1
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Li S, He L, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Han X, Hu Y, Jiang Y. INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1 promotes cold-enhanced immunity by directly activating salicylic acid signaling. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2587-2606. [PMID: 38536743 PMCID: PMC11218786 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Cold stress affects plant immune responses, and this process may involve the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway. However, the underlying mechanism by which low-temperature signals coordinate with SA signaling to regulate plant immunity remains unclear. Here, we found that low temperatures enhanced the disease resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. This process required INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1 (ICE1), the core transcription factor in cold-signal cascades. ICE1 physically interacted with NONEXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1), the master regulator of the SA signaling pathway. Enrichment of ICE1 on the PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE 1 (PR1) promoter and its ability to transcriptionally activate PR1 were enhanced by NPR1. Further analyses revealed that cold stress signals cooperate with SA signals to facilitate plant immunity against pathogen attack in an ICE1-dependent manner. Cold treatment promoted interactions of NPR1 and TGACG-BINDING FACTOR 3 (TGA3) with ICE1 and increased the ability of the ICE1-TGA3 complex to transcriptionally activate PR1. Together, our results characterize a critical role of ICE1 as an indispensable regulatory node linking low-temperature-activated and SA-regulated immunity. Understanding this crucial role of ICE1 in coordinating multiple signals associated with immunity broadens our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yongping Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xiao Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yanru Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yanjuan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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2
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Yang L. Bridging the perception: ICE1 links cold sensing and salicylic acid signaling. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2457-2458. [PMID: 38598662 PMCID: PMC11218770 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Leiyun Yang
- Assistant Features Editor, The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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3
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Tian M, Dai Y, Noman M, Li R, Li X, Wu X, Wang H, Song F, Li D. Genome-wide characterization and functional analysis of the melon TGA gene family in disease resistance through ectopic overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108784. [PMID: 38823093 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
TGA-binding (TGA) transcription factors, characterized by the basic region/leucine zipper motif (bZIP), have been recognized as pivotal regulators in plant growth, development, and stress responses through their binding to the as-1 element. In this study, the TGA gene families in melon, watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin, and zucchini were comprehensively characterized, encompassing analyses of gene/protein structures, phylogenetic relationships, gene duplication events, and cis-acting elements in gene promoters. Upon transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, the melon CmTGAs, with typical bZIP and DOG1 domains, were observed to localize within the nucleus. Biochemical investigation revealed specific interactions between CmTGA2/3/5/8/9 and CmNPR3 or CmNPR4. The CmTGA genes exhibited differential expression patterns in melon plants in response to different hormones like salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and ethylene, as well as a fungal pathogen, Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum that causes gummy stem blight in melon. The overexpression of CmTGA3, CmTGA8, and CmTGA9 in Arabidopsis plants resulted in the upregulation of AtPR1 and AtPR5 expression, thereby imparting enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000. In contrast, the overexpression of CmTGA7 or CmTGA9 resulted in a compromised resistance to Botrytis cinerea, coinciding with a concomitant reduction in the expression levels of AtPDF1.2 and AtMYC2 following infection with B. cinerea. These findings shed light on the important roles of specific CmTGA genes in plant immunity, suggesting that genetic manipulation of these genes could be a promising avenue for enhancing plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tian
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yujie Dai
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Ruotong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Fengming Song
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Dayong Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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4
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Duan Y, Xu Z, Liu H, Wang Y, Zou X, Zhang Z, Xu L, Xu M. Genome-Wide Identification of the TGA Gene Family and Expression Analysis under Drought Stress in Brassica napus L. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6355. [PMID: 38928064 PMCID: PMC11203523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
TGA transcription factors belong to Group D of the bZIP transcription factors family and play vital roles in the stress response of plants. Brassica napus is an oil crop with rich economic value. However, a systematic analysis of TGA gene family members in B. napus has not yet been reported. In this study, we identified 39 full-length TGA genes in B. napus, renamed TGA1~TGA39. Thirty-nine BnTGA genes were distributed on 18 chromosomes, mainly located in the nucleus, and differences were observed in their 3D structures. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 39 BnTGA genes could be divided into five groups. The BnTGA genes in the same group had similar structure and motif compositions, and all the BnTGA genes had the same conserved bZIP and DOG1 domains. Phylogenetic and synteny analysis showed that the BnTGA genes had a close genetic relationship with the TGA genes of the Brassica juncea, and BnTGA11 and BnTGA29 may play an important role in evolution. In addition, qRT-PCR revealed that three genes (BnTGA14/17/23) showed significant changes in eight experimental materials after drought treatment. Meanwhile, it can be inferred from the results of drought treatment on different varieties of rapeseed that the stress tolerance of parental rapeseed can be transmitted to the offspring through hybridization. In short, these findings have promoted the understanding of the B. napus TGA gene family and will contribute to future research aimed at B. napus resistant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Duan
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.D.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zishu Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.D.); (Z.X.)
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Leshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Leshan 614000, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xudong Zou
- Leshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Leshan 614000, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Leshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Leshan 614000, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ling Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.D.); (Z.X.)
| | - Mingchao Xu
- Leshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Leshan 614000, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
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5
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Shrestha K, Huang J, Yan L, Doust AN, Huang Y. Integrated transcriptomic and pathway analyses of sorghum plants revealed the molecular mechanisms of host defense against aphids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1324085. [PMID: 38903420 PMCID: PMC11187118 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1324085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Sugarcane aphid has emerged as a major pest of sorghum recently, and a few sorghum accessions were identified for resistance to this aphid so far. However, the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying this resistance are still unclear. To understand these mechanisms, transcriptomics was conducted in resistant Tx2783 and susceptible BTx623 sorghum genotypes infested with sugarcane aphids. A principal component analysis revealed differences in the transcriptomic profiles of the two genotypes. The pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicated the upregulation of a set of genes related to signal perception (nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat proteins), signal transduction [mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling, salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA)], and plant defense (transcription factors, flavonoids, and terpenoids). The upregulation of the selected DEGs was verified by real-time quantitative PCR data analysis, performed on the resistant and susceptible genotypes. A phytohormone bioassay experiment showed a decrease in aphid population, plant mortality, and damage in the susceptible genotype when treated with JA and SA. Together, the results indicate that the set of genes, pathways, and defense compounds is involved in host plant resistance to aphids. These findings shed light on the specific role of each DEG, thus advancing our understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms of host plant resistance to aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Shrestha
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Liuling Yan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Andrew N. Doust
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Yinghua Huang
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Plant Science Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Stillwater, OK, United States
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Nabi Z, Manzoor S, Nabi SU, Wani TA, Gulzar H, Farooq M, Arya VM, Baloch FS, Vlădulescu C, Popescu SM, Mansoor S. Pattern-Triggered Immunity and Effector-Triggered Immunity: crosstalk and cooperation of PRR and NLR-mediated plant defense pathways during host-pathogen interactions. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:587-604. [PMID: 38737322 PMCID: PMC11087456 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01452-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The elucidation of the molecular basis underlying plant-pathogen interactions is imperative for the development of sustainable resistance strategies against pathogens. Plants employ a dual-layered immunological detection and response system wherein cell surface-localized Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) and intracellular Nucleotide-Binding Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptors (NLRs) play pivotal roles in initiating downstream signalling cascades in response to pathogen-derived chemicals. Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI) is associated with PRRs and is activated by the recognition of conserved molecular structures, known as Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns. When PTI proves ineffective due to pathogenic effectors, Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI) frequently confers resistance. In ETI, host plants utilize NLRs to detect pathogen effectors directly or indirectly, prompting a rapid and more robust defense response. Additionally epigenetic mechanisms are participating in plant immune memory. Recently developed technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 helps in exposing novel prospects in plant pathogen interactions. In this review we explore the fascinating crosstalk and cooperation between PRRs and NLRs. We discuss epigenomic processes and CRISPR/Cas9 regulating immune response in plants and recent findings that shed light on the coordination of these defense layers. Furthermore, we also have discussed the intricate interactions between the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signalling pathways in plants, offering insights into potential synergistic interactions that would be harnessed for the development of novel and sustainable resistance strategies against diverse group of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarka Nabi
- Division of Plant Pathology, FOA-SKUAST-K, Wadura, 193201 India
| | - Subaya Manzoor
- Division of Plant Pathology, FOA-SKUAST-K, Wadura, 193201 India
| | - Sajad Un Nabi
- ICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, 191132 India
| | | | - Humira Gulzar
- Division of Plant Pathology, FOA-SKUAST-K, Wadura, 193201 India
| | - Mehreena Farooq
- Division of Plant Pathology, FOH-SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, 190025 India
| | - Vivak M. Arya
- Division of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India
| | - Faheem Shehzad Baloch
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mersin University, 33100 Yenişehir, Mersin Turkey
| | - Carmen Vlădulescu
- Department of Biology and Environmental Engineering, University of Craiova, A. I. Cuza 13, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Simona Mariana Popescu
- Department of Biology and Environmental Engineering, University of Craiova, A. I. Cuza 13, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
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7
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Guan F, Shi B, Zhang J, Wan X. Metabolome Revealed the Potential Mechanism of Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Bitter Gourd ( Momordica charantia) Based on Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:920-929. [PMID: 37814516 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1371-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt fungus infection of bitter gourd, a major melon vegetable crop, results in massive yield reduction. Through extensive testing, some Fusarium wilt-resistant bitter melon varieties have been produced, but the molecular mechanism of their resistance to the fungus remains unknown. Importantly, after bitter melon plants are infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. momordicae (FOM), apart from altering their gene expression levels, numerous metabolites are produced because of the interaction with the fungus. In the current study, an untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed to investigate the metabolic difference between resistant and susceptible bitter gourd varieties at various timepoints postinoculation with FOM based on liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. A total of 1,595 positive ion mode and 922 negative ion mode metabolites were identified. Between the resistant and susceptible bitter gourd varieties, 213 unique differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) were identified, and they were mainly enriched in the alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathway. By comparing the postinoculation with preinoculation timepoints in the resistant and susceptible bitter gourd varieties, 93 and 159 DAMs were identified, respectively. These DAMs were mainly related to beta-alanine metabolism, among others. Multiple metabolites in the biosynthesis of the phenylpropanoid pathway showed greater variability in the susceptible than the resistant varieties, which may be related to senescence and mortality in the susceptible variety. These results provide new insights into the understanding of metabolite changes after FOM infection and a theoretical foundation for the elucidation of the bitter gourd disease resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Bo Shi
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiangyun Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinjian Wan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
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8
