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Kwok CHT, Harding EK, Burma NE, Markovic T, Massaly N, van den Hoogen NJ, Stokes-Heck S, Gambeta E, Komarek K, Yoon HJ, Navis KE, McAllister BB, Canet-Pons J, Fan C, Dalgarno R, Gorobets E, Papatzimas JW, Zhang Z, Kohro Y, Anderson CL, Thompson RJ, Derksen DJ, Morón JA, Zamponi GW, Trang T. Pannexin-1 channel inhibition alleviates opioid withdrawal in rodents by modulating locus coeruleus to spinal cord circuitry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6264. [PMID: 39048565 PMCID: PMC11269731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioid withdrawal is a liability of chronic opioid use and misuse, impacting people who use prescription or illicit opioids. Hyperactive autonomic output underlies many of the aversive withdrawal symptoms that make it difficult to discontinue chronic opioid use. The locus coeruleus (LC) is an important autonomic centre within the brain with a poorly defined role in opioid withdrawal. We show here that pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels expressed on microglia critically modulate LC activity during opioid withdrawal. Within the LC, we found that spinally projecting tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons (LCspinal) are hyperexcitable during morphine withdrawal, elevating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of norepinephrine. Pharmacological and chemogenetic silencing of LCspinal neurons or genetic ablation of Panx1 in microglia blunted CSF NE release, reduced LC neuron hyperexcitability, and concomitantly decreased opioid withdrawal behaviours in mice. Using probenecid as an initial lead compound, we designed a compound (EG-2184) with greater potency in blocking Panx1. Treatment with EG-2184 significantly reduced both the physical signs and conditioned place aversion caused by opioid withdrawal in mice, as well as suppressed cue-induced reinstatement of opioid seeking in rats. Together, these findings demonstrate that microglial Panx1 channels modulate LC noradrenergic circuitry during opioid withdrawal and reinstatement. Blocking Panx1 to dampen LC hyperexcitability may therefore provide a therapeutic strategy for alleviating the physical and aversive components of opioid withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie H T Kwok
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Erika K Harding
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nicole E Burma
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tamara Markovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University Pain Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicolas Massaly
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University Pain Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nynke J van den Hoogen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sierra Stokes-Heck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eder Gambeta
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kristina Komarek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hye Jean Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University Pain Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen E Navis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brendan B McAllister
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Julia Canet-Pons
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Churmy Fan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rebecca Dalgarno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Evgueni Gorobets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Zizhen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yuta Kohro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Connor L Anderson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Roger J Thompson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Darren J Derksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jose A Morón
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University Pain Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tuan Trang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Kuhn BN, Cannella N, Chitre AS, Nguyen KMH, Cohen K, Chen D, Peng B, Ziegler KS, Lin B, Johnson BB, Missfeldt Sanches T, Crow AD, Lunerti V, Gupta A, Dereschewitz E, Soverchia L, Hopkins JL, Roberts AT, Ubaldi M, Abdulmalek S, Kinen A, Hardiman G, Chung D, Polesskaya O, Solberg Woods LC, Ciccocioppo R, Kalivas PW, Palmer AA. Genome-wide association study reveals multiple loci for nociception and opioid consumption behaviors associated with heroin vulnerability in outbred rats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.27.582340. [PMID: 38712202 PMCID: PMC11071306 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The increased prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) makes it imperative to disentangle the biological mechanisms contributing to individual differences in OUD vulnerability. OUD shows strong heritability, however genetic variants contributing toward vulnerability remain poorly defined. We performed a genome-wide association study using over 850 male and female heterogeneous stock (HS) rats to identify genes underlying behaviors associated with OUD such as nociception, as well as heroin-taking, extinction and seeking behaviors. By using an animal model of OUD, we were able to identify genetic variants associated with distinct OUD behaviors while maintaining a uniform environment, an experimental design not easily achieved in humans. Furthermore, we used a novel non-linear network-based clustering approach to characterize rats based on OUD vulnerability to assess genetic variants associated with OUD susceptibility. Our findings confirm the heritability of several OUD-like behaviors, including OUD susceptibility. Additionally, several genetic variants associated with nociceptive threshold prior to heroin experience, heroin consumption, escalation of intake, and motivation to obtain heroin were identified. Tom1 , a microglial component, was implicated for nociception. Several genes involved in dopaminergic signaling, neuroplasticity and substance use disorders, including Brwd1 , Pcp4, Phb1l2 and Mmp15 were implicated for the heroin traits. Additionally, an OUD vulnerable phenotype was associated with genetic variants for consumption and break point, suggesting a specific genetic contribution for OUD-like traits contributing to vulnerability. Together, these findings identify novel genetic markers related to the susceptibility to OUD-relevant behaviors in HS rats.
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Simon RC, Fleming WT, Senthilkumar P, Briones BA, Ishii KK, Hjort MM, Martin MM, Hashikawa K, Sanders AD, Golden SA, Stuber GD. Opioid-driven disruption of the septal complex reveals a role for neurotensin-expressing neurons in withdrawal. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.15.575766. [PMID: 38293241 PMCID: PMC10827099 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.15.575766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Because opioid withdrawal is an intensely aversive experience, persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) often relapse to avoid it. The lateral septum (LS) is a forebrain structure that is important in aversion processing, and previous studies have linked the lateral septum (LS) to substance use disorders. It is unclear, however, which precise LS cell types might contribute to the maladaptive state of withdrawal. To address this, we used single-nucleus RNA-sequencing to interrogate cell type specific gene expression changes induced by chronic morphine and withdrawal. We discovered that morphine globally disrupted the transcriptional profile of LS cell types, but Neurotensin-expressing neurons (Nts; LS-Nts neurons) were selectively activated by naloxone. Using two-photon calcium imaging and ex vivo electrophysiology, we next demonstrate that LS-Nts neurons receive enhanced glutamatergic drive in morphine-dependent mice and remain hyperactivated during opioid withdrawal. Finally, we showed that activating and silencing LS-Nts neurons during opioid withdrawal regulates pain coping behaviors and sociability. Together, these results suggest that LS-Nts neurons are a key neural substrate involved in opioid withdrawal and establish the LS as a crucial regulator of adaptive behaviors, specifically pertaining to OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiana C. Simon
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Weston T. Fleming
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Pranav Senthilkumar
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Brandy A. Briones
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kentaro K. Ishii
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Madelyn M. Hjort
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Madison M. Martin
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Koichi Hashikawa
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Andrea D. Sanders
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sam A. Golden
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Garret D. Stuber
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion (NAPE), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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4
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Caffrey A, Lavecchia E, Merkel R, Zhang Y, Chichura KS, Hayes MR, Doyle RP, Schmidt HD. PYY 3-36 infused systemically or directly into the VTA attenuates fentanyl seeking in male rats. Neuropharmacology 2023; 239:109686. [PMID: 37572954 PMCID: PMC10528880 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
More effective treatments for fentanyl use disorder are urgently needed. An emerging literature indicates that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists attenuate voluntary opioid taking and seeking in rodents. However, GLP-1R agonists produce adverse malaise-like effects that may limit patient compliance. Recently, we developed a dual agonist of GLP-1Rs and neuropeptide Y2 receptors (Y2Rs) that attenuates fentanyl taking and seeking at doses that do not produce malaise-like effects in opioid-experienced rats. Whether activating Y2Rs alone is sufficient to reduce opioid taking and seeking, however, is not known. Here, we investigated the efficacy of the Y2R ligand PYY3-36 to reduce fentanyl self-administration and the reinstatement of fentanyl-seeking behavior, a model of relapse in humans. Male rats were allowed to self-administer fentanyl (2.5 μg/kg, i.v.) for 21 days on a fixed-ratio 5 (FR5) schedule of reinforcement. Rats were then pretreated with vehicle or PYY3-36 (50 μg/kg s.c.; 0.1 and 1.0 μg/100 nL intra-VTA) prior to fentanyl self-administration test sessions. There were no effects of systemic or intra-VTA PYY3-36 on intravenous fentanyl self-administration. Opioid taking was then extinguished. Prior to subsequent reinstatement test sessions, rats were pretreated with vehicle or PYY3-36 (50 μg/kg s.c.; 0.1 and 1.0 μg/100 nL intra-VTA). Both systemic and intra-VTA administration of PYY3-36 attenuated fentanyl reinstatement in male rats at doses that did not affect food intake or produce adverse malaise-like effects. These findings indicate that Y2R agonism alone is sufficient to decrease fentanyl-seeking behavior during abstinence in opioid-experienced rats and further support strategies aimed at targeting Y2Rs for treating opioid use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caffrey
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - E Lavecchia
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - R Merkel
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - K S Chichura
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, NY, 13244, USA
| | - M R Hayes
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - R P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, NY, 13244, USA; Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - H D Schmidt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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5
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Ruggiero E, Pambuku A, Caccese M, Lombardi G, Gallio I, Brunello A, Ceccato F, Formaglio F. Case report: The lesson from opioid withdrawal symptoms mimicking paraganglioma recurrence during opioid deprescribing in cancer pain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1256809. [PMID: 37810433 PMCID: PMC10556467 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1256809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is one of the predominant and troublesome symptoms that burden cancer patients during their whole disease trajectory: adequate pain management is a fundamental component of cancer care. Opioid are the cornerstone of cancer pain relief therapy and their skillful management must be owned by physicians approaching cancer pain patients. In light of the increased survival of cancer patients due to advances in therapy, deprescription should be considered as a part of the opioid prescribing regime, from therapy initiation, dose titration, and changing or adding drugs, to switching or ceasing. In clinical practice, opioid tapering after pain remission could be challenging due to withdrawal symptoms' onset. Animal models and observations in patients with opioid addiction suggested that somatic and motivational symptoms accompanying opioid withdrawal are secondary to the activation of stress-related process (mainly cortisol and catecholamines mediated). In this narrative review, we highlight how the lack of validated guidelines and tools for cancer patients can lead to a lower diagnostic awareness of opioid-related disorders, increasing the risk of developing withdrawal symptoms. We also described an experience-based approach to opioid withdrawal, starting from a case-report of a symptomatic patient with a history of metastatic pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ruggiero
