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Delmer D, Dixon RA, Keegstra K, Mohnen D. The plant cell wall-dynamic, strong, and adaptable-is a natural shapeshifter. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1257-1311. [PMID: 38301734 PMCID: PMC11062476 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mythology is replete with good and evil shapeshifters, who, by definition, display great adaptability and assume many different forms-with several even turning themselves into trees. Cell walls certainly fit this definition as they can undergo subtle or dramatic changes in structure, assume many shapes, and perform many functions. In this review, we cover the evolution of knowledge of the structures, biosynthesis, and functions of the 5 major cell wall polymer types that range from deceptively simple to fiendishly complex. Along the way, we recognize some of the colorful historical figures who shaped cell wall research over the past 100 years. The shapeshifter analogy emerges more clearly as we examine the evolving proposals for how cell walls are constructed to allow growth while remaining strong, the complex signaling involved in maintaining cell wall integrity and defense against disease, and the ways cell walls adapt as they progress from birth, through growth to maturation, and in the end, often function long after cell death. We predict the next century of progress will include deciphering cell type-specific wall polymers; regulation at all levels of polymer production, crosslinks, and architecture; and how walls respond to developmental and environmental signals to drive plant success in diverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Delmer
- Section of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Kenneth Keegstra
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Debra Mohnen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Wen X, Chen Z, Yang Z, Wang M, Jin S, Wang G, Zhang L, Wang L, Li J, Saeed S, He S, Wang Z, Wang K, Kong Z, Li F, Zhang X, Chen X, Zhu Y. A comprehensive overview of cotton genomics, biotechnology and molecular biological studies. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2214-2256. [PMID: 36899210 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is an irreplaceable economic crop currently domesticated in the human world for its extremely elongated fiber cells specialized in seed epidermis, which makes it of high research and application value. To date, numerous research on cotton has navigated various aspects, from multi-genome assembly, genome editing, mechanism of fiber development, metabolite biosynthesis, and analysis to genetic breeding. Genomic and 3D genomic studies reveal the origin of cotton species and the spatiotemporal asymmetric chromatin structure in fibers. Mature multiple genome editing systems, such as CRISPR/Cas9, Cas12 (Cpf1) and cytidine base editing (CBE), have been widely used in the study of candidate genes affecting fiber development. Based on this, the cotton fiber cell development network has been preliminarily drawn. Among them, the MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) transcription factor complex and IAA and BR signaling pathway regulate the initiation; various plant hormones, including ethylene, mediated regulatory network and membrane protein overlap fine-regulate elongation. Multistage transcription factors targeting CesA 4, 7, and 8 specifically dominate the whole process of secondary cell wall thickening. And fluorescently labeled cytoskeletal proteins can observe real-time dynamic changes in fiber development. Furthermore, research on the synthesis of cotton secondary metabolite gossypol, resistance to diseases and insect pests, plant architecture regulation, and seed oil utilization are all conducive to finding more high-quality breeding-related genes and subsequently facilitating the cultivation of better cotton varieties. This review summarizes the paramount research achievements in cotton molecular biology over the last few decades from the above aspects, thereby enabling us to conduct a status review on the current studies of cotton and provide strong theoretical support for the future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpeng Wen
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhiwen Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Zuoren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Maojun Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guangda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lingjian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianying Li
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sumbul Saeed
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shoupu He
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhaosheng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China.
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Yuxian Zhu
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Yang X, Zhao T, Rao P, Yang N, Li G, Jia L, An X, Chen Z. Morphology, sucrose metabolism and gene network reveal the molecular mechanism of seed fiber development in poplar. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125633. [PMID: 37406903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Poplar is an important tree species for ecological protection, wood production, bioenergy and urban greening; it has been widely planted worldwide. However, the catkin fibers produced by female poplars can cause environmental pollution and safety hazards during spring. This study focused on Populus tomentosa, and revealed the sucrose metabolism regulatory mechanism of catkin fibers development from morphological, physiological and molecular aspects. Paraffin section suggested that poplar catkin fibers were not seed hairs and produced from the epidermal cells of funicle and placenta. Sucrose degradation via invertase and sucrose synthase played the dominant role during poplar catkin fibers development. The expression patterns revealed that sucrose metabolism-related genes played important roles during catkin fibers development. Y1H analysis indicated that there was a potential interaction between sucrose synthase 2 (PtoSUS2)/vacuolar invertase 3 (PtoVIN3) and trichome-regulating MYB transcription factors in poplar. Finally, the two key genes, PtoSUS2 and PtoVIN3, had roles in Arabidopsis trichome density, indicating that sucrose metabolism is important in poplar catkin fibers development. This study is not only helpful for clarifying the mechanism of sucrose regulation during trichome development in perennial woody plants, but also establishes a foundation to solve poplar catkin fibers pollution through genetic engineering methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Engineering Research Center for Carbon Sequestration and Sink Enhancement by Forestry and Grass of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tianyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Engineering Research Center for Carbon Sequestration and Sink Enhancement by Forestry and Grass of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pian Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Engineering Research Center for Carbon Sequestration and Sink Enhancement by Forestry and Grass of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Engineering Research Center for Carbon Sequestration and Sink Enhancement by Forestry and Grass of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guolei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Engineering Research Center for Carbon Sequestration and Sink Enhancement by Forestry and Grass of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liming Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Engineering Research Center for Carbon Sequestration and Sink Enhancement by Forestry and Grass of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinmin An
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Engineering Research Center for Carbon Sequestration and Sink Enhancement by Forestry and Grass of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Manivannan A, Cheeran Amal T. Deciphering the complex cotton genome for improving fiber traits and abiotic stress resilience in sustainable agriculture. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6937-6953. [PMID: 37349608 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the complex cotton genome is of paramount importance in devising a strategy for sustainable agriculture. Cotton is probably the most economically important cash crop known for its cellulose-rich fiber content. The cotton genome has become an ideal model for deciphering polyploidization due to its polyploidy, setting it apart from other major crops. However, the main challenge in understanding the functional and regulatory functions of many genes in cotton is still the complex cotton polyploidy genome, which is not limited to a single role. Cotton production is vulnerable to the sensitive effects of climate change, which can alter or aggravate soil, pests, and diseases. Thus, conventional plant breeding coupled with advanced technologies has led to substantial progress being made in cotton production. GENOMICS APPROACHES IN COTTON In the frontier areas of genomics research, cotton genomics has gained momentum accomplished by robust high-throughput sequencing platforms combined with novel computational tools to make the cotton genome more tractable. Advances in long-read sequencing have allowed for the generation of the complete set of cotton gene transcripts giving incisive scientific knowledge in cotton improvement. In contrast, the integration of the latest sequencing platforms has been used to generate multiple high-quality reference genomes in diploid and tetraploid cotton. While pan-genome and 3D genomic studies are still in the early stages in cotton, it is anticipated that rapid advances in sequencing, assembly algorithms, and analysis pipelines will have a greater impact on advanced cotton research. CONCLUSIONS This review article briefly compiles substantial contributions in different areas of the cotton genome, which include genome sequencing, genes, and their molecular regulatory networks in fiber development and stress tolerance mechanism. This will greatly help us in understanding the robust genomic organization which in turn will help unearth candidate genes for functionally important agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alagarsamy Manivannan
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Thomas Cheeran Amal
