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Liu T, Man Y, Li P, Zhang H, Cheng H. A Hydroponic Study on Effect of Zinc Against Mercury Uptake by Triticale: Kinetic Process and Accumulation. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:359-365. [PMID: 34181031 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the ability of triticale uptake of Mercury (Hg), clarified whether triticale root uptake of Hg2+ via Zinc (Zn2+) transports, using hydroponic experiments. At 25℃, when Hg exposure in solution was lower than 20 μM, Hg concentration in the roots can be better described by a hyperbolic function, which shows a saturable characteristic. Under ice-cold (< 2℃) conditions, a nonsaturable (linear) component was found. Low exposure of Zn2+ (0-1 μM) inhibited plant Hg uptake when Hg exposure in the solution ranged from 1 to 10 μM, it showed an antagonistic effect of Zn on plant uptake of Hg. When Hg exposure was 20 μM, it revealed a synergistic effect of Zn on plant uptake of Hg, Hg in the root increased at the Zn (1 μM) exposure in the solution. Our results will deepen the understanding of Hg transfer in the soil-plant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Man
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, People's Republic of China
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2
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Zhang M, Yang H, Zhu F, Xu R, Cheng Y. Transcript profiles analysis of citrus aquaporins in response to fruit water loss during storage. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:819-830. [PMID: 33797834 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Water loss is an essential factor that affects the maintenance of quality of citrus fruit during postharvest handling and storage. Aquaporins (AQPs) play an important role in the transport of water across membranes. However, the expression profiling of AQPs is incomplete for citrus fruits during storage. In this study, a post-harvest storage experiment was performed using sweet orange fruits to determine changes in water loss and fruit quality. Also, genome-wide expression analysis of CsAQP genes was carried out in fruit of different citrus varieties during storage. Low humidity storage conditions accelerated the postharvest water loss and texture decline and increased the TSS content in the fruit. A total of 39 non-redundant CsAQP genes were identified. A comprehensive analysis of these genes demonstrated that all AQPs had conserved filter motifs in the different citrus varieties examined. Moreover, multiple expression analysis revealed AQPs had complex expression profiles upon water loss in citrus fruit, being time-specific in tight-skin varieties (orange and pomelo varieties), tissue-specific between peel and pulp, and variety-specific between loose-skin (mandarin varieties) and tight-skin varieties (such as sweet orange and pummelo). These results indicated that the relative humidity in storage environment affected the postharvest water loss and quality of citrus fruit. Besides, the alternation in AQPs expression may partially account for the different water loss ratio in citrus varieties and the transfer of water between the peel and the pulp of citrus fruit during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - H Yang
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - F Zhu
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - R Xu
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Cheng
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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3
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Israel D, Khan S, Warren CR, Zwiazek JJ, Robson TM. The contribution of PIP2-type aquaporins to photosynthetic response to increased vapour pressure deficit. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5066-5078. [PMID: 33928350 PMCID: PMC8219038 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The roles of different plasma membrane aquaporins (PIPs) in leaf-level gas exchange of Arabidopsis thaliana were examined using knockout mutants. Since multiple Arabidopsis PIPs are implicated in CO2 transport across cell membranes, we focused on identifying the effects of the knockout mutations on photosynthesis, and whether they are mediated through the control of stomatal conductance of water vapour (gs), mesophyll conductance of CO2 (gm), or both. We grew Arabidopsis plants in low and high humidity environments and found that the contribution of PIPs to gs was larger under low air humidity when the evaporative demand was high, whereas any effect of a lack of PIP function was minimal under higher humidity. The pip2;4 knockout mutant had 44% higher gs than wild-type plants under low humidity, which in turn resulted in an increased net photosynthetic rate (Anet). We also observed a 23% increase in whole-plant transpiration (E) for this knockout mutant. The lack of functional plasma membrane aquaporin AtPIP2;5 did not affect gs or E, but resulted in homeostasis of gm despite changes in humidity, indicating a possible role in regulating CO2 membrane permeability. CO2 transport measurements in yeast expressing AtPIP2;5 confirmed that this aquaporin is indeed permeable to CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Israel
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shanjida Khan
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Charles R Warren
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Janusz J Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - T Matthew Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Finland
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Sabir F, Zarrouk O, Noronha H, Loureiro-Dias MC, Soveral G, Gerós H, Prista C. Grapevine aquaporins: Diversity, cellular functions, and ecophysiological perspectives. Biochimie 2021; 188:61-76. [PMID: 34139292 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-scored premium wines are typically produced under moderate drought stress, suggesting that the water status of grapevine is crucial for wine quality. Aquaporins greatly influence the plant water status by facilitating water diffusion across the plasma membrane in a tightly regulated manner. They adjust the hydraulic conductance of the plasma membrane rapidly and reversibly, which is essential in specific physiological events, including adaptation to soil water scarcity. The comprehension of the sophisticated plant-water relations at the molecular level are thus important to optimize agricultural practices or to assist plant breeding programs. This review explores the recent progresses in understanding the water transport in grapevine at the cellular level through aquaporins and its regulation. Important aspects, including aquaporin structure, diversity, cellular localization, transport properties, and regulation at the cellular and whole plant level are addressed. An ecophysiological perspective about the roles of grapevine aquaporins in plant response to drought stress is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Sabir
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Olfa Zarrouk
- Association SFCOLAB - Collaborative Laboratory for Digital Innovation in Agriculture, Rua Cândido dos Reis nº1, Espaço SFCOLAB, 2560-312, Torres Vedras, Portugal
| | - Henrique Noronha
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria C Loureiro-Dias
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hernâni Gerós
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Department of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Catarina Prista
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal; Departamento de Recursos Biologicos, Ambiente e Territorio (DRAT), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
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Vats S, Sudhakaran S, Bhardwaj A, Mandlik R, Sharma Y, Kumar S, Tripathi DK, Sonah H, Sharma TR, Deshmukh R. Targeting aquaporins to alleviate hazardous metal(loid)s imposed stress in plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124910. [PMID: 33453583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of hazardous metal(loid)s adversely affects plants and imposes a threat to the entire food chain. Here, the role of aquaporins (AQPs) providing tolerance against hazardous metal(loid)s in plants is discussed to provide a perspective on the present understanding, knowledge gaps, and opportunities. Plants adopt complex molecular and physiological mechanisms for better tolerance, adaptability, and survival under metal(loid)s stress. Water conservation in plants is one such primary strategies regulated by AQPs, a family of channel-forming proteins facilitating the transport of water and many other solutes. The strategy is more evident with reports suggesting differential expression of AQPs adopted by plants to cope with the heavy metal stress. In this regard, numerous studies showing enhanced tolerance against hazardous elements in plants due to AQPs activity are discussed. Consequently, present understanding of various aspects of AQPs, such as tertiary-structure, transport activity, solute-specificity, differential expression, gating mechanism, and subcellular localization, are reviewed. Similarly, various tools and techniques are discussed in detail aiming at efficient utilization of resources and knowledge to combat metal(loid)s stress. The scope of AQP transgenesis focusing on heavy metal stresses is also highlighted. The information provided here will be helpful to design efficient strategies for the development of metal(loid)s stress-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanskriti Vats
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sreeja Sudhakaran
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupriya Bhardwaj
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rushil Mandlik
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- Division of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.
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Sivasakthi K, Tharanya M, Zaman-Allah M, Kholová J, Thirunalasundari T, Vadez V. Transpiration difference under high evaporative demand in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) may be explained by differences in the water transport pathway in the root cylinder. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:769-780. [PMID: 32558986 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Terminal drought substantially reduces chickpea yield. Reducing water use at vegetative stage by reducing transpiration under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD), i.e. under dry/hot conditions, contributes to drought adaptation. We hypothesized that this trait could relate to differences in a genotype's dependence on root water transport pathways and hydraulics. Transpiration rate responses in conservative and profligate chickpea genotypes were evaluated under increasing VPD in the presence/absence of apoplastic and cell-to-cell transport inhibitors. Conservative genotypes ICC 4958 and ICC 8058 restricted transpiration under high VPD compared to the profligate genotypes ICC 14799 and ICC 867. Profligate genotypes were more affected by aquaporin inhibition of the cell-to-cell pathway than conservative genotypes, as measured by the root hydraulic conductance and transpiration under high VPD. Aquaporin inhibitor treatment also led to a larger reduction in root hydraulic conductivity in profligate than in conservative genotypes. In contrast, blockage of the apoplastic pathway in roots decreased transpiration more in conservative than in profligate genotypes. Interestingly, conservative genotypes had high early vigour, whereas profligate genotypes had low early vigour. In conclusion, profligate genotypes depend more on the cell-to-cell pathway, which might explain their higher root hydraulic conductivity, whereas water-saving by restricting transpiration led to higher dependence on the apoplastic pathway. This opens the possibility to screen for conservative or profligate chickpea phenotypes using inhibitors, itself opening to the search of the genetic basis of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sivasakthi
- Crop Physiology Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Tharanya
- Crop Physiology Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Zaman-Allah
- International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT), Mount Pleasant Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - J Kholová
- Crop Physiology Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - T Thirunalasundari
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V Vadez
- Crop Physiology Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
- IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement) - Univ. Montpellier - UMR DIADE, Montpellier cedex 5, France
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7
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Shashkova S, Andersson M, Hohmann S, Leake MC. Correlating single-molecule characteristics of the yeast aquaglyceroporin Fps1 with environmental perturbations directly in living cells. Methods 2020; 193:46-53. [PMID: 32387484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins play key roles at the interface between the cell and its environment by mediating selective import and export of molecules via plasma membrane channels. Despite a multitude of studies on transmembrane channels, understanding of their dynamics directly within living systems is limited. To address this, we correlated molecular scale information from living cells with real time changes to their microenvironment. We employed super-resolved millisecond fluorescence microscopy with a single-molecule sensitivity, to track labelled molecules of interest in real time. We use as example the aquaglyceroporin Fps1 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to dissect and correlate its stoichiometry and molecular turnover kinetics with various extracellular conditions. We show that Fps1 resides in multi tetrameric clusters while hyperosmotic and oxidative stress conditions cause Fps1 reorganization. Moreover, we demonstrate that rapid exposure to hydrogen peroxide causes Fps1 degradation. In this way we shed new light on aspects of architecture and dynamics of glycerol-permeable plasma membrane channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikael Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Stefan Hohmann
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Mark C Leake
- Department of Physics, University of York, YO10 5DD York, UK.
