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Li B, Zhou X, Yao W, Lin J, Ding X, Chen Q, Huang H, Chen W, Huang X, Pan S, Xiao Y, Liu J, Liu X, Liu J. NADP-malic Enzyme OsNADP-ME2 Modulates Plant Height Involving in Gibberellin Signaling in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:52. [PMID: 39152344 PMCID: PMC11329442 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Plants NADP-malic enzymes (NADP-MEs) act as a class of oxidative decarboxylase to mediate malic acid metabolism in organisms. Despite NADP-MEs have been demonstrated to play pivotal roles in regulating diverse biological processes, the role of NADP-MEs involving in plant growth and development remains rarely known. Here, we characterized the function of rice cytosolic OsNADP-ME2 in regulating plant height. The results showed that RNAi silencing and knock-out of OsNADP-ME2 in rice results in a dwarf plant structure, associating with significant expression inhibition of genes involving in phytohormone Gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and signaling transduction, but with up-regulation for the expression of GA signaling suppressor SLR1. The accumulation of major bioactive GA1, GA4 and GA7 are evidently altered in RNAi lines, and exogenous GA treatment compromises the dwarf phenotype of OsNADP-ME2 RNAi lines. RNAi silencing of OsNADP-ME2 also causes the reduction of NADP-ME activity associating with decreased production of pyruvate. Thus, our data revealed a novel function of plant NADP-MEs in modulation of rice plant height through regulating bioactive GAs accumulation and GA signaling, and provided a valuable gene resource for rice plant architecture improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jinjun Lin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiaowen Ding
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qianru Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xilai Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Sujun Pan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yinghui Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xionglun Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Jinling Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Engineering, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Lyu H, Yim WC, Yu Q. Genomic and Transcriptomic Insights into the Evolution of C4 Photosynthesis in Grasses. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae163. [PMID: 39066653 PMCID: PMC11319937 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
C4 photosynthesis has independently evolved over 62 times within 19 angiosperm families. The recurrent evolution of C4 photosynthesis appears to contradict the complex anatomical and biochemical modifications required for the transition from C3 to C4 photosynthesis. In this study, we conducted an integrated analysis of genomics and transcriptomics to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of convergent C4 evolution in the grass family. Our genome-wide exploration of C4-related gene families suggests that the expansion of these gene families may have played an important role in facilitating C4 evolution in the grass family. A phylogenomic synteny network analysis uncovered the emergence of C4 genes in various C4 grass lineages from a common ancestral gene pool. Moreover, through a comparison between non-C4 and C4 PEPCs, we pinpointed 14 amino acid sites exhibiting parallel adaptations. These adaptations, occurring post the BEP-PACMAD divergence, shed light on why all C4 origins in grasses are confined to the PACMAD clade. Furthermore, our study revealed that the ancestor of Chloridoideae grasses possessed a more favorable molecular preadaptation for C4 functions compared to the ancestor of Panicoideae grasses. This molecular preadaptation potentially explains why C4 photosynthesis evolved earlier in Chloridoideae than in Panicoideae and why the C3-to-C4 transition occurred once in Chloridoideae but multiple times in Panicoideae. Additionally, we found that C4 genes share similar cis-elements across independent C4 lineages. Notably, NAD-ME subtype grasses may have retained the ancestral regulatory machinery of the C4 NADP-ME gene, while NADP-ME subtype grasses might have undergone unique cis-element modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Lyu
- Tropical Plant Genetic Resources and Disease Research Unit, Daniel K Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
- Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Kunia, HI 96759, USA
| | - Won Cheol Yim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Qingyi Yu
- Tropical Plant Genetic Resources and Disease Research Unit, Daniel K Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
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Luo Y, Wang X, Zhang D, Zhan L, Li D, Li C, Cong C, Cai H. Overexpression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase gene MsPPCK1 from Medicago sativa L. increased alkali tolerance of alfalfa by enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and promoting nodule development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108764. [PMID: 38879983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase of Medicago sativa L. (MsPPCK1) modulates the phosphorylation status and activity of the C4 pathway phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase enzyme, which is pivotal for photosynthetic carbon assimilation in plants. This study investigated the role of MsPPCK1 in alfalfa by creating transgenic plants overexpressing MsPPCK1 under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. The enhanced alkali tolerance of transgenic plants indicated an important role of MsPPCK1 gene in regulating plant alkali tolerance. Transgenic plants exhibited heightened antioxidant activity (SOD, POD, and CAT), reduced MDA, H2O2, OFR and REC% content, increased activity of key photosynthetic enzymes (PEPC, PPDK, NADP-ME, and NADP-MDH), and enhanced photosynthetic parameters (Pn, E, Gs, and Ci). Moreover, MsPPCK1 overexpression increased the content of organic acids (oxaloacetic, malic, citric, and succinic acids) in the plants. The upregulation of MsPPCK1 under rhizobial inoculation showcased its other role in nodule development. In transgenic plants, MsDMI2, MsEnod12, and MsNODL4 expression increased, facilitating root nodule development and augmenting plant nodulation. Accelerated root nodule growth positively influences plant growth and yield and enhances alfalfa resistance to alkali stress. This study highlights the pivotal role of MsPPCK1 in fortifying plant alkali stress tolerance and improving yield, underscoring its potential as a key genetic target for developing alkali-tolerant and high-yielding alfalfa varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Luo
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Depeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lifeng Zhan
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Donghuan Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chunxin Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chunlong Cong
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hua Cai
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Doering LN, Gerling N, Linnenbrügger L, Lansing H, Baune MC, Fischer K, von Schaewen A. Evidence for dual targeting control of Arabidopsis 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase isoforms by N-terminal phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2848-2866. [PMID: 38412416 PMCID: PMC11103113 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway (OPPP) retrieves NADPH from glucose-6-phosphate, which is important in chloroplasts at night and in plastids of heterotrophic tissues. We previously studied how OPPP enzymes may transiently locate to peroxisomes, but how this is achieved for the third enzyme remained unclear. By extending our genetic approach, we demonstrated that Arabidopsis isoform 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 2 (PGD2) is indispensable in peroxisomes during fertilization, and investigated why all PGD-reporter fusions show a mostly cytosolic pattern. A previously published interaction of a plant PGD with thioredoxin m was confirmed using Trxm2 for yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescent complementation (BiFC) assays, and medial reporter fusions (with both ends accessible) proved to be beneficial for studying peroxisomal targeting of PGD2. Of special importance were phosphomimetic changes at Thr6, resulting in a clear targeting switch to peroxisomes, while a similar change at position Ser7 in PGD1 conferred plastid import. Apparently, efficient subcellular localization can be achieved by activating an unknown kinase, either early after or during translation. N-terminal phosphorylation of PGD2 interfered with dimerization in the cytosol, thus allowing accessibility of the C-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS1). Notably, we identified amino acid positions that are conserved among plant PGD homologues, with PTS1 motifs first appearing in ferns, suggesting a functional link to fertilization during the evolution of seed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Nico Doering
- University of Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Niklas Gerling
- University of Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Loreen Linnenbrügger
- University of Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hannes Lansing
- University of Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marie-Christin Baune
- University of Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- University of Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Antje von Schaewen
- University of Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Molecular Physiology of Plants, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Fu W, Zhao L, Qiu W, Xu X, Ding M, Lan L, Qu S, Wang S. Whole-genome resequencing identifies candidate genes and allelic variation in the MdNADP-ME promoter that regulate fruit malate and fructose contents in apple. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024:100973. [PMID: 38751120 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Soluble sugar and organic acids are key determinants of fruit organoleptic quality and directly affect the commodity value and economic returns of fruit crops. We performed whole-genome sequencing of the apple varieties Gala and Xiahongrou, along with their F1 hybrids, to construct a high-density bin map. Our quantitative genetic analysis pinpointed 53 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to 11 sugar and acid traits. We identified a candidate gene, MdNADP-ME, responsible for malate degradation, in a stable QTL on linkage group 15. Sequence analysis revealed an A/C SNP in the promoter region (MEp-799) that influences binding of the MdMYB2 transcription factor, thereby affecting MdNADP-ME expression. In our study of various apple genotypes, this SNP has been demonstrated to be linked to malate and fructose levels. We also developed a dCAPS marker associated with fruit fructose content. These results substantiate the role of MdNADP-ME in maintaining the equilibrium between sugar and acid contents in apple fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Fu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai Region of Jiangsu, Xuzhou 221131, China
| | - Wanjun Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xu Xu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Meng Ding
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liming Lan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shenchun Qu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sanhong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Lee J, Yang JH, Weber APM, Bhattacharya D, Kim WY, Yoon HS. Diurnal Rhythms in the Red Seaweed Gracilariopsis chorda are Characterized by Unique Regulatory Networks of Carbon Metabolism. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae012. [PMID: 38267085 PMCID: PMC10853006 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular and physiological cycles are driven by endogenous pacemakers, the diurnal and circadian rhythms. Key functions such as cell cycle progression and cellular metabolism are under rhythmic regulation, thereby maintaining physiological homeostasis. The photoreceptors phytochrome and cryptochrome, in response to light cues, are central input pathways for physiological cycles in most photosynthetic organisms. However, among Archaeplastida, red algae are the only taxa that lack phytochromes. Current knowledge about oscillatory rhythms is primarily derived from model species such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the Viridiplantae, whereas little is known about these processes in other clades of the Archaeplastida, such as the red algae (Rhodophyta). We used genome-wide expression profiling of the red seaweed Gracilariopsis chorda and identified 3,098 rhythmic genes. Here, we characterized possible cryptochrome-based regulation and photosynthetic/cytosolic carbon metabolism in this species. We found a large family of cryptochrome genes in G. chorda that display rhythmic expression over the diurnal cycle and may compensate for the lack of phytochromes in this species. The input pathway gates regulatory networks of carbon metabolism which results in a compact and efficient energy metabolism during daylight hours. The system in G. chorda is distinct from energy metabolism in most plants, which activates in the dark. The green lineage, in particular, land plants, balance water loss and CO2 capture in terrestrial environments. In contrast, red seaweeds maintain a reduced set of photoreceptors and a compact cytosolic carbon metabolism to thrive in the harsh abiotic conditions typical of intertidal zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunMo Lee
- Department of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Kyungpook Institute of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Debashish Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 four), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hwan Su Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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7
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Hunt H, Leape S, Sidhu JS, Ajmera I, Lynch JP, Ratcliffe RG, Sweetlove LJ. A role for fermentation in aerobic conditions as revealed by computational analysis of maize root metabolism during growth by cell elongation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1553-1570. [PMID: 37831626 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The root is a well-studied example of cell specialisation, yet little is known about the metabolism that supports the transport functions and growth of different root cell types. To address this, we used computational modelling to study metabolism in the elongation zone of a maize lateral root. A functional-structural model captured the cell-anatomical features of the root and modelled how they changed as the root elongated. From these data, we derived constraints for a flux balance analysis model that predicted metabolic fluxes of the 11 concentric rings of cells in the root. We discovered a distinct metabolic flux pattern in the cortical cell rings, endodermis and pericycle (but absent in the epidermis) that involved a high rate of glycolysis and production of the fermentation end-products lactate and ethanol. This aerobic fermentation was confirmed experimentally by metabolite analysis. The use of fermentation in the model was not obligatory but was the most efficient way to meet the specific demands for energy, reducing power and carbon skeletons of expanding cells. Cytosolic acidification was avoided in the fermentative mode due to the substantial consumption of protons by lipid synthesis. These results expand our understanding of fermentative metabolism beyond that of hypoxic niches and suggest that fermentation could play an important role in the metabolism of aerobic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Hunt
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Stefan Leape
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Jagdeep Singh Sidhu
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Ishan Ajmera
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - R George Ratcliffe
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Lee J Sweetlove
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
