1
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Li Y, Fei H, Xiao Z, Lu X, Zhang H, Liu M. Comprehensive analysis of EphA2 in pan-cancer: A prognostic biomarker associated with cancer immunity. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:e13902. [PMID: 38886133 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported a significant relationship between Ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2) and malignant progression in numerous cancers. However, there is a lack of comprehensive pan-cancer analysis on the prognostic value, mutation status, methylation landscape, and potential immunological function of EphA2. METHOD Using The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype Tissue Expression Database and GEO data, we analysed the differences in EphA2 expression between normal and tumour tissues and the effects of EphA2 on the prognosis of different tumours. Furthermore, using GSCALite, cBioPortal, TISDB, ULCLAN and TIMER 2.0 databases or platforms, we comprehensively analysed the potential oncogenic mechanisms or manifestations of EphA2 in 33 different tumour types, including tumour mutation status, DNA methylation status and immune cell infiltration. The correlation of EphA2 with immune checkpoints, tumour mutational burden, DNA microsatellite instability and DNA repair genes was also calculated. Finally, the effects of EphA2 inhibitors on the proliferation of human glioma and lung cancer cells were verified in cellular experiments. RESULTS EphA2 is differentially expressed in different tumours, and patients with overexpression have poorer overall survival. In addition, gene mutations, gene copy number variation and DNA/RNA methylation of EphA2 have been identified in various tumours. Moreover, EphA2 is positively associated with immune infiltration involving macrophages and CD8+ T cells. Further, EphA2 mRNA expression is significantly associated with immune checkpoint in various cancers, especially programmed death-ligand 1. Finally, the EphA2 inhibitor ALW-II-41-27 shows potent anti-tumour activity. CONCLUSION Our first pan-cancer study of EphA2 provides insight into the prognostic and immunological roles of EphA2 in different tumours, suggesting that EphA2 might be a potential biomarker for poor prognosis and immune infiltration in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for inflammatory diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Clinical Technology Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanxiao Fei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for inflammatory diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiwen Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuxia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for inflammatory diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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2
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Egal ESA, Kamdem SD, Yoshigi M, Yang CC, Pellizzari S, Kameni EM, Helms MN, Assassi S, Henkemeyer M, Frech TM, Mimche PN. EphB2 Receptor Promotes Dermal Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2024; 76:1303-1316. [PMID: 38589317 PMCID: PMC11288787 DOI: 10.1002/art.42858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph)/Ephrin cell-cell signaling is emerging as a key player in tissue fibrogenesis. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the receptor tyrosine kinase EphB2 mediates dermal fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS We assessed normal and SSc human skin biopsies for EphB2 expression. The in vivo role of EphB2 in skin fibrosis was investigated by subjecting EphB2-knockout mice to both bleomycin-induced and tight skin (Tsk1/+) genetic mouse models of skin fibrosis. EphB2 kinase-dead and overactive point mutant mice were used to evaluate the role of EphB2 forward signaling in bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis. In vitro studies were performed on dermal fibroblasts from patients with SSc and healthy controls, which was followed by in vivo analysis of fibroblast-specific Ephb2-deficient mice. RESULTS Expression of EphB2 is up-regulated in SSc skin tissue and explanted SSc dermal fibroblasts compared with healthy controls. EphB2 expression is elevated in two animal models of dermal fibrosis. In mice, EphB2 drives dermal fibrosis in both the bleomycin and the Tsk1/+ models of skin fibrosis. EphB2 forward signaling is a critical mediator of dermal fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) cytokines up-regulate EphB2 in dermal fibroblasts via noncanonical TGF-β/mother against decapentaplegic signaling, and silencing EPHB2 in human dermal fibroblasts is sufficient to dampen TGF-β-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Moreover, mice with fibroblast-specific deletion of EphB2 showed impaired fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and reduced skin fibrosis upon bleomycin challenge. CONCLUSION Our data implicate TGF-β regulation of EphB2 overexpression and kinase-mediated forward signaling in the development of dermal fibrosis in SSc. EphB2 thus represents a potential new therapeutic target for SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika SA Egal
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA
| | - Severin Donald Kamdem
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA
| | - Masaaki Yoshigi
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA
| | - Ching-Chu Yang
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA
| | - Sarah Pellizzari
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA
| | - Ernest M Kameni
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA
| | - My N Helms
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84132, USA
| | - Shervin Assassi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX77030
| | - Mark Henkemeyer
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390, USA
| | - Tracy M Frech
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Patrice N Mimche
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA
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3
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Harris ED, Sharpe JC, Strozen T, Abdi S, Kliewer M, Sanchez MG, Hogan NS, MacDonald-Dickinson V, Vizeacoumar FJ, Toosi BM. The EphA2 Receptor Regulates Invasiveness and Drug Sensitivity in Canine and Human Osteosarcoma Cells. Cells 2024; 13:1201. [PMID: 39056783 PMCID: PMC11275032 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone cancer affecting both humans and dogs, often leading to pulmonary metastasis. Despite surgery and chemotherapy being the primary treatment modalities, survival rates remain low in both species, underscoring the urgent need for more efficacious therapeutic options. Accumulating evidence indicates numerous biological and clinical similarities between human and canine osteosarcoma, making it an ideal choice for comparative oncological research that should benefit both species. The EphA2 receptor has been implicated in controlling invasive responses across different human malignancies, and its expression is associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we utilized a comparative approach to match EphA2 functions in human and canine osteosarcoma models. Our objectives were to assess EphA2 levels and its pro-malignant action in osteosarcoma cells of both species. We found that EphA2 is overexpressed in most of both canine and human osteosarcoma cell lines, while its silencing significantly reduced cell viability, migration, and invasion. Moreover, EphA2 silencing enhanced the sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to cisplatin, a drug commonly used for treating this cancer. Furthermore, inhibition of EphA2 expression led to a significant reduction in tumor development capability of canine osteosarcoma cells. Our data suggest that these EphA2 effects are likely mediated through various signaling mechanisms, including the SRC, AKT, and ERK-MAPK pathways. Collectively, our findings indicate that EphA2 promotes malignant behaviors in both human and canine osteosarcoma and that targeting EphA2, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, could offer potential benefits to osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn D. Harris
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; (E.D.H.); (J.C.S.); (T.S.); (S.A.); (M.K.); (M.G.S.); (V.M.-D.)
| | - Jessica C. Sharpe
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; (E.D.H.); (J.C.S.); (T.S.); (S.A.); (M.K.); (M.G.S.); (V.M.-D.)
| | - Timothy Strozen
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; (E.D.H.); (J.C.S.); (T.S.); (S.A.); (M.K.); (M.G.S.); (V.M.-D.)
| | - Shabnam Abdi
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; (E.D.H.); (J.C.S.); (T.S.); (S.A.); (M.K.); (M.G.S.); (V.M.-D.)
| | - Maya Kliewer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; (E.D.H.); (J.C.S.); (T.S.); (S.A.); (M.K.); (M.G.S.); (V.M.-D.)
| | - Malkon G. Sanchez
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; (E.D.H.); (J.C.S.); (T.S.); (S.A.); (M.K.); (M.G.S.); (V.M.-D.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, GA20 Health Sciences, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Natacha S. Hogan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada;
| | - Valerie MacDonald-Dickinson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; (E.D.H.); (J.C.S.); (T.S.); (S.A.); (M.K.); (M.G.S.); (V.M.-D.)
| | - Franco J. Vizeacoumar
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency and Division of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - Behzad M. Toosi
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; (E.D.H.); (J.C.S.); (T.S.); (S.A.); (M.K.); (M.G.S.); (V.M.-D.)
