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Saputra F, Kishida M, Hu SY. Nitrate and Nitrite Exposure Induces Visual Impairments in Adult Zebrafish. TOXICS 2024; 12:518. [PMID: 39058170 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate and nitrite have emerged as increasingly common environmental pollutants, posing significant risks to various forms of life within ecosystems. To understand their impact on the visual system of zebrafish, adult zebrafish were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of nitrate (10 mg/L) and nitrite (1 mg/L) for 7 days. Visual behaviors were examined using optomotor and avoidance response. The eyeballs of the zebrafish were collected for H&E staining, IHC, and qPCR. Exposure decreased visual behavior and the thickness of most retinal layers. Exposure decreased expression of pax6a, pax6b, gpx1a, and bcl2a. Exposure increased expression of esr1, esr1a, esr2b, cyp19a1b, sod1a, nos2a, casps3, and tp53, and increased retinal brain aromatase expression by IHC. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that nitrate and nitrite exposure negatively impacted the visual system of adult zebrafish, highlighting the potential hazards of these environmental pollutants on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Febriyansyah Saputra
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kishida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shao-Yang Hu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
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2
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Farhad SZ, Karbalaeihasanesfahani A, Dadgar E, Nasiri K, Esfahaniani M, Nabi Afjadi M. The role of periodontitis in cancer development, with a focus on oral cancers. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:814. [PMID: 39008163 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a severe gum infection that begins as gingivitis and can lead to gum recession, bone loss, and tooth loss if left untreated. It is primarily caused by bacterial infection, which triggers inflammation and the formation of periodontal pockets. Notably, periodontitis is associated with systemic health issues and has been linked to heart disease, diabetes, respiratory diseases, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and cancers. Accordingly, the presence of chronic inflammation and immune system dysregulation in individuals with periodontitis significantly contributes to the initiation and progression of various cancers, particularly oral cancers. These processes promote genetic mutations, impair DNA repair mechanisms, and create a tumor-supportive environment. Moreover, the bacteria associated with periodontitis produce harmful byproducts and toxins that directly damage the DNA within oral cells, exacerbating cancer development. In addition, chronic inflammation not only stimulates cell proliferation but also inhibits apoptosis, causes DNA damage, and triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these factors play a crucial role in the progression of cancer in individuals affected by periodontitis. Further, specific viral and bacterial agents, such as hepatitis B and C viruses, human papillomavirus (HPV), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and Porphyromonas gingivalis, contribute to cancer development through distinct mechanisms. Bacterial infections have systemic implications for cancer development, while viral infections provoke immune and inflammatory responses that can lead to genetic mutations. This review will elucidate the link between periodontitis and cancers, particularly oral cancers, exploring their underlying mechanisms to provide insights for future research and treatment advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Zahra Farhad
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan(Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Esmaeel Dadgar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kamyar Nasiri
- Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahla Esfahaniani
- Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nabi Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Mumtaz F, Farag BM, Farahat MA, Farouk FA, Aarif MY, Eltresy MH, Amin MH, Habotta OA, Alneghery LM, Alawam AS, Almuqri EA, Aleissa MS, Alhudhaibi AM, Al-Olayan E, Abdel Moneim AE, Ramadan SS. Leek (Allium ampeloprasum var. kurrat) aqueous extract loaded on selenium nanoparticles protects against testis and brain injury induced by mercuric chloride in rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38993070 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) is poisonous to humans and animals and typically damages the nervous system and other organs. Mercuric chloride exposition disclosed to initiation of oxidative stress pathway can result in a defect in male fertility and testis tissue. Synthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were characterized with a diameter range minimal than 100 nm, having the effective sets of the biological matter. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of biosynthesized SeNPs, prepared by leek extract on Wistar rats' testicles and brain. METHODS Thirty-five Wistar male rats (120-150 g) were randomly split into five groups (n = 7), orally ingested with leek aqueous extract loaded on SeNPs, and then the animals were administered with mercury II chloride (HgCl2) to induce testis injury and damage the nervous system. RESULTS The used dose of mercuric chloride led to oxidative stress damage in the testis of the rats which was evidenced by a decrease in testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels, and an increase in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and caspase-3. Also, HgCl2 decreased the levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brains of rats. In addition, A decrease was observed in the levels of antioxidant markers, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), as well as an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and Bax in both testes and brains. Pre-treatment with leek extract loaded on SeNPs significantly ameliorated testosterone, LH, FSH, PCNA and caspase-3 levels in the testis and DA, 5-HT, NE and BDNF in brains. Although the contents of MDA, NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB and Bax decreased significantly in both. glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and Bcl-2 levels were significantly improved in both organs. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that treatment with aqueous leek extract loaded on SeNPs may offer promising prospects for the advancement of anti-inflammation activity against testis injury and also have a very key role in neurobehavioral alterations as a result of mercury toxicity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Mumtaz
- Department of Biology, Collage of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Bahaa M Farag
- Molecular Biotechnology Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mennatullah A Farahat
- Molecular Biotechnology Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Farouk
- Molecular Biotechnology Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moataz Y Aarif
- Molecular Biotechnology Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Eltresy
- Molecular Biotechnology Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Menna H Amin
- Biochemistry Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola A Habotta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lina M Alneghery
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Alawam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A Almuqri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Aleissa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M Alhudhaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam Al-Olayan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shimaa S Ramadan
- Biochemistry Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lou J, Zhou Q, Lyu X, Cen X, Liu C, Yan Z, Li Y, Tang H, Liu Q, Ding J, Lu Y, Huang H, Xie H, Zhao Y. Discovery of a Covalent Inhibitor That Overcame Resistance to Venetoclax in AML Cells Overexpressing BFL-1. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10795-10830. [PMID: 38913996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Clinical and biological studies have shown that overexpression of BFL-1 is one contributing factor to venetoclax resistance. The resistance might be overcome by a potent BFL-1 inhibitor, but such an inhibitor is rare. In this study, we show that 56, featuring an acrylamide moiety, inhibited the BFL-1/BID interaction with a Ki value of 105 nM. More interestingly, 56 formed an irreversible conjugation adduct at the C55 residue of BFL-1. 56 was a selective BFL-1 inhibitor, and its MCL-1 binding affinity was 10-fold weaker, while it did not bind BCL-2 and BCL-xL. Mechanistic studies showed that 56 overcame venetoclax resistance in isogenic AML cell lines MOLM-13-OE and MV4-11-OE, which both overexpressed BFL-1. More importantly, 56 and venetoclax combination promoted stronger apoptosis induction than either single agent. Collectively, our data show that 56 overcame resistance to venetoclax in AML cells overexpressing BFL-1. These attributes make 56 a promising candidate for future optimization.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Sulfonamides/chemistry
- Sulfonamides/chemical synthesis
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/chemistry
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/metabolism
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Drug Discovery
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd. Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd. Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xilin Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd. Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyi Cen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd. Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziqin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd. Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd. Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haotian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd. Shanghai 201203, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Qiupei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd. Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd. Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ye Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd. Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - He Huang
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd. Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd. Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Wang K, Nguyen T, Gao Y, Guo R, Fan C, Liao H, Li J, Chai J, Xu X, Gong Y, Chen X. Androcin 18-1, a novel scorpion-venom peptide, shows a potent antitumor activity against human U87 cells via inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 170:104137. [PMID: 38759703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Scorpion venom is a potent natural source for antitumor drug development due to the multiple action modes of anticancer components. Although the sequence of Androcin 18-1 has been identified from the transcriptome profile of the scorpion venom Androctonus bicolor, its bioactivity remains unclear. In this study, we described the antitumor mechanism whereby Androcin 18-1 inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis by inducing cell membrane disruption, ROS accumulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in human U87 glioblastoma cells. Moreover, Androcin 18-1 could suppress cell migration via the mechanisms associated with cytoskeleton disorganization and MMPs/TIMPs expression regulation. The discovery of this work highlights the potential application of Androcin 18-1 in drug development for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tienthanh Nguyen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiyin Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaofan Fan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Chai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuxin Gong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
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D’Amico M, De Amicis F. Challenges of Regulated Cell Death: Implications for Therapy Resistance in Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:1083. [PMID: 38994937 PMCID: PMC11240625 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death, a regulatory form of cell demise, has been extensively studied in multicellular organisms. It plays a pivotal role in maintaining organismal homeostasis under normal and pathological conditions. Although alterations in various regulated cell death modes are hallmark features of tumorigenesis, they can have divergent effects on cancer cells. Consequently, there is a growing interest in targeting these mechanisms using small-molecule compounds for therapeutic purposes, with substantial progress observed across various human cancers. This review focuses on summarizing key signaling pathways associated with apoptotic and autophagy-dependent cell death. Additionally, it explores crucial pathways related to other regulated cell death modes in the context of cancer. The discussion delves into the current understanding of these processes and their implications in cancer treatment, aiming to illuminate novel strategies to combat therapy resistance and enhance overall cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D’Amico
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Qian Z, Cui F, Mao Z, Li Z, Yi X, Zhou J, Cao J, Li X. LINC-p21 Regulates Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10850-1. [PMID: 38864965 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism and assess the biological role of long intergenic non-coding RNA (LINCRNA)-p21 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). LINC-p21 and miR-335-3p expression levels were evaluated in blood from T2DM patients, healthy individuals, and mouse islet β-cell line MIN6 cells grown in a high glucose environment. Apoptosis-related proteins, iNOS, and IGF-1 were detected in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics was used to predict that miR-335-3p had complementary binding sites to IGF-1, and a dual-luciferase reporter confirmed the targeting link between LINC-p21 and miR-335-3p. LINC-p21 was highly expressed in the T2DM serum and cells, and LINC-p21 was significantly associated with T2DM prognosis. In vitro and in vivo dysfunction of β-cells was reduced by LINC-p21 knockdown. MiR-335-3p and IGF-1 may be potential targets of LINC-p21 and miR-335-3p, respectively, after the prediction of the target of LINC-p21 was verified by dual-luciferase assay. Anti-miR-335-3p made LINC-p21 knockdown function again; however, interference of IGF-1 mRNA restored the function of LINC-p21. The miR-335-3p/IGF-1 axis may have a role in the functional protection of pancreatic β-cells by LINC-p21 silencing, boosting insulin production, and slowing the course of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengkun Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Science and Technology (The First People's Hospital of Wuhu), Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
| | - Fan Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Science and Technology (The First People's Hospital of Wuhu), Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Zheng Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Science and Technology (The First People's Hospital of Wuhu), Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Science and Technology (The First People's Hospital of Wuhu), Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xiayu Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Science and Technology (The First People's Hospital of Wuhu), Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Science and Technology (The First People's Hospital of Wuhu), Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Jinjin Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Science and Technology (The First People's Hospital of Wuhu), Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Science and Technology (The First People's Hospital of Wuhu), Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
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Vu A, Glassman I, Campbell G, Yeganyan S, Nguyen J, Shin A, Venketaraman V. Host Cell Death and Modulation of Immune Response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6255. [PMID: 38892443 PMCID: PMC11172987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), a prevalent infectious disease affecting populations worldwide. A classic trait of TB pathology is the formation of granulomas, which wall off the pathogen, via the innate and adaptive immune systems. Some key players involved include tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), foamy macrophages, type I interferons (IFNs), and reactive oxygen species, which may also show overlap with cell death pathways. Additionally, host cell death is a primary method for combating and controlling Mtb within the body, a process which is influenced by both host and bacterial factors. These cell death modalities have distinct molecular mechanisms and pathways. Programmed cell death (PCD), encompassing apoptosis and autophagy, typically confers a protective response against Mtb by containing the bacteria within dead macrophages, facilitating their phagocytosis by uninfected or neighboring cells, whereas necrotic cell death benefits the pathogen, leading to the release of bacteria extracellularly. Apoptosis is triggered via intrinsic and extrinsic caspase-dependent pathways as well as caspase-independent pathways. Necrosis is induced via various pathways, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Given the pivotal role of host cell death pathways in host defense against Mtb, therapeutic agents targeting cell death signaling have been investigated for TB treatment. This review provides an overview of the diverse mechanisms underlying Mtb-induced host cell death, examining their implications for host immunity. Furthermore, it discusses the potential of targeting host cell death pathways as therapeutic and preventive strategies against Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (G.C.); (A.S.)
