1
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Lee HB, Shams S, Dang Thi VH, Boyum GE, Modhurima R, Hall EM, Green IK, Cervantes EM, Miguez FE, Clark KJ. Key HPI axis receptors facilitate light adaptive behavior in larval zebrafish. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7759. [PMID: 38565594 PMCID: PMC10987622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate stress response (SR) is mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and contributes to generating context appropriate physiological and behavioral changes. Although the HPA axis plays vital roles both in stressful and basal conditions, research has focused on the response under stress. To understand broader roles of the HPA axis in a changing environment, we characterized an adaptive behavior of larval zebrafish during ambient illumination changes. Genetic abrogation of glucocorticoid receptor (nr3c1) decreased basal locomotor activity in light and darkness. Some key HPI axis receptors (mc2r [ACTH receptor], nr3c1), but not nr3c2 (mineralocorticoid receptor), were required to adapt to light more efficiently but became dispensable when longer illumination was provided. Such light adaptation was more efficient in dimmer light. Our findings show that the HPI axis contributes to the SR, facilitating the phasic response and maintaining an adapted basal state, and that certain adaptations occur without HPI axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han B Lee
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Soaleha Shams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Viet Ha Dang Thi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Grace E Boyum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rodsy Modhurima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emma M Hall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Izzabella K Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Karl J Clark
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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2
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Sadamitsu K, Velilla F, Shinya M, Kashima M, Imai Y, Kawasaki T, Watai K, Hosaka M, Hirata H, Sakai N. Establishment of a zebrafish inbred strain, M-AB, capable of regular breeding and genetic manipulation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7455. [PMID: 38548817 PMCID: PMC10978973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Inbred strains of organisms are genetically highly uniform and thus useful for life science research. We have previously reported the ongoing generation of the zebrafish IM strain from the India (IND) strain through full sib-pair mating for 16 generations. However, the IM fish laid a small number of offspring and had a short lifespan, implying the need for discreet care in breeding. Here, we report the subsequent establishment of IM strain as well as the generation of a new inbred zebrafish strain, Mishima-AB (M-AB). M-AB was derived from the *AB strain by full sib-pair mating for over 20 generations, which fulfills the general criterion for the establishment of an inbred strain. In contrast to the IM case, maintenance of the M-AB strain by sib-pair mating required almost no special handling. Genome sequencing of IM individuals from the 47th generation and M-AB individuals from the 27th generation revealed that SNP-based genomic heterogeneity across whole-genome nucleotides was 0.008% and 0.011%, respectively. These percentages were much lower than those of the parental IND (0.197%) and *AB (0.086%) strains. These results indicate that the genomes of these inbred strains were highly homogenous. We also demonstrated the successful microinjection of antisense morpholinos, CRISPR/Cas9, and foreign genes into M-AB embryos at the 1-cell stage. Overall, we report the establishment of a zebrafish inbred strain, M-AB, which is capable of regular breeding and genetic manipulation. This strain will be useful for the analysis of genetically susceptible phenotypes such as behaviors, microbiome features and drug susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Sadamitsu
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, 252-5258, Japan
| | - Fabien Velilla
- Model Fish Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Minori Shinya
- Department of Biology, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8521, Japan
| | - Makoto Kashima
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, 252-5258, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yukiko Imai
- Model Fish Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kawasaki
- Model Fish Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kenta Watai
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, 252-5258, Japan
| | - Miho Hosaka
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, 252-5258, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hirata
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, 252-5258, Japan.
| | - Noriyoshi Sakai
- Model Fish Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan.
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan.
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3
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Feng JX, Li P, Liu Y, Liu L, Li ZH. A latest progress in the study of fish behavior: cross-generational effects of behavior under pollution pressure and new technologies for behavior monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:11529-11542. [PMID: 38214862 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
With the development of agriculture and industry, an increasing number of pollutants are being discharged into the aquatic environment. These pollutants can harm aquatic life. The behavioral characteristics of animals are an external manifestation of their internal mechanisms. Changes in behavior reflect damage and changes in the internal mechanisms. Environmental pollution may lead to behavioral changes not only in the parental generation but also in the offspring that has not been exposed to the pollutants. That is, the intrinsic mechanism that leads to behavioral changes is inheritable. Fish are representative species of aquatic organisms and are commonly used in various research studies. The behavior of fish has also received extensive attention, and the monitoring technology for fish behavior has developed rapidly. This article summarizes the development process of behavior monitoring technology and introduces some of the latest technologies for studying fish behavior. This article also summarizes the intergenerational effects of pollutants on fish behavior, as well as the potential intrinsic and genetic mechanisms that may lead to behavioral changes. This article provides a reference for future relevant neurobehavioral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xue Feng
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China.
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4
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Fan YL, Hsu FR, Wang Y, Liao LD. Unlocking the Potential of Zebrafish Research with Artificial Intelligence: Advancements in Tracking, Processing, and Visualization. Med Biol Eng Comput 2023; 61:2797-2814. [PMID: 37558927 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02903-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish have become a widely accepted model organism for biomedical research due to their strong cortisol stress response, behavioral strain differences, and sensitivity to both drug treatments and predators. However, experimental zebrafish studies generate substantial data that must be analyzed through objective, accurate, and repeatable analysis methods. Recently, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled automated tracking, image recognition, and data analysis, leading to more efficient and insightful investigations. In this review, we examine key AI applications in zebrafish research, including behavior analysis, genomics, and neuroscience. With the development of deep learning technology, AI algorithms have been used to precisely analyze and identify images of zebrafish, enabling automated testing and analysis. By applying AI algorithms in genomics research, researchers have elucidated the relationship between genes and biology, providing a better basis for the development of disease treatments and gene therapies. Additionally, the development of more effective neuroscience tools could help researchers better understand the complex neural networks in the zebrafish brain. In the future, further advancements in AI technology are expected to enable more extensive and in-depth medical research applications in zebrafish, improving our understanding of this important animal model. This review highlights the potential of AI technology in achieving the full potential of zebrafish research by enabling researchers to efficiently track, process, and visualize the outcomes of their experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Fan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Hsu
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Yuhling Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National United University, 2, Lien-Da, Nan-Shih Li, Miaoli, 360302, Taiwan
| | - Lun-De Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.
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5
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Wang MX, Shandilya UK, Wu X, Huyben D, Karrow NA. Assessing Larval Zebrafish Survival and Gene Expression Following Sodium Butyrate Exposure and Subsequent Lethal Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Endotoxin Challenge. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:588. [PMID: 37888619 PMCID: PMC10610854 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15100588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As aquaculture production continues to grow, producers are looking for more sustainable methods to promote growth and increase fish health and survival. Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) with considerable benefits to gut health, and in recent years, butyrate has been commonly used as an alternative to antimicrobials in livestock production. In this study, we aimed to assess the protective effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) on larval zebrafish subjected to a lethal Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin challenge and to elucidate potential protective mechanisms of action. Larval zebrafish were pre-treated with 0, 3000, or 6000 μM NaB for 24 h at 72 h post-fertilization (hpf), then immune challenged for 24 h with 60 μg/mL of LPS at 96 hpf. Our results demonstrate that larval zebrafish pre-treated with 6000 μM of NaB prior to lethal LPS challenge experienced significantly increased survival by 40%, and this same level of NaB significantly down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-alpha). Findings from this study are consistent with the beneficial effects of NaB on other vertebrate species and support the potential use of NaB in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary X Wang
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Umesh K Shandilya
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - David Huyben
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Niel A Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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6
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Lee H, Shams S, Dang Thi VH, Boyum G, Modhurima R, Hall E, Green I, Cervantes E, Miguez F, Clark K. The canonical HPA axis facilitates and maintains light adaptive behavior. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3240080. [PMID: 37720015 PMCID: PMC10503838 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3240080/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate stress response (SR) is mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and contributes to generating context appropriate physiological and behavioral changes. Although the HPA axis plays vital roles both in stressful and basal conditions, research has focused on the response under stress. To understand broader roles of the HPA axis in a changing environment, we characterized an adaptive behavior of larval zebrafish during ambient illumination changes. The glucocorticoid receptor (nr3c1) was necessary to maintain basal locomotor activity in light and darkness. The HPA axis was required to adapt to light more efficiently but became dispensable when longer illumination was provided. Light adaptation was more efficient in dimmer light and did not require the mineralocorticoid receptor (nr3c2). Our findings show that the HPA axis contributes to the SR at various stages, facilitating the phasic response and maintaining an adapted basal state, and that certain adaptations occur without HPA axis activity.