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Wirth D, Özdemir E, Wimley WC, Pasquale EB, Hristova K. Transmembrane helix interactions regulate oligomerization of the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107441. [PMID: 38838777 PMCID: PMC11263659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane helices of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been proposed to switch between two different dimeric conformations, one associated with the inactive RTK and the other with the active RTK. Furthermore, recent work has demonstrated that some full-length RTKs are associated into oligomers that are larger than dimers, raising questions about the roles of the TM helices in the assembly and function of these oligomers. Here we probe the roles of the TM helices in the assembly of EphA2 RTK oligomers in the plasma membrane. We employ mutagenesis to evaluate the relevance of a published NMR dimeric structure of the isolated EphA2 TM helix in the context of the full-length EphA2 in the plasma membrane. We use two fluorescence methods, Förster Resonance Energy Transfer and Fluorescence Intensity Fluctuations spectrometry, which yield complementary information about the EphA2 oligomerization process. These studies reveal that the TM helix mutations affect the stability, structure, and size of EphA2 oligomers. However, the effects are multifaceted and point to a more complex role of the TM helix than the one expected from the "TM dimer switch" model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wirth
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ece Özdemir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William C Wimley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elena B Pasquale
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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5
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Guo X, Yang Y, Tang J, Xiang J. Ephs in cancer progression: complexity and context-dependent nature in signaling, angiogenesis and immunity. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:299. [PMID: 38811954 PMCID: PMC11137953 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Eph receptors constitute the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases, comprising 14 distinct members classified into two subgroups: EphAs and EphBs.. Despite their essential functions in normal physiological processes, accumulating evidence suggests that the involvement of the Eph family in cancer is characterized by a dual and often contradictory nature. Research indicates that Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling influences cell-cell communication, subsequently regulating cell migration, adhesion, differentiation and proliferation. The contradictory functionalities may arise from the diversity of Eph signaling pathways and the heterogeneity of different cancer microenvironment. In this review, we aim to discuss the dual role of the Eph receptors in tumor development, attempting to elucidate the paradoxical functionality through an exploration of Eph receptor signaling pathways, angiogenesis, immune responses, and more. Our objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor development. Additionally, we will explore the evolving landscape of utilizing Eph receptors as potential targets for tumor therapy and diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyi Yang
- Health Management Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingqun Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Juanjuan Xiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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6
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Gholizadeh N, Rokni GR, Zaresharifi S, Gheisari M, Tabari MAK, Zoghi G. Revolutionizing non-melanoma skin cancer treatment: Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors take the stage. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38812406 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovative treatments for non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are required to enhance patient outcomes. AIMS This review examines the effectiveness and safety of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs). METHODS A comprehensive review was conducted on the treatment potential of several RTKIs, namely cetuximab, erlotinib, gefitinib, panitumumab, and lapatinib. RESULTS The findings indicate that these targeted therapies hold great promise for the treatment of NMSCs. However, it is crucial to consider relapse rates and possible adverse effects. Further research is needed to improve treatment strategies, identify patient groups that would benefit the most, and assess the long-term efficacy and safety, despite the favorable results reported in previous studies. Furthermore, it is crucial to investigate the potential benefits of integrating RTKIs with immunotherapy and other treatment modalities to enhance the overall efficacy of therapy for individuals with NMSC. CONCLUSIONS Targeted therapies for NMSCs may be possible with the use of RTKIs. The majority of studies focused on utilizing epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors as the primary class of RTKIs for the treatment of NMSC. Other RTKIs were only employed in experimental investigations. Research indicates that RTKIs could potentially serve as a suitable alternative for elderly patients who are unable to undergo chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Gholizadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shirin Zaresharifi
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Gheisari
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- USERN Office, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ghazal Zoghi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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7
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Venu A, Zhang Y, Seong J, Hong Y, Lee WS, Min JJ. Engineering of an EPHA2-Targeted Monobody for the Detection of Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2024; 21:285-294. [PMID: 38670584 PMCID: PMC11059598 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and is second only to lung cancer with respect to cancer-related deaths. Noninvasive molecular imaging using established markers is a new emerging method to diagnose CRC. The human ephrin receptor family type-A 2 (hEPHA2) oncoprotein is overexpressed at the early, but not late, stages of CRC. Previously, we reported development of an E1 monobody that is specific for hEPHA2-expressing cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we investigated the ability of the E1 monobody to detect hEPHA2 expressing colorectal tumors in a mouse model, as well as in CRC tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of hEPHA2 on the surface of CRC cells was analyzed by western blotting and flow cytometry. The targeting efficacy of the E1 monobody for CRC cells was examined by flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining. E1 conjugated to the Renilla luciferase variant 8 (Rluc8) reporter protein was used for in vivo imaging in mice. Additionally, an enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) conjugated E1 monobody was used to check the ability of the E1 monobody to target CRC tissue. RESULTS The E1 monobody bound efficiently to hEPHA2-expressing CRC cell lines, and E1 conjugated to the Rluc8 reporter protein targeted tumor tissues in mice transplanted with HCT116 CRC tumor cells. Finally, E1-EGFP stained tumor tissues from human CRC patients, showing a pattern similar to that of an anti-hEPHA2 antibody. CONCLUSION The E1 monobody has utility as an EPHA2 targeting agent for the detection of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Venu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyoun Seong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjin Hong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Sik Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea;
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8
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Wang W, Camley BA. Limits on the accuracy of contact inhibition of locomotion. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:054408. [PMID: 38907435 PMCID: PMC11193850 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.054408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Cells that collide with each other repolarize away from contact, in a process called contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL), which is necessary for correct development of the embryo. CIL can occur even when cells make a micron-scale contact with a neighbor-much smaller than their size. How precisely can a cell sense cell-cell contact and repolarize in the correct direction? What factors control whether a cell recognizes it has contacted a neighbor? We propose a theoretical model for the limits of CIL where cells recognize the presence of another cell by binding the protein ephrin with the Eph receptor. This recognition is made difficult by the presence of interfering ligands that bind nonspecifically. Both theoretical predictions and simulation results show that it becomes more difficult to sense cell-cell contact when it is difficult to distinguish ephrin from the interfering ligands, or when there are more interfering ligands, or when the contact width decreases. However, the error of estimating contact position remains almost constant when the contact width changes. This happens because the cell gains spatial information largely from the boundaries of cell-cell contact. We study using statistical decision theory the likelihood of a false-positive CIL event in the absence of cell-cell contact, and the likelihood of a false negative where CIL does not occur when another cell is present. Our results suggest that the cell is more likely to make incorrect decisions when the contact width is very small or so large that it nears the cell's perimeter. However, in general, we find that cells have the ability to make reasonably reliable CIL decisions even for very narrow (micron-scale) contacts, even if the concentration of interfering ligands is ten times that of the correct ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Brian A Camley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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9
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Liang LY, Geoghegan ND, Mlodzianoski M, Leis A, Whitehead LW, Surudoi MG, Young SN, Janes P, Shepherd D, Ghosal D, Rogers KL, Murphy JM, Lucet IS. Co-clustering of EphB6 and ephrinB1 in trans restrains cancer cell invasion. Commun Biol 2024; 7:461. [PMID: 38627519 PMCID: PMC11021433 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
EphB6 is an understudied ephrin receptor tyrosine pseudokinase that is downregulated in multiple types of metastatic cancers. Unlike its kinase-active counterparts which autophosphorylate and transmit signals upon intercellular interaction, little is known about how EphB6 functions in the absence of intrinsic kinase activity. Here, we unveil a molecular mechanism of cell-cell interaction driven by EphB6. We identify ephrinB1 as a cognate ligand of EphB6 and show that in trans interaction of EphB6 with ephrinB1 on neighboring cells leads to the formation of large co-clusters at the plasma membrane. These co-clusters exhibit a decreased propensity towards endocytosis, suggesting a unique characteristic for this type of cell-cell interaction. Using lattice light-sheet microscopy, 3D structured illumination microscopy and cryo-electron tomography techniques, we show that co-clustering of EphB6 and ephrinB1 promotes the formation of double-membrane tubular structures between cells. Importantly, we also demonstrate that these intercellular structures stabilize cell-cell adhesion, leading to a reduction in the invasive behavior of cancer cells. Our findings rationalize a role for EphB6 pseudokinase as a tumor suppressor when interacting with its ligands in trans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Yu Liang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Niall D Geoghegan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Mlodzianoski
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Leis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Lachlan W Whitehead
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Minglyanna G Surudoi
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peter Janes
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe School of Cancer Medicine, Level 5, ONJ Centre, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Doulin Shepherd
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Debnath Ghosal
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Kelly L Rogers
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Isabelle S Lucet
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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10
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Al-Jamaei AAH, Subramanyam RV, Helder MN, Forouzanfar T, van der Meij EH, Al-Jamei S, de Visscher JGAM. A narrative review of the role of Eph receptors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2024; 30:833-845. [PMID: 37279081 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase receptors (TKR) coordinate a variety of pathological processes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and eventually play a role in patient outcomes. In this review, the role of Eph receptors in HNSCC progression and the possibility of targeting these receptors are illustrated. All relevant studies were identified through a comprehensive search of four electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, web of science, and Embase till August 2022. EphA2 and EphB4, along with ephrin-B2, were the most extensively studied proteins in this family. However, overexpression of EphB4 and its ligand ephrin-B2 were the only proteins that consistently showed association with a poor outcome, indicating that these proteins might serve as valuable prognostic markers in HNSCC. High expression of EphA3 and EphB4 was found to play a crucial role in radioresistance of HNSCC. EphB4 loss, in particular, was observed to induce an immunosuppression phenotypic HNSCC. Currently, ongoing clinical trials are investigating the benefits of EphB4-ephrin-B2 blockade in combination with standard of care treatment in HNSCC. Further efforts are needed to explore the biological role and behavioral complexity of this family of TKR in HNSCC with great attention to avoid heterogeneity of HNSCC subsites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha A H Al-Jamaei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, AmsterdamUMC-location VUmc/Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Collage of Dentistry, Al-Razi University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | | | - Marco N Helder
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, AmsterdamUMC-location VUmc/Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tymour Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, AmsterdamUMC-location VUmc/Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H van der Meij
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, AmsterdamUMC-location VUmc/Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Sayida Al-Jamei
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus TU, Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan G A M de Visscher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, AmsterdamUMC-location VUmc/Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Chatzikalil E, Stergiou IE, Papadakos SP, Konstantinidis I, Theocharis S. The Clinical Relevance of the EPH/Ephrin Signaling Pathway in Pediatric Solid and Hematologic Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3834. [PMID: 38612645 PMCID: PMC11011407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric neoplasms represent a complex group of malignancies that pose unique challenges in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of the underlying molecular pathogenetic mechanisms. Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptors (EPHs), the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their membrane-tethered ligands, ephrins, orchestrate short-distance cell-cell signaling and are intricately involved in cell-pattern morphogenesis and various developmental processes. Unraveling the role of the EPH/ephrin signaling pathway in the pathophysiology of pediatric neoplasms and its clinical implications can contribute to deciphering the intricate landscape of these malignancies. The bidirectional nature of the EPH/ephrin axis is underscored by emerging evidence revealing its capacity to drive tumorigenesis, fostering cell-cell communication within the tumor microenvironment. In the context of carcinogenesis, the EPH/ephrin signaling pathway prompts a reevaluation of treatment strategies, particularly in pediatric oncology, where the modest progress in survival rates and enduring treatment toxicity necessitate novel approaches. Molecularly targeted agents have emerged as promising alternatives, prompting a shift in focus. Through a nuanced understanding of the pathway's intricacies, we aim to lay the groundwork for personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, ultimately contributing to improved outcomes for young patients grappling with neoplastic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chatzikalil
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioanna E. Stergiou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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12
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Ebrahim T, Ebrahim AS, Kandouz M. Diversity of Intercellular Communication Modes: A Cancer Biology Perspective. Cells 2024; 13:495. [PMID: 38534339 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
From the moment a cell is on the path to malignant transformation, its interaction with other cells from the microenvironment becomes altered. The flow of molecular information is at the heart of the cellular and systemic fate in tumors, and various processes participate in conveying key molecular information from or to certain cancer cells. For instance, the loss of tight junction molecules is part of the signal sent to cancer cells so that they are no longer bound to the primary tumors and are thus free to travel and metastasize. Upon the targeting of a single cell by a therapeutic drug, gap junctions are able to communicate death information to by-standing cells. The discovery of the importance of novel modes of cell-cell communication such as different types of extracellular vesicles or tunneling nanotubes is changing the way scientists look at these processes. However, are they all actively involved in different contexts at the same time or are they recruited to fulfill specific tasks? What does the multiplicity of modes mean for the overall progression of the disease? Here, we extend an open invitation to think about the overall significance of these questions, rather than engage in an elusive attempt at a systematic repertory of the mechanisms at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanzeela Ebrahim
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Abdul Shukkur Ebrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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13
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Gao G, Zhou Z. Isthmin-1: A critical regulator of branching morphogenesis and metanephric mesenchyme condensation during early kidney development. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300189. [PMID: 38161234 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Isthmin-1 (Ism1) was first described to be syn-expressed with Fgf8 in Xenopus. However, its biological role has not been elucidated until recent years. Despite of accumulated evidence that Ism1 participates in angiogenesis, tumor invasion, macrophage apoptosis, and glucose metabolism, the cognate receptors for Ism1 remain largely unknown. Ism1 deficiency in mice results in renal agenesis (RA) with a transient loss of Gdnf transcription and impaired mesenchyme condensation at E11.5. Ism1 binds to and activates Integrin α8β1 to positively regulate Gdnf/Ret signaling, thus promoting mesenchyme condensation and ureteric epithelium branching morphogenesis. Here, we propose the hypothesis underlying the mechanism by which Ism1 regulates branching morphogenesis during early kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhongjun Zhou
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Reproductive Medical Center, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Rasool D, Burban A, Sharanek A, Madrigal A, Hu J, Yan K, Qu D, Voss AK, Slack RS, Thomas T, Bonni A, Picketts DJ, Soleimani VD, Najafabadi HS, Jahani-Asl A. PHF6-mediated transcriptional control of NSC via Ephrin receptors is impaired in the intellectual disability syndrome BFLS. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1256-1281. [PMID: 38429579 PMCID: PMC10933485 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The plant homeodomain zinc-finger protein, PHF6, is a transcriptional regulator, and PHF6 germline mutations cause the X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS). The mechanisms by which PHF6 regulates transcription and how its mutations cause BFLS remain poorly characterized. Here, we show genome-wide binding of PHF6 in the developing cortex in the vicinity of genes involved in central nervous system development and neurogenesis. Characterization of BFLS mice harbouring PHF6 patient mutations reveals an increase in embryonic neural stem cell (eNSC) self-renewal and a reduction of neural progenitors. We identify a panel of Ephrin receptors (EphRs) as direct transcriptional targets of PHF6. Mechanistically, we show that PHF6 regulation of EphR is impaired in BFLS mice and in conditional Phf6 knock-out mice. Knockdown of EphR-A phenocopies the PHF6 loss-of-function defects in altering eNSCs, and its forced expression rescues defects of BFLS mice-derived eNSCs. Our data indicate that PHF6 directly promotes Ephrin receptor expression to control eNSC behaviour in the developing brain, and that this pathway is impaired in BFLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Rasool
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Audrey Burban
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montréal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Ahmad Sharanek
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montréal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Ariel Madrigal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montréal, QC, H3A OC7, Canada
- McGill Genome Centre, Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, 740 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Jinghua Hu
- Regenerative Medicine Program and Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Keqin Yan
- Regenerative Medicine Program and Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Dianbo Qu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Anne K Voss
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ruth S Slack
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Tim Thomas
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Azad Bonni
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David J Picketts
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program and Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Vahab D Soleimani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montréal, QC, H3A OC7, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Hamed S Najafabadi
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montréal, QC, H3A OC7, Canada.