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Zhao Y, Han Q, Zhang D. Recent Advances in the Crosstalk between Brassinosteroids and Environmental Stimuli. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024:pcae024. [PMID: 38578169 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Due to their sessile lifestyle, plants need to optimize their growth in order to adapt to ever-changing environments. Plants receive stimuli from the environment and convert them into cellular responses. Brassinosteroids (BRs), as growth-promoting steroid hormones, play a significant role in the tradeoff between growth and environmental responses. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary for understanding the crosstalk between BR and various environmental stresses, including water availability, temperature fluctuations, salinization, nutrient deficiencies and diseases. We also highlight the bottlenecks that need to be addressed in future studies. Ultimately, we suppose to improve plant environmental adaptability and crop yield by excavating natural BR mutants or modifying BR signaling and its targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qing Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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9
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Aci MM, Tsalgatidou PC, Boutsika A, Dalianis A, Michaliou M, Delis C, Tsitsigiannis DI, Paplomatas E, Malacrinò A, Schena L, Zambounis A. Comparative transcriptome profiling and co-expression network analysis uncover the key genes associated with pear petal defense responses against Monilinia laxa infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1377937. [PMID: 38516670 PMCID: PMC10954844 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1377937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Pear brown rot and blossom blight caused by Monilinia laxa seriously affect pear production worldwide. Here, we compared the transcriptomic profiles of petals after inoculation with M. laxa using two pear cultivars with different levels of sensitivity to disease (Sissy, a relatively tolerant cultivar, and Kristalli, a highly susceptible cultivar). Physiological indexes were also monitored in the petals of both cultivars at 2 h and 48 h after infection (2 HAI and 48 HAI). RNA-seq data and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) allowed the identification of key genes and pathways involved in immune- and defense-related responses that were specific for each cultivar in a time-dependent manner. In particular, in the Kristalli cultivar, a significant transcriptome reprogramming occurred early at 2 HAI and was accompanied either by suppression of key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the modulation of any defense responses or by activation of DEGs acting as sensitivity factors promoting susceptibility. In contrast to the considerably high number of DEGs induced early in the Kristalli cultivar, upregulation of specific DEGs involved in pathogen perception and signal transduction, biosynthesis of secondary and primary metabolism, and other defense-related responses was delayed in the Sissy cultivar, occurring at 48 HAI. The WGCNA highlighted one module that was significantly and highly correlated to the relatively tolerant cultivar. Six hub genes were identified within this module, including three WRKY transcription factor-encoding genes: WRKY 65 (pycom05g27470), WRKY 71 (pycom10g22220), and WRKY28 (pycom17g13130), which may play a crucial role in enhancing the tolerance of pear petals to M. laxa. Our results will provide insights into the interplay of the molecular mechanisms underlying immune responses of petals at the pear-M. laxa pathosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Miyassa Aci
- Department of Agriculture, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | | | - Anastasia Boutsika
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Dalianis
- Laboratory of Vegetable Crops, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Michaliou
- Laboratory of Vegetable Crops, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Costas Delis
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata, Greece
| | - Dimitrios I. Tsitsigiannis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Epaminondas Paplomatas
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonino Malacrinò
- Department of Agriculture, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Leonardo Schena
- Department of Agriculture, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Antonios Zambounis
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, Thessaloniki, Greece
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10
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Ye D, Zhang S, Gao X, Li X, Jin X, Shi M, Kai G, Zhou W. Mining of disease-resistance genes in Crocus sativus based on transcriptome sequencing. Front Genet 2024; 15:1349626. [PMID: 38370513 PMCID: PMC10869511 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1349626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Crocus sativus L. has an important medicinal and economic value in traditional perennial Chinese medicine. However, due to its unique growth characteristics, during cultivation it is highly susceptible to disease. The absence of effective resistance genes restricts us to breed new resistant varieties of C. sativus. Methods: In present study, comprehensive transcriptome sequencing was introduced to explore the disease resistance of the candidate gene in healthy and corm rot-infected C. sativus. Results and discussion: Totally, 43.72 Gb of clean data was obtained from the assembly to generate 65,337 unigenes. By comparing the gene expression levels, 7,575 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were primarily screened. A majority of the DEGs were completely in charge of defense and metabolism, and 152 of them were annotated as pathogen recognition genes (PRGs) based on the PGRdb dataset. The expression of some transcription factors including NAC, MYB, and WRKY members, changed significantly based on the dataset of transcriptome sequencing. Therefore, this study provides us some valuable information for exploring candidate genes involved in the disease resistance in C. sativus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiankui Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Zhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Huang LJ, Yang W, Chen J, Yu P, Wang Y, Li N. Molecular identification and functional characterization of an environmental stress responsive glutaredoxin gene ROXY1 in Quercus glauca. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108367. [PMID: 38237422 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Quercus glauca is a valuable natural resource with both economic and ecological values. It is one of the dominant forest tree species widely distributed in Southern China. As a perennial broadleaf plant, Q. glauca inevitably encounters numerous stresses from environment. Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are a kind of small oxidoreductases that play an important role in response to oxidative stress. CC-type GRXs also known as ROXYs are specific to land plants. In this study, we isolated a CC-type GRX gene, QgROXY1, from Q. glauca. Expression of QgROXY1 is induced by a variety of environmental stimuli. QgROXY1 protein localizes to both cytoplasm and nucleus; whereas the nucleus localized QgROXY1 could physically interact with the basic region/leucine zipper motif (bZIP) transcription factor AtTGA2 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Transgenic A. thaliana ectopically expressing QgROXY1 is hypersensitive to exogenously applied salicylic acid. Induction of plant defense gene is significantly impaired in QgROXY1 transgenic plants that results in enhanced susceptibility to infection of Botrytis cinerea pathogen, indicating the evolutionary conserved function among ROXY homologs in weedy and woody plants. This is the first described function for the ROXYs in tree plants. Through this case study, we demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of molecular technology applied to characterization of gene function in tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Huang
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Wenhai Yang
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
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12
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Chuan J, Nie J, Cooper WR, Chen W, Hale L, Li X. The functional decline of tomato plants infected by Candidatus Liberbacter solanacearum: an RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1325254. [PMID: 38362455 PMCID: PMC10867784 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1325254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso) is a regulated plant pathogen in European and some Asian countries, associated with severe diseases in economically important Apiaceous and Solanaceous crops, including potato, tomato, and carrot. Eleven haplotypes of CLso have been identified based on the difference in rRNA and conserved genes and host and pathogenicity. Although it is pathogenic to a wide range of plants, the mechanisms of plant response and functional decline of host plants are not well defined. This study aims to describe the underlying mechanism of the functional decline of tomato plants infected by CLso by analyzing the transcriptomic response of tomato plants to CLso haplotypes A and B. Methods Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data were generated from total RNA of tomato plants infected by CLso haplotypes A and B, and uninfected tomato plants, while qPCR analysis was used to validate the in-silico expression analysis. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathways were enriched using differentially expressed genes. Results Plants infected with CLso haplotype B saw 229 genes upregulated when compared to uninfected plants, while 1,135 were downregulated. Healthy tomato plants and plants infected by haplotype A had similar expression levels, which is consistent with the fact that CLso haplotype A does not show apparent symptoms in tomato plants. Photosynthesis and starch biosynthesis were impaired while starch amylolysis was promoted in plants infected by CLso haplotype B compared with uninfected plants. The changes in pathway gene expression suggest that carbohydrate consumption in infected plants was more extensive than accumulation. In addition, cell-wall-related genes, including steroid biosynthesis pathways, were downregulated in plants infected with CLso haplotype B suggesting a reduction in membrane fluidity, cell signaling, and defense against bacteria. In addition, genes in phenylpropanoid metabolism and DNA replication were generally suppressed by CLso infection, affecting plant growth and defense. Discussion This study provides insights into plants' defense and functional decline due to pathogenic CLso using whole transcriptome sequencing and qPCR validation. Our results show how tomato plants react in metabolic pathways during the deterioration caused by pathogenic CLso. Understanding the underlying mechanisms can enhance disease control and create opportunities for breeding resistant or tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Chuan
- Charlottetown Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
- Biology Department, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Jingbai Nie
- Charlottetown Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - William Rodney Cooper
- Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Wapato, WA, United States
| | - Wen Chen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence Hale
- Biology Department, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Xiang Li
- Charlottetown Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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13
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Gutsche N, Koczula J, Trupp M, Holtmannspötter M, Appelfeller M, Rupp O, Busch A, Zachgo S. MpTGA, together with MpNPR, regulates sexual reproduction and independently affects oil body formation in Marchantia polymorpha. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1559-1573. [PMID: 38095258 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In angiosperms, basic leucine-zipper (bZIP) TGACG-motif-binding (TGA) transcription factors (TFs) regulate developmental and stress-related processes, the latter often involving NON EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES (NPR) coregulator interactions. To gain insight into their functions in an early diverging land-plant lineage, the single MpTGA and sole MpNPR genes were investigated in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. We generated Marchantia MpTGA and MpNPR knockout and overexpression mutants and conducted morphological, transcriptomic and expression studies. Furthermore, we investigated MpTGA interactions with wild-type and mutagenized MpNPR and expanded our analyses including TGA TFs from two streptophyte algae. Mptga mutants fail to induce the switch from vegetative to reproductive development and lack gametangiophore formation. MpTGA and MpNPR proteins interact and Mpnpr mutant analysis reveals a novel coregulatory NPR role in sexual reproduction. Additionally, MpTGA acts independently of MpNPR as a repressor of oil body (OB) formation and can thereby affect herbivory. The single MpTGA TF exerts a dual role in sexual reproduction and OB formation in Marchantia. Common activities of MpTGA/MpNPR in sexual development suggest that coregulatory interactions were established after emergence of land-plant-specific NPR genes and contributed to the diversification of TGA TF functions during land-plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Gutsche
- Division of Botany, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jens Koczula
- Division of Botany, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Melanie Trupp
- Division of Botany, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Michael Holtmannspötter
- Department of Biology and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Rupp
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrea Busch
- Division of Botany, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sabine Zachgo
- Division of Botany, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
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14
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Lu C, Liu X, Tang Y, Fu Y, Zhang J, Yang L, Li P, Zhu Z, Dong P. A comprehensive review of TGA transcription factors in plant growth, stress responses, and beyond. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128880. [PMID: 38141713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
TGA transcription factors (TFs), belonging to the D clade of the basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) family, exhibit a specific ability to recognize and bind to regulatory elements with TGACG as the core recognition sequence, enabling the regulation of target gene expression and participation in various biological regulatory processes. In plant growth and development, TGA TFs influence organ traits and phenotypes, including initial root length and flowering time. They also play a vital role in responding to abiotic stresses like salt, drought, and cadmium exposure. Additionally, TGA TFs are involved in defending against potential biological stresses, such as fungal bacterial diseases and nematodes. Notably, TGA TFs are sensitive to the oxidative-reductive state within plants and participate in pathways that aid in the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during stressful conditions. TGA TFs also participate in multiple phytohormonal signaling pathways (ABA, SA, etc.). This review thoroughly examines the roles of TGA TFs in plant growth, development, and stress response. It also provides detailed insights into the mechanisms underlying their involvement in physiological and pathological processes, and their participation in plant hormone signaling. This multifaceted exploration distinguishes this review from others, offering a comprehensive understanding of TGA TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuqin Tang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yingqi Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jiaomei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Liting Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Peihua Li
- College of Agronomy, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan 615013, China
| | - Zhenglin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Pan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing 400716, China.
