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Li X, Sheng S, Li G, Hu Y, Zhou F, Geng Z, Su J. Research Progress in Hydrogels for Cartilage Organoids. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400431. [PMID: 38768997 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The repair and regeneration of cartilage has always been a hot topic in medical research. Cartilage organoids (CORGs) are special cartilage tissue created using tissue engineering techniques outside the body. These engineered organoids tissues provide models that simulate the complex biological functions of cartilage, opening new possibilities for cartilage regenerative medicine and treatment strategies. However, it is crucial to establish suitable matrix scaffolds for the cultivation of CORGs. In recent years, utilizing hydrogel to culture stem cells and induce their differentiation into chondrocytes has emerged as a promising method for the in vitro construction of CORGs. In this review, the methods for establishing CORGs are summarized and an overview of the advantages and limitations of using matrigel in the cultivation of such organoids is provided. Furthermore, the importance of cartilage tissue ECM and alternative hydrogel substitutes for Matrigel, such as alginate, peptides, silk fibroin, and DNA derivatives is discussed, and the pros and cons of using these hydrogels for the cultivation of CORGs are outlined. Finally, the challenges and future directions in hydrogel research for CORGs are discussed. It is hoped that this article provides valuable references for the design and development of hydrogels for CORGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanning Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shihao Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guangfeng Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, 200941, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Fengjin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Zhen Geng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
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McGarry S, Kover K, Heruth DP, Dallas M, Jin X, Wu S, De Luca F. Intermittent mechanical loading on mouse tibia accelerates longitudinal bone growth by inducing PTHrP expression in the female tibial growth plate. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16168. [PMID: 39090666 PMCID: PMC11294027 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
It is not clear as to whether weight bearing and ambulation may affect bone growth. Our goal was to study the role of mechanical loading (one of the components of ambulation) on endochondral ossification and longitudinal bone growth. Thus, we applied cyclical, biologically relevant strains for a prolonged time period (4 weeks) to one tibia of juvenile mice, while using the contralateral one as an internal control. By the end of the 4-week loading period, the mean tibial growth of the loaded tibiae was significantly greater than that of the unloaded tibiae. The mean height and the mean area of the loaded tibial growth plates were greater than those of the unloaded tibiae. In addition, in female mice we found a greater expression of PTHrP in the loaded tibial growth plates than in the unloaded ones. Lastly, microCT analysis revealed no difference between loaded and unloaded tibiae with respect to the fraction of bone volume relative to the total volume of the region of interest or the tibial trabecular bone volume. Thus, our findings suggest that intermittent compressive forces applied on tibiae at mild-moderate strain magnitude induce a significant and persistent longitudinal bone growth. PTHrP expressed in the growth plate appears to be one growth factor responsible for stimulating endochondral ossification and bone growth in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McGarry
- Division of EndocrinologyChildren's Mercy HospitalsKansas CityMissouriUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri‐Kansas City‐School of MedicineKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Karen Kover
- Division of EndocrinologyChildren's Mercy HospitalsKansas CityMissouriUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri‐Kansas City‐School of MedicineKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Daniel P. Heruth
- Division of EndocrinologyChildren's Mercy HospitalsKansas CityMissouriUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri‐Kansas City‐School of MedicineKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Mark Dallas
- University of Missouri‐Kansas City‐School of DentistryKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Xinxin Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Francesco De Luca
- Division of EndocrinologyChildren's Mercy HospitalsKansas CityMissouriUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri‐Kansas City‐School of MedicineKansas CityMissouriUSA
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Schock EN, York JR, Li AP, Tu AY, LaBonne C. SoxB1 transcription factors are essential for initiating and maintaining neural plate border gene expression. Development 2024; 151:dev202693. [PMID: 38940470 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
SoxB1 transcription factors (Sox2/3) are well known for their role in early neural fate specification in the embryo, but little is known about functional roles for SoxB1 factors in non-neural ectodermal cell types, such as the neural plate border (NPB). Using Xenopus laevis, we set out to determine whether SoxB1 transcription factors have a regulatory function in NPB formation. Here, we show that SoxB1 factors are necessary for NPB formation, and that prolonged SoxB1 factor activity blocks the transition from a NPB to a neural crest state. Using ChIP-seq, we demonstrate that Sox3 is enriched upstream of NPB genes in early NPB cells and in blastula stem cells. Depletion of SoxB1 factors in blastula stem cells results in downregulation of NPB genes. Finally, we identify Pou5f3 factors as potential Sox3 partners in regulating the formation of the NPB and show that their combined activity is needed for normal NPB gene expression. Together, these data identify a role for SoxB1 factors in the establishment and maintenance of the NPB, in part through partnership with Pou5f3 factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N Schock
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Joshua R York
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Austin P Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ashlyn Y Tu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Carole LaBonne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NSF-Simons National Institute for Theory and Mathematics in Biology, 875 N Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Hu L, Chen W, Qian A, Li YP. Wnt/β-catenin signaling components and mechanisms in bone formation, homeostasis, and disease. Bone Res 2024; 12:39. [PMID: 38987555 PMCID: PMC11237130 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Wnts are secreted, lipid-modified proteins that bind to different receptors on the cell surface to activate canonical or non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways, which control various biological processes throughout embryonic development and adult life. Aberrant Wnt signaling pathway underlies a wide range of human disease pathogeneses. In this review, we provide an update of Wnt/β-catenin signaling components and mechanisms in bone formation, homeostasis, and diseases. The Wnt proteins, receptors, activators, inhibitors, and the crosstalk of Wnt signaling pathways with other signaling pathways are summarized and discussed. We mainly review Wnt signaling functions in bone formation, homeostasis, and related diseases, and summarize mouse models carrying genetic modifications of Wnt signaling components. Moreover, the therapeutic strategies for treating bone diseases by targeting Wnt signaling, including the extracellular molecules, cytosol components, and nuclear components of Wnt signaling are reviewed. In summary, this paper reviews our current understanding of the mechanisms by which Wnt signaling regulates bone formation, homeostasis, and the efforts targeting Wnt signaling for treating bone diseases. Finally, the paper evaluates the important questions in Wnt signaling to be further explored based on the progress of new biological analytical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Hu
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Airong Qian
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Shang T, Jiang T, Cui X, Pan Y, Feng X, Dong L, Wang H. Diverse functions of SOX9 in liver development and homeostasis and hepatobiliary diseases. Genes Dis 2024; 11:100996. [PMID: 38523677 PMCID: PMC10958229 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver is the central organ for digestion and detoxification and has unique metabolic and regenerative capacities. The hepatobiliary system originates from the foregut endoderm, in which cells undergo multiple events of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation to form the liver parenchyma and ductal system under the hierarchical regulation of transcription factors. Studies on liver development and diseases have revealed that SRY-related high-mobility group box 9 (SOX9) plays an important role in liver embryogenesis and the progression of hepatobiliary diseases. SOX9 is not only a master regulator of cell fate determination and tissue morphogenesis, but also regulates various biological features of cancer, including cancer stemness, invasion, and drug resistance, making SOX9 a potential biomarker for tumor prognosis and progression. This review systematically summarizes the latest findings of SOX9 in hepatobiliary development, homeostasis, and disease. We also highlight the value of SOX9 as a novel biomarker and potential target for the clinical treatment of major liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyu Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaowen Cui
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Yufei Pan
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Xiaofan Feng
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liwei Dong
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University & Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, China
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Tophkhane SS, Fu K, Verheyen EM, Richman JM. Craniofacial studies in chicken embryos confirm the pathogenicity of human FZD2 variants associated with Robinow syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050584. [PMID: 38967226 PMCID: PMC11247504 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Robinow syndrome is a rare disease caused by variants of seven WNT pathway genes. Craniofacial features include widening of the nasal bridge and jaw hypoplasia. We used the chicken embryo to test whether two missense human FZD2 variants (1301G>T, p.Gly434Val; 425C>T, p.Pro142Lys) were sufficient to change frontonasal mass development. In vivo, the overexpression of retroviruses with wild-type or variant human FZD2 inhibited upper beak ossification. In primary cultures, wild-type and variant human FZD2 significantly inhibited chondrogenesis, with the 425C>T variant significantly decreasing activity of a SOX9 luciferase reporter compared to that for the wild type or 1301G>T. Both variants also increased nuclear shuttling of β-catenin (CTNNB1) and increased the expression of TWIST1, which are inhibitory to chondrogenesis. In canonical WNT luciferase assays using frontonasal mass cells, the variants had dominant-negative effects on wild-type FZD2. In non-canonical assays, the 425C>T variant failed to activate the reporter above control levels and was unresponsive to exogenous WNT5A. This is the first single amino acid change to selectively alter ligand binding in a FZD receptor. Therefore, FZD2 missense variants are pathogenic and could lead to the altered craniofacial morphogenesis seen in Robinow syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti S. Tophkhane
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Katherine Fu
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Esther M. Verheyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Joy M. Richman
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Mamachan M, Sharun K, Banu SA, Muthu S, Pawde AM, Abualigah L, Maiti SK. Mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration: Insights into molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategies. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102380. [PMID: 38615643 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cartilage regeneration has gained significant attention in regenerative medicine. This paper reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying MSC-based cartilage regeneration and explores various therapeutic strategies to enhance the efficacy of MSCs in this context. MSCs exhibit multipotent capabilities and can differentiate into various cell lineages under specific microenvironmental cues. Chondrogenic differentiation, a complex process involving signaling pathways, transcription factors, and growth factors, plays a pivotal role in the successful regeneration of cartilage tissue. The chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs is tightly regulated by growth factors and signaling pathways such as TGF-β, BMP, Wnt/β-catenin, RhoA/ROCK, NOTCH, and IHH (Indian hedgehog). Understanding the intricate balance between these pathways is crucial for directing lineage-specific differentiation and preventing undesirable chondrocyte hypertrophy. Additionally, paracrine effects of MSCs, mediated by the secretion of bioactive factors, contribute significantly to immunomodulation, recruitment of endogenous stem cells, and maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype. Pre-treatment strategies utilized to potentiate MSCs, such as hypoxic conditions, low-intensity ultrasound, kartogenin treatment, and gene editing, are also discussed for their potential to enhance MSC survival, differentiation, and paracrine effects. In conclusion, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in MSC-based cartilage regeneration and outlines promising therapeutic strategies. The insights presented contribute to the ongoing efforts in optimizing MSC-based therapies for effective cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Mamachan
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - S Amitha Banu
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Kaur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit M Pawde
