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Sapara VJ, Shankhapal AR, Reddy PS. Genome-wide screening and characterization of phospholipase A (PLA)-like genes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). PLANTA 2024; 260:35. [PMID: 38922509 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The characterisation of PLA genes in the sorghum genome using in-silico methods revealed their essential roles in cellular processes, providing a foundation for further detailed studies. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is the fifth most cultivated crop worldwide, and it is used in many ways, but it has always gained less popularity due to the yield, pest, and environmental constraints. Improving genetic background and developing better varieties is crucial for better sorghum production in semi-arid tropical regions. This study focuses on the phospholipase A (PLA) family within sorghum, comprehensively characterising PLA genes and their expression across different tissues. The investigation identified 32 PLA genes in the sorghum genome, offering insights into their chromosomal localization, molecular weight, isoelectric point, and subcellular distribution through bioinformatics tools. PLA-like family genes are classified into three groups, namely patatin-related phospholipase A (pPLA), phospholipase A1 (PLA1), and phospholipase A2 (PLA2). In-silico chromosome localization studies revealed that these genes are unevenly distributed in the sorghum genome. Cis-motif analysis revealed the presence of several developmental, tissue and hormone-specific elements in the promoter regions of the PLA genes. Expression studies in different tissues such as leaf, root, seedling, mature seed, immature seed, anther, and pollen showed differential expression patterns. Taken together, genome-wide analysis studies of PLA genes provide a better understanding and critical role of this gene family considering the metabolic processes involved in plant growth, defence and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi J Sapara
- Cell Molecular Biology and Trait Engineering, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Aishwarya R Shankhapal
- Cell Molecular Biology and Trait Engineering, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Plant Sciences for the Bio-Economy, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy
- Cell Molecular Biology and Trait Engineering, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India.
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Moin M, Bommineni PR, Tyagi W. Exploration of the pearl millet phospholipase gene family to identify potential candidates for grain quality traits. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:581. [PMID: 38858648 PMCID: PMC11165789 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phospholipases constitute a diverse category of enzymes responsible for the breakdown of phospholipids. Their involvement in signal transduction with a pivotal role in plant development and stress responses is well documented. RESULTS In the present investigation, a thorough genome-wide analysis revealed that the pearl millet genome contains at least 44 phospholipase genes distributed across its 7 chromosomes, with chromosome one harbouring the highest number of these genes. The synteny analysis suggested a close genetic relationship of pearl millet phospholipases with that of foxtail millet and sorghum. All identified genes were examined to unravel their gene structures, protein attributes, cis-regulatory elements, and expression patterns in two pearl millet genotypes contrasting for rancidity. All the phospholipases have a high alpha-helix content and distorted regions within the predicted secondary structures. Moreover, many of these enzymes possess binding sites for both metal and non-metal ligands. Additionally, the putative promoter regions associated with these genes exhibit multiple copies of cis-elements specifically responsive to biotic and abiotic stress factors and signaling molecules. The transcriptional profiling of 44 phospholipase genes in two genotypes contrasting for rancidity across six key tissues during pearl millet growth revealed a predominant expression in grains, followed by seed coat and endosperm. Specifically, the genes PgPLD-alpha1-1, PgPLD-alpha1-5, PgPLD-delta1-7a, PgPLA1-II-1a, and PgPLD-delta1-2a exhibited notable expression in grains of both the genotypes while showing negligible expression in the other five tissues. The sequence alignment of putative promoters revealed several variations including SNPs and InDels. These variations resulted in modifications to the corresponding cis-acting elements, forming distinct transcription factor binding sites suggesting the transcriptional-level regulation for these five genes in pearl millet. CONCLUSIONS The current study utilized a genome-wide computational analysis to characterize the phospholipase gene family in pearl millet. A comprehensive expression profile of 44 phospholipases led to the identification of five grain-specific candidates. This underscores a potential role for at least these five genes in grain quality traits including the regulation of rancidity in pearl millet. Therefore, this study marks the first exploration highlighting the possible impact of phospholipases towards enhancing agronomic traits in pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazahar Moin
- Cell and Molecular Biology and Trait Engineering, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Patancheru, Telangana, 502324, India
| | - Pradeep Reddy Bommineni
- Cell and Molecular Biology and Trait Engineering, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Patancheru, Telangana, 502324, India
| | - Wricha Tyagi
- Cell and Molecular Biology and Trait Engineering, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Patancheru, Telangana, 502324, India.