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15
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Zeng H, Zhu Q, Yuan P, Yan Y, Yi K, Du L. Calmodulin and calmodulin-like protein-mediated plant responses to biotic stresses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3680-3703. [PMID: 37575022 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a set of finely regulated mechanisms to respond to various biotic stresses. Transient changes in intracellular calcium (Ca2+ ) concentration have been well documented to act as cellular signals in coupling environmental stimuli to appropriate physiological responses with astonishing accuracy and specificity in plants. Calmodulins (CaMs) and calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are extensively characterized as important classes of Ca2+ sensors. The spatial-temporal coordination between Ca2+ transients, CaMs/CMLs and their target proteins is critical for plant responses to environmental stresses. Ca2+ -loaded CaMs/CMLs interact with and regulate a broad spectrum of target proteins, such as ion transporters (including channels, pumps, and antiporters), transcription factors, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, metabolic enzymes and proteins with unknown biological functions. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying how CaMs/CMLs are involved in the regulation of plant responses to diverse biotic stresses including pathogen infections and herbivore attacks. Recent discoveries of crucial functions of CaMs/CMLs and their target proteins in biotic stress resistance revealed through physiological, molecular, biochemical, and genetic analyses have been described, and intriguing insights into the CaM/CML-mediated regulatory network are proposed. Perspectives for future directions in understanding CaM/CML-mediated signalling pathways in plant responses to biotic stresses are discussed. The application of accumulated knowledge of CaM/CML-mediated signalling in biotic stress responses into crop cultivation would improve crop resistance to various biotic stresses and safeguard our food production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuqing Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiguo Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Keke Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Du
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Ding M, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Cai X, Zhang B, Ma P, Dong J. Salicylic acid regulates phenolic acid biosynthesis via SmNPR1-SmTGA2/SmNPR4 modules in Salvia miltiorrhiza. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5736-5751. [PMID: 37504514 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acids are the main active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza, which can be used for the treatment of many diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases. It is known that salicylic acid (SA) can enhance phenolic acid content, but the molecular mechanism of its regulation is still unclear. Nonexpresser of PR genes 1 (NPR1) plays a positive role in the SA signaling pathway. In this study, we identified a SmNPR1 gene that responds to SA induction and systematically investigated its function. We found that SmNPR1 positively affected phenolic acid biosynthesis. Then, we identified a novel TGA transcription factor, SmTGA2, which interacts with SmNPR1. SmTGA2 positively regulates phenolic acid biosynthesis by directly up-regulating SmCYP98A14 expression. After double-gene transgenic analysis and other biochemical assays, it was found that SmNPR1 and SmTGA2 work synergistically to regulate phenolic acid biosynthesis. In addition, SmNPR4 forms a heterodimer with SmNPR1 to inhibit the function of SmNPR1, and SA can alleviate this effect. Collectively, these findings elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of phenolic acid biosynthesis by SmNPR1-SmTGA2/SmNPR4 modules and provide novel insights into the SA signaling pathway regulating plant secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yongfeng Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaona Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Pengda Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Juane Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
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17
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Agho CA, Kaurilind E, Tähtjärv T, Runno-Paurson E, Niinemets Ü. Comparative transcriptome profiling of potato cultivars infected by late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans: Diversity of quantitative and qualitative responses. Genomics 2023; 115:110678. [PMID: 37406973 PMCID: PMC10548088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The Estonia potato cultivar Ando has shown elevated field resistance to Phytophthora infestans, even after being widely grown for over 40 years. A comprehensive transcriptional analysis was performed using RNA-seq from plant leaf tissues to gain insight into the mechanisms activated for the defense after infection. Pathogen infection in Ando resulted in about 5927 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared to 1161 DEGs in the susceptible cultivar Arielle. The expression levels of genes related to plant disease resistance such as serine/threonine kinase activity, signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, endocytosis, autophagy, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and others were significantly enriched in the upregulated DEGs in Ando, whereas in the susceptible cultivar, only the pathway related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was enriched in the upregulated DEGs. However, in response to infection, photosynthesis was deregulated in Ando. Multi-signaling pathways of the salicylic-jasmonic-ethylene biosynthesis pathway were also activated in response to Phytophthora infestans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Agho
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia.
| | - E Kaurilind
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - T Tähtjärv
- Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge, J. Aamisepa 1, 48309 Jõgeva, Estonia
| | - E Runno-Paurson
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Ü Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn 10130, Estonia
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18
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Li Z, Wen J, Jing Z, Li H, Huang J, Yuan C, Xian L, Gao L, Zhu J, Xie B, Tao Y. Low temperature, mechanical wound, and exogenous salicylic acid (SA) can stimulate the SA signaling molecule as well as its downstream pathway and the formation of fruiting bodies in Flammulina filiformis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1197498. [PMID: 37675426 PMCID: PMC10477995 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1197498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Low temperature (LT) and mechanical wound (MW), as two common physics methods, have been empirically used in production to stimulate the primordia formation of Flammulina filiformis, which is typically produced using the industrial production mode. However, the detailed effect on the fruiting body formation and important endogenous hormones and signaling pathways in this process is poorly understood. In this study, LT, MW, their combination, i.e., MW + LT, and low concentration of SA (0.1 mM SA) treatments were applied to the physiologically mature mycelia of F. filiformis. The results showed that the primordia under the four treatments began to appear on the 5th-6th days compared with the 12th day in the control (no treatment). The MW + LT treatment produced the largest number of primordia (1,859 per bottle), followed by MW (757), SA (141), and LT (22), compared with 47 per bottle in the control. The HPLC results showed that the average contents of endogenous SA were significantly increased by 1.3 to 2.6 times under four treatments. A total of 11 SA signaling genes were identified in the F. filiformis genome, including 4 NPR genes (FfNpr1-4), 5 TGA genes (FfTga1-5), and 2 PR genes (FfPr1-2). FfNpr3 with complete conserved domains (ANK and BTB/POZ) showed significantly upregulated expression under all four above treatments, while FfNpr1/2/4 with one domain showed significantly upregulated response expression under the partial treatment of all four treatments. FfTga1-5 and FfPr1-2 showed 1.6-fold to 8.5-fold significant upregulation with varying degrees in response to four treatments. The results suggested that there was a correlation between "low temperature/mechanical wound-SA signal-fruiting body formation", and it will help researchers to understand the role of SA hormone and SA signaling pathway genes in the formation of fruiting bodies in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin Wen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhuohan Jing
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiahua Huang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chengjin Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lijun Xian
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lingling Gao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Baogui Xie
- Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yongxin Tao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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19
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Xin J, Li Y, Zhao C, Ge W, Tian R. An integrated transcriptome, metabolomic, and physiological investigation uncovered the underlying tolerance mechanisms of Monochoria korsakowii in response to acute/chronic cadmium exposure. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107888. [PMID: 37442048 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the physiological response and tolerance mechanism of wetland plants to heavy metal exposure can provide theoretical guidance for an early warning for acute metal pollution and metal-contaminated water phytoremediation. A hydroponic experiment was employed to investigate variations in the antioxidant enzyme activity, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis in leaves of Monochoria korsakowii under 0.12 mM cadmium ion (Cd2+) acute (4 d) and chronic (21 d) exposure. Transcriptome and metabolome were analyzed to elucidate the underlying defensive strategies. The acute/chronic Cd2+ exposure decreased chlorophyll a and b contents, and disturbed photosynthesis in the leaves. The acute Cd2+ exposure increased catalase activity by 36.42%, while the chronic Cd2+ exposure markedly increased ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in the leaves. A total of 2 685 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the leaves were identified with the plants exposed to the acute/chronic Cd2+ contamination. In the acute Cd2+ exposure treatment, DEGs were preferentially enriched in the plant hormone transduction pathway, followed by phenylrpopanoid biosynthesis. However, the chronic Cd2+ exposure induced DEGs enriched in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites pathway as priority. With acute/chronic Cd2+ exposure, a total of 157 and 227 differentially expressed metabolites were identified in the leaves. Conjoint transcriptome and metabolome analysis indicated the plant hormone signal transduction pathway and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites was preferentially activated by the acute and chronic Cd2+ exposure, respectively. The phenylpropanoid pathway functioned as a chemical defense, and the positive role of deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway in leaves against acute/chronic Cd2+ exposure was impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpan Xin