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Laith Abualigah
- Artificial Intelligence and Sensing Technologies (AIST) Research Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan; Computer Science Department, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan; MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos 13-5053, Lebanon; Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya 27500, Malaysia
| | - Swapan Kumar Maiti
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hakata T, Ueda Y, Yamashita T, Yamauchi I, Kosugi D, Sugawa T, Fujita H, Okamoto K, Fujii T, Taura D, Yasoda A, Akiyama H, Inagaki N. Neprilysin Inhibition Promotes Skeletal Growth via the CNP/NPR-B Pathway. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae058. [PMID: 38752331 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) plays a crucial role in enhancing endochondral bone growth and holds promise as a therapeutic agent for impaired skeletal growth. To overcome CNP's short half-life, we explored the potential of dampening its clearance system. Neprilysin (NEP) is an endopeptidase responsible for catalyzing the degradation of CNP. Thus, we investigated the effects of NEP inhibition on skeletal growth by administering sacubitril, a NEP inhibitor, to C57BL/6 mice. Remarkably, we observed a dose-dependent skeletal overgrowth phenotype in mice treated with sacubitril. Histological analysis of the growth plate revealed a thickening of the hypertrophic and proliferative zones, mirroring the changes induced by CNP administration. The promotion of skeletal growth observed in wild-type mice treated with sacubitril was nullified by the knockout of cartilage-specific natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B). Notably, sacubitril promoted skeletal growth in mice only at 3 to 4 weeks of age, a period when endogenous CNP and NEP expression was higher in the lumbar vertebrae. Additionally, sacubitril facilitated endochondral bone growth in organ culture experiments using tibial explants from fetal mice. These findings suggest that NEP inhibition significantly promotes skeletal growth via the CNP/NPR-B pathway, warranting further investigations for potential applications in people with short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Hakata
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yohei Ueda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yamashita
- Metabolism and Endocrinology Division of Internal Medicine, Kishiwada City Hospital, Osaka 596-8501, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kosugi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taku Sugawa
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Haruka Fujita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okamoto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshihito Fujii
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yasoda
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Medical Research Institute KITANO HOSPITAL, PIIF Tazuke-kofukai, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
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Stanton E, Sheridan S, Urata M, Chai Y. From Bedside to Bench and Back: Advancing Our Understanding of the Pathophysiology of Cleft Palate and Implications for the Future. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024; 61:759-773. [PMID: 36457208 DOI: 10.1177/10556656221142098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of cleft palate (CP) and future perspectives. DESIGN Literature review. SETTING Setting varied across studies by level of care and geographical locations. INTERVENTIONS No interventions were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Primary outcome measures were to summarize our current understanding of palatogenesis in humans and animal models, the pathophysiology of CP, and potential future treatment modalities. RESULTS Animal research has provided considerable insight into the pathophysiology, molecular and cellular mechanisms of CP that have allowed for the development of novel treatment strategies. However, much work has yet to be done to connect our mouse model investigations and discoveries to CP in humans. The success of innovative strategies for tissue regeneration in mice provides promise for an exciting new avenue for improved and more targeted management of cleft care with precision medicine in patients. However, significant barriers to clinical translation remain. Among the most notable challenges include the differences in some aspects of palatogenesis and tissue repair between mice and humans, suggesting that potential therapies that have worked in animal models may not provide similar benefits to humans. CONCLUSIONS Increased translation of pathophysiological and tissue regeneration studies to clinical trials will bridge a wide gap in knowledge between animal models and human disease. By enhancing interaction between basic scientists and clinicians, and employing our animal model findings of disease mechanisms in concert with what we glean in the clinic, we can generate a more targeted and improved treatment algorithm for patients with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Stanton
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Sheridan
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark Urata
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zhang Y, Wen J, Lai R, Zhang J, Li K, Zhang Y, Liu A, Bai X. Rheb1 is required for limb growth through regulating chondrogenesis in growth plate. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 395:261-269. [PMID: 38253890 PMCID: PMC10904423 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03861-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Ras homology enriched in the brain (Rheb) is well established as a critical regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation in response to growth factors and nutrients. However, the role of Rheb1 in limb development remains unknown. Here, we found that Rheb1 was dynamically expressed during the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in the growth plate. Given that Prrx1+ limb-bud-like mesenchymal cells are the source of limb chondrocytes and are essential for endochondral ossification, we conditionally deleted Rheb1 using Prrx1-Cre and found a limb dwarfism in Prrx1-Cre; Rheb1fl/fl mice. Normalized to growth plate height, the conditional knockout (cKO) mice exhibited a significant decrease in column count of proliferative zones which was increased in hypertrophic zones resulting in decreased growth plate size, indicating abnormal endochondral ossification. Interestingly, although Rheb1 deletion profoundly inhibited the transcription factor Sox9 in limb cartilage; levels of runx2 and collagen type 2 were both increased. These novel findings highlight the essential role of Rheb1 in limb growth and indicate a complex regulation of Rheb1 in chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Wen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijun Lai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahuan Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Anling Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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Molin AN, Contentin R, Angelozzi M, Karvande A, Kc R, Haseeb A, Voskamp C, de Charleroy C, Lefebvre V. Skeletal growth is enhanced by a shared role for SOX8 and SOX9 in promoting reserve chondrocyte commitment to columnar proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316969121. [PMID: 38346197 PMCID: PMC10895259 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316969121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
SOX8 was linked in a genome-wide association study to human height heritability, but roles in chondrocytes for this close relative of the master chondrogenic transcription factor SOX9 remain unknown. We undertook here to fill this knowledge gap. High-throughput assays demonstrate expression of human SOX8 and mouse Sox8 in growth plate cartilage. In situ assays show that Sox8 is expressed at a similar level as Sox9 in reserve and early columnar chondrocytes and turned off when Sox9 expression peaks in late columnar and prehypertrophic chondrocytes. Sox8-/- mice and Sox8fl/flPrx1Cre and Sox9fl/+Prx1Cre mice (inactivation in limb skeletal cells) have a normal or near normal skeletal size. In contrast, juvenile and adult Sox8fl/flSox9fl/+Prx1Cre compound mutants exhibit a 15 to 20% shortening of long bones. Their growth plate reserve chondrocytes progress slowly toward the columnar stage, as witnessed by a delay in down-regulating Pthlh expression, in packing in columns and in elevating their proliferation rate. SOX8 or SOX9 overexpression in chondrocytes reveals not only that SOX8 can promote growth plate cell proliferation and differentiation, even upon inactivation of endogenous Sox9, but also that it is more efficient than SOX9, possibly due to greater protein stability. Altogether, these findings uncover a major role for SOX8 and SOX9 in promoting skeletal growth by stimulating commitment of growth plate reserve chondrocytes to actively proliferating columnar cells. Further, by showing that SOX8 is more chondrogenic than SOX9, they suggest that SOX8 could be preferred over SOX9 in therapies to promote cartilage formation or regeneration in developmental and degenerative cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud N. Molin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Romain Contentin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Marco Angelozzi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Anirudha Karvande
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Ranjan Kc
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Chantal Voskamp
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Charles de Charleroy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Véronique Lefebvre
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
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12
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Xu L, Li Y, Mei L, Qi H, Fang J, Li Y. Local injection of abaloparatide promotes mandibular condyle lengthening in adolescent rats via enhancing chondrogenesis and ossification. J Oral Rehabil 2024; 51:380-393. [PMID: 37727017 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mandibular condylar hypoplasia negatively affects patient's facial appearance and dentofacial function. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of local injection of the drug abaloparatide (ABL), an analogue of parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP), on promoting lengthening of the mandibular condyle. METHODS Thirty adolescent male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, which received the injection of ABL or normal saline (the control) every 3 days in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) cavity. Cone-beam computed tomography and immunohistochemistry assays were performed at 2, 4 and 6 weeks since the injection. Mandibular condylar chondrocytes (MCC) and pre-osteoblasts were treated with ABL or PBS, followed by the CCK-8 detection, IC50, real-time PCR assay, Western Blot and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS In vivo, compared with the control, the ABL group significantly increased the mandibular condylar process length (by 1.34 ± 0.59 mm at 6 weeks), the thickness of the cartilage layer, and enhanced the matrix synthesis. The ABL group had significant up-regulation of SOX 9, COL II, PTHrP and PTH1R, down-regulation of COL X in the cartilage, up-regulation of RUNX 2, and unchanged osteoclastogenesis in the subchondral bone. In vitro, the intra-TMJ injection of ABL promoted the MCC proliferation, with up-regulated expression of chondrogenic genes, and enhanced osteogenic differentiation of the pre-osteoblasts. CONCLUSIONS Intra-TMJ injection of abaloparatide promotes mandibular condyle lengthening in the adolescent rats via enhancing chondrogenesis in the mandibular condylar cartilage and ossification in the subchondral bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Mei
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hexu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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13
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Zhou H, Mu Y, Ma C, Zhang Z, Tao C, Wang DA. Rejuvenating Hyaline Cartilaginous Phenotype of Dedifferentiated Chondrocytes in Collagen II Scaffolds: A Mechanism Study Using Chondrocyte Membrane Nanoaggregates as Antagonists. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2077-2090. [PMID: 38194361 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Joint cartilage lesions affect the global population in the current aging society. Maintenance and rejuvenation of articular cartilage with hyaline phenotype remains a challenge as the underlying mechanism has not been completely understood. Here, we have designed and performed a mechanism study using scaffolds made of type II collagen (Col2) as the 3D cell cultural platforms, on some of which nanoaggregates comprising extracts of chondrocyte membrane (CCM) were coated as the antagonist of Col2. Dedifferentiated chondrocytes were, respectively, seeded into these Col2 based scaffolds with (antCol2S) or without (Col2S) CCM coating. After 6 weeks, in Col2S, the chondrocytes were rejuvenated to regain hyaline phenotype, whereas this redifferentiation effect was attenuated in antCol2S. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling indicated that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is an opponent to maintenance of the hyaline cartilaginous phenotype, was inhibited in Col2S, but it was contrarily upregulated in antCol2S due to the antagonism and shielding against Col2 by the CCM coating. Specifically, in antCol2S, since the coated CCM nanoaggregates contain the same components as those present on the surface of the seeded chondrocytes, the corresponding ligand sites on Col2 had been preoccupied and saturated by CCM coating before exposure to the seeded cells. The results indicated that the ligation between Col2 ligands and integrin α5 receptors on the surface of the seeded chondrocytes in antCol2S was antagonized by the CCM coating, which facilitates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling toward the loss of hyaline cartilaginous phenotype. This finding reveals the contribution of Col2 for maintenance and rejuvenation of the hyaline cartilaginous phenotype in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yulei Mu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chao Tao
- Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dong-An Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 999077, P. R. China
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14
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Wu D, Bai D, Yang M, Wu B, Xu W. Role of Sox9 in BPD and its effects on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and AEC-II differentiation. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:20. [PMID: 38212314 PMCID: PMC10784471 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The excessive activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is an important regulatory mechanism that underlies the excessive proliferation and impaired differentiation of type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC-II) in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Sox9 has been shown to be an important repressor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and plays an important regulatory role in various pathophysiological processes. We found that the increased expression of Sox9 in the early stages of BPD could downregulate the expression of β-catenin and promote the differentiation of AEC-II cells into AEC-I, thereby alleviating the pathological changes in BPD. The expression of Sox9 in BPD is regulated by long noncoding RNA growth arrest-specific 5. These findings may provide new targets for the early intervention of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Intensive Care unit, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongqin Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Miao Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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15
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He Q, Xu S, He F, Wu Z, Wu F, Zhou R, Zhou B, Li F, Yang X. Combined Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Characterization of the Molecular Regulators and Functional Modules During Pancreatic Progenitor Cell Development. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:40-51. [PMID: 37993262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Differentiated multipotent pancreatic progenitors have major advantages for both modeling pancreas development and preventing or treating diabetes. Despite significant advancements in inducing the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into insulin-producing cells, the complete mechanism governing proliferation and differentiation remains poorly understood. This study used large-scale mass spectrometry to characterize molecular processes at various stages of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation toward pancreatic progenitors. hESCs were induced into pancreatic progenitor cells in a five-stage differentiation protocol. A high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platform was used to undertake comprehensive proteome and phosphoproteome profiling of cells at different stages. A series of bioinformatic explorations, including coregulated modules, gene regulatory networks, and phosphosite enrichment analysis, were then conducted. A total of 27,077 unique phosphorylated sites and 8122 proteins were detected, including several cyclin-dependent kinases at the initial stage of cell differentiation. Furthermore, we discovered that ERK1, a member of the MAPK cascade, contributed to proliferation at an early stage. Finally, Western blotting confirmed that the phosphosites from SIRT1 and CHEK1 could inhibit the corresponding substrate abundance in the late stage. Thus, this study extends our understanding of the molecular mechanism during pancreatic cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian He
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Transformation, Shenzhen Immune Cell Therapy Public Service Platform, Shenzhen 518020, China
- Institute of Health Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaohang Xu
- Deepxomics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Fei He
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Transformation, Shenzhen Immune Cell Therapy Public Service Platform, Shenzhen 518020, China
- Institute of Health Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zubiao Wu
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Transformation, Shenzhen Immune Cell Therapy Public Service Platform, Shenzhen 518020, China
- Institute of Health Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fujian Wu
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Transformation, Shenzhen Immune Cell Therapy Public Service Platform, Shenzhen 518020, China
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Station of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Institute of Health Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ruo Zhou
- Deepxomics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Baojin Zhou
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Furong Li
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Transformation, Shenzhen Immune Cell Therapy Public Service Platform, Shenzhen 518020, China
- Institute of Health Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Transformation, Shenzhen Immune Cell Therapy Public Service Platform, Shenzhen 518020, China
- Institute of Health Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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16
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Knill C, Henderson EJ, Johnson C, Wah VY, Cheng K, Forster AJ, Itasaki N. Defects of the spliceosomal gene SNRPB affect osteo- and chondro-differentiation. FEBS J 2024; 291:272-291. [PMID: 37584444 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Although gene splicing occurs throughout the body, the phenotype of spliceosomal defects is largely limited to specific tissues. Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome (CCMS) is one such spliceosomal disease, which presents as congenital skeletal dysmorphism and is caused by mutations of SNRPB gene encoding Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptides B/B' (SmB/B'). This study employed in vitro cell cultures to monitor osteo- and chondro-differentiation and examined the role of SmB/B' in the differentiation process. We found that low levels of SmB/B' by knockdown or mutations of SNRPB led to suppressed osteodifferentiation in Saos-2 osteoprogenitor-like cells, which was accompanied by affected splicing of Dlx5. On the other hand, low SmB/B' led to promoted chondrogenesis in HEPM mesenchymal stem cells. Consistent with other reports, osteogenesis was promoted by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activator and suppressed by Wnt and BMP blockers, whereas chondrogenesis was promoted by Wnt inhibitors. Suppressed osteogenic markers by SNRPB knockdown were partly rescued by Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. Reporter analysis revealed that suppression of SNRPB results in attenuated Wnt pathway and/or enhanced BMP pathway activities. SNRPB knockdown altered splicing of TCF7L2 which impacts Wnt/β-catenin pathway activities. This work helps unravel the mechanism underlying CCMS whereby reduced expression of spliceosomal proteins causes skeletal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Knill
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | | | - Craig Johnson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Vun Yee Wah
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Kevin Cheng
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | | | - Nobue Itasaki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
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17
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Xu Y, Park SH, Gye MC. Head dysgenesis and disruption of cranial neural crest stem cells behaviour by 4-octylphenol in fire-bellied toad Bombina orientalis embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122697. [PMID: 37804908 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Alkylphenolic endocrine disruptors (Eds) have been known to affect development of the descendants of multipotent neural crest cells (NCCs) in amphibian embryos. To unravel the mechanism of head dysgenesis induced by alkylphenols in amphibians, the effect of 4-octylphenol (OP) on the differentiation of cranial NCCs in developing embryos and tadpoles, ex vivo NC explant, and isolated NCCs was examined in fire-bellied toad Bombina orientalis with 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 and 50 μM concentrations. Following OP treatment, head cartilages were frequently absent together with the decreased col2a1 mRNA level in tadpoles. While the lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), apoptosis, and DNA fragmentation were significantly increased in stage 22 neulurae and heads of stage 45 tadpoles. In stage 22 neulurae, OP decreased sox9 mRNA, the master transcription factor for chondrogenic differentiation and increased undifferentiated NCC markers. The ectopic NCCs were found in endoderm while mesodermal SOX10(+) cells were decreased. In cranial NCCs isolated from stage 22 embryos, OP treatment decreased cellular survival and increased apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration. In chondrogenic induced cranial NC explants, OP treatment decreased SOX9(+) chondrocytes and cartilage development. Together, OP potentiated oxidative damage, apoptosis, EMT, and ectopic migration of NCCs. Considering that tissue differentiation requires stem cells to activate the molecular mechanism of differentiation at the correct location during embryonic development, these changes caused by OP may inhibit sox9-dependent chondrogenic differentiation of cranial NCCs, leading to head dysgenesis in B. orientalis embryos. Therefore, developing multipotent NCCs could be an important target of OP, provides new direction for the estimation of the risk of EDs exposure in human and wildlife animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Park
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chan Gye
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Liu G, Zhu G, Wu X, Tang Z, Shao W, Wang M, Xia H, Sun Q, Yan M. Thy-1 knockdown promotes the osteogenic differentiation of GMSCs via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3805-3815. [PMID: 37786319 PMCID: PMC10718136 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are newly developed seed cells for tissue engineering owing to their easy isolation, abundance and high growth rates. Thy-1 is an important regulatory molecule in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, we investigated the function of Thy-1 in the osteogenic differentiation of GMSCs by reducing the expression of Thy-1 using a lentivirus. The results demonstrated that Thy-1 knockdown promoted the osteogenic differentiation of GMSCs in vitro. Validation by RNA-seq revealed an obvious decrease in Vcam1 and Sox9 gene expression with Thy-1 knockdown. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis suggested that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in the Wnt signalling pathway. We further demonstrated that Thy-1 knockdown promoted osteogenic differentiation of GMSCs by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Therefore, Thy-1 has a key regulatory role in the differentiation of GMSCs and maybe a core molecule connecting transcription factors related to the differentiation of MSCs. Our study also highlighted the potential of Thy-1 to modify MSCs, which may help improve their use in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gufeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guixin Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital and School of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital and School of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Quan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
- Center for Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry, Optics Valley Branch, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mingdong Yan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouPeople's Republic of China
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19
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Goto A, Komura S, Kato K, Maki R, Hirakawa A, Tomita H, Hirata A, Yamada Y, Akiyama H. C-X-C domain ligand 14-mediated stromal cell-macrophage interaction as a therapeutic target for hand dermal fibrosis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1173. [PMID: 37980373 PMCID: PMC10657354 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dupuytren's contracture, a superficial dermal fibrosis, causes flexion contracture of the affected finger, impairing hand function. Specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms within genes in the Wnt signalling pathway are associated with the disease. However, the precise role of Wnt signalling dysregulation in the onset and progression of Dupuytren's contracture remains unclear. Here, using a fibrosis mouse model and clinical samples of human Dupuytren's contractures, we demonstrate that the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in Tppp3-positive cells in the dermis of the paw is associated with the development of fibrosis. Fibrosis development and progression via Wnt/β-catenin signalling are closely related to stromal cell-macrophage interactions, and Wnt/β-catenin signalling activation in Tppp3-positive stromal cells causes M2 macrophage infiltration via chemokine Cxcl14, resulting in the formation of a TGF-β-expressing fibrotic niche. Inhibition of Cxcl14 mitigates fibrosis by decreasing macrophage infiltration. These findings suggest that Cxcl14-mediated stromal cell-macrophage interaction is a promising therapeutic target for Wnt/β-catenin-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Goto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Shingo Komura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Koki Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Rie Maki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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20