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Seifikalhor M, Aliniaeifard S, Hassani B, Niknam V, Lastochkina O. Diverse role of γ-aminobutyric acid in dynamic plant cell responses. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:847-867. [PMID: 30739138 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a four-carbon non-protein amino acid, is found in most prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Although, ample research into GABA has occurred in mammals as it is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter; in plants, a role for GABA has often been suggested as a metabolite that changes under stress rather than as a signal, as no receptor or motif for GABA binding was identified until recently and many aspects of its biological function (ranging from perception to function) remain to be answered. In this review, flexible properties of GABA in regulation of plant responses to various environmental biotic and abiotic stresses and its integration in plant growth and development either as a metabolite or a signaling molecule are discussed. We have elaborated on the role of GABA in stress adaptation (i.e., salinity, hypoxia/anoxia, drought, temperature, heavy metals, plant-insect interplay and ROS-related responses) and its contribution in non-stress-related biological pathways (i.e., involvement in plant-microbe interaction, contribution to the carbon and nitrogen metabolism and governing of signal transduction pathways). This review aims to represent the multifunctional contribution of GABA in various biological and physiological mechanisms under stress conditions; the objective is to review the current state of knowledge about GABA role beyond stress-related responses. Our effort is to place findings about GABA in an organized and broader context to highlight its shared metabolic and biologic functions in plants under variable conditions. This will provide potential modes of GABA crosstalk in dynamic plant cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Seifikalhor
- Department of Plant Biology, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms in Iran, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155, Iran
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Batool Hassani
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Niknam
- Department of Plant Biology, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms in Iran, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155, Iran
| | - Oksana Lastochkina
- Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Aquaporins and Their Role in the Flower Opening Processes in Carnation ( Dianthus caryophyllus). Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081895. [PMID: 30060619 PMCID: PMC6222698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are associated with the transport of water and other small solutes across biological membranes. Genome-wide identification and characterization will pave the way for further insights into the AQPs’ roles in the commercial carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). This study focuses on the analysis of AQPs in carnation (DcaAQPs) involved in flower opening processes. Thirty DcaAQPs were identified and grouped to five subfamilies: nine PIPs, 11 TIPs, six NIPs, three SIPs, and one XIP. Subsequently, gene structure, protein motifs, and co-expression network of DcaAQPs were analyzed and substrate specificity of DcaAQPs was predicted. qRT-PCR, RNA-seq, and semi-qRTRCR were used for DcaAQP genes expression analysis. The analysis results indicated that DcaAQPs were relatively conserved in gene structure and protein motifs, that DcaAQPs had significant differences in substrate specificity among different subfamilies, and that DcaAQP genes’ expressions were significantly different in roots, stems, leaves and flowers. Five DcaAQP genes (DcaPIP1;3, DcaPIP2;2, DcaPIP2;5, DcaTIP1;4, and DcaTIP2;2) might play important roles in flower opening process. However, the roles they play are different in flower organs, namely, sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils. Overall, this study provides a theoretical basis for further functional analysis of DcaAQPs.
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Tharanya M, Sivasakthi K, Barzana G, Kholová J, Thirunalasundari T, Vadez V. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) contrasting for the transpiration response to vapour pressure deficit also differ in their dependence on the symplastic and apoplastic water transport pathways. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:719-736. [PMID: 32291047 DOI: 10.1071/fp17161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Genotypic differences in transpiration rate responses to high vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was earlier reported. Here we tested the hypothesis that this limitation could relate to different degrees of dependence on the apoplastic (spaces between cells), and symplastic water transport pathways (through cells via aquaporin-facilitated transport), which are known to have different hydraulic conductivities. The low transpiration rate (Tr) genotype PRLT 2/89/33 either restricted its transpiration under high VPD, or was more sensitive to VPD than H77/833-2, when grown hydroponically or in soil. The slope of the transpiration response to an ascending series of VPD was lower in whole plants than in de-rooted shoots. In addition, the transpiration response of detached leaves to moderately high VPD (2.67kPa), normalised against leaves exposed to constant VPD (1.27kPa), was similar in low and high Tr genotypes. This suggested that roots hydraulics were a substantial limitation to water flow in pearl millet, especially under high VPD. The dependence on the apoplastic and symplastic water transport pathways was investigated by assessing the transpiration response of plants treated with inhibitors specific to the AQP-mediated symplastic pathway (AgNO3 and H2O2) and to the apoplastic pathway (precipitates of Cu(Fe(CN)6) or Cu(CuFe(CN)6)). When CuSO4 alone was used, Cu ions caused an inhibition of transpiration in both genotypes and more so in H77/833-2. The transpiration of high Tr H77/833-2 was decreased more by AQP inhibitors under low VPD (1.8kPa) than in PRLT 2/89/33, whereas under high VPD (4.2kPa), the transpiration of PRLT 2/89/33 was decreased more by AQP inhibitors than in H77/833-2. The transpiration rate of detached leaves from H77/833-2 when treated with AgNO3 decreased more than in PRLT 2/89/33. Although the root hydraulic conductivity of both genotypes was similar, it decreased more upon the application of a symplastic inhibitor in H77/833-2. The transpiration of low Tr PRLT 2/89/33 was decreased more by apoplastic inhibitors under both low and high VPD. Then the hydraulic conductivity decreased more upon the application of an apoplastic inhibitor in PRLT 2/89/33. In conclusion, both pathways contributed to water transport, and their contribution varied with environmental conditions and genotypes. Roots were a main source of hydraulic limitation in these genotypes of pearl millet, although a leaf limitation was not excluded. The similarity between genotypes in root hydraulic conductivity under normal conditions also suggests changes in this conductivity upon changes in the evaporative demand. The low Tr genotype depended more on the apoplastic pathway for water transport, whereas the high Tr genotype depended on both pathway, may be by 'tuning-up' the symplastic pathway under high transpiration demand, very likely via the involvement of aquaporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Tharanya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Crop Physiology Laboratory, Patancheru 502324, Telangana, India
| | - Kaliamoorthy Sivasakthi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Crop Physiology Laboratory, Patancheru 502324, Telangana, India
| | - Gloria Barzana
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Crop Physiology Laboratory, Patancheru 502324, Telangana, India
| | - Jana Kholová
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Crop Physiology Laboratory, Patancheru 502324, Telangana, India
| | | | - Vincent Vadez
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Crop Physiology Laboratory, Patancheru 502324, Telangana, India
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11
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Lu L, Dong C, Liu R, Zhou B, Wang C, Shou H. Roles of Soybean Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Protein GmPIP2;9 in Drought Tolerance and Seed Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:530. [PMID: 29755491 PMCID: PMC5932197 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins play an essential role in water uptake and transport in vascular plants. The soybean genome contains a total of 22 plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) genes. To identify candidate PIPs important for soybean yield and stress tolerance, we studied the transcript levels of all 22 soybean PIPs. We found that a GmPIP2 subfamily member, GmPIP2;9, was predominately expressed in roots and developing seeds. Here, we show that GmPIP2;9 localized to the plasma membrane and had high water channel activity when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Using transgenic soybean plants expressing a native GmPIP2;9 promoter driving a GUS-reporter gene, it was found high GUS expression in the roots, in particular, in the endoderm, pericycle, and vascular tissues of the roots of transgenic plants. In addition, GmPIP2;9 was also highly expressed in developing pods. GmPIP2;9 expression significantly increased in short term of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated drought stress treatment. GmPIP2;9 overexpression increased tolerance to drought stress in both solution cultures and soil plots. Drought stress in combination with GmPIP2;9 overexpression increased net CO2 assimilation of photosynthesis, stomata conductance, and transpiration rate, suggesting that GmPIP2;9-overexpressing transgenic plants were less stressed than wild-type (WT) plants. Furthermore, field experiments showed that GmPIP2;9-overexpressing plants had significantly more pod numbers and larger seed sizes than WT plants. In summary, the study demonstrated that GmPIP2;9 has water transport activity. Its relative high expression levels in roots and developing pods are in agreement with the phenotypes of GmPIP2;9-overexpressing plants in drought stress tolerance and seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changhe Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huixia Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huixia Shou,
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Identification of Genes Involved in the Responses of Tangor (C. reticulata × C. sinensis) to Drought Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8068725. [PMID: 29085842 PMCID: PMC5612316 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8068725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Drought is the major abiotic stress with adverse effects on citrus, decreasing the agronomical yield and influencing the fruit quality. In this study, cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) technique was used to investigate the transcriptional profile changes and identify drought-responsive genes in “Amakusa” tangor (C. reticulata × C. sinensis), a hybrid citrus sensitive to water stress. The 255 out of 6,245 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) displayed altered expression patterns including (A) induction, (B) repression, (C) upregulation, and (D) downregulation. With BLAST search, the gene products of differentially expressed fragments (DEFs) could be classified into several categories: cellular processes, transcription, transport, metabolism, stress/stimuli response, and developmental processes. Downregulated genes were highly represented by photosynthesis and basic metabolism, while upregulated ones were enriched in genes that were involved in transcription regulation, defense, energy, and transport. Present result also revealed some transient and up- and then downregulated genes such as aquaporin protein and photosystem enzyme. Expression patterns of 17 TDFs among 18 homologous to function-known genes were confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis. The present results revealed potential mechanism of drought tolerance in fruit crop and also provided candidate genes for future experiments in citrus.