- McGill Genome Centre, Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, 740 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada.
| | - Arezu Jahani-Asl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montréal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada.
- Regenerative Medicine Program and Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Ottawa Institutes of System Biology, University of Ottawa, Health Sciences Campus, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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15
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Wurz AI, Zheng KS, Hughes RM. Optogenetic Regulation of EphA1 RTK Activation and Signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.06.579139. [PMID: 38370612 PMCID: PMC10871282 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.06.579139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Eph receptors are ubiquitous class of transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-cell communication, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. EphA1 receptors specifically play an important role in angiogenesis, fetal development, and cancer progression; however, studies of this receptor can be challenging as its ligand, ephrinA1, binds and activates several EphA receptors simultaneously. Optogenetic strategies could be applied to circumvent this requirement for ligand activation and enable selective activation of the EphA1 subtype. In this work, we designed and tested several iterations of an optogenetic EphA1 - Cryptochrome 2 (Cry2) fusion, investigating their capacity to mimic EphA1-dependent signaling in response to light activation. We then characterized the key cell signaling target of MAPK phosphorylation activated in response to light stimulation. The optogenetic regulation of Eph receptor RTK signaling without the need for external stimulus promises to be an effective means of controlling individual Eph receptor-mediated activities and creates a path forward for the identification of new Eph-dependent functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I. Wurz
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Kevin S. Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Robert M. Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
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16
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Xie Y, Zhang L, Wang L, Chen B, Guo X, Yang Y, Shi W, Chen A, Yi J, Tang J, Xiang J. EphB1 promotes the differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 582:216567. [PMID: 38070822 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
EphB1 is implicated in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. It binds to membrane-bound ligands and drives bidirectional signaling. EphB1, along with its ligand ehrinB, plays a pivotal role in activating immune cells. However, despite its presence in dendritic cells (DCs), EphB1's involvement in the differentiation and maturation of DCs in cancers remains inadequately understood. In this study, we found compromised differentiation and maturation of DCs in EphB1-/- mice bearing lung adenocarcinoma syngeneic tumors. Our in vitro assays revealed that EphB1 phosphorylation induced DC differentiation and maturation. Cox-2, a key enzyme involved in the production of proinflammatory molecules, is implicated in DC differentiation induced by phosphorylated EphB1. Additionally, the study has identified lead compounds that specifically target EphB1 phosphorylation sites. Collectively, this research on EphB1 phosphorylation has provided valuable insights into the regulation of immune cell functionality and holds the potential for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohuan Xie
- Hunan Key laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hypothalamic-pituitary Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lujuan Wang
- Hunan Key laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hypothalamic-pituitary Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoting Guo
- Hunan Key laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyi Yang
- Health Management Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Wenhua Shi
- Hunan Key laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Anqi Chen
- Hunan Key laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Junqi Yi
- Hunan Key laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jingqun Tang
- Hunan Key laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
| | - Juanjuan Xiang
- Hunan Key laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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17
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Kim Y, Miller WT. Contrasting Effects of Cancer-Associated Mutations in EphA3 and EphB2 Kinases. Biochemistry 2024:10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00674. [PMID: 38252844 PMCID: PMC11265570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Erythropoietin-producing hepatoma (Eph) receptors are a family of tyrosine kinases that can act as tumor promoters or tumor suppressors, depending on the receptor and cancer cell type. Cancer-associated somatic mutations have been identified in all Eph receptors, but in most cases, the functional effects of the mutations are unknown. In this study, we expressed and purified the kinase domains of wild-type (WT) EphA3 and EphB2 along with 16 cancer-associated mutants. We identified mutations that decrease EphA3 activity and both activating and inhibitory mutations in EphB2. To shed light on the mechanisms by which the mutations altered kinase activity, we measured the thermal stabilities of the enzymes and performed steady-state kinetic experiments. We also expressed the full-length receptors in HEK293T cells to determine the cellular effects. WT EphB2 promoted downstream ERK signaling, while a kinase-inactive mutant (S706F) was similar to the control cells. In contrast, WT EphA3 (but not loss-of-function mutants) inhibited ERK signaling. The reciprocal effects of EphB2 and EphA3 on ERK phosphorylation in HEK293T cells were also evident in Ras-GTP loading. Thus, consistent with the dual roles of Eph receptors as tumor promoters and tumor suppressors, somatic mutations have the potential to increase or decrease Eph function, resulting in changes in the downstream signaling transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyoung Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - W Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York 11768, United States
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18
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Schilling K. Revisiting the development of cerebellar inhibitory interneurons in the light of single-cell genetic analyses. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:5-27. [PMID: 37940705 PMCID: PMC10794478 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The present review aims to provide a short update of our understanding of the inhibitory interneurons of the cerebellum. While these cells constitute but a minority of all cerebellar neurons, their functional significance is increasingly being recognized. For one, inhibitory interneurons of the cerebellar cortex are now known to constitute a clearly more diverse group than their traditional grouping as stellate, basket, and Golgi cells suggests, and this diversity is now substantiated by single-cell genetic data. The past decade or so has also provided important information about interneurons in cerebellar nuclei. Significantly, developmental studies have revealed that the specification and formation of cerebellar inhibitory interneurons fundamentally differ from, say, the cortical interneurons, and define a mode of diversification critically dependent on spatiotemporally patterned external signals. Last, but not least, in the past years, dysfunction of cerebellar inhibitory interneurons could also be linked with clinically defined deficits. I hope that this review, however fragmentary, may stimulate interest and help focus research towards understanding the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Schilling
- Anatomisches Institut - Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Nussallee 10, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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19
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Pasquale EB. Eph receptors and ephrins in cancer progression. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:5-27. [PMID: 37996538 PMCID: PMC11015936 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Evidence implicating Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands (that together make up the 'Eph system') in cancer development and progression has been accumulating since the discovery of the first Eph receptor approximately 35 years ago. Advances in the past decade and a half have considerably increased the understanding of Eph receptor-ephrin signalling mechanisms in cancer and have uncovered intriguing new roles in cancer progression and drug resistance. This Review focuses mainly on these more recent developments. I provide an update on the different mechanisms of Eph receptor-ephrin-mediated cell-cell communication and cell autonomous signalling, as well as on the interplay of the Eph system with other signalling systems. I further discuss recent advances in elucidating how the Eph system controls tumour expansion, invasiveness and metastasis, supports cancer stem cells, and drives therapy resistance. In addition to functioning within cancer cells, the Eph system also mediates the reciprocal communication between cancer cells and cells of the tumour microenvironment. The involvement of the Eph system in tumour angiogenesis is well established, but recent findings also demonstrate roles in immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix. Lastly, I discuss strategies under evaluation for therapeutic targeting of Eph receptors-ephrins in cancer and conclude with an outlook on promising future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena B Pasquale
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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20
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Thapa K, Khan H, Kaur G, Kumar P, Singh TG. Therapeutic targeting of angiopoietins in tumor angiogenesis and cancer development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 687:149130. [PMID: 37944468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The formation and progression of tumors in humans are linked to the abnormal development of new blood vessels known as neo-angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is a broad word that encompasses endothelial cell migration, proliferation, tube formation, and intussusception, as well as peri-EC recruitment and extracellular matrix formation. Tumor angiogenesis is regulated by angiogenic factors, out of which some of the most potent angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and Angiopoietins (ANGs) in the body are produced by macrophages and other immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. ANGs have a distinct function in tumor angiogenesis and behavior. ANG1, ANG 2, ANG 3, and ANG 4 are the family members of ANG out of which ANG2 has been extensively investigated owing to its unique role in modifying angiogenesis and its tight association with tumor progression, growth, and invasion/metastasis, which makes it an excellent candidate for therapeutic intervention in human malignancies. ANG modulators have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in the treatment of tumor development, either alone or in conjunction with VEGF inhibitors. Future development of more ANG modulators targeting other ANGs is needed. The implication of ANG1, ANG3, and ANG4 as probable therapeutic targets for anti-angiogenesis treatment in tumor development should be also evaluated. The article has described the role of ANG in tumor angiogenesis as well as tumor growth and the treatment strategies modulating ANGs in tumor angiogenesis as demonstrated in clinical studies. The pharmacological modulation of ANGs and ANG-regulated pathways that are responsible for tumor angiogenesis and cancer development should be evaluated for the development of future molecular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Thapa
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151401, Bathinda, India
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21