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7
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McConnell SC, Hernandez KM, Andrade J, de Jong JLO. Immune gene variation associated with chromosome-scale differences among individual zebrafish genomes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7777. [PMID: 37179373 PMCID: PMC10183018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune genes have evolved to maintain exceptional diversity, offering robust defense against pathogens. We performed genomic assembly to examine immune gene variation in zebrafish. Gene pathway analysis identified immune genes as significantly enriched among genes with evidence of positive selection. A large subset of genes was absent from analysis of coding sequences due to apparent lack of reads, prompting us to examine genes overlapping zero coverage regions (ZCRs), defined as 2 kb stretches without mapped reads. Immune genes were identified as highly enriched within ZCRs, including over 60% of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes and NOD-like receptor (NLR) genes, mediators of direct and indirect pathogen recognition. This variation was most highly concentrated throughout one arm of chromosome 4 carrying a large cluster of NLR genes, associated with large-scale structural variation covering more than half of the chromosome. Our genomic assemblies uncovered alternative haplotypes and distinct complements of immune genes among individual zebrafish, including the MHC Class II locus on chromosome 8 and the NLR gene cluster on chromosome 4. While previous studies have shown marked variation in NLR genes between vertebrate species, our study highlights extensive variation in NLR gene regions between individuals of the same species. Taken together, these findings provide evidence of immune gene variation on a scale previously unknown in other vertebrate species and raise questions about potential impact on immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C McConnell
- Section of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Kyle M Hernandez
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Medicine, Computational Biomedicine and Biomedical Data Science, Center for Translational Data Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jorge Andrade
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Kite Pharma, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Jill L O de Jong
- Section of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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8
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Mrinalini R, Tamilanban T, Naveen Kumar V, Manasa K. Zebrafish - The Neurobehavioural Model in Trend. Neuroscience 2022; 520:95-118. [PMID: 36549602 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is currently in vogue as a prevalently used experimental model for studies concerning neurobehavioural disorders and associated fields. Since the 1960s, this model has succeeded in breaking most barriers faced in the hunt for an experimental model. From its appearance to its high parity with human beings genetically, this model renders itself as an advantageous experimental lab animal. Neurobehavioural disorders have always posed an arduous task in terms of their detection as well as in determining their exact etiology. They are still, in most cases, diseases of interest for inventing or discovering novel pharmacological interventions. Thus, the need for a harbinger experimental model for studying neurobehaviours is escalating. Ensuring the same model is used for studying several neuro-studies conserves the results from inter-species variations. For this, we need a model that satisfies all the pre-requisite conditions to be made the final choice of model for neurobehavioural studies. This review recapitulates the progress of zebrafish as an experimental model with its most up-to-the-minute advances in the area. Various tests, assays, and responses employed using zebrafish in screening neuroactive drugs have been tabulated effectively. The tools, techniques, protocols, and apparatuses that bolster zebrafish studies are discussed. The probable research that can be done using zebrafish has also been briefly outlined. The various breeding and maintenance methods employed, along with the information on various strains available and most commonly used, are also elaborated upon, supplementing Zebrafish's use in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mrinalini
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, India - 603203
| | - T Tamilanban
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, India - 603203
| | - V Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, India - 603203.
| | - K Manasa
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, India - 603203
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Rosa JT, Tarasco M, Gavaia PJ, Cancela ML, Laizé V. Screening of Mineralogenic and Osteogenic Compounds in Zebrafish—Tools to Improve Assay Throughput and Data Accuracy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080983. [PMID: 36015130 PMCID: PMC9412667 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone disorders affect millions of people worldwide and treatments currently available often produce undesirable secondary effects or have limited efficacy. It is therefore of the utmost interest for patients to develop more efficient drugs with reduced off-target activities. In the long process of drug development, screening and preclinical validation have recently gained momentum with the increased use of zebrafish as a model organism to study pathological processes related to human bone disorders, and the development of zebrafish high-throughput screening assays to identify bone anabolic compounds. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of the literature on zebrafish bone-related assays and evaluated their performance towards an integration into screening pipelines for the discovery of mineralogenic/osteogenic compounds. Tools available to standardize fish housing and feeding procedures, synchronize embryo production, and automatize specimen sorting and image acquisition/analysis toward faster and more accurate screening outputs were also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T. Rosa
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Marco Tarasco
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- GreenColab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - M. Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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10
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Santistevan NJ, Nelson JC, Ortiz EA, Miller AH, Kenj Halabi D, Sippl ZA, Granato M, Grinblat Y. cacna2d3, a voltage-gated calcium channel subunit, functions in vertebrate habituation learning and the startle sensitivity threshold. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270903. [PMID: 35834485 PMCID: PMC9282658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to filter sensory information into relevant versus irrelevant stimuli is a fundamental, conserved property of the central nervous system and is accomplished in part through habituation learning. Synaptic plasticity that underlies habituation learning has been described at the cellular level, yet the genetic regulators of this plasticity remain poorly understood, as do circuits that mediate sensory filtering. METHODS To identify genes critical for plasticity, a forward genetic screen for zebrafish genes that mediate habituation learning was performed, which identified a mutant allele, doryp177, that caused reduced habituation of the acoustic startle response. In this study, we combine whole-genome sequencing with behavioral analyses to characterize and identify the gene affected in doryp177 mutants. RESULTS Whole-genome sequencing identified the calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha-2/delta-3 (cacna2d3) as a candidate gene affected in doryp177 mutants. Behavioral characterization of larvae homozygous for two additional, independently derived mutant alleles of cacna2d3, together with failure of these alleles to complement doryp177, confirmed a critical role for cacna2d3 in habituation learning. Notably, detailed analyses of the acoustic response in mutant larvae also revealed increased startle sensitivity to acoustic stimuli, suggesting a broader role for cacna2d3 in controlling innate response thresholds to acoustic stimuli. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data demonstrate a critical role for cacna2d3 in sensory filtering, a process that is disrupted in human CNS disorders, e.g. ADHD, schizophrenia, and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Santistevan
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Genetics Ph.D. Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jessica C. Nelson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Elelbin A. Ortiz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Andrew H. Miller
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dima Kenj Halabi
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Zoë A. Sippl
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MG); (YG)
| | - Yevgenya Grinblat
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Genetics Ph.D. Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MG); (YG)
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11
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Agues-Barbosa T, da Silva Junior FC, Gomes-de-Lima JN, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR, Luchiari AC. Behavioral genetics of alcohol's effects in three zebrafish (Danio rerio) populations. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 114:110495. [PMID: 34915060 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is one of the most dangerous and serious problems for patients and society. Interpopulation studies are important in understanding how genetic background contributes to the effects of alcohol. In this study, we applied a chronic alcohol exposure protocol in three zebrafish populations (Danio rerio; both sexes; AB, TU, and outbred fish - OB). We analyzed the behavioral responses and mRNA expression involved in neurotransmitter metabolism - th1, tph1, ache, ada1, gaba1, gad1b, and bdnf. Locomotion patterns were similar between populations (increased speed after acute alcohol and unaltered locomotion after chronic and withdrawal treatments). All populations exhibited increased expression of genes associated with locomotion (th1, gad1b, and gaba1) after acute alcohol exposure. Anxiety-like responses increased in AB and TU fish during withdrawal and decreased in AB fish after acute alcohol exposure. Genes related to anxiety-like behavior (tph1 and ada1) were overexpressed in AB and TU fish after acute and withdrawal treatments, while OB fish exhibited unaltered responses. Bdnf levels decreased during withdrawal in AB and OB fish, while TU showed upregulated levels in both chronic and withdrawal treatments. Our results suggest that zebrafish populations respond differently to alcohol exposure, which may contribute to understanding the mechanisms underlying alcohol use and dependence. Moreover, we found that a more diverse genetic background (OB) was related to higher variability in behavioral and mRNA expression, demonstrating that inbred populations (AB and TU) may be useful tools in identifying alcohol use and abuse mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Agues-Barbosa
- Department of Physiology & Behavior, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- Department of Physiology & Behavior, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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12
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Consequences of excessive glucosylsphingosine in glucocerebrosidase-deficient zebrafish. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100199. [PMID: 35315333 PMCID: PMC9058576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In Gaucher disease (GD), the deficiency of glucocerebrosidase causes lysosomal accumulation of glucosylceramide (GlcCer), which is partly converted by acid ceramidase to glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph) in the lysosome. Chronically elevated blood and tissue GlcSph is thought to contribute to symptoms in GD patients as well as to increased risk for Parkinson’s disease. On the other hand, formation of GlcSph may be beneficial since the water soluble sphingoid base is excreted via urine and bile. To study the role of excessive GlcSph formation during glucocerebrosidase deficiency, we studied zebrafish that have two orthologs of acid ceramidase, Asah1a and Asah1b. Only the latter is involved in the formation of GlcSph in glucocerebrosidase-deficient zebrafish as revealed by knockouts of Asah1a or Asah1b with glucocerebrosidase deficiency (either pharmacologically induced or genetic). Comparison of zebrafish with excessive GlcSph (gba1-/- fish) and without GlcSph (gba1-/-:asah1b-/- fish) allowed us to study the consequences of chronic high levels of GlcSph. Prevention of excessive GlcSph in gba1-/-:asah1b-/- fish did not restrict storage cells, GlcCer accumulation, or neuroinflammation. However, GD fish lacking excessive GlcSph show an ameliorated course of disease reflected by significantly increased lifespan, delayed locomotor abnormality, and delayed development of an abnormal curved back posture. The loss of tyrosine hydroxylase 1 (th1) mRNA, a marker of dopaminergic neurons, is slowed down in brain of GD fish lacking excessive GlcSph. In conclusion, in the zebrafish GD model, excess GlcSph has little impact on (neuro)inflammation or the presence of GlcCer-laden macrophages but rather seems harmful to th1-positive dopaminergic neurons.