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Roche JV, Törnroth-Horsefield S. Aquaporin Protein-Protein Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112255. [PMID: 29077056 PMCID: PMC5713225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are tetrameric membrane-bound channels that facilitate transport of water and other small solutes across cell membranes. In eukaryotes, they are frequently regulated by gating or trafficking, allowing for the cell to control membrane permeability in a specific manner. Protein–protein interactions play crucial roles in both regulatory processes and also mediate alternative functions such as cell adhesion. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge about aquaporin protein–protein interactions; dividing the interactions into three types: (1) interactions between aquaporin tetramers; (2) interactions between aquaporin monomers within a tetramer (hetero-tetramerization); and (3) transient interactions with regulatory proteins. We particularly focus on the structural aspects of the interactions, discussing the small differences within a conserved overall fold that allow for aquaporins to be differentially regulated in an organism-, tissue- and trigger-specific manner. A deep knowledge about these differences is needed to fully understand aquaporin function and regulation in many physiological processes, and may enable design of compounds targeting specific aquaporins for treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Virginia Roche
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Susanna Törnroth-Horsefield
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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Li L, An M, Qu C, Zheng Z, Wang Y, Liu F, He Y, He X, Miao J. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of major intrinsic protein gene in Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L from Antarctica. Extremophiles 2017; 21:817-827. [PMID: 28597046 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-017-0945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) form channels facilitating the passive transport of water and other small polar molecules across membranes. In this study, the complete open reading frame (ORF) of CiMIP1 (GenBank ID KY316061) encoding one kind of MIPs in the Antarctic ice microalga Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L is successfully cloned using RACE. In addition, the expression patterns of CiMIP1 gene under different conditions of temperature and salinity are determined by qRT-PCR. The ORF of CiMIP1 gene encodes 308 amino acids, and the deduced amino acid sequence shows 74% homology with Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CrMIP1 (GenBank number 159471952). Phylogenetic analysis reveals that algal MIPs are divided into seven groups, and it is speculated that CiMIP1 most likely belongs to the MIPD subfamily. In addition, we are surprised to find that a third NPA motif exists at the carboxy terminus of the target protein except for two highly conserved ones. Expression analysis shows that the transcriptional levels of CiMIP1 gene are upregulated under either lower temperature or higher temperature and high salinity. In summary, the results together have provide new insights into the newly discovered gene in green algae and lay the foundation for further studies on the adaptation mechanism of Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xianxialing Road 6th, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Meiling An
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308th, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Changfeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xianxialing Road 6th, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Zhou Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xianxialing Road 6th, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xianxialing Road 6th, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Fangming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xianxialing Road 6th, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Yingying He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xianxialing Road 6th, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xianxialing Road 6th, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Jinlai Miao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xianxialing Road 6th, Qingdao, 266061, China. .,Medical College, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308th, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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15
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Groszmann M, Osborn HL, Evans JR. Carbon dioxide and water transport through plant aquaporins. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:938-961. [PMID: 27739588 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins are channel proteins that function to increase the permeability of biological membranes. In plants, aquaporins are encoded by multigene families that have undergone substantial diversification in land plants. The plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) subfamily of aquaporins is of particular interest given their potential to improve plant water relations and photosynthesis. Flowering plants have between 7 and 28 PIP genes. Their expression varies with tissue and cell type, through development and in response to a variety of factors, contributing to the dynamic and tissue specific control of permeability. There are a growing number of PIPs shown to act as water channels, but those altering membrane permeability to CO2 are more limited. The structural basis for selective substrate specificities has not yet been resolved, although a few key amino acid positions have been identified. Several regions important for dimerization, gating and trafficking are also known. PIP aquaporins assemble as tetramers and their properties depend on the monomeric composition. PIPs control water flux into and out of veins and stomatal guard cells and also increase membrane permeability to CO2 in mesophyll and stomatal guard cells. The latter increases the effectiveness of Rubisco and can potentially influence transpiration efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Groszmann
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Hannah L Osborn
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Barbour MM, Farquhar GD, Buckley TN. Leaf water stable isotopes and water transport outside the xylem. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:914-920. [PMID: 27739589 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
How water moves through leaves, and where the phase change from liquid to vapour occurs within leaves, remain largely mysterious. Some time ago, we suggested that the stable isotope composition of leaf water may contain information on transport pathways beyond the xylem, through differences in the development of gradients in enrichment within the various pathways. Subsequent testing of this suggestion provided ambiguous results and even questioned the existence of gradients in enrichment within the mesophyll. In this review, we bring together recent theoretical developments in understanding leaf water transport pathways and stable isotope theory to map a path for future work into understanding pathways of water transport and leaf water stable isotope composition. We emphasize the need for a spatially, anatomically and isotopically explicit model of leaf water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Barbour
- Centre for Carbon, Water and Food, University of Sydney, Brownlow Hill, New South Wales, 2570, Australia
| | - G D Farquhar
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, 0200, Australia
| | - T N Buckley
- Plant Breeding Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, New South Wales, 2390, Australia
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17
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Stanfield RC, Hacke UG, Laur J. Are phloem sieve tubes leaky conduits supported by numerous aquaporins? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2017; 104:719-732. [PMID: 28526726 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1600422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Aquaporin membrane water channels have been previously identified in the phloem of angiosperms, but currently their cellular characterization is lacking, especially in tree species. Pinpointing the cellular location will help generate new hypotheses of how membrane water exchange facilitates sugar transport in plants. METHODS We studied histological sections of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) in leaf, petiole, and stem organs. Immuno-labeling techniques were used to characterize the distribution of PIP1 and PIP2 subfamilies of aquaporins along the phloem pathway. Confocal and super resolution microscopy (3D-SIM) was used to identify the localization of aquaporins at the cellular level. KEY RESULTS Sieve tubes of the leaf lamina, petiole, and stem were labeled with antibodies directed at PIP1s and PIP2s. While PIP2s were mostly observed in the plasma membrane, PIP1s showed both an internal membrane and plasma membrane labeling pattern. CONCLUSIONS The specificity and consistency of PIP2 labeling in sieve element plasma membranes points to high water exchange rates between sieve tubes and adjacent cells. The PIP1s may relocate between internal membranes and the plasma membrane to facilitate dynamic changes in membrane permeability of sieve elements in response to changing internal or environmental conditions. Aquaporin-mediated changes in membrane permeability of sieve tubes would also allow for some control of radial exchange of water between xylem and phloem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Stanfield
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada; ORCID id: 0000-0002-7507-7550
| | - Uwe G Hacke
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada; ORCID id: 0000-0002-7507-7550
| | - Joan Laur
- Centre de Recherche en Horticulture, Université Laval, Envirotron, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada
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19
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Mostafa I, Yoo MJ, Zhu N, Geng S, Dufresne C, Abou-Hashem M, El-Domiaty M, Chen S. Membrane Proteomics of Arabidopsis Glucosinolate Mutants cyp79B2/B3 and myb28/29. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:534. [PMID: 28443122 PMCID: PMC5387099 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (Gls) constitute a major group of natural metabolites represented by three major classes (aliphatic, indolic and aromatic) of more than 120 chemical structures. In our previous work, soluble proteins and metabolites in Arabidopsis mutants deficient of aliphatic (myb28/29) and indolic Gls (cyp79B2B3) were analyzed. Here we focus on investigating the changes at the level of membrane proteins in these mutants. Our LC/MS-MS analyses of tandem mass tag (TMT) labeled peptides derived from the cyp79B2/B3 and myb28/29 relative to wild type resulted in the identification of 4,673 proteins, from which 2,171 are membrane proteins. Fold changes and statistical analysis showed 64 increased and 74 decreased in cyp79B2/B3, while 28 increased and 17 decreased in myb28/29. As to the shared protein changes between the mutants, one protein was increased and eight were decreased. Bioinformatics analysis of the changed proteins led to the discovery of three cytochromes in glucosinolate molecular network (GMN): cytochrome P450 86A7 (At1g63710), cytochrome P450 71B26 (At3g26290), and probable cytochrome c (At1g22840). CYP86A7 and CYP71B26 may play a role in hydroxyl-indolic Gls production. In addition, flavone 3'-O-methyltransferase 1 represents an interesting finding as it is likely to participate in the methylation process of the hydroxyl-indolic Gls to form methoxy-indolic Gls. The analysis also revealed additional new nodes in the GMN related to stress and defense activity, transport, photosynthesis, and translation processes. Gene expression and protein levels were found to be correlated in the cyp79B2/B3, but not in the myb28/29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Mostafa
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig UniversityZagazig, Egypt
| | - Mi-Jeong Yoo
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sisi Geng
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Maged Abou-Hashem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig UniversityZagazig, Egypt
| | - Maher El-Domiaty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig UniversityZagazig, Egypt
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- *Correspondence: Sixue Chen
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Molecular Characterization of LRB7 Gene and a Water Channel Protein TIP2 in Chorispora bungeana. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2483258. [PMID: 27689074 PMCID: PMC5023841 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2483258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background. Water channel proteins, also called aquaporins, are integral membrane proteins from major intrinsic protein (MIP) family and involved in several pathways including not only water transport but also cell signaling, reproduction, and photosynthesis. The full cDNA and protein sequences of aquaporin in Chorispora bungeana Fisch. & C.A. Mey (C. bungeana) are still unknown. Results. In this study, PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends approaches were used to clone the full cDNA of LRB7 (GenBank accession number: EU636988) of C. bungeana. Sequence analysis indicated that it was 1235 bp, which had two introns and encoded a protein of 250 amino acids. Structure analysis revealed that the protein had two conserved NPA motifs, one of which is MIP signature sequence (SGxHxNPAVT), six membrane helix regions, and additional membrane-embedded domains. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the protein was from TIP2 subgroup. Surprisingly, semiquantitative RT-PCR experiment and western blot analysis showed that LRB7 and TIP2 were only detectable in roots, unlike Arabidopsis and Raphanus. Connecting with our previous studies, LRB7 was supported to associate with chilling-tolerance in C. bungeana. Conclusion. This is the first time to characterize the full sequences of LRB7 gene and water channel protein in C. bungeana. Our findings contribute to understanding the water transports in plants under low temperatures.