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Huang X, Henck J, Qiu C, Sreenivasan VKA, Balachandran S, Amarie OV, Hrabě de Angelis M, Behncke RY, Chan WL, Despang A, Dickel DE, Duran M, Feuchtinger A, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Haag N, Hägerling R, Hansmeier N, Hennig F, Marshall C, Rajderkar S, Ringel A, Robson M, Saunders LM, da Silva-Buttkus P, Spielmann N, Srivatsan SR, Ulferts S, Wittler L, Zhu Y, Kalscheuer VM, Ibrahim DM, Kurth I, Kornak U, Visel A, Pennacchio LA, Beier DR, Trapnell C, Cao J, Shendure J, Spielmann M. Single-cell, whole-embryo phenotyping of mammalian developmental disorders. Nature 2023; 623:772-781. [PMID: 37968388 PMCID: PMC10665194 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models are a critical tool for studying human diseases, particularly developmental disorders1. However, conventional approaches for phenotyping may fail to detect subtle defects throughout the developing mouse2. Here we set out to establish single-cell RNA sequencing of the whole embryo as a scalable platform for the systematic phenotyping of mouse genetic models. We applied combinatorial indexing-based single-cell RNA sequencing3 to profile 101 embryos of 22 mutant and 4 wild-type genotypes at embryonic day 13.5, altogether profiling more than 1.6 million nuclei. The 22 mutants represent a range of anticipated phenotypic severities, from established multisystem disorders to deletions of individual regulatory regions4,5. We developed and applied several analytical frameworks for detecting differences in composition and/or gene expression across 52 cell types or trajectories. Some mutants exhibit changes in dozens of trajectories whereas others exhibit changes in only a few cell types. We also identify differences between widely used wild-type strains, compare phenotyping of gain- versus loss-of-function mutants and characterize deletions of topological associating domain boundaries. Notably, some changes are shared among mutants, suggesting that developmental pleiotropy might be 'decomposable' through further scaling of this approach. Overall, our findings show how single-cell profiling of whole embryos can enable the systematic molecular and cellular phenotypic characterization of mouse mutants with unprecedented breadth and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfan Huang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jana Henck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck & Kiel University, Lübeck, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chengxiang Qiu
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Varun K A Sreenivasan
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck & Kiel University, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Saranya Balachandran
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck & Kiel University, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Oana V Amarie
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rose Yinghan Behncke
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics of the Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wing-Lee Chan
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics of the Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Despang
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diane E Dickel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Madeleine Duran
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Core Facility Pathology & Tissue Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Natja Haag
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene Hägerling
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics of the Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Hansmeier
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics of the Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Cooper Marshall
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Alessa Ringel
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics of the Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Robson
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lauren M Saunders
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Patricia da Silva-Buttkus
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Spielmann
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sanjay R Srivatsan
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sascha Ulferts
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics of the Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Wittler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yiwen Zhu
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel M Ibrahim
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Axel Visel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - David R Beier
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Junyue Cao
- Laboratory of Single-Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Malte Spielmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck & Kiel University, Lübeck, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany.
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21
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Quadri N, Upadhyai P. Primary cilia in skeletal development and disease. Exp Cell Res 2023; 431:113751. [PMID: 37574037 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are non-motile, microtubule-based sensory organelle present in most vertebrate cells with a fundamental role in the modulation of organismal development, morphogenesis, and repair. Here we focus on the role of primary cilia in embryonic and postnatal skeletal development. We examine evidence supporting its involvement in physiochemical and developmental signaling that regulates proliferation, patterning, differentiation and homeostasis of osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and their progenitor cells in the skeleton. We discuss how signaling effectors in mechanotransduction and bone development, such as Hedgehog, Wnt, Fibroblast growth factor and second messenger pathways operate at least in part at the primary cilium. The relevance of primary cilia in bone formation and maintenance is underscored by a growing list of rare genetic skeletal ciliopathies. We collate these findings and summarize the current understanding of molecular factors and mechanisms governing primary ciliogenesis and ciliary function in skeletal development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Quadri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Priyanka Upadhyai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
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22
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Mendes JPP, Zhu N, Wong PK. A sticky-end probe biosensor for homogeneous detection of transcription factor binding activity. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:345-350. [PMID: 37220830 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors are essential regulators of various physiological and pathological processes. However, detecting transcription factor-DNA binding activities is often time-consuming and labor-intensive. Homogeneous biosensors that are compatible with mix-and-measure protocols have the potential to simplify the workflow for therapeutic screening and disease diagnostics. In this study, we apply a combined computational-experimental approach to investigate the design of a sticky-end probe biosensor, where the transcription factor-DNA complex stabilizes the fluorescence resonance energy transfer signal of the donor-acceptor pair. We design a sticky-end biosensor for the SOX9 transcription factor based on the consensus sequence and characterize its sensing performance. A systems biology model is also developed to investigate the reaction kinetics and optimize the operating conditions. Taken together, our study provides a conceptual framework for the design and optimization of sticky-end probe biosensors for homogeneous detection of transcription factor-DNA binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Paulo Pera Mendes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Ninghao Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA.
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23
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Wang J, Wan X, Le Q. Cross-regulation between SOX9 and the canonical Wnt signalling pathway in stem cells. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1250530. [PMID: 37664185 PMCID: PMC10469848 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1250530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX9, a member of the SRY-related HMG-box transcription factors, has been reported to critically regulate fetal development and stem cell homeostasis. Wnt signalling is a highly conserved signalling pathway that controls stem cell fate decision and stemness maintenance throughout embryonic development and adult life. Many studies have shown that the interactions between SOX9 and the canonical Wnt signalling pathway are involved in many of the physiological and pathological processes of stem cells, including organ development, the proliferation, differentiation and stemness maintenance of stem cells, and tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the already-known molecular mechanism of cross-interactions between SOX9 and the canonical Wnt signalling pathway, outline its regulatory effects on the maintenance of homeostasis in different types of stem cells, and explore its potential in translational stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xichen Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihua Le
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Myopia Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Li SY, Wang CY, Wei XG, Tang XB, Yuan ZW, Bai YZ. CircJag1 promotes apoptosis of ethylene thiourea-exposed anorectal malformations through sponging miR-137-3p by regulating Sox9 and suppressing Wnt/β-catenin pathway during the hindgut development of rat embryos. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1593-1610. [PMID: 35930101 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are common birth defects involving congenital structural anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract. As an important component of non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) widely participate in the digestive system development; however, the specific molecular mechanism of their involvement in ARM occurrence remains obscure. Herein, we generated rat models of ARMs induced by ethylene thiourea. A novel circRNA (circJag1) was screened and identified by RNA-Seq, which is remarkably upregulated in hindgut tissues of ARM rat embryos. In vivo experiments, colocation analysis via fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunofluorescence further demonstrated that the disordered circJag1/miR-137-3p/Sox9 expression caused a spatiotemporal imbalance in the urorectal septum (URS) of ARMs. In vitro, functional assays confirmed that circJag1 upregulation resulted in the degradation of nuclear β-catenin, C-myc, and Cyclin D1 in rat intestinal epithelial cells, as well as the promotion of apoptosis and suppression of cell proliferation. Mechanistically, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay indicated that circJag1 acted as a miR-137-3p sponge, thereby inhibiting its repressive effect on its target Sox9. Further experiments showed that a loss of Sox9 abolished the circJag1-mediated increase in apoptosis. In conclusion, aberrantly high circJag1 expression promotes epithelial apoptosis by suppressing the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway via the miR-137-3p/Sox9 axis, which leads to fusion failure of the URS and cloacal membrane, and eventually contributed to ARMs. Our achievements might boost the comprehension of ARM pathogenesis and could provide a novel candidate target for the development of therapies for ARMs to complement surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ying Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Yi Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao Gao Wei
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao Bing Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Zheng Wei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Zuo Bai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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25
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Liu X, Jiang L, Zhang W, Zhang J, Luan X, Zhan Y, Wang T, Da J, Liu L, Zhang S, Guo Y, Zhang K, Wang Z, Miao N, Xie X, Liu P, Li Y, Jin H, Zhang B. Fam20c regulates the calpain proteolysis system through phosphorylating Calpasatatin to maintain cell homeostasis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:417. [PMID: 37370126 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The family with sequence similarity 20-member C (FAM20C) kinase, a Golgi casein kinase, which is responsible for phosphorylating the majority of the extracellular phosphoproteins within S-x-E/pS motifs, and is fundamentally associated with multiple biological processes to maintain cell proliferation, biomineralization, migration, adhesion, and phosphate homeostasis. In dissecting how FAM20C regulates downstream molecules and potential mechanisms, however, there are multiple target molecules of FAM20C, particularly many phenomena remain elusive, such as changes in cell-autonomous behaviors, incompatibility in genotypes and phenotypes, and others. METHODS Here, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), proteomics, and phosphoproteomics were performed in Fam20c-dificient osteoblasts and to facilitate an integrated analysis and determine the impact of chromatin accessibility, genomic expression, protein alterations, signaling pathway, and post translational modifcations. RESULTS By combining ATAC-seq and RNA-seq, we identified TCF4 and Wnt signaling pathway as the key regulators in Fam20c-dificient cells. Further, we showed Calpastatin/Calpain proteolysis system as a novel target axis for FAM20C to regulate cell migration and F-actin cytoskeleton by integrated analysis of proteomics and phosphoproteomics. Furthermore, Calpastatin/Calpain proteolysis system could negatively regulate the Wnt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION These observations implied that Fam20c knockout osteoblasts would cause cell homeostatic imbalance, involving changes in multiple signaling pathways in the conduction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Stomatology and Dental Hygiene, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinrui Luan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanbo Zhan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Junlong Da
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lixue Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shujian Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuyao Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Nan Miao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohua Xie
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peihong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Han Jin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.