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Saddhe AA, Potocký M. Comparative phylogenomic and structural analysis of canonical secretory PLA2 and novel PLA2-like family in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1118670. [PMID: 36909415 PMCID: PMC9995887 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1118670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) is a family of lipolytic enzymes involved in the sn-2 hydrolysis of phospholipid carboxyester bonds, characterized by the presence of a conserved PA2c domain. PLA2 produces free fatty acids and lysophospholipids, which regulate several physiological functions, including lipid metabolism, plant growth and development, signal transduction, and response to various environmental stresses. In the present work, we have performed a comparative analysis of PA2c domain-containing genes across plants, focusing on gene distribution, phylogenetic analysis, tissue-specific expression, and homology modeling. Our data revealed the widespread occurrence of multiple sPLA2 in most land plants and documented single sPLA2 in multiple algal groups, indicating an ancestral origin of sPLA2. We described a novel PA2c-containing gene family present in all plant lineages and lacking secretory peptide, which we termed PLA2-like. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two independent clades in canonical sPLA2 genes referred to as α and β clades, whereas PLA2-like genes clustered independently as a third clade. Further, we have explored clade-specific gene expressions showing that while all three clades were expressed in vegetative and reproductive tissues, only sPLA2-β and PLA2-like members were expressed in the pollen and pollen tube. To get insight into the conservation of the gene regulatory network of sPLA2 and PLA2-like genes, we have analyzed the occurrence of various cis-acting promoter elements across the plant kingdom. The comparative 3D structure analysis revealed conserved and unique features within the PA2c domain for the three clades. Overall, this study will help to understand the evolutionary significance of the PA2c family and lay the foundation for future sPLA2 and PLA2-like characterization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Ashok Saddhe
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Potocký
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xu N, Rui C, Fan Y, Wang J, Han M, Wang Q, Sun L, Chen X, Lu X, Wang D, Chen C, Ye W. Genome-wide expression analysis of phospholipase A1 (PLA1) gene family suggests phospholipase A1-32 gene responding to abiotic stresses in cotton. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1058-1074. [PMID: 34656543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is the most important crop for the production of natural fibres used in the textile industry. High salinity, drought, cold and high temperature represent serious abiotic stresses, which seriously threaten cotton production. Phospholipase AS has an irreplaceable role in lipid signal transmission, growth and development and stress events. Phospholipase A can be divided into three families: PLA1, PLA2 and pPLA. Among them, the PLA1 family is rarely studied in plants. In order to study the potential functions of the PLA1 family in cotton, the bioinformatics analysis of the PLA1 family was correlated with cotton adversity, and tissue-specific analysis was performed. Explore the structure-function relationship of PLA1 members. It is found that the expression of GbPLA1-32 gene is affected by a variety of environmental stimuli, indicating that it plays a very important role in stress and hormone response, and closely associates the cotton adversity with this family. Through further functional verification, we found that virus-induced GbPLA1-32 gene silencing (VIGS) caused Gossypium barbadense to be sensitive to salt stress. This research provides an important basis for further research on the molecular mechanism of cotton resistance to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, 830052 Urumqi, China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Cun Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Yapeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Mingge Han
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, 830052 Urumqi, China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, 830052 Urumqi, China
| | - Liangqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Xuke Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Delong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Wuwei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, 830052 Urumqi, China.
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Dervisi I, Valassakis C, Agalou A, Papandreou N, Podia V, Haralampidis K, Iconomidou VA, Kouvelis VN, Spaink HP, Roussis A. Investigation of the interaction of DAD1-LIKE LIPASE 3 (DALL3) with Selenium Binding Protein 1 (SBP1) in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110357. [PMID: 31928671 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase PLA1-Iγ2 or otherwise DAD1-LIKE LIPASE 3 (DALL3) is a member of class I phospholipases and has a role in JA biosynthesis. AtDALL3 was previously identified in a yeast two-hybrid screening as an interacting protein of the Arabidopsis Selenium Binding Protein 1 (SBP1). In this work, we have studied AtDALL3 as an interacting partner of the Arabidopsis Selenium Binding Protein 1 (SBP1). Phylogenetic analysis showed that DALL3 appears in the PLA1-Igamma1, 2 group, paired with PLA1-Igammma1. The highest level of expression of AtDALL3 was observed in 10-day-old roots and in flowers, while constitutive levels were maintained in seedlings, cotyledons, shoots and leaves. In response to abiotic stress, DALL3 was shown to participate in the network of genes regulated by cadmium, selenite and selenate compounds. DALL3 promoter driven GUS assays revealed that the expression patterns defined were overlapping with the patterns reported for AtSBP1 gene, indicating that DALL3 and SBP1 transcripts co-localize. Furthermore, quantitative GUS assays showed that these compounds elicited changes in activity in specific cells files, indicating the differential response of DALL3 promoter. GFP::DALL3 studies by confocal microscopy demonstrated the localization of DALL3 in the plastids of the root apex, the plastids of the central root and the apex of emerging lateral root primordia. Additionally, we confirmed by yeast two hybrid assays the physical interaction of DALL3 with SBP1 and defined a minimal SBP1 fragment that DALL3 binds to. Finally, by employing bimolecular fluorescent complementation we demonstrated the in planta interaction of the two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dervisi
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Valassakis
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Adamantia Agalou
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Papandreou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Varvara Podia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Kosmas Haralampidis
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki A Iconomidou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassili N Kouvelis
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Roussis
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece.