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Li R, Wang J, Li S, Zhang L, Qi C, Weeda S, Zhao B, Ren S, Guo YD. Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Proteins SlPIP2;1, SlPIP2;7 and SlPIP2;5 Conferring Enhanced Drought Stress Tolerance in Tomato. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31814. [PMID: 27545827 PMCID: PMC4992886 DOI: 10.1038/srep31814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of aquaporin (AQP) protein in transporting water is crucial for plants to survive in drought stress. With 47 homologues in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were reported, but the individual and integrated functions of aquaporins involved in drought response remains unclear. Here, three plasma membrane intrinsic protein genes, SlPIP2;1, SlPIP2;7 and SlPIP2;5, were identified as candidate aquaporins genes because of highly expressed in tomato roots. Assay on expression in Xenopus oocytes demonstrated that SlPIP2s protein displayed water channel activity and facilitated water transport into the cells. With real-time PCR and in situ hybridization analysis, SlPIP2s were considered to be involved in response to drought treatment. To test its function, transgenic Arabidopsis and tomato lines overexpressing SlPIP2;1, SlPIP2;7 or SlPIP2;5 were generated. Compared with wild type, the over-expression of SlPIP2;1, SlPIP2;7 or SlPIP2;5 transgenic Arabidopsis and tomato plants all showed significantly higher hydraulic conductivity levels and survival rates under both normal and drought conditions. Taken together, this study concludes that aquaporins (SlPIP2;1, SlPIP2;7 and SlPIP2;5) contribute substantially to root water uptake in tomato plants through improving plant water content and maintaining osmotic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Jinfang Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Shuangtao Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Chuandong Qi
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Sarah Weeda
- School of Agriculture, Virginia State University, PO Box 9061, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
| | - Bing Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Shuxin Ren
- School of Agriculture, Virginia State University, PO Box 9061, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
| | - Yang-Dong Guo
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
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Reinhardt H, Hachez C, Bienert MD, Beebo A, Swarup K, Voß U, Bouhidel K, Frigerio L, Schjoerring JK, Bennett MJ, Chaumont F. Tonoplast Aquaporins Facilitate Lateral Root Emergence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:1640-54. [PMID: 26802038 PMCID: PMC4775129 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channels allowing fast and passive diffusion of water across cell membranes. It was hypothesized that AQPs contribute to cell elongation processes by allowing water influx across the plasma membrane and the tonoplast to maintain adequate turgor pressure. Here, we report that, in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the highly abundant tonoplast AQP isoforms AtTIP1;1, AtTIP1;2, and AtTIP2;1 facilitate the emergence of new lateral root primordia (LRPs). The number of lateral roots was strongly reduced in the triple tip mutant, whereas the single, double, and triple tip mutants showed no or minor reduction in growth of the main root. This phenotype was due to the retardation of LRP emergence. Live cell imaging revealed that tight spatiotemporal control of TIP abundance in the tonoplast of the different LRP cells is pivotal to mediating this developmental process. While lateral root emergence is correlated to a reduction of AtTIP1;1 and AtTIP1;2 protein levels in LRPs, expression of AtTIP2;1 is specifically needed in a restricted cell population at the base, then later at the flanks, of developing LRPs. Interestingly, the LRP emergence phenotype of the triple tip mutants could be fully rescued by expressing AtTIP2;1 under its native promoter. We conclude that TIP isoforms allow the spatial and temporal fine-tuning of cellular water transport, which is critically required during the highly regulated process of LRP morphogenesis and emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Reinhardt
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.)
| | - Charles Hachez
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.)
| | - Manuela Désirée Bienert
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.)
| | - Azeez Beebo
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.)
| | - Kamal Swarup
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.)
| | - Ute Voß
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.)
| | - Karim Bouhidel
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Frigerio
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.)
| | - Jan K Schjoerring
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.)
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.)
| | - Francois Chaumont
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (H.R., C.H., F.C.);Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (M.D.B., J.K.S.);Université de Bourgogne, UMR1347 Agroécologie IPM, F-21000 Dijon, France (A.B., K.B.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (K.S., U.V., M.J.B.); andSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom (L.F.)
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Qing D, Yang Z, Li M, Wong WS, Guo G, Liu S, Guo H, Li N. Quantitative and Functional Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals that Ethylene Regulates Water Transport via the C-Terminal Phosphorylation of Aquaporin PIP2;1 in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:158-174. [PMID: 26476206 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene participates in the regulation of numerous cellular events and biological processes, including water loss, during leaf and flower petal wilting. The diverse ethylene responses may be regulated via dynamic interplays between protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and ubiquitin/26S proteasome-mediated protein degradation and protease cleavage. To address how ethylene alters protein phosphorylation through multi-furcated signaling pathways, we performed a (15)N stable isotope labelling-based, differential, and quantitative phosphoproteomics study on air- and ethylene-treated ethylene-insensitive Arabidopsis double loss-of-function mutant ein3-1/eil1-1. Among 535 non-redundant phosphopeptides identified, two and four phosphopeptides were up- and downregulated by ethylene, respectively. Ethylene-regulated phosphorylation of aquaporin PIP2;1 is positively correlated with the water flux rate and water loss in leaf. Genetic studies in combination with quantitative proteomics, immunoblot analysis, protoplast swelling/shrinking experiments, and leaf water loss assays on the transgenic plants expressing both the wild-type and S280A/S283A-mutated PIP2;1 in the both Col-0 and ein3eil1 genetic backgrounds suggest that ethylene increases water transport rate in Arabidopsis cells by enhancing S280/S283 phosphorylation at the C terminus of PIP2;1. Unknown kinase and/or phosphatase activities may participate in the initial up-regulation independent of the cellular functions of EIN3/EIL1. This finding contributes to our understanding of ethylene-regulated leaf wilting that is commonly observed during post-harvest storage of plant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Qing
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Wai Shing Wong
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guangyu Guo
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shichang Liu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Ning Li
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Wang C, Yue W, Ying Y, Wang S, Secco D, Liu Y, Whelan J, Tyerman SD, Shou H. Rice SPX-Major Facility Superfamily3, a Vacuolar Phosphate Efflux Transporter, Is Involved in Maintaining Phosphate Homeostasis in Rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:2822-31. [PMID: 26424157 PMCID: PMC4677894 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
To maintain a stable cytosol phosphate (Pi) concentration, plant cells store Pi in their vacuoles. When the Pi concentration in the cytosol decreases, Pi is exported from the vacuole into the cytosol. This export is mediated by Pi transporters on the tonoplast. In this study, we demonstrate that SYG1, PHO81, and XPR1 (SPX)-Major Facility Superfamily (MFS) proteins have a similar structure with yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) low-affinity Pi transporters Phosphatase87 (PHO87), PHO90, and PHO91. OsSPX-MFS1, OsSPX-MFS2, and OsSPX-MFS3 all localized on the tonoplast of rice (Oryza sativa) protoplasts, even in the absence of the SPX domain. At high external Pi concentration, OsSPX-MFS3 could partially complement the yeast mutant strain EY917 under pH 5.5, which lacks all five Pi transporters present in yeast. In oocytes, OsSPX-MFS3 was shown to facilitate Pi influx or efflux depending on the external pH and Pi concentrations. In contrast to tonoplast localization in plants cells, OsSPX-MFS3 was localized to the plasma membrane when expressed in both yeast and oocytes. Overexpression of OsSPX-MFS3 results in decreased Pi concentration in the vacuole of rice tissues. We conclude that OsSPX-MFS3 is a low-affinity Pi transporter that mediates Pi efflux from the vacuole into cytosol and is coupled to proton movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (C.W., W.Y., Y.Y., S.W., Y.L., H.S.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.W., S.D.T.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia (D.S.); andDepartment of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia (J.W.)