- College of Architecture Landscape, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Architecture Landscape, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chu Zhao
- College of Architecture Landscape, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjia Ge
- College of Architecture Landscape, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runan Tian
- College of Architecture Landscape, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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20
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Wang XA, Gao Y, Jiang W, Wang L, Wang H, Ou X, Yang Y, Wu H, Guo L, Zhou T, Yuan QS. Comparative Analysis of the Expression of Resistance-Related Genes Respond to the Diversity Foliar Pathogens of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:298. [PMID: 37490157 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The foliar disease, which is the primary complex disease of Pseudostellaria heterophylla, can be caused by multiple co-infecting pathogens, resulting in a significant reduction in yield. However, there is a lack of research on the relationship between co-infection of various pathogens and the response of resistance-related genes in P. heterophylla. Through the use of 18S rDNA sequencing and pathogenicity testing, it has been determined that Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Arcopilus aureus, Botrytis cinerea, Nemania diffusa, Whalleya microplaca, and Cladosporium cladosporioides are co-infecting pathogens responsible for foliar diseases in P. heterophylla. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR analysis revealed that F. oxysporum, A. alternata, B. cinerea, A. aureus, N. diffusa, Schizophyllum commune, C. cladosporioides, and Coprinellus xanthothrix upregulated ten, two, three, four, seven, thirteen, five, one, and six resistance-related genes, respectively. These findings suggest that a total of 22 resistance-related genes were implicated in the response to diverse fungi, and the magnitude and frequency of induction of resistance-related genes varied considerably among the different fungi. The aforementioned gene associated with resistance was found to be implicated in the response to multiple fungi, including PhPRP1, PhBDRN15, PhBDRN11, and PhBDRN3, which were found to be involved in the resistance response to nine, five, four, and four fungi, respectively. The findings indicate that the PhPRP1, PhBDRN15, PhBDRN11, and PhBDRN3 genes exhibit a broad-spectrum resistance to various fungi. Furthermore, the avirulence fungi C. xanthothrix, which is known to affect P. heterophylla, was found to prime a wide range of resistance responses in P. heterophylla, thereby enhancing its disease resistance. This study provided insight into the management strategies for foliar diseases of P. heterophylla and new genetic materials for disease-resistant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ai Wang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yanping Gao
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Weike Jiang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaohong Ou
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Honglin Wu
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Qing-Song Yuan
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, China.
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21
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Li J, Qiu JX, Zeng QH, Zhang N, Xu SX, Jin J, Dong ZC, Chen L, Huang W. OsTOC1 plays dual roles in the regulation of plant circadian clock by functioning as a direct transcription activator or repressor. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112765. [PMID: 37421622 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant clock function relies on precise timing of gene expression through complex regulatory networks consisting of activators and repressors at the core of oscillators. Although TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) has been recognized as a repressor involved in shaping oscillations and regulating clock-driven processes, its potential to directly activate gene expression remains unclear. In this study, we find that OsTOC1 primarily acts as a transcriptional repressor for core clock components, including OsLHY and OsGI. Here, we show that OsTOC1 possesses the ability to directly activate the expression of circadian target genes. Through binding to the promoters of OsTGAL3a/b, transient activation of OsTOC1 induces the expression of OsTGAL3a/b, indicating its role as an activator contributing to pathogen resistance. Moreover, TOC1 participates in regulating multiple yield-related traits in rice. These findings suggest that TOC1's function as a transcriptional repressor is not inherent, providing flexibility to circadian regulations, particularly in outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Xin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-Hua Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-Xuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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22
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Yildiz I, Gross M, Moser D, Petzsch P, Köhrer K, Zeier J. N-hydroxypipecolic acid induces systemic acquired resistance and transcriptional reprogramming via TGA transcription factors. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1900-1920. [PMID: 36790086 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) accumulates in pathogen-inoculated and distant leaves of the Arabidopsis shoot and induces systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in dependence of the salicylic acid (SA) receptor NPR1. We report here that SAR triggered by exogenous NHP treatment requires the function of the transcription factors TGA2/5/6 in addition to NPR1, and is further positively affected by TGA1/4. Consistently, a tga2/5/6 triple knockout mutant is fully impaired in NHP-induced SAR gene expression, while a tga1/4 double mutant shows an attenuated, partial transcriptional response to NHP. Moreover, tga2/5/6 and tga1/4 exhibited fully and strongly impaired pathogen-triggered SAR, respectively, while SA-induced resistance was more moderately compromised in both lines. At the same time, tga2/5/6 was not and tga1/4 only partially impaired in the accumulation of NHP and SA at sites of bacterial attack. Strikingly, SAR gene expression in the systemic tissue induced by local bacterial inoculation or locally applied NHP fully required functional TGA2/5/6 and largely depended on TGA1/4 factors. The systemic accumulation of NHP and SA was attenuated but not abolished in the SAR-compromised and transcriptionally blocked tga mutants, suggesting their transport from inoculated to systemic tissue. Our results indicate the existence of a critical TGA- and NPR1-dependent transcriptional module that mediates the induction of SAR and systemic defence gene expression by NHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Yildiz
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marlene Gross
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Denise Moser
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Petzsch
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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23
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Zhao Z, Zhang R, Wang D, Zhang J, Zang S, Zou W, Feng A, You C, Su Y, Wu Q, Que Y. Dissecting the features of TGA gene family in Saccharum and the functions of ScTGA1 under biotic stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107760. [PMID: 37207494 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane is an important sugar and energy crop and smut disease caused by Sporisorium scitamineum is a major fungal disease which can seriously reduce the yield and quality of sugarcane. In plants, TGACG motif binding (TGA) transcription factors are involved in the regulation of salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) signaling pathways, as well as in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, no TGA-related transcription factor has been reported in Saccharum. In the present study, 44 SsTGA genes were identified from Saccharum spontaneum, and were assorted into three clades (I, II, III). Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) analysis revealed that SsTGA genes may be involved in hormone and stress response. RNA-seq data and RT-qPCR analysis indicated that SsTGAs were constitutively expressed in different tissues and induced by S. scitamineum stress. In addition, a ScTGA1 gene (GenBank accession number ON416997) was cloned from the sugarcane cultivar ROC22, which was homologous to SsTGA1e in S. spontaneum and encoded a nucleus protein. It was constitutively expressed in sugarcane tissues and up-regulated by SA, MeJA and S. scitamineum stresses. Furthermore, transient overexpression of ScTGA1 in Nicotiana benthamiana could enhance its resistance to the infection of Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium solani var. coeruleum, by regulating the expression of immune genes related to hypersensitive response (HR), ethylene (ET), SA and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways. This study should contribute to our understanding on the evolution and function of the SsTGA gene family in Saccharum, and provide a basis for the functional identification of ScTGA1 under biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Renren Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dongjiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shoujian Zang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenhui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Aoyin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chuihuai You
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China; National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Kaiyuan, 661699, Yunnan, China
| | - Yachun Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Kaiyuan, 661699, Yunnan, China
| | - Qibin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Kaiyuan, 661699, Yunnan, China.
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Kaiyuan, 661699, Yunnan, China.