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13
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Janik AJ, Whipps CM. Differences in susceptibility to Mycobacterium chelonae in zebrafish (Danio rerio) lines commonly used in scientific research. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:435-443. [PMID: 34905233 PMCID: PMC8828697 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis is one of the most common diseases encountered in laboratory zebrafish. These infections can present a problem to researchers using zebrafish because they may introduce unknown experimental variables. Whilst differences in severity of infections between species of Mycobacterium infecting zebrafish have been well documented, little is known about differences in susceptibility between zebrafish lines. Previous surveys have found higher prevalence in the TU zebrafish line relative to other lines, suggesting that there may be underlying genetic differences in susceptibility. This study investigates Mycobacterium chelonae H1E2-GFP infections in four different zebrafish lines commonly used in research (AB, 5D, casper and TU). Fish were exposed to a labelled (green-fluorescent protein (GFP)) strain of M. chelonae by intraperitoneal injection, and infection status was evaluated after 10 weeks. Visualization of GFP in euthanized fish and histology were used as endpoints. In GFP images, severity was assessed by image analysis, and in histological sections, counts of granulomas containing acid-fast bacteria were used. Results indicated differences in severity of infections between lines, but no significant differences in prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Janik
- SUNY-ESF, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Environmental and Forest Biology, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Christopher M Whipps
- SUNY-ESF, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Environmental and Forest Biology, Syracuse, NY, USA
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14
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White RJ, Mackay E, Wilson SW, Busch-Nentwich EM. Allele-specific gene expression can underlie altered transcript abundance in zebrafish mutants. eLife 2022; 11:72825. [PMID: 35175196 PMCID: PMC8884726 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In model organisms, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) is frequently used to assess the effect of genetic mutations on cellular and developmental processes. Typically, animals heterozygous for a mutation are crossed to produce offspring with different genotypes. Resultant embryos are grouped by genotype to compare homozygous mutant embryos to heterozygous and wild-type siblings. Genes that are differentially expressed between the groups are assumed to reveal insights into the pathways affected by the mutation. Here we show that in zebrafish, differentially expressed genes are often over-represented on the same chromosome as the mutation due to different levels of expression of alleles from different genetic backgrounds. Using an incross of haplotype-resolved wild-type fish, we found evidence of widespread allele-specific expression, which appears as differential expression when comparing embryos homozygous for a region of the genome to their siblings. When analysing mutant transcriptomes, this means that the differential expression of genes on the same chromosome as a mutation of interest may not be caused by that mutation. Typically, the genomic location of a differentially expressed gene is not considered when interpreting its importance with respect to the phenotype. This could lead to pathways being erroneously implicated or overlooked due to the noise of spurious differentially expressed genes on the same chromosome as the mutation. These observations have implications for the interpretation of RNA-seq experiments involving outbred animals and non-inbred model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J White
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eirinn Mackay
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth M Busch-Nentwich
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Clayman CL, Connaughton VP. Neurochemical and Behavioral Consequences of Ethanol and/or Caffeine Exposure: Effects in Zebrafish and Rodents. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:560-578. [PMID: 34766897 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211111142027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are increasingly being utilized to model the behavioral and neurochemical effects of pharmaceuticals and, more recently, pharmaceutical interactions. Zebrafish models of stress establish that both caffeine and ethanol influence anxiety, though few studies have implemented co-administration to assess the interaction of anxiety and reward-seeking. Caffeine exposure in zebrafish is teratogenic, causing developmental abnormalities in the cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and nervous systems of embryos and larvae. Ethanol is also a teratogen and, as an anxiolytic substance, may be able to offset the anxiogenic effects of caffeine. Co-exposure to caffeine and alcohol impacts neuroanatomy and behavior in adolescent animal models, suggesting stimulant substances may moderate the impact of alcohol on neural circuit development. Here, we review the literature describing neuropharmacological and behavioral consequences of caffeine and/or alcohol exposure in the zebrafish model, focusing on neurochemistry, locomotor effects, and behavioral assessments of stress/anxiety as reported in adolescent/juvenile and adult animals. The purpose of this review is twofold: (1) describe the work in zebrafish documenting the effects of ethanol and/or caffeine exposure and (2) compare these zebrafish studies with comparable experiments in rodents. We focus on specific neurochemical pathways (dopamine, serotonin, adenosine, GABA, adenosine), anxiety-type behaviors (assessed with novel tank, thigmotaxis, shoaling), and locomotor changes resulting from both individual and co-exposure. We compare findings in zebrafish with those in rodent models, revealing similarities across species and identifying conservation of mechanisms that potentially reinforce co-addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly L Clayman
- Department of Biology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States
| | - Victoria P Connaughton
- Department of Biology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States
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16
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Pierron F, Lorioux S, Héroin D, Daffe G, Etcheverria B, Cachot J, Morin B, Dufour S, Gonzalez P. Transgenerational epigenetic sex determination: Environment experienced by female fish affects offspring sex ratio. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116864. [PMID: 33714788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sex determination is a complex process that can be influenced by environment in various taxa. Disturbed environments can affect population sex ratios and thus threaten their viability. Emerging evidences support a role of epigenetic mechanisms, notably DNA methylation, in environmental sex determination (ESD). In this work, using zebrafish as model and a transgenerational experiment comprising 4 successive generations, we report a strength link between the promotor methylation level of three genes in female gonads and population sex ratio. One generation of zebrafish was exposed throughout its lifetime to cadmium (Cd), a non-essential metal, at an environmentally relevant concentration. The subsequent generations were not exposed. At the first and the third generation a subset of individuals was exposed to an elevated temperature, a well-known masculinizing factor in zebrafish. While heat was associated to an increase in the methylation level of cyp19a1a gene and population masculinization, foxl2a/dmrt1 methylation levels appeared to be influenced by Cd and fish density leading to offspring feminization. Ancestral Cd exposure indeed led to a progressive feminization of the population over generations and affected the sex plastic response of zebrafish in response to heat. The effect of Cd on the methylation level of foxl2a was observed until the third generation, supporting potential transgenerational inheritance. Our results support (i) a key role of cyp19a1a methylation in SD in zebrafish in response to environmental cues and (ii) the fact that the environment experienced by parents, namely mothers in the present case, can affect their offspring sex ratio via environment-induced DNA methylation changes in gonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Pierron
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France.
| | - Sophie Lorioux
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Débora Héroin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Guillemine Daffe
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INRAE, La Rochelle Univ., UMS 2567 POREA, F-33615, Pessac, France
| | | | - Jérôme Cachot
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Bénédicte Morin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Laboratory Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, 75231, Paris Cedex, 05, France
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
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17
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A genetic modifier of venous thrombosis in zebrafish reveals a functional role for fibrinogen AαE in early hemostasis. Blood Adv 2021; 4:5480-5491. [PMID: 33166405 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma fibrinogen molecules comprise 2 copies of Aα, Bβ, and γ chains folded into a hexameric protein. A minor fibrinogen isoform with an extended Aα chain (AαE) is more abundant in newborn human blood than in adults. Larval zebrafish produce predominantly AαE-containing fibrinogen, but its functional significance is unclear. In 3-day-old zebrafish, when hemostasis is reliant on fibrinogen and erythrocyte-rich clotting but is largely thrombocyte-independent, we measured the time to occlusion (TTO) in a laser-induced venous thrombosis assay in 3 zebrafish strains (AB, TU, and AB × TL hybrids). AB larvae showed delayed TTO compared with the TU and AB × TL strains. Mating AB with TU or TL produced larvae with a TU-like TTO. In contrast to TU, AB larvae failed to produce fibrinogen AαE, due to a mutation in the AαE-specific coding region of fibrinogen α-chain gene (fga). We investigated whether the lack of AαE explained the delayed AB TTO. Transgenic expression of AαE, but not Aα, shortened the AB TTO to that of TU. AαE rescued venous occlusion in fibrinogen mutants or larvae with morpholino-targeted fibrinogen α-chain messenger RNA, but Aα was less effective. In 5-day-old larvae, circulating thrombocytes contribute to hemostasis, as visualized in Tg(itga2b:EGFP) transgenics. Laser-induced venous thrombocyte adhesion and aggregation is reduced in fibrinogen mutants, but transgenic expression of Aα or AαE restored similar thrombocyte accumulation at the injury site. Our data demonstrate a genetic modifier of venous thrombosis and a role for fibrinogen AαE in early developmental blood coagulation, and suggest a link between differentially expressed fibrinogen isoforms and the cell types available for clotting.
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18
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Zebrafish male differentiation: Do all testes go through a "juvenile ovary" stage? Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101545. [PMID: 33915358 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) studies describe before the onset of mature gonads differentiation all individuals go through a "juvenile ovary" stage. However, the sequential events of the early zebrafish gonad differentiation are still not described in full detail and recent works indicate that some individuals never form a "juvenile ovary" structure. Therefore, the present study aimed to confirm the existence of two processes of zebrafish male differentiation. For this purpose, every two days between 20 and 30 days post-fertilization (dpf) zebrafish were collected for a stereological analysis of the differentiating gonads. The histological evaluation showed that prior to 22 dpf, zebrafish gonads were still undifferentiated. At 24 dpf, some individuals started to present a "juvenile ovary" and from 26 to 30 dpf, it was possible to discern two processes of gonad development. The majority of the individuals (80 %) developed a "juvenile ovary", while in the remaining (20 %) it was not possible to detect this structure. The results of the present study show the existence of two distinct processes of zebrafish male gonad development, indicating that not all individuals go through the "juvenile ovary" stage.