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Capote T, Barbosa P, Usié A, Ramos AM, Inácio V, Ordás R, Gonçalves S, Morais-Cecílio L. ChIP-Seq reveals that QsMYB1 directly targets genes involved in lignin and suberin biosynthesis pathways in cork oak (Quercus suber). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:198. [PMID: 30223777 PMCID: PMC6142680 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene activity is largely controlled by transcriptional regulation through the action of transcription factors and other regulators. QsMYB1 is a member of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor family related to secondary growth, and in particular, with the cork development process. In order to identify the putative gene targets of QsMYB1 across the cork oak genome we developed a ChIP-Seq strategy. RESULTS Results provide direct evidence that QsMY1B targets genes encoding for enzymes involved in the lignin and suberin pathways as well as gene encoding for ABCG transporters and LTPs implicated in the transport of monomeric suberin units across the cellular membrane. These results highlight the role of QsMYB1 as a regulator of lignin and suberin biosynthesis, transport and assembly. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this work constitutes the first ChIP-Seq experiment performed in cork oak, a non-model plant species with a long-life cycle, and these results will contribute to deepen the knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of cork formation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Capote
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL) / Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF) Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Barbosa
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL) / Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana Usié
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL) / Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - António Marcos Ramos
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL) / Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Vera Inácio
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF) Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ordás
- Departamento BOS, Escuela Politécnica de Mieres, Oviedo University, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sónia Gonçalves
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL) / Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
- Present Address: Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB101SA UK
| | - Leonor Morais-Cecílio
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF) Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
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Vandenbussche F, Yu N, Li W, Vanhaelewyn L, Hamshou M, Van Der Straeten D, Smagghe G. An ultraviolet B condition that affects growth and defense in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 268:54-63. [PMID: 29362084 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B light (UV-B, 280-315 nm) is the shortest wavelength of the solar spectrum reaching the surface of the Earth. It has profound effects on plants, ranging from growth regulation to severe metabolic changes. Low level UV-B mainly causes photomorphogenic effects while higher levels can induce stress, yet these effects tend to overlap. Here we identified a condition that allows growth reduction without obvious detrimental stress in wild type Arabidopsis rosette plants. This condition was used to study the effects of a daily UV-B dose on plant characteristics of UV-B adapted plants in detail. Exploration of the transcriptome of developing leaves indicated downregulation of genes involved in stomata formation by UV-B, while at the same time genes involved in photoprotective pigment biosynthesis were upregulated. These findings correspond with a decreased stomatal density and increased UV-B absorbing pigments. Gene ontology analysis revealed upregulation of defense related genes and meta-analysis showed substantial overlap of the UV-B regulated transcriptome with transcriptomes of salicylate and jasmonate treated as well as herbivore exposed plants. Feeding experiments showed that caterpillars of Spodoptera littoralis are directly affected by UV-B, while performance of the aphid Myzus persicae is diminished by a plant mediated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Vandenbussche
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, KL Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Na Yu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China; Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Weidong Li
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucas Vanhaelewyn
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, KL Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohamad Hamshou
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, KL Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Park KY, Kim EY, Seo YS, Kim WT. Constitutive expression of CaPLA1 conferred enhanced growth and grain yield in transgenic rice plants. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 90:517-32. [PMID: 26803502 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids are not only important components of cell membranes, but participate in diverse processes in higher plants. In this study, we generated Capsicum annuum phospholipiase A1 (CaPLA1) overexpressing transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter. The T4 CaPLA1-overexpressing rice plants (Ubi:CaPLA1) had a higher root:shoot mass ratio than the wild-type plants in the vegetative stage. Leaf epidermal cells from transgenic plants had more cells than wild-type plants. Genes that code for cyclin and lipid metabolic enzymes were up-regulated in the transgenic lines. When grown under typical paddy field conditions, the transgenic plants produced more tillers, longer panicles and more branches per panicle than the wild-type plants, all of which resulted in greater grain yield. Microarray analysis suggests that gene expressions that are related with cell proliferation, lipid metabolism, and redox state were widely altered in CaPLA1-overexpressing transgenic rice plants. Ubi:CaPLA1 plants had a reduced membrane peroxidation state, as determined by malondialdehyde and conjugated diene levels and higher peroxidase activity than wild-type rice plants. Furthermore, three isoprenoid synthetic genes encoding terpenoid synthase, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase were up-regulated in CaPLA1-overexpressing plants. We suggest that constitutive expression of CaPLA1 conferred increased grain yield with enhanced growth in transgenic rice plants by alteration of gene activities related with cell proliferation, lipid metabolism, membrane peroxidation state and isoprenoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Youl Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Eun Yu Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Young Sam Seo
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
- Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corp., Daejeon, 305-805, Korea
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea.