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Alford D, Petković I. Prognostic Significance of Bcl-2 Expression in Non-germinal Center B-cell-Like Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. Cureus 2024; 16:e62031. [PMID: 38989351 PMCID: PMC11234070 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are a group of malignant neoplasms with extensive clinical and molecular heterogeneity. Several key genetic aberrations have been identified, such as those involving the MYC, BCL6, and BCL2 genes. Prior studies on the prognostic significance of Bcl-2 protein expression in DLBCL have been contradictory, with some suggesting it has an adverse effect, while others have shown no such association. Bcl-2 is known to be more highly expressed in the non-germinal center B-cell-like (non-GCB) subtype compared to germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) DLBCL. Non-GCB status is associated with a less favorable prognosis. This study aimed to investigate whether the expression of Bcl-2 protein in non-GCB DLBCL influences response to treatment, progression-free survival, or overall survival. METHODS In this retrospective study, we investigated whether there was a difference in the clinical outcomes of non-GCB DLBCL cases (n = 97) that were confirmed by immunochemistry to demonstrate high levels of Bcl-2 protein expression (>50% neoplastic cells stained) when compared to those who were deemed negative based on this criterion. Response to rituximab-based induction immunochemotherapy, five-year progression-free survival, and five-year overall survival were assessed. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in response to treatment, five-year progression-free survival, or five-year overall survival between the patients who were positive for Bcl-2 (n = 70) compared to those who were considered Bcl-2 negative (n = 27). CONCLUSION High levels of Bcl-2 protein expression do not appear to be of prognostic significance in non-GCB DLBCL and therefore Bcl-2 may not be a key therapeutic target in the treatment and improvement of clinical outcome in such cases.
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Darwish DG, El-Sherief HAM, Abdel-Aziz SA, Abuo-Rahma GEDA. A decade's overview of 2-aminothiophenes and their fused analogs as promising anticancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300758. [PMID: 38442316 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decades, cancer has been a challenging domain for medicinal chemists as it is an international health concern. In association, small molecules such as 2-aminothiophenes and their derivatives showed significant antitumor activity through variable modes of action. Therefore, this article aims to review the advances regarding these core scaffolds over the past 10 years, where 2-aminothiophenes and their fused analogs are classified and discussed according to their biological activity and mode of action, in the interest of boosting new design pathways for medicinal chemists to develop targeted antitumor candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia G Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hany A M El-Sherief
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Minia, Egypt
| | - Salah A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Minia, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gamal El-Din A Abuo-Rahma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Minia, Egypt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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11
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Scott-McKean JJ, Matsuyama M, Guo CW, Ni L, Sassouni B, Kurup S, Nickells R, Matsuyama S. Cytoprotective Small Compound M109S Attenuated Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration Induced by Optic Nerve Crush in Mice. Cells 2024; 13:911. [PMID: 38891043 PMCID: PMC11172299 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BAX plays an essential role in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death induced by optic nerve injury. Recently, we developed M109S, an orally bioactive and cytoprotective small compound (CPSC) that inhibits BAX-mediated cell death. We examined whether M109S can protect RGC from optic nerve crush (ONC)-induced apoptosis. M109S was administered starting 5 h after ONC for 7 days. M109S was orally administered in two groups (5 mg/kg twice a day or 7.5 mg/kg once a day). The retina was stained with anti-BRN3A and cleaved Caspase-3 (active Caspase-3) that are the markers of RGC and apoptotic cells, respectively. ONC decreased the number of BRN3A-positive RGC and increased the number of active Caspase-3-expressing apoptotic cells. In ONC-treated retina, there were cells that were double stained with anti-BRN3A and ant-cleaved Caspase-3, indicating that apoptosis in BRN3A-positive RGCs occurred. M109S inhibited the decrease of BRN3A-positive cells whereas it inhibited the increase of active Caspase-3-positive cells in the retina of ONC-treated mice, suggesting that M109S inhibited apoptosis in RGCs. M109S did not induce detectable histological damage to the lungs or kidneys in mice, suggesting that M109S did not show toxicities in the lung or kidneys when the therapeutic dose was used. The present study suggests that M109S is effective in rescuing damaged RGCs. Since M109S is an orally bioactive small compound, M109S may become the basis for a portable patient-friendly medicine that can be used to prevent blindness by rescuing damaged optic nerve cells from death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah J. Scott-McKean
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.J.S.-M.); (C.W.G.); (B.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Mieko Matsuyama
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.J.S.-M.); (C.W.G.); (B.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Charles W. Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.J.S.-M.); (C.W.G.); (B.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Lin Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.J.S.-M.); (C.W.G.); (B.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Brandon Sassouni
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.J.S.-M.); (C.W.G.); (B.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Shree Kurup
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.J.S.-M.); (C.W.G.); (B.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Robert Nickells
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Wisconsin (Madison), Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Shigemi Matsuyama
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.J.S.-M.); (C.W.G.); (B.S.); (S.K.)
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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12
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Bisht K, Verma VK, Abdullah Z, Prajapati V, Rajiv N, Bhatia J, Ray R, Nag TC, Arya DS. Arglabin: A mediator of inflammasome modulated and independent myocardial injury (PARA-AMI study). Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176465. [PMID: 38479722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arglabin is a plant alkaloid (sesquiterpene lactone) that is used as an anticancer drug. It has potential anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic effects. PURPOSE Arglabin has drawn particular attention because of its therapeutic effects as an anti-inflammatory agent in multiple diseases. Since arglabin inhibits Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, concerns for cardiotoxic effects are valid. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of arglabin on the myocardium. STUDY DESIGN This study was designed to evaluate the effect of arglabin on the myocardium in an experimental model of myocardial necrosis in rats. Different doses of arglabin (2.5, 5, and 10 μg/kg) were investigated as pre-treatment for 21 days in the isoproterenol (ISO) model of myocardial necrosis groups and per se groups. METHODS On the 22nd day, hemodynamic, histopathological, electron microscopy, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory mediators, apoptotic markers, inflammasome mediators, and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the effects of arglabin. RESULTS Arglabin pre-treatment showed improvement in hemodynamic parameters and histopathological findings at low doses in isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis model of rats. Arglabin administration altered myocardial structure and modulated myocardial function via activation of NFκB/MAPK pathway that led to myocardial injury with an increase in dose. CONCLUSION Arglabin imparted partial cardio-protection via an inflammasome-dependent pathway and mediated injury through the inflammasome-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Zia Abdullah
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaishali Prajapati
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Narang Rajiv
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagriti Bhatia
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruma Ray
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tapas Chandra Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharamvir Singh Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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13
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Saha P, Ajgaonkar S, Maniar D, Sahare S, Mehta D, Nair S. Current insights into transcriptional role(s) for the nutraceutical Withania somnifera in inflammation and aging. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1370951. [PMID: 38765810 PMCID: PMC11099240 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1370951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The health-beneficial effects of nutraceuticals in various diseases have received enhanced attention in recent years. Aging is a continuous process wherein physiological activity of an individual declines over time and is characterized by various indefinite hallmarks which contribute toward aging-related comorbidities in an individual which include many neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac problems, diabetes, bone-degeneration, and cancer. Cellular senescence is a homeostatic biological process that has an important function in driving aging. Currently, a growing body of evidence substantiates the connection between epigenetic modifications and the aging process, along with aging-related diseases. These modifications are now being recognized as promising targets for emerging therapeutic interventions. Considering that almost all the biological processes are modulated by RNAs, numerous RNA-binding proteins have been found to be linked to aging and age-related complexities. Currently, studies have shed light on the ability of the nutraceutical Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) to influence RNA expression, stability, and processing, offering insights into its mechanisms of action. By targeting RNA-related pathways, Withania somnifera may exhibit promising effects in ameliorating age-associated molecular changes, which include modifications in gene expression and signaling networks. This review summarizes the potential role of Withania somnifera as a nutraceutical in modulating RNA-level changes associated with aging, encompassing both in vitro and in vivo studies. Taken together, the putative role(s) of Withania in modulation of key RNAs will provide insights into understanding the aging process and facilitate the development of various preventive and therapeutic strategies employing nutraceuticals for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praful Saha
- PhytoVeda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Saiprasad Ajgaonkar
- PhytoVeda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Dishant Maniar
- PhytoVeda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Simran Sahare
- PhytoVeda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Dilip Mehta
- PhytoVeda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Sujit Nair
- PhytoVeda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
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14
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Tripathi S, Mathaiyan J, Kayal S, Nachiappa Ganesh R. The Role of Circulating MicroRNAs in the Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer in the Indian Population. Cureus 2024; 16:e59553. [PMID: 38832155 PMCID: PMC11144582 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play an important role in cancer cell proliferation, susceptibility of cancer cells to chemotherapy, and patient survival. Identifying miRNAs that can predict response to chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), the most common variant, can help to choose appropriate drug regimens to suit the epigenetic profile of individual patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of the differentially expressed miRNAs identified by next-generation sequencing from a pilot study involving cases and controls, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with LABC during the course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and determine their role in response to chemotherapy. METHODS This study included 30 newly diagnosed LABC patients. Peripheral blood from every participant was collected before the start of chemotherapy, at the end of the third cycle, and at the end of the seventh cycle of NAC. Based on the results of a pilot study in a similar population with suitable controls, four differentially expressed miRNAs namely miR-24-2, miR-192-5p, miR-3609, and miR-664b-3p were considered to be validated in this study. The expression of these four miRNAs was examined by qRT-PCR, and their association with response to chemotherapy was analyzed. RESULT A significant change in the expression of miR-192-5p was found in responders (p = 0.001) over a period of seven cycles and the difference between the expression of miR-24-2 from baseline to the seventh cycle of NAC was higher in responders while compared to the non-responders (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION miR-192-5p and miR-24-2 were identified as predictive biomarkers for response to NAC in south Indian patients with LABC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Jayanthi Mathaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Smita Kayal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