| | - Wenhao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (C.W., W.Y., Y.Y., S.W., Y.L., H.S.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.W., S.D.T.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia (D.S.); andDepartment of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia (J.W.)
| | - Yinghui Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (C.W., W.Y., Y.Y., S.W., Y.L., H.S.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.W., S.D.T.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia (D.S.); andDepartment of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia (J.W.)
| | - Shoudong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (C.W., W.Y., Y.Y., S.W., Y.L., H.S.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.W., S.D.T.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia (D.S.); andDepartment of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia (J.W.)
| | - David Secco
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (C.W., W.Y., Y.Y., S.W., Y.L., H.S.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.W., S.D.T.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia (D.S.); andDepartment of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia (J.W.)
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (C.W., W.Y., Y.Y., S.W., Y.L., H.S.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.W., S.D.T.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia (D.S.); andDepartment of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia (J.W.)
| | - James Whelan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (C.W., W.Y., Y.Y., S.W., Y.L., H.S.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.W., S.D.T.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia (D.S.); andDepartment of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia (J.W.)
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (C.W., W.Y., Y.Y., S.W., Y.L., H.S.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.W., S.D.T.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia (D.S.); andDepartment of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia (J.W.)
| | - Huixia Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (C.W., W.Y., Y.Y., S.W., Y.L., H.S.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (C.W., S.D.T.);Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia (D.S.); andDepartment of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia (J.W.)
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Zou Z, Gong J, Huang Q, Mo Y, Yang L, Xie G. Gene Structures, Evolution, Classification and Expression Profiles of the Aquaporin Gene Family in Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141022. [PMID: 26509832 PMCID: PMC4625025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a class of integral membrane proteins that facilitate the passive transport of water and other small solutes across biological membranes. Castor bean (Ricinus communis L., Euphobiaceae), an important non-edible oilseed crop, is widely cultivated for industrial, medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Its recently available genome provides an opportunity to analyze specific gene families. In this study, a total of 37 full-length AQP genes were identified from the castor bean genome, which were assigned to five subfamilies, including 10 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), 9 tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), 8 NOD26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), 6 X intrinsic proteins (XIPs) and 4 small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs) on the basis of sequence similarities. Functional prediction based on the analysis of the aromatic/arginine (ar/R) selectivity filter, Froger's positions and specificity-determining positions (SDPs) showed a remarkable difference in substrate specificity among subfamilies. Homology analysis supported the expression of all 37 RcAQP genes in at least one of examined tissues, e.g., root, leaf, flower, seed and endosperm. Furthermore, global expression profiles with deep transcriptome sequencing data revealed diverse expression patterns among various tissues. The current study presents the first genome-wide analysis of the AQP gene family in castor bean. Results obtained from this study provide valuable information for future functional analysis and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zou
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Jun Gong
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Qixing Huang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Yeyong Mo
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Lifu Yang
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Guishui Xie
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, P. R. China
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27
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Maurel C, Boursiac Y, Luu DT, Santoni V, Shahzad Z, Verdoucq L. Aquaporins in Plants. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:1321-58. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are membrane channels that facilitate the transport of water and small neutral molecules across biological membranes of most living organisms. In plants, aquaporins occur as multiple isoforms reflecting a high diversity of cellular localizations, transport selectivity, and regulation properties. Plant aquaporins are localized in the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, plastids and, in some species, in membrane compartments interacting with symbiotic organisms. Plant aquaporins can transport various physiological substrates in addition to water. Of particular relevance for plants is the transport of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and ammonia or metalloids such as boron and silicon. Structure-function studies are developed to address the molecular and cellular mechanisms of plant aquaporin gating and subcellular trafficking. Phosphorylation plays a central role in these two processes. These mechanisms allow aquaporin regulation in response to signaling intermediates such as cytosolic pH and calcium, and reactive oxygen species. Combined genetic and physiological approaches are now integrating this knowledge, showing that aquaporins play key roles in hydraulic regulation in roots and leaves, during drought but also in response to stimuli as diverse as flooding, nutrient availability, temperature, or light. A general hydraulic control of plant tissue expansion by aquaporins is emerging, and their role in key developmental processes (seed germination, emergence of lateral roots) has been established. Plants with genetically altered aquaporin functions are now tested for their ability to improve plant tolerance to stresses. In conclusion, research on aquaporins delineates ever expanding fields in plant integrative biology thereby establishing their crucial role in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yann Boursiac
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Doan-Trung Luu
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Santoni
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Zaigham Shahzad
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lionel Verdoucq
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Utsugi S, Shibasaka M, Maekawa M, Katsuhara M. Control of the Water Transport Activity of Barley HvTIP3;1 Specifically Expressed in Seeds. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1831-40. [PMID: 26177807 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) are involved in the transport and storage of water, and control intracellular osmotic pressure by transporting material related to the water potential of cells. In the present study, we focused on HvTIP3;1 during the periods of seed development and desiccation in barley. HvTIP3;1 was specifically expressed in seeds. An immunochemical analysis showed that HvTIP3;1 strongly accumulated in the aleurone layers and outer layers of barley seeds. The water transport activities of HvTIP3;1 and HvTIP1;2, which also accumulated in seeds, were measured in the heterologous expression system of Xenopus oocytes. When they were expressed individually, HvTIP1;2 transported water, whereas HvTIP3;1 did not. However, HvTIP3;1 exhibited water transport activity when co-expressed with HvTIP1;2 in oocytes, and this activity was higher than when HvTIP1;2 was expressed alone. This is the first report to demonstrate that the water permeability of a TIP aquaporin was activated when co-expressed with another TIP. The split-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) system in onion cells revealed that HvTIP3;1 interacted with HvTIP1;2 to form a heterotetramer in plants. These results suggest that HvTIP3;1 functions as an active water channel to regulate water movement through tissues during the periods of seed development and desiccation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeko Utsugi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Mineo Shibasaka
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Masahiko Maekawa
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Maki Katsuhara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046 Japan
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Stavang JA, Chauvigné F, Kongshaug H, Cerdà J, Nilsen F, Finn RN. Phylogenomic and functional analyses of salmon lice aquaporins uncover the molecular diversity of the superfamily in Arthropoda. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:618. [PMID: 26282991 PMCID: PMC4539701 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An emerging field in biomedical research is focusing on the roles of aquaporin water channels in parasites that cause debilitating or lethal diseases to their vertebrate hosts. The primary vectorial agents are hematophagous arthropods, including mosquitoes, flies, ticks and lice, however very little is known concerning the functional diversity of aquaporins in non-insect members of the Arthropoda. Here we conducted phylogenomic and functional analyses of aquaporins in the salmon louse, a marine ectoparasitic copepod that feeds on the skin and body fluids of salmonids, and used the primary structures of the isolated channels to uncover the genomic repertoires in Arthropoda. RESULTS Genomic screening identified 7 aquaporin paralogs in the louse in contrast to 42 in its host the Atlantic salmon. Phylogenetic inference of the louse nucleotides and proteins in relation to orthologs identified in Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea and Hexapoda revealed that the arthropod aquaporin superfamily can be classified into three major grades (1) classical aquaporins including Big brain (Bib) and Prip-like (PripL) channels (2) aquaglyceroporins (Glp) and (3) unorthodox aquaporins (Aqp12-like). In Hexapoda, two additional subfamilies exist as Drip and a recently classified entomoglyceroporin (Eglp) group. Cloning and remapping the louse cDNAs to the genomic DNA revealed that they are encoded by 1-7 exons, with two of the Glps being expressed as N-terminal splice variants (Glp1_v1, -1_v2, -3_v1, -3_v2). Heterologous expression of the cRNAs in amphibian oocytes demonstrated that PripL transports water and urea, while Bib does not. Glp1_v1, -2, -3_v1 and -3_v2 each transport water, glycerol and urea, while Glp1_v2 and the Aqp12-like channels were retained intracellularly. Transcript abundance analyses revealed expression of each louse paralog at all developmental stages, except for glp1_v1, which is specific to preadult and adult males. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the aquaporin repertoires of extant arthropods have expanded independently in the different lineages, but can be phylogenetically classified into three major grades as opposed to four present in deuterostome animals. While the aquaporin repertoire of Atlantic salmon represents a 6-fold redundancy compared to the louse, the functional assays reveal that the permeation properties of the different crustacean grades of aquaporin are largely conserved to the vertebrate counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Anders Stavang
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Francois Chauvigné
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)-Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Heidi Kongshaug
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Joan Cerdà
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)-Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Frank Nilsen
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Roderick Nigel Finn
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway.