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Nilsson AK, Johansson ON, Fahlberg P, Kommuri M, Töpel M, Bodin LJ, Sikora P, Modarres M, Ekengren S, Nguyen CT, Farmer EE, Olsson O, Ellerström M, Andersson MX. Acylated monogalactosyl diacylglycerol: prevalence in the plant kingdom and identification of an enzyme catalyzing galactolipid head group acylation in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:1152-66. [PMID: 26566971 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The lipid phase of the thylakoid membrane is mainly composed of the galactolipids mono- and digalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG and DGDG, respectively). It has been known since the late 1960s that MGDG can be acylated with a third fatty acid to the galactose head group (acyl-MGDG) in plant leaf homogenates. In certain brassicaceous plants like Arabidopsis thaliana, the acyl-MGDG frequently incorporates oxidized fatty acids in the form of the jasmonic acid precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA). In the present study we further investigated the distribution of acylated and OPDA-containing galactolipids in the plant kingdom. While acyl-MGDG was found to be ubiquitous in green tissue of plants ranging from non-vascular plants to angiosperms, OPDA-containing galactolipids were only present in plants from a few genera. A candidate protein responsible for the acyl transfer was identified in Avena sativa (oat) leaf tissue using biochemical fractionation and proteomics. Knockout of the orthologous gene in A. thaliana resulted in an almost total elimination of the ability to form both non-oxidized and OPDA-containing acyl-MGDG. In addition, heterologous expression of the A. thaliana gene in E. coli demonstrated that the protein catalyzed acylation of MGDG. We thus demonstrate that a phylogenetically conserved enzyme is responsible for the accumulation of acyl-MGDG in A. thaliana. The activity of this enzyme in vivo is strongly enhanced by freezing damage and the hypersensitive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders K Nilsson
- Department of Biological- and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, Göteborg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Oskar N Johansson
- Department of Biological- and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, Göteborg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Per Fahlberg
- Department of Biological- and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, Göteborg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Murali Kommuri
- Department of Biological- and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, Göteborg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Mats Töpel
- Department of Biological- and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, Göteborg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Lovisa J Bodin
- Department of Biological- and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, Göteborg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Per Sikora
- Department of Biological- and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, Göteborg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Masoomeh Modarres
- Department of Biological- and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, Göteborg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Sophia Ekengren
- Department of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Chi T Nguyen
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edward E Farmer
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olof Olsson
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Mats Ellerström
- Department of Biological- and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, Göteborg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Mats X Andersson
- Department of Biological- and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, Göteborg, SE-405 30, Sweden
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10
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sPLA2 and PLA1: Secretory Phospholipase A2 and Phospholipase A1 in Plants. SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-42011-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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11
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Gil M, Bottini R, Berli F, Pontin M, Silva MF, Piccoli P. Volatile organic compounds characterized from grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec) berries increase at pre-harvest and in response to UV-B radiation. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 96:148-57. [PMID: 24075072 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B solar radiation (UV-B) is an environmental signal with biological effects in plant tissues. Recent investigations have assigned a protective role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in plant tissues submitted to biotic and abiotic stresses. This study investigated VOCs in berries at three developmental stages (veraison, pre-harvest and harvest) of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec exposed (or not) to UV-B both, in in vitro and field experiments. By Head Space-Solid Phase Micro Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-EIMS) analysis, 10 VOCs were identified at all developmental stages: four monoterpenes, three aldehydes, two alcohols and one ketone. Monoterpenes increased at pre-harvest and in response to UV-B in both, in vitro and field conditions. UV-B also augmented levels of some aldehydes, alcohols and ketones. These results along with others from the literature suggest that UV-B induce grape berries to produce VOCs (mainly monoterpenes) that protect the tissues from UV-B itself and other abiotic and biotic stresses, and could affect the wine flavor. Higher emission of monoterpenes was observed in the field experiments as compared in vitro, suggesting the UV-B/PAR ratio is not a signal in itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gil
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Almirante Brown 500, M5528AHB Chacras de Coria, Argentina
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12