- Pain Therapy and Palliative Care with Hospice Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Ardi Pambuku
- Pain Therapy and Palliative Care with Hospice Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Caccese
- Department of Oncology, Oncology Unit 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lombardi
- Department of Oncology, Oncology Unit 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Ivan Gallio
- Pain Therapy and Palliative Care with Hospice Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonella Brunello
- Department of Oncology, Oncology Unit 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Ceccato
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Endocrine Disease Unit, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Formaglio
- Pain Therapy and Palliative Care with Hospice Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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6
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Farahani F, Pachenari N, Mohammad Ahmadi-Soleimani S, Azizi H, Semnanian S. Acute morphine injection persistently affects the electrophysiological characteristics of rat locus coeruleus neurons. Neurosci Lett 2023; 795:137048. [PMID: 36603738 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Administration of morphine is associated with critical complications in clinic which primarily includes the development of dependence and tolerance even following a single dose (acute) exposure. Behavioral and electrophysiological studies support the significant role of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons in tolerance and dependence following chronic morphine exposure. The current study was designed to explore the electrophysiological properties of the LC neurons following acute morphine exposure. In-vitro whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed in LC neurons 24 h after intraperitoneal morphine injection. Acute morphine injection significantly decreased the spontaneous firing rate of LC neurons, the rising and decay slopes of action potentials, and consequently increased the action potential duration. In addition, morphine treatment did not alter the rheobase current and first spike latency while affected the inhibitory postsynaptic currents elicited in response to orexin-A. In fact, single morphine exposure could inhibit the disinhibitory effect of orexin-A on LC neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farahani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Pachenari
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - S Mohammad Ahmadi-Soleimani
- Deparment of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Semnanian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Martins-Oliveira M, Akerman S, Holland PR, Tavares I, Goadsby PJ. Pharmacological modulation of ventral tegmental area neurons elicits changes in trigeminovascular sensory processing and is accompanied by glycemic changes: Implications for migraine. Cephalalgia 2022; 42:1359-1374. [PMID: 36259130 DOI: 10.1177/03331024221110111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imaging migraine premonitory studies show increased midbrain activation consistent with the ventral tegmental area, an area involved in pain modulation and hedonic feeding. We investigated ventral tegmental area pharmacological modulation effects on trigeminovascular processing and consequent glycemic levels, which could be involved in appetite changes in susceptible migraine patients. METHODS Serotonin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptors immunohistochemistry was performed in ventral tegmental area parabrachial pigmented nucleus of male Sprague Dawley rats. In vivo trigeminocervical complex neuronal responses to dura mater nociceptive electrical stimulation, and facial mechanical stimulation of the ophthalmic dermatome were recorded. Changes in trigeminocervical complex responses following ventral tegmental area parabrachial pigmented nucleus microinjection of glutamate, bicuculline, naratriptan, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 and quinpirole were measured, and blood glucose levels assessed pre- and post-microinjection. RESULTS Glutamatergic stimulation of ventral tegmental area parabrachial pigmented nucleus neurons reduced nociceptive and spontaneous trigeminocervical complex neuronal firing. Naratriptan, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 and quinpirole inhibited trigeminovascular spontaneous activity, and trigeminocervical complex neuronal responses to dural-evoked electrical and mechanical noxious stimulation. Trigeminovascular sensory processing through modulation of the ventral tegmental area parabrachial pigmented nucleus resulted in reduced circulating glucose levels. CONCLUSION Pharmacological modulation of ventral tegmental area parabrachial pigmented nucleus neurons elicits changes in trigeminovascular sensory processing. The interplay between ventral tegmental area parabrachial pigmented nucleus activity and the sensory processing by the trigeminovascular system may be relevant to understand associated sensory and homeostatic symptoms in susceptible migraine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Martins-Oliveira
- Headache Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Disease, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.,Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Simon Akerman
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip R Holland
- Headache Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Disease, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Isaura Tavares
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Peter J Goadsby
- Headache Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Disease, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA USA
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8
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Zhang J, Song C, Dai J, Li L, Yang X, Chen Z. Mechanism of opioid addiction and its intervention therapy: Focusing on the reward circuitry and mu-opioid receptor. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e148. [PMID: 35774845 PMCID: PMC9218544 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid abuse and addiction have become a global pandemic, posing tremendous health and social burdens. The rewarding effects and the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms are the two mainstays of opioid addiction. Mu-opioid receptors (MORs), a member of opioid receptors, play important roles in opioid addiction, mediating both the rewarding effects of opioids and opioid withdrawal syndrome (OWS). The underlying mechanism of MOR-mediated opioid rewarding effects and withdrawal syndrome is of vital importance to understand the nature of opioid addiction and also provides theoretical basis for targeting MORs to treat drug addiction. In this review, we first briefly introduce the basic concepts of MORs, including their structure, distribution in the nervous system, endogenous ligands, and functional characteristics. We focused on the brain circuitry and molecular mechanism of MORs-mediated opioid reward and withdrawal. The neuroanatomical and functional elements of the neural circuitry of the reward system underlying opioid addiction were thoroughly discussed, and the roles of MOR within the reward circuitry were also elaborated. Furthermore, we interrogated the roles of MORs in OWS, along with the structural basis and molecular adaptions of MORs-mediated withdrawal syndrome. Finally, current treatment strategies for opioid addiction targeting MORs were also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Jia Zhang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell BiologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chang‐Geng Song
- Department of NeurologyXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ji‐Min Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ling Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell BiologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xiang‐Min Yang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell BiologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhi‐Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell BiologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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9
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Liu J, Yang L, Li H, Cai Y, Feng J, Hu Z. Conditional ablation of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor U in midbrain dopaminergic neurons results in reduced neuronal size. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 124:102135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Downs AM, McElligott ZA. Noradrenergic circuits and signaling in substance use disorders. Neuropharmacology 2022; 208:108997. [PMID: 35176286 PMCID: PMC9498225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.108997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The central noradrenergic system innervates almost all regions of the brain and, as such, is well positioned to modulate many neural circuits implicated in behaviors and physiology underlying substance use disorders. Ample pharmacological evidence demonstrates that α1, α2, and β adrenergic receptors may serve as therapeutic targets to reduce drug -seeking behavior and drug withdrawal symptoms. Further, norepinephrine is a key modulator of the stress response, and stress has been heavily implicated in reinstatement of drug taking. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of noradrenergic circuitry and noradrenergic receptor signaling in the context of opioid, alcohol, and psychostimulant use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Downs
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Zoe A McElligott
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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11
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Martins CC, Rosa SG, Zborowski VA, Rodrigues RF, Maroneze A, Nogueira CW, Zeni G. Contribution of Opioid and Nitrergic Systems to m-Trifluoromethyl diphenyl Diselenide Attenuates Morphine-Induced Tolerance in Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:910-919. [PMID: 35319862 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
m-Trifluoromethyl diphenyl diselenide (TFDD) has antinociceptive and antidepressant-like properties and attenuates morphine withdrawal signs in mice. This study investigated if TFDD affects the development of morphine tolerance to its antinociceptive and antidepressant-like effects in mice. We also investigated whether TFDD modulates signaling pathways related to morphine tolerance, including the opioid receptors and some parameters of the nitrergic system. Male adult Swiss mice received morphine alone (5 mg/kg, subcutaneous) and in combination with TFDD (10 mg/kg, intragastric) for 7 days. Mice were subjected to hot plate and forced swim tests on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 of the experimental protocol. Repeated TFDD administrations avoided tolerance development mediated by morphine, including its antinociceptive and antidepressant-like effects. A single morphine dose increased MOR and NOx but decreased iNOS contents in the mouse cerebral cortex. In turn, single morphine and TFDD co-administration restored the MOR and iNOS protein levels. On the other hand, morphine repeated doses enhanced DOR and reduced MOR and NOx contents, whereas the morphine and TFDD association reestablished DOR and NOx levels in the mouse cerebral cortex. In conclusion, some opioid and nitrergic system parameters might contribute to TFDD attenuation of antinociceptive and antidepressant-like tolerance induced by morphine in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina C. Martins
- LASRAFTO, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Suzan G. Rosa
- LASRAFTO, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A. Zborowski
- LASRAFTO, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renata F. Rodrigues
- LASRAFTO, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adriano Maroneze
- LASRAFTO, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina W. Nogueira
- LASRAFTO, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gilson Zeni
- LASRAFTO, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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12
