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Sun Y, Chen J, Hong JH, Xiao R, Teng Y, Wang P, Deng P, Yu Z, Chan JY, Chai KXY, Gao J, Wang Y, Pan L, Liu L, Liu S, Teh BT, Yu Q, Lim ST, Li W, Xu B, Ong CK, Tan J. Targeting AURKA to induce synthetic lethality in CREBBP-deficient B-cell malignancies via attenuation of MYC expression. Oncogene 2024; 43:2172-2183. [PMID: 38783101 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in CREBBP, which encodes for a histone acetyltransferase, occur frequently in B-cell malignancies, highlighting CREBBP deficiency as an attractive therapeutic target. Using established isogenic cell models, we demonstrated that CREBBP-deficient cells are selectively vulnerable to AURKA inhibition. Mechanistically, we found that co-targeting CREBBP and AURKA suppressed MYC transcriptionally and post-translationally to induce replication stress and apoptosis. Inhibition of AURKA dramatically decreased MYC protein level in CREBBP-deficient cells, implying a dependency on AURKA to sustain MYC stability. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that pharmacological inhibition of AURKA was efficacious in delaying tumor progression in CREBBP-deficient cells and was synergistic with CREBBP inhibitors in CREBBP-proficient cells. Our study sheds light on a novel synthetic lethal interaction between CREBBP and AURKA, indicating that targeting AURKA represents a potential therapeutic strategy for high-risk B-cell malignancies harboring CREBBP inactivating mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Han Hong
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Teng
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoliang Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jason Yongsheng Chan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelila Xin Ye Chai
- Lymphoma Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiuping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Pan
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shini Liu
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiang Yu
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soon Thye Lim
- Director's office, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenyu Li
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Banglao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Choon Kiat Ong
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Lymphoma Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Hu H, Zhang Y, Zhai H, Dong J, Zuo L, Guo X, Wang C. P300 reduces TUBB4B expression to facilitate the biological process of migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102386. [PMID: 38636368 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This article explored the mechanism of E1A binding protein p300 (P300) and beta-tubulin 4B isotype-encoding gene (TUBB4B) in regulating the migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. TUBB4B and P300 expression in NSCLC tissues and cells was monitored by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. TUBB4B function on NSCLC cell migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was monitored by wound healing assay, Transwell experiment and Western blot. The regulation of P300 on TUBB4B was monitored by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Mechanism of P300 and TUBB4B in regulating NSCLC cell migration and invasion was explored by rescue experiment. A xenograft tumor model was established by using nude mouse. As a result, low TUBB4B expression and high P300 expression was discovered in NSCLC tissues and cells. TUBB4B and P300 expression showed a negative correlation in NSCLC tissues. Lower TUBB4B but higher P300 was observed in tumor tissues of NSCLC patients with metastasis. TUBB4B overexpression suppressed NSCLC cell migration, invasion and EMT. TUBB4B silencing had opposite results. P300 overexpression inhibited TUBB4B expression, and P300 silencing facilitated TUBB4B overexpression in NSCLC cells. TUBB4B overexpression counteracted the promotion of P300 overexpression on NSCLC cell invasion and migration. TUBB4B silencing abrogated the inhibition of P300 knockdown on NSCLC cell invasion and migration. TUBB4B overexpression suppressed NSCLC cell in vivo growth. Thus, TUBB4B could be reduced by P300 in NSCLC. It exerted suppression role on NSCLC cell migration, invasion and EMT. TUBB4B may be a novel target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Hu
- Thoracic Surgery, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu 238000, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Medical Oncology, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu 238000, China
| | - Haibo Zhai
- Thoracic Surgery, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu 238000, China
| | - Juanjuan Dong
- Medical Oncology, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu 238000, China
| | - Lei Zuo
- Thoracic Surgery, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu 238000, China
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- Medical Oncology, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu 238000, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Medical Oncology, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu 238000, China.
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3
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Jiang K, Ning N, Huang J, Chang Y, Wang R, Ma J. Psilostachyin C reduces malignant properties of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by blocking CREBBP-mediated transcription of GATAD2B. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:75. [PMID: 38600341 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Many herbal medicines and their bioactive compounds have shown anti-tumor properties. This study was conducted to examine the effect of psilostachyin C (PSC), a sesquiterpenoid lactone isolated from Artemisia vulgaris L., in the malignant properties of HCC cells. CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing, and Transwell assays revealed that 25 μM PSC treatment significantly suppressed proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration, and invasion of two HCC cell lines (Hep 3B and Huh7) while promoting cell apoptosis. Bioinformatics prediction suggests CREB binding protein (CREBBP) as a promising target of PSC. CREBBP activated transcription of GATA zinc finger domain containing 2B (GATAD2B) by binding to its promoter. CREBBP and GATAD2B were highly expressed in clinical HCC tissues and the acquired HCC cell lines, but their expression was reduced by PSC. Either upregulation of CREBBP or GATAD2B restored the malignant properties of HCC cells blocked by PSC. Collectively, this evidence demonstrates that PSC pocessess anti-tumor functions in HCC cells by blocking CREBBP-mediated transcription of GATAD2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P.R. China
| | - Ning Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P.R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P.R. China
| | - Rao Wang
- Department of TCM Orthopedic Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 555, Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P.R. China.
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Neurology, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 555, Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P.R. China.
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4
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Wu Z, Wu H, Dai Y, Wang Z, Han H, Shen Y, Zhang R, Wang X. A pan-cancer multi-omics analysis of lactylation genes associated with tumor microenvironment and cancer development. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27465. [PMID: 38463768 PMCID: PMC10923869 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lactylation is a significant post-translational modification bridging the gap between cancer epigenetics and metabolic reprogramming. However, the association between lactylation and prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME), and response to drug therapy in various cancers remains unclear. Methods First, the expression, prognostic value, and genetic and epigenetic alterations of lactylation genes were systematically explored in a pan-cancer manner. Lactylation scores were derived for each tumor using the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm. The correlation of lactylation scores with clinical features, prognosis, and TME was assessed by integrating multiple computational methods. In addition, GSE135222 data was used to assess the efficacy of lactylation scores in predicting immunotherapy outcomes. The expression of lactylation genes in breast cancers and gliomas were verified by RNA-sequencing. Results Lactylation genes were significantly upregulated in most cancer types. CREBBP and EP300 exhibited high mutation rates in pan-cancer analysis. The prognostic impact of the lactylation score varied by tumor type, and lactylation score was a protective factor for KIRC, ACC, READ, LGG, and UVM, and a risk factor for CHOL, DLBC, LAML, and OV. In addition, a high lactylation score was associated with cold TME. The infiltration levels of CD8+ T, γδT, natural killer T cell (NKT), and NK cells were lower in tumors with higher lactylation scores. Finally, immunotherapy efficacy was worse in patients with high lactylation scores than other types. Conclusion Lactylation genes are involved in malignancy formation. Lactylation score serves as a promising biomarker for predicting patient prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Wu
- Department of Burns and Skin Repair Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haodong Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinwei Dai
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiong Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Shen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Department of Burns and Skin Repair Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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5
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Cheng-Sánchez I, Gosselé KA, Palaferri L, Kirillova MS, Nevado C. Discovery and Characterization of Active CBP/EP300 Degraders Targeting the HAT Domain. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:355-361. [PMID: 38505842 PMCID: PMC10945562 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) are bifunctional molecules that simultaneously bind an E3 ligase and a protein of interest, inducing degradation of the latter via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Here we present the development of degraders targeting CREB-binding protein (CBP) and E1A-associated protein (EP300)-two homologous multidomain enzymes crucial for enhancer-mediated transcription. Our PROTAC campaign focused on CPI-1612, a reported inhibitor of the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain of these two proteins. A novel asymmetric synthesis of this ligand was devised, while PROTAC-SAR was explored by measuring degradation, target engagement, and ternary complex formation in cellulo. Our study demonstrates that engagement of Cereblon (CRBN) and a sufficiently long linker between the E3 and CBP/EP300 binders (≥21 atoms) are required for PROTAC-mediated degradation using CPI-1612 resulting in a new active PROTAC dCE-1. Lessons learned from this campaign, particularly the importance of cell-based assays to understand the reasons underlying PROTAC performance, are likely applicable to other targets to assist the development of degraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Cheng-Sánchez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katherine A. Gosselé
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Palaferri
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariia S. Kirillova