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Legrand S, Marque G, Blassiau C, Bluteau A, Canoy AS, Fontaine V, Jaminon O, Bahrman N, Mautord J, Morin J, Petit A, Baranger A, Rivière N, Wilmer J, Delbreil B, Lejeune-Hénaut I. Combining gene expression and genetic analyses to identify candidate genes involved in cold responses in pea. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:1148-57. [PMID: 23632303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress affects plant growth and development. In order to better understand the responses to cold (chilling or freezing tolerance), we used two contrasted pea lines. Following a chilling period, the Champagne line becomes tolerant to frost whereas the Terese line remains sensitive. Four suppression subtractive hybridisation libraries were obtained using mRNAs isolated from pea genotypes Champagne and Terese. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) performed on 159 genes, 43 and 54 genes were identified as differentially expressed at the initial time point and during the time course study, respectively. Molecular markers were developed from the differentially expressed genes and were genotyped on a population of 164 RILs derived from a cross between Champagne and Terese. We identified 5 candidate genes colocalizing with 3 different frost damage quantitative trait loci (QTL) intervals and a protein quantity locus (PQL) rich region previously reported. This investigation revealed the role of constitutive differences between both genotypes in the cold responses, in particular with genes related to glycine degradation pathway that could confer to Champagne a better frost tolerance. We showed that freezing tolerance involves a decrease of expression of genes related to photosynthesis and the expression of a gene involved in the production of cysteine and methionine that could act as cryoprotectant molecules. Although it remains to be confirmed, this study could also reveal the involvement of the jasmonate pathway in the cold responses, since we observed that two genes related to this pathway were mapped in a frost damage QTL interval and in a PQL rich region interval, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Legrand
- Université Lille 1, UMR SADV 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 1, SN2, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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13
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Seo YS, Kim EY, Kim WT. The Arabidopsis sn-1-specific mitochondrial acylhydrolase AtDLAH is positively correlated with seed viability. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:5683-98. [PMID: 21856645 PMCID: PMC3223057 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-derived molecules produced by acylhydrolases play important roles in the regulation of diverse cellular functions in plants. In Arabidopsis, the DAD1-like phospholipase A1 family consists of 12 members, all of which possess a lipase 3 domain. In this study, the biochemical and cellular functions of AtDLAH, an Arabidopsis thaliana DAD1-like acylhydrolase, were examined. Bacterially expressed AtDLAH contained phospholipase A1 activity for catalysing the hydrolysis of phospholipids at the sn-1 position. However, AtDLAH displayed an even stronger preference for 1-lysophosphatidylcholine, 1-monodiacylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid, suggesting that AtDLAH is a sn-1-specific acylhydrolase. The AtDLAH gene was highly expressed in young seedlings, and its encoded protein was exclusively localized to the mitochondria. AtDLAH-overexpressing transgenic seeds (35S:AtDLAH) were markedly tolerant to accelerated-ageing treatment and thus had higher germination percentages than wild-type seeds. In contrast, the atdlah loss-of-function knockout mutant seeds were hypersusceptible to accelerated-ageing conditions. The 35S:AtDLAH seeds, as opposed to the atdlah seeds, exhibited a dark red staining pattern following tetrazolium treatment under both normal and accelerated-ageing conditions, suggesting that AtDLAH expression is positively correlated with seed viability. The enhanced viability of 35S:AtDLAH seeds was accompanied by more densely populated epidermal cells, lower levels of accumulated lipid hydroperoxides, and higher levels of polar lipids as compared with wild-type and atdlah mutant seeds. These results suggest that AtDLAH, a mitochondrial-localized sn-1-specific acylhydrolase, plays an important role in Arabidopsis seed viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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14
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Kim EY, Seo YS, Kim WT. AtDSEL, an Arabidopsis cytosolic DAD1-like acylhydrolase, is involved in negative regulation of storage oil mobilization during seedling establishment. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:1705-9. [PMID: 21477884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mobilization of seed storage reserves is essential for seed germination and seedling establishment. Here, we report that AtDSEL, an Arabidopsis thalianaDAD1-like Seedling Establishment-related Lipase, is involved in the mobilization of storage oils for early seedling establishment. AtDSEL is a cytosolic member of the DAD1-like acylhydrolase family encoded by At4g18550. Bacterially expressed AtDSEL preferentially hydrolyzed 1,3-diacylglycerol and 1-monoacylglycerol, suggesting that AtDSEL is an sn-1-specific lipase. AtDSEL-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants (35S:AtDSEL) were defective in post-germinative seedling growth in medium without an exogenous carbon source. This phenotype was rescued by the addition of sucrose to the growth medium. In contrast, loss-of-function mutant plants (atdsel-1 and atdsel-2) had a mildly fast-growing phenotype regardless of the presence of an exogenous carbon source. Electron microscopy revealed that 5-day-old 35S:AtDSEL cotyledons retained numerous peroxisomes and oil bodies, which were exhausted in wild-type and mutant cotyledons. The impaired seedling establishment of 35S:AtDSEL was not rescued by the addition of an exogenous fatty acid source, and 35S:AtDSEL seedling growth was insensitive to 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid, indicating that β-oxidation was blocked in AtDSEL-overexpressers. These results suggest that AtDSEL is involved in the negative regulation of seedling establishment by inhibiting the breakdown of storage oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yu Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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15
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UV-B-induced changes of volatile metabolites and phenolic compounds in blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Teutschbein J, Gross W, Nimtz M, Milkowski C, Hause B, Strack D. Identification and localization of a lipase-like acyltransferase in phenylpropanoid metabolism of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). J Biol Chem 2010; 285:38374-81. [PMID: 20880851 PMCID: PMC2992270 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.171637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have isolated an enzyme classified as chlorogenate: glucarate caffeoyltransferase (CGT) from seedlings of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) that catalyzes the formation of caffeoylglucarate and caffeoylgalactarate using chlorogenate (5-O-caffeoylquinate) as acyl donor. Peptide sequences obtained by trypsin digestion and spectrometric sequencing were used to isolate the SlCGT cDNA encoding a protein of 380 amino acids with a putative targeting signal of 24 amino acids indicating an entry of the SlCGT into the secretory pathway. Immunogold electron microscopy revealed the localization of the enzyme in the apoplastic space of tomato leaves. Southern blot analysis of genomic cDNA suggests that SlCGT is encoded by a single-copy gene. The SlCGT cDNA was functionally expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and proved to confer chlorogenate-dependent caffeoyltransferase activity in the presence of glucarate. Sequence comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence identified the protein unexpectedly as a GDSL lipase-like protein, representing a new member of the SGNH protein superfamily. Lipases of this family employ a catalytic triad of Ser-Asp-His with Ser as nucleophile of the GDSL motif. Site-directed mutagenesis of each residue of the assumed respective SlCGT catalytic triad, however, indicated that the catalytic triad of the GDSL lipase is not essential for SlCGT enzymatic activity. SlCGT is therefore the first example of a GDSL lipase-like protein that lost hydrolytic activity and has acquired a completely new function in plant metabolism, functioning in secondary metabolism as acyltransferase in synthesis of hydroxycinnamate esters by employing amino acid residues different from the lipase catalytic triad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Teutschbein