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McGregor R, Wu MF, Holmes B, Lam HA, Maidment NT, Gera J, Yamanaka A, Siegel JM. Hypocretin/Orexin Interactions with Norepinephrine Contribute to the Opiate Withdrawal Syndrome. J Neurosci 2022; 42:255-263. [PMID: 34853083 PMCID: PMC8802943 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1557-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that human heroin addicts and mice chronically exposed to morphine exhibit a significant increase in the number of detected hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt)-producing neurons. However, it remains unknown how this increase affects target areas of the hypocretin system involved in opioid withdrawal, including norepinephrine containing structures locus coeruleus (LC) and A1/A2 medullary regions. Using a combination of immunohistochemical, biochemical, imaging, and behavioral techniques, we now show that the increase in detected hypocretin cell number translates into a significant increase in hypocretin innervation and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels in the LC without affecting norepinephrine-containing neuronal cell number. We show that the increase in TH is completely dependent on Hcrt innervation. The A1/A2 regions were unaffected by morphine treatment. Manipulation of the Hcrt system may affect opioid addiction and withdrawal.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Previously, we have shown that the hypothalamic hypocretin system undergoes profound anatomic changes in human heroin addicts and in mice exposed to morphine, suggesting a role of this system in the development of addictive behaviors. The locus coeruleus plays a key role in opioid addiction. Here we report that the hypothalamic hypocretin innervation of the locus coeruleus increases dramatically with morphine administration to mice. This increase is correlated with a massive increase in tyrosine hydroxylase expression in locus coeruleus. Elimination of hypocretin neurons prevents the tyrosine hydroxylase increase in locus coeruleus and dampens the somatic and affective components of opioid withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald McGregor
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, Los Angeles, California 91343
| | - Ming-Fung Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, Los Angeles, California 91343
| | - Brent Holmes
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, Los Angeles, California 91343
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095
| | - Hoa Anh Lam
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Nigel T Maidment
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Joseph Gera
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, Los Angeles, California 91343
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095
- Jonnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Jerome M Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, Los Angeles, California 91343
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
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13
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Rivera A, Suárez-Boomgaard D, Miguelez C, Valderrama-Carvajal A, Baufreton J, Shumilov K, Taupignon A, Gago B, Real MÁ. Dopamine D 4 Receptor Is a Regulator of Morphine-Induced Plasticity in the Rat Dorsal Striatum. Cells 2021; 11:31. [PMID: 35011592 PMCID: PMC8750869 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposition to morphine elicits structural and synaptic plasticity in reward-related regions of the brain, playing a critical role in addiction. However, morphine-induced neuroadaptations in the dorsal striatum have been poorly studied despite its key function in drug-related habit learning. Here, we show that prolonged treatment with morphine triggered the retraction of the dendritic arbor and the loss of dendritic spines in the dorsal striatal projection neurons (MSNs). In an attempt to extend previous findings, we also explored whether the dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) could modulate striatal morphine-induced plasticity. The combined treatment of morphine with the D4R agonist PD168,077 produced an expansion of the MSNs dendritic arbors and restored dendritic spine density. At the electrophysiological level, PD168,077 in combination with morphine altered the electrical properties of the MSNs and decreased their excitability. Finally, results from the sustantia nigra showed that PD168,077 counteracted morphine-induced upregulation of μ opioid receptors (MOR) in striatonigral projections and downregulation of G protein-gated inward rectifier K+ channels (GIRK1 and GIRK2) in dopaminergic cells. The present results highlight the key function of D4R modulating morphine-induced plasticity in the dorsal striatum. Thus, D4R could represent a valuable pharmacological target for the safety use of morphine in pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rivera
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (D.S.-B.); (A.V.-C.); (K.S.); (M.Á.R.)
| | - Diana Suárez-Boomgaard
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (D.S.-B.); (A.V.-C.); (K.S.); (M.Á.R.)
| | - Cristina Miguelez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alejandra Valderrama-Carvajal
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (D.S.-B.); (A.V.-C.); (K.S.); (M.Á.R.)
| | - Jérôme Baufreton
- Institut des Maladies Neurodegeneratives, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (J.B.); (A.T.)
- Institut des Maladies Neurodegeneratives, CNRS, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Kirill Shumilov
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (D.S.-B.); (A.V.-C.); (K.S.); (M.Á.R.)
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anne Taupignon
- Institut des Maladies Neurodegeneratives, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (J.B.); (A.T.)
- Institut des Maladies Neurodegeneratives, CNRS, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Belén Gago
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - M. Ángeles Real
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (D.S.-B.); (A.V.-C.); (K.S.); (M.Á.R.)
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14
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Comparative study of dezocine, pentazocine and tapentadol on antinociception and physical dependence. Life Sci 2021; 285:119996. [PMID: 34597607 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dezocine and pentazocine, widely prescribed in China for postoperative pain, were initially considered as mixed agonist/antagonist targeting μ-opioid receptors (MORs) and κ-opioid receptors (KORs). However, dezocine has been revealed to alleviate chronic neuropathic pain through MOR activation and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition (NRI). This study investigated dezocine- and pentazocine-induced antinociception and physical dependence development, compared to the typical MOR-NRI opioid tapentadol. MAIN METHODS Calcium mobilization assay was conducted to assess the potency of the drugs while hot-plate test was performed to compare the antinociception. Physical dependence development was compared with morphine. KEY FINDINGS Treatment with dezocine, pentazocine and tapentadol stimulated calcium mobilization in HEK293 cells stably expressed MORs but not KORs, whereas dezocine and pentazocine inhibited KOR activities. Subcutaneously injected dezocine-, tapentadol- and pentazocine-induced antinociception dose-dependently, in hot-plate test. Intrathecally injected MOR antagonist CTAP, norepinephrine depletor 6-OHDA and α2-adrenoceptor (α2-AR) antagonist yohimbine partially antagonized dezocine, pentazocine and tapentadol antinociception. Whereas specific KOR antagonist GNTI did not alter their antinociception, the putative inverse KOR agonist nor-BNI reduced dezocine and pentazocine antinociception. Moreover, combined CTAP and 6-OHDA or yohimbine blocked dezocine and tapentadol antinociception but displayed the same partial inhibition on pentazocine antinociception as CTAP alone. Furthermore, compared to morphine and pentazocine, long-term treatment with dezocine and tapentadol produced much less physical dependence-related withdrawal signs, which were restored by spinal 6-OHDA or yohimbine treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings illustrated that dezocine and tapentadol, but not pentazocine, exert remarkable antinociception in nociceptive pain with less abuse liability via dual mechanisms of MOR activation and NRI.
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15
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Vassoler FM, Wimmer ME. Consequences of Parental Opioid Exposure on Neurophysiology, Behavior, and Health in the Next Generations. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:a040436. [PMID: 32601130 PMCID: PMC8485740 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Substance abuse and the ongoing opioid epidemic represents a large societal burden. This review will consider the long-term impact of opioid exposure on future generations. Prenatal, perinatal, and preconception exposure are reviewed with discussion of both maternal and paternal influences. Opioid exposure can have long-lasting effects on reproductive function, gametogenesis, and germline epigenetic programming, which can influence embryogenesis and alter the developmental trajectory of progeny. The potential mechanisms by which preconception maternal and paternal opioid exposure produce deleterious consequences on the health, behavior, and physiology of offspring that have been identified by clinical and animal studies will be discussed. The timing, nature, dosing, and duration of prenatal opioid exposure combined with other important environmental considerations influence the extent to which these manipulations affect parents and their progeny. Epigenetic inheritance refers to the transmission of environmental insults across generations via mechanisms independent of the DNA sequence. This topic will be further explored in the context of prenatal, perinatal, and preconception opioid exposure for both the maternal and paternal lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fair M Vassoler
- Tufts University, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA
| | - Mathieu E Wimmer
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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16
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Li X, Yeh CY, Bello NT. High-fat diet attenuates morphine withdrawal effects on sensory-evoked locus coeruleus norepinephrine neural activity in male obese rats. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2369-2378. [PMID: 34467832 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1968103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: These experiments sought to characterize the effects of obesity propensity and obesogenic diet on locus coeruleus (LC) norepinephrine (NE) activity and determine the effects of obesity on LC neural responses to morphine withdrawal.Methods: In vivo single-unit LC electrophysiological activity was measured in obese prone (OP) and obese resistant (OR) male SD rats following high-fat (HFD: 45% fat) or low-fat (LFD; 10% fat) feeding. A separate cohort of LFD and HFD rats underwent in vivo LC recording on day 3 of spontaneous morphine withdrawal following an escalation dose paradigm (5-15 mg/kg; SQ twice daily).Results: OP (LFD: 34 cells/7 rats; HFD: 32 cells/6 rats) had higher spontaneous and tonic activity, and lower sensory-evoked activity compared with OR (LFD: 31 cells/6 rats; HFD: 41 cells/7 rats). Interacting effect of diet x strain status was observed on signal-to-noise ratio with OR-LFD having higher ratio than OP-LFD and OP-HFD. Morphine treatment decreased body weights. Withdrawal increased sensory-evoked rate in LFD (morphine; 20 cells/10 rats; saline 24 cells/6 rats) but not HFD (saline: 22 cells/7 rats; morphine: 21 cells/5 rats) rats. In a separate group of age-matched SD rats, a similar weight loss (5-7%) in response to the morphine did not alter sensory-evoked rate but decreased signal-to-noise ratio (Control: 22 cells/8 rats; Weight-matched: 23 cells/8 rats).Discussion: Taken together, our findings suggest that obesity and diet alter the sensory-evoked LC-NE neural responses, which could have implication for emotional stress and opioid-withdrawal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Department of Animal Sciences, Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Chung-Yang Yeh
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nicholas T Bello
- Department of Animal Sciences, Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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17
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O'Brien JB, Roman DL. Novel treatments for chronic pain: moving beyond opioids. Transl Res 2021; 234:1-19. [PMID: 33727192 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is essential that safe and effective treatment options be available to patients suffering from chronic pain. The emergence of an opioid epidemic has shaped public opinions and created stigmas surrounding the use of opioids for the management of pain. This reality, coupled with high risk of adverse effects from chronic opioid use, has led chronic pain patients and their healthcare providers to utilize nonopioid treatment approaches. In this review, we will explore a number of cellular reorganizations that are associated with the development and progression of chronic pain. We will also discuss the safety and efficacy of opioid and nonopioid treatment options for chronic pain. Finally, we will review the evidence for adenylyl cyclase type 1 (AC1) as a novel target for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B O'Brien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - David L Roman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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18