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15
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Sovilj D, Kelemen CD, Dvorakova S, Zobalova R, Raabova H, Kriska J, Hermanova Z, Knotek T, Anderova M, Klener P, Filimonenko V, Neuzil J, Andera L. Cell-specific modulation of mitochondrial respiration and metabolism by the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bax and Bak. Apoptosis 2024; 29:424-438. [PMID: 38001340 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Proteins from the Bcl-2 family play an essential role in the regulation of apoptosis. However, they also possess cell death-unrelated activities that are less well understood. This prompted us to study apoptosis-unrelated activities of the Bax and Bak, pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family. We prepared Bax/Bak-deficient human cancer cells of different origin and found that while respiration in the glioblastoma U87 Bax/Bak-deficient cells was greatly enhanced, respiration of Bax/Bak-deficient B lymphoma HBL-2 cells was slightly suppressed. Bax/Bak-deficient U87 cells also proliferated faster in culture, formed tumours more rapidly in mice, and showed modulation of metabolism with a considerably increased NAD+/NADH ratio. Follow-up analyses documented increased/decreased expression of mitochondria-encoded subunits of respiratory complexes and stabilization/destabilization of the mitochondrial transcription elongation factor TEFM in Bax/Bak-deficient U87 and HBL-2 cells, respectively. TEFM downregulation using shRNAs attenuated mitochondrial respiration in Bax/Bak-deficient U87 as well as in parental HBL-2 cells. We propose that (post)translational regulation of TEFM levels in Bax/Bak-deficient cells modulates levels of subunits of mitochondrial respiratory complexes that, in turn, contribute to respiration and the accompanying changes in metabolism and proliferation in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Sovilj
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cristina Daniela Kelemen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Dvorakova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Zobalova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Raabova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kriska
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Hermanova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Knotek
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Anderova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klener
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlada Filimonenko
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Ladislav Andera
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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16
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Guo Z, Guo L. Abnormal activation of RFC3, A YAP1/TEAD downstream target, promotes gastric cancer progression. Int J Clin Oncol 2024; 29:442-455. [PMID: 38383698 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-024-02478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor with a high mortality rate, and thus, it is necessary to explore molecular mechanisms underlying its progression. While replication factor C subunit 3 (RFC3) has been demonstrated to function as an oncogene in many cancers, its role in GC remains unclear. METHODS Tumor tissues were collected from clinical GC patients, and the expression of RFC3 was analyzed. NCI-N87 and HGC-27 cells were infected with lentivirus sh-RFC3 to knock down RFC3 expression. RFC3 expression levels were determined, in addition to cell biological behaviors both in vitro and in vivo. The relationship between RFC3 and the YAP1/TEAD signaling pathway was detected by dual luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS RFC3 was upregulated in GC tumor tissues. RFC3 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis of GC cells, and suppressed cell migration and invasion. Moreover, depleted RFC3 suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, the YAP1/TEAD axis activated RFC3 expression transcriptionally by binding to the RFC3 promoter. CONCLUSIONS RFC3 was transcriptional activated by the YAP1/TEAD signaling pathway, thus promoting GC progression. RFC3 may be a promising therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Guo
- Department of Operating Room, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Sadrolashrafi K, Guo L, Kikuchi R, Hao A, Yamamoto RK, Tolson HC, Bilimoria SN, Yee DK, Armstrong AW. An OX-Tra'Ordinary Tale: The Role of OX40 and OX40L in Atopic Dermatitis. Cells 2024; 13:587. [PMID: 38607026 PMCID: PMC11011471 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane glycoprotein OX40 receptor (OX40) and its ligand, OX40L, are instrumental modulators of the adaptive immune response in humans. OX40 functions as a costimulatory molecule that promotes T cell activation, differentiation, and survival through ligation with OX40L. T cells play an integral role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis (AD). In particular, T helper 2 (TH2) cells strongly contribute to AD pathogenesis via the production of cytokines associated with type 2 inflammation (e.g., IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-31) that lead to skin barrier dysfunction and pruritus. The OX40-OX40L interaction also promotes the activation and proliferation of other T helper cell populations (e.g., TH1, TH22, and TH17), and AD patients have demonstrated higher levels of OX40 expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells than healthy controls. As such, the OX40-OX40L pathway is a potential target for AD treatment. Novel therapies targeting the OX40 pathway are currently in development, several of which have demonstrated promising safety and efficacy results in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. Herein, we review the function of OX40 and the OX40-OX40L signaling pathway, their role in AD pathogenesis, and emerging therapies targeting OX40-OX40L that may offer insights into the future of AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - April W. Armstrong
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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18
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Ambegaonkar AA, Holla P, Sohn H, George R, Tran TM, Pierce SK. Isotype switching in human memory B cells sets intrinsic antigen-affinity thresholds that dictate antigen-driven fates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313672121. [PMID: 38502693 PMCID: PMC10990115 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313672121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) play a critical role in protection against homologous and variant pathogen challenge by either differentiating to plasma cells (PCs) or to germinal center (GC) B cells. The human MBC compartment contains both switched IgG+ and unswitched IgM+ MBCs; however, whether these MBC subpopulations are equivalent in their response to B cell receptor cross-linking and their resulting fates is incompletely understood. Here, we show that IgG+ and IgM+ MBCs can be distinguished based on their response to κ-specific monoclonal antibodies of differing affinities. IgG+ MBCs responded only to high-affinity anti-κ and differentiated almost exclusively toward PC fates. In contrast, IgM+ MBCs were eliminated by apoptosis by high-affinity anti-κ but responded to low-affinity anti-κ by differentiating toward GC B cell fates. These results suggest that IgG+ and IgM+ MBCs may play distinct yet complementary roles in response to pathogen challenge ensuring the immediate production of high-affinity antibodies to homologous and closely related challenges and the generation of variant-specific MBCs through GC reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit A. Ambegaonkar
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Prasida Holla
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Haewon Sohn
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Rachel George
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Tuan M. Tran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202
| | - Susan K. Pierce
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
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Niu P, Xu H, Fan M. Discovery and optimization of (2-naphthylthio)acetic acid derivative as selective Bfl-1 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 101:129658. [PMID: 38373466 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein family suppresses cell death by deploying a surface groove to capture the critical BH3 α-helix of pro-apoptotic members. Bfl-1 is a relatively understudied member of this family, though it has been implicated in the pathogenesis and chemoresistance of a variety of human cancers. Reported small molecular Bfl-1 inhibitors encountered the issue of either lack in potency or poor selectivity against its most homologous member Mcl-1. In order to tackle this issue, compound library was screened and a hit compound UMI-77 was identified. We modified its chemical structure to remove the characteristic of PAINS (pan-assay interference compounds), demonstrated the real binding affinity and achieved selectivity against Mcl-1 under the guidance of computational modeling. After optimization 15 was obtained as leading compound to block Bfl-1/BIM interaction in vitro with more than 10-fold selectivity over Mcl-1. We believe 15 is of great value for the exploration of Bfl-1 biological function and its potential as therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Niu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine (AMT), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Huiqi Xu
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Mengyang Fan
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
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20
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Margiana R, Gupta R, Al-Jewari WM, Hjazi A, Alsaab HO, Mustafa YF, Singh R, Thaibt R, Alkhayyat S, Ibrahim AJ. Evaluation of telomere length, reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis in spermatozoa of patients with oligospermia. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3935. [PMID: 38379260 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
50% of cases of infertility are caused by male factor, which acquired or congenital problems may bring on. Male infertility can be caused by oligospermia and asthenozoospermia, which are common. Since the same mutations that cause azoospermia in some people also cause oligozoospermia in others, oligozoospermia may be thought of as a less severe form of azoospermia. Studies have demonstrated telomere length, catalase activity, super oxide dismutase (SOD), and DNA fragmentation can be influential factors for male infertility. The amount of apoptosis, oxidative stress factors, telomere length, and DNA fragmentation were some aspects of healthy sperm that we chose to look into in this study and compare to oligospermia individuals. Oligospermia patients (n = 24) and fertile men (n = 27) semen samples were collected, and the apoptosis rate of sperms in both groups was analyzed (Flow cytometry). Also, gene expression of apoptotic and antiapoptotic markers and telomere length were examined (real-time polymerase chain reaction). The sperm DNA fragmentation kit was used to determine DNA fragmentation and to evaluate catalase and SOD activity; the specific kits and methods were utilized. Higher expression levels of caspase3 (p = .0042), caspase8 (p = .0145), caspase9 (p = .0275), and BAX (p = .0202) mRNA were observed in patients who had oligospermia. In contrast, lower mRNA expression of BCL-2 (p = .0009) was detected in this group. In addition, telomere length was decreased in the oligospermia group (p < .0001) compared to the health group. Moreover, the frequency of apoptosis is induced in patients (p = .0026). The catalase activity is low (p = .0008), but the SOD activity is high (p = .0015) in the patient group. As a result of our findings, we may list the sperm cell apoptosis rate, telomere length, the degree of sperm DNA fragmentation, and lastly, the measurement of significant and efficient oxidative stress markers like SOD and catalase in semen plasma among the principal diagnostic characteristics for oligospermia. Future studies will be better able to treat oligospermia by showing whether these indicators are rising or falling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Andrology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Bharthia, India
| | | | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rajesh Singh
- Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ruiscul Thaibt
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Safa Alkhayyat
- College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
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Abbade Y, Kisla MM, Hassan MAK, Celik I, Dogan TS, Mutlu P, Ates-Alagoz Z. Synthesis, Anticancer Activity, and In Silico Modeling of Alkylsulfonyl Benzimidazole Derivatives: Unveiling Potent Bcl-2 Inhibitors for Breast Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9547-9563. [PMID: 38434899 PMCID: PMC10905736 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