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8
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Wu B, Qi F, Liang Y. Fuels for ROS signaling in plant immunity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1124-1131. [PMID: 37188557 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling has an important role in plant innate immune responses and is primarily mediated by NADPH oxidase, also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) in plants. NADPH serves as a fuel for RBOHs and limits the rate or amount of ROS production. Molecular regulation of RBOHs has been extensively studied; however, the source of NADPH for RBOHs has received little attention. Here, we review ROS signaling and the regulation of RBOHs in the plant immune system with a focus on NADPH regulation to achieve ROS homeostasis. We propose an idea to regulate the levels of NADPH as part of a new strategy to control ROS signaling and the corresponding downstream defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fan Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Kandoi D, Tripathy BC. Overexpression of chloroplastic Zea mays NADP-malic enzyme (ZmNADP-ME) confers tolerance to salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 158:57-76. [PMID: 37561272 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The C4 plants photosynthesize better than C3 plants especially in arid environment. As an attempt to genetically convert C3 plant to C4, the cDNA of decarboxylating C4 type NADP-malic enzyme from Zea mays (ZmNADP-ME) that has lower Km for malate and NADP than its C3 isoforms, was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana under the control of 35S promoter. Due to increased activity of NADP-ME in the transgenics the malate decarboxylation increased that resulted in loss of carbon skeletons needed for amino acid and protein synthesis. Consequently, amino acid and protein content of the transgenics declined. Therefore, the Chl content, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), electron transport rate (ETR), the quantum yield of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, rosette diameter, and biomass were lower in the transgenics. However, in salt stress (150 mM NaCl), the overexpressers had higher Chl, protein content, Fv/Fm, ETR, and biomass than the vector control. NADPH generated in the transgenics due to increased malate decarboxylation, contributed to augmented synthesis of proline, the osmoprotectant required to alleviate the reactive oxygen species-mediated membrane damage and oxidative stress. Consequently, the glutathione peroxidase activity increased and H2O2 content decreased in the salt-stressed transgenics. The reduced membrane lipid peroxidation and lower malondialdehyde production resulted in better preservation, of thylakoid integrity and membrane architecture in the transgenics under saline environment. Our results clearly demonstrate that overexpression of C4 chloroplastic ZmNADP-ME in the C3 Arabidopsis thaliana, although decrease their photosynthetic efficiency, protects the transgenics from salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kandoi
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, 201310, India
| | - Baishnab C Tripathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, 201310, India.
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Taboada J, González-Gordo S, Muñoz-Vargas MA, Palma JM, Corpas FJ. NADP-Dependent Malic Enzyme Genes in Sweet Pepper Fruits: Involvement in Ripening and Modulation by Nitric Oxide (NO). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2353. [PMID: 37375977 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
NADPH is an indispensable cofactor in a wide range of physiological processes that is generated by a family of NADPH dehydrogenases, of which the NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) is a member. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit is a horticultural product consumed worldwide that has great nutritional and economic relevance. Besides the phenotypical changes that pepper fruit undergoes during ripening, there are many associated modifications at transcriptomic, proteome, biochemical and metabolic levels. Nitric oxide (NO) is a recognized signal molecule with regulatory functions in diverse plant processes. To our knowledge, there is very scarce information about the number of genes encoding for NADP-ME in pepper plants and their expression during the ripening of sweet pepper fruit. Using a data mining approach to evaluate the pepper plant genome and fruit transcriptome (RNA-seq), five NADP-ME genes were identified, and four of them, namely CaNADP-ME2 to CaNADP-ME5, were expressed in fruit. The time course expression analysis of these genes during different fruit ripening stages, including green immature (G), breaking point (BP) and red ripe (R), showed that they were differentially modulated. Thus, while CaNADP-ME3 and CaNADP-ME5 were upregulated, CaNADP-ME2 and CaNADP-ME4 were downregulated. Exogenous NO treatment of fruit triggered the downregulation of CaNADP-ME4. We obtained a 50-75% ammonium-sulfate-enriched protein fraction containing CaNADP-ME enzyme activity, and this was assayed via non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The results allow us to identify four isozymes designated from CaNADP-ME I to CaNADP-ME IV. Taken together, the data provide new pieces of information on the CaNADP-ME system with the identification of five CaNADP-ME genes and how the four genes expressed in pepper fruits are modulated during ripening and exogenous NO gas treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Taboada
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador González-Gordo
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - María A Muñoz-Vargas
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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11
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Smith EN, Ratcliffe RG, Kruger NJ. Isotopically non-stationary metabolic flux analysis of heterotrophic Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1049559. [PMID: 36699846 PMCID: PMC9868915 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1049559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluxes are the ultimate phenotype of metabolism and their accurate quantification is fundamental to any understanding of metabolic networks. Steady state metabolic flux analysis has been the method of choice for quantifying fluxes in heterotrophic cells, but it is unable to measure fluxes during short-lived metabolic states, such as a transient oxidative load. Isotopically non-stationary metabolic flux analysis (INST-MFA) can be performed over shorter timescales (minutes - hours) and might overcome this limitation. INST-MFA has recently been applied to photosynthesising leaves, but agriculturally important tissues such as roots and storage organs, or plants during the night are heterotrophic. Here we outline the application of INST-MFA to heterotrophic plant cells. Using INST-MFA we were able to identify changes in the fluxes supported by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and malic enzyme under oxidative load, highlighting the potential of INST-MFA to measure fluxes during short-lived metabolic states. We discuss the challenges in applying INST-MFA, and highlight further development required before it can be routinely used to quantify fluxes in heterotrophic plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward N. Smith
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Molecular Systems Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - R. George Ratcliffe
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Kruger
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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12
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Liu J, Lim SL, Zhong JY, Lim BL. Bioenergetics of pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed by ratiometric genetically encoded biosensors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7822. [PMID: 36535933 PMCID: PMC9763403 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen tube is the fastest-growing plant cell. Its polarized growth process consumes a tremendous amount of energy, which involves coordinated energy fluxes between plastids, the cytosol, and mitochondria. However, how the pollen tube obtains energy and what the biological roles of pollen plastids are in this process remain obscure. To investigate this energy-demanding process, we developed second-generation ratiometric biosensors for pyridine nucleotides which are pH insensitive between pH 7.0 to pH 8.5. By monitoring dynamic changes in ATP and NADPH concentrations and the NADH/NAD+ ratio at the subcellular level in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) pollen tubes, we delineate the energy metabolism that underpins pollen tube growth and illustrate how pollen plastids obtain ATP, NADPH, NADH, and acetyl-CoA for fatty acid biosynthesis. We also show that fermentation and pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass are not essential for pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis, in contrast to other plant species like tobacco and lily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Liu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shey-Li Lim
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia Yi Zhong
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Singh J, Garai S, Das S, Thakur JK, Tripathy BC. Role of C4 photosynthetic enzyme isoforms in C3 plants and their potential applications in improving agronomic traits in crops. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 154:233-258. [PMID: 36309625 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As compared to C3, C4 plants have higher photosynthetic rates and better tolerance to high temperature and drought. These traits are highly beneficial in the current scenario of global warming. Interestingly, all the genes of the C4 photosynthetic pathway are present in C3 plants, although they are involved in diverse non-photosynthetic functions. Non-photosynthetic isoforms of carbonic anhydrase (CA), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), the decarboxylating enzymes NAD/NADP-malic enzyme (NAD/NADP-ME), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and finally pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) catalyze reactions that are essential for major plant metabolism pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, maintenance of cellular pH, uptake of nutrients and their assimilation. Consistent with this view differential expression pattern of these non-photosynthetic C3 isoforms has been observed in different tissues across the plant developmental stages, such as germination, grain filling, and leaf senescence. Also abundance of these C3 isoforms is increased considerably in response to environmental fluctuations particularly during abiotic stress. Here we review the vital roles played by C3 isoforms of C4 enzymes and the probable mechanisms by which they help plants in acclimation to adverse growth conditions. Further, their potential applications to increase the agronomic trait value of C3 crops is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Sampurna Garai
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shubhashis Das
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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14
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Calace P, Tonetti T, Margarit E, Figueroa CM, Lobertti C, Andreo CS, Gerrard Wheeler MC, Saigo M. The C4 cycle and beyond: diverse metabolic adaptations accompany dual-cell photosynthetic functions in Setaria. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:7876-7890. [PMID: 34402880 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
C4 photosynthesis is typically characterized by the spatial compartmentalization of the photosynthetic reactions into mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) cells. Initial carbon fixation within M cells gives rise to C4 acids, which are transported to the BS cells. There, C4 acids are decarboxylated so that the resulting CO2 is incorporated into the Calvin cycle. This work is focused on the study of Setaria viridis, a C4 model plant, closely related to several major feed and bioenergy grasses. First, we performed the heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of Setaria isoforms for chloroplastic NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) and mitochondrial NAD-malic enzyme (NAD-ME). The kinetic parameters obtained agree with a major role for NADP-ME in the decarboxylation of the C4 acid malate in the chloroplasts of BS cells. In addition, mitochondria-located NAD-ME showed regulatory properties that could be important in the context of the operation of the C4 carbon shuttle. Secondly, we compared the proteomes of M and BS compartments and found 825 differentially accumulated proteins that could support different metabolic scenarios. Most interestingly, we found evidence of metabolic strategies to insulate the C4 core avoiding the leakage of intermediates by either up-regulation or down-regulation of chloroplastic, mitochondrial, and peroxisomal proteins. Overall, the results presented in this work provide novel data concerning the complexity of C4 metabolism, uncovering future lines of research that will undoubtedly contribute to the expansion of knowledge on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Calace
- Grupo de Metabolismo del Carbono y Producción Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Tomás Tonetti
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (IAL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Margarit
- Grupo de Calidad de Frutos Cítricos, Bayas y Mejoramiento Forestal, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (IAL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lobertti
- Grupo de Metabolismo del Carbono y Producción Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Bacteriana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carlos S Andreo
- Grupo de Metabolismo del Carbono y Producción Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariel C Gerrard Wheeler
- Grupo de Metabolismo del Carbono y Producción Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariana Saigo
- Grupo de Metabolismo del Carbono y Producción Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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15
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Wen Z, Wang Y, Xia C, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Chloroplastic SaNADP-ME4 of C 3-C 4 Woody Desert Species Salsola laricifolia Confers Drought and Salt Stress Resistance to Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1827. [PMID: 34579361 PMCID: PMC8471237 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) catalyzes the reversible decarboxylation of L-malate to produce pyruvate, CO2, and NADPH in the presence of a bivalent cation. In addition, this enzyme plays crucial roles in plant developmental and environment responses, especially for the plastidic isoform. However, this isoform is less studied in C3-C4 intermediate species under drought and salt stresses than in C3 and C4 species. In the present study, we characterized SaNADP-ME4 from the intermediate woody desert species Salsola laricifolia. SaNADP-ME4 encoded a protein of 646 amino acids, which was found to be located in the chloroplasts based on confocal imaging. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that SaNADP-ME4 was highly expressed in leaves, followed by stems and roots, and SaNADP-ME4 expression was improved and reached its maximum under the 200 mm mannitol and 100 mm NaCl treatments, respectively. Arabidopsis overexpressing SaNADP-ME4 showed increased root length and fresh weight under mannitol and salt stress conditions at the seedling stage. In the adult stage, SaNADP-ME4 could alleviate the decreased in chlorophyll contents and PSII photochemical efficiency, as well as improve the expression of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase genes to enhance reactive oxygen species scavenging capability and proline levels. Our results suggest that SaNADP-ME4 overexpression in Arabidopsis increases drought and salt stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Z.W.); (Y.W.); (C.X.); (Y.Z.)