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26
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Hu S, Chen S, Zeng H, Ruan X, Lin X, Vlashi R, Zhou C, Wang H, Chen G. Ap-2β regulates cranial osteogenic potential via the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Dev Biol 2023; 501:S0012-1606(23)00114-8. [PMID: 37355029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The skull is a fundamental bone that protects the development of brain and consists of several bony elements, such as the frontal and parietal bones. Frontal bone exhibited superior in osteogenic potential and regeneration of cranial defects compared to parietal bone. However, how this regional difference is regulated remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified an Ap-2β transcriptional factor with a higher expression in frontal bone, but its molecular function in osteoblasts needs to be elucidated. We found that Ap-2β knockdown in preosteoblasts leads to reduced proliferation, increased cell death and impaired differentiation. Through RNA-seq analysis, we found that Ap-2β influences multiple signaling pathways including the Wnt pathway, and overexpression of Ap-2β showed increased nuclear β-catenin and its target genes expressions in osteoblasts. Pharmacological activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling using LiCl treatment cannot rescue the reduced luciferase activities of the β-catenin/TCF/LEF reporter in Ap-2β knockdown preosteoblasts. Besides, transient expression of Ap-2β via the lentivirus system could sufficiently rescue the inferior osteogenic potential in parietal osteoblasts, while Ap-2β knockdown in frontal osteoblasts resulted in reduced osteoblast activity, reduced active β-catenin and target genes expressions. Taken together, our data demonstrated that Ap-2β modulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation through the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and plays an important role in regulating regional osteogenic potential in frontal and parietal bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Hu
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Haozu Zeng
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xinyi Ruan
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Rexhina Vlashi
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Chenhe Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
| | - Guiqian Chen
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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27
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Bu W, Creighton CJ, Heavener KS, Gutierrez C, Dou Y, Ku AT, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Urrutia J, Jiang W, Yue F, Jia L, Ibrahim AA, Zhang B, Huang S, Li Y. Efficient cancer modeling through CRISPR-Cas9/HDR-based somatic precision gene editing in mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade0059. [PMID: 37172086 PMCID: PMC10181191 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 has been used successfully to introduce indels in somatic cells of rodents; however, precise editing of single nucleotides has been hampered by limitations of flexibility and efficiency. Here, we report technological modifications to the CRISPR-Cas9 vector system that now allows homology-directed repair-mediated precise editing of any proto-oncogene in murine somatic tissues to generate tumor models with high flexibility and efficiency. Somatic editing of either Kras or Pik3ca in both normal and hyperplastic mammary glands led to swift tumorigenesis. The resulting tumors shared some histological, transcriptome, and proteome features with tumors induced by lentivirus-mediated expression of the respective oncogenes, but they also exhibited some distinct characteristics, particularly showing less intertumor variation, thus potentially offering more consistent models for cancer studies and therapeutic development. Therefore, this technological advance fills a critical gap between the power of CRISPR technology and high-fidelity mouse models for studying human tumor evolution and preclinical drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Bu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chad J. Creighton
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelsey S. Heavener
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carolina Gutierrez
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yongchao Dou
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy T. Ku
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weiyu Jiang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jazmin Urrutia
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fei Yue
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luyu Jia
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Atef Ibrahim
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Education, Innovation, and Technology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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28
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Lu K, Wang Q, Jiang H, Li J, Yao Z, Huang Y, Chen J, Zhang Y, Xiao G, Hu X, Luo Z, Yang L, Tong L, Chen D. Upregulation of β-catenin signaling represents a single common pathway leading to the various phenotypes of spinal degeneration and pain. Bone Res 2023; 11:18. [PMID: 37059724 PMCID: PMC10104801 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spine degeneration is an aging-related disease, but its molecular mechanisms remain unknown, although elevated β-catenin signaling has been reported to be involved in intervertebral disc degeneration. Here, we determined the role of β-catenin signaling in spinal degeneration and in the homeostasis of the functional spinal unit (FSU), which includes the intervertebral disc, vertebra and facet joint and is the smallest physiological motion unit of the spine. We showed that pain sensitivity in patients with spinal degeneration is highly correlated with β-catenin protein levels. We then generated a mouse model of spinal degeneration by transgenic expression of constitutively active β-catenin in Col2+ cells. We found that β-catenin-TCF7 activated the transcription of CCL2, a known critical factor in osteoarthritic pain. Using a lumbar spine instability model, we showed that a β-catenin inhibitor relieved low back pain. Our study indicates that β-catenin plays a critical role in maintaining spine tissue homeostasis, its abnormal upregulation leads to severe spinal degeneration, and its targeting could be an avenue to treat this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Division of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhou Yao
- Institute of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongcan Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianquan Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yejia Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueyu Hu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Institute of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liping Tong
- Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Di Chen
- Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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29
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Chang SY, Wu TH, Shih YL, Chen YC, Su HY, Chian CF, Lin YW. SOX1 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Repressing HES1 in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082207. [PMID: 37190139 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of lung cancer is a complex process that involves many genetic and epigenetic changes. Sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box (SOX) genes encode a family of proteins that are involved in the regulation of embryonic development and cell fate determination. SOX1 is hypermethylated in human cancers. However, the role of SOX1 in the development of lung cancer is unclear. We used quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, and web tools to confirm the frequent epigenetic silencing of SOX1 in lung cancer. Stable overexpression of SOX1 repressed cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and invasion in vitro as well as cancer growth and metastasis in a xenograft mouse model. Knockdown of SOX1 by the withdrawal of doxycycline partly restored the malignant phenotype of inducible SOX1-expressing NSCLC cells. Next, we discovered the potential downstream pathways of SOX1 using RNA-seq analysis and identified HES1 as a direct target of SOX1 using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR. Furthermore, we performed phenotypic rescue experiments to prove that overexpression of HES1-FLAG in SOX1-expressing H1299 cells partly reversed the tumor-suppressive effect. Taken together, these data demonstrated that SOX1 acts as a tumor suppressor by directly inhibiting HES1 during the development of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Yueh Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Hui Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lueng Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Her-Young Su
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Chian
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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30
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Progress of Wnt Signaling Pathway in Osteoporosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030483. [PMID: 36979418 PMCID: PMC10046187 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, one of the serious health diseases, involves bone mass loss, bone density diminishing, and degeneration of bone microstructure, which is accompanied by a tendency toward bone fragility and a predisposition to fracture. More than 200 million people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis, and the cost of treating osteoporotic fractures is expected to reach at least $25 billion by 2025. The generation and development of osteoporosis are regulated by genetic factors and regulatory factors such as TGF-β, BMP, and FGF through multiple pathways, including the Wnt signaling pathway, the Notch signaling pathway, and the MAPK signaling pathway. Among them, the Wnt signaling pathway is one of the most important pathways. It is not only involved in bone development and metabolism but also in the differentiation and proliferation of chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts. Dkk-1 and SOST are Wnt inhibitory proteins that can inhibit the activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and block the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Therefore, they may serve as potential targets for the treatment of osteoporosis. In this review, we analyzed the mechanisms of Wnt proteins, β-catenin, and signaling molecules in the process of signal transduction and summarized the relationship between the Wnt signaling pathway and bone-related cells. We hope to attract attention to the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in osteoporosis and offer new perspectives and approaches to making a diagnosis and giving treatment for osteoporosis.