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24
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Tomaž Š, Petek M, Lukan T, Pogačar K, Stare K, Teixeira Prates E, Jacobson DA, Zrimec J, Bajc G, Butala M, Pompe Novak M, Dudley Q, Patron N, Taler-Verčič A, Usenik A, Turk D, Prat S, Coll A, Gruden K. A mini-TGA protein modulates gene expression through heterogeneous association with transcription factors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1934-1952. [PMID: 36517238 PMCID: PMC10022624 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
TGA (TGACG-binding) transcription factors, which bind their target DNA through a conserved basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) domain, are vital regulators of gene expression in salicylic acid (SA)-mediated plant immunity. Here, we investigated the role of StTGA2.1, a potato (Solanum tuberosum) TGA lacking the full bZIP, which we named a mini-TGA. Such truncated proteins have been widely assigned as loss-of-function mutants. We, however, confirmed that StTGA2.1 overexpression compensates for SA-deficiency, indicating a distinct mechanism of action compared with model plant species. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we showed that StTGA2.1 can physically interact with StTGA2.2 and StTGA2.3, while its interaction with DNA was not detected. We investigated the changes in transcriptional regulation due to StTGA2.1 overexpression, identifying direct and indirect target genes. Using in planta transactivation assays, we confirmed that StTGA2.1 interacts with StTGA2.3 to activate StPRX07, a member of class III peroxidases (StPRX), which are known to play role in immune response. Finally, via structural modeling and molecular dynamics simulations, we hypothesized that the compact molecular architecture of StTGA2.1 distorts DNA conformation upon heterodimer binding to enable transcriptional activation. This study demonstrates how protein truncation can lead to distinct functions and that such events should be studied carefully in other protein families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Petek
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Lukan
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Karmen Pogačar
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Stare
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Erica Teixeira Prates
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Daniel A Jacobson
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Jan Zrimec
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Bajc
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Butala
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Pompe Novak
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- School for Viticulture and Enology, University of Nova Gorica, 5271 Vipava, Slovenia
| | - Quentin Dudley
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Nicola Patron
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Ajda Taler-Verčič
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandra Usenik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dušan Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Salomé Prat
- Department of Plant Development and Signal Transduction, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, 08193 Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Wang X, Miao J, Kang W, Shi S. Exogenous application of salicylic acid improves freezing stress tolerance in alfalfa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1091077. [PMID: 36968407 PMCID: PMC10034032 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1091077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Freezing stress is one of the most detrimental environmental factors that can seriously impact the growth, development, and distribution of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Exogenous salicylic acid (SA) has been revealed as a cost-effective method of improving defense against freezing stress due to its predominant role in biotic and abiotic stress resistance. However, how the molecular mechanisms of SA improve freezing stress resistance in alfalfa is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we used leaf samples of alfalfa seedlings pretreatment with 200 μM and 0 μM SA, which were exposed to freezing stress (-10°C) for 0, 0.5, 1, and 2h and allowed to recover at normal temperature in a growth chamber for 2 days, after which we detect the changes in the phenotypical, physiological, hormone content, and performed a transcriptome analysis to explain SA influence alfalfa in freezing stress. The results demonstrated that exogenous SA could improve the accumulation of free SA in alfalfa leaves primarily through the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase pathway. Moreover, the results of transcriptome analysis revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-plant play a critical role in SA alleviating freezing stress. In addition, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) found that MPK3, MPK9, WRKY22 (downstream target gene of MPK3), and TGACG-binding factor 1 (TGA1) are candidate hub genes involved in freezing stress defense, all of which are involved in the SA signaling pathway. Therefore, we conclude that SA could possibly induce MPK3 to regulate WRKY22 to participate in freezing stress to induced gene expression related to SA signaling pathway (NPR1-dependent pathway and NPR1-independent pathway), including the genes of non-expresser of pathogenesis-related gene 1 (NPR1), TGA1, pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and heat shock protein (HSP). This enhanced the production of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, POD, and APX, which increases the freezing stress tolerance of alfalfa plants.
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26
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Transcriptional Regulatory Network of Plant Cadmium Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054378. [PMID: 36901809 PMCID: PMC10001906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal with high toxicity to plants. Plants have acquired specialized mechanisms to sense, transport, and detoxify Cd. Recent studies have identified many transporters involved in Cd uptake, transport, and detoxification. However, the complex transcriptional regulatory networks involved in Cd response remain to be elucidated. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge regarding transcriptional regulatory networks and post-translational regulation of the transcription factors involved in Cd response. An increasing number of reports indicate that epigenetic regulation and long non-coding and small RNAs are important in Cd-induced transcriptional responses. Several kinases play important roles in Cd signaling that activate transcriptional cascades. We also discuss the perspectives to reduce grain Cd content and improve crop tolerance to Cd stress, which provides a theoretical reference for food safety and the future research of plant varieties with low Cd accumulation.
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27
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Shrestha N, Hu H, Shrestha K, Doust AN. Pearl millet response to drought: A review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1059574. [PMID: 36844091 PMCID: PMC9955113 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1059574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The C4 grass pearl millet is one of the most drought tolerant cereals and is primarily grown in marginal areas where annual rainfall is low and intermittent. It was domesticated in sub-Saharan Africa, and several studies have found that it uses a combination of morphological and physiological traits to successfully resist drought. This review explores the short term and long-term responses of pearl millet that enables it to either tolerate, avoid, escape, or recover from drought stress. The response to short term drought reveals fine tuning of osmotic adjustment, stomatal conductance, and ROS scavenging ability, along with ABA and ethylene transduction. Equally important are longer term developmental plasticity in tillering, root development, leaf adaptations and flowering time that can both help avoid the worst water stress and recover some of the yield losses via asynchronous tiller production. We examine genes related to drought resistance that were identified through individual transcriptomic studies and through our combined analysis of previous studies. From the combined analysis, we found 94 genes that were differentially expressed in both vegetative and reproductive stages under drought stress. Among them is a tight cluster of genes that are directly related to biotic and abiotic stress, as well as carbon metabolism, and hormonal pathways. We suggest that knowledge of gene expression patterns in tiller buds, inflorescences and rooting tips will be important for understanding the growth responses of pearl millet and the trade-offs at play in the response of this crop to drought. Much remains to be learnt about how pearl millet's unique combination of genetic and physiological mechanisms allow it to achieve such high drought tolerance, and the answers to be found may well be useful for crops other than just pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikee Shrestha
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Kumar Shrestha
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Andrew N. Doust
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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28
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Zheng X, Liu F, Yang X, Li W, Chen S, Yue X, Jia Q, Sun X. The MAX2-KAI2 module promotes salicylic acid-mediated immune responses in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36738234 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2) is a key component in the strigolactone (SL) and karrikin (KAR) signaling pathways and regulates the degradation of SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1/SMAX1-like (SMAX1/SMXL) proteins, which are transcriptional co-repressors that regulate plant architecture, as well as abiotic and biotic stress responses. The max2 mutation reduces resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). To uncover the mechanism of MAX2-mediated resistance, we evaluated the resistance of various SL and KAR signaling pathway mutants. The resistance of SL-deficient mutants and of dwarf 14 (d14) was similar to that of the wild-type, whereas the resistance of the karrikin insensitive 2 (kai2) mutant was compromised, demonstrating that the KAR signaling pathway, not the SL signaling pathway, positively regulates the immune response. We measured the resistance of smax1 and smxl mutants, as well as the double, triple, and quadruple mutants with max2, which revealed that both the smax1 mutant and smxl6/7/8 triple mutant rescue the low resistance phenotype of max2 and that SMAX1 accumulation diminishes resistance. The susceptibility of smax1D, containing a degradation-insensitive form of SMAX1, further confirmed the SMAX1 function in the resistance. The relationship between the accumulation of SMAX1/SMXLs and disease resistance suggested that the inhibitory activity of SMAX1 to resistance requires SMXL6/7/8. Moreover, the exogenous application of KAR2 enhanced resistance against Pst, but KAR-induced resistance depended on salicylic acid (SA) signaling. Inhibition of karrikin signaling delayed SA-mediated defense responses and inhibited pathogen-induced protein biosynthesis. Together, we propose that the MAX2-KAI2-SMAX1 complex regulates resistance with the assistance of SMXL6/7/8 and SA signaling and that SMAX1/SMXLs possibly form a multimeric complex with their target transcription factors to fine tune immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Fangqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xianfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Jilin Da'an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Sique Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinwu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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29
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Liu Y, Huang Y, Li Z, Feng M, Ge W, Zhong C, Xue R. Genome-wide identification of the TGA genes in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris) and revealing their functions in response to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli infection. Front Genet 2023; 14:1137634. [PMID: 36755571 PMCID: PMC9901207 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1137634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt, which affects common bean all across the world, is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Phaseoli (Fop). It is necessary to have functional genes in response to Fop infection because they might be used to manage disease. As a crucial regulator, TGA-binding transcription factor (TGA) is engaged in the defense mechanism of plants against pathogens. The role of TGA regulators in common bean in response to Fop infection, however, has not been documented. Hence, we performed genome-wide identified and characterized eight TGA genes in common bean. In this study, eight PvTGA genes were distributed on six chromosomes and classified into four subgroups. The PvTGA genes have the same conserved bZIP and DOG1 domains, but there are specific sequence structures in different PvTGAs. Phylogenetic and synteny analysis explained that PvTGA gene has a close genetic relationship with legume TGAs and that PvTGA03 and PvTGA05 may play an important role in evolution. Transcriptome data explained that expression levels of PvTGA genes showed diversity in different tissues. After Fop inoculation, the expression levels of PvTGA03 and PvTGA07 were significantly different between resistant and susceptible genotypes. Under SA treatment, the expression levels of PvTGA03, PvTGA04, PvTGA06, PvTGA07 and PvTGA08 were significantly different. These results imply that PvTGA03 and PvTGA07 play key roles in SA-mediated resistance to Fusarium wilt. Together, these findings advance knowledge of the PvTGA gene family in common bean and will help future studies aimed at reducing Fusarium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China,Crop Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Miscellaneous Grain Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Breeding, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuning Huang
- Crop Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Miscellaneous Grain Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Breeding, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhao Li
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Feng
- Crop Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Miscellaneous Grain Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Breeding, Shenyang, China
| | - Weide Ge
- Crop Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Miscellaneous Grain Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Breeding, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Chao Zhong, ; Renfeng Xue,
| | - Renfeng Xue
- Crop Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Miscellaneous Grain Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Breeding, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Chao Zhong, ; Renfeng Xue,
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Jia X, Wang L, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Xu L, Yi K. The origin and evolution of salicylic acid signaling and biosynthesis in plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:245-259. [PMID: 36476805 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays a pivotal role in plant response to biotic and abiotic stress. Several core SA signaling regulators and key proteins in SA biosynthesis have been well characterized. However, much remains unknown about the origin, evolution, and early diversification of core elements in plant SA signaling and biosynthesis. In this study, we identified 10 core protein families in SA signaling and biosynthesis across green plant lineages. We found that the key SA signaling receptors, the nonexpresser of pathogenesis-related (NPR) proteins, originated in the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of land plants and formed divergent groups in the ancestor of seed plants. However, key transcription factors for SA signaling, TGACG motif-binding proteins (TGAs), originated in the MRCA of streptophytes, arguing for the stepwise evolution of core SA signaling in plants. Different from the assembly of the core SA signaling pathway in the ancestor of seed plants, SA exists extensively in green plants, including chlorophytes and streptophyte algae. However, the full isochorismate synthase (ICS)-based SA synthesis pathway was first assembled in the MRCA of land plants. We further revealed that the ancient abnormal inflorescence meristem 1 (AIM1)-based β-oxidation pathway is crucial for the biosynthesis of SA in chlorophyte algae, and this biosynthesis pathway may have facilitated the adaptation of early-diverging green algae to the high-light-intensity environment on land. Taken together, our findings provide significant insights into the early evolution and diversification of plant SA signaling and biosynthesis pathways, highlighting a crucial role of SA in stress tolerance during plant terrestrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Keke Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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31
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Lodhi N, Singh M, Srivastava R, Sawant SV, Tuli R. Epigenetic malleability at core promoter initiates tobacco PR-1a expression post salicylic acid treatment. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:417-431. [PMID: 36335522 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco's PR-1a gene is induced by pathogen attack or exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA). Nucleosome mapping and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were used to delineate the histone modifications on the PR-1a promoter. However, the epigenetic modifications of the inducible promoter of the PR-1a gene are not fully understood yet. METHODS AND RESULTS Southern approach was used to scan the promoter of PR-1a to identify presence of nucleosomes, ChIP assays were performed using anti-histones antibodies of repressive chromatin by di- methylated at H3K9 and H4K20 or active chromatin by acetylated H3K9/14 and H4K16 to find epigenetic malleability of nucleosome over core promoter in uninduced or induced state post SA treatment. Class I and II mammalian histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor TSA treatment was used to enhance the expression of PR-1a by facilitating the histone acetylation post SA treatment. Here, we report correlated consequences of the epigenetic modifications correspond to disassembly of the nucleosome (spans from - 102 to + 55 bp, masks TATA and transcription initiation) and repressor complex from core promoter, eventually initiates the transcription of PR-1a gene post SA treatment. While active chromatin marks di and trimethylation of H3K4, acetylation of H3K9 and H4K16 are increased which are associated to the transcription initiation of PR-1a following SA treatment. However, in uninduced state constitutive expression of a negative regulator (SNI1) of AtPR1, suppresses AtPR1 expression by six-fold in Arabidopsis thaliana. Further, we report 50-to-1000-fold increased expression of AtPR1 in uninduced lsd1 mutant plants, up to threefold increased expression of AtPR1 in uninduced histone acetyl transferases (HATs) mutant plants, SNI1 dependent negative regulation of AtPR1, all together our results suggest that inactive state of PR-1a is indeed maintained by a repressive complex. CONCLUSION The study aimed to reveal the mechanism of transcription initiation of tobacco PR-1a gene in presence or absence of SA. This is the first study that reports nucleosome and repressor complex over core promoter region maintains the inactivation of gene in uninduced state, and upon induction disassembling of both initiates the downstream gene activation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Lodhi
- National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India. .,Mirna Analytics, New York, NY, 19047, USA.