A series of alkylsulfonyl 1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for anticancer activity against human breast cancer cells, MCF-7 in vitro. The cytotoxic potential was determined using the xCELLigence real-time cell analysis, and expression levels of genes related to microtubule organization, tumor suppression, apoptosis, cell cycle, and proliferation were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Molecular docking against Bcl-2 was carried out using AutoDock Vina, while ADME studies were performed to predict the physicochemical and drug-likeness properties of the synthesized compounds. The results revealed that compounds 23 and 27 were the most potent cytotoxic derivatives against MCF-7 cells. Gene expression analysis showed that BCL-2 was the most prominent gene studied. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with compounds 23 and 27 resulted in significant downregulation of the BCL-2 gene, with fold changes of 128 and 256, respectively. Docking analysis predicted a strong interaction between the compounds and the target protein. Interestingly, all of the compounds exhibit a higher binding affinity toward Bcl-2 than the standard drug (compound 27 vina score = -9.6 kcal/mol, vincristine = -6.7 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics simulations of compounds 23 and 27 showed a permanent stabilization in the binding site of Bcl-2 for 200 ns. Based on Lipinski and Veber's filters, all synthesized compounds displayed drug-like characteristics. These findings suggest that compounds 23 and 27 were the most promising cytotoxic compounds and downregulated the expression of the BCL-2 gene. These derivatives could be further explored as potential candidates for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemna Abbade
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
- Graduate
School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Murat Kisla
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
- Graduate
School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mohammed Al-Kassim Hassan
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
- Graduate
School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Bayero University, P.M.B 3011 Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Tugba Somay Dogan
- Central
Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology R&D Center, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Mutlu
- Department
of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, 06135 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ates-Alagoz
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Ippolitov D, Lin YH, Spence J, Glogowska A, Thanasupawat T, Beiko J, Del Bigio MR, Xu X, Wang A, Calvo R, Kapoor A, Marugan JJ, Henderson MJ, Klonisch T, Hombach-Klonisch S. Overcoming brain-derived therapeutic resistance in HER2+ breast cancer brain metastasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.19.581073. [PMID: 38529509 PMCID: PMC10962705 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.19.581073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Brain metastasis of HER2+ breast cancer occurs in about 50% of all women with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer and confers poor prognosis for patients. Despite effective HER2-targeted treatments of peripheral HER2+ breast cancer with Trastuzumab +/-HER2 inhibitors, limited brain permeability renders these treatments inefficient for HER2+ breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM). The scarcity of suitable patient-derived in-vivo models for HER2+ BCBM has compromised the study of molecular mechanisms that promote growth and therapeutic resistance in brain metastasis. We have generated and characterized new HER2+ BCBM cells (BCBM94) isolated from a patient HER2+ brain metastasis. Repeated hematogenic xenografting of BCBM94 consistently generated BCBM in mice. The clinically used receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (RTKi) Lapatinib blocked phosphorylation of all ErbB1-4 receptors and induced the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in BCBM94. Neuregulin-1 (NRG1), a ligand for ErbB3 and ErbB4 that is abundantly expressed in the brain, was able to rescue Lapatinib-induced apoptosis and clonogenic ability in BCBM94 and in HER2+ BT474. ErbB3 was essential to mediate the NRG1-induced survival pathway that involved PI3K-AKT signalling and the phosphorylation of BAD at serine 136 to prevent apoptosis. High throughput RTKi screening identified the brain penetrable Poziotinib as highly potent compound to reduce cell viability in HER2+ BCBM in the presence of NRG1. Successful in-vivo ablation of BCBM94- and BT474-derived HER2+ brain tumors was achieved upon two weeks of treatment with Poziotinib. MRI revealed BCBM remission upon poziotinib, but not with Lapatinib treatment. In conclusion, we have established a new patient-derived HER2+ BCBM in-vivo model and identified Poziotinib as highly efficacious RTKi with excellent brain penetrability that abrogated HER2+ BCBM brain tumors in our mouse models.
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You Q, Li R, Yao J, Zhang YC, Sui X, Xiao CC, Zhang JB, Xiao JQ, Chen HT, Li H, Zhang J, Zheng J, Yang Y. Insights into lenvatinib resistance: mechanisms, potential biomarkers, and strategies to enhance sensitivity. Med Oncol 2024; 41:75. [PMID: 38381181 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Lenvatinib is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor capable of promoting apoptosis, suppressing angiogenesis, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, and modulating the immune response. In multiple cancer types, lenvatinib has presented manageable safety and is currently approved as an effective first-line therapy. However, with the gradual increase in lenvatinib application, the inevitable progression of resistance to lenvatinib is becoming more prevalent. A series of recent researches have reported the mechanisms underlying the development of lenvatinib resistance in tumor therapy, which are related to the regulation of cell death or proliferation, histological transformation, metabolism, transport processes, and epigenetics. In this review, we aim to outline recent discoveries achieved in terms of the mechanisms and potential predictive biomarkers of lenvatinib resistance as well as to summarize untapped approaches available for improving the therapeutic efficacy of lenvatinib in patients with various types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang You
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Rong Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ying-Cai Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xin Sui
- Surgical ICU of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Cui-Cui Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jie-Bin Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jia-Qi Xiao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hai-Tian Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Gupta P, Singh S, Rai N, Verma A, Tiwari H, Kamble SC, Gautam HK, Gautam V. Unveiling the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative potential of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles mediated by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4074-4088. [PMID: 38292267 PMCID: PMC10825743 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06145k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are a putative source of bioactive metabolites that have found significant applications in nanomedicine due to their metabolic versatility. In the present study, an aqueous extract of the fungal endophyte, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides associated with a medicinal plant Oroxylum indicum, has been used for the fabrication of green silver nanoparticles (CgAgNPs) and further evaluated their cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activity. Bioanalytical techniques including UV-Vis spectral analysis revealed a sharp band at 435 nm and functional molecules from the aqueous extract involved in the synthesis of CgAgNPs were evidenced through FTIR. Further, the crystalline nature of CgAgNPs was determined through XRD analysis and microscopy techniques including AFM, TEM and FESEM demonstrated the spherical shape of CgAgNPs exhibiting a crystalline hexagonal lattice and the size was found to be in the range of 9-29 nm. The significant cytotoxic potential of CgAgNPs was observed against breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 with IC50 values of 18.398 ± 0.376 and 38.587 ± 1.828 μg mL-1, respectively. The biochemical study revealed that the treatment of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells with CgAgNPs reduces glucose uptake, suppresses cell proliferation, and enhances LDH release, indicating reduced cell viability and progression. Moreover, our research revealed differential expression of genes associated with apoptosis, cell cycle inhibition and metastasis suppression, evidencing anti-proliferative activity of CgAgNPs. The main objective of the present study is to harness anti-breast cancer activity of novel biogenic nanoparticles synthesized using the aqueous extract of O. indicum associated C. gloeosporioides and study the underlying mechanistic pathway exerted by these mycogenic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 India +918860182113
| | - Swati Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 India +918860182113
| | - Nilesh Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 India +918860182113
| | - Ashish Verma
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 India +918860182113
| | - Harshita Tiwari
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 India +918860182113
| | - Swapnil C Kamble
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Hemant Kumar Gautam
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Sukhdev Vihar New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 India +918860182113
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25
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Wang S, Cheng L. The role of apoptosis in spinal cord injury: a bibliometric analysis from 1994 to 2023. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1334092. [PMID: 38293650 PMCID: PMC10825042 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1334092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Apoptosis after spinal cord injury (SCI) plays a pivotal role in the secondary injury mechanisms, which cause the ultimate neurologic insults. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of apoptosis in SCI allows for improved glial and neuronal survival via the administrations of anti-apoptotic biomarkers. The knowledge structure, development trends, and research hotspots of apoptosis and SCI have not yet been systematically investigated. Methods Articles and reviews on apoptosis and SCI, published from 1st January 1994 to 1st Oct 2023, were retrieved from the Web of Science™. Bibliometrix in R was used to evaluate annual publications, countries, affiliations, authors, sources, documents, key words, and hot topics. Results A total of 3,359 publications in accordance with the criterions were obtained, which exhibited an ascending trend in annual publications. The most productive countries were the USA and China. Journal of Neurotrauma was the most impactive journal; Wenzhou Medical University was the most prolific affiliation; Cuzzocrea S was the most productive and influential author. "Apoptosis," "spinal-cord-injury," "expression," "activation," and "functional recovery" were the most frequent key words. Additionally, "transplantation," "mesenchymal stemness-cells," "therapies," "activation," "regeneration," "repair," "autophagy," "exosomes," "nlrp3 inflammasome," "neuroinflammation," and "knockdown" were the latest emerging key words, which may inform the hottest themes. Conclusions Apoptosis after SCI may cause the ultimate neurological damages. Development of novel treatments for secondary SCI mainly depends on a better understanding of apoptosis-related mechanisms in molecular and cellular levels. Such therapeutic interventions involve the application of anti-apoptotic agents, free radical scavengers, as well as anti-inflammatory drugs, which can be targeted to inhibit core events in cellular and molecular injury cascades pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiao Wang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Spinal and Spinal Cord Injury, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ahsan N, Shariq M, Surolia A, Raj R, Khan MF, Kumar P. Multipronged regulation of autophagy and apoptosis: emerging role of TRIM proteins. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:13. [PMID: 38225560 PMCID: PMC10790450 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
TRIM proteins are characterized by their conserved N-terminal RING, B-box, and coiled-coil domains. These proteins are efficient regulators of autophagy, apoptosis, and innate immune responses and confer immunity against viruses and bacteria. TRIMs function as receptors or scaffold proteins that target substrates for autophagy-mediated degradation. Most TRIMs interact with the BECN1-ULK1 complex to form TRIMosomes, thereby efficiently targeting substrates to autophagosomes. They regulate the functions of ATG proteins through physical interactions or ubiquitination. TRIMs affect the lipidation of MAP1LC3B1 to form MAP1LC3B2, which is a prerequisite for phagophore and autophagosome formation. In addition, they regulate MTOR kinase and TFEB, thereby regulating the expression of ATG genes. TRIM proteins are efficient regulators of apoptosis and are crucial for regulating cell proliferation and tumor formation. Many TRIM proteins regulate intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis via the cell surface receptors TGFBR2, TNFRSF1A, and FAS. Mitochondria modulate the anti- and proapoptotic functions of BCL2, BAX, BAK1, and CYCS. These proteins use a multipronged approach to regulate the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, culminating in coordinated activation or inhibition of the initiator and executor CASPs. Furthermore, TRIMs can have a dual effect in determining cell fate and are therefore crucial for cellular homeostasis. In this review, we discuss mechanistic insights into the role of TRIM proteins in regulating autophagy and apoptosis, which can be used to better understand cellular physiology. These findings can be used to develop therapeutic interventions to prevent or treat multiple genetic and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzhat Ahsan
- Quantlase Lab LLC, Unit 1-8, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Mohd Shariq
- Quantlase Lab LLC, Unit 1-8, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 460012, India.