- The Specimen Museum of Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Z.W.); (Y.W.); (C.X.); (Y.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunlan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Z.W.); (Y.W.); (C.X.); (Y.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Z.W.); (Y.W.); (C.X.); (Y.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Z.W.); (Y.W.); (C.X.); (Y.Z.)
- The Specimen Museum of Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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16
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Gerrard Wheeler MC, Arias CL, E Mello JDFR, Cirauqui Diaz N, Rodrigues CR, Drincovich MF, de Souza AMT, Alvarez CE. Structural insights into the allosteric site of Arabidopsis NADP-malic enzyme 2: role of the second sphere residues in the regulatory signal transmission. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:37-48. [PMID: 34333694 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
NADP-ME2 from Arabidopsis thaliana exhibits a distinctive and complex regulation by fumarate, acting as an activator or an inhibitor according to substrate and effector concentrations. In this work, we used molecular modeling approach and site-directed mutagenesis to characterized the NADP-ME2 structural determinants necessary for allosteric regulation providing new insights for enzyme optimization. Structure-function studies contribute to deciphering how small modifications in the primary structure could introduce desirable characteristics into enzymes without affecting its overall functioning. Malic enzymes (ME) are ubiquitous and responsible for a wide variety of functions. The availability of a high number of ME crystal structures from different species facilitates comparisons between sequence and structure. Specifically, the structural determinants necessary for fumarate allosteric regulation of ME has been of particular interest. NADP-ME2 from Arabidopsis thaliana exhibits a distinctive and complex regulation by fumarate, acting as an activator or an inhibitor according to substrate and effector concentrations. However, the 3D structure for this enzyme is not yet reported. In this work, we characterized the NADP-ME2 allosteric site by structural modeling, molecular docking, normal mode analysis and mutagenesis. The regulatory site model and its docking analysis suggested that other C4 acids including malate, NADP-ME2 substrate, could also fit into fumarate's pocket. Besides, a non-conserved cluster of hydrophobic residues in the second sphere of the allosteric site was identified. The substitution of one of those residues, L62, by a less flexible residue as tryptophan, resulted in a complete loss of fumarate activation and a reduction of substrate affinities for the active site. In addition, normal mode analysis indicated that conformational changes leading to the activation could originate in the region surrounding L62, extending through the allosteric site till the active site. Finally, the results in this work contribute to the understanding of structural determinants necessary for allosteric regulation providing new insights for enzyme optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Claudia Gerrard Wheeler
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CEFOBI-CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 570, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cintia Lucía Arias
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CEFOBI-CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 570, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Juliana da Fonseca Rezende E Mello
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 bloco L subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nuria Cirauqui Diaz
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 bloco L subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rangel Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 bloco L subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - María Fabiana Drincovich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CEFOBI-CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 570, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Alessandra Mendonça Teles de Souza
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 bloco L subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Clarisa Ester Alvarez
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CEFOBI-CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 570, Rosario, Argentina.
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17
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Abstract
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) has evolved from a C3 ground state to increase water use efficiency of photosynthesis. During CAM evolution, selective pressures altered the abundance and expression patterns of C3 genes and their regulators to enable the trait. The circadian pattern of CO2 fixation and the stomatal opening pattern observed in CAM can be explained largely with a regulatory architecture already present in C3 plants. The metabolic CAM cycle relies on enzymes and transporters that exist in C3 plants and requires tight regulatory control to avoid futile cycles between carboxylation and decarboxylation. Ecological observations and modeling point to mesophyll conductance as a major factor during CAM evolution. The present state of knowledge enables suggestions for genes for a minimal CAM cycle for proof-of-concept engineering, assuming altered regulation of starch synthesis and degradation are not critical elements of CAM photosynthesis and sufficient malic acid export from the vacuole is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schiller
- Computational Biology, Faculty of Biology, CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; ,
| | - Andrea Bräutigam
- Computational Biology, Faculty of Biology, CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; ,
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18
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Alexander LE, Gilbertson JS, Xie B, Song Z, Nikolau BJ. High spatial resolution imaging of the dynamics of cuticular lipid deposition during Arabidopsis flower development. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00322. [PMID: 33969255 PMCID: PMC8082717 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The extensive collection of glossy (gl) and eceriferum (cer) mutants of maize and Arabidopsis have proven invaluable in dissecting the branched metabolic pathways that support cuticular lipid deposition. This bifurcated pathway integrates a fatty acid elongation-decarbonylative branch and a fatty acid elongation-reductive branch, which collectively has the capacity to generate hundreds of cuticular lipid metabolites. In this study, a combined transgenic and biochemical strategy was implemented to explore and compare the physiological function of three homologous genes, Gl2, Gl2-like, and CER2, in the context of this branched pathway. These biochemical characterizations integrated new extraction chromatographic procedures with high spatial resolution mass spectrometric imaging methods to profile the cuticular lipids on developing floral tissues transgenically expressing these transgenes in wild-type or cer2 mutant lines of Arabidopsis. Collectively, these datasets establish that both the maize Gl2 and Gl2-like genes are functional homologs of the Arabidopsis CER2 gene. In addition, the dynamic distribution of cuticular lipid deposition follows distinct floral organ localization patterns indicating that the fatty acid elongation-decarbonylative branch of the pathway is differentially localized from the fatty acid elongation-reductive branch of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza E. Alexander
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
- Center for Metabolic BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
| | - Jena S. Gilbertson
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
- Present address:
Illinois College of OptometryChicagoIL60616USA
| | - Bo Xie
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
- Center for Metabolic BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
- Present address:
Office of Intellectual Property and Technology TransferEconomic Development Core FacilityIowa State UniversityAmesIA50010USA
| | - Zhihong Song
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
- Center for Metabolic BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
- Present address:
Office of Pharmaceutical QualityCenter for Drug Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMD20993USA
| | - Basil J. Nikolau
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
- Center for Metabolic BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
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19
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Corpas FJ, González-Gordo S, Palma JM. Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide modulate the NADPH-generating enzymatic system in higher plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:830-847. [PMID: 32945878 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are two key molecules in plant cells that participate, directly or indirectly, as regulators of protein functions through derived post-translational modifications, mainly tyrosine nitration, S-nitrosation, and persulfidation. These post-translational modifications allow the participation of both NO and H2S signal molecules in a wide range of cellular processes either physiological or under stressful circumstances. NADPH participates in cellular redox status and it is a key cofactor necessary for cell growth and development. It is involved in significant biochemical routes such as fatty acid, carotenoid and proline biosynthesis, and the shikimate pathway, as well as in cellular detoxification processes including the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, the NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase (NTR), or the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase. Plant cells have diverse mechanisms to generate NADPH by a group of NADP-dependent oxidoreductases including ferredoxin-NADP reductase (FNR), NADP-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP-GAPDH), NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME), NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH), and both enzymes of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, designated as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH). These enzymes consist of different isozymes located in diverse subcellular compartments (chloroplasts, cytosol, mitochondria, and peroxisomes) which contribute to the NAPDH cellular pool. We provide a comprehensive overview of how post-translational modifications promoted by NO (tyrosine nitration and S-nitrosation), H2S (persulfidation), and glutathione (glutathionylation), affect the cellular redox status through regulation of the NADP-dependent dehydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidant, Free Radical and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador González-Gordo
- Group of Antioxidant, Free Radical and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidant, Free Radical and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, Granada, Spain
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20
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Tronconi MA, Hüdig M, Schranz ME, Maurino VG. Independent Recruitment of Duplicated β-Subunit-Coding NAD-ME Genes Aided the Evolution of C4 Photosynthesis in Cleomaceae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:572080. [PMID: 33123181 PMCID: PMC7573226 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.572080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In different lineages of C4 plants, the release of CO2 by decarboxylation of a C4 acid near rubisco is catalyzed by NADP-malic enzyme (ME) or NAD-ME, and the facultative use of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The co-option of gene lineages during the evolution of C4-NADP-ME has been thoroughly investigated, whereas that of C4-NAD-ME has received less attention. In this work, we aimed at elucidating the mechanism of recruitment of NAD-ME for its function in the C4 pathway by focusing on the eudicot family Cleomaceae. We identified a duplication of NAD-ME in vascular plants that generated the two paralogs lineages: α- and β-NAD-ME. Both gene lineages were retained across seed plants, and their fixation was likely driven by a degenerative process of sub-functionalization, which resulted in a NAD-ME operating primarily as a heteromer of α- and β-subunits. We found most angiosperm genomes maintain a 1:1 β-NAD-ME/α-NAD-ME (β/α) relative gene dosage, but with some notable exceptions mainly due to additional duplications of β-NAD-ME subunits. For example, a significantly high proportion of species with C4-NAD-ME-type photosynthesis have a non-1:1 ratio of β/α. In the Brassicales, we found C4 species with a 2:1 ratio due to a β-NAD-ME duplication (β1 and β2); this was also observed in the C3 Tarenaya hassleriana and Brassica crops. In the independently evolved C4 species, Gynandropsis gynandra and Cleome angustifolia, all three genes were affected by C4 evolution with α- and β1-NAD-ME driven by adaptive selection. In particular, the β1-NAD-MEs possess many differentially substituted amino acids compared with other species and the β2-NAD-MEs of the same species. Five of these amino acids are identically substituted in β1-NAD-ME of G. gynandra and C. angustifolia, two of them were identified as positively selected. Using synteny analysis, we established that β-NAD-ME duplications were derived from ancient polyploidy events and that α-NAD-ME is in a unique syntenic context in both Cleomaceae and Brassicaceae. We discuss our hypotheses for the evolution of NAD-ME and its recruitment for C4 photosynthesis. We propose that gene duplications provided the basis for the recruitment of NAD-ME in C4 Cleomaceae and that all members of the NAD-ME gene family have been adapted to fit the C4-biochemistry. Also, one of the β-NAD-ME gene copies was independently co-opted for its function in the C4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A. Tronconi
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Meike Hüdig
- Abteilung Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Institut für Molekulare Physiologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Veronica G. Maurino
- Abteilung Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Institut für Molekulare Physiologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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21