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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White J, Derheimer FA, Jensen-Pergakes K, O'Connell S, Sharma S, Spiegel N, Paul TA. Histone lysine acetyltransferase inhibitors: an emerging class of drugs for cancer therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:243-254. [PMID: 38383216 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) are a family of epigenetic enzymes involved in the regulation of gene expression; they represent a promising class of emerging drug targets. The frequent molecular dysregulation of these enzymes, as well as their mechanistic links to biological functions that are crucial to cancer, have led to exploration around the development of small-molecule inhibitors against KATs. Despite early challenges, recent advances have led to the development of potent and selective enzymatic and bromodomain (BRD) KAT inhibitors. In this review we discuss the discovery and development of new KAT inhibitors and their application as oncology therapeutics. Additionally, new chemically induced proximity approaches are presented, offering opportunities for unique target selectivity profiles and tissue-specific targeting of KATs. Emerging clinical data for CREB binding protein (CREBBP)/EP300 BRD inhibitors and KAT6 catalytic inhibitors indicate the promise of this target class in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey White
- Pfizer Inc., Oncology Research Unit, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Shawn O'Connell
- Pfizer Inc., Oncology Research Unit, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Shikhar Sharma
- Pfizer Inc., Oncology Research Unit, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Noah Spiegel
- Pfizer Inc., Oncology Research Unit, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Thomas A Paul
- Pfizer Inc., Oncology Research Unit, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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7
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Chang Q, Li J, Deng Y, Zhou R, Wang B, Wang Y, Zhang M, Huang X, Li Y. Discovery of Novel PROTAC Degraders of p300/CBP as Potential Therapeutics for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2466-2486. [PMID: 38316017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Adenoviral E1A binding protein 300 kDa (p300) and its closely related paralog CREB binding protein (CBP) are promising therapeutic targets for human cancer. Here, we report the first discovery of novel potent small-molecule PROTAC degraders of p300/CBP against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common solid tumors. Based upon the clinical p300/CBP bromodomain inhibitor CCS1477, a conformational restriction strategy was used to optimize the linker to generate a series of PROTACs, culminating in the identification of QC-182. This compound effectively induces p300/CBP degradation in the SK-HEP-1 HCC cells in a dose-, time-, and ubiquitin-proteasome system-dependent manner. QC-182 significantly downregulates p300/CBP-associated transcriptome in HCC cells, leading to more potent cell growth inhibition compared to the parental inhibitors and the reported degrader dCBP-1. Notably, QC-182 potently depletes p300/CBP proteins in mouse SK-HEP-1 xenograft tumor tissue. QC-182 is a promising lead compound toward the development of p300/CBP-targeted HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Deng
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruilin Zhou
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bingwei Wang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xun Huang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Lin Gang Laboratory, Shanghai 200210, China
| | - Yingxia Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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8
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Abbas H, Derkaoui DK, Jeammet L, Adicéam E, Tiollier J, Sicard H, Braun T, Poyet JL. Apoptosis Inhibitor 5: A Multifaceted Regulator of Cell Fate. Biomolecules 2024; 14:136. [PMID: 38275765 PMCID: PMC10813780 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a fundamental process that maintains tissue homeostasis, eliminates damaged or infected cells, and plays a crucial role in various biological phenomena. The deregulation of apoptosis is involved in many human diseases, including cancer. One of the emerging players in the intricate regulatory network of apoptosis is apoptosis inhibitor 5 (API5), also called AAC-11 (anti-apoptosis clone 11) or FIF (fibroblast growth factor-2 interacting factor). While it may not have yet the same level of notoriety as some other cancer-associated proteins, API5 has garnered increasing attention in the cancer field in recent years, as elevated API5 levels are often associated with aggressive tumor behavior, resistance to therapy, and poor patient prognosis. This review aims to shed light on the multifaceted functions and regulatory mechanisms of API5 in cell fate decisions as well as its interest as therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsia Abbas
- Université Oran 1, Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran 31000, Algeria; (H.A.); (D.K.D.)
| | | | - Louise Jeammet
- Jalon Therapeutics, 75010 Paris, France; (L.J.); (J.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Emilie Adicéam
- Jalon Therapeutics, 75010 Paris, France; (L.J.); (J.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Jérôme Tiollier
- Jalon Therapeutics, 75010 Paris, France; (L.J.); (J.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Hélène Sicard
- Jalon Therapeutics, 75010 Paris, France; (L.J.); (J.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Hôpital Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France;
- AP-HP, Service d’Hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Avicenne, Université Paris XIII, 93000 Bobigny, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Poyet
- INSERM UMRS976, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Hôpital Saint Louis, 75010 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
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9
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Xiang Q, Wu T, Zhang C, Wang C, Xu H, Hu Q, Hu J, Luo G, Zhuang X, Wu X, Zhang Y, Xu Y. Discovery of a potent and selective CBP bromodomain inhibitor (Y08262) for treating acute myeloid leukemia. Bioorg Chem 2024; 142:106950. [PMID: 37924753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The bromodomain of CREB (cyclic-AMP response element binding protein) binding protein (CBP) is an epigenetic "reader" and plays a key role in transcriptional regulation. CBP bromodomain is considered to be a promising therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Herein, we report the discovery of a series of 1-(indolizin-3-yl)ethan-1-one derivatives as potent, and selective CBP bromodomain inhibitors focused on improving cellular potency. One of the most promising compounds, 7e (Y08262), inhibits the CBP bromodomain at the nanomolar level (IC50 = 73.1 nM) with remarkable selectivity. In addition, the new inhibitor also displays potent inhibitory activities in AML cell lines. Collectively, this study provides a new lead compound for further validation of CBP bromodomain as a molecular target for AML drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Xiang
- Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China; Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China.
| | - Tianbang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Hongrui Xu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China; GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Qingqing Hu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jiankang Hu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guolong Luo
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhuang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xishan Wu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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10
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Xu LK, Ntziachristos P. Knocking off cancer's HAT: CSS1477 disrupts oncogenic programs. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1505-1507. [PMID: 38134880 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
EP300/CBP are histone acetyltransferases recruited onto chromatin by oncogenic transcription factors and control the transcriptional program via their activity in enhancer areas. In the December issue of Cancer Cell, Nicosia et al.1 offer new promise in targeting EP300/CBP using the small-molecule inhibitor CSS1477 in patients with blood tumors and no other therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Kevin Xu
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Panagiotis Ntziachristos
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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11
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Nicosia L, Spencer GJ, Brooks N, Amaral FMR, Basma NJ, Chadwick JA, Revell B, Wingelhofer B, Maiques-Diaz A, Sinclair O, Camera F, Ciceri F, Wiseman DH, Pegg N, West W, Knurowski T, Frese K, Clegg K, Campbell VL, Cavet J, Copland M, Searle E, Somervaille TCP. Therapeutic targeting of EP300/CBP by bromodomain inhibition in hematologic malignancies. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:2136-2153.e13. [PMID: 37995682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
CCS1477 (inobrodib) is a potent, selective EP300/CBP bromodomain inhibitor which induces cell-cycle arrest and differentiation in hematologic malignancy model systems. In myeloid leukemia cells, it promotes rapid eviction of EP300/CBP from an enhancer subset marked by strong MYB occupancy and high H3K27 acetylation, with downregulation of the subordinate oncogenic network and redistribution to sites close to differentiation genes. In myeloma cells, CCS1477 induces eviction of EP300/CBP from FGFR3, the target of the common (4; 14) translocation, with redistribution away from IRF4-occupied sites to TCF3/E2A-occupied sites. In a subset of patients with relapsed or refractory disease, CCS1477 monotherapy induces differentiation responses in AML and objective responses in heavily pre-treated multiple myeloma. In vivo preclinical combination studies reveal synergistic responses to treatment with standard-of-care agents. Thus, CCS1477 exhibits encouraging preclinical and early-phase clinical activity by disrupting recruitment of EP300/CBP to enhancer networks occupied by critical transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Nicosia
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Gary J Spencer
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | | | - Fabio M R Amaral
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Naseer J Basma
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - John A Chadwick
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Bradley Revell
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Bettina Wingelhofer
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Alba Maiques-Diaz
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Oliver Sinclair
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Francesco Camera
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Filippo Ciceri
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Daniel H Wiseman
- Epigenetics of Haematopoiesis Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Neil Pegg
- CellCentric Ltd., Cambridge CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Will West
- CellCentric Ltd., Cambridge CB10 1XL, UK
| | | | - Kris Frese
- CellCentric Ltd., Cambridge CB10 1XL, UK
| | | | | | - James Cavet
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Mhairi Copland
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - Emma Searle
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Tim C P Somervaille
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK.