| | - Mala Singh
- National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Rakesh Srivastava
- National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Samir V Sawant
- National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Rakesh Tuli
- National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.,University Institute of Engineering & Technology (UIET), Sector 25, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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32
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Guan F, Shi B, Zhang J, Wan X. Transcriptome analysis provides insights into lignin synthesis and MAPK signaling pathway that strengthen the resistance of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) to Fusarium wilt. Genomics 2023; 115:110538. [PMID: 36494076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt is a typical soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. momordicae (FOM) in bitter gourd. In this study, by comparing sequencing data at multiple time points and considering the difference between resistant (R) and susceptible (S) varieties, differentially expressed genes were screened out. Short time-series expression miner analysis revealed the upregulated expression trend of genes, which were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Further, observation of the microstructure revealed that the R variety may form tyloses earlier than the S variety to prevent mycelium diffusion from the xylem vessel. After Fusarium wilt infection, the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and catalaseas well as levels of superoxide anion and malondialdehyde were increased in the R variety higher than those in the S variety. This study provides a reference to elucidate the disease resistance mechanism of bitter gourd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China.
| | - Bo Shi
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingyun Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinjian Wan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China.
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Aslam MM, Deng L, Meng J, Wang Y, Pan L, Niu L, Lu Z, Cui G, Zeng W, Wang Z. Characterization and expression analysis of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors responsive to chilling injury in peach fruit. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:361-376. [PMID: 36334232 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peach (Prunus persica L.) is prone to chilling injury as exhibited by inhibition of the ethylene production, failure in softening, and the manifestation of internal browning. The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors play an essential role in regulatory networks that control many processes associated with physiological, abiotic and biotic stress responses in fruits. Formerly, the underlying molecular and regulatory mechanism of (bZIP) transcription factors responsive to chilling injury in peach fruit is still elusive. METHODS AND RESULTS In the current experiment, the solute peach 'Zhongyou Peach No. 13' was used as the test material and cold storage at low temperature (4 °C). It was found that long-term low-temperature storage induced the production of ethylene, the hardness of the pulp decreased, and the low temperature also induced ABA accumulation. The changes of ABA and ethylene in peach fruits during low-temperature storage were clarified. Since the bZIP transcription factor is involved in the regulation of downstream pathways of ABA signals, 47 peach bZIP transcription factor family genes were identified through bioinformatics analysis. Further based on RT-qPCR analysis, 18 PpbZIP genes were discovered to be expressed in refrigerated peach fruits. Among them, the expression of PpbZIP23 and PpbZIP25 was significantly reduced during the refrigeration process, the promoter analysis of these genes found that this region contains the MYC/MYB/ABRES binding element, but not the DRES/CBFS element, indicating that the expression may be regulated by the ABA-dependent cold induction pathway, thereby responding to chilling injury in peach fruit. CONCLUSIONS Over investigation will provide new insights for further postharvest protocols related to molecular changes during cold storage and will prove a better cope for chilling injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Muzammal Aslam
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Deng
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China
| | - Junren Meng
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Pan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Niu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guochao Cui
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Zeng
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, People's Republic of China.
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Lin L, Fan J, Li P, Liu D, Ren S, Lin K, Fang Y, Lin C, Wang Y, Wu J. The Sclerotinia sclerotiorum-inducible promoter pBnGH17D7 in Brassica napus: isolation, characterization, and application in host-induced gene silencing. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6663-6677. [PMID: 35927220 PMCID: PMC9629790 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is among the most devastating diseases in Brassica napus worldwide. Conventional breeding for SSR resistance in Brassica species is challenging due to the limited availability of resistant germplasm. Therefore, genetic engineering is an attractive approach for developing SSR-resistant Brassica crops. Compared with the constitutive promoter, an S. sclerotiorum-inducible promoter would avoid ectopic expression of defense genes that may cause plant growth deficits. In this study, we generated a S. sclerotiorum-inducible promoter. pBnGH17D7, from the promoter of B. napus glycosyl hydrolase 17 gene (pBnGH17). Specifically, 5'-deletion and promoter activity analyses in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants defined a 189 bp region of pBnGH17 which was indispensable for S. sclerotiorum-induced response. Compared with pBnGH17, pBnGH17D7 showed a similar response upon S. sclerotiorum infection, but lower activity in plant tissues in the absence of S. sclerotiorum infection. Moreover, we revealed that the transcription factor BnTGA7 directly binds to the TGACG motif in pBnGH17D7 to activate BnGH17. Ultimately, pBnGH17D7 was exploited for engineering Sclerotinia-resistant B. napus via host-induced gene silencing. It induces high expression of siRNAs against the S. sclerotiorum pathogenic factor gene specifically during infection, leading to increased resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jialin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Panpan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dongxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Sichao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Keyun Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yujie Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Crystal structure of transcription factor TGA7 from Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 637:322-330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rahman FU, Khan IA, Aslam A, Liu R, Sun L, Wu Y, Aslam MM, Khan AU, Li P, Jiang J, Fan X, Liu C, Zhang Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals pathogenesis-related gene 1 pathway against salicylic acid treatment in grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L). Front Genet 2022; 13:1033288. [PMID: 36338979 PMCID: PMC9631220 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1033288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a well-studied phenolic plant hormone that plays an important role in plant defense against the hemi-biothrophic and biothrophic pathogens and depends on the living cells of host for the successful infection. In this study, a pathogenesis test was performed between Vitis davidii and V. vinifera cultivars against grape white rot disease (Coniella diplodiella). V. davidii was found to be resistant against this disease. SA contents were found to be higher in the resistant grape cultivar after different time points. RNA-seq analysis was conducted on susceptible grapevine cultivars after 12, 24, and 48 h of SA application with the hypothesis that SA may induce defense genes in susceptible cultivars. A total of 511 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the RNA-seq data, including some important genes, VvWRKY1/2, VvNPR1, VvTGA2, and VvPR1, for the SA defense pathway. DEGs related to phytohormone signal transduction and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways were also upregulated. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results of the significantly expressed transcripts were found to be consistent with the transcriptome data, with a high correlation between the two analyses. The pathogenesis-related gene 1 (VvPR1), which is an important marker gene for plant defense, was selected for further promoter analysis. The promoter sequence showed that it contains some important cis-elements (W-box, LS7, as-1, and TCA-element) to recruit the transcription factors VvWRKY, VvNPR1, and VvTGA2 to express the VvPR1 gene in response to SA treatment. Furthermore, the VvPR1 promoter was serially deleted into different fragments (-1,837, -1,443, -1,119, -864, -558, -436, and -192 ) bp and constructed vectors with the GUS reporter gene. Deletion analysis revealed that the VvPR1 promoter between -1837 bp to -558 bp induced significant GUS expression with respect to the control. On the basis of these results, the -558 bp region was assumed to be an important part of the VvPR1 promoter, and this region contained the important cis-elements related to SA, such as TCA-element (-1,472 bp), LS7 (-1,428 bp), and as-1 (-520 bp), that recruit the TFs and induce the expression of the VvPR1 gene. This study expanded the available information regarding SA-induced defense in susceptible grapes and recognized the molecular mechanisms through which this defense might be mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Ur Rahman
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Ahmad Khan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ali Aslam
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ruitao Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yandi Wu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Muzammal Aslam
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Asad Ullah Khan
- The Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianfu Jiang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiucai Fan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chonghuai Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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Han Q, Tan W, Zhao Y, Yang F, Yao X, Lin H, Zhang D. Salicylic acid-activated BIN2 phosphorylation of TGA3 promotes Arabidopsis PR gene expression and disease resistance. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110682. [PMID: 35950443 PMCID: PMC9531300 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant defense hormone, salicylic acid (SA), plays essential roles in immunity and systemic acquired resistance. Salicylic acid induced by the pathogen is perceived by the receptor nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1), which is recruited by TGA transcription factors to induce the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. However, the mechanism by which post-translational modifications affect TGA's transcriptional activity by salicylic acid signaling/pathogen infection is not well-established. Here, we report that the loss-of-function mutant of brassinosteroid insensitive2 (BIN2) and its homologs, bin2-3 bil1 bil2, causes impaired pathogen resistance and insensitivity to SA-induced PR gene expression, whereas the gain-of-function mutant, bin2-1, exhibited enhanced SA signaling and immunity against the pathogen. Our results demonstrate that salicylic acid activates BIN2 kinase, which in turn phosphorylates TGA3 at Ser33 to enhance TGA3 DNA binding ability and NPR1-TGA3 complex formation, leading to the activation of PR gene expression. These findings implicate BIN2 as a new component of salicylic acid signaling, functioning as a key node in balancing brassinosteroid-mediated plant growth and SA-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wenrong Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- School of Life Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyangChina
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Feng Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiuhong Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Honghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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The TGA Transcription Factors from Clade II Negatively Regulate the Salicylic Acid Accumulation in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911631. [PMID: 36232932 PMCID: PMC9569720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone that modulates plant defenses by inducing changes in gene expression. The mechanisms that control SA accumulation are essential for understanding the defensive process. TGA transcription factors from clade II in Arabidopsis, which include the proteins TGA2, TGA5, and TGA6, are known to be key positive mediators for the transcription of genes such as PR-1 that are induced by SA application. However, unexpectedly, stress conditions that induce SA accumulation, such as infection with the avirulent pathogen P. syringae DC3000/AvrRPM1 and UV-C irradiation, result in enhanced PR-1 induction in plants lacking the clade II TGAs (tga256 plants). Increased PR-1 induction was accompanied by enhanced isochorismate synthase-dependent SA production as well as the upregulation of several genes involved in the hormone’s accumulation. In response to avirulent P. syringae, PR-1 was previously shown to be controlled by both SA-dependent and -independent pathways. Therefore, the enhanced induction of PR-1 (and other defense genes) and accumulation of SA in the tga256 mutant plants is consistent with the clade II TGA factors providing negative feedback regulation of the SA-dependent and/or -independent pathways. Together, our results indicate that the TGA transcription factors from clade II negatively control SA accumulation under stress conditions that induce the hormone production. Our study describes a mechanism involving old actors playing new roles in regulating SA homeostasis under stress.
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Niu Y, Huang X, He Z, Zhang Q, Meng H, Shi H, Feng B, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Lu G, Wang Z, Zhang W, Tang D, Wang M. Phosphorylation of OsTGA5 by casein kinase II compromises its suppression of defense-related gene transcription in rice. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3425-3442. [PMID: 35642941 PMCID: PMC9421590 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants manage the high cost of immunity activation by suppressing the expression of defense genes during normal growth and rapidly switching them on upon pathogen invasion. TGAs are key transcription factors controlling the expression of defense genes. However, how TGAs function, especially in monocot plants like rice with continuously high levels of endogenous salicylic acid (SA) remains elusive. In this study, we characterized the role of OsTGA5 as a negative regulator of rice resistance against blast fungus by transcriptionally repressing the expression of various defense-related genes. Moreover, OsTGA5 repressed PTI responses and the accumulation of endogenous SA. Importantly, we showed that the nucleus-localized casein kinase II (CK2) complex interacts with and phosphorylates OsTGA5 on Ser-32, which reduces the affinity of OsTGA5 for the JIOsPR10 promoter, thereby alleviating the repression of JIOsPR10 transcription and increasing rice resistance. Furthermore, the in vivo phosphorylation of OsTGA5 Ser-32 was enhanced by blast fungus infection. The CK2 α subunit, depending on its kinase activity, positively regulated rice defense against blast fungus. Taken together, our results provide a mechanism for the role of OsTGA5 in negatively regulating the transcription of defense-related genes in rice and the repressive switch imposed by nuclear CK2-mediated phosphorylation during blast fungus invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant–Microbe Interaction, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoguang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant–Microbe Interaction, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zexue He
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, JiangSu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant–Microbe Interaction, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Han Meng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant–Microbe Interaction, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant–Microbe Interaction, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Baomin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant–Microbe Interaction, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | | | - Jianfu Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350019, China
| | - Guodong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, JiangSu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dingzhong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant–Microbe Interaction, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mo Wang
- Author for correspondence: (Y.Z.), (M.W.)
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Hu X, Yang L, Ren M, Liu L, Fu J, Cui H. TGA factors promote plant root growth by modulating redox homeostasis or response. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1543-1559. [PMID: 35665443 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To identify novel regulators of stem cell renewal, we mined an existing but little explored cell type-specific transcriptome dataset for the Arabidopsis root. A member of the TGA family of transcription factors, TGA8, was found to be specifically expressed in the quiescent center (QC). Mutation in TGA8 caused a subtle root growth phenotype, suggesting functional redundancy with other TGA members. Using a promoter::HGFP transgenic approach, we showed that all TGA factors were expressed in the root, albeit at different levels and with distinct spatial patterns. Mutant analyses revealed that all TGA factors examined contribute to root growth by promoting stem cell renewal, meristem activity, and cell elongation. Combining transcriptome analyses, histochemical assays, and physiological tests, we demonstrated that functional redundancy exists among members of clades II and V or those in clades I and III. These two groups of TGA factors act differently, however, as their mutants responded to oxidative stress differently and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays showed they regulate different sets of genes that are involved in redox homeostasis. Our study has thus uncovered a previously unrecognized broad role and a mechanistic explanation for TGA factors in root growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Liyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Mengfei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hongchang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
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Liu C, Liu Q, Mou Z. A direct link between BR and SA signaling: Negative regulation of TGA4 by BIN2. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1254-1256. [PMID: 35689390 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Qingcai Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zhonglin Mou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Kohli SK, Khanna K, Bhardwaj R, Corpas FJ, Ahmad P. Nitric oxide, salicylic acid and oxidative stress: Is it a perfect equilateral triangle? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 184:56-64. [PMID: 35636332 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous free radical involved in the regulation of a wide array of physio-biochemical phenomena in plants. The biological activity of NO directly depend on its cellular concentration which usually changes under stress conditions, it participates in maintaining cellular redox equilibrium and regulating target checkpoints which control switches among development and stress. It is one of the key players in plant signalling and a plethora of evidence supports its crosstalk with other phytohormones. NO and salicylic acid (SA) cooperation is also of great physiological relevance, where NO modulates the immune response by regulating SA linked target proteins i.e., non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes (NPR-1 and NPR-2) and Group D bZIP (basic leucine zipper domain transcription factor). Many experimental data suggest a functional cooperative role between NO and SA in mitigating the plant oxidative stress which suggests that these relationships could constitute a metabolic "equilateral triangle".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Tomaž Š, Gruden K, Coll A. TGA transcription factors-Structural characteristics as basis for functional variability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:935819. [PMID: 35958211 PMCID: PMC9360754 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.935819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
TGA transcription factors are essential regulators of various cellular processes, their activity connected to different hormonal pathways, interacting proteins and regulatory elements. Belonging to the basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) family, TGAs operate by binding to their target DNA sequence as dimers through a conserved bZIP domain. Despite sharing the core DNA-binding sequence, the TGA paralogues exert somewhat different DNA-binding preferences. Sequence variability of their N- and C-terminal protein parts indicates their importance in defining TGA functional specificity through interactions with diverse proteins, affecting their DNA-binding properties. In this review, we provide a short and concise summary on plant TGA transcription factors from a structural point of view, including the relation of their structural characteristics to their functional roles in transcription regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Tomaž
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Gruden
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anna Coll
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Guo D, Li HL, Zhu JH, Wang Y, Peng SQ. HbTGA1, a TGA Transcription Factor From Hevea brasiliensis, Regulates the Expression of Multiple Natural Rubber Biosynthesis Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:909098. [PMID: 35873959 PMCID: PMC9297914 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.909098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The TGA transcription factors are known to modulate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plants. However, their regulatory function in natural rubber (NR) biosynthesis was not revealed in the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Here, 14 genes encoding TGA transcription factors (name HbTGA1-HbTGA14) were identified in the rubber tree. HbTGAs were differentially expressed in different tissues. HbTGA1 was expressed at its highest level in latex. We found specific in vitro and in vivo binding of the HbTGA1 protein with promoters of multiple NR biosynthesis genes (HbHMGS2, HbHMGR2, HbCPT6, HbCPT8, and HbSRPP2). The activation of the promoters of HbHMGS2 and HbCPT6 was significantly suppressed by HbTGA1, while the activities of promoters of HbHMGR2, HbCPT8, and HbSRPP2 were increased by HbTGA1. The promoter activities of HbHMGS2, HbHMGR2, HbCPT6, HbCPT8, and HbSRPP2 were significantly increased by HbTGA1 under jasmonate stress, while the promoter activities of HbHMGS2, HbHMGR2, HbCPT6, HbCPT8, and HbSRPP2 were also significantly increased by HbTGA1 under salicylic acid stress. The present study provides insights into the role of TGA transcription factors in regulating the expression of NR biosynthesis genes from H. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China
| | - Hui-Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China
| | - Jia-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China
| | - Shi-Qing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China
