMID: 25512469 PMCID: PMC4291534 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20130062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Weber et al. report that neutrophils are required for both the sensitization and elicitation phase of contact hypersensitivity. Their results identify a novel role for neutrophils in shaping the adaptive immune response. Allergic contact dermatitis and its animal model, contact hypersensitivity (CHS), are T cell–mediated inflammatory skin diseases induced by contact allergens. Though numerous cellular and molecular players are known, the mechanism of chemical-induced sensitization remains poorly understood. Here, we identify neutrophils as crucial players in the sensitization phase of CHS. Genetic deficiency of neutrophils caused by myeloid-specific deletion of Mcl-1 or antibody-mediated depletion of neutrophils before sensitization abrogated the CHS response. Neutrophil deficiency reduced contact allergen-induced cytokine production, gelatinase release, and reactive oxygen species production in naive mice. Mast cell deficiency inhibited neutrophil accumulation at the site of sensitization. In turn, neutrophils were required for contact allergen-induced release of further neutrophil-attracting chemokines, migration of DCs to the draining lymph nodes, and priming of allergen-specific T cells. Lymph node cells from mice sensitized in the absence of neutrophils failed to transfer sensitization to naive recipients. Furthermore, no CHS response could be induced when neutrophils were depleted before elicitation or when normally sensitized lymph node cells were transferred to neutrophil-deficient recipients, indicating an additional role for neutrophils in the elicitation phase. Collectively, our data identify neutrophils to be critically involved in both the sensitization and elicitation phase of CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix C Weber
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine; MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Németh
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine; MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine; MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janka Z Csepregi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine; MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine; MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Institute for Immunology, Technische Universität Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Technische Universität Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Eva Oswald
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Thilo Jakob
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine; MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine; MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefan F Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Rolinski J, Hus I. Immunological aspects of acute and recurrent herpes simplex keratitis. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:513560. [PMID: 25276842 PMCID: PMC4170747 DOI: 10.1155/2014/513560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) belongs to the major causes of visual morbidity worldwide and available methods of treatment remain unsatisfactory. Primary infection occurs usually early in life and is often asymptomatic. Chronic visual impairment and visual loss are caused by corneal scaring, thinning, and vascularization connected with recurrent HSV infections. The pathogenesis of herpetic keratitis is complex and is still not fully understood. According to the current knowledge, corneal scarring and vascularization are the result of chronic inflammatory reaction against HSV antigens. In this review we discuss the role of innate and adaptive immunities in acute and recurrent HSV ocular infection and present the potential future targets for novel therapeutical options based on immune interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Rolinski
- Chair and Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Hus
- Department of Clinical Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
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Uyangaa E, Patil AM, Eo SK. Prophylactic and therapeutic modulation of innate and adaptive immunity against mucosal infection of herpes simplex virus. Immune Netw 2014; 14:187-200. [PMID: 25177251 PMCID: PMC4148489 DOI: 10.4110/in.2014.14.4.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are the most common cause of genital ulceration in humans worldwide. Typically, HSV-1 and 2 infections via mucosal route result in a lifelong latent infection after peripheral replication in mucosal tissues, thereby providing potential transmission to neighbor hosts in response to reactivation. To break the transmission cycle, immunoprophylactics and therapeutic strategies must be focused on prevention of infection or reduction of infectivity at mucosal sites. Currently, our understanding of the immune responses against mucosal infection of HSV remains intricate and involves a balance between innate signaling pathways and the adaptive immune responses. Numerous studies have demonstrated that HSV mucosal infection induces type I interferons (IFN) via recognition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and activates multiple immune cell populations, including NK cells, conventional dendritic cells (DCs), and plasmacytoid DCs. This innate immune response is required not only for the early control of viral replication at mucosal sites, but also for establishing adaptive immune responses against HSV antigens. Although the contribution of humoral immune response is controversial, CD4(+) Th1 T cells producing IFN-γ are believed to play an important role in eradicating virus from the hosts. In addition, the recent experimental successes of immunoprophylactic and therapeutic compounds that enhance resistance and/or reduce viral burden at mucosal sites have accumulated. This review focuses on attempts to modulate innate and adaptive immunity against HSV mucosal infection for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. Notably, cells involved in innate immune regulations appear to shape adaptive immune responses. Thus, we summarized the current evidence of various immune mediators in response to mucosal HSV infection, focusing on the importance of innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdenebileg Uyangaa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Ajit Mahadev Patil
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
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