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Bhardwaj R, Mishra P. Engineered Recombinant EGFP-Azurin Theranostic Nanosystem for Targeted Therapy of Prostate Cancer. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:6066-6078. [PMID: 37906960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) receptors and their ligands, ephrins, are the largest subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that have emerged as a new class of cancer biomarkers due to their aberrant expression in cancer progression. The activation of Eph receptors either due to their hyperexpression or via high affinity binding with their respective ephrin ligands initiates a cascade of signals that impacts cancer development and progression. In prostate cancer, the overexpression of the EphA6 receptor has been correlated with increased metastatic potential. Azurin, a small redox protein, is known to prevent tumor progression by binding to cell surface Eph receptors, inhibiting its autophosphorylation in the kinase domain and thereby disrupting Eph-ephrin signaling. Hence, a self-assembled, theranostic nanosystem of recombinant fusion protein his6EGFP-azu (80-128) was designed by conjugating enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) with the C-terminal region of azurin. This design was inspired by the in silico binding study, where the analogue of ephrinA, his6EGFP-azu (80-128) showed higher binding affinity for the EphA6 receptor than the ephrinA ligands. The his6EGFP-azu (80-128) nanosystem which assembled as nanoparticles was tested for its ability to simultaneously detect and kill the prostate cancer cells, LNCaP. This was achieved by specifically targeting EphA6 receptors overexpressed on the cancer cell surface via C-terminal peptide, azu (80-128). Herein, we report antiproliferative, apoptotic, antimigratory, and anti-invasive effects of this nanosystem on LNCaP cells, while having no similar effects on EphA6 negative human normal lung cells, WI-38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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22
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Chen D, Wiggins D, Sevick EM, Davis MJ, King PD. An EPHB4-RASA1 signaling complex inhibits shear stress-induced Ras-MAPK activation in lymphatic endothelial cells to promote the development of lymphatic vessel valves. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.22.568378. [PMID: 38045382 PMCID: PMC10690291 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.22.568378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
EPHB4 is a receptor protein tyrosine kinase that is required for the development of lymphatic vessel (LV) valves. We show here that EPHB4 is necessary for the specification of LV valves, their continued development after specification, and the maintenance of LV valves in adult mice. EPHB4 promotes LV valve development by inhibiting the activation of the Ras-MAPK pathway in LV endothelial cells (LEC). For LV specification, this role for EPHB4 depends on its ability to interact physically with the p120 Ras-GTPase-activating protein (RASA1) that acts as a negative regulator of Ras. Through physical interaction, EPHB4 and RASA1 dampen oscillatory shear stress (OSS)-induced Ras-MAPK activation in LEC, which is required for LV specification. We identify the Piezo1 OSS sensor as a focus of EPHB4-RASA1 regulation of OSS-induced Ras-MAPK signaling mediated through physical interaction. These findings contribute to an understanding of the mechanism by which EPHB4, RASA1 and Ras regulate lymphatic valvulogenesis.
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23
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Soliman E, Leonard J, Basso EKG, Gershenson I, Ju J, Mills J, de Jager C, Kaloss AM, Elhassanny M, Pereira D, Chen M, Wang X, Theus MH. Efferocytosis is restricted by axon guidance molecule EphA4 via ERK/Stat6/MERTK signaling following brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:256. [PMID: 37941008 PMCID: PMC10633953 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efferocytosis is a process that removes apoptotic cells and cellular debris. Clearance of these cells alleviates neuroinflammation, prevents the release of inflammatory molecules, and promotes the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines to help maintain tissue homeostasis. The underlying mechanisms by which this occurs in the brain after injury remain ill-defined. METHODS We used GFP bone marrow chimeric knockout (KO) mice to demonstrate that the axon guidance molecule EphA4 receptor tyrosine kinase is involved in suppressing MERTK in the brain to restrict efferocytosis of resident microglia and peripheral-derived monocyte/macrophages. RESULTS Single-cell RNAseq identified MERTK expression, the primary receptor involved in efferocytosis, on monocytes, microglia, and a subset of astrocytes in the damaged cortex following brain injury. Loss of EphA4 on infiltrating GFP-expressing immune cells improved functional outcome concomitant with enhanced efferocytosis and overall protein expression of p-MERTK, p-ERK, and p-Stat6. The percentage of GFP+ monocyte/macrophages and resident microglia engulfing NeuN+ or TUNEL+ cells was significantly higher in KO chimeric mice. Importantly, mRNA expression of Mertk and its cognate ligand Gas6 was significantly elevated in these mice compared to the wild-type. Analysis of cell-specific expression showed that p-ERK and p-Stat6 co-localized with MERTK-expressing GFP + cells in the peri-lesional area of the cortex following brain injury. Using an in vitro efferocytosis assay, co-culturing pHrodo-labeled apoptotic Jurkat cells and bone marrow (BM)-derived macrophages, we demonstrate that efferocytosis efficiency and mRNA expression of Mertk and Gas6 was enhanced in the absence of EphA4. Selective inhibitors of ERK and Stat6 attenuated this effect, confirming that EphA4 suppresses monocyte/macrophage efferocytosis via inhibition of the ERK/Stat6 pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings implicate the ERK/Stat6/MERTK axis as a novel regulator of apoptotic debris clearance in brain injury that is restricted by peripheral myeloid-derived EphA4 to prevent the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Soliman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - John Leonard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | | | - Ilana Gershenson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jing Ju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jatia Mills
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Caroline de Jager
- Translational Biology Medicine and Health Graduate Program, Roanoke, VA, 24001, USA
| | - Alexandra M Kaloss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Mohamed Elhassanny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Daniela Pereira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Michael Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Michelle H Theus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Translational Biology Medicine and Health Graduate Program, Roanoke, VA, 24001, USA.
- Center for Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- VT-Biomedical Engineering and School of Neuroscience, 970 Washington Street SW, Life Sciences I; Rm 249 (MC0910), Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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24
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Chang FL, Tsai KC, Lin TY, Chiang CW, Pan SL, Lee YC. Effectiveness of anti-erythropoietin producing Hepatocellular receptor Type-A2 antibody in pancreatic cancer treatment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21774. [PMID: 38034633 PMCID: PMC10682614 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte receptor type A2 (EphA2) is a tyrosine kinase that binds to ephrins (e.g., ephrin-A1) to initiate bidirectional signaling between cells. The binding of EphA2 and ephrin-A1 leads to the inhibition of Ras-MAPK activity and tumor growth. During tumorigenesis, the normal interaction between EphA2 and ephrin-A1 is hindered, which leads to the overexpression of EphA2 and induces cancer. The overexpression of EphA2 has been identified as a notable tumor marker in diagnosing and treating pancreatic cancer. In this study, we used phage display to isolate specific antibodies against the active site of EphA2 by using a discontinuous recombinant epitope for immunization. The therapeutic efficacy and inhibition mechanism of the generated antibody against pancreatic cancer was validated and clarified. The generated antibodies were bound to the conformational epitope of endogenous EphA2 on cancer cells, thus inducing cellular endocytosis and causing EphA2 degradation. Molecule signals pAKT, pERK, pFAK, and pSTAT3 were weakened, inhibiting the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells. The humanized antibody hSD5 could effectively inhibit the growth of the xenograft pancreatic cancer tumor cells BxPc-3 and Mia PaCa-2 in mice, respectively. When antibody hSD5 was administered with gemcitabine, significantly improved effects on tumor growth inhibition were observed. Based on the efficacy of the IgG hSD5 antibodies, clinical administration of the hSD5 antibodies is likely to suppress tumors in patients with pancreatic cancer and abnormal activation or overexpression of EphA2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ling Chang
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Chang Tsai
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yu Lin
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Chiang
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lee
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Cash A, de Jager C, Brickler T, Soliman E, Ladner L, Kaloss AM, Zhu Y, Pridham KJ, Mills J, Ju J, Basso EKG, Chen M, Johnson Z, Sotiropoulos Y, Wang X, Xie H, Matson JB, Marvin EA, Theus MH. Endothelial deletion of EPH receptor A4 alters single-cell profile and Tie2/Akap12 signaling to preserve blood-brain barrier integrity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2204700120. [PMID: 37796990 PMCID: PMC10576133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204700120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurobiological consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) result from a complex interplay of secondary injury responses and sequela that mediates chronic disability. Endothelial cells are important regulators of the cerebrovascular response to TBI. Our work demonstrates that genetic deletion of endothelial cell (EC)-specific EPH receptor A4 (EphA4) using conditional EphA4f/f/Tie2-Cre and EphA4f/f/VE-Cadherin-CreERT2 knockout (KO) mice promotes blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and tissue protection, which correlates with improved motor function and cerebral blood flow recovery following controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. scRNAseq of capillary-derived KO ECs showed increased differential gene expression of BBB-related junctional and actin cytoskeletal regulators, namely, A-kinase anchor protein 12, Akap12, whose presence at Tie2 clustering domains is enhanced in KO microvessels. Transcript and protein analysis of CCI-injured whole cortical tissue or cortical-derived ECs suggests that EphA4 limits the expression of Cldn5, Akt, and Akap12 and promotes Ang2. Blocking Tie2 using sTie2-Fc attenuated protection and reversed Akap12 mRNA and protein levels cortical-derived ECs. Direct stimulation of Tie2 using Vasculotide, angiopoietin-1 memetic peptide, phenocopied the neuroprotection. Finally, we report a noteworthy rise in soluble Ang2 in the sera of individuals with acute TBI, highlighting its promising role as a vascular biomarker for early detection of BBB disruption. These findings describe a contribution of the axon guidance molecule, EphA4, in mediating TBI microvascular dysfunction through negative regulation of Tie2/Akap12 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Cash
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Caroline de Jager
- Translational Biology Medicine and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Thomas Brickler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Eman Soliman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Liliana Ladner
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA24016
| | - Alexandra M. Kaloss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Yumeng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Kevin J. Pridham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Jatia Mills
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Jing Ju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | | | - Michael Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Zachary Johnson
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Yianni Sotiropoulos