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19
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Suurväli J, Whiteley AR, Zheng Y, Gharbi K, Leptin M, Wiehe T. The Laboratory Domestication of Zebrafish: From Diverse Populations to Inbred Substrains. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:1056-1069. [PMID: 31808937 PMCID: PMC7086173 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We know from human genetic studies that practically all aspects of biology are strongly influenced by the genetic background, as reflected in the advent of “personalized medicine.” Yet, with few exceptions, this is not taken into account when using laboratory populations as animal model systems for research in these fields. Laboratory strains of zebrafish (Danio rerio) are widely used for research in vertebrate developmental biology, behavior, and physiology, for modeling diseases, and for testing pharmaceutic compounds in vivo. However, all of these strains are derived from artificial bottleneck events and therefore are likely to represent only a fraction of the genetic diversity present within the species. Here, we use restriction site-associated DNA sequencing to genetically characterize wild populations of zebrafish from India, Nepal, and Bangladesh, and to compare them to previously published data on four common laboratory strains. We measured nucleotide diversity, heterozygosity, and allele frequency spectra, and find that wild zebrafish are much more diverse than laboratory strains. Further, in wild zebrafish, there is a clear signal of GC-biased gene conversion that is missing in laboratory strains. We also find that zebrafish populations in Nepal and Bangladesh are most distinct from all other strains studied, making them an attractive subject for future studies of zebrafish population genetics and molecular ecology. Finally, isolates of the same strains kept in different laboratories show a pattern of ongoing differentiation into genetically distinct substrains. Together, our findings broaden the basis for future genetic, physiological, pharmaceutic, and evolutionary studies in Danio rerio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaanus Suurväli
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrew R Whiteley
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Yichen Zheng
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karim Gharbi
- Edinburgh Genomics, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Leptin
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiehe
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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20
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Alyenbaawi H, Kanyo R, Locskai LF, Kamali-Jamil R, DuVal MG, Bai Q, Wille H, Burton EA, Allison WT. Seizures are a druggable mechanistic link between TBI and subsequent tauopathy. eLife 2021; 10:58744. [PMID: 33527898 PMCID: PMC7853719 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prominent risk factor for dementias including tauopathies like chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The mechanisms that promote prion-like spreading of Tau aggregates after TBI are not fully understood, in part due to lack of tractable animal models. Here, we test the putative role of seizures in promoting the spread of tauopathy. We introduce ‘tauopathy reporter’ zebrafish expressing a genetically encoded fluorescent Tau biosensor that reliably reports accumulation of human Tau species when seeded via intraventricular brain injections. Subjecting zebrafish larvae to a novel TBI paradigm produced various TBI features including cell death, post–traumatic seizures, and Tau inclusions. Bath application of dynamin inhibitors or anticonvulsant drugs rescued TBI-induced tauopathy and cell death. These data suggest a role for seizure activity in the prion-like seeding and spreading of tauopathy following TBI. Further work is warranted regarding anti-convulsants that dampen post-traumatic seizures as a route to moderating subsequent tauopathy. Traumatic brain injury can result from direct head concussions, rapid head movements, or a blast wave generated by an explosion. Traumatic brain injury often causes seizures in the short term and is a risk factor for certain dementias, including Alzheimer’s disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy in the long term. A protein called Tau undergoes a series of chemical changes in these dementias that makes it accumulate, form toxic filaments and kill neurons. The toxic abnormal Tau proteins are initially found only in certain regions of the brain, but they spread as the disease progresses. Previous studies in Alzheimer’s disease and other diseases where Tau proteins are abnormal suggest that Tau can spread between neighboring neurons and this can be promoted by neuron activity. However, scientists do not know whether similar mechanisms are at work following traumatic brain injury. Given that seizures are very common following traumatic brain injury, could they be partly responsible for promoting dementia? To investigate this, researchers need animal models in which they can measure neural activity associated with traumatic brain injury and observe the spread of abnormal Tau proteins. Alyenbaawi et al. engineered zebrafish so that their Tau proteins would be fluorescent, making it possible to track the accumulation of aggregated Tau protein in the brain. Next, they invented a simple way to perform traumatic brain injury on zebrafish larvae by using a syringe to produce a pressure wave. After this procedure, many of the fish exhibited features consistent with progression towards dementia, and seizure-like behaviors. The results showed that post-traumatic seizures are linked to the spread of aggregates of abnormal Tau following traumatic brain injury. Alyenbaawi et al. also found that anticonvulsant drugs can lower the levels of abnormal Tau proteins in neurons, preventing cell death, and could potentially ameliorate dementias associated with traumatic brain injury. These drugs are already being used to prevent post-traumatic epilepsy, but more research is needed to confirm whether they reduce the risk or severity of Tau-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Alyenbaawi
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Richard Kanyo
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Laszlo F Locskai
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Razieh Kamali-Jamil
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Michèle G DuVal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Qing Bai
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Holger Wille
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Edward A Burton
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - W Ted Allison
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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21
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Joo W, Vivian MD, Graham BJ, Soucy ER, Thyme SB. A Customizable Low-Cost System for Massively Parallel Zebrafish Behavioral Phenotyping. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:606900. [PMID: 33536882 PMCID: PMC7847893 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.606900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput behavioral phenotyping is critical to genetic or chemical screening approaches. Zebrafish larvae are amenable to high-throughput behavioral screening because of their rapid development, small size, and conserved vertebrate brain architecture. Existing commercial behavioral phenotyping systems are expensive and not easily modified for new assays. Here, we describe a modular, highly adaptable, and low-cost system. Along with detailed assembly and operation instructions, we provide data acquisition software and a robust, parallel analysis pipeline. We validate our approach by analyzing stimulus response profiles in larval zebrafish, confirming prepulse inhibition phenotypes of two previously isolated mutants, and highlighting best practices for growing larvae prior to behavioral testing. Our new design thus allows rapid construction and streamlined operation of many large-scale behavioral setups with minimal resources and fabrication expertise, with broad applications to other aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Joo
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael D. Vivian
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Brett J. Graham
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Edward R. Soucy
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Summer B. Thyme
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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22
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De Oliveira J, Chadili E, Turies C, Brion F, Cousin X, Hinfray N. A comparison of behavioral and reproductive parameters between wild-type, transgenic and mutant zebrafish: Could they all be considered the same "zebrafish" for reglementary assays on endocrine disruption? Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 239:108879. [PMID: 32877737 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic zebrafish models are efficiently used to study the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC); thereby informing on their mechanisms of action. However, given the reported differences between zebrafish strains at the genetical, physiological and behavioral levels; care should be taken before using these transgenic models for EDC testing. In the present study, we undertook a set of experiments in different transgenic and/or mutant zebrafish strains of interest for EDC testing: casper, cyp19a1a-eGFP, cyp19a1a-eGFP-casper, cyp11c1-eGFP, cyp11c1-eGFP-casper. Some behavioral traits, and some biochemical and reproductive physiological endpoints commonly used in EDC testing were assessed and compared to those obtained in WT AB zebrafish to ensure that transgene insertion and/or mutations do not negatively modify basal reproductive physiology or behavior of the fish. Behavioral traits considered as anxiety and sociality have been monitored. Sociality was evaluated by monitoring the time spent near congeners in a shuttle box while anxiety was evaluated using the Novel tank diving test. No critical difference was observed between strains for either sociality or anxiety level. Concerning reproduction, no significant difference in the number of eggs laid per female, in the viability of eggs or in the female circulating VTG concentrations was noted between the 5 transgenic/mutants and the WT AB zebrafish studied. In summary, the transgene insertion and the mutations had no influence on the endpoints measured in basal conditions. These results were a prerequisite to the use of these transgenic/mutant models for EDC testing. Next step will be to determine the sensitivity of these biological models to chemical exposure to accurately validate their use in existing fish assays for EDC testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie De Oliveira
- INERIS, Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR I-02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Edith Chadili
- INERIS, Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR I-02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Cyril Turies
- INERIS, Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR I-02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - François Brion
- INERIS, Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR I-02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Xavier Cousin
- MARBEC Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France; Univ. Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, GABI, France
| | - Nathalie Hinfray
- INERIS, Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR I-02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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23
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King AC, Gut M, Zenker AK. Shedding new light on early sex determination in zebrafish. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:4143-4158. [PMID: 32975586 PMCID: PMC7655572 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to established zebrafish gene annotations, the question of sex determination has still not been conclusively clarified for developing zebrafish, Danio rerio, larvae, 28 dpf or earlier. Recent studies indicate polygenic sex determination (PSD), with the genes being distributed throughout the genome. Early genetic markers of sex in zebrafish help unravel co-founding sex-related differences to apply to human health and environmental toxicity studies. A qPCR-based method was developed for six genes: cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (cyp17a1); cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1a (cyp19a1a); cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptides 1b (cyp19a1b); vitellogenin 1 (vtg1); nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 1 (nr0b1), sry (sex-determining region Y)-box 9b (sox9b) and actin, beta 1 (actb1), the reference gene. Sry-box 9a (Sox9a), insulin-like growth factor 3 (igf3) and double sex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (dmrt1), which are also known to be associated with sex determination, were used in gene expression tests. Additionally, Next-Generation-Sequencing (NGS) sequenced the genome of two adult female and male and two juveniles. PCR analysis of adult zebrafish revealed sex-specific expression of cyp17a1, cyp19a1a, vtg1, igf3 and dmrt1, the first four strongly expressed in female zebrafish and the last one highly expressed in male conspecifics. From NGS, nine female and four male-fated genes were selected as novel for assessing zebrafish sex, 28 dpf. Differences in transcriptomes allowed allocation of sex-specific genes also expressed in juvenile zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C King
- FHNW, University of Applied Sciences and Arts North-Western Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Ecopreneurship, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Gut
- FHNW, University of Applied Sciences and Arts North-Western Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Ecopreneurship, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Armin K Zenker
- FHNW, University of Applied Sciences and Arts North-Western Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Ecopreneurship, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland.