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12
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Yang K, Li X, Qiu T, Zhou J, Gong X, Lan Y, Ji Y. Effects of propranolol on glucose metabolism in hemangioma-derived endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115922. [PMID: 37956892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign tumor in children. Propranolol is the first-line treatment for IH, but the underlying mechanism of propranolol treatment in IH is not completely understood. Integrated transcriptional and metabolic analyses were performed to investigate the metabolic changes in hemangioma-derived endothelial cells (HemECs) after propranolol treatment. The findings were then further validated through independent cell experiments using a Seahorse XFp analyzer, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and mitochondrial functional assays. Thirty-four differentially expressed metabolites, including the glycolysis metabolites glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, were identified by targeted metabolomics. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the disturbances in these metabolites were highly related to glucose metabolism-related pathways, including the pentose phosphate pathway, the Warburg effect, glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Transcriptional analysis revealed that metabolism-related pathways, including glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and glutathione metabolism, were highly enriched. Moreover, integration of the metabolomic and transcriptomic data revealed that glucose metabolism-related pathways, particularly glycolysis, were altered after propranolol treatment. Cell experiments demonstrated that HemECs exhibited higher levels of glycolysis than human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) and that propranolol suppressed glycolysis in HemECs. In conclusion, propranolol inhibited glucose metabolism in HemECs by suppressing glucose metabolic pathways, particularly glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiying Yang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Xin Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, China
| | - Tong Qiu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiangyuan Zhou
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xue Gong
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuru Lan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yi Ji
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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13
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Emmons MF, Bennett RL, Riva A, Gupta K, Carvalho LADC, Zhang C, Macaulay R, Dupéré-Richér D, Fang B, Seto E, Koomen JM, Li J, Chen YA, Forsyth PA, Licht JD, Smalley KSM. HDAC8-mediated inhibition of EP300 drives a transcriptional state that increases melanoma brain metastasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7759. [PMID: 38030596 PMCID: PMC10686983 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanomas can adopt multiple transcriptional states. Little is known about the epigenetic drivers of these cell states, limiting our ability to regulate melanoma heterogeneity. Here, we identify stress-induced HDAC8 activity as driving melanoma brain metastasis development. Exposure of melanocytes and melanoma cells to multiple stresses increases HDAC8 activation leading to a neural crest-stem cell transcriptional state and an amoeboid, invasive phenotype that increases seeding to the brain. Using ATAC-Seq and ChIP-Seq we show that increased HDAC8 activity alters chromatin structure by increasing H3K27ac and enhancing accessibility at c-Jun binding sites. Functionally, HDAC8 deacetylates the histone acetyltransferase EP300, causing its enzymatic inactivation. This, in turn, increases binding of EP300 to Jun-transcriptional sites and decreases binding to MITF-transcriptional sites. Inhibition of EP300 increases melanoma cell invasion, resistance to stress and increases melanoma brain metastasis development. HDAC8 is identified as a mediator of transcriptional co-factor inactivation and chromatin accessibility that drives brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Emmons
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Richard L Bennett
- UF Health Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Alberto Riva
- Bioinformatics Core, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Kanchan Gupta
- UF Health Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | | | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Robert Macaulay
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Daphne Dupéré-Richér
- UF Health Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Bin Fang
- Proteomics & Metabolomics Core, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Edward Seto
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - John M Koomen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jiannong Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Y Ann Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Peter A Forsyth
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jonathan D Licht
- UF Health Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Keiran S M Smalley
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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14
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Sarkar S, Kandasamy T, Shome R, Ghosh SS. In silico screening and identification of potential drug against p300 acetyltransferase activity in breast cancer via drug repurposing approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37855370 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2270086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence portray the involvement of epigenomic reprogramming in the onset and progression of several malignancies, including breast cancer. Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) p300 is a critical epigenetic regulator that acts as a transcription co-activator and regulates various cellular processes. p300 is overexpressed in breast cancer and promotes cellular invasion and survival, making it a promising druggable target. In this study, the relevance of p300 in different cancer pathways was established. Virtual screening of the FDA-approved drug library was carried out using molecular docking, and the top 10 potential repurposed drugs were identified. Further, recalculation of binding free energy of drug-p300 complexes was carried out using molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann and surface area (MM-PBSA) method after molecular dynamic simulation. Based on molecular dynamic simulation parameters and binding free energy analysis, two drugs, namely Netarsudil (-305.068 kJ/mol) and Imatinib (-260.457 kJ/mol), were identified as potential repurposed drugs to inhibit the activity of p300. In conclusion, these findings suggest, Netarsudil and Imatinib might be a potential repurposed drug to combat breast cancer via p300 inhibition.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Sarkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Thirukumaran Kandasamy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Rajib Shome
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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15
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Zu G, Sun Z, Chen Y, Geng J, Lv J, You Z, Jiang C, Sheng Q, Nie Z. The acetyltransferase BmCBP changes the acetylation modification of BmSP3 and affects its protein expression in silkworm, Bombyx mori. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8509-8521. [PMID: 37642757 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein acetylation is an important post-translational modification (PTM) that widely exists in organisms. As a reversible PTM, acetylation modification can regulate the function of proteins with high efficiency. In the previous study, the acetylation sites of silkworm proteins were identified on a large scale by nano-HPLC/MS/MS (nanoscale high performance liquid chromatography-tandem secondary mass spectrometry), and a total of 11 acetylation sites were discovered on Bombyx mori nutrient-storage protein SP3 (BmSP3). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acetylation level on BmSP3. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, the acetylation of BmSP3 was further verified by immunoprecipitation (IP) and Western blotting. Then, it was confirmed that acetylation could up-regulate the expression of BmSP3 by improving its protein stability in BmN cells. Co-IP and RNAi experiments showed acetyltransferase BmCBP could bind to BmSP3 and catalyze its acetylation modification, then regulate the expression of BmSP3. Furthermore, the knock-down of BmCBP could improve the ubiquitination level of BmSP3. Both acetylation and ubiquitination occur on the side chain of lysine residues, therefore, we speculated that the acetylation of BmSP3 catalyzed by BmCBP could competitively inhibit its ubiquitination modification and improve its protein stability by inhibiting ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation pathway, and thereby increase the expression and intracellular accumulation. CONCLUSIONS BmCBP catalyzes the acetylation of BmSP3 and may improve the stability of BmSP3 by competitive ubiquitination. This conclusion provides a new functional basis for the extensive involvement of acetylation in the regulation of nutrient storage and utilization in silkworm, Bombyx mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Zu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang provincial key laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihan Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang provincial key laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang provincial key laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiasheng Geng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang provincial key laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Lv
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang provincial key laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengying You
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang provincial key laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caiying Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang provincial key laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Sheng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang provincial key laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuoming Nie
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang provincial key laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China.
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16
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang C, Kang R, Tang D, Liu J. EP300 promotes ferroptosis via HSPA5 acetylation in pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15004. [PMID: 37696842 PMCID: PMC10495396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death characterized by oxidative injury-induced lipid peroxidation. However, the detailed protein post-translational modification regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis remains largely unknown. Here, we report that E1A binding protein P300 (EP300) acetyltransferase promotes ferroptosis in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells via the acetylation of heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 (HSPA5), also known as GRP78 or BIP) on the site of K353. Acetylated HSPA5 loses its ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation and subsequent ferroptotic cell death. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of EP300-mediated HSPA5 acetylation on K353 increases PDAC cell resistance to ferroptosis. Moreover, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) limits HSPA5 acetylation and subsequent ferroptosis. Collectively, these findings not only identify regulatory pathways for HSPA5 acetylation during ferroptosis, but also highlight promising strategies to increase ferroptosis sensitivity in PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- DAMP Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- DAMP Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Wang
- DAMP Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Jiao Liu
- DAMP Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Xu L, Xuan H, He W, Zhang L, Huang M, Li K, Wen H, Xu H, Shi X. TAZ2 truncation confers overactivation of p300 and cellular vulnerability to HDAC inhibition. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5362. [PMID: 37660055 PMCID: PMC10475075 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The histone acetyltransferase p300/CBP is composed of several conserved domains, among which, the TAZ2 domain is known as a protein-protein interaction domain that binds to E1A and various transcription factors. Here we show that TAZ2 has a HAT autoinhibitory function. Truncating p300/CBP at TAZ2 leads to hyperactive HAT and elevated histone H3K27 and H3K18 acetylation in cells. Mechanistically, TAZ2 cooperates with other HAT neighboring domains to maintain the HAT active site in a 'closed' state. Truncating TAZ2 or binding of transcription factors to TAZ2 induces a conformational change that 'opens' the active site for substrate acetylation. Importantly, genetic mutations that lead to p300/CBP TAZ2 truncations are found in human cancers, and cells with TAZ2 truncations are vulnerable to histone deacetylase inhibitors. Our study reveals a function of the TAZ2 domain in HAT autoinhibitory regulation and provides a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancers harboring p300/CBP TAZ2 truncations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxia Xu
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Hongwen Xuan
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Wei He
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mengying Huang
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kuai Li
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Hong Wen
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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18
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Ghosh A, Chakraborty P, Biswas D. Fine tuning of the transcription juggernaut: A sweet and sour saga of acetylation and ubiquitination. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194944. [PMID: 37236503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Among post-translational modifications of proteins, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination are most extensively studied over the last several decades. Owing to their different target residues for modifications, cross-talk between phosphorylation with that of acetylation and ubiquitination is relatively less pronounced. However, since canonical acetylation and ubiquitination happen only on the lysine residues, an overlap of the same lysine residue being targeted for both acetylation and ubiquitination happens quite frequently and thus plays key roles in overall functional regulation predominantly through modulation of protein stability. In this review, we discuss the cross-talk of acetylation and ubiquitination in the regulation of protein stability for the functional regulation of cellular processes with an emphasis on transcriptional regulation. Further, we emphasize our understanding of the functional regulation of Super Elongation Complex (SEC)-mediated transcription, through regulation of stabilization by acetylation, deacetylation and ubiquitination and associated enzymes and its implication in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Ghosh
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 32, India
| | - Poushali Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 32, India
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 32, India.