- Summer Veterinary Student Research Program, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Hehuang Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
- Center for Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Eric A. Marvin
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA24016
| | - Michelle H. Theus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
- Summer Veterinary Student Research Program, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
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26
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Nanamiya R, Suzuki H, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Development of an Anti-EphB4 Monoclonal Antibody for Multiple Applications Against Breast Cancers. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2023; 42:166-177. [PMID: 37824755 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2023.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma (Eph) receptors are the largest receptor tyrosine kinase family. EphB4 is essential for cell adhesion and motility during embryogenesis. Pathologically, EphB4 is overexpressed and contributes to poor prognosis in various tumors. Therefore, specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) should be developed to predict the prognosis for multiple tumors with high EphB4 expression, including breast and gastric cancers. This study aimed to develop specific anti-EphB4 mAbs for multiple applications using the Cell-Based Immunization and Screening method. EphB4-overexpressed Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 (CHO/EphB4) cells were immunized into mice, and we established an anti-EphB4 mAb (clone B4Mab-7), which is applicable for flow cytometry, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). B4Mab-7 reacted with endogenous EphB4-positive breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, but did not react with EphB4-knockout MCF-7 (BINDS-52) in flow cytometry. Dissociation constant (KD) values were determined to be 2.9 × 10-9 M and 1.3 × 10-9 M by flow cytometric analysis for CHO/EphB4 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. B4Mab-7 detected the EphB4 protein bands from breast cancer cells in Western blot, and stained breast cancer tissues in IHC. Altogether, B4Mab-7 is very useful for detecting EphB4 in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Nanamiya
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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27
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Gu D, Liu H, Qiu X, Yu Y, Tang X, Liu C, Miao L. Erythropoietin induces odontoblastic differentiation of human-derived pulp stem cells via EphB4-Mediated MAPK signaling pathway. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2816-2826. [PMID: 36577689 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human-derived pulp stem cells play key roles during dentinogenesis. Erythropoietin is reportedly involved in osteoblastogenesis and facilitates bone formation. However, the mechanism is still unknown. This research was to study the potential of erythropoietin in enhancing odontoblastic differentiation of human-derived pulp stem cells and to determine the underlying mechanism. METHODS The human-derived pulp stem cells were treated with erythropoietin, EphB4 inhibitor, and MAPK inhibitors, and the odontoblastic differentiation was measured by ALP staining, ALP activity assay, alizarin red S staining, and their quantitative analysis, and RT-qPCR of DSPP, DMP1, OCN, and RUNX2. The direct pulp capping model was established to evaluate the formation of tertiary dentin after treatment with erythropoietin. Western blot assay was conducted to assess relevant protein expressions in the phosphorylated EphB4 and MAPK pathway. RESULTS The results showed that erythropoietin promoted odontoblastic differentiation of human-derived pulp stem cells at 20 U/ml. Erythropoietin induced tertiary dentin formation in vivo. The potential mechanism of this was upregulating phosphorylated EphB4 and phosphorylated MAPK; furthermore, this effect could be decreased by EphB4 inhibitors, which inhibited MAPK phosphorylation. Blockage of MAPK pathways attenuated human-derived pulp stem cells' odontoblastic differentiation, suggesting that MAPK pathways are involved. CONCLUSION Erythropoietin induced tertiary dentin formation in vivo. And erythropoietin enhanced human-derived pulp stem cells' odontoblastic differentiation via the EphB4-mediated MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deao Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanxiao Liu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Zhengzhou Stomatology Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Qiu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijun Yu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuna Tang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leiying Miao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Kim Y, Ahmed S, Miller WT. Colorectal cancer-associated mutations impair EphB1 kinase function. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105115. [PMID: 37527777 PMCID: PMC10463257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin-producing hepatoma (Eph) receptor tyrosine kinases regulate the migration and adhesion of cells that are required for many developmental processes and adult tissue homeostasis. In the intestinal epithelium, Eph signaling controls the positioning of cell types along the crypt-villus axis. Eph activity can suppress the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). The most frequently mutated Eph receptor in metastatic CRC is EphB1. However, the functional effects of EphB1 mutations are mostly unknown. We expressed and purified the kinase domains of WT and five cancer-associated mutant EphB1 and developed assays to assess the functional effects of the mutations. Using purified proteins, we determined that CRC-associated mutations reduce the activity and stability of the folded structure of EphB1. By mammalian cell expression, we determined that CRC-associated mutant EphB1 receptors inhibit signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 signaling. In contrast to the WT, the mutant EphB1 receptors are unable to suppress the migration of human CRC cells. The CRC-associated mutations also impair cell compartmentalization in an assay in which EphB1-expressing cells are cocultured with ligand (ephrin B1)-expressing cells. These results suggest that somatic mutations impair the kinase-dependent tumor suppressor function of EphB1 in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyoung Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Sultan Ahmed
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - W Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA.
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29
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Vish KJ, Stiegler AL, Boggon TJ. Diverse p120RasGAP interactions with doubly phosphorylated partners EphB4, p190RhoGAP, and Dok1. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105098. [PMID: 37507023 PMCID: PMC10470053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
RasGAP (p120RasGAP), the founding member of the GTPase-activating protein (GAP) family, is one of only nine human proteins to contain two SH2 domains and is essential for proper vascular development. Despite its importance, its interactions with key binding partners remains unclear. In this study we provide a detailed viewpoint of RasGAP recruitment to various binding partners and assess their impact on RasGAP activity. We reveal the RasGAP SH2 domains generate distinct binding interactions with three well-known doubly phosphorylated binding partners: p190RhoGAP, Dok1, and EphB4. Affinity measurements demonstrate a 100-fold weakened affinity for RasGAP-EphB4 binding compared to RasGAP-p190RhoGAP or RasGAP-Dok1 binding, possibly driven by single versus dual SH2 domain engagement with a dominant N-terminal SH2 interaction. Small-angle X-ray scattering reveals conformational differences between RasGAP-EphB4 binding and RasGAP-p190RhoGAP binding. Importantly, these interactions do not impact catalytic activity, implying RasGAP utilizes its SH2 domains to achieve diverse spatial-temporal regulation of Ras signaling in a previously unrecognized fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Vish
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amy L Stiegler
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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30
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Law J, Orbach SM, Weston BR, Steele PA, Rajagopalan P, Murali TM. Computational Construction of Toxicant Signaling Networks. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1267-1277. [PMID: 37471124 PMCID: PMC10445288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Humans and animals are regularly exposed to compounds that may have adverse effects on health. The Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) program was developed to use high throughput screening assays to quickly screen chemicals by measuring their effects on many biological end points. Many of these assays test for effects on cellular receptors and transcription factors (TFs), under the assumption that a toxicant may perturb normal signaling pathways in the cell. We hypothesized that we could reconstruct the intermediate proteins in these pathways that may be directly or indirectly affected by the toxicant, potentially revealing important physiological processes not yet tested for many chemicals. We integrate data from ToxCast with a human protein interactome to build toxicant signaling networks that contain physical and signaling protein interactions that may be affected as a result of toxicant exposure. To build these networks, we developed the EdgeLinker algorithm, which efficiently finds short paths in the interactome that connect the receptors to TFs for each toxicant. We performed multiple evaluations and found evidence suggesting that these signaling networks capture biologically relevant effects of toxicants. To aid in dissemination and interpretation, interactive visualizations of these networks are available at http://graphspace.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey
N. Law
- Interdisciplinary
Ph.D. Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Sophia M. Orbach
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Bronson R. Weston
- Interdisciplinary
Ph.D. Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Peter A. Steele
- Department
of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Padmavathy Rajagopalan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - T. M. Murali
- Department
of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Stergiou IE, Papadakos SP, Karyda A, Tsitsilonis OE, Dimopoulos MA, Theocharis S. EPH/Ephrin Signaling in Normal Hematopoiesis and Hematologic Malignancies: Deciphering Their Intricate Role and Unraveling Possible New Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3963. [PMID: 37568780 PMCID: PMC10417178 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptors (EPHs) represent the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). EPH interaction with ephrins, their membrane-bound ligands, holds a pivotal role in embryonic development, while, though less active, it is also implicated in various physiological functions during adult life. In normal hematopoiesis, different patterns of EPH/ephrin expression have been correlated with hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance and lineage-committed hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) differentiation, as well as with the functional properties of their mature offspring. Research in the field of hematologic malignancies has unveiled a rather complex involvement of the EPH/ephrinsignaling pathway in the pathophysiology of these neoplasms. Aberrations in genetic, epigenetic, and protein levels have been identified as possible players implicated both in tumor progression and suppression, while correlations have also been highlighted regarding prognosis and response to treatment. Initial efforts to therapeutically target the EPH/ephrin axis have been undertaken in the setting of hematologic neoplasia but are mainly confined to the preclinical level. To this end, deciphering the complexity of this signaling pathway both in normal and malignant hematopoiesis is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna E. Stergiou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Karyda
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Ourania E. Tsitsilonis
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
| | - Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (A.K.)