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Huang IJ, Dheilly NM, Sirotkin HI, McElroy AE. Comparative transcriptomics implicate mitochondrial and neurodevelopmental impairments in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:110934. [PMID: 32888599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products are emerging contaminants that are increasingly detected in the environment worldwide. Certain classes of pharmaceuticals, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are a major environmental concern due to their widespread use and the fact that these compounds are designed to have biological effects at low doses. A complication in predicting toxic effects of SSRIs in nontarget organisms is that their mechanism of action is not fully understood. To better understand the potential toxic effects of SSRIs, we employed an ultra-low input RNA-sequencing method to identify potential pathways that are affected by early exposure to two SSRIs (fluoxetine and paroxetine). We exposed wildtype zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to 100 μg/L of either fluoxetine or paroxetine for 6 days before extracting and sequencing mRNA from individual larval brains. Differential gene expression analysis identified 1550 genes that were significantly affected by SSRI exposure with a core set of 138 genes altered by both SSRIs. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified 7 modules of genes whose expression patterns were significantly correlated with SSRI exposure. Functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes as well as network module genes repeatedly identified various terms associated with mitochondrial and neuronal structures, mitochondrial respiration, and neurodevelopmental processes. The enrichment of these terms indicates that toxic effects of SSRI exposure are likely caused by mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent neurodevelopmental effects. To our knowledge, this is the first effort to study the tissue-specific transcriptomic effects of SSRIs in developing zebrafish, providing specific, high resolution molecular data regarding the sublethal effects of SSRI exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irvin J Huang
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Nolwenn M Dheilly
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Howard I Sirotkin
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anne E McElroy
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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25
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A vertebrate model to reveal neural substrates underlying the transitions between conscious and unconscious states. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15789. [PMID: 32978423 PMCID: PMC7519646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of neuropharmacology has not yet achieved a full understanding of how the brain transitions between states of consciousness and drug-induced unconsciousness, or anesthesia. Many small molecules are used to alter human consciousness, but the repertoire of underlying molecular targets, and thereby the genes, are incompletely understood. Here we describe a robust larval zebrafish model of anesthetic action, from sedation to general anesthesia. We use loss of movement under three different conditions, spontaneous movement, electrical stimulation or a tap, as a surrogate for sedation and general anesthesia, respectively. Using these behavioral patterns, we find that larval zebrafish respond to inhalational and IV anesthetics at concentrations similar to mammals. Additionally, known sedative drugs cause loss of spontaneous larval movement but not to the tap response. This robust, highly tractable vertebrate model can be used in the detection of genes and neural substrates involved in the transition from consciousness to unconsciousness.
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26
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Wang L, Wu Z, Zou C, Liang S, Zou Y, Liu Y, You F. Sex-Dependent RNA Editing and N6-adenosine RNA Methylation Profiling in the Gonads of a Fish, the Olive Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus). Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:751. [PMID: 32850855 PMCID: PMC7419692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) are two of the most abundant RNA modifications. Here, we examined the characteristics of the RNA editing and transcriptome-wide m6A modification profile in the gonads of the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, an important maricultured fish in Asia. The gonadal differentiation and development of the flounder are controlled by genetic as well as environmental factors, and the epigenetic mechanism may play an important role. In total, 742 RNA editing events were identified, 459 of which caused A to I conversion. Most A-to-I sites were located in 3′UTRs, while 61 were detected in coding regions (CDs). The number of editing sites in the testis was higher than that in the ovary. Transcriptome-wide analyses showed that more than one-half of the transcribed genes presented an m6A modification in the flounder gonads, and approximately 60% of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the testis and ovary appeared to be negatively correlated with m6A methylation enrichment. Further analyses revealed that the mRNA expression of some sex-related genes (e.g., dmrt1 and amh) in the gonads may be regulated by changes in mRNA m6A enrichment. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the RNA editing and m6A modifications were enriched in several canonical pathways (e.g., Wnt and MAPK signaling pathways) in fish gonads and in some pathways whose roles have not been investigated in relation to fish sex differentiation and gonadal development (e.g., PPAR and RNA degradation pathways). There were 125 genes that were modified by both A-to-I editing and m6A, but the two types of modifications mostly occurred at different sites. Our results suggested that the presence of sex-specific RNA modifications may be involved in the regulation of gonadal development and gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Congcong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoshuai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxia Zou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Feng You
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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Adams LG, Gordon MS, Buth DG, Hutchings EM. A Comparison of Isogenic Homozygous Clone and Wildtype Zebrafish ( Danio rerio): Survival and Developmental Responses to Low pH Conditions. Zebrafish 2020; 17:196-210. [PMID: 32315581 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2019.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The value of bioassays as analytical methods for assessing the potency of particular stressors on live animal models depends on the precision of their results, which are greatly influenced by the choice of test subjects. The genetic makeup of experimental subjects varies, and, as such, so will their responses to the test environment. Genetic diversity of test populations may contribute to statistical variability; therefore, the use of genetically similar subjects may enhance the utility of bioassays. This study addresses the efficacy of using isogenic homozygous zebrafish (Danio rerio) as subjects for bioassays. Stress responses (acidic conditions) were compared during early development for gynogenetically produced isogenic homozygous line of zebrafish (C32) and wildtype (WT) zebrafish. Experiments evaluated early life stage milestones after exposure to low pH in water of a different electrolyte composition. Because the isogenic homozygous clonal (IHC) fish possessed far less genetic variability than the WT fish tested, it was predicted that the IHC fish would exhibit less variability in their response to stress. Although we found no significant differences in the variability between the responses of the IHC and WT fish, pH and water hardness level had a differential effect on the two groups. Simple strain differences may be the probable cause of the response differences to environmental stress. Factors that may affect stress response, such as heterogeneity, co-adapted gene complexes, and domestication, are discussed. Our findings and review of recent zebrafish literature stress the need for researchers to carefully consider breeding histories and trait characteristics for each potential test subject to maximize the sensitivity of the assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa G Adams
- Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
| | - Malcolm S Gordon
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Donald G Buth
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Erica M Hutchings
- Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
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28
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Bian C, Chen W, Ruan Z, Hu Z, Huang Y, Lv Y, Xu T, Li J, Shi Q, Ge W. Genome and Transcriptome Sequencing of casper and roy Zebrafish Mutants Provides Novel Genetic Clues for Iridophore Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072385. [PMID: 32235607 PMCID: PMC7177266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
casper has been a widely used transparent mutant of zebrafish. It possesses a combined loss of reflective iridophores and light-absorbing melanophores, which gives rise to its almost transparent trunk throughout larval and adult stages. Nevertheless, genomic causal mutations of this transparent phenotype are poorly defined. To identify the potential genetic basis of this fascinating morphological phenotype, we constructed genome maps by performing genome sequencing of 28 zebrafish individuals including wild-type AB strain, roy orbison (roy), and casper mutants. A total of 4.3 million high-quality and high-confidence homozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the present study. We also identified a 6.0-Mb linkage disequilibrium block specifically in both roy and casper that was composed of 39 functional genes, of which the mpv17 gene was potentially involved in the regulation of iridophore formation and maintenance. This is the first report of high-confidence genomic mutations in the mpv17 gene of roy and casper that potentially leads to defective splicing as one major molecular clue for the iridophore loss. Additionally, comparative transcriptomic analyses of skin tissues from the AB, roy and casper groups revealed detailed transcriptional changes of several core genes that may be involved in melanophore and iridophore degeneration. In summary, our updated genome and transcriptome sequencing of the casper and roy mutants provides novel genetic clues for the iridophore loss. These new genomic variation maps will offer a solid genetic basis for expanding the zebrafish mutant database and in-depth investigation into pigmentation of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Bian
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (C.B.); (W.C.); (Z.H.)
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China; (Z.R.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (T.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Weiting Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (C.B.); (W.C.); (Z.H.)
- School of Life Sciences, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ruan
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China; (Z.R.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (T.X.); (J.L.)
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (C.B.); (W.C.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yu Huang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China; (Z.R.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (T.X.); (J.L.)
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yunyun Lv
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China; (Z.R.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (T.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Tengfei Xu
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China; (Z.R.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (T.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Jia Li
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China; (Z.R.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (T.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Qiong Shi
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China; (Z.R.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (T.X.); (J.L.)
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (W.G.); Tel.: +86-185-6627-9826 (Q.S.); +853-8822-4998 (W.G.)
| | - Wei Ge
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (C.B.); (W.C.); (Z.H.)
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (W.G.); Tel.: +86-185-6627-9826 (Q.S.); +853-8822-4998 (W.G.)
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29
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Early life exposure to cortisol in zebrafish (Danio rerio): similarities and differences in behaviour and physiology between larvae of the AB and TL strains. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 30:260-271. [PMID: 30724799 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Maternal stress and early life stress affect development. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are ideally suited to study this, as embryos develop externally into free-feeding larvae. The objective of this study was therefore to assess the effects of increased levels of cortisol, mimicking thereby maternal stress, on larval physiology and behaviour. We studied the effects in two common zebrafish strains, that is, AB and Tupfel long-fin (TL), to assess strain dependency of effects. Fertilized eggs were exposed to a cortisol-containing medium (1.1 μmol/l) or control medium from 0 to 6 h following fertilization, after which at 5-day following fertilization, larval behaviour and baseline hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal cells axis functioning were measured. The data confirmed earlier observed differences between AB larvae and TL larvae: a lower hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis activity in TL larvae than AB larvae, and slower habituation to repeated acoustic/vibrational stimuli in TL larvae than AB larvae. Following cortisol treatment, increased baseline levels of cortisol were found in AB larvae but not TL larvae. At the behavioural level, increased thigmotaxis or 'wall hugging' was found in AB larvae, but decreased thigmotaxis in TL larvae; however, both AB larvae and TL larvae showed decreased habituation to repeated acoustic/vibrational stimuli. The data emphasize that strain is a critical factor in zebrafish research. The habituation data suggest a robust effect of cortisol exposure, which is likely an adaptive response to increase the likelihood of detecting or responding to potentially threatening stimuli. This may enhance early life survival. Along with other studies, our study underlines the notion that zebrafish may be a powerful model animal to study the effects of maternal and early life stress on life history.