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19
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Hu S, Chen L, Bai Y, He Q, Liu Y, Xu P. Epigenetic mechanisms of lncRNA in response to thermal stress during embryogenesis of allotetraploid Cyprinus carpio. Genomics 2023; 115:110698. [PMID: 37595932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Embryogenesis and epigenetic mechanisms of lncRNA may play an important role in the formation of temperature tolerance in allotetraploid Cyprinus carpio. To investigate the response of lncRNA to thermal stress during embryogenesis of C. carpio, transcriptome sequencing was performed on 81 embryo or larva samples from different early development stages and temperatures. We identified 45,097 lncRNAs and analyzed transcriptome variation during embryogenesis. Stage-specific and temperature-specific DE lncRNAs and DEGs were screened. GO and KEGG analysis identified numerous pathways involved in thermal stress. Temperature-specific regulation of cis-/trans-/antisense lncRNAs was analyzed. Interaction network analysis identified 6 hub lncRNAs and many hub genes, such as cdk1 and hsf1. Decreased expression of many essential genes regulated by lncRNAs may lead to the death of embryos at 33 °C. Our findings provide new insights into the regulation of lncRNA in thermal stress response during embryogenesis and contribute to the understanding of environmental adaptation of allotetraploid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuimu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yulin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qian He
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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20
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Deng SZ, Wu X, Tang J, Dai L, Cheng B. Integrative analysis of lysine acetylation-related genes and identification of a novel prognostic model for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1185832. [PMID: 37705968 PMCID: PMC10495994 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1185832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which accounts for a high proportion of oral cancers, is characterized by high aggressiveness and rising incidence. Lysine acetylation is associated with cancer pathogenesis. Lysine acetylation-related genes (LARGs) are therapeutic targets and potential prognostic indicators in various tumors, including oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, systematic bioinformatics analysis of the Lysine acetylation-related genes in Oral squamous cell carcinoma is still unexplored. Methods: We analyzed the expression of 33 Lysine acetylation-related genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma and the effects of their somatic mutations on oral squamous cell carcinoma prognosis. Consistent clustering analysis identified two lysine acetylation patterns and the differences between the two patterns were further evaluated. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to develop a lysine acetylation-related prognostic model using TCGA oral squamous cell carcinoma datasets, which was then validated using gene expression omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE41613. Results: Patients with lower risk scores had better prognoses, in both the overall cohort and within the subgroups These patients also had "hot" immune microenvironments and were more sensitive to immunotherapy. Disscussion: Our findings offer a new model for classifying oral squamous cell carcinoma and determining its prognosis and offer novel insights into oral squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Zhou Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuechen Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiezhang Tang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lin Dai
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Schoof M, Epplen GD, Walter C, Ballast A, Holdhof D, Göbel C, Neyazi S, Varghese J, Albert TK, Kerl K, Schüller U. The tumor suppressor CREBBP and the oncogene MYCN cooperate to induce malignant brain tumors in mice. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:36. [PMID: 37407554 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor and chromatin modifier cAMP response element-binding protein binding protein (CREBBP) and v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog (MYCN), a member of the MYC oncogene family, are critically involved in brain development. Both genes are frequently mutated in the same tumor entities, including high-grade glioma and medulloblastoma. Therefore, we hypothesized that alterations in both genes cooperate to induce brain tumor formation. For further investigation, hGFAP-cre::CrebbpFl/Fl::lsl-MYCN mice were generated, which combine Crebbp deletion with overexpression of MYCN in neural stem cells (NSCs). Within eight months, these animals developed aggressive forebrain tumors. The first tumors were detectable in the olfactory bulbs of seven-day-old mice. This location raises the possibility that presumptive founder cells are derived from the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ). To examine the cellular biology of these tumors, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed, which revealed high intratumoral heterogeneity. Data comparison with reference CNS cell types indicated the highest similarity of tumor cells with transit-amplifying NSCs or activated NSCs of the V-SVZ. Consequently, we analyzed V-SVZ NSCs of our mouse model aiming to confirm that the tumors originate from this stem cell niche. Mutant V-SVZ NSCs showed significantly increased cell viability and proliferation as well as reduced glial and neural differentiation in vitro compared to control cells. In summary, we demonstrate the oncogenic potential of a combined loss of function of CREBBP and overexpression of MYCN in this cell population. hGFAP-cre::CrebbpFl/Fl::lsl-MYCN mice thus provide a valuable tool to study tumor-driving mechanisms in a key neural stem/ progenitor cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schoof
- Research Institute Children`s Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Carolin Walter
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Annika Ballast
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dörthe Holdhof
- Research Institute Children`s Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Göbel
- Research Institute Children`s Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sina Neyazi
- Research Institute Children`s Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Varghese
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Karl Albert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kornelius Kerl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Research Institute Children`s Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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22
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Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are heterobifunctional small molecules that induce the ternary complex formation between a protein-of-interest (POI) and an E3 ligase, leading to targeted polyubiquitination and degradation of the POI. Particularly, PROTACs have the distinct advantage of targeting both canonical and noncanonical functions of epigenetic targets over traditional inhibitors, which typically target canonical functions only, resulting in greater therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we methodically analyze published PROTAC degraders of epigenetic writer, reader, and eraser proteins and their in vitro and in vivo effects. We highlight the mechanism of action of these degraders and their advantages in targeting both canonical and noncanonical functions of epigenetic targets in the context of cancer treatment. Furthermore, we present a future outlook for this exciting field. Overall, pharmacological degradation of epigenetic targets has emerged as an effective and attractive strategy to thwart cancer progression and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kabir
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
| | - Xufen Yu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
| | - H Ümit Kaniskan
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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23
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Li Q, Zhou L, Qin S, Huang Z, Li B, Liu R, Yang M, Nice EC, Zhu H, Huang C. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras in biotherapeutics: Current trends and future applications. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115447. [PMID: 37229829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The success of inhibitor-based therapeutics is largely constrained by the acquisition of therapeutic resistance, which is partially driven by the undruggable proteome. The emergence of proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology, designed for degrading proteins involved in specific biological processes, might provide a novel framework for solving the above constraint. A heterobifunctional PROTAC molecule could structurally connect an E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand with a protein of interest (POI)-binding ligand by chemical linkers. Such technology would result in the degradation of the targeted protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), opening up a novel way of selectively inhibiting undruggable proteins. Herein, we will highlight the advantages of PROTAC technology and summarize the current understanding of the potential mechanisms involved in biotherapeutics, with a particular focus on its application and development where therapeutic benefits over classical small-molecule inhibitors have been achieved. Finally, we discuss how this technology can contribute to developing biotherapeutic drugs, such as antivirals against infectious diseases, for use in clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Zhao Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Bowen Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Ruolan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Mei Yang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Huili Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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24
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Jones M, Grosche P, Floersheimer A, André J, Gattlen R, Oser D, Tinchant J, Wille R, Chie-Leon B, Gerspacher M, Ertl P, Ostermann N, Altmann E, Manchado E, Vorherr T, Chène P. Design and Biochemical Characterization of Peptidic Inhibitors of the Myb/p300 Interaction. Biochemistry 2023; 62:1321-1329. [PMID: 36883372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The Myb transcription factor is involved in the proliferation of hematopoietic cells, and deregulation of its expression can lead to cancers such as leukemia. Myb interacts with various proteins, including the histone acetyltransferases p300 and CBP. Myb binds to a small domain of p300, the KIX domain (p300KIX), and inhibiting this interaction is a potential new drug discovery strategy in oncology. The available structures show that Myb binds to a very shallow pocket of the KIX domain, indicating that it might be challenging to identify inhibitors of this interaction. Here, we report the design of Myb-derived peptides which interact with p300KIX. We show that by mutating only two Myb residues that bind in or near a hotspot at the surface of p300KIX, it is possible to obtain single-digit nanomolar peptidic inhibitors of the Myb/p300KIX interaction that bind 400-fold tighter to p300KIX than wildtype Myb. These findings suggest that it might also be possible to design potent low molecular-weight compounds to disrupt the Myb/p300KIX interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Jones
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Grosche
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Floersheimer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Jérome André
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Gattlen
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Oser
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Juliette Tinchant
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Roman Wille
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Chie-Leon
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Marc Gerspacher
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Peter Ertl
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Nils Ostermann
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Eva Altmann
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Eusebio Manchado
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Vorherr
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Chène
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
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25
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Hossain MA, Rahman MH, Sultana H, Ahsan A, Rayhan SI, Hasan MI, Sohel M, Somadder PD, Moni MA. An integrated in-silico Pharmaco-BioInformatics approaches to identify synergistic effects of COVID-19 to HIV patients. Comput Biol Med 2023; 155:106656. [PMID: 36805222 PMCID: PMC9911982 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With high inflammatory states from both COVID-19 and HIV conditions further result in complications. The ongoing confrontation between these two viral infections can be avoided by adopting suitable management measures. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to figure out the pharmacological mechanism behind apigenin's role in the synergetic effects of COVID-19 to the progression of HIV patients. METHOD We employed computer-aided methods to uncover similar biological targets and signaling pathways associated with COVID-19 and HIV, along with bioinformatics and network pharmacology techniques to assess the synergetic effects of apigenin on COVID-19 to the progression of HIV, as well as pharmacokinetics analysis to examine apigenin's safety in the human body. RESULT Stress-responsive, membrane receptor, and induction pathways were mostly involved in gene ontology (GO) pathways, whereas apoptosis and inflammatory pathways were significantly associated in the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG). The top 20 hub genes were detected utilizing the shortest path ranked by degree method and protein-protein interaction (PPI), as well as molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were performed, revealing apigenin's strong interaction with hub proteins (MAPK3, RELA, MAPK1, EP300, and AKT1). Moreover, the pharmacokinetic features of apigenin revealed that it is an effective therapeutic agent with minimal adverse effects, for instance, hepatoxicity. CONCLUSION Synergetic effects of COVID-19 on the progression of HIV may still be a danger to global public health. Consequently, advanced solutions are required to give valid information regarding apigenin as a suitable therapeutic agent for the management of COVID-19 and HIV synergetic effects. However, the findings have yet to be confirmed in patients, suggesting more in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arju Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh; Center for Advanced Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligent Research, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh.