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Carpenter MD, Manners MT, Heller EA, Blendy JA. Adolescent oxycodone exposure inhibits withdrawal-induced expression of genes associated with the dopamine transmission. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12994. [PMID: 33325096 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prescription opioid misuse is a major public health concern among children and adolescents in the United States. Opioids are the most commonly abused drugs and are the fastest growing drug problem among adolescents. In humans and animals, adolescence is a particularly sensitive period associated with an increased response to drugs of abuse. Our previous studies indicate that oxycodone exposure during adolescence increases morphine reward in adulthood. How early drug exposure mediates long-term changes in the brain and behavior is not known, but epigenetic regulation is a likely mechanism. To address this question, we exposed mice to oxycodone or saline during adolescence and examined epigenetic modifications at genes associated with dopamine activity during adulthood at early and late withdrawal, in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). We then compared these with alterations in the VTA of adult-treated mice following an equivalent duration of exposure and withdrawal to determine if the effects of oxycodone are age dependent. We observed persistence of adolescent-like gene expression following adolescent oxycodone exposure relative to age-matched saline exposed controls, although dopamine-related gene expression was transiently activated at 1 day of withdrawal. Following prolonged withdrawal enrichment of the repressive histone mark, H3K27me3, was maintained, consistent with inhibition of gene regulation following adolescent exposure. By contrast, mice exposed to oxycodone as adults showed loss of the repressive mark and increased gene expression following 28 days of withdrawal following oxycodone exposure. Together, our findings provide evidence that adolescent oxycodone exposure has long-term epigenetic consequences in VTA of the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco D. Carpenter
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Melissa T. Manners
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Biological Sciences University of the Sciences Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Heller
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Julie A. Blendy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
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Li Y, Bao Y, Zheng H, Qin Y, Hua B. Can Src protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors be combined with opioid analgesics? Src and opioid-induced tolerance, hyperalgesia and addiction. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111653. [PMID: 34243625 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of opioids may be accompanied by a series of adverse consequences, such as opioid tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, opioid dependence or addiction. In view of this issue, clinicians are faced with the dilemma of treating various types of pain with or without opioids. In this review, we discuss that Src protein tyrosine kinase plays an important role in these adverse consequences, and Src inhibitors can solve these problems well. Therefore, Src inhibitors have the potential to be used in combination with opioids to achieve synergy. How to combine them together to maximize the analgesic effect while avoiding unnecessary trouble provides a topic for follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyuan Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanju Bao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honggang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinggang Qin
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baojin Hua
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Co-administration of nalbuphine attenuates the morphine-induced anxiety and dopaminergic alterations in morphine-withdrawn rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:1193-1211. [PMID: 33655408 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The classical effects of exogenous opioids, such as morphine, are predominantly mediated through μ-opioid receptors. The chronic use of morphine induces anxiety-like behavior causing functional changes in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. The mixed μ/κ-agonist, nalbuphine, used either as an analgesic or as an adjuvant with morphine, produces different and opposite effects. However, whether nalbuphine can be used to antagonize morphine-induced anxiety and dopaminergic alterations is not fully known. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare acute and chronic effects of nalbuphine on morphine-induced anxiety and dopaminergic alterations in rats. METHODS Male adult Wistar albino rats were made opioid-dependent by administering increasing doses of morphine (5-25 mg/kg; i.p.; b.i.d.). Withdrawal was induced by naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.), 4 h after the last morphine injection. Anxiety-like behavior was measured using Activity Monitor (Coulbourn Instruments, Inc. USA). Thereafter, the animals were sacrificed and the brain dissected out and the level of cAMP and the transcriptional and translational expression of TH was measured. Nalbuphine was co-administered with morphine, acutely and chronically, at various doses (0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 mg/kg, i.p.). RESULTS Morphine-dependent rats showed a significant higher anxiety and cAMP levels and a significant decrease in the expression of TH. Co-administration of chronic doses of nalbuphine attenuates the higher anxiety, cAMP levels, and upregulates the TH expressions; however, the acute nalbuphine treatment does not attenuate the morphine-induced side effects. CONCLUSION Therefore, nalbuphine might have an important role in attenuating the anxiety and the effects of the dopaminergic pathway and may have potential in the treatment of opioid addiction.
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Therapeutic potential of targeting G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels in the central nervous system. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107808. [PMID: 33476640 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Kir3/GirK) are important for maintaining resting membrane potential, cell excitability and inhibitory neurotransmission. Coupled to numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), they mediate the effects of many neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and hormones contributing to the general homeostasis and particular synaptic plasticity processes, learning, memory and pain signaling. A growing number of behavioral and genetic studies suggest a critical role for the appropriate functioning of the central nervous system, as well as their involvement in many neurologic and psychiatric conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, mood disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, epilepsy, alcoholism and drug addiction. Hence, GirK channels emerge as a very promising tool to be targeted in the current scenario where these conditions already are or will become a global public health problem. This review examines recent findings on the physiology, function, dysfunction, and pharmacology of GirK channels in the central nervous system and highlights the relevance of GirK channels as a worthful potential target to improve therapies for related diseases.
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Thompson BL, Oscar-Berman M, Kaplan GB. Opioid-induced structural and functional plasticity of medium-spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 120:417-430. [PMID: 33152423 PMCID: PMC7855607 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is a chronic relapsing clinical condition with tremendous morbidity and mortality that frequently persists, despite treatment, due to an individual's underlying psychological, neurobiological, and genetic vulnerabilities. Evidence suggests that these vulnerabilities may have neurochemical, cellular, and molecular bases. Key neuroplastic events within the mesocorticolimbic system that emerge through chronic exposure to opioids may have a determinative influence on behavioral symptoms associated with OUD. In particular, structural and functional alterations in the dendritic spines of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and its dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are believed to facilitate these behavioral sequelae. Additionally, glutamatergic neurons from the prefrontal cortex, the basolateral amygdala, the hippocampus, and the thalamus project to these same MSNs, providing an enriched target for synaptic plasticity. Here, we review literature related to neuroadaptations in NAc MSNs from dopaminergic and glutamatergic pathways in OUD. We also describe new findings related to transcriptional, epigenetic, and molecular mechanisms in MSN plasticity in the different stages of OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Thompson
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA.
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, 80 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Gary B Kaplan
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Mental Health Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, 940 Belmont Street, Brockton, MA, 02301, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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23
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Galaj E, Xi ZX. Progress in opioid reward research: From a canonical two-neuron hypothesis to two neural circuits. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 200:173072. [PMID: 33227308 PMCID: PMC7796909 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Opioid abuse and related overdose deaths continue to rise in the United States, contributing to the national opioid crisis in the USA. The neural mechanisms underlying opioid abuse and addiction are still not fully understood. This review discusses recent progress in basic research dissecting receptor mechanisms and circuitries underlying opioid reward and addiction. We first review the canonical GABA-dopamine neuron hypothesis that was upheld for half a century, followed by major findings challenging this hypothesis. We then focus on recent progress in research evaluating the role of the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine circuitries in opioid reward and relapse. Based on recent findings that activation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) is equally rewarding and that GABA neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) and the substantia nigra pars reticula (SNr) are rich in mu opioid receptors and directly synapse onto midbrain DA neurons, we proposed that the RTMg→VTA → ventrostriatal and SNr → SNc → dorsostriatal pathways may act as the two major neural substrates underlying opioid reward and abuse. Lastly, we discuss possible integrations of these two pathways during initial opioid use, development of opioid abuse and maintenance of compulsive opioid seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Galaj
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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24
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Ahn S, Nesbit MO, Zou H, Vacca G, Axerio-Cilies P, Van Sung T, Phillips AG. Neural bases for attenuation of morphine withdrawal by Heantos-4: role of l-tetrahydropalmatine. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21275. [PMID: 33277581 PMCID: PMC7718916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe withdrawal symptoms triggered by cessation of long-term opioid use deter many individuals from seeking treatment. Opioid substitution and α2-adrenergic agonists are the current standard of pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder in western medicine; however, each is associated with significant complications. Heantos-4 is a non-opioid botanical formulation used to facilitate opioid detoxification in Vietnam. While ongoing clinical use continues to validate its safety and effectiveness, a mechanism of action accounting for these promising effects remains to be specified. Here, we assess the effects of Heantos-4 in a rat model of morphine-dependence and present evidence that alleviation of naloxone-precipitated somatic withdrawal signs is related to an upregulation of mesolimbic dopamine activity and a consequent reversal of a hypodopaminergic state in the nucleus accumbens, a brain region implicated in opioid withdrawal. A central dopaminergic mechanism is further supported by the identification of l-tetrahydropalmatine as a key active ingredient in Heantos-4, which crosses the blood–brain barrier and shows a therapeutic efficacy comparable to its parent formulation in attenuating withdrawal signs. The anti-hypodopaminergic effects of l-tetrahydropalmatine may be related to antagonism of the dopamine autoreceptor, thus constituting a plausible mechanism contributing to the effectiveness of Heantos-4 in facilitating opioid detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyon Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Maya O Nesbit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Haiyan Zou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Giada Vacca
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Peter Axerio-Cilies
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Tran Van Sung
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anthony G Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 2A1, Canada.