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31
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Yao Q, Wu X, Tao C, Gong W, Chen M, Qu M, Zhong Y, He T, Chen S, Xiao G. Osteoarthritis: pathogenic signaling pathways and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:56. [PMID: 36737426 PMCID: PMC9898571 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 220.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder that leads to disability and affects more than 500 million population worldwide. OA was believed to be caused by the wearing and tearing of articular cartilage, but it is now more commonly referred to as a chronic whole-joint disorder that is initiated with biochemical and cellular alterations in the synovial joint tissues, which leads to the histological and structural changes of the joint and ends up with the whole tissue dysfunction. Currently, there is no cure for OA, partly due to a lack of comprehensive understanding of the pathological mechanism of the initiation and progression of the disease. Therefore, a better understanding of pathological signaling pathways and key molecules involved in OA pathogenesis is crucial for therapeutic target design and drug development. In this review, we first summarize the epidemiology of OA, including its prevalence, incidence and burdens, and OA risk factors. We then focus on the roles and regulation of the pathological signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, focal adhesion, HIFs, TGFβ/ΒΜP and FGF signaling pathways, and key regulators AMPK, mTOR, and RUNX2 in the onset and development of OA. In addition, the roles of factors associated with OA, including MMPs, ADAMTS/ADAMs, and PRG4, are discussed in detail. Finally, we provide updates on the current clinical therapies and clinical trials of biological treatments and drugs for OA. Research advances in basic knowledge of articular cartilage biology and OA pathogenesis will have a significant impact and translational value in developing OA therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiaohao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chu Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weiyuan Gong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mingjue Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Minghao Qu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tailin He
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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32
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Au TYK, Yip RKH, Wynn SL, Tan TY, Fu A, Geng YH, Szeto IYY, Niu B, Yip KY, Cheung MCH, Lovell-Badge R, Cheah KSE. Hypomorphic and dominant-negative impact of truncated SOX9 dysregulates Hedgehog-Wnt signaling, causing campomelia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2208623119. [PMID: 36584300 PMCID: PMC9910594 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208623119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency for SOX9, the master chondrogenesis transcription factor, can underlie campomelic dysplasia (CD), an autosomal dominant skeletal malformation syndrome, because heterozygous Sox9 null mice recapitulate the bent limb (campomelia) and some other phenotypes associated with CD. However, in vitro cell assays suggest haploinsufficiency may not apply for certain mutations, notably those that truncate the protein, but in these cases in vivo evidence is lacking and underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, using conditional mouse mutants, we compared the impact of a heterozygous Sox9 null mutation (Sox9+/-) with the Sox9+/Y440X CD mutation that truncates the C-terminal transactivation domain but spares the DNA-binding domain. While some Sox9+/Y440X mice survived, all Sox9+/- mice died perinatally. However, the skeletal defects were more severe and IHH signaling in developing limb cartilage was significantly enhanced in Sox9+/Y440X compared with Sox9+/-. Activating Sox9Y440X specifically in the chondrocyte-osteoblast lineage caused milder campomelia, and revealed cell- and noncell autonomous mechanisms acting on chondrocyte differentiation and osteogenesis in the perichondrium. Transcriptome analyses of developing Sox9+/Y440X limbs revealed dysregulated expression of genes for the extracellular matrix, as well as changes consistent with aberrant WNT and HH signaling. SOX9Y440X failed to interact with β-catenin and was unable to suppress transactivation of Ihh in cell-based assays. We propose enhanced HH signaling in the adjacent perichondrium induces asymmetrically localized excessive perichondrial osteogenesis resulting in campomelia. Our study implicates combined haploinsufficiency/hypomorphic and dominant-negative actions of SOX9Y440X, cell-autonomous and noncell autonomous mechanisms, and dysregulated WNT and HH signaling, as the cause of human campomelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Y. K. Au
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raymond K. H. Yip
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sarah L. Wynn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tiong Y. Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alex Fu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Hong Geng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene Y. Y. Szeto
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Niu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin Y. Yip
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Martin C. H. Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kathryn S. E. Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
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33
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Porto SC, Rogers-DeCotes A, Schafer E, Kern CB. The adaptive response of the mandibular condyle to increased load is disrupted by ADAMTS5 deficiency. Connect Tissue Res 2023; 64:93-104. [PMID: 35913086 PMCID: PMC9852085 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of increased load on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) from mice deficient in the extracellular matrix protease ADAMTS5. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wire springs exerting 0.5 N for 1 h/day for 5 days (Adamts5+/+ -n = 18; Adamts5-/- n = 19) or 0.8 N for 1 h/day for 10 days (Adamts5+/+-n = 18; Adamts5-/- n = 17) were used to increase murine TMJ load. Safranin O-staining was used to determine mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) morphology. Chondrogenic factors Sox9 and aggrecan were immunolocalized. Microcomputed topography was employed to evaluate mineralized tissues, and Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase staining was used to quantify osteoclasts. RESULTS Increased load on the mandibular condyle of Adamts5-/- mice resulted in an increase in the hypertrophic zone of mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) compared to normal load (NL) (P < 0.01). In the trabecular bone of the mandibular condyle, the total volume (TV), bone volume (BV), trabecular thickness (TbTh), and trabecular separation (TbSp) of the mandibular condyles in Adamts5-/- mice (n = 27) did not change significantly with increased load, compared to Adamts5+/+ (n = 38) that exhibited significant responses (TV-P < 0.05; BV-P < 0.001; TbTh-P < 0.01; TbSp-P < 0.01). The bone volume fraction (BV/TV) was significantly reduced in response to increased load in both Adamts5-/- (P < 0.05) and Adamts5+/+ mandibular condyles (P < 0.001) compared to NL. Increased load in Adamts5-/- mandibular condyles also resulted in a dramatic increase in osteoclasts compared to Adamts5-/- NL (P < 0.001) and to Adamts5+/+ with increased load (P < 01). CONCLUSION The trabeculated bone of the Adamts5-/- mandibular condyle was significantly less responsive to the increased load compared to Adamts5+/+. ADAMTS5 may be required for mechanotransduction in the trabeculated bone of the mandibular condyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Porto
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424
| | - Alexandra Rogers-DeCotes
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC 29525
| | - Emmaline Schafer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC 29525
| | - Christine B. Kern
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC 29525
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34
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Mangiavini L, Peretti GM, Canciani B, Maffulli N. Epidermal growth factor signalling pathway in endochondral ossification: an evidence-based narrative review. Ann Med 2022; 54:37-50. [PMID: 34955078 PMCID: PMC8725985 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.2015798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During endochondral bone development, a complex process that leads to the formation of the majority of skeletal elements, mesenchymal cells condense, differentiating into chondrocytes and producing the foetal growth plate. Chondrocytes progressively hypertrophy, induce angiogenesis and are then gradually replaced by bone. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), one of many growth factors, is the prototype of the EGF-ligand family, which comprises several proteins involved in cell proliferation, migration and survival. In bone, EGF pathway signalling finely tunes the first steps of chondrogenesis by maintaining mesenchymal cells in an undifferentiated stage, and by promoting hypertrophic cartilage replacement. Moreover, EGF signalling modulates bone homeostasis by stimulating osteoblast and osteoclast proliferation, and by regulating osteoblast differentiation under specific spatial and temporal conditions. This evidence-based narrative review describes the EGF pathway in bone metabolism and endochondral bone development. This comprehensive description may be useful in light of possible clinical applications in orthopaedic practice. A deeper knowledge of the role of EGF in bone may be useful in musculoskeletal conditions which may benefit from the modulation of this signalling pathway.Key messagesThe EGF pathway is involved in bone metabolism.EGF signalling is essential in the very early stages of limb development by maintaining cells in an undifferentiated stage.EGF pathway positively regulates chondrocyte proliferation, negatively modulates hypertrophy, and favours cartilage replacement by bone.EGF and EGF-like proteins finely tune the proliferation and differentiation of bone tissue cells, and they also regulate the initial phases of endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mangiavini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G M Peretti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - B Canciani
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - N Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.,Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University Faculty of Medicine, Stoke on Trent, UK
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35
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Ramakrishnan AB, Burby PE, Adiga K, Cadigan KM. SOX9 and TCF transcription factors associate to mediate Wnt/β-catenin target gene activation in colorectal cancer. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102735. [PMID: 36423688 PMCID: PMC9771724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates gene expression by promoting the formation of a β-catenin-T-cell factor (TCF) complex on target enhancers. In addition to TCFs, other transcription factors interact with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway at different levels to produce tissue-specific patterns of Wnt target gene expression. The transcription factor SOX9 potently represses many Wnt target genes by downregulating β-catenin protein levels. Here, we find using colony formation and cell growth assays that SOX9 surprisingly promotes the proliferation of Wnt-driven colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. In contrast to how it indirectly represses Wnt targets, SOX9 directly co-occupies and activates multiple Wnt-responsive enhancers in CRC cells. Our examination of the binding site grammar of these enhancers shows the presence of TCF and SOX9 binding sites that are necessary for transcriptional activation. In addition, we identify a physical interaction between the DNA-binding domains of TCFs and SOX9 and show that TCF-SOX9 interactions are important for target gene regulation and CRC cell growth. Our work demonstrates a highly context-dependent effect of SOX9 on Wnt targets, with the presence or absence of SOX9-binding sites on Wnt-regulated enhancers determining whether they are directly activated or indirectly repressed by SOX9.