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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Iqbal A, Jing N, Qiang D, Kayoumu M, Wang X, Gui H, Zhang H, Xiling Z, Meizhen S. Genotypic variation in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the cotton subtending leaves and seed cotton yield under various nitrogen levels. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:2602-2617. [PMID: 36571565 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) is the key nutrient required for high cotton production; however, its excessive use can increase the cost of production and environmental problems. Reducing the application of N while sustaining the yield is an important issue to be solved. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the genotypic variations in subtending leaf physiology and its contribution to seed cotton yield of contrasting N-efficient cotton genotypes under various N levels in pot and field conditions. RESULTS The results showed that the application of N increased the enzymatic activities related to carbon (C) and N metabolisms. Under the same N level, the C/N metabolisms of the N-efficient genotypes were significantly higher than N-inefficient genotypes, indicating a strong N assimilation and photoassimilation ability in N-efficient genotypes, especially under low N level. Moreover, the antioxidant enzymatic activities were significantly higher, whereas malondialdehyde content was lower in N-efficient cotton genotypes than in N-inefficient ones. Therefore, N-efficient cotton genotypes showed strong resistance, higher C/N metabolisms, and provided sufficient dry matter for boll development. As a result, the yield, N use efficiency, and value cost ratio of the N-efficient cotton genotypes were higher than in the N-inefficient genotypes. CONCLUSION It was confirmed that the higher C/N metabolisms in the cotton subtending leaves of N-efficient cotton genotypes could support higher seed cotton yield under relatively low N application. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Niu Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Anyang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Dong Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mirezhatijiang Kayoumu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Huiping Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hengheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhang Xiling
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Song Meizhen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
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Jareczek JJ, Grover CE, Wendel JF. Cotton fiber as a model for understanding shifts in cell development under domestication. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1146802. [PMID: 36938017 PMCID: PMC10017751 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1146802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fiber provides the predominant plant textile in the world, and it is also a model for plant cell wall biosynthesis. The development of the single-celled cotton fiber takes place across several overlapping but discrete stages, including fiber initiation, elongation, the transition from elongation to secondary cell wall formation, cell wall thickening, and maturation and cell death. During each stage, the developing fiber undergoes a complex restructuring of genome-wide gene expression change and physiological/biosynthetic processes, which ultimately generate a strikingly elongated and nearly pure cellulose product that forms the basis of the global cotton industry. Here, we provide an overview of this developmental process focusing both on its temporal as well as evolutionary dimensions. We suggest potential avenues for further improvement of cotton as a crop plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef J. Jareczek
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Biology Department, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Corrinne E. Grover
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jonathan F. Wendel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Tian Z, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Jiang B, Wang H, Gao R, Friml J, Xiao G. Strigolactones act downstream of gibberellins to regulate fiber cell elongation and cell wall thickness in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4816-4839. [PMID: 36040191 PMCID: PMC9709996 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of phytohormones that regulate plant shoot branching and adventitious root development. However, little is known regarding the role of SLs in controlling the behavior of the smallest unit of the organism, the single cell. Here, taking advantage of a classic single-cell model offered by the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber cell, we show that SLs, whose biosynthesis is fine-tuned by gibberellins (GAs), positively regulate cell elongation and cell wall thickness by promoting the biosynthesis of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and cellulose, respectively. Furthermore, we identified two layers of transcription factors (TFs) involved in the hierarchical regulation of this GA-SL crosstalk. The top-layer TF GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR 4 (GhGRF4) directly activates expression of the SL biosynthetic gene DWARF27 (D27) to increase SL accumulation in fiber cells and GAs induce GhGRF4 expression. SLs induce the expression of four second-layer TF genes (GhNAC100-2, GhBLH51, GhGT2, and GhB9SHZ1), which transmit SL signals downstream to two ketoacyl-CoA synthase genes (KCS) and three cellulose synthase (CesA) genes by directly activating their transcription. Finally, the KCS and CesA enzymes catalyze the biosynthesis of VLCFAs and cellulose, respectively, to regulate development of high-grade cotton fibers. In addition to providing a theoretical basis for cotton fiber improvement, our results shed light on SL signaling in plant development at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liping Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an,
China
| | - Bin Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an,
China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an,
China
| | - Ruxi Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University,
Shaanxi, Yangling, China
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400
Klosterneuburg, Austria
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Dou L, Li Z, Wang H, Li H, Xiao G, Zhang X. The hexokinase Gene Family in Cotton: Genome-Wide Characterization and Bioinformatics Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:882587. [PMID: 35651774 PMCID: PMC9149573 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.882587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hexokinase (HXK) is involved in hexose phosphorylation, sugar sensing, and signal transduction, all of which regulate plant growth and adaptation to stresses. Gossypium hirsutum L. is one of the most important fiber crops in the world, however, little is known about the HXKs gene family in G. hirsutum L. We identified 17 GhHXKs from the allotetraploid G. hirsutum L. genome (AADD). G. raimondii (DD) and G. arboreum (AA) are the diploid progenitors of G. hirsutum L. and contributed equally to the At_genome and Dt_genome GhHXKs genes. The chromosomal locations and exon-intron structures of GhHXK genes among cotton species are conservative. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the HXK proteins into four and three groups based on whether they were monocotyledons and dicotyledons, respectively. Duplication event analysis demonstrated that HXKs in G. hirsutum L. primarily originated from segmental duplication, which prior to diploid hybridization. Experiments of qRT-PCR, transcriptome and promoter cis-elements demonstrated that GhHXKs' promoters have auxin and GA responsive elements that are highly expressed in the fiber initiation and elongation stages, while the promoters contain ABA-, MeJA-, and SA-responsive elements that are highly expressed during the synthesis of the secondary cell wall. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the GhHXK gene family is a vital fiber crop, which lays the foundation for future studies assessing its role in fiber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Dou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zihan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - HuaiZhu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, China
| | - Guanghui Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Guanghui Xiao,
| | - Xianliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Xianliang Zhang,
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9
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Shang X, Zhu L, Duan Y, He Q, Zhao M, Yu Y, Guo W. An Easy and Rapid Transformation Protocol for Transient Expression in Cotton Fiber. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:837994. [PMID: 35392510 PMCID: PMC8980934 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.837994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fiber is the most important natural textile material in the world. Identification and functional characterization of genes regulating fiber development are fundamental for improving fiber quality and yield. However, stable cotton transformation is time-consuming, low in efficiency, and technically complex. Moreover, heterologous systems, such as Arabidopsis and tobacco, did not always work to elucidate the function of cotton fiber specifically expressed genes or their promoters. For these reasons, constructing a rapid transformation system using cotton fibers is necessary to study fiber's specifically expressed genes. In this study, we developed an easy and rapid Agrobacterium-mediated method for the transient transformation of genes and promoters in cotton fibers. First, we found that exogenous genes could be expressed in cotton fibers via using β-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescence protein (GFP) as reporters. Second, parameters affecting transformation efficiency, including LBA4404 Agrobacterium strain, 3 h infection time, and 2-day incubation time, were determined. Third, four different cotton genes that are specifically expressed in fibers were transiently transformed in cotton fibers, and the transcripts of these genes were detected ten to thousand times increase over the control. Fourth, GUS staining and activity analysis demonstrated that the activity profiles of GhMYB212 and GhFSN1 promoters in transformed fibers are similar to their native activity in developmental fibers. Furthermore, the transient transformation method was confirmed to be suitable for subcellular localization studies. In summary, the presented Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation method is a fast, simple, and effective system for promoter characterization and protein expression in cotton fibers.
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Identification of proteins associated with bast fiber growth of ramie by differential proteomic analysis. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:865. [PMID: 34856929 PMCID: PMC8638140 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ramie is an important fiber-producing crop in China, and its fibers are widely used as textile materials. Fibers contain specialized secondary cellular walls that are mainly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. Understanding the mechanism underlying the secondary wall biosynthesis of fibers will benefit the improvement of fiber yield and quality in ramie. Results Here, we performed a proteomic analysis of the bark from the top and middle parts of the stem, where fiber growth is at different stages. We identified 6971 non-redundant proteins from bast bark. Proteomic comparison revealed 983 proteins with differential expression between the two bark types. Of these 983 proteins, 46 were identified as the homolog of known secondary wall biosynthetic proteins of Arabidopsis, indicating that they were potentially associated with fiber growth. Then, we proposed a molecular model for the secondary wall biosynthesis of ramie fiber. Furthermore, interaction analysis of 46 candidate proteins revealed two interacting networks that consisted of eight cellulose biosynthetic enzymes and seven lignin biosynthetic proteins, respectively. Conclusion This study sheds light on the proteomic basis underlying bast fiber growth in ramie, and the identification of many candidates associated with fiber growth provides important basis for understanding the fiber growth in this crop. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08195-9.