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25
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Srivastava AB, Mariani JJ, Levin FR. New directions in the treatment of opioid withdrawal. Lancet 2020; 395:1938-1948. [PMID: 32563380 PMCID: PMC7385662 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of opioid withdrawal is an important area of clinical concern when treating patients with chronic, non-cancer pain, patients with active opioid use disorder, and patients receiving medication for opioid use disorder. Current standards of care for medically supervised withdrawal include treatment with μ-opioid receptor agonists, (eg, methadone), partial agonists (eg, buprenorphine), and α2-adrenergic receptor agonists (eg, clonidine and lofexidine). Newer agents likewise exploit these pharmacological mechanisms, including tramadol (μ-opioid receptor agonism) and tizanidine (α2 agonism). Areas for future research include managing withdrawal in the context of stabilising patients with opioid use disorder to extended-release naltrexone, transitioning patients with opioid use disorder from methadone to buprenorphine, and tapering opioids in patients with chronic, non-cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Benjamin Srivastava
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - John J Mariani
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frances R Levin
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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26
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Llorca-Torralba M, Pilar-Cuéllar F, da Silva Borges G, Mico JA, Berrocoso E. Opioid receptors mRNAs expression and opioids agonist-dependent G-protein activation in the rat brain following neuropathy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 99:109857. [PMID: 31904442 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Potent opioid-based therapies are often unsuccessful in promoting satisfactory analgesia in neuropathic pain. Moreover, the side effects associated with opioid therapy are still manifested in neuropathy-like diseases, including tolerance, abuse, addiction and hyperalgesia, although the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. Studies in the spinal cord and periphery indicate that neuropathy alters the expression of mu-[MOP], delta-[DOP] or kappa-[KOP] opioid receptors, interfering with their activity. However, there is no consensus as to the supraspinal opioidergic modulation provoked by neuropathy, the structures where the sensory and affective-related pain components are processed. In this study we explored the effect of chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve (CCI) over 7 and 30 days (CCI-7d and CCI-30d, respectively) on MOP, DOP and KOP mRNAs expression, using in situ hybridization, and the efficacy of G-protein stimulation by DAMGO, DPDPE and U-69593 (MOP, DOP and KOP specific agonists, respectively), using [35S]GTPγS binding, within opioid-sensitive brain structures. After CCI-7d, CCI-30d or both, opioid receptor mRNAs expression was altered throughout the brain: MOP - in the paracentral/centrolateral thalamic nuclei, ventral posteromedial thalamic nuclei, superior olivary complex, parabrachial nucleus [PB] and posterodorsal tegmental nucleus; DOP - in the somatosensory cortex [SSC], ventral tegmental area, caudate putamen [CPu], nucleus accumbens [NAcc], raphe magnus [RMg] and PB; and KOP - in the locus coeruleus. Agonist-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding was altered following CCI: MOP - CPu and RMg; DOP - prefrontal cortex [PFC], SSC, RMg and NAcc; and KOP - PFC and SSC. Thus, this study shows that several opioidergic circuits in the brain are recruited and modified following neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Llorca-Torralba
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Fuencisla Pilar-Cuéllar
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (Universidad de Cantabria, CSIC, SODERCAN), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Juan A Mico
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
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27
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Baidoo N, Wolter M, Leri F. Opioid withdrawal and memory consolidation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 114:16-24. [PMID: 32294487 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that learning and memory are central to substance dependence. This paper specifically reviews the effect of opioid withdrawal on memory consolidation. Although there is evidence that opioid withdrawal can interfere with initial acquisition and retrieval of older memories, there are several reasons to postulate a facilitatory action on the consolidation of newly acquired memories. In fact, there is substantial evidence that memory consolidation is facilitated by the release of stress hormones, that it requires the activation of the amygdala, of central noradrenergic and cholinergic pathways, and that it involves long-term potentiation. This review highlights evidence that very similar neurobiological processes are involved in opioid withdrawal, and summarizes recent results indicating that naltrexone-precipitated withdrawal enhanced consolidation in rats. From this neurocognitive perspective, therefore, opioid use may escalate during the addiction cycle in part because memories of stimuli and actions experienced during withdrawal are strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Baidoo
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Wolter
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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28
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St Laurent R, Martinez Damonte V, Tsuda AC, Kauer JA. Periaqueductal Gray and Rostromedial Tegmental Inhibitory Afferents to VTA Have Distinct Synaptic Plasticity and Opiate Sensitivity. Neuron 2020; 106:624-636.e4. [PMID: 32191871 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a major target of addictive drugs and receives multiple GABAergic projections originating outside the VTA. We describe differences in synaptic plasticity and behavior when optogenetically driving two opiate-sensitive GABAergic inputs to the VTA, the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), and the periaqueductal gray (PAG). Activation of GABAergic RMTg terminals in the VTA in vivo is aversive, and low-frequency stimulation induces long-term depression in vitro. Low-frequency stimulation of PAG afferents in vitro unexpectedly causes long-term potentiation. Opioid receptor activation profoundly depresses PAG and RMTg inhibitory synapses but prevents synaptic plasticity only at PAG synapses. Activation of the GABAergic PAG terminals in the VTA promotes immobility, and optogenetically-driven immobility is blocked by morphine. Our data reveal the PAG as a source of highly opioid-sensitive GABAergic afferents and support the idea that different GABAergic pathways to the VTA control distinct behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn St Laurent
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Valentina Martinez Damonte
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Ayumi C Tsuda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Julie A Kauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035, USA.
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29
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Kvello AMS, Andersen JM, Boix F, Mørland J, Bogen IL. The role of 6-acetylmorphine in heroin-induced reward and locomotor sensitization in mice. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12727. [PMID: 30788879 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that heroin's first metabolite, 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM), is an important mediator of heroin's acute effects. However, the significance of 6-AM to the rewarding properties of heroin still remains unknown. The present study therefore aimed to examine the contribution of 6-AM to heroin-induced reward and locomotor sensitization. Mice were tested for conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by equimolar doses of heroin or 6-AM (1.25-5 μmol/kg). Psychomotor activity was recorded during the CPP conditioning sessions for assessment of drug-induced locomotor sensitization. The contribution of 6-AM to heroin reward and locomotor sensitization was further examined by pretreating mice with a 6-AM specific antibody (anti-6-AM mAb) 24 hours prior to the CPP procedure. Both heroin and 6-AM induced CPP in mice, but heroin generated twice as high CPP scores compared with 6-AM. Locomotor sensitization was expressed after repeated exposure to 2.5 and 5 μmol/kg heroin or 6-AM, but not after 1.25 μmol/kg, and we found no correlation between the expression of CPP and the magnitude of locomotor sensitization for either opioid. Pretreatment with anti-6-AM mAb suppressed both heroin-induced and 6-AM-induced CPP and locomotor sensitization. These findings provide evidence that 6-AM is essential for the rewarding and sensitizing properties of heroin; however, heroin caused stronger reward compared with 6-AM. This may be explained by the higher lipophilicity of heroin, providing more efficient drug transfer to the brain, ensuring rapid increase in the brain 6-AM concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marte Sjursen Kvello
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic SciencesOslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Jannike Mørch Andersen
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic SciencesOslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Fernando Boix
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic SciencesOslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Jørg Mørland
- Division of Health Data and DigitalisationNorwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway
| | - Inger Lise Bogen
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic SciencesOslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo Oslo Norway
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30
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Sivalingam M, Ogawa S, Parhar IS. Mapping of Morphine-Induced OPRM1 Gene Expression Pattern in the Adult Zebrafish Brain. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:5. [PMID: 32153369 PMCID: PMC7044135 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine is a potent analgesic opiate commonly used in treating pain, and it is also a substance of abuse and highly addictive. Hence, it is vital to discover the action sites of morphine in the brain to increase its efficacy of treatment. In the present study, we aimed at identifying comprehensive neuroanatomical locations that are sensitive to morphine in the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). We performed in situ hybridization to localize the mu opioid receptor (oprm1) gene and to map the morphine sensitive brain areas using neuronal PAS domain-containing protein 4a (npas4a), an early gene marker. Real-time PCR was used to detect changes in mRNA levels of oprm1 and npas4a in control and acute morphine treated fish (2 mg/L; 20 min). Intense positive oprm1 signals were seen in the telencephalon, preoptic area, habenula, hypothalamic area and periventricular gray zone of the optic tectum. Acute morphine exposure significantly increased oprm1 and npas4a mRNA levels in the medial zone of dorsal telencephalon (Dm), ventral region of the ventral telencephalon (Vv), preoptic area, and in the hypothalamus but a decrease in oprm1 and npas4a signals in the dorsal habenula. This study provides a detailed map of oprm1 localization in the brain, which includes previously unreported oprm1 in the habenula of teleost. Presence of oprm1 in multiple brain sites implies multiple action targets of morphine and potential brain functions which could include reward, cognitive and negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mageswary Sivalingam
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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31