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Hanover G, Vizeacoumar FS, Banerjee SL, Nair R, Dahiya R, Osornio-Hernandez AI, Morales AM, Freywald T, Himanen JP, Toosi BM, Bisson N, Vizeacoumar FJ, Freywald A. Integration of cancer-related genetic landscape of Eph receptors and ephrins with proteomics identifies a crosstalk between EPHB6 and EGFR. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112670. [PMID: 37392382 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Eph receptors and their ephrin ligands are viewed as promising targets for cancer treatment; however, targeting them is hindered by their context-dependent functionalities. To circumvent this, we explore molecular landscapes underlying their pro- and anti-malignant activities. Using unbiased bioinformatics approaches, we construct a cancer-related network of genetic interactions (GIs) of all Ephs and ephrins to assist in their therapeutic manipulation. We also apply genetic screening and BioID proteomics and integrate them with machine learning approaches to select the most relevant GIs of one Eph receptor, EPHB6. This identifies a crosstalk between EPHB6 and EGFR, and further experiments confirm the ability of EPHB6 to modulate EGFR signaling, enhancing the proliferation of cancer cells and tumor development. Taken together, our observations show EPHB6 involvement in EGFR action, suggesting its targeting might be beneficial in EGFR-dependent tumors, and confirm that the Eph family genetic interactome presented here can be effectively exploited in developing cancer treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glinton Hanover
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Room 2841, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, GA20 Health Sciences, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Frederick S Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Room 2841, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Sara L Banerjee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, PROTEO and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Quebec-Université Laval, Division Oncologie, 9 Rue McMahon, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Raveena Nair
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Room 2841, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, GA20 Health Sciences, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Renuka Dahiya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Room 2841, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Ana I Osornio-Hernandez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, PROTEO and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Quebec-Université Laval, Division Oncologie, 9 Rue McMahon, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Alain Morejon Morales
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Room 2841, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, GA20 Health Sciences, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Tanya Freywald
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency and Division of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, 4D30.2 Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Juha P Himanen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Behzad M Toosi
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bisson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, PROTEO and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Quebec-Université Laval, Division Oncologie, 9 Rue McMahon, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.
| | - Franco J Vizeacoumar
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency and Division of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, 4D30.2 Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Room 2841, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada.
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Soliman E, Leonard J, Basso EK, Gershenson I, Ju J, Mills J, Jager C, Kaloss AM, Elhassanny M, Pereira D, Chen M, Wang X, Theus MH. Efferocytosis is restricted by axon guidance molecule EphA4 via ERK/Stat6/Mertk signaling following brain injury. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3079466. [PMID: 37461720 PMCID: PMC10350120 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3079466/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Efferocytosis is a process that removes apoptotic cells and cellular debris. Clearance of these cells alleviates neuroinflammation and prevents the release of inflammatory molecules and promotes the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines to help maintain tissue homeostasis. The underlying mechanisms by which this occurs in the brain after injury remains ill-defined. Methods We demonstrate using GFP bone marrow chimeric knockout (KO) mice, that the axon guidance molecule EphA4 receptor tyrosine kinase is involved in suppressing Mertk signaling in the brain to restrict the function of efferocytosis on resident microglia and peripheral-derived monocyte/macrophages. Results Single-cell RNAseq identified Mertk expression, the primary receptor involved in efferocytosis, on monocytes, microglia, and a subset of astrocytes in the damaged cortex following brain injury. Loss of EphA4 on infiltrating GFP-expressing immune cells improved functional outcome concomitant with enhanced efferocytosis, and overall protein expression of p-Mertk, p-ERK, and p-Stat6. The percentage of GFP+ monocyte/macrophages and resident microglia engulfing NeuN+ or TUNEL+ cells was significantly higher in KO chimeric mice. Importantly, mRNA expression of Mertk and its cognate ligand Gas6 was significantly elevated in these mice compared to wild-type. Analysis of cell-specific expression showed that p-ERK and p-Stat6 co-localized with Mertk-expressing GFP + cells in the peri-lesional area of the cortex following brain injury. Using an in vitro efferocytosis assay, co-culturing pHrodo-labeled apoptotic Jurkat cells and bone marrow (BM)-derived macrophages, we demonstrate that efferocytosis efficiency and mRNA expression of Mertk and Gas6 was enhanced in the absence of EphA4. Select inhibitors of ERK and Stat6 attenuated this effect confirming that EphA4 suppresses monocyte/macrophage efferocytosis via inhibition of the ERK/Stat6 pathway. Conclusions Our findings implicate the Mertk/ERK/Stat6 axis as a novel regulator of apoptotic debris clearance in brain injury that is restricted by peripheral myeloid-derived EphA4 to prevent the resolution of inflammation.
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Dorschel KB, Wanebo JE. Physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of the molecular and cellular biology of angiogenesis and inflammation in moyamoya angiopathy and related vascular diseases. Front Neurol 2023; 14:661611. [PMID: 37273690 PMCID: PMC10236939 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.661611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale The etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) remain largely unknown. MMA is a progressive, occlusive cerebrovascular disorder characterized by recurrent ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes; with compensatory formation of an abnormal network of perforating blood vessels that creates a collateral circulation; and by aberrant angiogenesis at the base of the brain. Imbalance of angiogenic and vasculogenic mechanisms has been proposed as a potential cause of MMA. Moyamoya vessels suggest that aberrant angiogenic, arteriogenic, and vasculogenic processes may be involved in the pathophysiology of MMA. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells have been hypothesized to contribute to vascular remodeling in MMA. MMA is associated with increased expression of angiogenic factors and proinflammatory molecules. Systemic inflammation may be related to MMA pathogenesis. Objective This literature review describes the molecular mechanisms associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction, aberrant angiogenesis, and inflammation in MMA and related cerebrovascular diseases along with treatment strategies and future research perspectives. Methods and results References were identified through a systematic computerized search of the medical literature from January 1, 1983, through July 29, 2022, using the PubMed, EMBASE, BIOSIS Previews, CNKI, ISI web of science, and Medline databases and various combinations of the keywords "moyamoya," "angiogenesis," "anastomotic network," "molecular mechanism," "physiology," "pathophysiology," "pathogenesis," "biomarker," "genetics," "signaling pathway," "blood-brain barrier," "endothelial progenitor cells," "endothelial function," "inflammation," "intracranial hemorrhage," and "stroke." Relevant articles and supplemental basic science articles almost exclusively published in English were included. Review of the reference lists of relevant publications for additional sources resulted in 350 publications which met the study inclusion criteria. Detection of growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines in MMA patients suggests the hypothesis of aberrant angiogenesis being involved in MMA pathogenesis. It remains to be ascertained whether these findings are consequences of MMA or are etiological factors of MMA. Conclusions MMA is a heterogeneous disorder, comprising various genotypes and phenotypes, with a complex pathophysiology. Additional research may advance our understanding of the pathophysiology involved in aberrant angiogenesis, arterial stenosis, and the formation of moyamoya collaterals and anastomotic networks. Future research will benefit from researching molecular pathophysiologic mechanisms and the correlation of clinical and basic research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten B. Dorschel
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John E. Wanebo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, HonorHealth Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
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Li Q, Li R, Zhu X, Chu X, An X, Chen M, Zhang L, Gao M, Chen L. EphA1 aggravates neuropathic pain by activating CXCR4/RhoA/ROCK2 pathway in mice. Hum Cell 2023:10.1007/s13577-023-00911-9. [PMID: 37162645 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a refractory disease with limited treatment options due to its complex mechanisms. Whereas erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte A1 (EphA1) mediates the production of inflammatory factors that are important in the progression of neurological diseases, its role and molecular mechanisms in neuropathic pain remain unclear. In the present study, we established a mouse model of chronic constriction injury (CCI). EphA1 expression was observed to be progressively upregulated at the mRNA and protein levels with the progression of the disease. Subsequently, knockdown of EphA1 expression levels using adenovirus short hairpin RNA (AAV-shEphA1) revealed an increase in mechanical stimulation withdrawal threshold (PWT) and withdrawal latency (PWL) when EphA1 expression was decreased, accompanied by improved dorsal root ganglion injury, increased leukocytosis, decreased microglia, and decreased levels of pro-inflammatory factors. For the underlying mechanism, it was found that EphA1 regulates the activity of the RhoA/ROCK2 pathway by modulating the level of CXCR4. Inhibition of CXCR4 and RhoA/ROCK2 could effectively alleviate the promoting effect of EphA1 upregulation on neuropathic pain. In conclusion, our study suggests that depletion of EphA1 ameliorates neuropathic pain by modulating the CXCR4/RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway, and targeting EphA1 may be a potential clinical treatment for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Rui Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaolei Chu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xiaoqiong An
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mingwei Gao
- Academy of the Society of Sport and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Long Chen
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Chu S, Yu T, Wang W, Wu H, Zhu F, Wei C, Gao F, Liu C, Fan H. Exosomes derived from EphB2-overexpressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells regulate immune balance and repair barrier function. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:601-617. [PMID: 37036605 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of intestinal barrier function and an imbalance in intestinal immunity are crucial for the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis. Because of their important roles in regulating inflammation and immunity, exosomes (Exos) released from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) may be useful for treating ulcerative colitis. The EphB/EphrinB signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the inflammatory process and the development and function of immune cells, and can mediate long-distance intercellular communication through extracellular vesicles. This study was conducted to explore the effects of pre-modified BMSC-Exos expressing EphB2 (EphB2-Exos) on immunoregulation in vitro. METHODS We transfected a lentivirus vector encoding EphB2 into BMSCs and isolated EphB2-Exos from the culture supernatant. Inflammation and oxidative damage in the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2) were induced by dextran sulfate sodium/hydrogen peroxide. In addition, spleen CD4+ T lymphocytes of rats were sorted in vitro. We conducted a series of experiments to explore the biological functions of EphB2-Exos. RESULTS EphB2-Exos were successfully isolated and were found to significantly protect the activity, proliferation, and migration of Caco-2 cells that were inhibited by dextran sulfate sodium. EphB2-Exos alleviated inflammation and apoptosis and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes while inhibiting oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. EphB2-Exos restored intestinal barrier function by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway and regulated the polarization of CD4+T cells. CONCLUSION EphB2-Exos enhanced intestinal barrier function and regulated the immune balance by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway in vitro. These findings suggest that EphB2-Exos can be applied as a cell-free therapy for ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenzhu Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chunzhu Wei