| | - Reshmi Raj
- Quantlase Lab LLC, Unit 1-8, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Pramod Kumar
- Quantlase Lab LLC, Unit 1-8, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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27
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Kulyar MFEA, Mo Q, Yao W, Li Y, Nawaz S, Loon KS, Ahmed AE, Alsaegh AA, Al Syaad KM, Akhtar M, Bhutta ZA, Li J, Qi D. Modulation of apoptosis and Inflammasome activation in chondrocytes: co-regulatory role of Chlorogenic acid. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:2. [PMID: 38169388 PMCID: PMC10759508 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01377-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein regulates programmed cell death throughout the disease conditions by upholding apoptotic pathways. However, the mechanism by which it's expressed in chondrocytes still needs to be studied in chondrocyte-related disorders. Additionally, exploring the potential therapeutic role of Chlorogenic acid (CGA) in confluence with Bcl-2 modulation is of significant interest. METHODS In vivo and in vitro studies were performed according to our previous methodologies. The chondrocytes were cultured in specific growth media under standard conditions after expression verification of different microRNAs through high-throughput sequencing and verification of Bcl-2 involvement in tibial growth plates. The effect of Bcl-2 expression was investigated by transfecting chondrocytes with miR-460a, siRNA, and their negative controls alone or in combination with CGA. The RNA was extracted and subjected to a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assays were performed to visualize the intracellular localization of Bcl-2 and associated proteins related to apoptotic and inflammasome pathways. Moreover, apoptosis through flow cytometry was also performed to understand the modulation of concerning pathways. RESULTS The suppression of Bcl-2 induced higher apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to IL-1β maturation and affecting the inflammasome during chondrocyte proliferation. Conversely, overexpression attenuated the activation, as evidenced by reduced caspase activity and IL-1β maturation. In parallel, CGA successfully reduced siRNA-induced apoptosis by decreasing Cytochrome C (Cyto C) release from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, which in turn decreased Caspase-3 and Caspase-7 cleavage with Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). Furthermore, siBcl-2 transfection and CGA therapy increased chondrocyte proliferation and survival. The CGA also showed a promising approach to maintaining chondrocyte viability by inhibiting siRNA-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Targeting Bcl-2-mediated regulation might be a possible treatment for chondrocyte-related conditions. Moreover, these results add knowledge of the complicated processes underlying chondrocyte function and the pathophysiology of related diseases, highlighting the significance of target specific therapies. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam Kulyar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Quan Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangyuan Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kyein San Loon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman A Alsaegh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Al Syaad
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Desheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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28
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Mirzahosseini G, Ismael S, Salman M, Kumar S, Ishrat T. Genetic and Pharmacological Modulation of P75 Neurotrophin Receptor Attenuate Brain Damage After Ischemic Stroke in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:276-293. [PMID: 37606717 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03550-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The precursor nerve growth factor (ProNGF) and its receptor p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) are upregulated in several brain diseases, including ischemic stroke. The activation of p75NTR is associated with neuronal apoptosis and inflammation. Thus, we hypothesized that p75NTR modulation attenuates brain damage and improves functional outcomes after ischemic stroke. Two sets of experiments were performed. (1) Adult wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 J mice were subjected to intraluminal suture-middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to induce cerebral ischemia. Pharmacological inhibitor of p75NTR, LM11A-31 (50 mg/kg), or normal saline was administered intraperitoneally (IP) 1 h post-MCAO, and animals survived for 24 h. (2) Adult p75NTR heterozygous knockout (p75NTR+/-) and WT were subjected to photothrombotic (pMCAO) to induce ischemic stroke, and the animals survived for 72 h. The sensory-motor function of animals was measured using Catwalk XT. The brain samples were collected to assess infarction volume, edema, hemorrhagic transformation, neuroinflammation, and signaling pathway at 24 and 72 h after the stroke. The findings described that pharmacological inhibition and genetic knocking down of p75NTR reduce infarction size, edema, and hemorrhagic transformation following ischemic stroke. Additionally, p75NTR modulation significantly decreased several anti-apoptosis markers and improved sensory motor function compared to the WT mice following ischemic stroke. Our observations exhibit that the involvement of p75NTR in ischemic stroke and modulation of p75NTR could improve the outcome of ischemic stroke by increasing cell survival and enhancing motor performance. LM11A-31 has the potential to be a promising therapeutic agent for ischemic stroke. However, more evidence is needed to illuminate the efficacy of LM11A-31 in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnoush Mirzahosseini
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, TN, 38163, Memphis, USA
| | - Saifudeen Ismael
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, LA, 70112, New Orleans, USA
| | - Mohd Salman
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, TN, 38163, Memphis, USA
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, TN, 38163, Memphis, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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Sasai N, Tada S, Ohshiro J, Kogiso C, Shinozuka T. Regulation of progenitor cell survival by a novel chromatin remodeling factor during neural tube development. Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:89-100. [PMID: 38014908 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
During development, progenitor cell survival is essential for proper tissue functions, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we show that ERCC6L2, a member of the Snf2 family of helicase-like proteins, plays an essential role in the survival of developing chick neural cells. ERCC6L2 expression is induced by the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling molecule by a mechanism similar to that of the known Shh target genes Ptch1 and Gli1. ERCC6L2 blocks programmed cell death induced by Shh inhibition and this inhibition is independent of neural tube patterning. ERCC6L2 knockdown by siRNA resulted in the aberrant appearance of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, ERCC6L2 cooperates with the Shh signal and plays an essential role in the induction of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2. Taken together, ERCC6L2 acts as a key factor in ensuring the survival of neural progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Sasai
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Shogo Tada
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Jumi Ohshiro
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Chikara Kogiso
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Takuma Shinozuka
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
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Segura-Quezada LA, Hernández-Velázquez ED, Corrales-Escobosa AR, de León-Solis C, Solorio-Alvarado CR. Ningalins, Pyrrole-Bearing Metabolites Isolated from Didemnum spp. Synthesis and MDR-Reversion Activity in Cancer Therapy. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202300883. [PMID: 38010267 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) is one of the most frequent problems observed in the course of cancer chemotherapy. Cells under treatment, tend to develop survival mechanisms to drug-action thus generating drug-resistance. One of the most important mechanism to get it is the over expression of P-gp glycoprotein, which acts as an efflux-pump releasing the drug outside of the cancer cell. A strategy for a succesfull treatment consists in the co-administration of one compound that acts against P-gp and another which acts against the cell during chemotherapy. Ningalins are pyrrole-containing naturally occurring compounds isolated mainly from the marine tunicate Didemnum spp and also they are some of the top reversing agents in MDR treatment acting on P-gp. Considering the relevance displayed for some of these isolated alkaloids or their core as a drug for co-administration in cancer therapy, all the total synthesis described to date for the members of ningalins family are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Segura-Quezada
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato., Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., México
| | - Edson D Hernández-Velázquez
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato., Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., México
| | - Alma R Corrales-Escobosa
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato., Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., México
| | - Claudia de León-Solis
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Biológicas, Biomédicas y Biofísicas., Universidad Mariano Gálvez, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - César R Solorio-Alvarado
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato., Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., México
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Nandi S, Sikder R, Rapior S, Arnould S, Simal-Gandara J, Acharya K. A review for cancer treatment with mushroom metabolites through targeting mitochondrial signaling pathway: In vitro and in vivo evaluations, clinical studies and future prospects for mycomedicine. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105681. [PMID: 37743029 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to apoptosis stands as a roadblock to the successful pharmacological execution of anticancer drug effect. A comprehensive insight into apoptotic signaling pathways and an understanding of the mechanisms of apoptosis resistance are crucial to unveil new drug targets. At this juncture, researchers are heading towards natural sources in particular, mushroom as their potential drugs leads to being the reliable source of potent bioactive compounds. Given the continuous increase in cancer cases, the potent anticancer efficacy of mushrooms has inevitably become a fascinating object to researchers due to their higher safety margin and multitarget. This review aimed to collect and summarize all the available scientific data on mushrooms from their extracts to bioactive molecules in order to suggest their anticancer attributes via a mitochondrion -mediated intrinsic signaling mechanism. Compiled data revealed that bioactive components of mushrooms including polysaccharides, sterols and terpenoids as well as extracts prepared using 15 different solvents from 53 species could be effective in the supportive treatment of 20 various cancers. The underlying therapeutic mechanisms of the studied mushrooms are explored in this review through diverse and complementary investigations: in vitro assays, pre-clinical studies and clinical randomized controlled trials. The processes mainly involved were ROS production, mitochondrial membrane dysfunction, and action of caspase 3, caspase 9, XIAP, cIAP, p53, Bax, and Bcl-2. In summary, the study provides facts pertaining to the potential beneficial effect of mushroom extracts and their active compounds against various types of cancer and is shedding light on the underlying targeted signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Nandi
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, WB 700019, India
| | - Rimpa Sikder
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, WB 700019, India
| | - Sylvie Rapior
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Laboratory of Botany, Phytochemistry and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Arnould
- Centre for Integrative Biology, Molecular, Cellular & Developmental biology unit, CNRS UMR 5077, Université Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, WB 700019, India.