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Ma Z, Zhang Y, Wu L, Zhang G, Sun Z, Li Z, Jiang Y, Ke H, Chen B, Liu Z, Gu Q, Wang Z, Wang G, Yang J, Wu J, Yan Y, Meng C, Li L, Li X, Mo S, Wu N, Ma L, Chen L, Zhang M, Si A, Yang Z, Wang N, Wu L, Zhang D, Cui Y, Cui J, Lv X, Li Y, Shi R, Duan Y, Tian S, Wang X. High-quality genome assembly and resequencing of modern cotton cultivars provide resources for crop improvement. Nat Genet 2021; 53:1385-1391. [PMID: 34373642 PMCID: PMC8423627 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cotton produces natural fiber for the textile industry. The genetic effects of genomic structural variations underlying agronomic traits remain unclear. Here, we generate two high-quality genomes of Gossypium hirsutum cv. NDM8 and Gossypium barbadense acc. Pima90, and identify large-scale structural variations in the two species and 1,081 G. hirsutum accessions. The density of structural variations is higher in the D-subgenome than in the A-subgenome, indicating that the D-subgenome undergoes stronger selection during species formation and variety development. Many structural variations in genes and/or regulatory regions potentially influencing agronomic traits were discovered. Of 446 significantly associated structural variations, those for fiber quality and Verticillium wilt resistance are located mainly in the D-subgenome and those for yield mainly in the A-subgenome. Our research provides insight into the role of structural variations in genotype-to-phenotype relationships and their potential utility in crop improvement. High-quality genomes of two cultivated tetraploid cottons Gossypium hirsutum cv. NDM8 and Gossypium barbadense acc. Pima90 and resequencing of 1,081 G. hirsutum accessions provide insights into the role of structural variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
| | - Liqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Guiyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhengwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhikun Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yafei Jiang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Huifeng Ke
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Qishen Gu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Guoning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jinhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Chengsheng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiuxin Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojing Mo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Limei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Liting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Aijun Si
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhanwu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lizhu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanru Cui
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xing Lv
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Rongkang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yihong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shilin Tian
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Xingfen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
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12
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Xu F, Chen Q, Huang L, Luo M. Advances about the Roles of Membranes in Cotton Fiber Development. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11070471. [PMID: 34202386 PMCID: PMC8307351 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cotton fiber is an extremely elongated single cell derived from the ovule epidermis and is an ideal model for studying cell development. The plasma membrane is tremendously expanded and accompanied by the coordination of various physiological and biochemical activities on the membrane, one of the three major systems of a eukaryotic cell. This review compiles the recent progress and advances for the roles of the membrane in cotton fiber development: the functions of membrane lipids, especially the fatty acids, sphingolipids, and phytosterols; membrane channels, including aquaporins, the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, vacuolar invertase, and plasmodesmata; and the regulation mechanism of membrane proteins, such as membrane binding enzymes, annexins, and receptor-like kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (F.X.); (L.H.)
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - Li Huang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (F.X.); (L.H.)
| | - Ming Luo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (F.X.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Huang G, Huang JQ, Chen XY, Zhu YX. Recent Advances and Future Perspectives in Cotton Research. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:437-462. [PMID: 33428477 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-080720-113241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is not only the world's most important natural fiber crop, but it is also an ideal system in which to study genome evolution, polyploidization, and cell elongation. With the assembly of five different cotton genomes, a cotton-specific whole-genome duplication with an allopolyploidization process that combined the A- and D-genomes became evident. All existing A-genomes seemed to originate from the A0-genome as a common ancestor, and several transposable element bursts contributed to A-genome size expansion and speciation. The ethylene production pathway is shown to regulate fiber elongation. A tip-biased diffuse growth mode and several regulatory mechanisms, including plant hormones, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications, are involved in fiber development. Finally, we describe the involvement of the gossypol biosynthetic pathway in the manipulation of herbivorous insects, the role of GoPGF in gland formation, and host-induced gene silencing for pest and disease control. These new genes, modules, and pathways will accelerate the genetic improvement of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gai Huang
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jin-Quan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Xian Zhu
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
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14
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He Q, Zeng Z, Li F, Huang R, Wang Y, Liu T. Ubiquitylome analysis reveals the involvement of ubiquitination in the bast fiber growth of ramie. PLANTA 2021; 254:1. [PMID: 34081200 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A total of 249 sites from 197 proteins showed a differential ubiquitination level in the fiber development of ramie barks. The function of two differentially ubiquitinated proteins for fiber growth was demonstrated. Ubiquitination is one of the most common post-translational modifications of proteins, and it plays essential roles in plant growth and development. However, the involvement of ubiquitination in the growth of plant fibers remains largely unknown. We compared the ubiquitylome of the top and middle stems of ramie bark, with different fiber growth stages. We identified 249 differentially ubiquitinated sites in 197 proteins in fiber-developing barks in the stems and found that seven were homologs of Arabidopsis proteins associated with fiber growth. Overexpression of the differentially ubiquitinated proteins, RWA3 homolog whole_GLEAN_10024150 and MYB protein whole_GLEAN_10015497, significantly promoted fiber growth in transgenic Arabidopsis, indicating their involvement in this process. We also found that the abundance of these proteins decreased when their ubiquitination levels increased and vice versa in the fiber-developing bark. These results indicated that the abundance of these two proteins was adjusted through ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Collectively, our findings provide important insights into the involvement of ubiquitination in the growth of ramie fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun He
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Fu Li
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Renyan Huang
- Hunan Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yanzhou Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Touming Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China.
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15
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Mareri L, Guerriero G, Hausman JF, Cai G. Purification and Biochemical Characterization of Sucrose synthase from the Stem of Nettle ( Urtica dioica L.). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020851. [PMID: 33467001 PMCID: PMC7829918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucrose synthase is a key enzyme in sucrose metabolism as it saves an important part of sucrose energy in the uridine-5'-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glucose) molecule. As such it is also involved in the synthesis of fundamental molecules such as callose and cellulose, the latter being present in all cell walls of plant cells and therefore also in the gelatinous cell walls of sclerenchyma cells such as bast fibers. Given the importance of these cells in plants of economic interest such as hemp, flax and nettle, in this work we have studied the occurrence of Sucrose synthase in nettle stems by analyzing its distribution between the cytosol, membranes and cell wall. We have therefore developed a purification protocol that can allow the analysis of various characteristics of the enzyme. In nettle, Sucrose synthase is encoded by different genes and each form of the enzyme could be subjected to different post-translational modifications. Therefore, by two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis, we have also traced the phosphorylation profile of Sucrose synthase isoforms in the various cell compartments. This information paves the way for further investigation of Sucrose synthase in plants such as nettle, which is both economically important, but also difficult to study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Mareri
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-232856
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 rue Bommel, Z.A.E. Robert Steichen, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg; (G.G.); (J.-F.H.)
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 rue Bommel, Z.A.E. Robert Steichen, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg; (G.G.); (J.-F.H.)
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy;
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16
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Hu W, Huang Y, Loka DA, Bai H, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhou Z. Drought-induced disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism in anthers and male abortion of two Gossypium hirsutum cultivars differing in drought tolerance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:195-206. [PMID: 31680208 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cotton pollen abortion, under drought stress, was closely associated with changes in anther carbohydrate metabolism, and pollen abortion rate due to drought was higher in drought-sensitive cultivars than drought-tolerant cultivars. Cotton reproductive failure under drought stress is intrinsically connected with altered male fertility, however, studies investigating the effect of drought stress on cotton male fertility are nonexistent. Thus, a drought stress experiment was conducted with two cotton cultivars, differing in drought tolerance, to study pollen fertility and anthers' physiology. Results indicated that drought stress reduced pollen fertility of both cultivars due to decreases in anther starch and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. Lower assimilate supply capacity in conjunction with impaired activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and soluble starch synthase were the main reasons for the decreased starch levels in drought-stressed anthers. The decreased activities of sucrose synthetase and acid invertase were responsible for the higher sucrose level in drought-stressed anthers than well-watered anthers and the changing trend of sucrose was intensified by the decreased expressions of sucrose synthase genes (GhSusA, GhSusB, GhSusD) and acid invertase genes (GhINV1, GhINV2). However, despite sucrose degradation being limited in drought-stressed anthers, glucose level was higher in droughted anthers than well-watered ones, and that might be attributed to the down-regulated respiration since decreased anther ATP levels were detected in drought-stressed plants. Furthermore, compared to the drought-tolerant cultivar, pollen fertility was more suppressed by drought stress for the drought-sensitive cultivar, and that was attributed to the larger decrease in starch and ATP contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Huang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dimitra A Loka
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, 41335, Larissa, Greece
| | - Hua Bai