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Mahmud A, Avramescu RG, Niu Z, Flores C. Awakening the dormant: Role of axonal guidance cues in stress-induced reorganization of the adult prefrontal cortex leading to depression-like behavior. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1113023. [PMID: 37035502 PMCID: PMC10079902 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1113023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic and disabling disorder affecting roughly 280 million people worldwide. While multiple brain areas have been implicated, dysfunction of prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuitry has been consistently documented in MDD, as well as in animal models for stress-induced depression-like behavioral states. During brain development, axonal guidance cues organize neuronal wiring by directing axonal pathfinding and arborization, dendritic growth, and synapse formation. Guidance cue systems continue to be expressed in the adult brain and are emerging as important mediators of synaptic plasticity and fine-tuning of mature neural networks. Dysregulation or interference of guidance cues has been linked to depression-like behavioral abnormalities in rodents and MDD in humans. In this review, we focus on the emerging role of guidance cues in stress-induced changes in adult prefrontal cortex circuitry and in precipitating depression-like behaviors. We discuss how modulating axonal guidance cue systems could be a novel approach for precision medicine and the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Mahmud
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Zhipeng Niu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cecilia Flores
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Arpke RW, Moritz TC, Hahn KL, Stark DA, Villalón E, Lorson CL, Cornelison DDW. Normal muscle fiber type distribution is recapitulated in aged ephrin-A3 -/- mice that previously lacked most slow myofibers. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C718-C727. [PMID: 36717102 PMCID: PMC10027087 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00519.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Individual limb muscles have characteristic representation and spatial distribution of muscle fiber types (one slow and up to three fast isoforms) appropriate to their unique anatomical location and function. This distribution can be altered by physiological stimuli such as training (i.e., for increased endurance or force) or pathological conditions such as aging. Our group previously showed that ephrin-A3 is expressed only on slow myofibers, and that adult mice lacking ephrin-A3 have dramatically reduced numbers of slow myofibers due to postnatal innervation of previously slow myofibers by fast motor neurons. In this study, fiber type composition of hindlimb muscles of aged and denervated/reinnervated C57BL/6 and ephrin-A3-/- mice was analyzed to determine whether the loss of slow myofibers persists across the lifespan. Surprisingly, fiber-type composition of ephrin-A3-/- mouse muscles at two years of age was nearly indistinguishable from age-matched C57BL/6 mice. After challenge with nerve crush, the percentage of IIa and I/IIa hybrid myofibers increased significantly in aged ephrin-A3-/- mice. While EphA8, the receptor for ephrin-A3, is present at all neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) on fast fibers in 3-6 mo old C57BL/6 and ephrin-A3-/- mice, this exclusive localization is lost with aging, with EphA8 expression now found on a subset of NMJs on some slow muscle fibers. This return to appropriate fiber-type distribution given time and under use reinforces the role of activity in determining fiber-type representation and suggests that, rather than being a passive baseline, the developmentally and evolutionarily selected fiber type pattern may instead be actively reinforced by daily living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Arpke
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Timothy C. Moritz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Kevin L. Hahn
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Danny A. Stark
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Eric Villalón
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Christian L. Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - DDW Cornelison
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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39
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Li W, Wen L, Rathod B, Gingras AC, Ley K, Lee HS. Kindlin2 enables EphB/ephrinB bi-directional signaling to support vascular development. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201800. [PMID: 36574991 PMCID: PMC9795039 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct contact between cells expressing either ephrin ligands or Eph receptor tyrosine kinase produces diverse developmental responses. Transmembrane ephrinB ligands play active roles in transducing bi-directional signals downstream of EphB/ephrinB interaction. However, it has not been well understood how ephrinB relays transcellular signals to neighboring cells and what intracellular effectors are involved. Here, we report that kindlin2 can mediate bi-directional ephrinB signaling through binding to a highly conserved NIYY motif in the ephrinB2 cytoplasmic tail. We show this interaction is important for EphB/ephrinB-mediated integrin activation in mammalian cells and for blood vessel morphogenesis during zebrafish development. A mixed two-cell population study revealed that kindlin2 (in ephrinB2-expressing cells) modulates transcellular EphB4 activation by promoting ephrinB2 clustering. This mechanism is also operative for EphB2/ephrinB1, suggesting that kindlin2-mediated regulation is conserved for EphB/ephrinB signaling pathways. Together, these findings show that kindlin2 enables EphB4/ephrinB2 bi-directional signal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lai Wen
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bhavisha Rathod
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ho-Sup Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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40
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Ferrari FR, Giorgio C, Zappia A, Ballabeni V, Bertoni S, Barocelli E, Scalvini L, Galvani F, Mor M, Lodola A, Tognolini M. Pharmacological characterization of second generation FXR agonists as effective EphA2 antagonists: A successful application of target hopping approach. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115452. [PMID: 36792038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
It is well demonstrated the key role of Eph-ephrin system, specifically of EphA2 receptor, in supporting tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and neovascularization. We previously identified FXR agonists as eligible antagonists of Eph-ephrin system. Herein we characterize new commercially available FXR (Farnesoid X Receptor) agonists as potential Eph ligands including Cilofexor, Nidufexor, Tropifexor, Turofexorate isopropyl and Vonafexor. Our exploration based on molecular modelling investigations and binding assays shows that Cilofexor binds specifically and reversibly to EphA2 receptor with a Ki value in the low micromolar range. Furthermore, Cilofexor interferes with the phosphorylation of EphA2 and the cell retraction and rounding in PC3 prostate cancer cells, both events depending on EphA2 activation. In conclusion, we can confirm that target hopping can be a successful approach to discover new moiety of protein-protein inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Carmine Giorgio
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alfonso Zappia
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Vigilio Ballabeni
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Barocelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Galvani
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Tognolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Chen D, Van der Ent MA, Lartey NL, King PD. EPHB4-RASA1-Mediated Negative Regulation of Ras-MAPK Signaling in the Vasculature: Implications for the Treatment of EPHB4- and RASA1-Related Vascular Anomalies in Humans. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:165. [PMID: 37259315 PMCID: PMC9959185 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ephrin receptors constitute a large family of receptor tyrosine kinases in mammals that through interaction with cell surface-anchored ephrin ligands regulate multiple different cellular responses in numerous cell types and tissues. In the cardiovascular system, studies performed in vitro and in vivo have pointed to a critical role for Ephrin receptor B4 (EPHB4) as a regulator of blood and lymphatic vascular development and function. However, in this role, EPHB4 appears to act not as a classical growth factor receptor but instead functions to dampen the activation of the Ras-mitogen activated protein signaling (MAPK) pathway induced by other growth factor receptors in endothelial cells (EC). To inhibit the Ras-MAPK pathway, EPHB4 interacts functionally with Ras p21 protein activator 1 (RASA1) also known as p120 Ras GTPase-activating protein. Here, we review the evidence for an inhibitory role for an EPHB4-RASA1 interface in EC. We further discuss the mechanisms by which loss of EPHB4-RASA1 signaling in EC leads to blood and lymphatic vascular abnormalities in mice and the implications of these findings for an understanding of the pathogenesis of vascular anomalies in humans caused by mutations in EPHB4 and RASA1 genes. Last, we provide insights into possible means of drug therapy for EPHB4- and RASA1-related vascular anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philip D. King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Chen Z. Using Micropatterned Supported Lipid Bilayers to Probe the Mechanosensitivity of Signaling Receptors. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2600:283-289. [PMID: 36587104 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2851-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ligand-receptor complexes in the cell-cell and cell-ECM interfaces mediate the mechanical coupling of cells to their microenvironment and transduce downstream signals to modulate cell functions. In this chapter I describe a microfabrication strategy to prepare a substrate of spatially segregated supported lipid bilayers and ECM components on which cells can form juxtacrine receptor signaling complexes and integrin adhesions simultaneously. This platform is specifically applicable for microscopically monitoring the signal transduction of each receptor, as well as the modulatory effects of receptor signaling on integrin adhesions and cell behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Krasewicz J, Yu WM. Eph and ephrin signaling in the development of the central auditory system. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:10-26. [PMID: 35705527 PMCID: PMC9751234 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acoustic communication relies crucially on accurate interpretation of information about the intensity, frequency, timing, and location of diverse sound stimuli in the environment. To meet this demand, neurons along different levels of the auditory system form precisely organized neural circuits. The assembly of these precise circuits requires tight regulation and coordination of multiple developmental processes. Several groups of axon guidance molecules have proven critical in controlling these processes. Among them, the family of Eph receptors and their ephrin ligands emerge as one group of key players. They mediate diverse functions at multiple levels of the auditory pathway, including axon guidance and targeting, topographic map formation, as well as cell migration and tissue pattern formation. Here, we review our current knowledge of how Eph and ephrin molecules regulate different processes in the development and maturation of central auditory circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei-Ming Yu
- Correspondence: Wei-Ming Yu, Department of Biology, Loyola University of Chicago, 1032 W Sheridan Rd, LSB 226, Chicago, IL 60660, , Tel: +1-773-508-3325, Fax: +1-773-508-3646
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Wang L, Peng Q, Xie Y, Yin N, Xu J, Chen A, Yi J, Shi W, Tang J, Xiang J. Cell-cell contact-driven EphB1 cis- and trans- signalings regulate cancer stem cells enrichment after chemotherapy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:980. [PMID: 36402751 PMCID: PMC9675789 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactivation of chemotherapy-induced dormant cancer cells is the main cause of relapse and metastasis. The molecular mechanisms underlying remain to be elucidated. In this study, we introduced a cellular model that mimics the process of cisplatin responsiveness in NSCLC patients. We found that during the process of dormancy and reactivation induced by cisplatin, NSCLC cells underwent sequential EMT-MET with enrichment of cancer stem cells. The ATAC-seq combined with motif analysis revealed that OCT4-SOX2-TCF-NANOG motifs were associated with the enrichment of cancer stem cells induced by chemotherapy. Gene expression profiling suggested a dynamic regulatory mechanism during the process of enrichment of cancer stem cells, where Nanog showed upregulation in the dormant state and SOX2 showed upregulation in the reactivated state. Further, we showed that EphB1 and p-EphB1 showed dynamic expression in the process of cancer cell dormancy and reactivation, where the expression profiles of EphB1 and p-EphB1 showed negatively correlated. In the dormant EMT cells which showed disrupted cell-cell contacts, ligand-independent EphB1 promoted entry of lung cancer cells into dormancy through activating p-p38 and downregulating E-cadherin. On the contrary, in the state of MET, in which cell-cell adhesion was recovered, interactions of EphB1 and ligand EphrinB2 in trans promoted the stemness of cancer cells through upregulating Nanog and Sox2. In conclusion, lung cancer stem cells were enriched during the process of cellular response to chemotherapy. EphB1 cis- and trans- signalings function in the dormant and reactivated state of lung cancer cells respectively. It may provide a therapeutic strategy that target the evolution process of cancer cells induced by chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Wang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan PR China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu Peng
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan PR China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Yaohuan Xie
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan PR China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Na Yin