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Negm A, Al-Faiyz YS, Riyadh SM, Sayed AR. Synthesis, DPPH Radical Scavenging, Cytotoxic Activity, and Apoptosis Induction Efficacy of Novel Thiazoles and Bis-thiazoles. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:1081-1090. [PMID: 37936471 DOI: 10.2174/0115701794264504231017113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterocyclic materials-containing thiazoles exhibited incredible importance in pharmaceutical chemistry and drug design due to their extensive biological properties. METHODS Synthesis of thiazoles and bis-thiazoles from the reaction of 2-((6-Nitrobenzo[ d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide with hydrazonoyl chlorides in dioxane and in the existence of triethylamine as basic catalyst. The antioxidant, in vitro antiproliferative, and cytotoxicity efficacy of thiazoles and bis-thiazoles were measured. RESULTS In this work, novel series of 5-methyl-2-(2-(-(6-nitrobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methylene) hydrazinyl)-4-(aryldiazenyl)thiazoles (4a-f) were prepared via the reaction of hydrazonoyl chlorides 2a-f with 2-((6-nitrobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (1) in dioxane and employing triethylamine as basic catalyst. Following the same procedure, bisthiazoles (6, 8, and 10) have been synthesized by utilizing bis-hydrazonoyl chlorides (5, 7, and 9) and carbothioamide 1 in a molar ratio (1:2), respectively. The distinctive features in the structure of isolated products were elucidated by spectroscopic tools and elemental analyses. The antioxidant, in vitro anti-proliferative, cytotoxicity, and anti-cancer efficacy of thiazoles and bis-thiazoles were evaluated. Compounds 4d and 4f were the most potent antioxidant agents. Gene expression of apoptosis markers and fragmentation assay of DNA were assessed to explore the biochemical mechanism of synthesized products. Thiazoles significantly inhibited cell growth and proliferation more than bis-thiazoles. They induced apoptosis through induction of apoptotic gene expression P53 and downregulation of antiapoptotic gene expression Bcl-2. Moreover, they induced fragmentation of DNA in cancer cells, indicating that they could be employed as anticancer agents by inhibiting tumor growth and progression and can be considered effective compounds in the strategy of anti-cancer agents' discovery. CONCLUSION Synthesis, DPPH Radical Scavenging, Cytotoxic activity, and Apoptosis Induction Efficacy based on Novel Thiazoles and Bis-thiazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Negm
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Yasair S Al-Faiyz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed M Riyadh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Almunawrah, 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelwahed R Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-suef, 62514, Egypt
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Ghosh I, Dey Ghosh R, Mukhopadhyay S. Identification of genes associated with gall bladder cell carcinogenesis: Implications in targeted therapy of gall bladder cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:2053-2063. [PMID: 38173427 PMCID: PMC10758643 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i12.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gall bladder cancer (GBC) is becoming a very devastating form of hepatobiliary cancer in India. Every year new cases of GBC are quite high in India. Despite recent advanced multimodality treatment options, the survival of GBC patients is very low. If the disease is diagnosed at the advanced stage (with local nodal metastasis or distant metastasis) or surgical resection is inoperable, the prognosis of those patients is very poor. So, perspectives of targeted therapy are being taken. Targeted therapy includes hormone therapy, proteasome inhibitors, signal transduction and apoptosis inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, and immunotherapeutic agents. One such signal transduction inhibitor is the specific short interfering RNA (siRNA) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA). For developing siRNA-mediated therapy shRNA, although several preclinical studies to evaluate the efficacy of these key molecules have been performed using gall bladder cells, many more clinical trials are required. To date, many such genes have been identified. This review will discuss the recently identified genes associated with GBC and those that have implications in its treatment by siRNA or shRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, Kolkata 700094, India
| | - Ruma Dey Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, Kolkata 700094, India
| | - Soma Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, Kolkata 700094, India
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Panjan M, Boltezar L, Novakovic S, Kokovic I, Jezersek Novakovic B. Correlation of t(14;18) translocation breakpoint site with clinical characteristics in follicular lymphoma. Radiol Oncol 2023; 57:487-492. [PMID: 37439703 PMCID: PMC10690741 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2023-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation is an important genetic feature of follicular lymphoma resulting in antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) protein overexpression. On chromosome 18 breakpoint-site variation is high but does not affect BCL2. Breakpoint most commonly occurs at major breakpoint region (MBR) but may happen at minor cluster region (mcr) and between MBR and mcr at 3'MBR and 5'mcr. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation of t(14;18)(q32;q21) breakpoint site with clinical characteristics in follicular lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included patients diagnosed with follicular lymphoma who received at least 1 cycle of systemic treatment and had the t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at MBR, mcr or 3'MBR prior to first treatment. Among patients with different breakpoints, sex, age, disease grade, stage, B-symptoms, follicular lymphoma international prognostic index (FLIPI), presence of bulky disease, progression free survival and overall survival were compared. RESULTS Of 84 patients, 63 had breakpoint at MBR, 17 at mcr and 4 at 3'MBR. At diagnosis, the MBR group had a significantly lower disease stage than the mcr group. Although not significant, in the MBR group we found a higher progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), lower grade, age, FLIPI, and less B-symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Compared to patients with mcr breakpoint, those with MBR breakpoint seem to be characterised by more favourable clinical characteristics. However, a larger study would be required to support our observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Panjan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lucka Boltezar
- Division of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Srdjan Novakovic
- Medical Faculty Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ira Kokovic
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Jezersek Novakovic
- Division of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Saadh MJ, Pecho RDC, Jamal A, Alothaim AS, Kamal MA, Warsi MK, Ahmad F, Obaid M, Moslem H, Zainab HA, Amin AH, Arias-Gonzáles JL, Margiana R, Akhavan-Sigari R. Reduced expression of miR-221 is associated with the pro-apoptotic pathways in spermatozoa of oligospermia men. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 160:104159. [PMID: 37913711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Oligospermia and asthenozoospermia, both frequent, can lead to male infertility. Oligospermia might be viewed as a milder form of azoospermia because the same mutations that produce azoospermia in some individuals also create oligospermia in other individuals. In this, we looked at different characteristics of oligospermia men, counting the level of apoptosis and a few related apoptotic and oxidative stress components, and compared them to solid controls. In this study, semen samples from healthy fertile men (n = 35) and oligospermia (n = 35) were collected, and sperm death rates in both groups were examined using flow cytometry. Also, gene expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers and miR-221 were investigated (Real-Time PCR). Moreover, for the evaluation of catalase and SOD activity and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10 and TGF-β, the specific ELISA kits and procedures were applied. As a result, higher gene and protein expression levels of PTEN, P27, and P57 were observed in patients with oligospermia. In contrast, lower mRNA expression of AKT and miR-221 was detected in this group. In addition, IL-10, TGF-β, and catalase activity were suppressed in the oligospermia group compared with healthy men samples. Moreover, the frequency of apoptosis of sperm cells is induced in patients. In conclusion, apoptosis-related markers, PTEN, and the measurement of significant and efficient oxidative stress markers like SOD and catalase in semen plasma could be considered as the critical diagnostic markers for oligospermia. Future studies will be better able to treat oligospermia by showing whether these indicators are rising or falling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan; Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Azfar Jamal
- Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi-, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Alothaim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi-, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohiuddin Khan Warsi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriya, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hani Moslem
- Department of Dental Industry Techniques, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - H A Zainab
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Ali H Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - José Luis Arias-Gonzáles
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Studies, University of British Columbia, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Andrology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Poland
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Zhang P, Zhou C, Jing Q, Gao Y, Yang L, Li Y, Du J, Tong X, Wang Y. Role of APR3 in cancer: apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, and cancer therapy. Apoptosis 2023; 28:1520-1533. [PMID: 37634193 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
APR3 (Apoptosis-related protein 3) is a gene that has recently been identified to be associated with apoptosis. The gene is located on human chromosome 2p22.3 and contains both transmembrane and EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like domains. Additionally, it has structural sites, including AP1, SP1, and MEF2D, that indicate NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-B) may be transcription factors for this gene. Functionally, APR3 participates in apoptosis due to the induction of mitochondrial damage to release mitochondrial cytochrome C. Concurrently, APR3 affects the cell cycle by altering the expression of Cyclin D1, which, in turn, affects the incidence and growth of malignancies and promotes cell differentiation. Previous reports indicate that APR3 is located in lysosomal membranes, where it contributes to lysosomal activity and participates in autophagy. While further research is required to determine the precise role and molecular mechanisms of APR3, earlier studies have laid the groundwork for APR3 research. There is growing evidence supporting the significance of APR3 in oncology. Therefore, this review aims to examine the current state of knowledge on the role of the newly discovered APR3 in tumorigenesis and to generate fresh insights and suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, 310000, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoting Zhou
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiangan Jing
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, 310000, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Du
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Luqiao Second People's Hospital, 317200, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Alhowail AH, Aldubayan MA. Doxorubicin impairs cognitive function by upregulating AMPAR and NMDAR subunit expression and increasing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the brain. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1251917. [PMID: 38099144 PMCID: PMC10720042 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1251917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) is used for various malignancies. However, it also causes cognitive impairment in cancer survivors. In order to determine the mechanisms underlying the acute effects of DOX, we assessed the mRNA and protein expression of glutamate receptors and proteins involved in cognitive function and apoptosis. Methods: Fear-conditioning memory tests were performed in rats after a single intraperitoneal injection of DOX (25 mg/kg) to evaluate short-term memory function. Rat brain samples were collected, and GluA1 mRNA and protein expression; NR2A and NR2B mRNA expression; and COX-2, NF-kB, TNF-α, and MDA, Bax, and caspase-3 levels were assessed via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: We observed a decreased number of entries in Y-maze, decreased exploration time to the novel object in the novel object recognition (NOR), and decreased freezing time in the fear-conditioning memory tests in DOX-treated rats relative to those in control rats, demonstrating cognitive impairment. GluA1, NR2B, and NR2A expression and MDA, NF-κB, Bax, COX-2, TNF-α, and caspase-3 levels in the brain were significantly elevated in DOX-treated rats. Conclusion: DOX induced cognitive impairment in the rats via neuronal toxicity by upregulating AMPAR and NMDAR expression and increasing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H. Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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King LE, Hohorst L, García-Sáez AJ. Expanding roles of BCL-2 proteins in apoptosis execution and beyond. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260790. [PMID: 37994778 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteins of the BCL-2 family are known as key regulators of apoptosis, with interactions between family members determining permeabilisation of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) and subsequent cell death. However, the exact mechanism through which they form the apoptotic pore responsible for MOM permeabilisation (MOMP), the structure and specific components of this pore, and what roles BCL-2 proteins play outside of directly regulating MOMP are incompletely understood. Owing to the link between apoptosis dysregulation and disease, the BCL-2 proteins are important targets for drug development. With the development and clinical use of drugs targeting BCL-2 proteins showing success in multiple haematological malignancies, enhancing the efficacy of these drugs, or indeed developing novel drugs targeting BCL-2 proteins is of great interest to treat cancer patients who have developed resistance or who suffer other disease types. Here, we review our current understanding of the molecular mechanism of MOMP, with a particular focus on recently discovered roles of BCL-2 proteins in apoptosis and beyond, and discuss what implications these functions might have in both healthy tissues and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E King