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO, 64468, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Ahmed M, Iqbal A, Latif A, Din SU, Sarwar MB, Wang X, Rao AQ, Husnain T, Ali Shahid A. Overexpression of a Sucrose Synthase Gene Indirectly Improves Cotton Fiber Quality Through Sucrose Cleavage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:476251. [PMID: 33281834 PMCID: PMC7688987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.476251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to improve fiber traits of local cotton cultivar through genetic transformation of sucrose synthase (SuS) gene in cotton. Sucrose synthase (SuS) is an important factor that is involved in the conversion of sucrose to fructose and UDP-glucose, which are essential for the synthesis of cell wall cellulose. In the current study, we expressed a synthetic SuS gene in cotton plants under the control of a CaMV35S promoter. Amplification of an 813-bp fragment using gene-specific primers confirmed the successful introduction of SuS gene into the genome of cotton variety CEMB-00. High SuS mRNA expression was observed in two transgenic cotton plants, MA0023 and MA0034, when compared to the expression in two other transgenic cotton plants, MA0035 and MA0038. Experiments showed that SuS mRNA expression was positively correlated with SuS activity at the vegetative (54%) and reproductive stages (40%). Furthermore, location of transgene was found to be at chromosome no. 9 in the form of single insertion, while no signal was evident in non-transgenic control cotton plant when evaluated through fluorescent in situ hybridization and karyotyping analysis. Fiber analyses of the transgenic cotton plants showed increases of 11.7% fiber length, 18.65% fiber strength, and up to 5% cellulose contents. An improvement in the micronaire value of 4.21 was also observed in the MA0038 transgenic cotton line. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the fibers of the SuS transgenic cotton plants were highly spiral with a greater number of twists per unit length than the fibers of the non-transgenic control plants. These results determined that SuS gene expression influenced cotton fiber structure and quality, suggesting that SuS gene has great potential for cotton fiber quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtar Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Higher Education, Government Boys College Sokasan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Mukhtar Ahmed,
| | - Adnan Iqbal
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Latif
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Salah ud Din
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRM), University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Sarwar
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Xuede Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Qayyum Rao
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Abdul Qayyum Rao,
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Ali Shahid
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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18
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Souza GM, Van Sluys MA, Lembke CG, Lee H, Margarido GRA, Hotta CT, Gaiarsa JW, Diniz AL, Oliveira MDM, Ferreira SDS, Nishiyama MY, ten-Caten F, Ragagnin GT, Andrade PDM, de Souza RF, Nicastro GG, Pandya R, Kim C, Guo H, Durham AM, Carneiro MS, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Ming R, Schatz MC, Davidson B, Paterson AH, Heckerman D. Assembly of the 373k gene space of the polyploid sugarcane genome reveals reservoirs of functional diversity in the world's leading biomass crop. Gigascience 2019; 8:giz129. [PMID: 31782791 PMCID: PMC6884061 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugarcane cultivars are polyploid interspecific hybrids of giant genomes, typically with 10-13 sets of chromosomes from 2 Saccharum species. The ploidy, hybridity, and size of the genome, estimated to have >10 Gb, pose a challenge for sequencing. RESULTS Here we present a gene space assembly of SP80-3280, including 373,869 putative genes and their potential regulatory regions. The alignment of single-copy genes in diploid grasses to the putative genes indicates that we could resolve 2-6 (up to 15) putative homo(eo)logs that are 99.1% identical within their coding sequences. Dissimilarities increase in their regulatory regions, and gene promoter analysis shows differences in regulatory elements within gene families that are expressed in a species-specific manner. We exemplify these differences for sucrose synthase (SuSy) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 2 gene families central to carbon partitioning. SP80-3280 has particular regulatory elements involved in sucrose synthesis not found in the ancestor Saccharum spontaneum. PAL regulatory elements are found in co-expressed genes related to fiber synthesis within gene networks defined during plant growth and maturation. Comparison with sorghum reveals predominantly bi-allelic variations in sugarcane, consistent with the formation of 2 "subgenomes" after their divergence ∼3.8-4.6 million years ago and reveals single-nucleotide variants that may underlie their differences. CONCLUSIONS This assembly represents a large step towards a whole-genome assembly of a commercial sugarcane cultivar. It includes a rich diversity of genes and homo(eo)logous resolution for a representative fraction of the gene space, relevant to improve biomass and food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Mendes Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marie-Anne Van Sluys
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Carolina Gimiliani Lembke
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Hayan Lee
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Koch Building #1119, Cold Spring Harbor, NY11724, United States of America
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CACA94598, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Rodrigues Alves Margarido
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Takeshi Hotta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Jonas Weissmann Gaiarsa
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Augusto Lima Diniz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mauro de Medeiros Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Sávio de Siqueira Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Milton Yutaka Nishiyama
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo, SP05503-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe ten-Caten
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Geovani Tolfo Ragagnin
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Pablo de Morais Andrade
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Robson Francisco de Souza
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av.Professor Lineu Prestes, 1734, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Gianlucca Gonçalves Nicastro
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av.Professor Lineu Prestes, 1734, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Ravi Pandya
- Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052, United States of America
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, 120 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602-7223,United States of America
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak Ro Yuseong Gu, Deajeon,34134, South Korea
| | - Hui Guo
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, 120 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602-7223,United States of America
| | - Alan Mitchell Durham
- Departamento de Ciências da Computação, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1010, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Monalisa Sampaio Carneiro
- Departamento de Biotecnologia e Produção Vegetal e Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis km 235, Araras, SP 13.565-905, Brazil
| | - Jisen Zhang
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Ray Ming
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 201 W. Gregory Dr. Urbana, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States of America
| | - Michael C Schatz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Koch Building #1119, Cold Spring Harbor, NY11724, United States of America
- Departments of Computer Science and Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street,Baltimore, MD 21218-2608, United States of America
| | - Bob Davidson
- Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052, United States of America
| | - Andrew H Paterson
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, 120 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602-7223,United States of America
| | - David Heckerman
- Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052, United States of America
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19
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Ma Q, Wang N, Hao P, Sun H, Wang C, Ma L, Wang H, Zhang X, Wei H, Yu S. Genome-wide identification and characterization of TALE superfamily genes in cotton reveals their functions in regulating secondary cell wall biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:432. [PMID: 31623554 PMCID: PMC6798366 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cotton fiber length and strength are both key traits of fiber quality, and fiber strength (FS) is tightly correlated with secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis. The three-amino-acid-loop-extension (TALE) superclass homeoproteins are involved in regulating diverse biological processes in plants, and some TALE members has been identified to play a key role in regulating SCW formation. However, little is known about the functions of TALE members in cotton (Gossypium spp.). RESULTS In the present study, based on gene homology, 46, 47, 88 and 94 TALE superfamily genes were identified in G. arboreum, G. raimondii, G. barbadense and G. hirsutum, respectively. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis showed the evolutionary conservation of two cotton TALE families (including BEL1-like and KNOX families). Gene structure analysis also indicated the conservation of GhTALE members under selection. The analysis of promoter cis-elements and expression patterns suggested potential transcriptional regulation functions in fiber SCW biosynthesis and responses to some phytohormones for GhTALE proteins. Genome-wide analysis of colocalization of TALE transcription factors with SCW-related QTLs revealed that some BEL1-like genes and KNAT7 homologs may participate in the regulation of cotton fiber strength formation. Overexpression of GhKNAT7-A03 and GhBLH6-A13 significantly inhibited the synthesis of lignocellulose in interfascicular fibers of Arabidopsis. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) experiments showed extensive heteromeric interactions between GhKNAT7 homologs and some GhBEL1-like proteins. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) experiments identified the upstream GhMYB46 binding sites in the promoter region of GhTALE members and defined the downstream genes that can be directly bound and regulated by GhTALE heterodimers. CONCLUSION We comprehensively identified TALE superfamily genes in cotton. Some GhTALE members are predominantly expressed during the cotton fiber SCW thicking stage, and may genetically correlated with the formation of FS. Class II KNOX member GhKNAT7 can interact with some GhBEL1-like members to form the heterodimers to regulate the downstream targets, and this regulatory relationship is partially conserved with Arabidopsis. In summary, this study provides important clues for further elucidating the functions of TALE genes in regulating cotton growth and development, especially in the fiber SCW biosynthesis network, and it also contributes genetic resources to the improvement of cotton fiber quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Nuohan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Pengbo Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Huiru Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Congcong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Hantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Shuxun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
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20
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Hu W, Liu Y, Loka DA, Zahoor R, Wang S, Zhou Z. Drought limits pollen tube growth rate by altering carbohydrate metabolism in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) pistils. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 286:108-117. [PMID: 31300136 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that drought stress (DS) reduces cotton yield by negatively affecting reproductive activities. Some studies have investigated the effects of DS on pollen physiology and biochemistry, but studies exploring the impact of drought on pistil biochemistry and its relationship with pollen tube growth rates in vivo are scarce. In order to investigate these objectives, a greenhouse study was conducted with a drought sensitive cotton cultivar, Yuzaomian 9110. Two water treatments were imposed at flowering stage, 1. control, where plants were irrigated with optimum quantity of water and 2. DS treatment, where plants were irrigated with 50% of the optimum quantity of water. Results indicated that stored starch content at the early stage of pollen tube growth (12:00 h) was 31.6% lower in drought-stressed pistils than control pistils, and it was highly correlated with pollen tube growth rate. The decline in starch accumulation of drought-stressed pistils could be attributed to the impeded transport of photosynthetic carbon assimilates. Moreover, decreased ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and soluble starch synthase activities also resulted in curtailing starch accumulation in drought-stressed pistils. Furthermore, pistil sucrose concentration was significantly higher in droughted plants relative to control plants at 12:00 and 18:00 h (during the rapid growth period), which was due to lower activities of sucrose synthase and acid invertase, and the down-regulated expressions of sucrose synthase genes, GhSusA, GhSusB and GhSusD, and acid invertase genes, GhINV1 and GhINV2, in drought-stressed pistils, limiting as a result the hydrolysis of sucrose into hexose. Drought-stressed pistils sampled at 18:00 h had lower α-amylase activity compared to control pistils, resulting in decreased starch decomposition, which, in conjunction with the decreased hydrolysis of sucrose, led to lower glucose and fructose contents in drought-stressed pistils at 18:00 h. Finally, lower pyruvate level in drought-stressed pistils could not produce enough acetyl-CoA in the tricarboxylic acid cycle to yield sufficient energy (ATP) for pollen tube growth. We conclude that DS disrupts the carbohydrate balance of pistil, reducing as a consequence carbon and energy supply for pollen tube elongation in the style, which will ultimately result in reproductive failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Dimitra A Loka
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Larisa 41335, Greece
| | - Rizwan Zahoor
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Depalpur, Okara 38040, Pakistan
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China.