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30
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Demin KA, Meshalkina DA, Volgin AD, Yakovlev OV, de Abreu MS, Alekseeva PA, Friend AJ, Lakstygal AM, Zabegalov K, Amstislavskaya TG, Strekalova T, Bao W, Kalueff AV. Developing zebrafish experimental animal models relevant to schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 105:126-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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31
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Rezansoff AM, Laing R, Martinelli A, Stasiuk S, Redman E, Bartley D, Holroyd N, Devaney E, Sargison ND, Doyle S, Cotton JA, Gilleard JS. The confounding effects of high genetic diversity on the determination and interpretation of differential gene expression analysis in the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:847-858. [PMID: 31525371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Differential expression analysis between parasitic nematode strains is commonly used to implicate candidate genes in anthelmintic resistance or other biological functions. We have tested the hypothesis that the high genetic diversity of an organism such as Haemonchus contortus could complicate such analyses. First, we investigated the extent to which sequence polymorphism affects the reliability of differential expression analysis between the genetically divergent H. contortus strains MHco3(ISE), MHco4(WRS) and MHco10(CAVR). Using triplicates of 20 adult female worms from each population isolated under parallel experimental conditions, we found that high rates of sequence polymorphism in RNAseq reads were associated with lower efficiency read mapping to gene models under default TopHat2 parameters, leading to biased estimates of inter-strain differential expression. We then showed it is possible to largely compensate for this bias by optimising the read mapping single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allowance and filtering out genes with particularly high single nucleotide polymorphism rates. Once the sequence polymorphism biases were removed, we then assessed the genuine transcriptional diversity between the strains, finding ≥824 differentially expressed genes across all three pairwise strain comparisons. This high level of inter-strain transcriptional diversity not only suggests substantive inter-strain phenotypic variation but also highlights the difficulty in reliably associating differential expression of specific genes with phenotypic differences. To provide a practical example, we analysed two gene families of potential relevance to ivermectin drug resistance; the ABC transporters and the ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs). Over half of genes identified as differentially expressed using default TopHat2 parameters were shown to be an artifact of sequence polymorphism differences. This work illustrates the need to account for sequence polymorphism in differential expression analysis. It also demonstrates that a large number of genuine transcriptional differences can occur between H. contortus strains and these must be considered before associating the differential expression of specific genes with phenotypic differences between strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Rezansoff
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roz Laing
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Martinelli
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Stasiuk
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Redman
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dave Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy Holroyd
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Devaney
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Neil D Sargison
- University of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Doyle
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - James A Cotton
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - John S Gilleard
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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32
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Use of gene knockout to examine serotonergic control of ion uptake in zebrafish reveals the importance of controlling for genetic background: A cautionary tale. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 238:110558. [PMID: 31446068 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater (FW) fishes inhabit dilute environments and must actively absorb ions in order to counteract diffusive salt loss. Neuroendocrine control of ion uptake in FW fishes is an important feature of ion homeostasis and several important neuroendocrine factors have been identified. The role of serotonin (5-HT), however, has received less attention despite several studies pointing to a role for 5-HT in the control of ion balance. Here, we used a gene knockout approach to elucidate the role of 5-HT in regulating Na+ and Ca2+ uptake rates in larval zebrafish. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is the rate-limiting step in 5-HT synthesis and we therefore hypothesized that ion uptake rates would be altered in zebrafish larvae carrying knockout mutations in tph genes. We first examined the effect of tph1b knockout (KO) and found that tph1bKO larvae, obtained from Harvard University, had reduced rates of Na+ and Ca2+ uptake compared to wild-type (WT) larvae from our institution (uOttawa WT), lending support to our hypothesis. However, further experiments controlling for differences in genetic background demonstrated that WT larvae from Harvard University (Harvard WT) had lower ion uptake rates than those of uOttawa WT, and that ion uptake rate between Harvard WT and tph1bKO larvae were not significantly different. Therefore, our initial observation that tph1bKO larvae (Harvard source) had reduced ion uptake rates relative to uOttawa WT was a function of genetic background and not of knockout itself. These data provide a cautionary tale of the importance of controlling for genetic background in gene knockout experiments.
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33
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Skayneh H, Jishi B, Hleihel R, Hamieh M, Darwiche N, Bazarbachi A, El Sabban M, El Hajj H. A Critical Review of Animal Models Used in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Pathophysiology. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E614. [PMID: 31412687 PMCID: PMC6722578 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most frequent, complex, and heterogeneous hematological malignancies. AML prognosis largely depends on acquired cytogenetic, epigenetic, and molecular abnormalities. Despite the improvement in understanding the biology of AML, survival rates remain quite low. Animal models offer a valuable tool to recapitulate different AML subtypes, and to assess the potential role of novel and known mutations in disease progression. This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of select available AML animal models. These include the non-mammalian Zebrafish and Drosophila models as well as the mammalian rodent systems, comprising rats and mice. The suitability of each animal model, its contribution to the advancement of knowledge in AML pathophysiology and treatment, as well as its advantages and limitations are discussed. Despite some limitations, animal models represent a powerful approach to assess toxicity, and permit the design of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Skayneh
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Batoul Jishi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Rita Hleihel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Maguy Hamieh
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Hiba El Hajj
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
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Hu Z, Lavik KI, Liu Y, Vo AH, Richter CE, Di Paola J, Shavit JA. Loss of fibrinogen in zebrafish results in an asymptomatic embryonic hemostatic defect and synthetic lethality with thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:607-617. [PMID: 30663848 PMCID: PMC6443434 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Loss of fibrinogen in zebrafish has been previously shown to result in adult onset hemorrhage Hemostatic defects were discovered in early fga-/- embryos but well tolerated until adulthood Afibrinogenemia and thrombocytopenia results in synthetic lethality in zebrafish. Testing human FGA variants of uncertain significance in zebrafish identified causative mutations SUMMARY: Background Mutations in the alpha chain of fibrinogen (FGA), such as deficiencies in other fibrinogen subunits, lead to rare inherited autosomal recessive hemostatic disorders. These range from asymptomatic to catastrophic life-threatening bleeds and the molecular basis of inherited fibrinogen deficiencies is only partially understood. Zinc finger nucleases have been used to produce mutations in zebrafish fga, resulting in overt adult-onset hemorrhage and reduced survival. Objectives To determine the age of onset of hemostatic defects in afibrinogenemic zebrafish and model human fibrinogen deficiencies. Methods TALEN genome editing (transcription activator-like effector nucleases) was used to generate a zebrafish fga mutant. Hemostatic defects were assessed through survival, gross anatomical and histological observation and laser-induced endothelial injury. Human FGA variants with unknown pathologies were engineered into the orthologous positions in zebrafish fga. Results Loss of Fga decreased survival and resulted in synthetic lethality when combined with thrombocytopenia. Zebrafish fga mutants exhibit a severe hemostatic defect by 3 days of life, but without visible hemorrhage. Induced thrombus formation through venous endothelial injury was completely absent in mutant embryos and larvae. This hemostatic defect was restored by microinjection of wild-type fga cDNA plasmid or purified human fibrinogen. This system was used to determine whether unknown human variants were pathological by engineering them into fga. Conclusions These studies confirm that loss of fibrinogen in zebrafish results in the absence of hemostasis from the embryonic period through adulthood. When combined with thrombocytopenia, zebrafish exhibit synthetic lethality, demonstrating that thrombocytes are necessary for survival in response to hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilian Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kari I Lavik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andy H Vo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jorge Di Paola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jordan A Shavit
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Ezh1 arises from Ezh2 gene duplication but its function is not required for zebrafish development. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4319. [PMID: 30867490 PMCID: PMC6416316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylation on H3K27 mediated by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is required to control gene repression programs involved in development, regulation of tissue homeostasis or maintenance and lineage specification of stem cells. In Drosophila, the PRC2 catalytic subunit is the single protein E(z), while in mammals this function is fulfilled by two proteins, Ezh1 and Ezh2. Based on database searches, we propose that Ezh1 arose from an Ezh2 gene duplication that has occurred in the common ancestor to elasmobranchs and bony vertebrates. Expression studies in zebrafish using in situ hybridization and RT-PCR followed by the sequencing of the amplicon revealed that ezh1 mRNAs are maternally deposited. Then, ezh1 transcripts are ubiquitously distributed in the entire embryo at 24 hpf and become more restricted to anterior part of the embryo at later developmental stages. To unveil the function of ezh1 in zebrafish, a mutant line was generated using the TALEN technology. Ezh1-deficient mutant fish are viable and fertile, but the loss of ezh1 function is responsible for the earlier death of ezh2 mutant larvae indicating that ezh1 contributes to zebrafish development in absence of zygotic ezh2 gene function. Furthermore, we show that presence of ezh1 transcripts from the maternal origin accounts for the delayed lethality of ezh2-deficient larvae.