- Institute for Genetics, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Lisa Hohorst
- Institute for Genetics, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Institute for Genetics, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
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Frigault MM, Mithal A, Wong H, Stelte-Ludwig B, Mandava V, Huang X, Birkett J, Johnson AJ, Izumi R, Hamdy A. Enitociclib, a Selective CDK9 Inhibitor, Induces Complete Regression of MYC+ Lymphoma by Downregulation of RNA Polymerase II Mediated Transcription. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:2268-2279. [PMID: 37882668 PMCID: PMC10634346 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Double-hit diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DH-DLBCL) is an aggressive, and often refractory, type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) characterized by rearrangements in MYC and BCL2. Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) regulates transcriptional elongation and activation of transcription factors, including MYC, making it a potential targeted approach for the treatment of MYC+ lymphomas. Enitociclib is a well-tolerated and clinically active CDK9 inhibitor leading to complete metabolic remissions in 2 of 7 patients with DH-DLBCL treated with once weekly 30 mg intravenous administration. Herein, we investigate the pharmacodynamic effect of CDK9 inhibition in preclinical models and in blood samples from patients [DH-DLBCL (n = 10) and MYC+ NHL (n = 5)] treated with 30 mg i.v. once weekly enitociclib. Enitociclib shows significant regulation of RNA polymerase II Ser2 phosphorylation in a MYC-amplified SU-DHL-4 cell line and depletion of MYC and antiapoptosis protein MCL1 in SU-DHL-4 and MYC-overexpressing SU-DHL-10 cell lines in vitro. Tumor growth inhibition reaching 0.5% of control treated SU-DHL-10 xenografts is achieved in vivo and MYC and MCL1 depletion as well as evidence of apoptosis activation after enitociclib treatment is demonstrated. An unbiased analysis of the genes affected by CDK9 inhibition in both cell lines demonstrates that RNA polymerase II and transcription pathways are primarily affected and novel enitociclib targets such as PHF23 and TP53RK are discovered. These findings are recapitulated in blood samples from enitociclib-treated patients; while MYC downregulation is most robust with enitociclib treatment, other CDK9-regulated targets may be MYC independent delivering a transcriptional downregulation via RNA polymerase II. SIGNIFICANCE MYC+ lymphomas are refractory to standard of care and novel treatments that downregulate MYC are needed. The utility of enitociclib, a selective CDK9 inhibitor in this patient population, is demonstrated in preclinical models and patients. Enitociclib inhibits RNA polymerase II function conferring a transcriptional shift and depletion of MYC and MCL1. Enitociclib intermittent dosing downregulates transcription factors including MYC, providing a therapeutic window for durable responses in patients with MYC+ lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xin Huang
- Vincerx Pharma, Inc., Palo Alto, California
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Yaguchi T, Kameno M, Taira H, Kawakami J. Mitochondrial Dynamics of Bcl-2 Family Proteins during 17-β-Estradiol-Induced Apoptosis Correlate with the Malignancy of Endometrial Cancer Cells. Biochemistry 2023; 62:3041-3049. [PMID: 37856786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Excessive fat intake leads to an increase in cholesterol. Overexposure to estrogen derived from cholesterol is known to contribute to the malignancy of endometrial adenocarcinomas. However, it is not well understood the relationship between the exposure to estrogen and the malignancy of endometrial adenocarcinomas. We investigated how estrogen affected the malignancy of endometrial cancer cells, specifically HEC1 cells (a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma) and HEC50B cells (a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma). Cell viability was decreased by exogenous 17-β-estradiol (E2) in a concentration-dependent manner. E2 disturbed the mitochondrial membrane potentials by changing the localization of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family protein; however, there were significant differences in the localization of Bcl-2 family proteins between HEC1 and HEC50B cells. In HEC1 cells, E2 increased the expression of B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-XL) and the Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and decreased Bcl-2 and Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad) expression on the outer mitochondrial membrane. Conversely, E2 increased the expression of Bad and Bax, and it decreased Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL expressions on the outer mitochondrial membrane in HEC50B cells. The disturbance of the mitochondrial membrane potential led to the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosolic space followed by activating caspase-9. After that, caspase-3 was activated and induced apoptosis. These results suggested that the localization of the Bcl-2 family protein observed under E2-induced apoptosis is related to the malignancy of endometrial cancer cells. We hope that the dynamics of Bcl-2 family proteins such as Bcl-XL and Bad will be used to diagnose malignant endometrial adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokizu, Okawa, Fukuoka 831-8501, Japan
| | - Misaki Kameno
- Department of Nanobiochemistry, Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Taira
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokizu, Okawa, Fukuoka 831-8501, Japan
| | - Junji Kawakami
- Department of Nanobiochemistry, Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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Radwan SM, Alqulaly M, Elsaeed MY, Elshora SZ, Atwa AH, Wasfey EF. L-carnitine reverses methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity in experimental rat model: Insight on SIRT1/PGC-1α/Nrf2/HO-1 axis. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:1667-1675. [PMID: 37312617 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent used for treating several types of cancer as well as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, but its use is limited due to its nephrotoxicity. The purpose of this research work was to observe ameliorative effects of L-carnitine (LC) toward renal toxicity caused by MTX and mechanisms responsible for these effects. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (eight rats/group), control group (received saline), MTX group (20 mg/kg/i.p. once), LC group (500 mg/kg/i.p. for 5 days), and MTX + LC group (received a single MTX dose 20 mg/kg/i.p. followed by LC 500 mg/kg/i.p. for 5 days). Histopathological examinations, lipid oxidation marker, malondialdehyde (MDA), and the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl2, and caspase-3) were used to assess renal toxicity. Moreover, the protein levels of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and its downstream signaling targets, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in addition to heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were measured. LC significantly protected against MTX-induced nephrotoxicity. It ameliorated MTX-induced renal histopathological changes and diminished MTX-induced renal oxidative stress, renal inflammation, and apoptosis. LC also upregulated the expression of SIRT1 and PGC-1 as well as Nrf2 and HO-1. By controlling the expression of renal SIRT1/PGC-1/Nrf2/HO-1, LC displayed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Hence, using LC supplements may help prevent negative MTX side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Radwan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Alqulaly
- Physiology Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Magdy Y Elsaeed
- Physiology Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Z Elshora
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa H Atwa
- Forensic medicine and clinical toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman F Wasfey
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Chen J, Rodriguez AS, Morales MA, Fang X. Autophagy Modulation and Its Implications on Glioblastoma Treatment. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8687-8703. [PMID: 37998723 PMCID: PMC10670099 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a vital cellular process that functions to degrade and recycle damaged organelles into basic metabolites. This allows a cell to adapt to a diverse range of challenging conditions. Autophagy assists in maintaining homeostasis, and it is tightly regulated by the cell. The disruption of autophagy has been associated with many diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. This review will center its discussion on providing an in-depth analysis of the current molecular understanding of autophagy and its relevance to brain tumors. We will delve into the current literature regarding the role of autophagy in glioma pathogenesis by exploring the major pathways of JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR and summarizing the current therapeutic interventions and strategies for glioma treatment. These treatments will be evaluated on their potential for autophagy induction and the challenges associated with their utilization. By understanding the mechanism of autophagy, clinical applications for future therapeutics in treating gliomas can be better targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Andrea Salinas Rodriguez
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Maximiliano Arath Morales
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Xiaoqian Fang
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
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Venugopal S, Loghavi S. Current State and Future Prospects of Diagnosis and Management of TP53-Mutated Myeloid Neoplasms. Pathobiology 2023; 91:45-54. [PMID: 37839402 DOI: 10.1159/000534566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53-mutated myeloid neoplasms including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are notoriously treatment resistant with uniformly poor outcomes. TP53 status is an important prognostic indicator and early knowledge of the TP53 mutation/allelic state may assist in appropriate management including clinical trial enrollment for eligible patients. Thus far, no therapy has shown to demonstrate durable response or incremental survival benefit in TP53-mutated AML or MDS. Therefore, there is an urgent need for innovative therapies to improve the outcomes in this notoriously recalcitrant genomic subset. In this review, we dissect the biology, classification, prognosis, current treatment landscape, and the early phase evaluation of investigational agents in TP53-mutated AML and MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Venugopal
- Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sanam Loghavi
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Nithiyanandam S, Prince SE. Caesalpinia bonducella Counteracts Paracetamol-Instigated Hepatic Toxicity via Modulating TNF-α and IL-6/10 Expression and Bcl-2 and Caspase-8/3 Signalling. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:6256-6275. [PMID: 36853441 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Paracetamol is the most predominantly used antipyretic and analgesic drug. As paracetamol is metabolised mostly in the liver, both deliberate and unintentional overdoses of paracetamol are reported to provoke severe hepatotoxicity, including liver failure. Caesalpinia bonducella seed is well known for its medicinal and therapeutic properties. However, there is no report on its potential protective effects against paracetamol-instigated hepatotoxicity. Therefore, we studied the protective effects of aqueous seed extract of Caesalpinia bonducella (ASECB) on paracetamol-instigated hepatotoxicity in rats. Thirty female albino rats were divided into five groups: control, paracetamol-intoxicated, ASECB + paracetamol, silymarin + paracetamol, and ASECB alone. The rats were assessed for liver enzyme markers (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase), antioxidant activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), histopathological, cytokine levels (pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10), and protein expression (pro-apoptotic markers caspase 3 and caspase 8 and anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2) after the 8-day study period. Repercussions of paracetamol intoxication induced upregulation of liver enzyme markers, antioxidant depletion, malondialdehyde production, decreased expression of Bcl-2 and IL-10, and overexpression of apoptotic and pro-inflammatory mediators, which were attenuated by pre-treatment with ASECB. ASECB markedly mitigated paracetamol-instigated liver injury by suppressing caspase-8/3 signalling and inflammatory infiltration in liver tissue by significantly reducing TNF-α and IL-6. In conclusion, ASECB pre-treatment exerts potent liver protection against paracetamol-instigated hepatotoxicity evidenced by mitigation of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Nithiyanandam
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632014, India.