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21
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Fu Q, Chen LQ. Comparative transcriptome analysis of two reproductive modes in Adiantum reniforme var. sinense targeted to explore possible mechanism of apogamy. BMC Genet 2019; 20:55. [PMID: 31288742 PMCID: PMC6617869 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apogamy is a unique asexual reproduction in the ferns, in which somatic cells of gametophytes go through dedifferentiation and then differentiate into haploid sporophytes bypassing fertilization. Restricted to the lack of genomic information, molecular mechanisms of apogamy have remained unclear. Comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted at six stages between sexual reproduction and apogamy in the fern Adiantum reniforme var. sinense, in an effort to identify genes and pathways that might initiate the asexual reproduction. Results Approximately 928 million high-quality clean reads were assembled into 264,791 unigenes with an average length of 615 bp. A total of 147,865 (55.84%) unigenes were successfully annotated. Differential genes expression analysis indicated that transcriptional regulation was more active in the early stage of apogamy compared to sexual reproduction. Further comparative analysis of the enriched pathways between the early stages of the two reproductive modes demonstrated that starch and sucrose metabolism pathway responsible for cell wall was only significantly enriched in asexual embryonic cell initiation. Furthermore, regulation of plant hormone related genes was more vigorous in apogamy initiation. Conclusion These findings would be useful for revealing the initiation of apogamy and further understanding of the mechanisms related to asexual reproduction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-019-0762-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Kunming, 6502240, China
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Southwest Research Center of Landscape Architecture Engineering (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Southwest Forestry Universityy, Kunming, 650224, China.
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22
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Stein O, Granot D. An Overview of Sucrose Synthases in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:95. [PMID: 30800137 PMCID: PMC6375876 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose is the end product of photosynthesis and the primary sugar transported in the phloem of most plants. Sucrose synthase (SuSy) is a glycosyl transferase enzyme that plays a key role in sugar metabolism, primarily in sink tissues. SuSy catalyzes the reversible cleavage of sucrose into fructose and either uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-G) or adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADP-G). The products of sucrose cleavage by SuSy are available for many metabolic pathways, such as energy production, primary-metabolite production, and the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. SuSy proteins are usually homotetramers with an average monomeric molecular weight of about 90 kD (about 800 amino acids long). Plant SuSy isozymes are mainly located in the cytosol or adjacent to plasma membrane, but some SuSy proteins are found in the cell wall, vacuoles, and mitochondria. Plant SUS gene families are usually small, containing between four to seven genes, with distinct exon-intron structures. Plant SUS genes are divided into three separate clades, which are present in both monocots and dicots. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis indicates that a first SUS duplication event may have occurred before the divergence of the gymnosperms and angiosperms and a second duplication event probably occurred in a common angiosperm ancestor, leading to the existence of all three clades in both monocots and dicots. Plants with reduced SuSy activity have been shown to have reduced growth, reduced starch, cellulose or callose synthesis, reduced tolerance to anaerobic-stress conditions and altered shoot apical meristem function and leaf morphology. Plants overexpressing SUS have shown increased growth, increased xylem area and xylem cell-wall width, and increased cellulose and starch contents, making SUS high-potential candidate genes for the improvement of agricultural traits in crop plants. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding plant SuSy, including newly discovered possible developmental roles for SuSy in meristem functioning that involve sugar and hormonal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Granot
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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23
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Co-Expression Network Analysis and Hub Gene Selection for High-Quality Fiber in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Using RNA Sequencing Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020119. [PMID: 30736327 PMCID: PMC6410125 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is grown for its elite fiber. Understanding differential gene expression patterns during fiber development will help to identify genes associated with fiber quality. In this study, we used two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) differing in fiber quality derived from an intra-hirsutum population to explore expression profiling differences and identify genes associated with high-quality fiber or specific fiber-development stages using RNA sequencing. Overall, 72/27, 1137/1584, 437/393, 1019/184, and 2555/1479 differentially expressed genes were up-/down-regulated in an elite fiber line (L1) relative to a poor-quality fiber line (L2) at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days post-anthesis, respectively. Three-hundred sixty-three differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two lines were colocalized in fiber strength (FS) quantitative trait loci (QTL). Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis discriminated seven expression profiles; gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation were performed to identify difference in function between genes unique to L1 and L2. Co-expression network analysis detected five modules highly associated with specific fiber-development stages, especially for high-quality fiber tissues. The hub genes in each module were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Hub genes encoding actin 1, Rho GTPase-activating protein with PAK-box, TPX2 protein, bHLH transcription factor, and leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase were identified. Correlation networks revealed considerable interaction among the hub genes, transcription factors, and other genes.