| | - Habiba Sultana
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Ahsan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Saiful Islam Rayhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Imran Hasan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sohel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Pratul Dipta Somadder
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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26
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Cheng C, He T, Chen K, Cai Y, Gu Y, Pan L, Duan P, Wu Y, Wu Z. P300 Interacted With N-Myc and Regulated Its Protein Stability via Altering Its Post-Translational Modifications in Neuroblastoma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100504. [PMID: 36708875 PMCID: PMC9984901 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MYCN amplification is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in neuroblastoma (NB), but its protein product cannot be directly targeted because of protein structure. Thus, this study aimed to explore novel ways to indirectly target N-Myc by regulating its post-translational modifications (PTMs) and therefore protein stability. N-Myc coimmunoprecipitation combined with HPLC-MS/MS identified 16 PTM residues and 114 potential N-Myc-interacting proteins. Notably, both acetylation and ubiquitination were identified on lysine 199 of N-Myc. We then discovered that p300, which can interact with N-Myc, modulated the protein stability of N-Myc in MYCN-amplified NB cell lines and simultaneously regulated the acetylation level and ubiquitination level on lysine-199 of N-Myc protein in vitro. Furthermore, p300 correlated with poor prognosis in NB patients. Taken together, p300 can be considered as a potential therapeutic target to treat MYCN-amplified NB patients, and other identified PTMs and interacting proteins also provide potential targets for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanxia Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoyao Gu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiwen Duan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeming Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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27
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Effects of the Acetyltransferase p300 on Tumour Regulation from the Novel Perspective of Posttranslational Protein Modification. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030417. [PMID: 36979352 PMCID: PMC10046601 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
p300 acts as a transcription coactivator and an acetyltransferase that plays an important role in tumourigenesis and progression. In previous studies, it has been confirmed that p300 is an important regulator in regulating the evolution of malignant tumours and it also has extensive functions. From the perspective of non-posttranslational modification, it has been proven that p300 can participate in regulating many pathophysiological processes, such as activating oncogene transcription, promoting tumour cell growth, inducing apoptosis, regulating immune function and affecting embryo development. In recent years, p300 has been found to act as an acetyltransferase that catalyses a variety of protein modification types, such as acetylation, propanylation, butyylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyration, and lactylation. Under the catalysis of this acetyltransferase, it plays its crucial tumourigenic driving role in many malignant tumours. Therefore, the function of p300 acetyltransferase has gradually become a research hotspot. From a posttranslational modification perspective, p300 is involved in the activation of multiple transcription factors and additional processes that promote malignant biological behaviours, such as tumour cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as tumour cell apoptosis, drug resistance, and metabolism. Inhibitors of p300 have been developed and are expected to become novel anticancer drugs for several malignancies. We review the characteristics of the p300 protein and its functional role in tumour from the posttranslational modification perspective, as well as the current status of p300-related inhibitor research, with a view to gaining a comprehensive understanding of p300.
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28
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Cerutti C, Shi JR, Vanacker JM. Multifaceted Transcriptional Network of Estrogen-Related Receptor Alpha in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054265. [PMID: 36901694 PMCID: PMC10002233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptors (ERRα, β and γ in mammals) are orphan members of the nuclear receptor superfamily acting as transcription factors. ERRs are expressed in several cell types and they display various functions in normal and pathological contexts. Amongst others, they are notably involved in bone homeostasis, energy metabolism and cancer progression. In contrast to other nuclear receptors, the activities of the ERRs are apparently not controlled by a natural ligand but they rely on other means such as the availability of transcriptional co-regulators. Here we focus on ERRα and review the variety of co-regulators that have been identified by various means for this receptor and their reported target genes. ERRα cooperates with distinct co-regulators to control the expression of distinct sets of target genes. This exemplifies the combinatorial specificity of transcriptional regulation that induces discrete cellular phenotypes depending on the selected coregulator. We finally propose an integrated view of the ERRα transcriptional network.
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29
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Analysis and therapeutic targeting of the EP300 and CREBBP acetyltransferases in anaplastic large cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. Leukemia 2023; 37:396-407. [PMID: 36456744 PMCID: PMC9949602 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) share a similar cytological and high surface expression of CD30, and novel therapeutic strategies are needed. The EP300 and CREBBP acetyltransferases play essential roles in the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma, but their functions in ALCL and HL are unknown. In the current study, we investigated the physiological roles of EP300 and CREBBP in both ALCL and HL, and exploited the therapeutic potential of EP300/CREBBP small molecule inhibitors that target either the HAT or bromodomain activities. Our studies demonstrated distinct roles for EP300 and CREBBP in supporting the viability of ALCL and HL, which was bolstered by the transcriptome analyses. Specifically, EP300 but not CREBBP directly modulated the expression of oncogenic MYC/IRF4 network, surface receptor CD30, immunoregulatory cytokines IL10 and LTA, and immune checkpoint protein PD-L1. Importantly, EP300/CREBBP HAT inhibitor A-485 and bromodomain inhibitor CPI-637 exhibited strong activities against ALCL and HL in vitro and in xenograft mouse models, and inhibited PD-L1 mediated tumor immune escape. Thus, our studies revealed critical insights into the physiological roles of EP300/CREBBP in these lymphomas, and provided opportunities for developing novel strategies for both targeted and immune therapies.