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Abraham PE, Hurtado Castano N, Cowan-Turner D, Barnes J, Poudel S, Hettich R, Flütsch S, Santelia D, Borland AM. Peeling back the layers of crassulacean acid metabolism: functional differentiation between Kalanchoë fedtschenkoi epidermis and mesophyll proteomes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:869-888. [PMID: 32314451 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a specialized mode of photosynthesis that offers the potential to engineer improved water-use efficiency (WUE) and drought resilience in C3 plants while sustaining productivity in the hotter and drier climates that are predicted for much of the world. CAM species show an inverted pattern of stomatal opening and closing across the diel cycle, which conserves water and provides a means of maintaining growth in hot, water-limited environments. Recent genome sequencing of the constitutive model CAM species Kalanchoë fedtschenkoi provides a platform for elucidating the ensemble of proteins that link photosynthetic metabolism with stomatal movement, and that protect CAM plants from harsh environmental conditions. We describe a large-scale proteomics analysis to characterize and compare proteins, as well as diel changes in their abundance in guard cell-enriched epidermis and mesophyll cells from leaves of K. fedtschenkoi. Proteins implicated in processes that encompass respiration, the transport of water and CO2 , stomatal regulation, and CAM biochemistry are highlighted and discussed. Diel rescheduling of guard cell starch turnover in K. fedtschenkoi compared with that observed in Arabidopsis is reported and tissue-specific localization in the epidermis and mesophyll of isozymes implicated in starch and malate turnover are discussed in line with the contrasting roles for these metabolites within the CAM mesophyll and stomatal complex. These data reveal the proteins and the biological processes enriched in each layer and provide key information for studies aiming to adapt plants to hot and dry environments by modifying leaf physiology for improved plant sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Abraham
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Natalia Hurtado Castano
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Daniel Cowan-Turner
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Jeremy Barnes
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Suresh Poudel
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Robert Hettich
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | | | - Diana Santelia
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anne M Borland
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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22
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Genomic dissection and expression analysis of stress-responsive genes in C4 panicoid models, Setaria italica and Setaria viridis. J Biotechnol 2020; 318:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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23
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Shi W, Yue L, Guo J, Wang J, Yuan X, Dong S, Guo J, Guo P. Identification and evolution of C 4 photosynthetic pathway genes in plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:132. [PMID: 32228460 PMCID: PMC7106689 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NADP-malic enzyme (NAPD-ME), and pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) are important enzymes that participate in C4 photosynthesis. However, the evolutionary history and forces driving evolution of these genes in C4 plants are not completely understood. RESULTS We identified 162 NADP-ME and 35 PPDK genes in 25 species and constructed respective phylogenetic trees. We classified NADP-ME genes into four branches, A1, A2, B1 and B2, whereas PPDK was classified into two branches in which monocots were in branch I and dicots were in branch II. Analyses of selective pressure on the NAPD-ME and PPDK gene families identified four positively selected sites, including 94H and 196H in the a5 branch of NADP-ME, and 95A and 559E in the e branch of PPDK at posterior probability thresholds of 95%. The positively selected sites were located in the helix and sheet regions. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses revealed that expression levels of 6 NADP-ME and 2 PPDK genes from foxtail millet were up-regulated after exposure to light. CONCLUSION This study revealed that positively selected sites of NADP-ME and PPDK evolution in C4 plants. It provides information on the classification and positive selection of plant NADP-ME and PPDK genes, and the results should be useful in further research on the evolutionary history of C4 plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Shi
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Linqi Yue
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Jianming Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Shuqi Dong
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Jie Guo
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
| | - Pingyi Guo
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
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24
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Ferrari RC, Bittencourt PP, Rodrigues MA, Moreno-Villena JJ, Alves FRR, Gastaldi VD, Boxall SF, Dever LV, Demarco D, Andrade SCS, Edwards EJ, Hartwell J, Freschi L. C 4 and crassulacean acid metabolism within a single leaf: deciphering key components behind a rare photosynthetic adaptation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1699-1714. [PMID: 31610019 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although biochemically related, C4 and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) systems are expected to be incompatible. However, Portulaca species, including P. oleracea, operate C4 and CAM within a single leaf, and the mechanisms behind this unique photosynthetic arrangement remain largely unknown. Here, we employed RNA-seq to identify candidate genes involved exclusively or shared by C4 or CAM, and provided an in-depth characterization of their transcript abundance patterns during the drought-induced photosynthetic transitions in P. oleracea. Data revealed fewer candidate CAM-specific genes than those recruited to function in C4 . The putative CAM-specific genes were predominantly involved in night-time primary carboxylation reactions and malate movement across the tonoplast. Analysis of gene transcript-abundance regulation and photosynthetic physiology indicated that C4 and CAM coexist within a single P. oleracea leaf under mild drought conditions. Developmental and environmental cues were shown to regulate CAM expression in stems, whereas the shift from C4 to C4 -CAM hybrid photosynthesis in leaves was strictly under environmental control. Moreover, efficient starch turnover was identified as part of the metabolic adjustments required for CAM operation in both organs. These findings provide insights into C4 /CAM connectivity and compatibility, contributing to a deeper understanding of alternative ways to engineer CAM into C4 crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata C Ferrari
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brasil
| | - Priscila P Bittencourt
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brasil
| | - Maria A Rodrigues
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brasil
| | - Jose J Moreno-Villena
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208105, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Frederico R R Alves
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brasil
| | - Vinícius D Gastaldi
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403-903, Brasil
| | - Susanna F Boxall
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Louisa V Dever
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Diego Demarco
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brasil
| | - Sónia C S Andrade
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brasil
| | - Erika J Edwards
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208105, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - James Hartwell
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brasil
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25
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Badia MB, Maurino VG, Pavlovic T, Arias CL, Pagani MA, Andreo CS, Saigo M, Drincovich MF, Gerrard Wheeler MC. Loss of function of Arabidopsis NADP-malic enzyme 1 results in enhanced tolerance to aluminum stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:653-665. [PMID: 31626366 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In acidic soils, aluminum (Al) toxicity is a significant limitation to crop production worldwide. Given its Al-binding capacity, malate allows internal as well as external detoxification strategies to cope with Al stress, but little is known about the metabolic processes involved in this response. Here, we analyzed the relevance of NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME), which catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate, in Al tolerance. Plants lacking NADP-ME1 (nadp-me1) display reduced inhibition of root elongation along Al treatment compared with the wild type (wt). Moreover, wt roots exposed to Al show a drastic decrease in NADP-ME1 transcript levels. Although malate levels in seedlings and root exudates are similar in nadp-me1 and wt, a significant increase in intracellular malate is observed in roots of nadp-me1 after long exposure to Al. The nadp-me1 plants also show a lower H2 O2 content in root apices treated with Al and no inhibition of root elongation when exposed to glutamate, an amino acid implicated in Al signaling. Proteomic studies showed several differentially expressed proteins involved in signal transduction, primary metabolism and protection against biotic and other abiotic stimuli and redox processes in nadp-me1, which may participate directly or indirectly in Al tolerance. The results indicate that NADP-ME1 is involved in adjusting the malate levels in the root apex, and its loss results in an increased content of this organic acid. Furthermore, the results suggest that NADP-ME1 affects signaling processes, such as the generation of reactive oxygen species and those that involve glutamate, which could lead to inhibition of root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Beatriz Badia
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Verónica Graciela Maurino
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatiana Pavlovic
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cintia Lucía Arias
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Ayelén Pagani
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carlos Santiago Andreo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariana Saigo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Fabiana Drincovich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariel Claudia Gerrard Wheeler
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
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26
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Loza-Medrano SS, Baiza-Gutman LA, Manuel-Apolinar L, García-Macedo R, Damasio-Santana L, Martínez-Mar OA, Sánchez-Becerra MC, Cruz-López M, Ibáñez-Hernández MA, Díaz-Flores M. High fructose-containing drinking water-induced steatohepatitis in rats is prevented by the nicotinamide-mediated modulation of redox homeostasis and NADPH-producing enzymes. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:337-351. [PMID: 31650383 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An imbalance in the redox state, increased levels of lipid precursors and overactivation of de novo lipogenesis determine the development of fibrosis during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We evaluated the modulation of NADPH-producing enzymes associated with the antifibrotic, antioxidant and antilipemic effects of nicotinamide (NAM) in a model of NASH induced by excess fructose consumption. Male rats were provided drinking water containing 40% fructose for 16 weeks. During the last 12 weeks of fructose administration, water containing NAM was provided to some of the rats for 5 h/day. The biochemical profiles and the ghrelin, leptin, lipoperoxidation and TNF-α levels in serum and the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), malic enzyme (ME) and NADP+-dependent isocitric dehydrogenase (IDP) levels, the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and reduced/oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+) ratios, and the levels of various lipogenic and fibrotic markers in the liver were evaluated. The results showed that hepatic fibrosis induced by fructose consumption was associated with weight gain, hunger-satiety system dysregulation, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, lipoperoxidation and inflammation. Moreover, increased levels of hepatic G6PD and ME activity and expression, the NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ ratios, and GSSG concentration and increased expression of lipogenic and fibrotic markers were detected, and these alterations were attenuated by NAM administration. Specifically, NAM diminished the activity and expression of G6PD and ME, and this effect was associated with a decrease in the NADPH/NADP+ ratios, increased GSH levels and decreased lipoperoxidation and inflammation, ameliorating fibrosis and NASH development. NAM reduces liver steatosis and fibrosis by regulating redox homeostasis through a G6PD- and ME-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Loza-Medrano
- Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, México City, Mexico
| | - L A Baiza-Gutman
- Laboratorio en Biología del Desarrollo, Unidad de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - L Manuel-Apolinar
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, Mexico
| | - R García-Macedo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, México City, Mexico
| | - L Damasio-Santana
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, Mexico
| | - O A Martínez-Mar
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, México City, Mexico
| | - M C Sánchez-Becerra
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, México City, Mexico
| | - M Cruz-López
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, México City, Mexico
| | - M A Ibáñez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - M Díaz-Flores
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, México City, Mexico.