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24
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Li Y, Wang NN, Wang Y, Liu D, Gao Y, Li L, Li XB. The cotton XLIM protein (GhXLIM6) is required for fiber development via maintaining dynamic F-actin cytoskeleton and modulating cellulose biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:1269-1282. [PMID: 30256468 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
LIM domain proteins are cysteine-rich proteins, and are often considered as actin bundlers and transcription factors in plants. However, the roles of XLIM proteins in plants (especially in cotton) remain unexplored in detail so far. In this study, we identified a cotton XLIM protein (GhXLIM6) that is preferentially expressed in cotton fiber during whole elongation stage and early secondary cell wall (SCW) synthesis stage. The GhXLIM6-silenced transgenic cotton produces shorter fibers with thinner cell walls, compared with wild-type (WT). GhXLIM6 protein could directly bind F-actin and promote actin polymerization both in vitro and in vivo. It also acts as a transcription factor to suppress GhKNL1 expression through binding the PAL-box element of GhKNL1 promoter, and subsequently regulate the expression of CesA genes related to cellulose biosynthesis and deposition in SCWs of cotton fibers. The cellulose content in fibers of GhXLIM6RNAi cotton is lower than that in WT. Taken together, these data reveal the dual roles of GhXLIM6 in fiber development. On one hand, GhXLIM6 functions in fiber elongation through binding to F-actin to maintain the dynamic F-actin cytoskeleton. On the other hand, GhXLIM6 fine-tunes fiber SCW formation, probably through directly suppressing transcription of GhKNL1 to promote cellulose biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Na-Na Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xue-Bao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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25
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Khan A, Pan X, Najeeb U, Tan DKY, Fahad S, Zahoor R, Luo H. Coping with drought: stress and adaptive mechanisms, and management through cultural and molecular alternatives in cotton as vital constituents for plant stress resilience and fitness. Biol Res 2018; 51:47. [PMID: 30428929 PMCID: PMC6234603 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and associated climatic variability is primarily responsible for inducing heat waves, flooding and drought stress. Among these, water scarcity is a major limitation to crop productivity. Water stress can severely reduce crop yield and both the severity and duration of the stress are critical. Water availability is a key driver for sustainable cotton production and its limitations can adversely affect physiological and biochemical processes of plants, leading towards lint yield reduction. Adaptation of crop husbandry techniques suitable for cotton crop requires a sound understanding of environmental factors, influencing cotton lint yield and fiber quality. Various defense mechanisms e.g. maintenance of membrane stability, carbon fixation rate, hormone regulation, generation of antioxidants and induction of stress proteins have been found play a vital role in plant survival under moisture stress. Plant molecular breeding plays a functional role to ascertain superior genes for important traits and can offer breeder ready markers for developing ideotypes. This review highlights drought-induced damage to cotton plants at structural, physiological and molecular levels. It also discusses the opportunities for increasing drought tolerance in cotton either through modern gene editing technology like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR/Cas9), zinc finger nuclease, molecular breeding as well as through crop management, such as use of appropriate fertilization, growth regulator application and soil amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Khan
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xudong Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ullah Najeeb
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Plant Science, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Daniel Kean Yuen Tan
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430000 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000 Shandong China
| | - Rizwan Zahoor
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghai Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003 People’s Republic of China
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26
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Gutsch A, Keunen E, Guerriero G, Renaut J, Cuypers A, Hausman J, Sergeant K, Luo Z. Long-term cadmium exposure influences the abundance of proteins that impact the cell wall structure in Medicago sativa stems. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:1023-1035. [PMID: 29908008 PMCID: PMC6221066 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential, toxic heavy metal that poses serious threats to both ecosystems and human health. Plants employ various cellular and molecular mechanisms to minimise the impact of Cd toxicity and cell walls function as a defensive barrier during Cd exposure. In this study, we adopted a quantitative gel-based proteomic approach (two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis) to investigate changes in the abundance of cell wall and soluble proteins in stems of Medicago sativa L. upon long-term exposure to Cd (10 mg·Cd·kg-1 soil as CdSO4 ). Obtained protein data were complemented with targeted gene expression analyses. Plants were affected by Cd exposure at an early growth stage but seemed to recover at a more mature stage as no difference in biomass was observed. The accumulation of Cd was highest in roots followed by stems and leaves. Quantitative proteomics revealed a changed abundance for 179 cell wall proteins and 30 proteins in the soluble fraction upon long-term Cd exposure. These proteins are involved in cell wall remodelling, defence response, carbohydrate metabolism and promotion of the lignification process. The data indicate that Cd exposure alters the cell wall proteome and underline the role of cell wall proteins in defence against Cd stress. The identified proteins are linked to alterations in cell wall structure and lignification process in stems of M. sativa, underpinning the function of the cell wall as an effective barrier against Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gutsch
- Environmental Research and Innovation DepartmentLuxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Centre for Environmental SciencesHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - E. Keunen
- Centre for Environmental SciencesHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - G. Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation DepartmentLuxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - J. Renaut
- Environmental Research and Innovation DepartmentLuxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - A. Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental SciencesHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - J.‐F. Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation DepartmentLuxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - K. Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation DepartmentLuxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
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Mahboubi A, Niittylä T. Sucrose transport and carbon fluxes during wood formation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 164:67-81. [PMID: 29572842 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wood biosynthesis defines the chemical and structural properties of wood. The metabolic pathways that produce the precursors of wood cell wall polymers have a central role in defining wood properties. To make rational design of wood properties feasible, we need not only to understand the cell wall biosynthetic machinery, but also how sucrose transport and metabolism in developing wood connect to cell wall biosynthesis and how they respond to genetic and environmental cues. Here, we review the current understanding of the sucrose transport and primary metabolism pathways leading to the precursors of cell wall biosynthesis in woody plant tissues. We present both old, persistent questions and new emerging themes with a focus on wood formation in trees and draw upon evidence from the xylem tissues of herbaceous plants when it is relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mahboubi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Totte Niittylä
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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28
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Parrotta L, Faleri C, Del Duca S, Cai G. Depletion of sucrose induces changes in the tip growth mechanism of tobacco pollen tubes. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:23-43. [PMID: 29659664 PMCID: PMC6025209 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Pollen tubes are rapidly growing, photosynthetically inactive cells that need high rates of energy to support growth. Energy can derive from internal and external storage sources. The lack of carbon sources can cause various problems during pollen tube growth, which in turn could affect the reproduction of plants. Methods We analysed the effects of energy deficiency on the development of Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes by replacing sucrose with glycerol in the growth medium. We focused on cell growth and related processes, such as metabolite composition and cell wall synthesis. Key Results We found that the lack of sucrose affects pollen germination and pollen tube length during a specific growth period. Both sugar metabolism and ATP concentration were affected by sucrose shortage when pollen tubes were grown in glycerol-based media; this was related to decreases in the concentrations of glucose, fructose and UDP-glucose. The intracellular pH and ROS levels also showed a different distribution in pollen tubes grown in sucrose-depleted media. Changes were also observed at the cell wall level, particularly in the content and distribution of two enzymes related to cell wall synthesis (sucrose synthase and callose synthase). Furthermore, both callose and newly secreted cell wall material (mainly pectins) showed an altered distribution corresponding to the lack of oscillatory growth in pollen tubes. Growth in glycerol-based media also temporarily affected the movement of generative cells and, in parallel, the deposition of callose plugs. Conclusion Pollen tubes represent an ideal model system for studying metabolic pathways during the growth of plant cells. In our study, we found evidence that glycerol, a less energetic source for cell growth than sucrose, causes critical changes in cell wall deposition. The evidence that different aspects of pollen tube growth are affected is an indication that pollen tubes adapt to metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Parrotta
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Faleri
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Dipartimento Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
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Ashraf J, Zuo D, Wang Q, Malik W, Zhang Y, Abid MA, Cheng H, Yang Q, Song G. Recent insights into cotton functional genomics: progress and future perspectives. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:699-713. [PMID: 29087016 PMCID: PMC5814580 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Functional genomics has transformed from futuristic concept to well-established scientific discipline during the last decade. Cotton functional genomics promise to enhance the understanding of fundamental plant biology to systematically exploit genetic resources for the improvement of cotton fibre quality and yield, as well as utilization of genetic information for germplasm improvement. However, determining the cotton gene functions is a much more challenging task, which has not progressed at a rapid pace. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the recent tools and resources available with the major advances in cotton functional genomics to develop elite cotton genotypes. This effort ultimately helps to filter a subset of genes that can be used to assemble a final list of candidate genes that could be employed in future novel cotton breeding programme. We argue that next stage of cotton functional genomics requires the draft genomes refinement, re-sequencing broad diversity panels with the development of high-throughput functional genomics tools and integrating multidisciplinary approaches in upcoming cotton improvement programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Ashraf
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
| | - Dongyun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
| | - Qiaolian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
| | - Waqas Malik
- Genomics LabDepartment of Plant Breeding and GeneticsFaculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPunjabPakistan
| | - Youping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
| | - Muhammad Ali Abid
- Genomics LabDepartment of Plant Breeding and GeneticsFaculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPunjabPakistan
| | - Hailiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
| | - Qiuhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
| | - Guoli Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
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Zhang J, Huang GQ, Zou D, Yan JQ, Li Y, Hu S, Li XB. The cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) NAC transcription factor (FSN1) as a positive regulator participates in controlling secondary cell wall biosynthesis and modification of fibers. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:625-640. [PMID: 29105766 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fibers are the highly elongated and thickened single-cell trichomes on the seed epidermis. However, little is known about the molecular base of fiber cell wall thickening in detail. In this study, a cotton NAC transcription factor (GhFSN1) that is specifically expressed in secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening fibers was functionally characterized. The GhFSN1 transgenic cotton plants were generated to study how FSN1 regulates fiber SCW formation. Up-regulation of GhFSN1 expression in cotton resulted in an increase in SCW thickness of fibers but a decrease in fiber length. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that GhFSN1 activates or represses numerous downstream genes. GhFSN1 has the ability to form homodimers, binds to its promoter to activate itself, and might be degraded by the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome pathway. The direct targets of GhFSN1 include the fiber SCW-related GhDUF231L1, GhKNL1, GhMYBL1, GhGUT1 and GhIRX12 genes. GhFSN1 binds directly to a consensus sequence (GhNBS), (C/T)(C/G/T)TN(A/T)(G/T)(A/C/G)(A/G)(A/T/G)(A/T/G)AAG, which exists in the promoters of these SCW-related genes. Our data demonstrate that GhFSN1 acts as a positive regulator in controlling SCW formation of cotton fibers by activating its downstream SCW-related genes. Thus, these findings give us novel insights into comprehensive understanding of GhFSN1 function in fiber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Geng-Qing Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Dan Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jing-Qiu Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xue-Bao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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Fedosejevs ET, Liu LNC, Abergel M, She YM, Plaxton WC. Coimmunoprecipitation of reversibly glycosylated polypeptide with sucrose synthase from developing castor oilseeds. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3872-3880. [PMID: 29110302 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The sucrose synthase (SUS) interactome of developing castor oilseeds (COS; Ricinus communis) was assessed using coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) with anti-(COS RcSUS1)-IgG followed by proteomic analysis. A 41-kDa polypeptide (p41) that coimmunoprecipitated with RcSUS1 from COS extracts was identified as reversibly glycosylated polypeptide-1 (RcRGP1) by LC-MS/MS and anti-RcRGP1 immunoblotting. Reciprocal Far-western immunodot blotting corroborated the specific interaction between RcSUS1 and RcRGP1. Co-IP using anti-(COS RcSUS1)-IgG and clarified extracts from other developing seeds as well as cluster (proteoid) roots of white lupin and Harsh Hakea consistently recovered 90 kDa SUS polypeptides along with p41/RGP as a SUS interactor. The results suggest that SUS interacts with RGP in diverse sink tissues to channel UDP-glucose derived from imported sucrose into hemicellulose and/or glycoprotein/glycolipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Fedosejevs
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leo N C Liu
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan Abergel
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi-Min She
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William C Plaxton
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Wang H, Chen Y, Hu W, Wang S, Snider JL, Zhou Z. Carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf cross-acclimates to waterlogging and elevated temperature stress and influences boll biomass in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 161:339-354. [PMID: 28581029 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Short-term waterlogging and chronic elevated temperature occur concomitantly in the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growing season. While previous research about co-occurring waterlogging and elevated temperature has focused primarily on cotton fiber, no studies have investigated carbohydrate metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors. To address this, plants were exposed to ambient (31.6/26.5°C) and elevated (34.1/29.0°C) temperatures during the whole flowering and boll formation stage, and waterlogging (0, 3, 6 days) beginning on the day of anthesis. Both waterlogging and high temperature limited boll biomass (reduced by 1.19-32.14%), but effects of different durations of waterlogging coupled with elevated temperature on carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf were quite different. The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. A prior exposure to waterlogging for 3 days improved subtending leaf performance under elevated temperature. Pn, sucrose concentrations, Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity, and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity in the subtending leaf significantly increased, while SuSy activity decreased under 3 days waterlogging and elevated temperature combined relative to elevated temperature alone. Thus, we concluded that previous exposure to a brief (3 days) waterlogging stress improved sucrose composition and accumulation cross-acclimation to high temperature later in development not only by promoting leaf photosynthesis but also inhibiting sucrose degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
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MacMillan CP, Birke H, Chuah A, Brill E, Tsuji Y, Ralph J, Dennis ES, Llewellyn D, Pettolino FA. Tissue and cell-specific transcriptomes in cotton reveal the subtleties of gene regulation underlying the diversity of plant secondary cell walls. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:539. [PMID: 28720072 PMCID: PMC5516393 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of plant secondary cell wall (SCW) regulation and deposition is mainly based on the Arabidopsis model of a 'typical' lignocellulosic SCW. However, SCWs in other plants can vary from this. The SCW of mature cotton seed fibres is highly cellulosic and lacks lignification whereas xylem SCWs are lignocellulosic. We used cotton as a model to study different SCWs and the expression of the genes involved in their formation via RNA deep sequencing and chemical analysis of stem and seed fibre. RESULTS Transcriptome comparisons from cotton xylem and pith as well as from a developmental series of seed fibres revealed tissue-specific and developmentally regulated expression of several NAC transcription factors some of which are likely to be important as top tier regulators of SCW formation in xylem and/or seed fibre. A so far undescribed hierarchy was identified between the top tier NAC transcription factors SND1-like and NST1/2 in cotton. Key SCW MYB transcription factors, homologs of Arabidopsis MYB46/83, were practically absent in cotton stem xylem. Lack of expression of other lignin-specific MYBs in seed fibre relative to xylem could account for the lack of lignin deposition in seed fibre. Expression of a MYB103 homolog correlated with temporal expression of SCW CesAs and cellulose synthesis in seed fibres. FLAs were highly expressed and may be important structural components of seed fibre SCWs. Finally, we made the unexpected observation that cell walls in the pith of cotton stems contained lignin and had a higher S:G ratio than in xylem, despite that tissue's lacking many of the gene transcripts normally associated with lignin biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study in cotton confirmed some features of the currently accepted gene regulatory cascade for 'typical' plant SCWs, but also revealed substantial differences, especially with key downstream NACs and MYBs. The lignocellulosic SCW of cotton xylem appears to be achieved differently from that in Arabidopsis. Pith cell walls in cotton stems are compositionally very different from that reported for other plant species, including Arabidopsis. The current definition of a 'typical' primary or secondary cell wall might not be applicable to all cell types in all plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Birke
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Present address: Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Aaron Chuah
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, ACT, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Brill
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Yukiko Tsuji
- Department of Biochemistry and the Department of Energy's Great Lakes BioEnergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, 1552 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53726-4084, USA
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry and the Department of Energy's Great Lakes BioEnergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, 1552 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53726-4084, USA
| | | | - Danny Llewellyn
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Rende U, Wang W, Gandla ML, Jönsson LJ, Niittylä T. Cytosolic invertase contributes to the supply of substrate for cellulose biosynthesis in developing wood. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:796-807. [PMID: 28032636 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon for cellulose biosynthesis is derived from sucrose. Cellulose is synthesized from uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose (UDP-glucose), but the enzyme(s) responsible for the initial sucrose cleavage and the source of UDP-glucose for cellulose biosynthesis in developing wood have not been defined. We investigated the role of CYTOSOLIC INVERTASEs (CINs) during wood formation in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides) and characterized transgenic lines with reduced CIN activity during secondary cell wall biosynthesis. Suppression of CIN activity by 38-55% led to a 9-13% reduction in crystalline cellulose. The changes in cellulose were reflected in reduced diameter of acid-insoluble cellulose microfibrils and increased glucose release from wood upon enzymatic digestion of cellulose. Reduced CIN activity decreased the amount of the cellulose biosynthesis precursor UDP-glucose in developing wood, pointing to the likely cause of the cellulose phenotype. The findings suggest that CIN activity has an important role in the cellulose biosynthesis of trees, and indicate that cellulose biosynthesis in wood relies on a quantifiable UDP-glucose pool. The results also introduce a concept of altering cellulose microfibril properties by modifying substrate supply to cellulose biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Rende
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wei Wang
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Leif J Jönsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Totte Niittylä
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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O’Leary BM, Plaxton WC. Mechanisms and Functions of Post-translational Enzyme Modifications in the Organization and Control of Plant Respiratory Metabolism. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68703-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Miao Q, Deng P, Saha S, Jenkins JN, Hsu CY, Abdurakhmonov IY, Buriev ZT, Pepper A, Ma DP. Transcriptome Analysis of Ten-DPA Fiber in an Upland Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) Line with Improved Fiber Traits from Phytochrome A1 RNAi Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2017.810172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Liu W, Zhang B, He W, Wang Z, Li G, Liu J. Characterization of in vivo phosphorylation modification of differentially accumulated proteins in cotton fiber-initiation process. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:756-61. [PMID: 27297637 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Initiation of cotton fiber from ovule epidermal cells determines the ultimate number of fibers per cotton ovule, making it one of the restriction factors of cotton fiber yield. Previous comparative proteomics studies have collectively revealed 162 important differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) in cotton fiber-initiation process, however, whether and how post-translational modifications, especially phosphorylation modification, regulate the expression and function of the DAPs are still unclear. Here we reported the successful identification of 17 phosphopeptides from 16 phosphoproteins out of the 162 DAPs using the integrated bioinformatics analyses of peptide mass fingerprinting data and targeted MS/MS identification method. In-depth analyses indicated that 15 of the 17 phosphorylation sites were novel phosphorylation sites first identified in plants, whereas 6 of the 16 phosphoproteins were found to be the phosphorylated isoforms of 6 proteins. The phosphorylation-regulated dynamic protein network derived from this study not only expanded our understanding of the cotton fiber-initiation process, but also provided a valuable resource for future functional studies of the phosphoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenying He