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30
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Li MM, Awasthi S, Ghosh S, Bisht D, Coban Akdemir ZH, Sheynkman GM, Sahni N, Yi SS. Gain-of-Function Variomics and Multi-omics Network Biology for Precision Medicine. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2660:357-372. [PMID: 37191809 PMCID: PMC10476052 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3163-8_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, disease causal mutations were thought to disrupt gene function. However, it becomes more clear that many deleterious mutations could exhibit a "gain-of-function" (GOF) behavior. Systematic investigation of such mutations has been lacking and largely overlooked. Advances in next-generation sequencing have identified thousands of genomic variants that perturb the normal functions of proteins, further contributing to diverse phenotypic consequences in disease. Elucidating the functional pathways rewired by GOF mutations will be crucial for prioritizing disease-causing variants and their resultant therapeutic liabilities. In distinct cell types (with varying genotypes), precise signal transduction controls cell decision, including gene regulation and phenotypic output. When signal transduction goes awry due to GOF mutations, it would give rise to various disease types. Quantitative and molecular understanding of network perturbations by GOF mutations may provide explanations for 'missing heritability" in previous genome-wide association studies. We envision that it will be instrumental to push current paradigm toward a thorough functional and quantitative modeling of all GOF mutations and their mechanistic molecular events involved in disease development and progression. Many fundamental questions pertaining to genotype-phenotype relationships remain unresolved. For example, which GOF mutations are key for gene regulation and cellular decisions? What are the GOF mechanisms at various regulation levels? How do interaction networks undergo rewiring upon GOF mutations? Is it possible to leverage GOF mutations to reprogram signal transduction in cells, aiming to cure disease? To begin to address these questions, we will cover a wide range of topics regarding GOF disease mutations and their characterization by multi-omic networks. We highlight the fundamental function of GOF mutations and discuss the potential mechanistic effects in the context of signaling networks. We also discuss advances in bioinformatic and computational resources, which will dramatically help with studies on the functional and phenotypic consequences of GOF mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Li
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sharad Awasthi
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sumanta Ghosh
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deepa Bisht
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zeynep H Coban Akdemir
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gloria M Sheynkman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, and UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Nidhi Sahni
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Quantitative and Computational Biosciences Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - S Stephen Yi
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs (ILSGP), College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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31
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Wang Q, Gümüş ZH, Colarossi C, Memeo L, Wang X, Kong CY, Boffetta P. SCLC: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Genetic Susceptibility, Molecular Pathology, Screening, and Early Detection. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:31-46. [PMID: 36243387 PMCID: PMC10797993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We review research regarding the epidemiology, risk factors, genetic susceptibility, molecular pathology, and early detection of SCLC, a deadly tumor that accounts for 14% of lung cancers. We first summarize the changing incidences of SCLC globally and in the United States among males and females. We then review the established risk factor (i.e., tobacco smoking) and suspected nonsmoking-related risk factors for SCLC, and emphasize the importance of continued effort in tobacco control worldwide. Review of genetic susceptibility and molecular pathology suggests different molecular pathways in SCLC development compared with other types of lung cancer. Last, we comment on the limited utility of low-dose computed tomography screening in SCLC and on several promising blood-based molecular biomarkers as potential tools in SCLC early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Cristina Colarossi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Catania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Catania, Italy
| | - Xintong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Chung Yin Kong
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Family, Population & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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32
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Ibrahim Z, Wang T, Destaing O, Salvi N, Hoghoughi N, Chabert C, Rusu A, Gao J, Feletto L, Reynoird N, Schalch T, Zhao Y, Blackledge M, Khochbin S, Panne D. Structural insights into p300 regulation and acetylation-dependent genome organisation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7759. [PMID: 36522330 PMCID: PMC9755262 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications are deposited by chromatin modifying enzymes and read out by proteins that recognize the modified state. BRD4-NUT is an oncogenic fusion protein of the acetyl lysine reader BRD4 that binds to the acetylase p300 and enables formation of long-range intra- and interchromosomal interactions. We here examine how acetylation reading and writing enable formation of such interactions. We show that NUT contains an acidic transcriptional activation domain that binds to the TAZ2 domain of p300. We use NMR to investigate the structure of the complex and found that the TAZ2 domain has an autoinhibitory role for p300. NUT-TAZ2 interaction or mutations found in cancer that interfere with autoinhibition by TAZ2 allosterically activate p300. p300 activation results in a self-organizing, acetylation-dependent feed-forward reaction that enables long-range interactions by bromodomain multivalent acetyl-lysine binding. We discuss the implications for chromatin organisation, gene regulation and dysregulation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Ibrahim
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Destaing
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicola Salvi
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, CEA, UGA, Grenoble, France
| | - Naghmeh Hoghoughi
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Clovis Chabert
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandra Rusu
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jinjun Gao
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Leonardo Feletto
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nicolas Reynoird
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Schalch
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Yingming Zhao
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | | | - Saadi Khochbin
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Panne
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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Torres-Arciga K, Flores-León M, Ruiz-Pérez S, Trujillo-Pineda M, González-Barrios R, Herrera LA. Histones and their chaperones: Adaptive remodelers of an ever-changing chromatinic landscape. Front Genet 2022; 13:1057846. [PMID: 36468032 PMCID: PMC9709290 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1057846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin maintenance and remodeling are processes that take place alongside DNA repair, replication, or transcription to ensure the survival and adaptability of a cell. The environment and the needs of the cell dictate how chromatin is remodeled; particularly where and which histones are deposited, thus changing the canonical histone array to regulate chromatin structure and gene expression. Chromatin is highly dynamic, and histone variants and their chaperones play a crucial role in maintaining the epigenetic regulation at different genomic regions. Despite the large number of histone variants reported to date, studies on their roles in physiological processes and pathologies are emerging but continue to be scarce. Here, we present recent advances in the research on histone variants and their chaperones, with a focus on their importance in molecular mechanisms such as replication, transcription, and DNA damage repair. Additionally, we discuss the emerging role they have in transposable element regulation, aging, and chromatin remodeling syndromes. Finally, we describe currently used methods and their limitations in the study of these proteins and highlight the importance of improving the experimental approaches to further understand this epigenetic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Torres-Arciga
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Flores-León
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Samuel Ruiz-Pérez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Magalli Trujillo-Pineda
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo González-Barrios
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
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A Comprehensive Overview of Recent Advances in Epigenetics in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215384. [DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have brought a novel insight into our understanding of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), along with several breakthrough treatment methods. However, multiple aspects of mechanisms behind this disease remain to be elucidated. Evidence suggests that leukemogenesis in ALL is widely influenced by epigenetic modifications. These changes include: DNA hypermethylation, histone modification and miRNA alteration. DNA hypermethylation in promoter regions, which leads to silencing of tumor suppressor genes, is a common epigenetic alteration in ALL. Histone modifications are mainly caused by an increased expression of histone deacetylases. A dysregulation of miRNA results in changes in the expression of their target genes. To date, several hundred genes were identified as suppressed by epigenetic mechanisms in ALL. What is promising is that epigenetic alterations in ALL may be used as potential biomarkers for classification of subtypes, predicting relapse and disease progression and assessing minimal residual disease. Furthermore, since epigenetic lesions are potentially reversible, an activation of epigenetically silenced genes with the use of hypomethylating agents or histone deacetylase inhibitors may be utilized as a therapeutic strategy for ALL. The following review summarizes our current knowledge about epigenetic modifications in ALL and describes potential uses of epigenetics in the clinical management of this disease.