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Chevalier AS, Chaumont F. Trafficking of plant plasma membrane aquaporins: multiple regulation levels and complex sorting signals. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:819-29. [PMID: 25520405 PMCID: PMC7107115 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins are small channel proteins which facilitate the diffusion of water and small neutral molecules across biological membranes. Compared with animals, plant genomes encode numerous aquaporins, which display a large variety of subcellular localization patterns. More specifically, plant aquaporins of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) subfamily were first described as plasma membrane (PM)-resident proteins, but recent research has demonstrated that the trafficking and subcellular localization of these proteins are complex and highly regulated. In the past few years, PIPs emerged as new model proteins to study subcellular sorting and membrane dynamics in plant cells. At least two distinct sorting motifs (one cytosolic, the other buried in the membrane) are required to direct PIPs to the PM. Hetero-oligomerization and interaction with SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor protein attachment protein receptors) also influence the subcellular trafficking of PIPs. In addition to these constitutive processes, both the progression of PIPs through the secretory pathway and their dynamics at the PM are responsive to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien S Chevalier
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4, L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - François Chaumont
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4, L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Laur J, Hacke UG. The role of water channel proteins in facilitating recovery of leaf hydraulic conductance from water stress in Populus trichocarpa. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111751. [PMID: 25406088 PMCID: PMC4236056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gas exchange is constrained by the whole-plant hydraulic conductance (Kplant). Leaves account for an important fraction of Kplant and may therefore represent a major determinant of plant productivity. Leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) decreases with increasing water stress, which is due to xylem embolism in leaf veins and/or the properties of the extra-xylary pathway. Water flow through living tissues is facilitated and regulated by water channel proteins called aquaporins (AQPs). Here we assessed changes in the hydraulic conductance of Populus trichocarpa leaves during a dehydration-rewatering episode. While leaves were highly sensitive to drought, Kleaf recovered only 2 hours after plants were rewatered. Recovery of Kleaf was absent when excised leaves were bench-dried and subsequently xylem-perfused with a solution containing AQP inhibitors. We examined the expression patterns of 12 highly expressed AQP genes during a dehydration-rehydration episode to identify isoforms that may be involved in leaf hydraulic adjustments. Among the AQPs tested, several genes encoding tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) showed large increases in expression in rehydrated leaves, suggesting that TIPs contribute to reversing drought-induced reductions in Kleaf. TIPs were localized in xylem parenchyma, consistent with a role in facilitating water exchange between xylem vessels and adjacent living cells. Dye uptake experiments suggested that reversible embolism formation in minor leaf veins contributed to the observed changes in Kleaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Laur
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Uwe G. Hacke
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Sabir F, Leandro MJ, Martins AP, Loureiro-Dias MC, Moura TF, Soveral G, Prista C. Exploring three PIPs and three TIPs of grapevine for transport of water and atypical substrates through heterologous expression in aqy-null yeast. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102087. [PMID: 25111598 PMCID: PMC4128642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are membrane channels that facilitate the transport of water and other small molecules across the cellular membranes. We examined the role of six aquaporins of Vitis vinifera (cv. Touriga nacional) in the transport of water and atypical substrates (other than water) in an aqy-null strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Their functional characterization for water transport was performed by stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy. The evaluation of permeability coefficients (Pf) and activation energies (Ea) revealed that three aquaporins (VvTnPIP2;1, VvTnTIP1;1 and VvTnTIP2;2) are functional for water transport, while the other three (VvTnPIP1;4, VvTnPIP2;3 and VvTnTIP4;1) are non-functional. TIPs (VvTnTIP1;1 and VvTnTIP2;2) exhibited higher water permeability than VvTnPIP2;1. All functional aquaporins were found to be sensitive to HgCl2, since their water conductivity was reduced (24-38%) by the addition of 0.5 mM HgCl2. Expression of Vitis aquaporins caused different sensitive phenotypes to yeast strains when grown under hyperosmotic stress generated by KCl or sorbitol. Our results also indicate that Vitis aquaporins are putative transporters of other small molecules of physiological importance. Their sequence analyses revealed the presence of signature sequences for transport of ammonia, boron, CO2, H2O2 and urea. The phenotypic growth variations of yeast cells showed that heterologous expression of Vitis aquaporins increased susceptibility to externally applied boron and H2O2, suggesting the contribution of Vitis aquaporins in the transport of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Sabir
- Centre for Botany Applied to Agriculture (CBAA), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria José Leandro
- Centre for Botany Applied to Agriculture (CBAA), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Martins
- Centre for Botany Applied to Agriculture (CBAA), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria C. Loureiro-Dias
- Centre for Botany Applied to Agriculture (CBAA), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa F. Moura
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Dept. de Bioquímica e Biologia Humana, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Prista
- Centre for Botany Applied to Agriculture (CBAA), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Laur J, Hacke UG. Exploring Picea glauca aquaporins in the context of needle water uptake and xylem refilling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:388-400. [PMID: 24702644 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Conifer needles have been reported to absorb water under certain conditions. Radial water movement across needle tissues is likely influenced by aquaporin (AQP) water channels. Foliar water uptake and AQP localization in Picea glauca needles were studied using physiological and microscopic methods. AQP expression was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Members of the AQP gene family in spruce were identified using homology search tools. Needles of drought-stressed plants absorbed water when exposed to high relative humidity (RH). AQPs were present in the endodermis-like bundle sheath, in phloem cells and in the transfusion parenchyma of needles. Up-regulation of AQPs in high RH coincided with embolism repair in stem xylem. The present study also provides the most comprehensive functional and phylogenetic analysis of spruce AQPs to date. Thirty putative complete AQP sequences were found. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that AQPs facilitate radial water movement from the needle epidermis towards the vascular tissue. Foliar water uptake may occur in late winter when needles are covered by melting snow and may provide a water source for embolism repair before the beginning of the growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Laur
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Uwe G Hacke
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
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Chen YA, Chi WC, Trinh NN, Huang LY, Chen YC, Cheng KT, Huang TL, Lin CY, Huang HJ. Transcriptome profiling and physiological studies reveal a major role for aromatic amino acids in mercury stress tolerance in rice seedlings. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95163. [PMID: 24840062 PMCID: PMC4026224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a serious environmental pollution threat to the planet. The accumulation of Hg in plants disrupts many cellular-level functions and inhibits growth and development, but the mechanism is not fully understood. To gain more insight into the cellular response to Hg, we performed a large-scale analysis of the rice transcriptome during Hg stress. Genes induced with short-term exposure represented functional categories of cell-wall formation, chemical detoxification, secondary metabolism, signal transduction and abiotic stress response. Moreover, Hg stress upregulated several genes involved in aromatic amino acids (Phe and Trp) and increased the level of free Phe and Trp content. Exogenous application of Phe and Trp to rice roots enhanced tolerance to Hg and effectively reduced Hg-induced production of reactive oxygen species. Hg induced calcium accumulation and activated mitogen-activated protein kinase. Further characterization of the Hg-responsive genes we identified may be helpful for better understanding the mechanisms of Hg in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-An Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Chang Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ngoc Nam Trinh
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Yao Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Chih Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Teng Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsai-Lien Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Yi Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hao-Jen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- * E-mail:
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Mayr S, Schmid P, Laur J, Rosner S, Charra-Vaskou K, Dämon B, Hacke UG. Uptake of water via branches helps timberline conifers refill embolized xylem in late winter. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1731-40. [PMID: 24521876 PMCID: PMC3982737 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.236646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Xylem embolism is a limiting factor for woody species worldwide. Conifers at the alpine timberline are exposed to drought and freeze-thaw stress during winter, which induce potentially lethal embolism. Previous studies indicated that timberline trees survive by xylem refilling. In this study on Picea abies, refilling was monitored during winter and spring seasons and analyzed in the laboratory and in situ experiments, based on hydraulic, anatomical, and histochemical methods. Refilling started in late winter, when the soil was frozen and soil water not available for the trees. Xylem embolism caused up to 86.2% ± 3.1% loss of conductivity and was correlated with the ratio of closed pits. Refilling of xylem as well as recovery in shoot conductance started in February and corresponded with starch accumulation in secondary phloem and in the mesophyll of needles, where we also observed increasing aquaporin densities in the phloem and endodermis. This indicates that active, cellular processes play a role for refilling even under winter conditions. As demonstrated by our experiments, water for refilling was thereby taken up via the branches, likely by foliar water uptake. Our results suggest that refilling is based on water shifts to embolized tracheids via intact xylem, phloem, and parenchyma, whereby aquaporins reduce resistances along the symplastic pathway and aspirated pits facilitate isolation of refilling tracheids. Refilling must be taken into account as a key process in plant hydraulics and in estimating future effects of climate change on forests and alpine tree ecosystems.