- From the Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D06120 Halle (Saale)
| | - Wiltrud Gross
- the Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, D50674 Köln, and
| | - Manfred Nimtz
- the Centre for Infection Research, D38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carsten Milkowski
- From the Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D06120 Halle (Saale)
| | - Bettina Hause
- From the Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D06120 Halle (Saale)
| | - Dieter Strack
- From the Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D06120 Halle (Saale)
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17
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Szalontai B, Jakab G. Differential expression of PRLIPs, a pathogenesis-related gene family encoding class 3 lipase-like proteins in Arabidopsis. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2010; 61 Suppl:156-71. [PMID: 21565774 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.61.2010.suppl.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In plants plenty of inducible defense-related proteins classified into 17 pathogenesis-related (PR) families have been described. Expression of homologous PR genes from the same family can be induced by the different defense hormones, like salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) or ethylene (ET), and are also regulated in a organ- or tissue-specific manner. A recently identified pathogenesis-related gene family, the PRLIP (pathogenesis-related lipase) has 9 members in Arabidopsis and their organization and expression pattern - as it is summarized in this study - is similar to the one of genes coding for other PR proteins. PRLIP3, PRLIP8 and PRLIP9 showed a relatively high expression in all tissues tested with a maximum in root (PRLIP3), stem (PRLIP8) or siliques (PRLIP9). The activity of PRLIP3 gene was further induced by SA and JA treatment. Other members (PRLIP1, PRLIP2, PRLIP4 and PRLIP6), however, were detected only in some of the tested organs. High levels of PRLIP1 mRNA occurred in all green tissues and in siliques, while in the latter PRLIP2 also displayed high expression. PRLIP6 and PRLIP4 exhibited root specific transcription while no mRNAs of PRLIP5 and PRLIP7 were detected in any plant tissues examined. In leaves SA treatment enhanced PRLIP1 and PRLIP2 expression, JA treatment induced PRLIP6 and ET treatment upregulated both PRLIP1 and PRLIP6. This organization and expression diversity of the PRLIP gene family is typical to plant PR genes suggesting the encoded proteins might serve essential functions in plant defense or priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Szalontai
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6 H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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18
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Seo YS, Kim EY, Kim JH, Kim WT. Enzymatic characterization of class I DAD1-like acylhydrolase members targeted to chloroplast in Arabidopsis. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:2301-7. [PMID: 19527719 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, there are at least seven class I acylhydrolase members, which have a putative N-terminal chloroplast-targeting signal. Here, we show that all seven class I proteins are localized to the chloroplasts and hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine at the sn-1 position. However, based on their activities toward various lipids, Arabidopsis class I enzymes could be further divided into three sub-groups by substrate specificity, one with phospholipase-specific activity, another with phospholipase and galactolipase activities, and the other with broad lipolytic activity toward phosphatidylcholine, galactolipids, and triacylglycerol. These results suggest that the three sub-groups of class I acylhydrolases have specific roles in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sam Seo
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Matos AR, Pham-Thi AT. Lipid deacylating enzymes in plants: old activities, new genes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2009; 47:491-503. [PMID: 19324564 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Because lipids are major components of cellular membranes, their degradation under stress conditions compromises compartmentalization. However, in addition to having structural roles, membrane lipids are also implicated in signalling processes involving the activity of lipolytic enzymes. Phospholipases D and C, acting on the polar heads of phospholipids, have been relatively well characterized in plants. In contrast, knowledge of lipid deacylating enzymes remains limited. Lipid acyl hydrolases (LAH) are able to hydrolyse both fatty acid moieties of polar lipids. They differ from phospholipases A(1) or A(2) (PLA) acting on sn-1 or sn-2 positions of phospholipids, respectively, as well as from lipases which de-esterify triacylglycerols. The free polyunsaturated fatty acids generated by deacylating enzymes can be used in the biosynthesis of oxylipins and the lysophospholipids, provided by PLAs, are also bioactive molecules. In the four decades that have passed since the first description of LAH activities in plants some enzymes have been purified. In recent years, the widespread use of molecular approaches together with the attention paid to lipid signalling has contributed to a renewed interest in LAH and has led to the identification of different gene families and the characterization of new enzymes. Additionally, several proteins with putative lipase/esterase signatures have been identified. In the present paper we review currently available data on LAHs, PLAs, triacylglycerol lipases and other putative deacylating enzymes. The roles of lipid deacylating enzymes in plant growth, development and stress responses are discussed in the context of their involvement in membrane deterioration, lipid turnover and cellular signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Matos
- Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal.