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Bispo IMC, Granger HP, Almeida PP, Nishiyama PB, de Freitas LM. Systems biology and OMIC data integration to understand gastrointestinal cancers. World J Clin Oncol 2022; 13:762-778. [PMID: 36337313 PMCID: PMC9630993 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i10.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a set of diverse diseases affecting many parts/ organs. The five most frequent GI cancer types are esophageal, gastric cancer (GC), liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer (CRC); together, they give rise to 5 million new cases and cause the death of 3.5 million people annually. We provide information about molecular changes crucial to tumorigenesis and the behavior and prognosis. During the formation of cancer cells, the genomic changes are microsatellite instability with multiple chromosomal arrangements in GC and CRC. The genomically stable subtype is observed in GC and pancreatic cancer. Besides these genomic subtypes, CRC has epigenetic modification (hypermethylation) associated with a poor prognosis. The pathway information highlights the functions shared by GI cancers such as apoptosis; focal adhesion; and the p21-activated kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt, transforming growth factor beta, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. These pathways show survival, cell proliferation, and cell motility. In addition, the immune response and inflammation are also essential elements in the shared functions. We also retrieved information on protein-protein interaction from the STRING database, and found that proteins Akt1, catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), E1A binding protein P300, tumor protein p53 (TP53), and TP53 binding protein 1 (TP53BP1) are central nodes in the network. The protein expression of these genes is associated with overall survival in some GI cancers. The low TP53BP1 expression in CRC, high EP300 expression in esophageal cancer, and increased expression of Akt1/TP53 or low CTNNB1 expression in GC are associated with a poor prognosis. The Kaplan Meier plotter database also confirmed the association between expression of the five central genes and GC survival rates. In conclusion, GI cancers are very diverse at the molecular level. However, the shared mutations and protein pathways might be used to understand better and reveal diagnostic/prognostic or drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iasmin Moreira Costa Bispo
- Núcleo de Biointegração, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45.029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Henry Paul Granger
- Núcleo de Biointegração, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45.029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Palloma Porto Almeida
- Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Patricia Belini Nishiyama
- Núcleo de Biointegração, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45.029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leandro Martins de Freitas
- Núcleo de Biointegração, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45.029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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Singh H, Agrawal DK. Recent advancements in the discovery of cereblon-based protease-targeted chimeras with potential for therapeutic intervention. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1403-1416. [PMID: 36047364 PMCID: PMC9518005 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease-targeted chimeras (PROTACs) have been employed as a novel therapeutic approach, utilizing the ubiquitin-proteasome system for targeted protein degradation. PROTACs are heterobifunctional molecules consisting of an E3 ligase ligand and a small-molecule inhibitor for recruiting a protein of interest. After binding, PROTAC molecules recruit E3 ligase for ubiquitination of the protein of interest, which is followed by its proteasome-mediated degradation. PROTAC molecules have several advantages over traditional small-molecule inhibitors. A number of PROTAC molecules based on small-molecule inhibitors have been developed against various diseases, among which cereblon-based PROTAC molecules have received the greatest interest due to their promising clinical use. This article highlights the current trends in the discovery of cereblon-based PROTAC molecules along with their medicinal chemistry, clinical progression and future outlook in cancers, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harbinder Singh
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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37
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Potential role of Marine Bioactive Compounds targeting signaling pathways in cancer: A review. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 936:175330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lu T, Li C, Xiang C, Gong Y, Peng W, Hou F, Chen C. Over-expression of NFYB affects stromal cells reprogramming and predicts worse survival in gastric cancer patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:7851-7865. [PMID: 36152055 PMCID: PMC9596197 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third most fatal. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an essential role in promoting the occurrence and development of gastric cancer in all stages. NFYB is highly expressed in multiple tumors and promotes tumor invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance, but its role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer remains unclear. Hence, we used TCGA, TIMER, Kaplan-Meier Plot, and UALCAN databases to analyze the expression of NFYB in pan-cancers and assess its clinical prognostic value. We found that high expression of NFYB may be a promising prognostic biomarker in patients with gastric cancer. High expression of NFYB was associated with high T stage, high histological grade, diffuse gastric cancer, and early-onset GC. Moreover, High expression of NFYB was associated with CAFs infiltration in the GC microenvironment. The prognosis of GC patients with high expression of NFYB and high infiltration of CAFs was worse. Therefore, NFYB may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tailiang Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Cailing Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yongqiang Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Futao Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chaowu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Improving the differentiation potential of pluripotent stem cells by optimizing culture conditions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14147. [PMID: 35986054 PMCID: PMC9391418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryoid cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). They retain differentiation and self-renewal potential. However, the differentiation potential of PSCs can be changed by the culture medium. PSCs retain their differentiation potential when cultured with medium that supports the glycolytic pathway, showing high expression of chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7), but lose their differentiation potential with medium that supports mitochondrial function, showing reduced levels of CHD7. Labeling cells by their copy number variant profile revealed that genetically different PSC populations can be cultured by medium selection. Another factor that defines the self-renewal potential of PSCs is culture condition. PSCs form colonies as they grow, and spontaneous differentiation inevitably occurs along the rim of these colonies in areas that lack cell-to-cell contact; because of this, undifferentiated cell populations would diminish if differentiated cells are not removed properly. Seeding cells on a less potent cell-binding material may minimize the inclusion of differentiated cells, exploiting the reduced adhesive properties of differentiated cells. Culturing cells with medium that supports the glycolytic pathway, using CHD7 as a biomarker for differentiation potential, and culturing cells on less sticky material can improve the differentiation potential of already established PSC clones.
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40
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Wu J, Wu C, Li G. Identifying common driver modules by equilibrating coverage and mutual exclusivity across pan-cancer data. Neurocomputing 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2022.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang L, Ye X, Luo S, Xu X, Wang S, Jin K, Zheng Y, Zhu X, Chen D, Jin J, Huang J. Clinical features and next-generation sequencing landscape of essential thrombocythemia, prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis, and overt fibrotic primary myelofibrosis: a Chinese monocentric retrospective study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 149:2383-2392. [PMID: 35731275 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis (pre-PMF) was recognized as a separate entity in the 2016 revised classification of MPN differed from essential thrombocythemia (ET) or overt fibrotic primary myelofibrosis (overt PMF), it has been a subject of debate among experts due to its indefinite diagnosis. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical parameters, haematologic information, and genetic mutations of patients who were diagnosed with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) according to the WHO 2016 criteria in China, including 56 ET patients, 19 pre-PMF patients, and 43 overt PMF patients. RESULTS Pre-PMF patients exhibited higher leukocyte counts [14.2(6.0-28.1) × 109/L vs 9.6(4.0-55.0) × 109/L, P = 0.003], LDH values [307(233-479)U/L vs 241(129-1182)U/L, P < 0.001], onset ages [67(32-76) years vs 50(16-79) years, P = 0.006], a higher frequency of splenomegaly(47.4% vs 16.7%, P = 0.018) and hypertension (57.9 vs 23.2%, P = 0.005) than ET patients. On the other hand, pre-PMF patients had higher platelet counts [960(500-2245) × 109/L vs 633(102-1720) × 109/L, P = 0.017], haemoglobin levels [152(115-174)g/L vs 119(71-200)g/L, P = 0.003], lower LDH values [307(233-479)U/L vs 439(134-8100)U/L, P = 0.007] and a lower frequency of splenomegaly(47.4 vs 75.6%, P = 0.031) than overt PMF patients. Next-generation sequencing landscape was performed in 50 patients, revealed the frequency of EP300 mutations was significantly increased in pre-PMF patients compared with ET and overt PMF patients (60 vs 10 vs 15.79%, P = 0.033), and WT1 was more often overexpressed (WT1/ABL1 copies ≥ 1.0%) in patients with overt PMF than in those with ET or pre-PMF(54.55 vs 16.67 vs 17.65%, P = 0.009). In terms of outcome, male sex, along with symptoms including MPN10, anaemia (haemoglobin < 120 g/L), thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100 × 109/L), leucocytosis (leukocyte counts > 13 × 109/L), high LDH value (> 350U/L), splenomegaly, WT1 overexpression(WT1/ABL1 copies ≥ 1.0%), KMT2A, ASXL1 and TP53 mutations, indicated a poor prognosis for PMF patients. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicated that a comprehensive evaluation of BM features, clinical phenotypes, haematologic parameters, and molecular profiles is needed for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of ET, pre-PMF, and overt PMF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, N1 Shangcheng Road, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingnong Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuna Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, N1 Shangcheng Road, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, N1 Shangcheng Road, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyi Jin
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, N1 Shangcheng Road, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, N1 Shangcheng Road, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiong Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, N1 Shangcheng Road, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, N1 Shangcheng Road, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, N1 Shangcheng Road, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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He M, Cao C, Ni Z, Liu Y, Song P, Hao S, He Y, Sun X, Rao Y. PROTACs: great opportunities for academia and industry (an update from 2020 to 2021). Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:181. [PMID: 35680848 PMCID: PMC9178337 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) technology is a new protein-degradation strategy that has emerged in recent years. It uses bifunctional small molecules to induce the ubiquitination and degradation of target proteins through the ubiquitin–proteasome system. PROTACs can not only be used as potential clinical treatments for diseases such as cancer, immune disorders, viral infections, and neurodegenerative diseases, but also provide unique chemical knockdown tools for biological research in a catalytic, reversible, and rapid manner. In 2019, our group published a review article “PROTACs: great opportunities for academia and industry” in the journal, summarizing the representative compounds of PROTACs reported before the end of 2019. In the past 2 years, the entire field of protein degradation has experienced rapid development, including not only a large increase in the number of research papers on protein-degradation technology but also a rapid increase in the number of small-molecule degraders that have entered the clinical and will enter the clinical stage. In addition to PROTAC and molecular glue technology, other new degradation technologies are also developing rapidly. In this article, we mainly summarize and review the representative PROTACs of related targets published in 2020–2021 to present to researchers the exciting developments in the field of protein degradation. The problems that need to be solved in this field will also be briefly introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming He
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chaoguo Cao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Ni
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yongbo Liu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peilu Song
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Hao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuna He
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yu Rao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
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Li J, Wei W, Lai Z, Lai KP. In silico studies reveal the anti-osteosarcoma targets and action mechanisms of resveratrol. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jin M, Xu S, Cao B, Xu Q, Yan Z, Ren Q, Lin C, Tang C. Regulator of G protein signaling 2 is inhibited by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/E1A binding protein P300 complex upon hypoxia in human preeclampsia. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 147:106211. [PMID: 35430356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related complication that causes maternal and fetal mortality. Despite extensive studies showing the role of hypoxia in preeclampsia progression, the specific mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the possible mechanism underlying hypoxia in preeclampsia. METHODS Human trophoblast-like JEG-3 cell line was used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia contribution to preeclampsia and the expression correlation of key molecules was examined in human placental tissues. Methods include JEG-3 cell culture and hypoxia induction, RNA isolation and quantitative real-time PCR, transient transfection and dual-luciferase assay, western blot, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining, cell proliferation assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, obtainment of human placental tissue sample and immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α is up-regulated in clinical preeclampsia samples, where Regulator of G Protein Signaling 2 is down-regulated. Mechanistically, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α is induced in response to hypoxia, which up-regulates E1A binding protein P300 expression and thereby forms a Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α/E1A binding protein P300 protein-protein complex that binds to the promoter of gene Regulator of G Protein Signaling 2 and subsequently inhibits the transcription of Regulator of G Protein Signaling 2, possibly contributing to the preeclampsia development. In addition, the expression of E1A binding protein P300 is increased in preeclampsia samples, and the expression of Regulator of G Protein Signaling 2 in preeclamptic placentas inversely correlates with the levels of E1A binding protein P300. CONCLUSION Our findings may provide novel insights into understanding the molecular pathogenesis of preeclampsia and may be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Jin
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China; Department of Obstetrics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Shouying Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310057, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Ziyi Yan
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Qianlei Ren
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Chao Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China.