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Lille-Langøy R, Karlsen OA, Myklebust LM, Goldstone JV, Mork-Jansson A, Male R, Blumberg B, Stegeman JJ, Goksøyr A. Sequence Variations in pxr (nr1i2) From Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Strains Affect Nuclear Receptor Function. Toxicol Sci 2019; 168:28-39. [PMID: 30371853 PMCID: PMC6390661 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulators of biotransformation are of particular interest in pharmacology and toxicology, determining in part the metabolism, disposition, and toxicity of chemicals. The nuclear receptor NR1I2 (pregnane X receptor, PXR) is a prominent xenosensor that regulates the expression of biotransformation enzymes governing elimination of many exogenous as well as endogenous compounds. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has only one gene locus for pxr, but different genetic variants have been identified in zebrafish. However, the prevalence and significance of these variants are unknown. We hypothesize that sequence variation occurring in the Pxr gene of zebrafish may affect the action and fate of many chemicals in this species, a key model organism in various fields of research, including environmental toxicology. Here, we examine variation in Pxr sequences from four different strains of zebrafish and assess the responses of each Pxr to clotrimazole and butyl-4-aminobenzoate. The Pxr variants differed in both their ability to bind these structurally different ligands and to regulate reporter gene expression in vitro. We infer that the observed sequence variations in zebrafish Pxrs likely affect the response to putative Pxr agonists in vivo and potentially cause strain-specific biotransformation of xenobiotics in zebrafish. Thus, the choice of zebrafish strain could affect the outcome of downstream toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Lille-Langøy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5006 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jared V Goldstone
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, U. S. A
| | - Astrid Mork-Jansson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5006 Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Rune Male
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, U. S. A
| | - John J Stegeman
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, U. S. A
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5006 Bergen, Norway
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Nikinmaa M, Anttila K. Individual variation in aquatic toxicology: Not only unwanted noise. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 207:29-33. [PMID: 30508650 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mean value of any parameter and its changes are usually discussed, when ecotoxicological studies are carried out. However, also the variation of any parameter and its changes can be important components of the responses to environmental contamination. Although the homogeneity of variances is commonly tested, testing is done for the use of correct statistical methods, not because of exploring the possibility that variability and its changes could be important components of environmental responses. We evaluated recent aquatic toxicological literature and found that in the majority of articles indicating that homogeneity of variances was tested and giving the result of testing, the assumption of homogeneity was not fulfilled. Further, it was observed that in some studies experimental treatment clearly affected the variability. In this commentary we discuss the reasons for variability: measurement errors, experimental design, genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity, and conclude that even after accounting for experimental design and genetic makeup significant variability remains. This plasticity may change in environmental responses as suggested by a hypothetical example, and as confirmed by experimental data. As a consequence, the changes of variability can be significant, even when the means do not differ. Because of this, variability and its changes should always be analysed and reported. This will be easy, since the datasets are exactly the same for comparing the variances and means, and as normally variances are tested for homogeneity. It is likely that much new information about the responses of organisms to environmental contamination will be obtained. However, the present journal practises tend to discourage one from concentrating on anything but the mean. In contrast, we think it is imperative that variability is always included as an endpoint in data analysis in the future.
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Tudorache C, Slabbekoorn H, Robbers Y, Hin E, Meijer JH, Spaink HP, Schaaf MJM. Biological clock function is linked to proactive and reactive personality types. BMC Biol 2018; 16:148. [PMID: 30577878 PMCID: PMC6303931 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0618-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many physiological processes in our body are controlled by the biological clock and show circadian rhythmicity. It is generally accepted that a robust rhythm is a prerequisite for optimal functioning and that a lack of rhythmicity can contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Here, we tested in a heterogeneous laboratory zebrafish population whether and how variation in the rhythmicity of the biological clock is associated with the coping styles of individual animals, as assessed in a behavioural assay to reliably measure this along a continuum between proactive and reactive extremes. Results Using RNA sequencing on brain samples, we demonstrated a prominent difference in the expression level of genes involved in the biological clock between proactive and reactive individuals. Subsequently, we tested whether this correlation between gene expression and coping style was due to a consistent change in the level of clock gene expression or to a phase shift or to altered amplitude of the circadian rhythm of gene expression. Our data show a remarkable individual variation in amplitude of the clock gene expression rhythms, which was also reflected in the fluctuating concentrations of melatonin and cortisol, and locomotor activity. This variation in rhythmicity showed a strong correlation with the coping style of the individual, ranging from robust rhythms with large amplitudes in proactive fish to a complete absence of rhythmicity in reactive fish. The rhythmicity of the proactive fish decreased when challenged with constant light conditions whereas the rhythmicity of reactive individuals was not altered. Conclusion These results shed new light on the role of the biological clock by demonstrating that large variation in circadian rhythmicity of individuals may occur within populations. The observed correlation between coping style and circadian rhythmicity suggests that the level of rhythmicity forms an integral part of proactive or reactive coping styles. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-018-0618-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Slabbekoorn
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yuri Robbers
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Hin
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna H Meijer
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Holden LA, Wilson C, Heineman Z, Dobrinski KP, Brown KH. An Interrogation of Shared and Unique Copy Number Variants Across Genetically Distinct Zebrafish Strains. Zebrafish 2018; 16:29-36. [PMID: 30418105 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a widely utilized model system for human disorders, but common laboratory strains have distinct behavioral and physiological differences. Accompanying these known strain differences, commonly used "wildtype" zebrafish strains have both shared and unique suites of single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants (CNVs). Despite this, genomic variation is often ignored in study design, and the actual strain used is often not adequately reported. The goal of this study was to assess CNVs across three common laboratory strains of zebrafish-AB, Tubingen (TU), and WIK-and provide these data as a tool for the zebrafish community. Herein we identified 1351 CNV regions within the most recent genome assembly (GRCz11) covering 1.9% of the zebrafish genome (31.7 Mb). CNVs were found across all chromosomes, and 2200 genes (5121 transcripts) lie within ±5 kb of identified CNVs, pointing to likely cis regulatory actions of CNVs on nearby gene neighbors. We have created a Public Session accessible on the UCSC Genome Browser to view CNVs from this study titled "danRer11 zebrafish CNV across strains" as a tool for the zebrafish community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Holden
- 1 Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Charles Wilson
- 1 Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Zachary Heineman
- 1 Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Kim H Brown
- 1 Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
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Li Z, Tyrpak DR, Lien CL, MacKay JA. Tunable assembly of protein-microdomains in living vertebrate embryos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2. [PMID: 31840042 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Subcellular events such as trafficking and signaling are regulated by self-assembled protein complexes inside the cell. The ability to rapidly and reversibly manipulate these protein complexes would likely enhance studies of their mechanisms and their roles in biological function and disease manifestation.[1, 2] This manuscript reports that thermally-responsive elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) linked to fluorescent proteins can regulate the self-assembly and disassembly of protein microdomains within the individual cells of zebrafish embryos. By exploring a library of fluorescent ELP proteins, this reports demonstrates that ELPs can co-assemble different fluorescent proteins inside of embryos. By tuning ELP length and sequence, fluorescent protein microdomains can be assembled at different temperatures, in varying sizes, or for desired periods of time. For the first time in a multicellular living embryo, these studies demonstrate that temperature-mediated ELP assembly can reversibly manipulate assembly of subcellular protein complexes, which may have applications in the study and manipulation of in vivo biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - David R Tyrpak
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ching-Ling Lien
- The Saban Research Institute,Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - J Andrew MacKay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Luukinen H, Hammarén MM, Vanha-Aho LM, Parikka M. Modeling Tuberculosis in Mycobacterium marinum Infected Adult Zebrafish. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30346391 DOI: 10.3791/58299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is currently the deadliest human pathogen causing 1.7 million deaths and 10.4 million infections every year. Exposure to this bacterium causes a wide disease spectrum in humans ranging from a sterilized infection to an actively progressing deadly disease. The most common form is the latent tuberculosis, which is asymptomatic, but has the potential to reactivate into a fulminant disease. Adult zebrafish and its natural pathogen Mycobacterium marinum have recently proven to be an applicable model to study the wide disease spectrum of tuberculosis. Importantly, spontaneous latency and reactivation as well as adaptive immune responses in the context of mycobacterial infection can be studied in this model. In this article, we describe methods for the experimental infection of adult zebrafish, the collection of internal organs for the extraction of nucleic acids for the measurement of mycobacterial loads and host immune responses by quantitative PCR. The in-house-developed, M. marinum-specific qPCR assay is more sensitive than the traditional plating methods as it also detects DNA from non-dividing, dormant or recently dead mycobacteria. As both DNA and RNA are extracted from the same individual, it is possible to study the relationships between the diseased state, and the host and pathogen gene-expression. The adult zebrafish model for tuberculosis thus presents itself as a highly applicable, non-mammalian in vivo system to study host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Luukinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere;
| | | | | | - Mataleena Parikka
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Tampere University Hospital
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42
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Bhattacharya M, Ghosh S, Malick RC, Patra BC, Das BK. Therapeutic applications of zebrafish (Danio rerio) miRNAs linked with human diseases: A prospective review. Gene 2018; 679:202-211. [PMID: 30201335 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the class of small, non-coding RNAs that are produced from precursor transcripts by subsequent processing steps mediated by members of the RNaseIII family, Dicer and Drosha protein within cell. The importance of zebrafish miRNAs in regulation of normal cellular development and support to various kinds of metabolism process. Although the zebrafish model provides a fundamental platform for the study of developmental biology but recent work with zebrafish model has expanded its appliance to a broad range of experimental studies relevant to different kind of human diseases. Presently, the zebrafish model is used for the study of cardiovascular disease, schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder in eyes, psoriasis, spinal cord injury, cancer and diabetes that showing in some selected miRNAs are regulate these diseases in molecular levels. Here, a superior drive performed to depict the fundamental utilization of the zebrafish miRNAs that targeted to several clinical diseases connected to human. This review aims to provide a summary of understanding of the cellular mechanism which is responsible for selected diseases and suggests some therapeutic application for inhibition of miRNA functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojit Bhattacharya
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumendu Ghosh
- Centre For Aquaculture Research, Extension & Livelihood, Department of Aquaculture Management & Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Malick
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Bidhan Chandra Patra
- Centre For Aquaculture Research, Extension & Livelihood, Department of Aquaculture Management & Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India.