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Pergolizzi JV, Raffa RB, Rosenblatt MH. Opioid withdrawal symptoms, a consequence of chronic opioid use and opioid use disorder: Current understanding and approaches to management. J Clin Pharm Ther 2020; 45:892-903. [PMID: 31986228 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Opioid use in the United States has reached unprecedented-some would even say crisis-levels. Although many individuals use opioid drugs as part of legitimate pain management plans, a significant number misuse prescription or illicit opioids. With regular opioid use, individuals develop tolerance and physical dependence; both are predictable, physiologic responses to repeated opioid exposure. However, a substantial number of individuals who misuse opioids will develop opioid use disorder (OUD), a complex, primary, chronic, neurobiological disease rooted in genetic, environmental and psychosocial factors. This article discusses OUD, opioid receptor physiology, and opioid withdrawal symptomatology and pathophysiology, as well as current treatment options available to reduce opioid withdrawal symptoms in individuals with physical dependence and/or OUD. METHODS The research articles regarding OUD and its management have been reviewed thoroughly based on a PubMed literature search using keywords related to opioid dependence, its pathophysiology and current treatment strategies. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Tolerance/physical dependence and the behavioural characteristics associated with OUD reflect complex neurobiologic adaptations in several major systems of the brain, including the locus ceruleus and mesolimbic systems. Physical dependence is responsible for the distressing withdrawal symptoms individuals experience upon abrupt cessation or rapid dose reduction of exogenous opioids. Opioid withdrawal symptoms are a key driver behind continued opioid use, and a barrier to opioid discontinuation. Several opioid-based medications are available to treat patients with OUD; these treatments can diminish opioid withdrawal symptoms and cravings as well as block opioid effects in the event of relapse. Additionally, non-opioid drugs may be used during acute detoxification to help alleviate opioid withdrawal symptoms. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION The opioid crisis has produced many challenges for physicians, one being the need to determine which patients would benefit most from maintenance therapy and which may be candidates for opioid discontinuation. In addition to summarizing current understanding of OUD, we provide a new algorithm for determining the need for continued opioid use as well as examples of situations where management of opioid withdrawal symptoms is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert B Raffa
- Neumentum, Palo Alto, California.,University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona.,Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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32
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Browne CJ, Godino A, Salery M, Nestler EJ. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Opioid Addiction. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:22-33. [PMID: 31477236 PMCID: PMC6898774 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Opioid use kills tens of thousands of Americans each year, devastates families and entire communities, and cripples the health care system. Exposure to opioids causes long-term changes to brain regions involved in reward processing and motivation, leading vulnerable individuals to engage in pathological drug seeking and drug taking that can remain a lifelong struggle. The persistence of these neuroadaptations is mediated in part by epigenetic remodeling of gene expression programs in discrete brain regions. Although the majority of work examining how epigenetic modifications contribute to addiction has focused on psychostimulants such as cocaine, research into opioid-induced changes to the epigenetic landscape is emerging. This review summarizes our knowledge of opioid-induced epigenetic modifications and their consequential changes to gene expression. Current evidence points toward opioids promoting higher levels of permissive histone acetylation and lower levels of repressive histone methylation as well as alterations to DNA methylation patterns and noncoding RNA expression throughout the brain's reward circuitry. Additionally, studies manipulating epigenetic enzymes in specific brain regions are beginning to build causal links between these epigenetic modifications and changes in addiction-related behavior. Moving forward, studies must leverage advanced chromatin analysis and next-generation sequencing approaches combined with bioinformatics pipelines to identify novel gene networks regulated by particular epigenetic modifications. Improved translational relevance also requires increased focus on volitional drug-intake models and standardization of opioid exposure paradigms. Such work will significantly advance our understanding of how opioids cause persistent changes to brain function and will provide a platform on which to develop interventions for treating opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb J Browne
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Arthur Godino
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marine Salery
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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33
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Darpö B, Pirner M, Longstreth J, Ferber G. Effect of lofexidine on cardiac repolarization during treatment of opioid withdrawal. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107596. [PMID: 31606589 PMCID: PMC7153804 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lofexidine is a non-opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal syndrome. Its sympatholytic actions counteract the nor-adrenergic hyperactivity that occurs during abrupt opioid withdrawal. METHODS The effect of lofexidine 2.16 and 2.88 mg/day on QTcF (QT interval, heart-rate corrected, Fridericia formula) was studied as part of a large, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01863186). ECGs were time-matched to blood sampling for lofexidine concentration and were collected at prespecified timepoints over a 7-day inpatient period. Analyses included mean change-from-baseline QTcF and exposure-response modeling to predict QTcF at relevant lofexidine concentrations. RESULTS A total of 681 adult men and women received at least 1 dose of study drug; 566 qualified for inclusion in the concentration-QTcF analysis. Most subjects were withdrawing from heroin. During the first 24 h (Days 1-2) post-baseline, small increases in QTcF were observed in all groups: 4.7 ms for lofexidine 2.16 mg, 7.4 ms for lofexidine 2.88 mg and 1.4 ms for placebo. These increases were transient; by Day 4, when lofexidine levels had reached steady-state, QTcF increases were not present. By Day 7, QTcF was decreased from baseline in all groups. Exposure-response modeling predicted <10 ms increases in QTcF at lofexidine concentrations 3 times those obtained at maximal recommended dose. CONCLUSIONS Lofexidine was associated with small, transient QTcF increases. Decreases in QTcF that occurred with higher lofexidine concentrations argue for an indirect QTcF effect, potentially from changes in autonomic tone. Both opioid withdrawal and lofexidine's sympatholytic actions would be expected to alter sympathetic outflow over the 7-day withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Börje Darpö
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd's Hospital, 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mark Pirner
- Department of Clinical Research and Medical Affairs, US WorldMeds, LLC, 4441 Springdale Rd, Louisville, KY 40241, USA
| | - James Longstreth
- Longstreth and Associates, Inc., 450 N Lakeshore Dr, Mundelein, IL 60060, USA
| | - Georg Ferber
- Statistik Georg Ferber GmbH, Cagliostrostrasse 14, 4125 Riehen, Switzerland
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Wang D, Stoveken HM, Zucca S, Dao M, Orlandi C, Song C, Masuho I, Johnston C, Opperman KJ, Giles AC, Gill MS, Lundquist EA, Grill B, Martemyanov KA. Genetic behavioral screen identifies an orphan anti-opioid system. Science 2019; 365:1267-1273. [PMID: 31416932 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Opioids target the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) to produce unrivaled pain management, but their addictive properties can lead to severe abuse. We developed a whole-animal behavioral platform for unbiased discovery of genes influencing opioid responsiveness. Using forward genetics in Caenorhabditis elegans, we identified a conserved orphan receptor, GPR139, with anti-opioid activity. GPR139 is coexpressed with MOR in opioid-sensitive brain circuits, binds to MOR, and inhibits signaling to heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins). Deletion of GPR139 in mice enhanced opioid-induced inhibition of neuronal firing to modulate morphine-induced analgesia, reward, and withdrawal. Thus, GPR139 could be a useful target for increasing opioid safety. These results also demonstrate the potential of C. elegans as a scalable platform for genetic discovery of G protein-coupled receptor signaling principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Hannah M Stoveken
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Stefano Zucca
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Maria Dao
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Cesare Orlandi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Chenghui Song
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ikuo Masuho
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Caitlin Johnston
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Karla J Opperman
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Andrew C Giles
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Matthew S Gill
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Erik A Lundquist
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Brock Grill
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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Nilges MR, Laurent M, Cable C, Arens L, Vafiades J, Zadina JE. Discriminative Stimulus and Low Abuse Liability Effects of Novel Endomorphin Analogs Suggest a Potential Treatment Indication for Opioid Use Disorder. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:369-379. [PMID: 31213481 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.253013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid dependence can be difficult to manage using existing pharmacotherapies. A long-acting opioid with low abuse liability that substitutes for a shorter-acting opioid may improve treatment of opioid use disorders (OUDs). We recently characterized an endomorphin (EM) analog (ZH853) that produced a longer duration of antinociception compared with morphine, but did not produce self-administration or several other adverse effects preclinically. Here, we further characterized ZH853 in tests of antinociception, abuse liability, and drug discrimination. A conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure, that included a locomotor activity assessment, was used to test abuse liability in rats. Subsequently, dopamine (DA) cell-somas located in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) from these rats were assessed by size using immunohistochemistry and Stereo Investigator software. A hot-plate antinociception test in male and female mice confirmed central penetration. Morphine-substitution effects of several EM analogs (ZH850, ZH831, and ZH853) were tested in a drug discrimination (DD) procedure in rats. Morphine produced dose-dependent CPP and locomotor sensitization and reduced the size of DA cell somas in VTA, whereas ZH853 did not produce any of these effects relative to control. The antinociceptive effects of ZH853 were μ-receptor selective since β-funaltrexamine antagonized these effects. Rats responded on a morphine-trained lever when injected with ZH831 and ZH853 during DD experiments. The favorable morphine-substitution effects of these EM analogs relative to their low abuse liability indicate promising novel compounds that may improve treatment of OUD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In this experiment, we investigated the preclinical effects of novel endomorphin analogs for use as substitution therapies for opioid use disorder, a problem that has contributed to an opioid overdose epidemic. Several endomorphin analogs substituted for morphine without producing adverse effects, including reward behaviors associated with abuse liability. These compounds have the potential to become important additional tools to treat opioid use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Nilges