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Tazawa M, Asai K, Iwasaki N. Characteristics of Hg- and Zn-sensitive Water Channels in the Plasma Membrane ofCharaCells*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1996.tb00588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Feng H, Xia X, Fan X, Xu G, Miller AJ. Optimizing plant transporter expression in Xenopus oocytes. PLANT METHODS 2013; 9:48. [PMID: 24359672 PMCID: PMC3878178 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-9-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid improvements in DNA synthesis technology are revolutionizing gene cloning and the characterization of their encoded proteins. Xenopus laevis oocytes are a commonly used heterologous system for the expression and functional characterization of membrane proteins. For many plant proteins, particularly transporters, low levels of expression can limit functional activity in these cells making it difficult to characterize the protein. Improvements in synthetic DNA technology now make it quick, easy and relatively cheap to optimize the codon usage of plant cDNAs for Xenopus. We have tested if this optimization process can improve the functional activity of a two-component plant nitrate transporter assayed in oocytes. RESULTS We used the generally available software (http://www.kazusa.or.jp/codon/; http://genomes.urv.es/OPTIMIZER/) to predict a DNA sequence for the plant gene that is better suited for Xenopus laevis. Rice OsNAR2.1 and OsNRT2.3a DNA optimized sequences were commercially synthesized for Xenopus expression. The template DNA was used to synthesize cRNA using a commercially available kit. Oocytes were injected with cRNA mixture of optimized and original OsNAR2.1 and OsNRT2.3a. Oocytes injected with cRNA obtained from using the optimized DNA template could accumulate significantly more NO3- than the original genes after 16 h incubation in 0.5 mM Na15NO3. Two-electrode voltage clamp analysis of the oocytes confirmed that the codon optimized template resulted in significantly larger currents when compared with the original rice cDNA. CONCLUSION The functional activity of a rice high affinity nitrate transporter in oocytes was improved by DNA codon optimization of the genes. This methodology offers the prospect for improved expression and better subsequent functional characterization of plant proteins in the Xenopus oocyte system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Xiudong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Anthony J Miller
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park NR4 7UH, UK
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Lopez D, Venisse JS, Fumanal B, Chaumont F, Guillot E, Daniels MJ, Cochard H, Julien JL, Gousset-Dupont A. Aquaporins and leaf hydraulics: poplar sheds new light. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:1963-1975. [PMID: 24058149 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To help understand leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) modulation under high irradiance, well-watered poplars (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray ex Hook and Populus nigra L.) were studied diurnally at molecular and ecophysiological scales. Transcriptional and translational modulations of plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) aquaporins were evaluated in leaf samples during diurnal time courses. Among the 15 poplar PIP genes, a subset of two PIP1s and seven PIP2s are precociously induced within the first hour of the photoperiod concomitantly with a Kleaf increase. Since expression patterns were cyclic and reproducible over several days, we hypothesized that endogenous signals could be involved in PIP transcriptional regulation. To address this question, plants were submitted to forced darkness during their subjective photoperiod and compared with their control counterparts, which showed that some PIP1s and PIP2s have circadian regulation while others did not. Promoter analysis revealed that a large number of hormone, light, stress response and circadian elements are present. Finally, involvement of aquaporins is supported by the reduction of Kleaf by HgCl2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lopez
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Perez Di Giorgio J, Soto G, Alleva K, Jozefkowicz C, Amodeo G, Muschietti JP, Ayub ND. Prediction of Aquaporin Function by Integrating Evolutionary and Functional Analyses. J Membr Biol 2013; 247:107-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Mercury increases water permeability of a plant aquaporin through a non-cysteine-related mechanism. Biochem J 2013; 454:491-9. [PMID: 23819815 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Water transport across cellular membranes is mediated by a family of membrane proteins known as AQPs (aquaporins). AQPs were first discovered on the basis of their ability to be inhibited by mercurial compounds, an experiment which has followed the AQP field ever since. Although mercury inhibition is most common, many AQPs are mercury insensitive. In plants, regulation of AQPs is important in order to cope with environmental changes. Plant plasma membrane AQPs are known to be gated by phosphorylation, pH and Ca²⁺. We have previously solved the structure of the spinach AQP SoPIP2;1 (Spinacia oleracea plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2;1) in closed and open conformations and proposed a mechanism for how this gating can be achieved. To study the effect of mercury on SoPIP2;1 we solved the structure of the SoPIP2;1-mercury complex and characterized the water transport ability using proteoliposomes. The structure revealed mercury binding to three out of four cysteine residues. In contrast to what is normally seen for AQPs, mercury increased the water transport rate of SoPIP2;1, an effect which could not be attributed to any of the cysteine residues. This indicates that other factors might influence the effect of mercury on SoPIP2;1, one of which could be the properties of the lipid bilayer.
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Chen K, Wang X, Fessehaie A, Yin Y, Wang X, Arora R. Is expression of aquaporins (plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2s, PIP2s) associated with thermonasty (leaf-curling) in Rhododendron? JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:1447-1454. [PMID: 23850223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It is postulated that leaf thermonasty (leaf curling) in rhododendrons under sub-freezing temperatures is caused by water redistribution due to extracellular freezing. We hypothesize that aquaporins (AQPs), the transmembrane water-channels, may be involved in regulating water redistribution and thus leaf curling. Our experimental system includes two Rhododendron species with contrasting leaf curling behavior whereby it was observed in R. catawbiense but not in R. ponticum. We compared leaf movements and the expression of two AQPs, i.e. R. catawbiense/ponticum plasma-membrane intrinsic protein 2 (Rc/RpPIP2;1 and Rc/RpPIP2;2), in the two species under freezing-rewarming and dehydration-rehydration cycles. To determine the relationship between extracellular freezing and leaf-curling, we monitored leaf-curling in R. catawbiense with or without controlled ice-nucleation. Our data indicate that extracellular freezing may be required for leaf curling. Moreover, in both species, PIP2s were up-regulated at temperatures that fell in ice-nucleation temperature range. Such up-regulation could be associated with the bulk-water efflux caused by extracellular freezing. When leaves were frozen beyond the ice-nucleation temperature range, PIP2s were continuously down-regulated in R. catawbiense along with the progressive leaf curling, as also observed for RcPIP2;2 in dehydrated leaves; as leaves uncurled during re-warming/rehydration, RcPIP2 expression was restored. On the other hand, R. ponticum, a non-curling species, exhibited substantial up-regulation of RpPIP2s during freezing/dehydration. Taken together, our data suggest that RcPIP2 down-regulation was associated with leaf curling. Moreover, the contrasting PIP2 expression patterns combined with leaf behavior of R. catawbiense and R. ponticum under these two cycles may reflect different strategies employed by these two species to tolerate/resist cellular dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keting Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Gambetta GA, Fei J, Rost TL, Knipfer T, Matthews MA, Shackel KA, Walker MA, McElrone AJ. Water uptake along the length of grapevine fine roots: developmental anatomy, tissue-specific aquaporin expression, and pathways of water transport. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:1254-65. [PMID: 24047863 PMCID: PMC3813648 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.221283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To better understand water uptake patterns in root systems of woody perennial crops, we detailed the developmental anatomy and hydraulic physiology along the length of grapevine (Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris) fine roots from the tip to secondary growth zones. Our characterization included the localization of suberized structures and aquaporin gene expression and the determination of hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) and aquaporin protein activity (via chemical inhibition) in different root zones under both osmotic and hydrostatic pressure gradients. Tissue-specific messenger RNA levels of the plasma membrane aquaporin isogenes (VvPIPs) were quantified using laser-capture microdissection and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our results highlight dramatic changes in structure and function along the length of grapevine fine roots. Although the root tip lacked suberization altogether, a suberized exodermis and endodermis developed in the maturation zone, which gave way to the secondary growth zone containing a multilayer suberized periderm. Longitudinally, VvPIP isogenes exhibited strong peaks of expression in the root tip that decreased precipitously along the root length in a pattern similar to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots. In the radial orientation, expression was always greatest in interior tissues (i.e. stele, endodermis, and/or vascular tissues) for all root zones. High Lpr and aquaporin protein activity were associated with peak VvPIP expression levels in the root tip. This suggests that aquaporins play a limited role in controlling water uptake in secondary growth zones, which contradicts existing theoretical predictions. Despite having significantly lower Lpr, woody roots can constitute the vast majority of the root system surface area in mature vines and thus provide for significant water uptake potential.