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43
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Gistelinck C, Kwon RY, Malfait F, Symoens S, Harris MP, Henke K, Hawkins MB, Fisher S, Sips P, Guillemyn B, Bek JW, Vermassen P, De Saffel H, Witten PE, Weis M, De Paepe A, Eyre DR, Willaert A, Coucke PJ. Zebrafish type I collagen mutants faithfully recapitulate human type I collagenopathies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8037-E8046. [PMID: 30082390 PMCID: PMC6112716 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The type I collagenopathies are a group of heterogeneous connective tissue disorders, that are caused by mutations in the genes encoding type I collagen and include specific forms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). These disorders present with a broad disease spectrum and large clinical variability of which the underlying genetic basis is still poorly understood. In this study, we systematically analyzed skeletal phenotypes in a large set of zebrafish, with diverse mutations in the genes encoding type I collagen, representing different genetic forms of human OI, and a zebrafish model resembling human EDS, which harbors a number of soft connective tissues defects, typical of EDS. Furthermore, we provide insight into how zebrafish and human type I collagen are compositionally and functionally related, which is relevant in the interpretation of human type I collagen-related disease models. Our studies reveal a high degree of intergenotype variability in phenotypic expressivity that closely correlates with associated OI severity. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential for select mutations to give rise to phenotypic variability, mirroring the clinical variability associated with human disease pathology. Therefore, our work suggests the future potential for zebrafish to aid in identifying unknown genetic modifiers and mechanisms underlying the phenotypic variability in OI and related disorders. This will improve diagnostic strategies and enable the discovery of new targetable pathways for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gistelinck
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Ronald Y Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Symoens
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthew P Harris
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Orthopaedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Katrin Henke
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Orthopaedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michael B Hawkins
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Orthopaedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Shannon Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Patrick Sips
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brecht Guillemyn
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Willem Bek
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra Vermassen
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanna De Saffel
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Eckhard Witten
- Biology Department, Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Anne De Paepe
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - David R Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Andy Willaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Paul J Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Kamm K, Osigus HJ, Stadler PF, DeSalle R, Schierwater B. Trichoplax genomes reveal profound admixture and suggest stable wild populations without bisexual reproduction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11168. [PMID: 30042472 PMCID: PMC6057997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylum Placozoa officially consists of only a single described species, Trichoplax adhaerens, although several lineages can be separated by molecular markers, geographical distributions and environmental demands. The placozoan 16S haplotype H2 (Trichoplax sp. H2) is the most robust and cosmopolitan lineage of placozoans found to date. In this study, its genome was found to be distinct but highly related to the Trichoplax adhaerens reference genome, for remarkably unique reasons. The pattern of variation and allele distribution between the two lineages suggests that both originate from a single interbreeding event in the wild, dating back at least several decades ago, and both seem not to have engaged in sexual reproduction since. We conclude that populations of certain placozoan haplotypes remain stable for long periods without bisexual reproduction. Furthermore, allelic variation within and between the two Trichoplax lineages indicates that successful bisexual reproduction between related placozoan lineages might serve to either counter accumulated negative somatic mutations or to cope with changing environmental conditions. On the other hand, enrichment of neutral or beneficial somatic mutations by vegetative reproduction, combined with rare sexual reproduction, could instantaneously boost genetic variation, generating novel ecotypes and eventually species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kamm
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, ITZ Ecology and Evolution, Bünteweg 17d, D-30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Hans-Jürgen Osigus
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, ITZ Ecology and Evolution, Bünteweg 17d, D-30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter F Stadler
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rob DeSalle
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics and Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bernd Schierwater
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, ITZ Ecology and Evolution, Bünteweg 17d, D-30559, Hannover, Germany. .,Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics and Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA. .,Yale University, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Mahabir S, Chatterjee D, Gerlai R. Short exposure to low concentrations of alcohol during embryonic development has only subtle and strain- dependent effect on the levels of five amino acid neurotransmitters in zebrafish. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 68:91-96. [PMID: 29886245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish has been successfully employed to model and study the effects of embryonic alcohol exposure. Short exposure to low alcohol concentrations during embryonic development has been shown to significantly disrupt social behavior as well as the dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems in zebrafish. However, analysis of potential effects of embryonic alcohol exposure on other amino acid neurotransmitter systems has not been performed. Here we analyzed neurochemicals obtained from adult AB and TU strain zebrafish that were immersed in 0.00% (control), 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% or 1.00% alcohol solution (vol/vol%) at 24 h post-fertilization for 2 h. From whole brain extracts, we quantified glutamate, aspartate, glycine, taurine and GABA levels using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We found embryonic alcohol exposure not to have any significant effect on the levels of glutamate, aspartate, glycine and GABA in both AB and TU zebrafish. AB zebrafish showed a significant elevation of taurine levels, but only in the highest alcohol dose group compared to control. These results, albeit mainly negative, together with prior findings suggest that behavioral abnormalities resulting from embryonic alcohol exposure described before for AB zebrafish may primarily be due to altered dopaminergic and serotoninergic mechanisms. Furthermore, a Principal Component Analysis conducted with all neurochemicals tested in this and in our prior study, found a strain-dependent correlation structure response to embryonic alcohol treatment, confirming that embryonic alcohol effects may be genotype dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Mahabir
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Canada.
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Meyers
- Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University; Hamilton New York
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Perry EB, Makohon-Moore A, Zheng C, Kaufman CK, Cai J, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, White RM. Tumor diversity and evolution revealed through RADseq. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41792-41805. [PMID: 28611298 PMCID: PMC5522028 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an evolutionary disease, and there is increasing interest in applying tools from evolutionary biology to understand cancer progression. Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) was developed for the field of evolutionary genetics to study adaptation and identify evolutionary relationships among populations. Here we apply RADseq to study tumor evolution, which allows for unbiased sampling of any desired frequency of the genome, overcoming the selection bias and cost limitations inherent to exome or whole-genome sequencing. We apply RADseq to both human pancreatic cancer and zebrafish melanoma samples. Using either a low-frequency (SbfI, 0.4% of the genome) or high-frequency (NsiI, 6-9% of the genome) cutter, we successfully identify single nucleotide substitutions and copy number alterations in tumors, which can be augmented by performing RADseq on sublineages within the tumor. We are able to infer phylogenetic relationships between primary tumors and metastases. These same methods can be used to identify somatic mosaicism in seemingly normal, non-cancerous tissues. Evolutionary studies of cancer that focus on rates of tumor evolution and evolutionary relationships among tumor lineages will benefit from the flexibility and efficiency of restriction-site associated DNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Perry
- Cancer Biology & Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alvin Makohon-Moore
- The David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Christine A Iacobuzio-Donahue
- The David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard M White
- Cancer Biology & Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Baseline mRNA expression differs widely between common laboratory strains of zebrafish. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4780. [PMID: 29555936 PMCID: PMC5859126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Common strains of wildtype zebrafish (Danio rerio) have unique genomic features including SNPs and CNV, but strain information often goes unreported in the literature. As a result, the confounding effects of interstrain variation makes repetition of studies in zebrafish challenging. Here we analyze hepatic mRNA expression patterns between three common zebrafish strains (AB, Tuebingen (TU), and WIK) using Agilent 4 × 44 K gene expression microarrays to establish baseline mRNA expression across strains and between sexes. We observed wide variation in sex-specific gene expression within AB and WIK strains (141 genes in AB and 67 genes in WIK), but no significant variation between sexes within TU. After partitioning the dataset into male and female subsets, we detected 421 unique mRNA transcripts with statistically significant differential expression; 269 mRNA transcripts varied between males, 212 mRNA transcripts varied between females, and 59 mRNA transcripts varied across the three strains, regardless of sex. It is not surprising that mRNA expression profiles differ between sexes and strains, but it is imperative to characterize the differences. These results highlight the complexity of variation within zebrafish and underscore the value of this model system as a valid representation of normal variation present in other species, including humans.
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Henke K, Bowen ME, Harris MP. Identification of Mutations in Zebrafish Using Next‐Generation Sequencing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 104:7.13.1-7.13.33. [DOI: 10.1002/0471142727.mb0713s104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Henke
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Margot E. Bowen
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Matthew P. Harris
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts
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Cuco AP, Santos JI, Abrantes N, Gonçalves F, Wolinska J, Castro BB. Concentration and timing of application reveal strong fungistatic effect of tebuconazole in a Daphnia-microparasitic yeast model. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 191:141-163. [PMID: 29096087 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of pollutant effects on host-parasite relationships and disease spread, the main goal of this study was to assess the influence of different exposure scenarios for the fungicide tebuconazole (concentration×timing of application) on a Daphnia-microparasitic yeast experimental system. Previous results had demonstrated that tebuconazole is able to suppress Metschnikowia bicuspidata infection at ecologically-relevant concentrations; here, we aimed to obtain an understanding of the mechanism underlying the anti-parasitic (fungicidal or fungistatic) action of tebuconazole. We exposed the Daphnia-yeast system to four nominal tebuconazole concentrations at four timings of application (according to the predicted stage of parasite development), replicated on two Daphnia genotypes, in a fully crossed experiment. An "all-or-nothing" effect was observed, with tebuconazole completely suppressing infection from 13.5μgl-1 upwards, independent of the timing of tebuconazole application. A follow-up experiment confirmed that the suppression of infection occurred within a narrow range of tebuconazole concentrations (3.65-13.5μgl-1), although a later application of the fungicide had to be compensated for by a slight increase in concentration to elicit the same anti-parasitic effect. The mechanism behind this anti-parasitic effect seems to be the inhibition of M. bicuspidata sporulation, since tebuconazole was effective in preventing ascospore production even when applied at a later time. However, this fungicide also seemed to affect the vegetative growth of the yeast, as demonstrated by the enhanced negative effect of the parasite (increasing mortality in one of the host genotypes) at a later time of application of tebuconazole, when no signs of infection were observed. Fungicide contamination can thus affect the severity and spread of disease in natural populations, as well as the inherent co-evolutionary dynamics in host-parasite systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Cuco
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Joana I Santos
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Justyna Wolinska
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bruno B Castro
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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