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System (J.E.Z.), Departments of Medicine (J.E.Z.), Neuroscience (M.R.N., M.L., C.C., L.A., J.V., J.E.Z.), and Pharmacology (J.E.Z.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Morgan Laurent
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System (J.E.Z.), Departments of Medicine (J.E.Z.), Neuroscience (M.R.N., M.L., C.C., L.A., J.V., J.E.Z.), and Pharmacology (J.E.Z.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Chloe Cable
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System (J.E.Z.), Departments of Medicine (J.E.Z.), Neuroscience (M.R.N., M.L., C.C., L.A., J.V., J.E.Z.), and Pharmacology (J.E.Z.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Louis Arens
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System (J.E.Z.), Departments of Medicine (J.E.Z.), Neuroscience (M.R.N., M.L., C.C., L.A., J.V., J.E.Z.), and Pharmacology (J.E.Z.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - James Vafiades
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System (J.E.Z.), Departments of Medicine (J.E.Z.), Neuroscience (M.R.N., M.L., C.C., L.A., J.V., J.E.Z.), and Pharmacology (J.E.Z.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - James E Zadina
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System (J.E.Z.), Departments of Medicine (J.E.Z.), Neuroscience (M.R.N., M.L., C.C., L.A., J.V., J.E.Z.), and Pharmacology (J.E.Z.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Kosten TR, Baxter LE. Review article: Effective management of opioid withdrawal symptoms: A gateway to opioid dependence treatment. Am J Addict 2019; 28:55-62. [PMID: 30701615 PMCID: PMC6590307 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The opioid crisis has taken an immense toll in the United States. On average, five lives are lost to an opioid overdose every hour of the day; estimated costs associated with opioid misuse exceed $500 billion annually. Illicit opioid discontinuation is the first step in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), and transition to an opioid agonist may initiate treatment. However, discontinuation to abstinence from either OUD directly or following agonist treatment results in severely distressing opioid withdrawal symptoms (OWS). METHODS This review evaluated studies on the etiology, burden, and management of OWS. RESULTS Noradrenergic hyperactivity generates many OWS. These OWS can cause patients to relapse during early opioid discontinuation. While agonist therapies are generally first-line for moderate or severe OUD and reduce OWS, prescribing restrictions can limit their availability. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Non-opioid medications to treat OWS provides a gateway into long-term treatment with naltrexone or psychosocial therapies. For opioid dependent patients without OUD, non-opioid treatments like α-2 adrenergic agonists can facilitate opioid tapering. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE For the millions who are physically dependent on opioids, new treatments for OWS can enhance recovery from OUD and prevent relapse. (© 2019 The Authors. The American Journal on Addictions Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.;XX:1-8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Kosten
- Division of Alcohol and Addiction PsychiatryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Louis E. Baxter
- Professional Assistance Program of New Jersey, Inc.PrincetonNew Jersey
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNew Jersey
- Past President of the American Society of Addiction MedicineRockvilleMaryland
- Director of American Board of Addiction MedicineChevy ChaseMaryland
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Negrete-Díaz JV, Shumilov K, Real MÁ, Medina-Luque J, Valderrama-Carvajal A, Flores G, Rodríguez-Moreno A, Rivera A. Pharmacological activation of dopamine D 4 receptor modulates morphine-induced changes in the expression of GAD 65/67 and GABA B receptors in the basal ganglia. Neuropharmacology 2019; 152:22-29. [PMID: 30682345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) stimulation, in a putative D4R/μ opioid heteroreceptor (MOR) complex, counteracts the molecular, cellular and behavioural actions of morphine which are associated with morphine addiction, without any effect on its analgesic properties. In the present work, we have evaluated the role of D4R in modulating the effects of a continuous treatment with morphine on the GABAergic system in the basal ganglia. It has been demonstrated that the co-administration of a D4R agonist together with morphine leads to a restoration of GABA signaling by preventing drug-induced changes in GAD65/67 expression in the caudate putamen, globus palidus and substantia nigra. Results from GABABR1 and GABABR2 expression suggest a role of D4R in modulation of the GABAB heteroreceptor complexes along the basal ganglia, especially in the functional divisions of the caudate putamen. These results provide a new proof of the functional interaction between D4R and MOR and we postulate this putative heteroreceptor complex as a key target for the development of a new strategy to prevent the addictive effects of morphine in the treatment of pain. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Receptor heteromers and their allosteric receptor-receptor interactions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Vicente Negrete-Díaz
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Málaga, Spain; División de Ciencias de la Salud e Ingenierías, Campus Celaya-Salvatierra, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico (permanent address)
| | - Kirill Shumilov
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Real
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Medina-Luque
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Málaga, Spain; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, German (permanent address)
| | | | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Alicia Rivera
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Málaga, Spain.
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Dysregulation of Dopaminergic Regulatory Factors TH, Nurr1, and Pitx3 in the Ventral Tegmental Area Associated with Neuronal Injury Induced by Chronic Morphine Dependence. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020250. [PMID: 30634592 PMCID: PMC6358784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventral tegmental area (VTA), a critical portion of the mesencephalic dopamine system, is thought to be involved in the development and maintenance of addiction. It has been proposed that the dopaminergic regulatory factors TH, Nurr1, and Pitx3 are crucial for determining the survival and maintenance of dopaminergic neurons. Thus, the present study investigated whether abnormalities in these dopaminergic regulatory factors in the VTA were associated with neuronal injury induced by chronic morphine dependence. Rat models with different durations of morphine dependence were established. Thionine staining was used to observe morphological changes in the VTA neurons. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to observe changes in the expression of the dopaminergic regulatory proteins TH, Nurr1, and Pitx3. Thionine staining revealed that prolonged morphine dependence resulted in dopaminergic neurons with edema, a lack of Nissl bodies, and pyknosis. Immunohistochemistry showed that the number of TH⁺, Nurr1⁺, and Pitx3⁺ cells, and the number of TH⁺ cells expressing Nurr1 or Pitx3, significantly decreased in the VTA after a long period of morphine dependence. Western blot results were consistent with the immunohistochemistry findings. Chronic morphine exposure resulted in abnormalities in dopaminergic regulatory factors and pathological changes in dopaminergic neurons in the VTA. These results suggest that dysregulation of dopaminergic regulatory factors in the VTA are associated with neuronal injury induced by chronic morphine dependence.
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Sadat-Shirazi MS, Zarrindast MR, Daneshparvar H, Ziaie A, Fekri M, Abbasnezhad E, Ashabi G, Khalifeh S, Vousooghi N. Alteration of dopamine receptors subtypes in the brain of opioid abusers: A postmortem study in Iran. Neurosci Lett 2018; 687:169-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Llorca-Torralba M, Pilar-Cuéllar F, Bravo L, Bruzos-Cidon C, Torrecilla M, Mico JA, Ugedo L, Garro-Martínez E, Berrocoso E. Opioid Activity in the Locus Coeruleus Is Modulated by Chronic Neuropathic Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4135-4150. [PMID: 30284123 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pain affects both sensory and emotional aversive responses, often provoking depression and anxiety-related conditions when it becomes chronic. As the opioid receptors in the locus coeruleus (LC) have been implicated in pain, stress responses, and opioid drug effects, we explored the modifications to LC opioid neurotransmission in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of short- and long-term neuropathic pain (7 and 30 days after nerve injury). No significant changes were found after short-term CCI, yet after 30 days, CCI provoked an up-regulation of cAMP (cyclic 5'-adenosine monophosphate), pCREB (phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein), protein kinase A, tyrosine hydroxylase, and electrical activity in the LC, as well as enhanced c-Fos expression. Acute mu opioid receptor desensitization was more intense in these animals, measured as the decline of the peak current caused by [Met5]-enkephalin and the reduction of forskolin-stimulated cAMP produced in response to DAMGO. Sustained morphine treatment did not markedly modify certain LC parameters in CCI-30d animals, such as [Met5]-enkephalin-induced potassium outward currents or burst activity and c-Fos rebound after naloxone precipitation, which may limit the development of some typical opioid drug-related adaptations. However, other phenomena were impaired by long-term CCI, including the reduction in forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation by DAMGO after naloxone precipitation in morphine dependent animals. Overall, this study suggests that long-term CCI leads to changes at the LC level that may contribute to the anxiodepressive phenotype that develops in these animals. Furthermore, opioid drugs produce complex adaptations in the LC in this model of chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Llorca-Torralba
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, 11003, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avda. Ana de Viya, 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fuencisla Pilar-Cuéllar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (Universidad de Cantabria, CSIC, SODERCAN), Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Lidia Bravo
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, 11003, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avda. Ana de Viya, 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Bruzos-Cidon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - María Torrecilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Juan A Mico
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, 11003, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avda. Ana de Viya, 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa Ugedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Emilio Garro-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (Universidad de Cantabria, CSIC, SODERCAN), Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avda. Ana de Viya, 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Psychobiology Area, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, 11510, Cádiz, Spain.