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Yang Y, Li HG, Liu M, Wang HL, Yang Q, Yan DH, Zhang Y, Li Z, Feng CH, Niu M, Liu C, Yin W, Xia X. PeTGA1 enhances disease resistance against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides through directly regulating PeSARD1 in poplar. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:672-684. [PMID: 35738343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins play important roles in responding to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms of plant resistance to pathogens remain largely unclear in poplar. The present study isolated a TGACG-binding (TGA) transcription factor, PeTGA1, from Populus euphratica. PeTGA1 belongs to subgroup D of the bZIP family and was localized to the nucleus. To study the role PeTGA1 plays in response to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, transgenic triploid white poplars overexpressing PeTGA1 were generated. Results showed that poplars with overexpressed PeTGA1 showed a higher effective defense response to C. gloeosporioides than the wild-type plants. A yeast one-hybrid assay and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that PeTGA1 could directly bind to the PeSARD1 (P. euphratica SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT 1) promoter, an important regulator for salicylic acid biosynthesis. The transactivation assays indicated that PeTGA1 activated the expression of PeSARD1, and PR1 (PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 1), a SA marker gene involved in SA signaling. Subsequently, we observed that the PeTGA1 overexpression lines showed elevated SA levels, thereby resulting in the increased resistance to C. gloeosporioides. Taken together, our results indicated that PeTGA1 may exert a key role in plant immunity not only by targeting PeSARD1 thus participating in the SA biosynthesis pathway but also by involving in SA signaling via activating the expression of PR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hui-Guang Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Meiying Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hou-Ling Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qi Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Dong-Hui Yan
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection Affiliated to State Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Cong-Hua Feng
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Mengxue Niu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weilun Yin
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xinli Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Rahman FU, Zhang Y, Khan IA, Liu R, Sun L, Wu Y, Jiang J, Fan X, Liu C. The Promoter Analysis of VvPR1 Gene: A Candidate Gene Identified through Transcriptional Profiling of Methyl Jasmonate Treated Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121540. [PMID: 35736691 PMCID: PMC9227488 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) plays a vital role in plant disease resistance and also induces the expression of disease resistance genes in plants. In this study, a transcriptome analysis was performed on grapevine leaves after 12, 24 and 48 h of MeJA-100 μM treatment. A total of 1242 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the transcriptome data, and the analysis of the DEGs showed that genes related to phytohormone signal transduction, jasmonic acid-mediated defense, Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways were upregulated. As Pathogenesis-related gene 1 (PR1) is an important marker gene in plant defense also upregulated by MeJA treatment in RNA-seq data, the VvPR1 gene was selected for a promoter analysis with β-glucuronidase (GUS) through transient expression in tobacco leaves against abiotic stress. The results showed that the region from −1837 bp to −558 bp of the VvPR1 promoter is the key region in response to hormone and wound stress. In this study, we extended the available knowledge about induced defense by MeJA in a grapevine species that is susceptible to different diseases and identified the molecular mechanisms by which this defense might be mediated.
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Kim YW, Youn JH, Roh J, Kim JM, Kim SK, Kim TW. Brassinosteroids enhance salicylic acid-mediated immune responses by inhibiting BIN2 phosphorylation of clade I TGA transcription factors in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:991-1007. [PMID: 35524409 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in plant immune response, including resistance to pathogens and systemic acquired resistance. Two major components, NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES (NPRs) and TGACG motif-binding transcription factors (TGAs), are known to mediate SA signaling, which might also be orchestrated by other hormonal and environmental changes. Nevertheless, the molecular and functional interactions between SA signaling components and other cellular signaling pathways remain poorly understood. Here we showed that the steroid plant hormone brassinosteroid (BR) promotes SA responses by inactivating BR-INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2), which inhibits the redox-sensitive clade I TGAs in Arabidopsis. We found that both BR and the BIN2 inhibitor bikinin synergistically increase SA-mediated physiological responses, such as resistance to Pst DC3000. Our genetic and biochemical analyses indicated that BIN2 functionally interacts with TGA1 and TGA4, but not with other TGAs. We further demonstrated that BIN2 phosphorylates Ser-202 of TGA4, resulting in the suppression of the redox-dependent interaction between TGA4 and NPR1 as well as destabilization of TGA4. Consistently, transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing TGA4-YFP with a S202A mutation displayed enhanced SA responses compared to the wild-type TGA4-YFP plants. Taken together, these results suggest a novel crosstalk mechanism by which BR signaling coordinates the SA responses mediated by redox-sensitive clade I TGAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Woo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Youn
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehee Roh
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Mok Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ki Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Wuk Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Qi S, Shen Y, Wang X, Zhang S, Li Y, Islam MM, Wang J, Zhao P, Zhan X, Zhang F, Liang Y. A new NLR gene for resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:1493-1509. [PMID: 35179614 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A typical NLR gene, Sl5R-1, which regulates Tomato spotted wilt virus resistance, was fine mapped to a region less than 145 kb in the tomato genome. Tomato spotted wilt is a viral disease caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), which is a devastating disease that affects tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production worldwide, and the resistance provided by the Sw-5 gene has broken down in some cases. In order to identify additional genes that confer resistance to TSWV, the F2 population was mapped using susceptible (M82) and resistant (H149) tomato lines. After 3 years of mapping, the main quantitative trait locus on chromosome 05 was narrowed to a genomic region of 145 kb and was subsequently identified by the F2 population, with 1971 plants in 2020. This region encompassed 14 candidate genes, and in it was found a gene cluster consisting of three genes (Sl5R-1, Sl5R-2, and Sl5R-3) that code for NBS-LRR proteins. The qRT-PCR and virus-induced gene silencing approach results confirmed that Sl5R-1 is a functional resistance gene for TSWV. Analysis of the Sl5R-1 promoter region revealed that there is a SlTGA9 transcription factor binding site caused by a base deletion in resistant plants, and its expression level was significantly up-regulated in infected resistant plants. Analysis of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) levels and the expression of SA- and JA-regulated genes suggest that SlTGA9 interacts or positively regulates Sl5R-1 to affect the SA- and JA-signaling pathways to resist TSWV. These results demonstrate that the identified Sl5R-1 gene regulates TSWV resistance by its own promoter interacting with the transcription factor SlTGA9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Qi
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanbo Shen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yushun Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Md Monirul Islam
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangqiang Zhan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Two Contrasting Maize Hybrids’ Responses to Low Nitrogen Stress at the Twelve Leaf Stage and Function Verification of ZmTGA Gene. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040670. [PMID: 35456476 PMCID: PMC9030517 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth and development. However, large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer not only increase the production costs, but also lead to serious environmental problems. Therefore, it is particularly important to reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer and develop maize varieties with low nitrogen tolerance. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and proteomic alterations of maize affected by nitrogen deficiency and to elucidate the molecular and physiological mechanisms underpinning maize tolerance to low nitrogen. Two maize hybrids with contrasting low nitrogen tolerance were used as the experimental materials. Maize plants were grown under different nitrogen application levels (N0 and N240) and proteomic analysis performed to analyze leaf differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) under different nitrogen conditions. The results showed that under the nitrogen deficiency condition, the nitrogen content, leaf dry weight, leaf area, and leaf area index of XY335 decreased by 15.58%, 8.83%, 3.44%, and 3.44%, respectively. However, in the variety HN138, the same parameters decreased by 56.94%, 11.97%, 8.79%, and 8.79%, respectively. Through proteomic analysis, we found that the low nitrogen tolerance variety responded to low nitrogen stress through lignin biosynthesis, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and stress defense proteins. Transmembrane transporters were differentially expressed in both hybrids after low nitrogen treatment, suggesting that this was a common response to low nitrogen stress. Using bioinformatics analysis, we selected the key candidate gene (ZmTGA) that was assumed to respond to low nitrogen stress, and its function was characterized by maize mutants. The results showed that when compared with normal nitrogen treatment, the root length of the mutants under low nitrogen treatment increased by 10.1%, while that of the wild-type increased by 14.8%; the root surface area of the wild type under low nitrogen treatment increased by 9.6%, while that of the mutants decreased by 5.2%; the root surface area of the wild type was higher than that of the mutant at both nitrogen levels; and the activities of glutathione and guaiacol peroxidase enzymes in the mutant were lower than those in the wild-type under low nitrogen treatment. In summary, the mutant was less adaptable to a low nitrogen environment than the wild type. Our results provide maize genetic resources and a new direction for a further understanding of maize response to low nitrogen stress.
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Shields A, Shivnauth V, Castroverde CDM. Salicylic Acid and N-Hydroxypipecolic Acid at the Fulcrum of the Plant Immunity-Growth Equilibrium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:841688. [PMID: 35360332 PMCID: PMC8960316 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.841688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) and N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) are two central plant immune signals involved in both resistance at local sites of pathogen infection (basal resistance) and at distal uninfected sites after primary infection (systemic acquired resistance). Major discoveries and advances have led to deeper understanding of their biosynthesis and signaling during plant defense responses. In addition to their well-defined roles in immunity, recent research is emerging on their direct mechanistic impacts on plant growth and development. In this review, we will first provide an overview of how SA and NHP regulate local and systemic immune responses in plants. We will emphasize how these two signals are mutually potentiated and are convergent on multiple aspects-from biosynthesis to homeostasis, and from signaling to gene expression and phenotypic responses. We will then highlight how SA and NHP are emerging to be crucial regulators of the growth-defense balance, showcasing recent multi-faceted studies on their metabolism, receptor signaling and direct growth/development-related host targets. Overall, this article reflects current advances and provides future outlooks on SA/NHP biology and their functional significance as central signals for plant immunity and growth. Because global climate change will increasingly influence plant health and resilience, it is paramount to fundamentally understand how these two tightly linked plant signals are at the nexus of the growth-defense balance.
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