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36
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Szeto IYY, Chu DKH, Chen P, Chu KC, Au TYK, Leung KKH, Huang YH, Wynn SL, Mak ACY, Chan YS, Chan WY, Jauch R, Fritzsch B, Sham MH, Lovell-Badge R, Cheah KSE. SOX9 and SOX10 control fluid homeostasis in the inner ear for hearing through independent and cooperative mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122121119. [PMID: 36343245 PMCID: PMC9674217 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122121119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vivo mechanisms underlying dominant syndromes caused by mutations in SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9 (SOX9) and SOX10 (SOXE) transcription factors, when they either are expressed alone or are coexpressed, are ill-defined. We created a mouse model for the campomelic dysplasia SOX9Y440X mutation, which truncates the transactivation domain but leaves DNA binding and dimerization intact. Here, we find that SOX9Y440X causes deafness via distinct mechanisms in the endolymphatic sac (ES)/duct and cochlea. By contrast, conditional heterozygous Sox9-null mice are normal. During the ES development of Sox9Y440X/+ heterozygotes, Sox10 and genes important for ionic homeostasis are down-regulated, and there is developmental persistence of progenitors, resulting in fewer mature cells. Sox10 heterozygous null mutants also display persistence of ES/duct progenitors. By contrast, SOX10 retains its expression in the early Sox9Y440X/+ mutant cochlea. Later, in the postnatal stria vascularis, dominant interference by SOX9Y440X is implicated in impairing the normal cooperation of SOX9 and SOX10 in repressing the expression of the water channel Aquaporin 3, thereby contributing to endolymphatic hydrops. Our study shows that for a functioning endolymphatic system in the inner ear, SOX9 regulates Sox10, and depending on the cell type and target gene, it works either independently of or cooperatively with SOX10. SOX9Y440X can interfere with the activity of both SOXE factors, exerting effects that can be classified as haploinsufficient/hypomorphic or dominant negative depending on the cell/gene context. This model of disruption of transcription factor partnerships may be applicable to congenital deafness, which affects ∼0.3% of newborns, and other syndromic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Y. Y. Szeto
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel K. H. Chu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peikai Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Chi Chu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tiffany Y. K. Au
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keith K. H. Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong-Heng Huang
- Genome Regulation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Sarah L. Wynn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Angel C. Y. Mak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wood Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ralf Jauch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
- Genome Regulation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Mai Har Sham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kathryn S. E. Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
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Nadine S, Fernandes IJ, Correia CR, Mano JF. Close-to-native bone repair via tissue-engineered endochondral ossification approaches. iScience 2022; 25:105370. [PMID: 36339269 PMCID: PMC9626746 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to solve the clinical challenges related to bone grafting, several tissue engineering (TE) strategies have been proposed to repair critical-sized defects. Generally, the classical TE approaches are designed to promote bone repair via intramembranous ossification. Although promising, strategies that direct the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells are usually characterized by a lack of functional vascular supply, often resulting in necrotic cores. A less explored alternative is engineering bone constructs through a cartilage-mediated approach, resembling the embryological process of endochondral ossification. The remodeling of an intermediary hypertrophic cartilaginous template triggers vascular invasion and bone tissue deposition. Thus, employing this knowledge can be a promising direction for the next generation of bone TE constructs. This review highlights the most recent biomimetic strategies for applying endochondral ossification in bone TE while discussing the plethora of cell types, culture conditions, and biomaterials essential to promote a successful bone regeneration process.
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Carballo-Pedrares N, Sanjurjo-Rodriguez C, Señarís J, Díaz-Prado S, Rey-Rico A. Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells via SOX9 Delivery in Cationic Niosomes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2327. [PMID: 36365145 PMCID: PMC9693355 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene transfer to mesenchymal stem cells constitutes a powerful approach to promote their differentiation into the appropriate cartilage phenotype. Although viral vectors represent gold standard vehicles, because of their high efficiency, their use is precluded by important concerns including an elevated immunogenicity and the possibility of insertional mutagenesis. Therefore, the development of new and efficient non-viral vectors is under active investigation. In the present study, we developed new non-viral carriers based on niosomes to promote the effective chondrogenesis of human MSCs. Two different niosome formulations were prepared by varying their composition on non-ionic surfactant, polysorbate 80 solely (P80), or combined with poloxamer 407 (P80PX). The best niosome formulation was proven to transfer a plasmid, encoding for the potent chondrogenic transcription factor SOX9 in hMSC aggregate cultures. Transfection of hMSC aggregates via nioplexes resulted in an increased chondrogenic differentiation with reduced hypertrophy. These results highlight the potential of niosome formulations for gene therapy approaches focused on cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Carballo-Pedrares
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, As Carballeiras, s/n. Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Clara Sanjurjo-Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, As Carballeiras, s/n. Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex A Coruña (CHUAC), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jose Señarís
- Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex A Coruña (CHUAC), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Silvia Díaz-Prado
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, As Carballeiras, s/n. Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex A Coruña (CHUAC), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana Rey-Rico
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, As Carballeiras, s/n. Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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Akinyemi MO, Finucan J, Grytsay A, Osaiyuwu OH, Adegbaju MS, Ogunade IM, Thomas BN, Peters SO, Morenikeji OB. Molecular Evolution and Inheritance Pattern of Sox Gene Family among Bovidae. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101783. [PMID: 36292668 PMCID: PMC9602320 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sox genes are an evolutionarily conserved family of transcription factors that play important roles in cellular differentiation and numerous complex developmental processes. In vertebrates, Sox proteins are required for cell fate decisions, morphogenesis, and the control of self-renewal in embryonic and adult stem cells. The Sox gene family has been well-studied in multiple species including humans but there has been scanty or no research into Bovidae. In this study, we conducted a detailed evolutionary analysis of this gene family in Bovidae, including their physicochemical properties, biological functions, and patterns of inheritance. We performed a genome-wide cataloguing procedure to explore the Sox gene family using multiple bioinformatics tools. Our analysis revealed a significant inheritance pattern including conserved motifs that are critical to the ability of Sox proteins to interact with the regulatory regions of target genes and orchestrate multiple developmental and physiological processes. Importantly, we report an important conserved motif, EFDQYL/ELDQYL, found in the SoxE and SoxF groups but not in other Sox groups. Further analysis revealed that this motif sequence accounts for the binding and transactivation potential of Sox proteins. The degree of protein–protein interaction showed significant interactions among Sox genes and related genes implicated in embryonic development and the regulation of cell differentiation. We conclude that the Sox gene family uniquely evolved in Bovidae, with a few exhibiting important motifs that drive several developmental and physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel O. Akinyemi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, NJ 07940, USA
| | - Jessica Finucan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, NJ 07940, USA
| | - Anastasia Grytsay
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Bradford, PA 16701, USA
| | - Osamede H. Osaiyuwu
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Muyiwa S. Adegbaju
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Ibukun M. Ogunade
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Bolaji N. Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Sunday O. Peters
- Department of Animal Science, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA 30149, USA
| | - Olanrewaju B. Morenikeji
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Bradford, PA 16701, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(585)-490-7271
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40
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Ming Z, Vining B, Bagheri-Fam S, Harley V. SOX9 in organogenesis: shared and unique transcriptional functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:522. [PMID: 36114905 PMCID: PMC9482574 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor SOX9 is essential for the development of multiple organs including bone, testis, heart, lung, pancreas, intestine and nervous system. Mutations in the human SOX9 gene led to campomelic dysplasia, a haploinsufficiency disorder with several skeletal malformations frequently accompanied by 46, XY sex reversal. The mechanisms underlying the diverse SOX9 functions during organ development including its post-translational modifications, the availability of binding partners, and tissue-specific accessibility to target gene chromatin. Here we summarize the expression, activities, and downstream target genes of SOX9 in molecular genetic pathways essential for organ development, maintenance, and function. We also provide an insight into understanding the mechanisms that regulate the versatile roles of SOX9 in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Ming
- Sex Development Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 5152, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Brittany Vining
- Sex Development Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 5152, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Stefan Bagheri-Fam
- Sex Development Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 5152, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Vincent Harley
- Sex Development Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 5152, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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41
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MPSI Manifestations and Treatment Outcome: Skeletal Focus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911168. [PMID: 36232472 PMCID: PMC9569890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPSI) (OMIM #252800) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the IDUA gene encoding for the lysosomal alpha-L-iduronidase enzyme. The deficiency of this enzyme causes systemic accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Although disease manifestations are typically not apparent at birth, they can present early in life, are progressive, and include a wide spectrum of phenotypic findings. Among these, the storage of GAGs within the lysosomes disrupts cell function and metabolism in the cartilage, thus impairing normal bone development and ossification. Skeletal manifestations of MPSI are often refractory to treatment and severely affect patients’ quality of life. This review discusses the pathological and molecular processes leading to impaired endochondral ossification in MPSI patients and the limitations of current therapeutic approaches. Understanding the underlying mechanisms responsible for the skeletal phenotype in MPSI patients is crucial, as it could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting the skeletal abnormalities of MPSI in the early stages of the disease.
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Riva C, Hajduskova M, Gally C, Suman SK, Ahier A, Jarriault S. A natural transdifferentiation event involving mitosis is empowered by integrating signaling inputs with conserved plasticity factors. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111365. [PMID: 36130499 PMCID: PMC9513805 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdifferentiation, or direct cell reprogramming, is the conversion of one fully differentiated cell type into another. Whether core mechanisms are shared between natural transdifferentiation events when occurring with or without cell division is unclear. We have previously characterized the Y-to-PDA natural transdifferentiation in Caenorhabditis elegans, which occurs without cell division and requires orthologs of vertebrate reprogramming factors. Here, we identify a rectal-to-GABAergic transdifferentiation and show that cell division is required but not sufficient for conversion. We find shared mechanisms, including erasure of the initial identity, which requires the conserved reprogramming factors SEM-4/SALL, SOX-2, CEH-6/OCT, and EGL-5/HOX. We also find three additional and parallel roles of the Wnt signaling pathway: selection of a specific daughter, removal of the initial identity, and imposition of the precise final subtype identity. Our results support a model in which levels and antagonistic activities of SOX-2 and Wnt signaling provide a timer for the acquisition of final identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riva
- Development and Stem Cells Department, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Martina Hajduskova
- Development and Stem Cells Department, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Christelle Gally
- Development and Stem Cells Department, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France.
| | - Shashi Kumar Suman
- Development and Stem Cells Department, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Arnaud Ahier
- Development and Stem Cells Department, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Sophie Jarriault
- Development and Stem Cells Department, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 1258, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France.