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Zerikiotis S, Efentakis P, Dapola D, Agapaki A, Seiradakis G, Kostomitsopoulos N, Skaltsounis AL, Tseti I, Triposkiadis F, Andreadou I. Synergistic Pulmonoprotective Effect of Natural Prolyl Oligopeptidase Inhibitors in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14235. [PMID: 37762537 PMCID: PMC10531912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a highly morbid inflammatory lung disease with limited pharmacological interventions. The present study aims to evaluate and compare the potential pulmonoprotective effects of natural prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) inhibitors namely rosmarinic acid (RA), chicoric acid (CA), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and gallic acid (GA), against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS. Cell viability and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators were measured in RAW264.7 cells and in primary murine lung epithelial and bone marrow cells. Nitric oxide (NO) production was also assessed in unstimulated and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. For subsequent in vivo experiments, the two natural products (NPs) with the most favorable effects, RA and GA, were selected. Protein, cell content and lipid peroxidation levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well as histopathological changes and respiratory parameters were evaluated in LPS-challenged mice. Expression of key mediators involved in ARDS pathophysiology was detected by Western blotting. RA and GA favorably reduced gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in vitro, while GA decreased NO production in macrophages. In LPS-challenged mice, RA and GA co-administration improved respiratory parameters, reduced cell and protein content and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in BALF, decreased vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression, activated anti-apoptotic mechanisms and down-regulated POP in the lung. Conclusively, these synergistic pulmonoprotective effects of RA and GA co-administration could render them a promising prophylactic/therapeutic pharmacological intervention against ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelios Zerikiotis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (S.Z.); (P.E.); (D.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (S.Z.); (P.E.); (D.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Danai Dapola
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (S.Z.); (P.E.); (D.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Anna Agapaki
- Histochemistry Facility, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgios Seiradakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (S.Z.); (P.E.); (D.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Centre of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Filippos Triposkiadis
- Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 413 34 Larissa, Greece;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 413 34 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (S.Z.); (P.E.); (D.D.); (G.S.)
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Younis MK, Khalil IA, Younis NS, Fakhr Eldeen RR, Abdelnaby RM, Aldeeb RA, Taha AA, Hassan DH. Aceclofenac/Citronellol Oil Nanoemulsion Repurposing Study: Formulation, In Vitro Characterization, and In Silico Evaluation of Their Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Activity against Melanoma Cell Line. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2531. [PMID: 37760972 PMCID: PMC10525854 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aceclofenac (ACF) is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) known for its effectiveness in treating pain and inflammation. Recent studies have demonstrated that ACF possesses antiproliferative properties, inhibiting the growth of cancer cells in various cancer cell lines. Citronellol, a monoterpenoid alcohol found in essential oils, exhibits antioxidant properties and activities such as inhibiting cell growth and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. In this study, the objective was to formulate and evaluate an aceclofenac/citronellol oil nanoemulsion for its antiproliferative effects on melanoma. The optimal concentrations of citronellol oil, Tween 80, and Transcutol HP were determined using a pseudoternary phase diagram. The formulated nanoemulsions were characterized for droplet size, zeta potential, thermophysical stability, and in vitro release. The selected formula (F1) consisted of citronellol oil (1 gm%), Tween 80 (4 gm%), and Transcutol HP (1 gm%). F1 exhibited a spherical appearance with high drug content, small droplet size, and acceptable negative zeta potential. The amorphous state of the drug in the nanoemulsion was confirmed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, while FTIR analysis indicated its homogenous solubility. The nanoemulsion showed significant antiproliferative activity, with a lower IC50 value compared to aceclofenac or citronellol alone. Flow cytometric analysis revealed cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis induced by the nanoemulsion. In silico studies provided insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the observed antitumor activity. In conclusion, the developed aceclofenac/citronellol oil nanoemulsion exhibited potent cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic effects, suggesting its potential as a repurposed antiproliferative agent for melanoma treatment. In a future plan, further animal model research for validation is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona K. Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City 12566, Egypt; (I.A.K.); (R.A.A.); (A.A.T.); (D.H.H.)
| | - Islam A. Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City 12566, Egypt; (I.A.K.); (R.A.A.); (A.A.T.); (D.H.H.)
| | - Nancy S. Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Zagazig University Hospitals, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Rasha R. Fakhr Eldeen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City 12566, Egypt;
| | - Rana M. Abdelnaby
- Department Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Reem A. Aldeeb
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City 12566, Egypt; (I.A.K.); (R.A.A.); (A.A.T.); (D.H.H.)
| | - Amal A. Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City 12566, Egypt; (I.A.K.); (R.A.A.); (A.A.T.); (D.H.H.)
| | - Doaa H. Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City 12566, Egypt; (I.A.K.); (R.A.A.); (A.A.T.); (D.H.H.)
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Kamranian H, Asoudeh H, Sharif RK, Taheri F, Hayes AW, Gholami M, Alavi A, Motaghinejad M. Neuroprotective potential of trimetazidine against tramadol-induced neurotoxicity: role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:607-623. [PMID: 37051630 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2202785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Tramadol (TRA) causes neurotoxicity whereas trimetazidine (TMZ) is neuroprotective. The potential involvement of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in the neuroprotection of TMZ against TRA-induced neurotoxicity was evaluated. Seventy male Wistar rats were divided into groups. Groups 1 and 2 received saline or TRA (50 mg/kg). Groups 3, 4, and 5 received TRA (50 mg/kg) and TMZ (40, 80, or 160 mg/kg) for 14 days. Group 6 received TMZ (160 mg/kg). Hippocampal neurodegenerative, mitochondrial quadruple complex enzymes, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3Ks)/protein kinase B levels, oxidative stress, inflammatory, apoptosis, autophagy, and histopathology were evaluated. TMZ decreased anxiety and depressive-like behavior induced by TRA. TMZ in tramadol-treated animals inhibited lipid peroxidation, GSSG, TNF-α, and IL-1β while increasing GSH, SOD, GPx, GR, and mitochondrial quadruple complex enzymes in the hippocampus. TRA inhibited Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and increased pyruvate dehydrogenase levels. TMZ reduced these changes. TRA decreased the level of JNK and increased Beclin-1 and Bax. TMZ decreased phosphorylated Bcl-2 while increasing the unphosphorylated form in tramadol-treated rats. TMZ activated phosphorylated PI3Ks, Akt, and mTOR proteins. TMZ inhibited tramadol-induced neurotoxicity by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways and its downstream inflammatory, apoptosis, and autophagy-related cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Kamranian
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hadi Asoudeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Central Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fereshteh Taheri
- Department of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, USA and Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mina Gholami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Alavi
- Department of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Oliveira RC, Gama J, Casanova J. B-cell lymphoma 2 family members and sarcomas: a promising target in a heterogeneous disease. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:583-599. [PMID: 37720343 PMCID: PMC10501895 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins has been the backbone for hematological malignancies with overall survival improvements. The Bcl-2 family is a major player in apoptosis regulation and, has captured the researcher's interest in the treatment of solid tumors. Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of diseases, comprising several entities, with high morbidity and mortality and with few specific therapies available. The treatment for sarcomas is based on platinum regimens, with variable results and poor outcomes, especially in advanced lesions. The high number of different sarcoma entities makes treatment standardization as well as the performance of clinical trials difficult. The use of Bcl-2 family members modifiers has revealed promising results in in vitro and in vivo models and may be a valid option, especially when used in combination with chemotherapy. In this article, a revision of these results and possibilities for the use of Bcl-2 family members inhibitors in sarcomas was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Caetano Oliveira
- Centro de Anatomia Patológica Germano de Sousa, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Investigation on Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Gama
- Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Casanova
- Centre of Investigation on Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Orthopedic Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
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49
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Westwood L, Emmerson E, Callanan A. Fabrication of polycaprolactone electrospun fibres with retinyl acetate for antioxidant delivery in a ROS-mimicking environment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1233801. [PMID: 37650040 PMCID: PMC10463743 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1233801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Increased cancer rates denote that one in two people will be diagnosed with cancer in their lifetime. Over 60% of cancer patients receive radiotherapy, either as a stand-alone treatment or in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy and surgery. Whilst radiotherapy is effective in destroying cancer cells, it also causes subsequent damage to healthy cells and surrounding tissue due to alterations in the tumor microenvironment and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). This can cause extensive damage that impairs tissue function, and the likelihood of tissue regeneration and restoration of function is significantly reduced as new healthy cells cannot survive in the damaged environment. In the treatment of head and neck cancers, radiotherapy can cause salivary gland dysfunction. This significantly impairs the patient's quality of life and there is currently no cure, only palliative treatment options. Tissue engineering approaches are used to mimic the microenvironment of the tissue and can mediate the damaged microenvironment via bioactive compounds, to support the delivery, survival, and proliferation of new, healthy cells into the damaged environment. Methods: In this study, retinyl acetate, a derivative of vitamin A, was successfully incorporated into electrospun polycaprolactone fibres. Results: SEM images and characterization analyses showed that all scaffolds produced had similar characteristics, including fiber morphology and scaffold wettability. The vitamin scaffolds were shown to exert an antioxidant effect through scavenging activity of both DPPH and hydroxyl radicals in vitro. Critically, the antioxidant scaffolds supported the growth of human submandibular gland cells and significantly upregulated the expression of GPx1, an antioxidant enzyme, when cultured under both normal conditions and under a simulated oxidative stress environment. Discussion: These results suggest that incorporation of retinyl acetate into electrospun fibres has may mediate the damaged microenvironment post cancer radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Westwood
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Emmerson
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Callanan
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Alshanqiti KH, Alomar SF, Alzoman N, Almomen A. Irisin Induces Apoptosis in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells and Inhibits Tumor Growth In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4000. [PMID: 37568817 PMCID: PMC10416853 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15154000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in males worldwide, with αVβ5 in-tegrin, a coactivator receptor, being highly expressed in advanced prostate cancer. Irisin, a hormone secreted from skeletal muscles, can reduce cell viability and migration and potentially inhibit αVβ5. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the potential impact of irisin on prostate cancer cells and its underlying mechanism. METHODS In vitro evaluation of the antiproliferative action of irisin on metastatic prostate cancer (PC-3) cells was tested through MTT assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot. An in vivo evaluation of the antiproliferative effect on prostate cancer xenograft was evaluated in nude mice. RESULTS In vitro evaluations showed that irisin reduced PC-3 cell viability to 70% and increased the Annexin-V/7AAD positive cell population. Irisin altered the expression of apoptotic proteins, αVβ5, and proteins involved in the P13k-Akt pathway. In vivo, irisin inhibited tumor growth and progression, positively affecting animal well-being. In conclusion, irisin has an apoptotic effect on PC-3, possibly through altering αVβ5 and the Bcl2/BAX and P13k-Akt signaling pathway, inhibiting tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings can serve as a foundation for further evaluation of irisin's role in prostate cancer.
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