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20
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Xu X, Zhou Y, Wei S, Ren D, Yang M, Bu H, Kang M, Wang J, Feng J. Molecular cloning and expression of a Cu/Zn-Containing superoxide dismutase from Thellungiella halophila. Mol Cells 2009; 27:423-8. [PMID: 19390823 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-009-0060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) constitute the first line of cellular defense against oxidative stress in plants. SODs generally occur in three different forms with Cu/Zn, Fe, or Mn as prosthetic metals. We cloned the full-length cDNA of the Thellungiella halophila Cu/Zn-SOD gene ThCSD using degenerate RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Sequence analysis indicated that the ThCSD gene (GenBank accession number EF405867) had an open reading frame of 456 bp. The deduced 152-amino acid polypeptide had a predicted molecular weight of 15.1 kDa, an estimated pI of 5.4, and a putative Cu/Zn-binding site. Recombinant ThCSD protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and assayed for SOD enzymatic activity in a native polyacrylamide gel. The SOD activity of ThCSD was inactivated by potassium cyanide and hydrogen peroxide but not by sodium azide, confirming that ThCSD is a Cu/Zn-SOD. Northern blotting demonstrated that ThCSD is expressed in roots, stems, and leaves. ThCSD mRNA levels increased by about 30-fold when plants were treated with sodium chloride (NaCl), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-acetic acid (IAA) and by about 50-fold when treated with UVB light. These results indicate that ThCSD is involved in physiological pathways activated by a variety of environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central University for Nationalities, Beijing, China.
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21
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Kant P, Gordon M, Kant S, Zolla G, Davydov O, Heimer YM, Chalifa-Caspi V, Shaked R, Barak S. Functional-genomics-based identification of genes that regulate Arabidopsis responses to multiple abiotic stresses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2008; 31:697-714. [PMID: 18182014 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01779.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are a primary cause of crop loss worldwide. The convergence of stress signalling pathways to a common set of transcription factors suggests the existence of upstream regulatory genes that control plant responses to multiple abiotic stresses. To identify such genes, data from published Arabidopsis thaliana abiotic stress microarray analyses were combined with our presented global analysis of early heat stress-responsive gene expression, in a relational database. A set of Multiple Stress (MST) genes was identified by scoring each gene for the number of abiotic stresses affecting expression of that gene. ErmineJ over-representation analysis of the MST gene set identified significantly enriched gene ontology biological processes for multiple abiotic stresses and regulatory genes, particularly transcription factors. A subset of MST genes including only regulatory genes that were designated 'Multiple Stress Regulatory' (MSTR) genes, was identified. To validate this strategy for identifying MSTR genes, mutants of the highest-scoring MSTR gene encoding the circadian clock protein CCA1, were tested for altered sensitivity to stress. A double mutant of CCA1 and its structural and functional homolog, LATE ELONGLATED HYPOCOTYL, exhibited greater sensitivity to salt, osmotic and heat stress than wild-type plants. This work provides a reference data set for further study of MSTR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Kant
- Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel
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22
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Seo YS, Kim EY, Mang HG, Kim WT. Heterologous expression, and biochemical and cellular characterization of CaPLA1 encoding a hot pepper phospholipase A1 homolog. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 53:895-908. [PMID: 18036200 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid signaling has been recently implicated in diverse cellular processes in higher plants. We identified a cDNA encoding the phospholipase A1 homolog (CaPLA1) from 5-day-old early roots of hot pepper. The deduced amino acid sequence showed that the lipase-specific catalytic triad is well conserved in CaPLA1. In vitro lipase assays and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that CaPLA1 possesses PLA1 activity, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids at the sn-1 position. CaPLA1 was selectively expressed in young roots, at days 4-5 after germination, and rapidly declined thereafter, suggesting that the expression of CaPLA1 is subject to control by a development-specific mechanism in roots. Because transgenic work was extremely difficult in hot peppers, in this study we overexpressed CaPLA1 in Arabidopsis so as to provide cellular information on the function of this gene. CaPLA1 overexpressors had significantly longer roots, leaves and petioles, and grew more rapidly than the wild-type plants, leading to an early bolting phenotype with prolonged inflorescence. Microscopic analysis showed that the vegetative tissues of 35S:CaPLA1 plants contained an increased number of small-sized cells, which resulted in highly populated cell layers. In addition, mRNAs for cell cycle-controlled proteins and fatty acid catabolizing enzymes were coordinately upregulated in CaPLA1-overexpressing plants. These results suggest that CaPLA1 is functionally relevant in heterologous Arabidopsis cells, and hence might participate in a subset of positive control mechanisms of cell and tissue growth in transgenic lines. We discuss possible biochemical and cellular functions of CaPLA1 in relation to the phospholipid signaling pathway in hot pepper and transgenic Arabidopsis plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sam Seo
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Cooperation and Functional Diversification of Two Closely Related Galactolipase Genes for Jasmonate Biosynthesis. Dev Cell 2008; 14:183-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hong JK, Choi HW, Hwang IS, Kim DS, Kim NH, Choi DS, Kim YJ, Hwang BK. Function of a novel GDSL-type pepper lipase gene, CaGLIP1, in disease susceptibility and abiotic stress tolerance. PLANTA 2008; 227:539-58. [PMID: 17929052 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-007-0637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