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43
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Mukherjee S, Luedeke DM, McCoy L, Iwafuchi M, Zorn AM. SOX transcription factors direct TCF-independent WNT/β-catenin responsive transcription to govern cell fate in human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111247. [PMID: 36001974 PMCID: PMC10123531 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT/β-catenin signaling controls gene expression across biological contexts from development and stem cell homeostasis to diseases including cancer. How β-catenin is recruited to distinct enhancers to activate context-specific transcription is unclear, given that most WNT/ß-catenin-responsive transcription is thought to be mediated by TCF/LEF transcription factors (TFs). With time-resolved multi-omic analyses, we show that SOX TFs can direct lineage-specific WNT-responsive transcription during the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into definitive endoderm and neuromesodermal progenitors. We demonstrate that SOX17 and SOX2 are required to recruit β-catenin to lineage-specific WNT-responsive enhancers, many of which are not occupied by TCFs. At TCF-independent enhancers, SOX TFs establish a permissive chromatin landscape and recruit a WNT-enhanceosome complex to activate SOX/ß-catenin-dependent transcription. Given that SOX TFs and the WNT pathway are critical for specification of most cell types, these results have broad mechanistic implications for the specificity of WNT responses across developmental and disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Mukherjee
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - David M Luedeke
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Leslie McCoy
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Makiko Iwafuchi
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; University of Cincinnati Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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44
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Aru B, Gürel G, Yanikkaya Demirel G. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: History, Characteristics and an Overview of Their Therapeutic Administration. TURKISH JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4274/tji.galenos.2022.18209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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45
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Vlashi R, Zhang X, Wu M, Chen G. Wnt signaling: essential roles in osteoblast differentiation, bone metabolism and therapeutic implications for bone and skeletal disorders. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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46
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Ramdas B, Yuen LD, Palam LR, Patel R, Pasupuleti SK, Jideonwo V, Zhang J, Maguire C, Wong E, Kanumuri R, Zhang C, Sandusky G, Chan RJ, Zhang C, Stieglitz E, Haneline L, Kapur R. Inhibition of BTK and PI3Kδ impairs the development of human JMML stem and progenitor cells. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2505-2521. [PMID: 35443935 PMCID: PMC9263321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is an aggressive myeloproliferative neoplasia that lacks effective targeted chemotherapies. Clinically, JMML manifests as monocytic leukocytosis, splenomegaly with consequential thrombocytopenia. Most commonly, patients have gain-of-function (GOF) oncogenic mutations in PTPN11 (SHP2), leading to Erk and Akt hyperactivation. Mechanism(s) involved in co-regulation of Erk and Akt in the context of GOF SHP2 are poorly understood. Here, we show that Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is hyperphosphorylated in GOF Shp2-bearing cells and utilizes B cell adaptor for PI3K to cooperate with p110δ, the catalytic subunit of PI3K. Dual inhibition of BTK and p110δ reduces the activation of both Erk and Akt. In vivo, individual targeting of BTK or p110δ in a mouse model of human JMML equally reduces monocytosis and splenomegaly; however, the combined treatment results in a more robust inhibition and uniquely rescues anemia and thrombocytopenia. RNA-seq analysis of drug-treated mice showed a profound reduction in the expression of genes associated with leukemic cell migration and inflammation, leading to correction in the infiltration of leukemic cells in the lung, liver, and spleen. Remarkably, in a patient derived xenograft model of JMML, leukemia-initiating stem and progenitor cells were potently inhibited in response to the dual drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Ramdas
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Lisa Deng Yuen
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lakshmi Reddy Palam
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Roshini Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Santhosh Kumar Pasupuleti
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Victoria Jideonwo
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Callista Maguire
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eric Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Kanumuri
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chujing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - George Sandusky
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rebecca J Chan
- Senior Director, Oncology, U.S. Medical Affairs, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elliot Stieglitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Haneline
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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47
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Sreenivasan R, Gonen N, Sinclair A. SOX Genes and Their Role in Disorders of Sex Development. Sex Dev 2022; 16:80-91. [PMID: 35760052 DOI: 10.1159/000524453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX genesare master regulatory genes controlling development and are fundamental to the establishment of sex determination in a multitude of organisms. The discovery of the master sex-determining gene SRY in 1990 was pivotal for the understanding of how testis development is initiated in mammals. With this discovery, an entire family of SOX factors were uncovered that play crucial roles in cell fate decisions during development. The importance of SOX genes in human reproductive development is evident from the various disorders of sex development (DSD) upon loss or overexpression of SOX gene function. Here, we review the roles that SOX genes play in gonad development and their involvement in DSD. We start with an overview of sex determination and differentiation, DSDs, and the SOX gene family and function. We then provide detailed information and discussion on SOX genes that have been implicated in DSDs, both at the gene and regulatory level. These include SRY, SOX9, SOX3, SOX8, and SOX10. This review provides insights on the crucial balance of SOX gene expression levels needed for gonad development and maintenance and how changes in these levels can lead to DSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajini Sreenivasan
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nitzan Gonen
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Andrew Sinclair
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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48
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Gomez-Picos P, Ovens K, Eames BF. Limb Mesoderm and Head Ectomesenchyme Both Express a Core Transcriptional Program During Chondrocyte Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:876825. [PMID: 35784462 PMCID: PMC9247276 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.876825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To explain how cartilage appeared in different parts of the vertebrate body at discrete times during evolution, we hypothesize that different embryonic populations co-opted expression of a core gene regulatory network (GRN) driving chondrocyte differentiation. To test this hypothesis, laser-capture microdissection coupled with RNA-seq was used to reveal chondrocyte transcriptomes in the developing chick humerus and ceratobranchial, which are mesoderm- and neural crest-derived, respectively. During endochondral ossification, two general types of chondrocytes differentiate. Immature chondrocytes (IMM) represent the early stages of cartilage differentiation, while mature chondrocytes (MAT) undergo additional stages of differentiation, including hypertrophy and stimulating matrix mineralization and degradation. Venn diagram analyses generally revealed a high degree of conservation between chondrocyte transcriptomes of the limb and head, including SOX9, COL2A1, and ACAN expression. Typical maturation genes, such as COL10A1, IBSP, and SPP1, were upregulated in MAT compared to IMM in both limb and head chondrocytes. Gene co-expression network (GCN) analyses of limb and head chondrocyte transcriptomes estimated the core GRN governing cartilage differentiation. Two discrete portions of the GCN contained genes that were differentially expressed in limb or head chondrocytes, but these genes were enriched for biological processes related to limb/forelimb morphogenesis or neural crest-dependent processes, respectively, perhaps simply reflecting the embryonic origin of the cells. A core GRN driving cartilage differentiation in limb and head was revealed that included typical chondrocyte differentiation and maturation markers, as well as putative novel "chondrocyte" genes. Conservation of a core transcriptional program during chondrocyte differentiation in both the limb and head suggest that the same core GRN was co-opted when cartilage appeared in different regions of the skeleton during vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patsy Gomez-Picos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Katie Ovens
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - B. Frank Eames
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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49
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Chiang J, Li X, Jin H, Wu G, Lin T, Ellison DW. The molecular characteristics of low-grade and high-grade areas in desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma/ganglioglioma. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12801. [PMID: 35191090 PMCID: PMC9202004 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Desmoplastic infantile astrocytomas and gangliogliomas (DIA/DIGs) are rare brain tumours of infancy. A distinctive feature of their histopathology is a combination of low-grade and high-grade features. Most DIA/DIGs can be surgically resected and have a good prognosis. However, high-grade features often dominate recurrent tumours, some of which have a poor outcome. In this study, we test the hypothesis that low-grade and high-grade areas in DIA/DIGs have distinct molecular characteristics. METHODS Tissue samples from microdissected low-grade and high-grade areas in 12 DIA/DIGs were analysed by DNA methylation profiling, whole exome sequencing, RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry to search for potential differences at multiple molecular levels. RESULTS Copy number variants among tumours and between the two morphologically distinct areas were infrequent. No recurrent genetic alterations were identified across the tumour series, and high-grade areas did not have additional genetic alterations to explain their distinct morphology or biological behaviour. However, high-grade areas showed relative hypomethylation in genes downstream of the transcription factors SOX9 and LEF1 and evidence of a core SOX9 transcription network alongside activation of the BMP, WNT and MAPK signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to our knowledge of molecular genetic alterations in DIA/DIGs, uncovers molecular differences between the two distinct cell populations in these tumours and suggests potential therapeutic targets among the more proliferative cell population in DIA/DIGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chiang
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Hongjian Jin
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - David W. Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
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Yang Z, Yi P, Liu Z, Zhang W, Mei L, Feng C, Tu C, Li Z. Stem Cell-Laden Hydrogel-Based 3D Bioprinting for Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:865770. [PMID: 35656197 PMCID: PMC9152119 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.865770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have revealed the potential of fabricating biomaterials to solve the dilemma of bone and articular defects by promoting osteochondral and cartilage regeneration. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an innovative fabrication technology to precisely distribute the cell-laden bioink for the construction of artificial tissues, demonstrating great prospect in bone and joint construction areas. With well controllable printability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties, hydrogels have been emerging as an attractive 3D bioprinting material, which provides a favorable biomimetic microenvironment for cell adhesion, orientation, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Stem cell-based therapy has been known as a promising approach in regenerative medicine; however, limitations arise from the uncontrollable proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the stem cells and fortunately could be improved after stem cells were encapsulated in the hydrogel. In this review, our focus was centered on the characterization and application of stem cell-laden hydrogel-based 3D bioprinting for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. We not only highlighted the effect of various kinds of hydrogels, stem cells, inorganic particles, and growth factors on chondrogenesis and osteogenesis but also outlined the relationship between biophysical properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability, osteoinductivity, and the regeneration of bone and cartilage. This study was invented to discuss the challenge we have been encountering, the recent progress we have achieved, and the future perspective we have proposed for in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongyue Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengyao Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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