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Sima A, Smădeanu RE, Simionescu AA, Nedelea F, Vlad AM, Becheanu C. Menke–Hennekam Syndrome: A Literature Review and a New Case Report. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9050759. [PMID: 35626936 PMCID: PMC9139512 DOI: 10.3390/children9050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Menke–Hennekam syndrome (MHS) is a rare and recently described syndrome consecutive to the variants in exon 30 or 31 in CREBBP (CREB-binding protein gene). The CREB-binding protein (CREBBP) and EP300 genes are two commonly expressed genes whose products possess acetyltransferase activity for histones and various other proteins. Mutations that affect these two genes are known to cause Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS); however, with the application of whole exome sequencing (WES) there were reports of variants that affect specific regions of exon 30 or 31 of these two genes but without the specific phenotype of RTS. Material and Methods: A review of the available literature was conducted, aimed at underscoring the difficulties in diagnosing MHS based on phenotype particularities. Results: Five applicable studies were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for publications up to November 2021 using the key terms “Menke–Hennekam syndrome” and “CREBBP”. Conclusions: In this paper, we present a new case and highlight the importance of exome sequencing to identify different mutations of exons 30 and 31 of the CREBBP gene involved in MHS, and we make formal recommendations based on our literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Sima
- Department of Pediatrics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Grigore Alexandrescu” Emergency Hospital for Children, 011743 Bucharest, Romania; (A.S.); (A.-M.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Roxana Elena Smădeanu
- Department of Pediatrics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Grigore Alexandrescu” Emergency Hospital for Children, 011743 Bucharest, Romania; (A.S.); (A.-M.V.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-021-316-9366
| | - Anca Angela Simionescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011132 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Florina Nedelea
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011132 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Andreea-Maria Vlad
- Department of Pediatrics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Grigore Alexandrescu” Emergency Hospital for Children, 011743 Bucharest, Romania; (A.S.); (A.-M.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Cristina Becheanu
- Department of Pediatrics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Grigore Alexandrescu” Emergency Hospital for Children, 011743 Bucharest, Romania; (A.S.); (A.-M.V.); (C.B.)
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Histone Modifications and Non-Coding RNAs: Mutual Epigenetic Regulation and Role in Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105801. [PMID: 35628612 PMCID: PMC9146199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, more and more scientists have suggested and confirmed that epigenetic regulators are tightly connected and form a comprehensive network of regulatory pathways and feedback loops. This is particularly interesting for a better understanding of processes that occur in the development and progression of various diseases. Appearing on the preclinical stages of diseases, epigenetic aberrations may be prominent biomarkers. Being dynamic and reversible, epigenetic modifications could become targets for a novel option for therapy. Therefore, in this review, we are focusing on histone modifications and ncRNAs, their mutual regulation, role in cellular processes and potential clinical application.
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Webb T, Craigon C, Ciulli A. Targeting epigenetic modulators using PROTAC degraders: Current status and future perspective. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 63:128653. [PMID: 35257896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modulators perform critical functions in gene expression for rapid adaption to external stimuli and are prevalent in all higher-order organisms. The establishment of a link between dysregulation of epigenetic processes and disease pathogenesis, particularly in cancer, has led to much interest in identifying drug targets. This prompted the development of small molecule inhibitors, primarily in haematological malignancies. While there have been epigenetic-targeting drugs to receive FDA approval for the treatment of cancers, many suffer from limited applicability, toxicity and the onset of drug resistance, as our understanding of the biology remains incomplete. The recent advent of genome-wide RNAi and CRISPR screens has shed new light on loss of specific proteins causing vulnerabilities of specific cancer types, highlighting the potential for exploiting synthetic lethality as a therapeutic approach. However, small molecule inhibitors have largely been unable to recapitulate phenotypic effects observed using genome-wide knockdown approaches. This mechanistic disconnect and gap are set to be addressed by targeted protein degradation. Degraders such as PROTACs targeting epigenetic proteins recapitulate CRISPR mediated genetic knockdown at the post-translational level and therefore can better exploit target druggability. Here, we review the current landscape of epigenetic drug discovery, the rationale behind and progress made in the development of PROTAC degraders, and look at future perspectives for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Webb
- Centre for Targeted Protein Degradation, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Conner Craigon
- Centre for Targeted Protein Degradation, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Ciulli
- Centre for Targeted Protein Degradation, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Genetic and Molecular Characterization Revealed the Prognosis Efficiency of Histone Acetylation in Pan-Digestive Cancers. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3938652. [PMID: 35422864 PMCID: PMC9005301 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3938652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The imbalance between acetylation and deacetylation of histone proteins, important for epigenetic modifications, is closely associated with various diseases, including cancer. However, knowledge regarding the modification of histones across the different types of digestive cancers is still lacking. The purpose of this research was to analyze the role of histone acetylation and deacetylation in pan-digestive cancers. We systematically characterized the molecular alterations and clinical relevance of 13 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and 18 histone deacetylase (HDAC) genes in five types of digestive cancers, including esophageal carcinoma, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. Recurrent mutations and copy number variation (CNV) were extensively found in acetylation-associated genes across pan-digestive cancers. HDAC9 and KAT6A showed widespread copy number amplification across five pan-digestive cancers, while ESCO2, EP300, and HDAC10 had prevalent copy number deletions. Accordingly, we found that HAT and HDAC genes correlated with multiple cancer hallmark-related pathways, especially the histone modification-related pathway, PRC2 complex pathway. Furthermore, the expression pattern of HAT and HDAC genes stratified patients with clinical benefit in hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer. These results indicated that acetylation acts as a key molecular regulation of pan-digestive tumor progression.
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Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a rapidly growing, highly metastatic, and relatively immune-cold lung cancer subtype. Historically viewed in the laboratory and clinic as a single disease, new discoveries suggest that SCLC comprises multiple molecular subsets. Expression of MYC family members and lineage-related transcription factors ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3 (and, in some studies, YAP1) define unique molecular states that have been associated with distinct responses to a variety of therapies. However, SCLC tumors exhibit a high degree of intratumoral heterogeneity, with recent studies suggesting the existence of tumor cell plasticity and phenotypic switching between subtype states. While SCLC plasticity is correlated with, and likely drives, therapeutic resistance, the mechanisms underlying this plasticity are still largely unknown. Subtype states are also associated with immune-related gene expression, which likely impacts response to immune checkpoint blockade and may reveal novel targets for alternative immunotherapeutic approaches. In this review, we synthesize recent discoveries on the mechanisms of SCLC plasticity and how these processes may impinge on antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate D Sutherland
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Abbie S Ireland
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Trudy G Oliver
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Kim KB, Kabra A, Kim DW, Xue Y, Huang Y, Hou PC, Zhou Y, Miranda LJ, Park JI, Shi X, Bender TP, Bushweller JH, Park KS. KIX domain determines a selective tumor-promoting role for EP300 and its vulnerability in small cell lung cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl4618. [PMID: 35171684 PMCID: PMC8849394 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl4618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
EP300, a transcription coactivator important in proliferation and differentiation, is frequently mutated in diverse cancer types, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC). While these mutations are thought to result in loss of EP300 function, the impact on tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that EP300 mutants lacking acetyltransferase domain accelerate tumor development in mouse models of SCLC. However, unexpectedly, complete Ep300 knockout suppresses SCLC development and proliferation. Dissection of EP300 domains identified kinase inducible domain-interacting (KIX) domain, specifically its interaction with transcription factors including MYB, as the determinant of protumorigenic activity. Ala627 in EP300 KIX results in a higher protein-binding affinity than Asp647 at the equivalent position in CREBBP KIX, underlying the selectivity of KIX-binding partners for EP300. Blockade of KIX-mediated interactions inhibits SCLC development in mice and cell growth. This study unravels domain-specific roles for EP300 in SCLC and unique vulnerability of the EP300 KIX domain for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee-Beom Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ashish Kabra
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yongming Xue
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuanjian Huang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pei-Chi Hou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yunpeng Zhou
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Leilani J. Miranda
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Timothy P. Bender
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - John H. Bushweller
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kwon-Sik Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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