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27
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Zhang X, Pu P, Tang Y, Zhang L, Lv J. C4 photosynthetic enzymes play a key role in wheat spike bracts primary carbon metabolism response under water deficit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 142:163-172. [PMID: 31299598 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
C4 photosynthetic enzymes are present in C3 plants and participate in non-photosynthetic metabolism. Wheat spike bracts had a higher drought tolerance, photosynthesis and senesced later compared to the flag leaves under water deficit. This research was conducted to investigate the different response of primary carbon metabolism induced by C4 photosynthetic enzymes in wheat flag leaves and spike bracts including glumes and lemmas under water deficit. The activities of C4 photosynthetic enzymes and Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco), the expression of related genes and primary carbon metabolism contents were demonstrated in wheat flag leaves and spike bracts exposed to water deficit. Results showed that drought stress strongly inhibited wheat photosynthetic metabolism by decreasing Rubisco activity in flag leaves. The activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), phosphate dikinase (PPDK) and NADP- malic dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH) increased in wheat spike bracts under water deficit. Transcript levels of C4 photosynthetic genes in wheat spike bracts were higher under water deficit than that of control. Furthermore, the results indicated that drought stress induced changes in the contents of primary carbon metabolism including malate, oxaloacetic acid (OAA), citric, fumaric acid were organ-specific. In conclusion, the functions of C4 photosynthetic enzymes appear to be important for wheat spike bracts primary carbon metabolism and defence response under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Peng Pu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yan Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Jinyin Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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28
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Sun X, Han G, Meng Z, Lin L, Sui N. Roles of malic enzymes in plant development and stress responses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:e1644596. [PMID: 31322479 PMCID: PMC6768271 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1644596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Malic enzyme (ME) comprises a family of proteins with multiple isoforms located in different compartments of eukaryotic cells. It is a key enzyme regulating malic acid metabolism and can catalyze the reversible reaction of oxidative decarboxylation of malic acid. And it is also one of the important enzymes in plant metabolism and is involved in multiple metabolic processes. ME is widely present in plants and mainly discovered in cytoplasmic stroma, mitochondria, chloroplasts. It is involved in plant growth, development, and stress response. Plants are stressed by various environmental factors such as drought, high salt, and high temperature during plant growth, and the mechanisms of plant response to various environmental stresses are synergistic. Numerous studies have shown that ME participates in the process of coping with the above environmental factors by increasing water use efficiency, improving photosynthesis of plants, providing reducing power, and so on. In this review, we discuss the important role of ME in plant development and plant stress response, and prospects for its application. It provides a theoretical basis for the future use of ME gene for molecular resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Zhe Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Lin Lin
- Water Research Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan, PR China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China
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29
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Pu Y, Walley JW, Shen Z, Lang MG, Briggs SP, Estelle M, Kelley DR. Quantitative Early Auxin Root Proteomics Identifies GAUT10, a Galacturonosyltransferase, as a Novel Regulator of Root Meristem Maintenance. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1157-1170. [PMID: 30918009 PMCID: PMC6553934 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin induces rapid gene expression changes throughout root development. How auxin-induced transcriptional responses relate to changes in protein abundance is not well characterized. This report identifies early auxin responsive proteins in roots at 30 min and 2 h after hormone treatment using a quantitative proteomics approach in which 3,514 proteins were reliably quantified. A comparison of the >100 differentially expressed proteins at each the time point showed limited overlap, suggesting a dynamic and transient response to exogenous auxin. Several proteins with established roles in auxin-mediated root development exhibited altered abundance, providing support for this approach. While novel targeted proteomics assays demonstrate that all six auxin receptors remain stable in response to hormone. Additionally, 15 of the top responsive proteins display root and/or auxin response phenotypes, demonstrating the validity of these differentially expressed proteins. Auxin signaling in roots dictates proteome reprogramming of proteins enriched for several gene ontology terms, including transcription, translation, protein localization, thigmatropism, and cell wall modification. In addition, we identified auxin-regulated proteins that had not previously been implicated in auxin response. For example, genetic studies of the auxin responsive protein galacturonosyltransferase 10 demonstrate that this enzyme plays a key role in root development. Altogether these data complement and extend our understanding of auxin response beyond that provided by transcriptome studies and can be used to uncover novel proteins that may mediate root developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Pu
- From the Departments of ‡Genetics, Development and Cell Biology
| | - Justin W Walley
- ¶Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Zhouxin Shen
- §Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Michelle G Lang
- From the Departments of ‡Genetics, Development and Cell Biology
| | - Steven P Briggs
- §Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Mark Estelle
- §Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Dior R Kelley
- From the Departments of ‡Genetics, Development and Cell Biology,
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30
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Mori K, Beauvoit BP, Biais B, Chabane M, Allwood JW, Deborde C, Maucourt M, Goodacre R, Cabasson C, Moing A, Rolin D, Gibon Y. Central Metabolism Is Tuned to the Availability of Oxygen in Developing Melon Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:594. [PMID: 31156666 PMCID: PMC6529934 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Respiration of bulky plant organs such as fleshy fruits depends on oxygen (O2) availability and often decreases with O2 concentration to avoid anoxia, but the relationship between O2 diffusional resistance and metabolic adjustments remains unclear. Melon fruit (Cucumis melo L.) was used to study relationships between O2 availability and metabolism in fleshy fruits. Enzyme activities, primary metabolites and O2 partial pressure were quantified from the periphery to the inner fruit mesocarp, at three stages of development. Hypoxia was gradually established during fruit development, but there was no strong oxygen gradient between the outer- and the inner mesocarp. These trends were confirmed by a mathematical modeling approach combining O2 diffusion equations and O2 demand estimates of the mesocarp tissue. A multivariate analysis of metabolites, enzyme activities, O2 demand and concentration reveals that metabolite gradients and enzyme capacities observed in melon fruits reflect continuous metabolic adjustments thus ensuring a timely maturation of the mesocarp. The present results suggest that the metabolic adjustments, especially the tuning of the capacity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) to O2-availability that occurs during growth development, contribute to optimizing the O2-demand and avoiding the establishment of an O2 gradient within the flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Mori
- UMR1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | - Benoît Biais
- UMR1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Bordeaux Functional Genomic Centre, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Maxime Chabane
- UMR1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - J. William Allwood
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Deborde
- UMR1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Bordeaux Functional Genomic Centre, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Mickaël Maucourt
- UMR1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Bordeaux Functional Genomic Centre, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile Cabasson
- UMR1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Bordeaux Functional Genomic Centre, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Annick Moing
- UMR1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Bordeaux Functional Genomic Centre, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Dominique Rolin
- UMR1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Bordeaux Functional Genomic Centre, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, Bordeaux Functional Genomic Centre, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Skalák J, Vercruyssen L, Claeys H, Hradilová J, Černý M, Novák O, Plačková L, Saiz-Fernández I, Skaláková P, Coppens F, Dhondt S, Koukalová Š, Zouhar J, Inzé D, Brzobohatý B. Multifaceted activity of cytokinin in leaf development shapes its size and structure in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:805-824. [PMID: 30748050 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin has been shown to affect many aspects of plant development ranging from the regulation of the shoot apical meristem to leaf senescence. However, some studies have reported contradictory effects of cytokinin on leaf physiology. Therefore cytokinin treatments cause both chlorosis and increased greening and both lead to decrease or increase in cell size. To elucidate this multifaceted role of cytokinin in leaf development, we have employed a system of temporal controls over the cytokinin pool and investigated the consequences of modulated cytokinin levels in the third leaf of Arabidopsis. We show that, at the cell proliferation phase, cytokinin is needed to maintain cell proliferation by blocking the transition to cell expansion and the onset of photosynthesis. Transcriptome profiling revealed regulation by cytokinin of a gene suite previously shown to affect cell proliferation and expansion and thereby a molecular mechanism by which cytokinin modulates a molecular network underlying the cellular responses. During the cell expansion phase, cytokinin stimulates cell expansion and differentiation. Consequently, a cytokinin excess at the cell expansion phase results in an increased leaf and rosette size fueled by higher cell expansion rate, yielding higher shoot biomass. Proteome profiling revealed the stimulation of primary metabolism by cytokinin, in line with an increased sugar content that is expected to increase turgor pressure, representing the driving force of cell expansion. Therefore, the developmental timing of cytokinin content fluctuations, together with a tight control of primary metabolism, is a key factor mediating transitions from cell proliferation to cell expansion in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Skalák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Liesbeth Vercruyssen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannes Claeys
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana Hradilová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Iñigo Saiz-Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patricie Skaláková
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Dhondt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Šárka Koukalová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Zouhar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, CZ-61265, Brno, Czech Republic
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Yazdanpanah F, Maurino VG, Mettler-Altmann T, Buijs G, Bailly MN, Karimi Jashni M, Willems L, Sergeeva LI, Rajjou LC, Hilhorst HWM, Bentsink LN. NADP-MALIC ENZYME 1 Affects Germination after Seed Storage in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:318-328. [PMID: 30388244 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging decreases the quality of seeds and results in agricultural and economic losses. The damage that occurs at the biochemical level can alter the seed physiological status. Although loss of viability has been investigated frequently, little information exists on the molecular and biochemical factors involved in seed deterioration and loss of viability. Oxidative stress has been implicated as a major contributor to seed deterioration, and several pathways are involved in protection against this. In this study, we show that seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana lacking a functional NADP-MALIC ENZYME 1 (NADP-ME1) have reduced seed viability relative to the wild type. Seeds of the NADP-ME1 loss-of-function mutant display higher levels of protein carbonylation than those of the wild type. NADP-ME1 catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate with the simultaneous production of CO2 and NADPH. Upon seed imbibition, malate and amino acids accumulate in embryos of aged seeds of the NADP-ME1 loss-of-function mutant compared with those of the wild type. NADP-ME1 expression is increased in imbibed aged as compared with non-aged seeds. NADP-ME1 activity at testa rupture promotes normal germination of aged seeds. In seedlings of aged seeds, NADP-ME1 is specifically active in the root meristematic zone. We propose that NADP-ME1 activity is required for protecting seeds against oxidation during seed dry storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Yazdanpanah