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Li DD, Ruan XM, Zhang J, Wu YJ, Wang XL, Li XB. Cotton plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2s (PIP2s) selectively interact to regulate their water channel activities and are required for fibre development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 199:695-707. [PMID: 23656428 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins are thought to be associated with water transport and play important roles in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fibre elongation. Among aquaporins, plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) constitute a plasma-membrane-specific subfamily and are further subdivided into PIP1 and PIP2 groups. In this study, four fibre-preferential GhPIP2 genes were functionally characterized. The selective interactions among GhPIP2s and their interaction proteins were studied in detail to elucidate the molecular mechanism of cotton fibre development. GhPIP2;3 interacted with GhPIP2;4 and GhPIP2;6, but GhPIP2;6 did not interact with GhPIP2;4. Coexpression of GhPIP2;3/2;4 or GhPIP2;3/2;6 resulted in a positive cooperative effect which increased the permeability coefficient of oocytes, while GhPIP2;4/2;6 did not. GhBCP2 (a blue copper-binding protein) inhibited GhPIP2;6 water channel activity through their interaction. Overexpression of GhPIP2 genes in yeast induced longitudinal growth of the host cells. By contrast, knockdown of expression of GhPIP2 genes in cotton by RNA interference markedly hindered fibre elongation. In conclusion, GhPIP2 proteins are the primary aquaporin isoforms in fibres. They selectively form hetero-oligomers in order to regulate their activities to meet the requirements for rapid fibre elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Di Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Hachez C, Besserer A, Chevalier AS, Chaumont F. Insights into plant plasma membrane aquaporin trafficking. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 18:344-52. [PMID: 23291163 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) are plant aquaporins that facilitate the diffusion of water and small uncharged solutes through the cell membrane. Deciphering the network of interacting proteins that modulate PIP trafficking to and activity in the plasma membrane is essential to improve our knowledge about PIP regulation and function. This review highlights the most recent advances related to PIP subcellular routing and dynamic redistribution, identifies some key molecular interacting proteins, and indicates exciting directions for future research in this field. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which plants optimize water movement might help in identifying new molecular players of agronomical relevance involved in the control of cellular water uptake and drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Hachez
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Luu DT, Maurel C. Aquaporin Trafficking in Plant Cells: An Emerging Membrane-Protein Model. Traffic 2013; 14:629-35. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes; UMR 5004 CNRS/UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier 2; F-34060; Montpellier Cedex 2; France
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47
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Zhang DY, Ali Z, Wang CB, Xu L, Yi JX, Xu ZL, Liu XQ, He XL, Huang YH, Khan IA, Trethowan RM, Ma HX. Genome-wide sequence characterization and expression analysis of major intrinsic proteins in soybean (Glycine max L.). PLoS One 2013; 8:e56312. [PMID: 23437113 PMCID: PMC3577755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Water is essential for all living organisms. Aquaporin proteins are the major facilitator of water transport activity through cell membranes of plants including soybean. These proteins are diverse in plants and belong to a large major intrinsic (MIP) protein family. In higher plants, MIPs are classified into five subfamilies including plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIP), tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIP), NOD26-like intrinsic proteins (NIP), small basic intrinsic proteins (SIP), and the recently discovered X intrinsic proteins (XIP). This paper reports genome wide assembly of soybean MIPs, their functional prediction and expression analysis. Using a bioinformatic homology search, 66 GmMIPs were identified in the soybean genome. Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences of GmMIPs divided the large and highly similar multi-gene family into 5 subfamilies: GmPIPs, GmTIPs, GmNIPs, GmSIPs and GmXIPs. GmPIPs consisted of 22 genes and GmTIPs 23, which showed high sequence similarity within subfamilies. GmNIPs contained 13 and GmSIPs 6 members which were diverse. In addition, we also identified a two member GmXIP, a distinct 5(th) subfamily. GmMIPs were further classified into twelve subgroups based on substrate selectivity filter analysis. Expression analyses were performed for a selected set of GmMIPs using semi-quantitative reverse transcription (semi-RT-qPCR) and qPCR. Our results suggested that many GmMIPs have high sequence similarity but diverse roles as evidenced by analysis of sequences and their expression. It can be speculated that GmMIPs contains true aquaporins, glyceroporins, aquaglyceroporins and mixed transport facilitators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yong Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Chang Biao Wang
- Cotton Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, Yuncheng, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Xin Yi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao Long Xu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Qing Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Lan He
- Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Hong Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Iqrar Ahmad Khan
- College of Agriculture & Applied Biology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Hong Xiang Ma
- Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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48
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Ozu M, Dorr RA, Gutiérrez F, Politi MT, Toriano R. Human AQP1 is a constitutively open channel that closes by a membrane-tension-mediated mechanism. Biophys J 2013; 104:85-95. [PMID: 23332061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.3818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents experimental results combined with model-dependent predictions regarding the osmotic-permeability regulation of human aquaporin 1 (hAQP1) expressed in Xenopus oocyte membranes. Membrane elastic properties were studied under fully controlled conditions to obtain a function that relates internal volume and pressure. This function was used to design a model in which osmotic permeability could be studied as a pressure-dependent variable. The model states that hAQP1 closes with membrane-tension increments. It is important to emphasize that the only parameter of the model is the initial osmotic permeability coefficient, which was obtained by model-dependent fitting. The model was contrasted with experimental records from emptied-out Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing hAQP1. Simulated results reproduce and predict volume changes in high-water-permeability membranes under hypoosmotic gradients of different magnitude, as well as under consecutive hypo- and hyperosmotic conditions. In all cases, the simulated permeability coefficients are similar to experimental values. Predicted pressure, volume, and permeability changes indicate that hAQP1 water channels can transit from a high-water-permeability state to a closed state. This behavior is reversible and occurs in a cooperative manner among monomers. We conclude that hAQP1 is a constitutively open channel that closes mediated by membrane-tension increments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Ozu
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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49
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Turyagyenda LF, Kizito EB, Ferguson M, Baguma Y, Agaba M, Harvey JJW, Osiru DSO. Physiological and molecular characterization of drought responses and identification of candidate tolerance genes in cassava. AOB PLANTS 2013; 5:plt007. [PMID: 23519782 PMCID: PMC3604649 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plt007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cassava is an important root crop to resource-poor farmers in marginal areas, where its production faces drought stress constraints. Given the difficulties associated with cassava breeding, a molecular understanding of drought tolerance in cassava will help in the identification of markers for use in marker-assisted selection and genes for transgenic improvement of drought tolerance. This study was carried out to identify candidate drought-tolerance genes and expression-based markers of drought stress in cassava. One drought-tolerant (improved variety) and one drought-susceptible (farmer-preferred) cassava landrace were grown in the glasshouse under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. Their morphological, physiological and molecular responses to drought were characterized. Morphological and physiological measurements indicate that the tolerance of the improved variety is based on drought avoidance, through reduction of water loss via partial stomatal closure. Ten genes that have previously been biologically validated as conferring or being associated with drought tolerance in other plant species were confirmed as being drought responsive in cassava. Four genes (MeALDH, MeZFP, MeMSD and MeRD28) were identified as candidate cassava drought-tolerance genes, as they were exclusively up-regulated in the drought-tolerant genotype to comparable levels known to confer drought tolerance in other species. Based on these genes, we hypothesize that the basis of the tolerance at the cellular level is probably through mitigation of the oxidative burst and osmotic adjustment. This study provides an initial characterization of the molecular response of cassava to drought stress resembling field conditions. The drought-responsive genes can now be used as expression-based markers of drought stress tolerance in cassava, and the candidate tolerance genes tested in the context of breeding (as possible quantitative trait loci) and engineering drought tolerance in transgenics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laban F. Turyagyenda
- Makerere University-Uganda, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
- National Agriculture Research Organization (NARO)-Uganda, PO Box 295, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Elizabeth B. Kizito
- National Agriculture Research Organization (NARO)-Uganda, PO Box 295, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Morag Ferguson
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c/o International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100,Kenya
| | - Yona Baguma
- National Agriculture Research Organization (NARO)-Uganda, PO Box 295, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Morris Agaba
- The Nelson Mandela Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa–International Livestock Research Institute (BecA–ILRI) Hub, PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Jagger J. W. Harvey
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa–International Livestock Research Institute (BecA–ILRI) Hub, PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Corresponding authors' e-mail addresses: ,
| | - David S. O. Osiru
- Makerere University-Uganda, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
- Corresponding authors' e-mail addresses: ,
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50
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A conserved cysteine residue is involved in disulfide bond formation between plant plasma membrane aquaporin monomers. Biochem J 2012; 445:101-11. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AQPs (aquaporins) are conserved in all kingdoms of life and facilitate the rapid diffusion of water and/or other small solutes across cell membranes. Among the different plant AQPs, PIPs (plasma membrane intrinsic proteins), which fall into two phylogenetic groups, PIP1 and PIP2, play key roles in plant water transport processes. PIPs form tetramers in which each monomer acts as a functional channel. The intermolecular interactions that stabilize PIP oligomer complexes and are responsible for the resistance of PIP dimers to denaturating conditions are not well characterized. In the present study, we identified a highly conserved cysteine residue in loop A of PIP1 and PIP2 proteins and demonstrated by mutagenesis that it is involved in the formation of a disulfide bond between two monomers. Although this cysteine seems not to be involved in regulation of trafficking to the plasma membrane, activity, substrate selectivity or oxidative gating of ZmPIP1s (Zm is Zea mays), ZmPIP2s and hetero-oligomers, it increases oligomer stability under denaturating conditions. In addition, when PIP1 and PIP2 are co-expressed, the loop A cysteine of ZmPIP1;2, but not that of ZmPIP2;5, is involved in the mercury sensitivity of the channels.
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