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Lutz P, Courtet P, Calati R. The opioid system and the social brain: implications for depression and suicide. J Neurosci Res 2018; 98:588-600. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre‐Eric Lutz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 67000Strasbourg France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS)Strasbourg France
- Twitter: @PE_Lutz
| | - Philippe Courtet
- INSERM, University of Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry, Epidemiological and Clinical ResearchMontpellier France
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post‐Acute CareLapeyronie Hospital, CHU MontpellierMontpellier France
- FondaMental FoundationCréteil France
| | - Raffaella Calati
- INSERM, University of Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry, Epidemiological and Clinical ResearchMontpellier France
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post‐Acute CareLapeyronie Hospital, CHU MontpellierMontpellier France
- FondaMental FoundationCréteil France
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Woodworth HL, Batchelor HM, Beekly BG, Bugescu R, Brown JA, Kurt G, Fuller PM, Leinninger GM. Neurotensin Receptor-1 Identifies a Subset of Ventral Tegmental Dopamine Neurons that Coordinates Energy Balance. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1881-1892. [PMID: 28834751 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are heterogeneous and differentially regulate ingestive and locomotor behaviors that affect energy balance. Identification of which VTA DA neurons mediate behaviors that limit weight gain has been hindered, however, by the lack of molecular markers to distinguish VTA DA populations. Here, we identified a specific subset of VTA DA neurons that express neurotensin receptor-1 (NtsR1) and preferentially comprise mesolimbic, but not mesocortical, DA neurons. Genetically targeted ablation of VTA NtsR1 neurons uncouples motivated feeding and physical activity, biasing behavior toward energy expenditure and protecting mice from age-related and diet-induced weight gain. VTA NtsR1 neurons thus represent a molecularly defined subset of DA neurons that are essential for the coordination of energy balance. Modulation of VTA NtsR1 neurons may therefore be useful to promote behaviors that prevent the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary L Woodworth
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Hannah M Batchelor
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Bethany G Beekly
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Raluca Bugescu
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Juliette A Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Gizem Kurt
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gina M Leinninger
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
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43
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Garduño-Gutiérrez R, León-Olea M, Rodríguez-Manzo G. Opioid receptor and β-arrestin2 densities and distribution change after sexual experience in the ventral tegmental area of male rats. Physiol Behav 2018; 189:107-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Reece AS, Wang W, Hulse GK. Pathways from epigenomics and glycobiology towards novel biomarkers of addiction and its radical cure. Med Hypotheses 2018; 116:10-21. [PMID: 29857889 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recent demonstration that addiction-relevant neuronal ensembles defined by known master transcription factors and their connectome is networked throughout mesocorticolimbic reward circuits and resonates harmonically at known frequencies implies that single-cell pan-omics techniques can improve our understanding of Substance Use Disorders (SUD's). Application of machine learning algorithms to such data could find diagnostic utility as biomarkers both to define the presence of the disorder and to quantitate its severity and find myriad applications in a developmental pipeline towards therapeutics and cure. Recent epigenomic studies have uncovered a wealth of clinically important data relating to synapse-nucleus signalling, memory storage, lineage-fate determination and cellular control and are contributing greatly to our understanding of all SUD's. Epigenetics interacts extensively with glycobiology. Glycans decorate DNA, RNA and many circulating critical proteins particularly immunoglobulins. Glycosylation is emerging as a major information-laden post-translational protein modification with documented application for biomarker development. The integration of these two emerging cutting-edge technologies provides a powerful and fertile algorithmic-bioinformatic space for the development both of SUD biomarkers and novel cutting edge therapeutics. HYPOTHESES These lines of evidence provide fertile ground for hypotheses relating to both diagnosis and treatment. They suggest that biomarkers derived from epigenomics complemented by glycobiology may potentially provide a bedside diagnostic tool which could be developed into a clinically useful biomarker to gauge both the presence and the severity of SUD's. Moreover they suggest that modern information-based therapeutics acting on the epigenome, via RNA interference or by DNA antisense oligonucleotides may provide a novel 21st century therapeutic development pipeline towards the radical cure of addictive disorders. Such techniques could be focussed and potentiated by neurotrophic vectors or the application of interfering electric or magnetic fields deep in the medial temporal lobes of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stuart Reece
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
| | - Gary Kenneth Hulse
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
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45
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Woodworth HL, Brown JA, Batchelor HM, Bugescu R, Leinninger GM. Determination of neurotensin projections to the ventral tegmental area in mice. Neuropeptides 2018; 68:57-74. [PMID: 29478718 PMCID: PMC5906039 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologic treatment with the neuropeptide neurotensin (Nts) modifies motivated behaviors such as feeding, locomotor activity, and reproduction. Dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) control these behaviors, and Nts directly modulates the activity of DA neurons via Nts receptor-1. While Nts sources to the VTA have been described in starlings and rats, the endogenous sources of Nts to the VTA of mice remain incompletely understood, impeding determination of which Nts circuits orchestrate specific behaviors in this model. To overcome this obstacle we injected the retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold into the VTA of mice that express GFP in Nts neurons. Identification of GFP-Nts cells that accumulate Fluoro-Gold revealed the Nts afferents to the VTA in mice. Similar to rats, most Nts afferents to the VTA of mice arise from the medial and lateral preoptic areas (POA) and the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), brain regions that are critical for coordination of feeding and reproduction. Additionally, the VTA receives dense input from Nts neurons in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAsh) of mice, and minor Nts projections from the amygdala and periaqueductal gray area. Collectively, our data reveal multiple populations of Nts neurons that provide direct afferents to the VTA and which may regulate specific aspects of motivated behavior. This work lays the foundation for understanding endogenous Nts actions in the VTA, and how circuit-specific Nts modulation may be useful to correct motivational and affective deficits in neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliette A Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Hannah M Batchelor
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Raluca Bugescu
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Gina M Leinninger
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Opioid and noradrenergic contributions of tapentadol to the inhibition of locus coeruleus neurons in the streptozotocin rat model of polyneuropathic pain. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:202-210. [PMID: 29551688 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tapentadol is an analgesic that acts as an agonist of µ opioid receptors (MOR) and that inhibits noradrenaline reuptake. Data from healthy rats show that tapentadol inhibits neuronal activity in the locus coeruleus (LC), a nucleus regulated by both the noradrenergic and opioid systems. Thus, we set out to investigate the effect of tapentadol on LC activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, a model of diabetic polyneuropathy, by analyzing single-unit extracellular recordings of LC neurons. Four weeks after inducing diabetes, tapentadol dose-response curves were obtained from animals pre-treated with RX821002 or naloxone (alpha2-adrenoceptors and opioid receptors antagonists, respectively). In STZ rats, the spontaneous activity of LC neurons (0.9 ± 0.1 Hz) was lower than in naïve animals (1.5 ± 0.1 Hz), and tapentadol's inhibitory effect was also weaker. Alpha2-adrenoceptors blockade by RX821002 (100 μg/kg i.v.) in STZ animals significantly increased the spontaneous activity (from 0.8 ± 0.1 to 1.4 ± 0.2 Hz) and it dampened the inhibition of LC neurons produced by tapentadol. However, opioid receptors blockade following naloxone pre-treatment (5 mg/kg i.v.) did not alter the spontaneous firing rate (0.9 ± 0.2 vs 0.9 ± 0.2 Hz) or the inhibitory effect of tapentadol on LC neurons in STZ animals. Thus, diabetic polyneuropathy appears to exert neuroplastic changes in LC neurotransmission, enhancing the sensitivity of alpha2-adrenoceptors and dampening opioid receptors expression. Tapentadol's activity seems to be predominantly mediated through its noradrenergic effects rather than its influence on opioid receptors in the STZ model of diabetic polyneuropathy.
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Beloate LN, Coolen LM. Effects of Sexual Experience on Psychostimulant- and Opiate-Induced Behavior and Neural Plasticity in the Mesocorticolimbic Pathway. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 140:249-270. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Pain is essential for avoidance of tissue damage and for promotion of healing. Notwithstanding the survival value, pain brings about emotional suffering reflected in fear and anxiety, which in turn augment pain thus giving rise to a self-sustaining feedforward loop. Given such reciprocal relationships, the present article uses neuroscientific conceptualizations of fear and anxiety as a theoretical framework for hitherto insufficiently understood pathophysiological mechanisms underlying chronic pain. To that end, searches of PubMed-indexed journals were performed using the following Medical Subject Headings' terms: pain and nociception plus amygdala, anxiety, cognitive, fear, sensory, and unconscious. Recursive sets of scientific and clinical evidence extracted from this literature review were summarized within the following key areas: (1) parallelism between acute pain and fear and between chronic pain and anxiety; (2) all are related to the evasion of sensory-perceived threats and are subserved by subcortical circuits mediating automatic threat-induced physiologic responses and defensive actions in conjunction with higher order corticolimbic networks (e.g., thalamocortical, thalamo-striato-cortical and amygdalo-cortical) generating conscious representations and valuation-based adaptive behaviors; (3) some instances of chronic pain and anxiety conditions are driven by the failure to diminish or block respective nociceptive information or unconscious treats from reaching conscious awareness; and (4) the neural correlates of pain-related conscious states and cognitions may become autonomous (i.e., dissociated) from the subcortical activity/function leading to the eventual chronicity. Identifying relative contributions of the diverse neuroanatomical sources, thus, offers prospects for the development of novel preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies in chronic pain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Elman
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - David Borsook
- Harvard Medical School, Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Beloate LN, Coolen LM. Influences of social reward experience on behavioral responses to drugs of abuse: Review of shared and divergent neural plasticity mechanisms for sexual reward and drugs of abuse. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:356-372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Role of orexin type-1 receptors in paragiganto-coerulear modulation of opioid withdrawal and tolerance: A site specific focus. Neuropharmacology 2017; 126:25-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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