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Veronica G Maurino
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich Heine University, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Universit�tsstra�e 1, D�sseldorf, Germany
| | - Tabea Mettler-Altmann
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Universit�tsstra�e 1, D�sseldorf, Germany
| | - Gonda Buijs
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marlï Ne Bailly
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Universit� Paris-Saclay, Versailles cedex, France
- DBV Technologies - Technology Center, Green Square BAT D, 80-84 rue des Meuniers, Bagneux France
| | - Mansoor Karimi Jashni
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Willems
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lidiya I Sergeeva
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Loï C Rajjou
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Universit� Paris-Saclay, Versailles cedex, France
| | - Henk W M Hilhorst
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leï Nie Bentsink
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Sinha R, Pal AK, Singh AK. Physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotypes under drought stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40502-018-0411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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34
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Arias CL, Pavlovic T, Torcolese G, Badia MB, Gismondi M, Maurino VG, Andreo CS, Drincovich MF, Gerrard Wheeler MC, Saigo M. NADP-Dependent Malic Enzyme 1 Participates in the Abscisic Acid Response in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1637. [PMID: 30459802 PMCID: PMC6232891 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana possesses three cytosolic (NADP-ME1-3) and one plastidic (NADP-ME4) NADP-dependent malic enzymes. NADP-ME2 and -ME4 show constitutive expression, in contrast to NADP-ME1 and -ME3, which are restricted to particular tissues. Here, we show that NADP-ME1 transcript and protein were almost undetectable during normal vegetative growth, but gradually increased and reached levels higher than those of the other isoforms in the latest stages of seed development. Accordingly, in knockout nadp-me1 mature seeds the total NADP-ME activity was significantly lower than in wild type mature seeds. The phenotypic analysis of nadp-me1 plants indicated alterations of seed viability and germination. Besides, the treatment with abscisic acid (ABA), NaCl and mannitol specifically induced the accumulation of NADP-ME1 in seedlings. In line with this, nadp-me1 plants show a weaker response of primary and lateral root length and stomatal opening to the presence of ABA. The results suggest that NADP-ME1 plays a specialized role, linked to ABA signaling during the seed development as well as in the response to water deficit stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia L. Arias
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Tatiana Pavlovic
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Giuliana Torcolese
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariana B. Badia
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mauro Gismondi
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Verónica G. Maurino
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carlos S. Andreo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María F. Drincovich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariel C. Gerrard Wheeler
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariana Saigo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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35
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Wu W, Yan Y. Chloroplast proteome analysis of Nicotiana tabacum overexpressing TERF1 under drought stress condition. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2018; 59:26. [PMID: 30374844 PMCID: PMC6206318 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-018-0239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chloroplast is indispensable for plant response to environmental stresses, growth and development, whose function is regulated by different plant hormones. The chloroplast proteome is encoded by chloroplast genome and nuclear genome, which play essential roles in plant photosynthesis, metabolism and other biological processes. Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are key transcription factors in activating the ethylene signaling pathway and plant response to abiotic stress. But we know little about how ethylene regulates plastid function under drought stress condition. In this study we utilized tobacco overexpressing tomato ethylene responsive factor 1 (TERF1), an ERF transcription factor isolated from tomato, to investigate its effects on the plastid proteome under drought stress condition by method of iTRAQ technology. RESULTS Results show that TERF1 represses the genes encoding the photosynthetic apparatus at both transcriptional and translational level, but the genes involved in carbon fixation are significantly induced by TERF1. TERF1 regulates multiple retrograde signaling pathways, providing a new mechanism for regulating nuclear gene expression. TERF1 also regulates plant utilization of phosphorus (Pi) and nitrogen (N). We find that several metabolic and signaling pathways related with Pi are significantly repressed and gene expression analysis shows that TERF1 significantly represses the Pi transport from root to shoot. However, the N metabolism is upregulated by TERF1 as shown by the activation of different amino acids biosynthesis pathways due to the induction of glutamine synthetase and stabilization of nitrate reductase although the root-to-shoot N transport is also reduced. TERF1 also regulates other core metabolic pathways and secondary metabolic pathways that are important for plant growth, development and response to environmental stresses. Gene set linkage analysis was applied for the upregulated proteins by TERF1, showing some new potential for regulating plant response to drought stress by TERF1. CONCLUSIONS Our research reveals effects of ethylene signaling on plastid proteome related with two key biological processes, including photosynthesis and nutrition utilization. We also provide a new mechanism to regulate nuclear gene expression by ERF1 transcription factor through retrograde signals in chloroplast. These results can enrich our knowledge about ERF1 transcription factor and function of ethylene signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanchun Yan
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
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36
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Wozny D, Kramer K, Finkemeier I, Acosta IF, Koornneef M. Genes for seed longevity in barley identified by genomic analysis on near isogenic lines. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1895-1911. [PMID: 29744896 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Genes controlling differences in seed longevity between 2 barley (Hordeum vulgare) accessions were identified by combining quantitative genetics "omics" technologies in near isogenic lines (NILs). The NILs were derived from crosses between the spring barley landraces L94 from Ethiopia and Cebada Capa from Argentina. A combined transcriptome and proteome analysis on mature, nonaged seeds of the 2 parental lines and the L94 NILs by RNA-sequencing and total seed proteomic profiling identified the UDP-glycosyltransferase MLOC_11661.1 as candidate gene for the quantitative trait loci on 2H, and the NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) MLOC_35785.1 as possible downstream target gene. To validate these candidates, they were expressed in Arabidopsis under the control of constitutive promoters to attempt complementing the T-DNA knockout line nadp-me1. Both the NADP-ME MLOC_35785.1 and the UDP-glycosyltransferase MLOC_11661.1 were able to rescue the nadp-me1 seed longevity phenotype. In the case of the UDP-glycosyltransferase, with high accumulation in NILs, only the coding sequence of Cebada Capa had a rescue effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Wozny
- Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Route de Saint-Cyr 10, Versailles Cedex, 78026, France
- Department Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von-Linné-Weg 10, Köln, 50829, Germany
| | - Katharina Kramer
- Department Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von-Linné-Weg 10, Köln, 50829, Germany
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Department Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von-Linné-Weg 10, Köln, 50829, Germany
- Institute for Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Ivan F Acosta
- Department Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von-Linné-Weg 10, Köln, 50829, Germany
| | - Maarten Koornneef
- Department Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von-Linné-Weg 10, Köln, 50829, Germany
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
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37
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Müller GL, Lara MV, Oitaven P, Andreo CS, Maurino VG, Drincovich MF. Improved water use efficiency and shorter life cycle of Nicotiana tabacum due to modification of guard and vascular companion cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4380. [PMID: 29531244 PMCID: PMC5847574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe droughts are predicted for the twenty-first century, which contrast with the increased demand for plant materials. Thus, to sustain future generations, a great challenge is to improve crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE), which is the carbon gained per water lost. Here, expression of maize NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) in the guard and vascular companion cells of Nicotiana tabacum results in enhanced WUE, earlier flowering and shorter life cycle. Transgenic lines exhibit reduced stomatal aperture than wild-type (WT). Nevertheless, an increased net CO2 fixation rate is observed, which results in less water consumption and more biomass production per water used. Transgenic lines export sugars to the phloem at higher rate than WT, which leads to higher sugars levels in phloem exudates and veins. Leaf quantitative proteomic profiling revealed drastic differences in proteins related to cell cycle, flowering, hormone signaling and carbon metabolism between transgenic lines and WT. We propose that the increased sugar export from leaves in the transgenic lines alleviates sugar negative feedback on photosynthesis and thus, stomatal closure takes place without a penalty in CO2 assimilation rate. This results in improved WUE and accelerated overall life cycle, key traits for plant productivity in the near future world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela L Müller
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María V Lara
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Pablo Oitaven
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carlos S Andreo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Verónica G Maurino
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - María F Drincovich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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38
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Signorelli S, Agudelo-Romero P, Meitha K, Foyer CH, Considine MJ. Roles for Light, Energy, and Oxygen in the Fate of Quiescent Axillary Buds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1171-1181. [PMID: 29203560 PMCID: PMC5813545 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Signorelli
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Patricia Agudelo-Romero
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay
| | - Karlia Meitha
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Considine
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Irrigated Agriculture Development, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, Western Australia 6151, Australia
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Primed primary metabolism in systemic leaves: a functional systems analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:216. [PMID: 29317679 PMCID: PMC5760635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants evolved mechanisms to counteract bacterial infection by preparing yet uninfected systemic tissues for an enhanced defense response, so-called systemic acquired resistance or priming responses. Primed leaves express a wide range of genes that enhance the defense response once an infection takes place. While hormone-driven defense signalling and defensive metabolites have been well studied, less focus has been set on the reorganization of primary metabolism in systemic leaves. Since primary metabolism plays an essential role during defense to provide energy and chemical building blocks, we investigated changes in primary metabolism at RNA and metabolite levels in systemic leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana plants that were locally infected with Pseudomonas syringae. Known defense genes were still activated 3–4 days after infection. Also primary metabolism was significantly altered. Nitrogen (N)-metabolism and content of amino acids and other N-containing metabolites were significantly reduced, whereas the organic acids fumarate and malate were strongly increased. We suggest that reduction of N-metabolites in systemic leaves primes defense against bacterial infection by reducing the nutritional value of systemic tissue. Increased organic acids serve as quickly available metabolic resources of energy and carbon-building blocks for the production of defense metabolites during subsequent secondary infections.