GDSL-type lipase is a hydrolytic enzyme whose amino acid sequence contains a pentapeptide motif (Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly) with active serine (Ser). Pepper GDSL-type lipase (CaGLIP1) gene was isolated and functionally characterized from pepper leaf tissues infected by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv). The CaGLIP1 protein was located in the vascular tissues of Arabidopsis root. The CaGLIP1 gene was preferentially expressed in pepper leaves during the compatible interaction with Xcv. Treatment with salicylic acid, ethylene and methyl jasmonate induced CaGLIP1 gene expression in pepper leaves. Sodium nitroprusside, methyl viologen, high salt, mannitol-mediated dehydration and wounding also induced early and transient CaGLIP1 expression in pepper leaf tissues. Virus-induced gene silencing of CaGLIP1 in pepper conferred enhanced resistance to Xcv, accompanied by the suppressed expression of basic PR1 (CaBPR1) and defensin (CaDEF1) genes. The CaGLIP1 lipase produced in Escherichia coli hydrolyzed the substrates of short and long chain nitrophenyl esters. The CaGLIP1-overexpressing Arabidopsis exhibited enhanced hydrolytic activity toward short and long chain nitrophenyl ester, as well as enhanced susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and the biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora parasitica. SA-induced expression of AtPR1 and AtGST1, also was delayed in CaGLIP1-overexpressing plants by SA application. During seed germination and plant growth, the CaGLIP1 transgenic plants showed drought tolerance and differential expression of drought- and abscisic acid (ABA)-inducible genes AtRD29A, AtADH and AtRab18. ABA treatment differentially regulated seed germination and gene expression in wild-type and CaGLIP1 transgenic Arabidopsis. Overexpression of CaGLIP1 also regulated glucose- and oxidative stress signaling. Together, these results indicate that CaGLIP1 modulates disease susceptibility and abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeum Kyu Hong
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
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Upchurch RG. Fatty acid unsaturation, mobilization, and regulation in the response of plants to stress. Biotechnol Lett 2008; 30:967-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-008-9639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Padham AK, Hopkins MT, Wang TW, McNamara LM, Lo M, Richardson LGL, Smith MD, Taylor CA, Thompson JE. Characterization of a plastid triacylglycerol lipase from Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 143:1372-84. [PMID: 17259290 PMCID: PMC1820909 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.090811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Full-length cDNA corresponding to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) gene At2g31690, which has been annotated in GenBank as a putative triacylglycerol (TAG) lipase, was obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using RNA from senescing rosette leaves of Arabidopsis as a template. The cognate protein was found to contain the lipase active site sequence, and corresponding recombinant protein proved capable of deesterifying TAG. In vitro chloroplast import assays indicated that the lipase is targeted to chloroplasts. This was confirmed by confocal microscopy of rosette leaf tissue treated with fluorescein isocyanate-labeled, lipase-specific antibody, which revealed that lipase protein colocalizes with plastoglobular neutral lipids. Western-blot analysis indicated that the lipase is expressed in roots, inflorescence stems, flowers, siliques, and leaves and that it is strongly up-regulated in senescing rosette leaf tissue. Transgenic plants with suppressed lipase protein levels were obtained by expressing At2g31690 cDNA in antisense orientation under the regulation of a constitutive promoter. Transgenic plants bolted and flowered at the same time as wild-type plants, but were severely stunted and exhibited delayed rosette senescence. Moreover, the stunted growth phenotype correlated with irregular chloroplast morphology. The chloroplasts of transgenic plants were structurally deformed, had reduced abundance of thylakoids that were abnormally stacked, and contained more plastoglobular neutral lipids than chloroplasts of wild-type plants. These observations collectively indicate that this TAG lipase plays a role in maintaining the structural integrity of chloroplasts, possibly by mobilizing the fatty acids of plastoglobular TAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K Padham
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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Kunz BA, Cahill DM, Mohr PG, Osmond MJ, Vonarx EJ. Plant responses to UV radiation and links to pathogen resistance. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2006; 255:1-40. [PMID: 17178464 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(06)55001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increased incident ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to ozone depletion has heightened interest in plant responses to UV because solar UV wavelengths can reduce plant genome stability, growth, and productivity. These detrimental effects result from damage to cell components including nucleic acids, proteins, and membrane lipids. As obligate phototrophs, plants must counter the onslaught of cellular damage due to prolonged exposure to sunlight. They do so by attenuating the UV dose received through accumulation of UV-absorbing secondary metabolites, neutralizing reactive oxygen species produced by UV, monomerizing UV-induced pyrimidine dimers by photoreactivation, extracting UV photoproducts from DNA via nucleotide excision repair, and perhaps transiently tolerating the presence of DNA lesions via replicative bypass of the damage. The signaling mechanisms controlling these responses suggest that UV exposure also may be beneficial to plants by increasing cellular immunity to pathogens. Indeed, pathogen resistance can be enhanced by UV treatment, and recent experiments suggest DNA damage and its processing may have a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard A Kunz
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
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