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan PR China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan PR China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Anqi Chen
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of thoracic surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Junqi Yi
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of thoracic surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Wenhua Shi
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan PR China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jingqun Tang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of thoracic surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Juanjuan Xiang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan PR China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
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Venkitachalam S, Babu D, Ravillah D, Katabathula RM, Joseph P, Singh S, Udhayakumar B, Miao Y, Martinez-Uribe O, Hogue JA, Kresak AM, Dawson D, LaFramboise T, Willis JE, Chak A, Garman KS, Blum AE, Varadan V, Guda K. The Ephrin B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Is a Regulator of Proto-oncogene MYC and Molecular Programs Central to Barrett's Neoplasia. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:1228-1241. [PMID: 35870513 PMCID: PMC9613614 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mechanisms contributing to the onset and progression of Barrett's (BE)-associated esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) remain elusive. Here, we interrogated the major signaling pathways deregulated early in the development of Barrett's neoplasia. METHODS Whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing analysis was performed in primary BE, EAC, normal esophageal squamous, and gastric biopsy tissues (n = 89). Select pathway components were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in an independent cohort of premalignant and malignant biopsy tissues (n = 885). Functional impact of selected pathway was interrogated using transcriptomic, proteomic, and pharmacogenetic analyses in mammalian esophageal organotypic and patient-derived BE/EAC cell line models, in vitro and/or in vivo. RESULTS The vast majority of primary BE/EAC tissues and cell line models showed hyperactivation of EphB2 signaling. Transcriptomic/proteomic analyses identified EphB2 as an endogenous binding partner of MYC binding protein 2, and an upstream regulator of c-MYC. Knockdown of EphB2 significantly impeded the viability/proliferation of EAC and BE cells in vitro/in vivo. Activation of EphB2 in normal esophageal squamous 3-dimensional organotypes disrupted epithelial maturation and promoted columnar differentiation programs, notably including MYC. EphB2 and MYC showed selective induction in esophageal submucosal glands with acinar ductal metaplasia, and in a porcine model of BE-like esophageal submucosal gland spheroids. Clinically approved inhibitors of MEK, a protein kinase that regulates MYC, effectively suppressed EAC tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The EphB2 signaling is frequently hyperactivated across the BE-EAC continuum. EphB2 is an upstream regulator of MYC, and activation of EphB2-MYC axis likely precedes BE development. Targeting EphB2/MYC could be a promising therapeutic strategy for this often refractory and aggressive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Venkitachalam
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deepak Babu
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Durgadevi Ravillah
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ramachandra M Katabathula
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Peronne Joseph
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Salendra Singh
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Bhavatharini Udhayakumar
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yanling Miao
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Omar Martinez-Uribe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joyce A Hogue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Adam M Kresak
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dawn Dawson
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Thomas LaFramboise
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joseph E Willis
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Amitabh Chak
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Katherine S Garman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrew E Blum
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Gastroenterology, Northeast Ohio Veteran Affairs Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Vinay Varadan
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Kishore Guda
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Mapping the Universe of Eph Receptor and Ephrin Ligand Transcripts in Epithelial and Fiber Cells of the Eye Lens. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203291. [PMID: 36291158 PMCID: PMC9600312 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The eye lens is a transparent, ellipsoid organ in the anterior chamber of the eye that is required for fine focusing of light onto the retina to transmit a clear image. Cataracts, defined as any opacity in the lens, remains the leading cause of blindness in the world. Recent studies in humans and mice indicate that Eph–ephrin bidirectional signaling is important for maintaining lens transparency. Specifically, mutations and polymorphisms in the EphA2 receptor and the ephrin-A5 ligand have been linked to congenital and age-related cataracts. It is unclear what other variants of Ephs and ephrins are expressed in the lens or whether there is preferential expression in epithelial vs. fiber cells. We performed a detailed analysis of Eph receptor and ephrin ligand mRNA transcripts in whole mouse lenses, epithelial cell fractions, and fiber cell fractions using a new RNA isolation method. We compared control samples with EphA2 knockout (KO) and ephrin-A5 KO samples. Our results revealed the presence of transcripts for 12 out of 14 Eph receptors and 8 out of 8 ephrin ligands in various fractions of lens cells. Using specific primer sets, RT-PCR, and sequencing, we verified the variant of each gene that is expressed, and we found two epithelial-cell-specific genes. Surprisingly, we also identified one Eph receptor variant that is expressed in KO lens fibers but is absent from control lens fibers. We also identified one low expression ephrin variant that is only expressed in ephrin-A5 control samples. These results indicate that the lens expresses almost all Ephs and ephrins, and there may be many receptor–ligand pairs that play a role in lens homeostasis.
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Li YC, Yamaguchi H, Liu YY, Hsu KC, Sun TH, Sun PC, Hung MC. Structural insights into EphA4 unconventional activation from prediction of the EphA4 and its complex with ribonuclease 1. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4865-4878. [PMID: 36381327 PMCID: PMC9641407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that several ribonuclease (RNase) A superfamily proteins serve as ligands of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), representing a new concept for ligand/receptor interaction. Moreover, recent studies indicate high clinical values for this type of ligand/RTK interactions. However, there is no structural report for this new family of ligand/receptor. In an attempt to understand how RNase and RTK may interact, we focused on the RNase1/ephrin type-A receptor 4 (EphA4) complex and predicted their structure by using the state-of-the-art machine learning method, AlphaFold and its derivative method, AF2Complex. In this model, electrostatic force plays an essential role for the specific ligand/receptor interaction. We found the R39 of RNase1 is the key residue for EphA4-binding and activation. Mutation on this residue causes disruption of an essential basic patch, resulting in weaker ligand-receptor association and leading to the loss of activation. By comparing the surface charge distribution of the RNase A superfamily, we found the positively charged residues on the RNase1 surface is more accessible for EphA4 forming salt bridges than other RNases. Furthermore, RNase1 binds to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of EphA4, which is responsible for the traditional ligand ephrin-binding. Our model reveals the location of RNase1 on EphA4 partially overlaps with that of ephrin-A5, a traditional ligand of EphA4, suggesting steric hindrance as the basis by which the ephrin-A5 precludes interactions of RNase1 with EphA4. Together, our discovery of RNase1/EphA4 interface provides a potential treatment strategy by blocking the RNase1-EphA4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chuan Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yi Liu
- Department of Public Health, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of EducationChanghua, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Medical Diagnosis, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Sun
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Medical Diagnosis, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Sun
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
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Shaker OG, Ayeldeen G, Abdelhamid AM. Circulating microRNA-944 and its target gene EPHA7 as a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1181-1187. [PMID: 32421395 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1762658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have critical roles in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis and development. It has been reported that Eph receptor A7 (EphA7) was a potential target of miR-944 which is transcriptionally activated in cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the expression profile of miR-944 and its target gene EPHA7 in the serum of Egyptian CRC patients. 150 CRC patients, 50 adenomatous polyps (AP) patients, and 100 healthy controls were included. Serum miR-944 was downregulated (0.304 ± 0.0512) while serum EPHA7 was upregulated (3.163 ± 0.610) in CRC and AP patients versus controls and discriminated aganst these groups by Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. miR-944 presented the highest diagnostic accuracy for CRC patients from control (AUC = 0.90). Moreover obvious prognostic power in distinguishing AP from CRC (AUC = 0.87). In conclusion, miR-944 and EPHA7 are potential genetic markers of CRC predisposition and novel potential non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfat G Shaker
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada Ayeldeen
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr M Abdelhamid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, Egypt
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Hunting for Novel Routes in Anticancer Drug Discovery: Peptides against Sam-Sam Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810397. [PMID: 36142306 PMCID: PMC9499636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the diverse protein binding modules, Sam (Sterile alpha motif) domains attract attention due to their versatility. They are present in different organisms and play many functions in physiological and pathological processes by binding multiple partners. The EphA2 receptor contains a Sam domain at the C-terminus (EphA2-Sam) that is able to engage protein regulators of receptor stability (including the lipid phosphatase Ship2 and the adaptor Odin). Ship2 and Odin are recruited by EphA2-Sam through heterotypic Sam-Sam interactions. Ship2 decreases EphA2 endocytosis and consequent degradation, producing chiefly pro-oncogenic outcomes in a cellular milieu. Odin, through its Sam domains, contributes to receptor stability by possibly interfering with ubiquitination. As EphA2 is upregulated in many types of tumors, peptide inhibitors of Sam-Sam interactions by hindering receptor stability could function as anticancer therapeutics. This review describes EphA2-Sam and its interactome from a structural and functional perspective. The diverse design strategies that have thus far been employed to obtain peptides targeting EphA2-mediated Sam-Sam interactions are summarized as well. The generated peptides represent good initial lead compounds, but surely many efforts need to be devoted in the close future to improve interaction affinities towards Sam domains and consequently validate their anticancer properties.
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Wirth D, Paul MD, Pasquale EB, Hristova K. Direct quantification of ligand-induced lipid and protein microdomains with distinctive signaling properties. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2022; 4:e202200011. [PMID: 36337751 PMCID: PMC9634703 DOI: 10.1002/syst.202200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are ordered lipid domains that are enriched in saturated lipids, such as the ganglioside GM1. While lipid rafts are believed to exist in cells and to serve as signaling platforms through their enrichment in signaling components, they have not been directly observed in the plasma membrane without treatments that artificially cluster GM1 into large lattices. Here, we report that microscopic GM1-enriched domains can form, in the plasma membrane of live mammalian cells expressing the EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase in response to its ligand ephrinA1-Fc. The GM1-enriched microdomains form concomitantly with EphA2-enriched microdomains. To gain insight into how plasma membrane heterogeneity controls signaling, we quantify the degree of EphA2 segregation and study initial EphA2 signaling steps in both EphA2-enriched and EphA2-depleted domains. By measuring dissociation constants, we demonstrate that the propensity of EphA2 to oligomerize is similar in EphA2-enriched and -depleted domains. However, surprisingly, EphA2 interacts preferentially with its downstream effector SRC in EphA2-depleted domains. The ability to induce microscopic GM1-enriched domains in live cells using a ligand for a transmembrane receptor will give us unprecedented opportunities to study the biophysical chemistry of lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wirth
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Michael D. Paul
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Elena B. Pasquale
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218
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