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Su J, Zhang M, Zhang L, Sun T, Liu Y, Lukowitz W, Xu J, Zhang S. Regulation of Stomatal Immunity by Interdependent Functions of a Pathogen-Responsive MPK3/MPK6 Cascade and Abscisic Acid. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:526-542. [PMID: 28254778 PMCID: PMC5385948 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is one of the earliest responses after plants sense an invading pathogen. Here, we show that MPK3 and MPK6, two Arabidopsis thaliana pathogen-responsive MAPKs, and their upstream MAPK kinases, MKK4 and MKK5, are essential to both stomatal and apoplastic immunity. Loss of function of MPK3 and MPK6, or their upstream MKK4 and MKK5, abolishes pathogen/microbe-associated molecular pattern- and pathogen-induced stomatal closure. Gain-of-function activation of MPK3/MPK6 induces stomatal closure independently of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling. In contrast, exogenously applied organic acids such as malate or citrate are able to reverse the stomatal closure induced by MPK3/MPK6 activation. Gene expression analysis and in situ enzyme activity staining revealed that malate metabolism increases in guard cells after activation of MPK3/MPK6 or inoculation of pathogen. In addition, pathogen-induced malate metabolism requires functional MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6. We propose that the pathogen-responsive MPK3/MPK6 cascade and ABA are two essential signaling pathways that control, respectively, the organic acid metabolism and ion channels, two main branches of osmotic regulation in guard cells that function interdependently to control stomatal opening/closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Su
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | | | - Tiefeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Wolfgang Lukowitz
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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Badia MB, Mans R, Lis AV, Tronconi MA, Arias CL, Maurino VG, Andreo CS, Drincovich MF, van Maris AJA, Gerrard Wheeler MC. Specific Arabidopsis thaliana malic enzyme isoforms can provide anaplerotic pyruvate carboxylation function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS J 2017; 284:654-665. [PMID: 28075062 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
NAD(P)-malic enzyme (NAD(P)-ME) catalyzes the reversible oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate, CO2 , and NAD(P)H and is present as a multigene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. The carboxylation reaction catalyzed by purified recombinant Arabidopsis NADP-ME proteins is faster than those reported for other animal or plant isoforms. In contrast, no carboxylation activity could be detected in vitro for the NAD-dependent counterparts. In order to further investigate their putative carboxylating role in vivo, Arabidopsis NAD(P)-ME isoforms, as well as the NADP-ME2del2 (with a decreased ability to carboxylate pyruvate) and NADP-ME2R115A (lacking fumarate activation) versions, were functionally expressed in the cytosol of pyruvate carboxylase-negative (Pyc- ) Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. The heterologous expression of NADP-ME1, NADP-ME2 (and its mutant proteins), and NADP-ME3 restored the growth of Pyc- S. cerevisiae on glucose, and this capacity was dependent on the availability of CO2 . On the other hand, NADP-ME4, NAD-ME1, and NAD-ME2 could not rescue the Pyc- strains from C4 auxotrophy. NADP-ME carboxylation activity could be measured in leaf crude extracts of knockout and overexpressing Arabidopsis lines with modified levels of NADP-ME, where this activity was correlated with the amount of NADP-ME2 transcript. These results indicate that specific A. thaliana NADP-ME isoforms are able to play an anaplerotic role in vivo and provide a basis for the study on the carboxylating activity of NADP-ME, which may contribute to the synthesis of C4 compounds and redox shuttling in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Beatriz Badia
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Robert Mans
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Alicia V Lis
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.,Biochemical Engineering Institute, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcos Ariel Tronconi
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cintia Lucía Arias
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Verónica Graciela Maurino
- Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carlos Santiago Andreo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Fabiana Drincovich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Antonius J A van Maris
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.,Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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Tan KWM, Lee YK. The dilemma for lipid productivity in green microalgae: importance of substrate provision in improving oil yield without sacrificing growth. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:255. [PMID: 27895709 PMCID: PMC5120525 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Rising oil prices and concerns over climate change have resulted in more emphasis on research into renewable biofuels from microalgae. Unlike plants, green microalgae have higher biomass productivity, will not compete with food and agriculture, and do not require fertile land for cultivation. However, microalgae biofuels currently suffer from high capital and operating costs due to low yields and costly extraction methods. Microalgae grown under optimal conditions produce large amounts of biomass but with low neutral lipid content, while microalgae grown in nutrient starvation accumulate high levels of neutral lipids but are slow growing. Producing lipids while maintaining high growth rates is vital for biofuel production because high biomass productivity increases yield per harvest volume while high lipid content decreases the cost of extraction per unit product. Therefore, there is a need for metabolic engineering of microalgae to constitutively produce high amounts of lipids without sacrificing growth. Substrate availability is a rate-limiting step in balancing growth and fatty acid (FA) production because both biomass and FA synthesis pathways compete for the same substrates, namely acetyl-CoA and NADPH. In this review, we discuss the efforts made for improving biofuel production in plants and microorganisms, the challenges faced in achieving lipid productivity, and the important role of precursor supply for FA synthesis. The main focus is placed on the enzymes which catalyzed the reactions supplying acetyl-CoA and NADPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Wei Min Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Yuan Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
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43
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Santelia D, Lawson T. Rethinking Guard Cell Metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:1371-1392. [PMID: 27609861 PMCID: PMC5100799 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stomata control gaseous fluxes between the internal leaf air spaces and the external atmosphere and, therefore, play a pivotal role in regulating CO2 uptake for photosynthesis as well as water loss through transpiration. Guard cells, which flank the stomata, undergo adjustments in volume, resulting in changes in pore aperture. Stomatal opening is mediated by the complex regulation of ion transport and solute biosynthesis. Ion transport is exceptionally well understood, whereas our knowledge of guard cell metabolism remains limited, despite several decades of research. In this review, we evaluate the current literature on metabolism in guard cells, particularly the roles of starch, sucrose, and malate. We explore the possible origins of sucrose, including guard cell photosynthesis, and discuss new evidence that points to multiple processes and plasticity in guard cell metabolism that enable these cells to function effectively to maintain optimal stomatal aperture. We also discuss the new tools, techniques, and approaches available for further exploring and potentially manipulating guard cell metabolism to improve plant water use and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Santelia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (D.S.); and
- School of Biological Science, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom (T.L.)
| | - Tracy Lawson
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (D.S.); and
- School of Biological Science, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom (T.L.)
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Gerrard Wheeler MC, Arias CL, Righini S, Badia MB, Andreo CS, Drincovich MF, Saigo M. Differential Contribution of Malic Enzymes during Soybean and Castor Seeds Maturation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158040. [PMID: 27347875 PMCID: PMC4922584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Malic enzymes (ME) catalyze the decarboxylation of malate generating pyruvate, CO2 and NADH or NADPH. In some organisms it has been established that ME is involved in lipids biosynthesis supplying carbon skeletons and reducing power. In this work we studied the MEs of soybean and castor, metabolically different oilseeds. The comparison of enzymatic activities, transcript profiles and organic acid contents suggest different metabolic strategies operating in soybean embryo and castor endosperm in order to generate precursors for lipid biosynthesis. In castor, the malate accumulation pattern agrees with a central role of this metabolite in the provision of carbon to plastids, where the biosynthesis of fatty acids occurs. In this regard, the genome of castor possesses a single gene encoding a putative plastidic NADP-ME, whose expression level is high when lipid deposition is active. On the other hand, NAD-ME showed an important contribution to the maturation of soybean embryos, perhaps driving the carbon relocation from mitochondria to plastids to support the fatty acids synthesis in the last stages of seed filling. These findings provide new insights into intermediary metabolism in oilseeds and provide new biotechnological targets to improve oil yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Claudia Gerrard Wheeler
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Cintia Lucía Arias
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Silvana Righini
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mariana Beatriz Badia
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos Santiago Andreo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Fabiana Drincovich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mariana Saigo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
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45
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Kuźniak E, Kornas A, Kaźmierczak A, Rozpądek P, Nosek M, Kocurek M, Zellnig G, Müller M, Miszalski Z. Photosynthesis-related characteristics of the midrib and the interveinal lamina in leaves of the C3-CAM intermediate plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 117:1141-51. [PMID: 27091507 PMCID: PMC4904173 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Leaf veins are usually encircled by specialized bundle sheath cells. In C4 plants, they play an important role in CO2 assimilation, and the photosynthetic activity is compartmentalized between the mesophyll and the bundle sheath. In C3 and CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) plants, the photosynthetic activity is generally attributed to the leaf mesophyll cells, and the vascular parenchymal cells are rarely considered for their role in photosynthesis. Recent studies demonstrate that enzymes required for C4 photosynthesis are also active in the veins of C3 plants, and their vascular system contains photosynthetically competent parenchyma cells. However, our understanding of photosynthesis in veins of C3 and CAM plants still remains insufficient. Here spatial analysis of photosynthesis-related properties were applied to the midrib and the interveinal lamina cells in leaves of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, a C3-CAM intermediate plant. METHODS The midrib anatomy as well as chloroplast structure and chlorophyll fluorescence, diurnal gas exchange profiles, the immunoblot patterns of PEPC (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) and RubisCO (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), H2O2 localization and antioxidant enzyme activities were compared in the midrib and in the interveinal mesophyll cells in leaves of C3 and CAM plants. KEY RESULTS Leaf midribs were structurally competent to perform photosynthesis in C3 and CAM plants. The midrib chloroplasts resembled those in the bundle sheath cells of C4 plants and were characterized by limited photosynthetic activity. CONCLUSIONS The metabolic roles of midrib chloroplasts differ in C3 and CAM plants. It is suggested that in leaves of C3 plants the midrib chloroplasts could be involved in the supply of CO2 for carboxylation, and in CAM plants they could provide malate to different metabolic processes and mediate H2O2 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Kuźniak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kornas
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Rozpądek
- Institute of Environmental Science, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland, Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Nosek
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Kocurek
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Günther Zellnig
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 51, A-8010 Graz, Austria and
| | - Maria Müller
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 51, A-8010 Graz, Austria and
| | - Zbigniew Miszalski
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland, Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Singh R, Dangol S, Chen Y, Choi J, Cho YS, Lee JE, Choi MO, Jwa NS. Magnaporthe oryzae Effector AVR-Pii Helps to Establish Compatibility by Inhibition of the Rice NADP-Malic Enzyme Resulting in Disruption of Oxidative Burst and Host Innate Immunity. Mol Cells 2016; 39:426-38. [PMID: 27126515 PMCID: PMC4870191 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant disease resistance occurs as a hypersensitive response (HR) at the site of attempted pathogen invasion. This specific event is initiated in response to recognition of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and subsequent PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Both PTI and ETI mechanisms are tightly connected with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and disease resistance that involves distinct biphasic ROS production as one of its pivotal plant immune responses. This unique oxidative burst is strongly dependent on the resistant cultivars because a monophasic ROS burst is a hallmark of the susceptible cultivars. However, the cause of the differential ROS burst remains unknown. In the study here, we revealed the plausible underlying mechanism of the differential ROS burst through functional understanding of the Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) AVR effector, AVR-Pii. We performed yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening using AVR-Pii as bait and isolated rice NADP-malic enzyme2 (Os-NADP-ME2) as the rice target protein. To our surprise, deletion of the rice Os-NADP-ME2 gene in a resistant rice cultivar disrupted innate immunity against the rice blast fungus. Malic enzyme activity and inhibition studies demonstrated that AVR-Pii proteins specifically inhibit in vitro NADP-ME activity. Overall, we demonstrate that rice blast fungus, M. oryzae attenuates the host ROS burst via AVR-Pii-mediated inhibition of Os-NADP-ME2, which is indispensable in ROS metabolism for the innate immunity of rice. This characterization of the regulation of the host oxidative burst will help to elucidate how the products of AVR genes function associated with virulence of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksha Singh
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747,
Korea
| | - Sarmina Dangol
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747,
Korea
| | - Yafei Chen
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747,
Korea
| | - Jihyun Choi
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747,
Korea
| | - Yoon-Seong Cho
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747,
Korea
| | - Jea-Eun Lee
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747,
Korea
| | - Mi-Ok Choi
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747,
Korea
| | - Nam-Soo Jwa
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747,
Korea
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Bailey KJ, Leegood RC. Nitrogen recycling from the xylem in rice leaves: dependence upon metabolism and associated changes in xylem hydraulics. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2901-11. [PMID: 27053722 PMCID: PMC4861031 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of amino acids in the guttation fluid and in the xylem exudates of cut leaves from intact plants provide evidence of the remarkable efficiency with which these nitrogenous compounds are reabsorbed from the xylem sap. This could be achieved by mechanisms involving intercellular transport and/or metabolism. Developmental changes in transcripts and protein showed that transcripts for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) increased from the base to the leaf tip, and were markedly increased by supplying asparagine. Supplying amino acids also increased the amounts of protein of PEPCK and, to a lesser extent, of pyruvate, Pi dikinase. PEPCK is present in the hydathodes, stomata and vascular parenchyma of rice leaves. Evidence for the role of PEPCK was obtained by using 3-mercaptopicolinic acid (MPA), a specific inhibitor of PEPCK, and by using an activation-tagged rice line that had an increase in PEPCK activity, to show that activation of PEPCK resulted in a decrease in N in the guttation fluid and that treatment by MPA resulted in an increase in amino acids in the guttation fluid and xylem sap towards the leaf tip. Furthermore, increasing PEPCK activity decreased the amount of guttation fluid, whereas decreasing PEPCK activity increased the amount of xylem sap or guttation fluid towards the leaf tip. The findings suggest the following hypotheses: (i) both metabolism and transport are involved in xylem recycling and (ii) excess N is the signal involved in modulating xylem hydraulics, perhaps via nutrient regulation of water-transporting aquaporins. Water relations and vascular metabolism and transport are thus intimately linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Bailey
- Robert Hill Institute and Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Richard C Leegood
- Robert Hill Institute and Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Mostafa I, Zhu N, Yoo MJ, Balmant KM, Misra BB, Dufresne C, Abou-Hashem M, Chen S, El-Domiaty M. New nodes and edges in the glucosinolate molecular network revealed by proteomics and metabolomics of Arabidopsis myb28/29 and cyp79B2/B3 glucosinolate mutants. J Proteomics 2016; 138:1-19. [PMID: 26915584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Glucosinolates present in Brassicales are important for human health and plant defense against insects and pathogens. Here we investigate the proteomes and metabolomes of Arabidopsis myb28/29 and cyp79B2/B3 mutants deficient in aliphatic glucosinolates and indolic glucosinolates, respectively. Quantitative proteomics of the myb28/29 and cyp79B2/B3 mutants led to the identification of 2785 proteins, of which 142 proteins showed significant changes in the two mutants compared to wild type (WT). By mapping the differential proteins using STRING, we detected 59 new edges in the glucosinolate metabolic network. These connections can be classified as primary with direct roles in glucosinolate metabolism, secondary related to plant stress responses, and tertiary involved in other biological processes. Gene Ontology analysis of the differential proteins showed high level of enrichment in the nodes belonging to metabolic process including glucosinolate biosynthesis and response to stimulus. Using metabolomics, we quantified 292 metabolites covering a broad spectrum of metabolic pathways, and 89 exhibited differential accumulation patterns between the mutants and WT. The changing metabolites (e.g., γ-glutamyl amino acids, auxins and glucosinolate hydrolysis products) complement our proteomics findings. This study contributes toward engineering and breeding of glucosinolate profiles in plants in efforts to improve human health, crop quality and productivity. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Glucosinolates in Brassicales constitute an important group of natural metabolites important for plant defense and human health. Its biosynthetic pathways and transcriptional regulation have been well-studied. Using Arabidopsis mutants of important genes in glucosinolate biosynthesis, quantitative proteomics and metabolomics led to identification of many proteins and metabolites that are potentially related to glucosinolate metabolism. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the molecular networks of glucosinolate metabolism, and will facilitate efforts toward engineering and breeding of glucosinolate profiles for enhanced crop defense, and nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Mostafa
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mi-Jeong Yoo
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kelly M Balmant
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Biswapriya B Misra
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Craig Dufresne
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, West Palm Beach, FL 33407, USA
| | - Maged Abou-Hashem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Maher El-Domiaty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Genome-wide identification, classification, and analysis of NADP-ME family members from 12 crucifer species. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:1167-80. [PMID: 26839002 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
NADP-dependent malic enzymes (NADP-MEs) play essential roles in both normal development and stress responses in plants. Here, genome-wide analysis was performed to identify 65 putative NADP-ME genes from 12 crucifer species. These NADP-ME genes were grouped into five categories of syntenic orthologous genes and were divided into three clades of a phylogenic tree. Promoter motif analysis showed that NADP-ME1 genes in Group IV were more conserved with each other than the other NADP-ME genes in Groups I and II. A nucleotide motif involved in ABA responses, desiccation and seed development was found in the promoters of most NADP-ME1 genes. Generally, the NADP-ME genes of Brassica rapa, B. oleracea and B. napus had less introns than their corresponding Arabidopsis orthologs. In these three Brassica species, the NADP-ME genes derived from the least fractionated subgenome have lost less introns than those from the medium fractionated and most fractionated subgenomes. BrNADP-ME1 showed the highest expression in petals and mature embryos. Two paralogous NADP-ME2 genes (BrNADP-ME2a and BrNADP-ME2b) shared similar expression profiles and differential expression levels. BrNADP-ME3 showed down-regulation during embryogenesis and reached its lowest expression in early cotyledonary embryos. BrNADP-ME4 was expressed widely in multiple organs and showed high expression during the whole embryogenesis process. Different NADP-ME genes of B. rapa showed differential gene expression profiles in young leaves after ABA treatment or cold stress. Our genome-wide identification and characterization of NADP-ME genes extend our understanding of the evolution or function of this family in Brassicaceae.
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Wehner G, Balko C, Humbeck K, Zyprian E, Ordon F. Expression profiling of genes involved in drought stress and leaf senescence in juvenile barley. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:3. [PMID: 26733420 PMCID: PMC4702385 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress in juvenile stages of crop development and premature leaf senescence induced by drought stress have an impact on biomass production and yield formation of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Therefore, in order to get information of regulatory processes involved in the adaptation to drought stress and leaf senescence expression analyses of candidate genes were conducted on a set of 156 barley genotypes in early developmental stages, and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) were identified by a genome wide association study. RESULTS Significant effects of genotype and treatment were detected for leaf colour measured at BBCH 25 as an indicator of leaf senescence and for the expression level of the genes analysed. Furthermore, significant correlations were detected within the group of genes involved in drought stress (r = 0.84) and those acting in leaf senescence (r = 0.64), as well as between leaf senescence genes and the leaf colour (r = 0.34). Based on these expression data and 3,212 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with a minor allele frequency >5% derived from the Illumina 9 k iSelect SNP Chip, eight cis eQTL and seven trans eQTL were found. Out of these an eQTL located on chromosome 3H at 142.1 cM is of special interest harbouring two drought stress genes (GAD3 and P5CS2) and one leaf senescence gene (Contig7437), as well as an eQTL on chromosome 5H at 44.5 cM in which two genes (TRIUR3 and AVP1) were identified to be associated to drought stress tolerance in a previous study. CONCLUSION With respect to the expression of genes involved in drought stress and early leaf senescence, genotypic differences exist in barley. Major eQTL for the expression of these genes are located on barley chromosome 3H and 5H. Respective markers may be used in future barley breeding programmes for improving tolerance to drought stress and leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolin Wehner
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3, 18190, Sanitz, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN), Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle, Germany.
| | - Christiane Balko
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3, 18190, Sanitz, Germany.
| | - Klaus Humbeck
- Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN), Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle, Germany.
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology, Weinbergweg 10, 06120, Halle, Germany.
| | - Eva Zyprian
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding, Geilweilerhof, 76833, Siebeldingen, Germany.
| | - Frank Ordon
- Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN), Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle, Germany.
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany.
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