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guanqiao Li
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Zeng YD, Sun JL, Bu SH, Deng KS, Tao T, Zhang YM, Zhang TZ, Du XM, Zhou BL. EcoTILLING revealed SNPs in GhSus genes that are associated with fiber- and seed-related traits in upland cotton. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29250. [PMID: 27385639 PMCID: PMC4935865 DOI: 10.1038/srep29250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton is the most important textile crop in the world due to its cellulose-enriched fibers. Sucrose synthase genes (Sus) play pivotal roles in cotton fiber and seed development. To mine and pyramid more favorable alleles for cotton molecular breeding, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GhSus family genes were investigated across 277 upland cotton accessions by EcoTILLING. As a result, a total of 24 SNPs in the amplified regions of eight GhSus genes were identified. These SNPs were significantly associated with at least one fiber- or seed-related trait measured in Nanjing, Anyang and Kuche in 2007-2009. Four main-effect quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) and five epistatic QTNs, with 0.76-3.56% of phenotypic variances explained by each QTN (PVE), were found to be associated with yield-related traits; six epistatic QTNs, with the 0.43-3.48% PVE, were found to be associated with fiber quality-related traits; and one main-effect QTN and one epistatic QTN, with the PVE of 1.96% and 2.53%, were found to be associated with seed oil content and protein content, respectively. Therefore, this study provides new information for molecular breeding in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Da Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun-Ling Sun
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Su-Hong Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kang-Sheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tian-Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiong-Ming Du
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Bao-Liang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Wang L, Ruan YL. Critical Roles of Vacuolar Invertase in Floral Organ Development and Male and Female Fertilities Are Revealed through Characterization of GhVIN1-RNAi Cotton Plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:405-23. [PMID: 26969720 PMCID: PMC4854712 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seed number and quality are key traits determining plant fitness and crop yield and rely on combined competence in male and female fertilities. Sucrose metabolism is central to reproductive success. It remains elusive, though, how individual sucrose metabolic enzymes may regulate the complex reproductive processes. Here, by silencing vacuolar invertase (VIN) genes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) reproductive organs, we revealed diverse roles that VIN plays in multiple reproductive processes. A set of phenotypic and genetic studies showed significant reductions of viable seeds in GhVIN1-RNAi plants, attributed to pollination failure and impaired male and female fertilities. The former was largely owing to the spatial mismatch between style and stamen and delayed pollen release from the anthers, whereas male defects came from poor pollen viability. The transgenic stamen exhibited altered expression of the genes responsible for starch metabolism and auxin and jasmonic acid signaling. Further analyses identified the reduction of GhVIN expression in the seed coat as the major cause for the reduced female fertility, which appeared to disrupt the expression of some key genes involved in trehalose and auxin metabolism and signaling, leading to programmed cell death or growth repression in the filial tissues. Together, the data provide an unprecedented example of how VIN is required to synchronize style and stamen development and the formation of male and female fertilities for seed development in a crop species, cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences and Australian-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences and Australian-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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Mujahid H, Pendarvis K, Reddy JS, Nallamilli BRR, Reddy KR, Nanduri B, Peng Z. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Cotton Fiber Development and Protein Extraction Method Comparison in Late Stage Fibers. Proteomes 2016; 4:proteomes4010007. [PMID: 28248216 PMCID: PMC5217364 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinct stages of cotton fiber development and maturation serve as a single-celled model for studying the molecular mechanisms of plant cell elongation, cell wall development and cellulose biosynthesis. However, this model system of plant cell development is compromised for proteomic studies due to a lack of an efficient protein extraction method during the later stages of fiber development, because of a recalcitrant cell wall and the presence of abundant phenolic compounds. Here, we compared the quality and quantities of proteins extracted from 25 dpa (days post anthesis) fiber with multiple protein extraction methods and present a comprehensive quantitative proteomic study of fiber development from 10 dpa to 25 dpa. Comparative analysis using a label-free quantification method revealed 287 differentially-expressed proteins in the 10 dpa to 25 dpa fiber developmental period. Proteins involved in cell wall metabolism and regulation, cytoskeleton development and carbohydrate metabolism among other functional categories in four fiber developmental stages were identified. Our studies provide protocols for protein extraction from maturing fiber tissues for mass spectrometry analysis and expand knowledge of the proteomic profile of cotton fiber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Mujahid
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Ken Pendarvis
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Joseph S Reddy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Babi Ramesh Reddy Nallamilli
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - K R Reddy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Bindu Nanduri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Zhaohua Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Printz B, Guerriero G, Sergeant K, Audinot JN, Guignard C, Renaut J, Lutts S, Hausman JF. Combining -Omics to Unravel the Impact of Copper Nutrition on Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Stem Metabolism. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:407-22. [PMID: 26865661 PMCID: PMC4771972 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Copper can be found in the environment at concentrations ranging from a shortage up to the threshold of toxicity for plants, with optimal growth conditions situated in between. The plant stem plays a central role in transferring and distributing minerals, water and other solutes throughout the plant. In this study, alfalfa is exposed to different levels of copper availability, from deficiency to slight excess, and the impact on the metabolism of the stem is assessed by a non-targeted proteomics study and by the expression analysis of key genes controlling plant stem development. Under copper deficiency, the plant stem accumulates specific copper chaperones, the expression of genes involved in stem development is decreased and the concentrations of zinc and molybdenum are increased in comparison with the optimum copper level. At the optimal copper level, the expression of cell wall-related genes increases and proteins playing a role in cell wall deposition and in methionine metabolism accumulate, whereas copper excess imposes a reduction in the concentration of iron in the stem and a reduced abundance of ferritins. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis suggests a role for the apoplasm as a copper storage site in the case of copper toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Printz
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute Agronomy (ELI-A), Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Nicolas Audinot
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Cédric Guignard
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute Agronomy (ELI-A), Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
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Parrotta L, Faleri C, Cresti M, Cai G. Heat stress affects the cytoskeleton and the delivery of sucrose synthase in tobacco pollen tubes. PLANTA 2016; 243:43-63. [PMID: 26335855 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Heat stress changes isoform content and distribution of cytoskeletal subunits in pollen tubes affecting accumulation of secretory vesicles and distribution of sucrose synthase, an enzyme involved in cell wall synthesis. Plants are sessile organisms and are therefore exposed to damages caused by the predictable increase in temperature. We have analyzed the effects of temperatures on the development of pollen tubes by focusing on the cytoskeleton and related processes, such as vesicular transport and cell wall synthesis. First, we show that heat stress affects pollen germination and, to a lesser extent, pollen tube growth. Both, microtubules and actin filaments, are damaged by heat treatment and changes of actin and tubulin isoforms were observed in both cases. Damages to actin filaments mainly concern the actin array present in the subapex, a region critical for determining organelle and vesicle content in the pollen tube apex. In support of this, green fluorescent protein-labeled vesicles are arranged differently between heat-stressed and control samples. In addition, newly secreted cell wall material (labeled by propidium iodide) shows an altered distribution. Damage induced by heat stress also extends to proteins that bind actin and participate in cell wall synthesis, such as sucrose synthase. Ultimately, heat stress affects the cytoskeleton thereby causing alterations in the process of vesicular transport and cell wall deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Parrotta
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Faleri
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Mauro Cresti
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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Samac DA, Bucciarelli B, Miller SS, Yang SS, O'Rourke JA, Shin S, Vance CP. Transgene silencing of sucrose synthase in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem vascular tissue suggests a role for invertase in cell wall cellulose synthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:283. [PMID: 26627884 PMCID: PMC4666122 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a widely adapted perennial forage crop that has high biomass production potential. Enhanced cellulose content in alfalfa stems would increase the value of the crop as a bioenergy feedstock. We examined if increased expression of sucrose synthase (SUS; EC 2.4.1.13) would increase cellulose in stem cell walls. RESULTS Alfalfa plants were transformed with a truncated alfalfa phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene promoter (PEPC7-P4) fused to an alfalfa nodule-enhanced SUS cDNA (MsSUS1) or the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. Strong GUS expression was detected in xylem and phloem indicating that the PEPC7-P4 promoter was active in stem vascular tissue. In contrast to expectations, MsSUS1 transcript accumulation was reduced 75-90 % in alfalfa plants containing the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene compared to controls. Enzyme assays indicated that SUS activity in stems of selected down-regulated transformants was reduced by greater than 95 % compared to the controls. Although SUS activity was detected in xylem and phloem of control plants by in situ enzyme assays, plants with the PEPC7-P4::MsSUS1 transgene lacked detectable SUS activity in post-elongation stem (PES) internodes and had very low SUS activity in elongating stem (ES) internodes. Loss of SUS protein in PES internodes of down-regulated lines was confirmed by immunoblots. Down-regulation of SUS expression and activity in stem tissue resulted in no obvious phenotype or significant change in cell wall sugar composition. However, alkaline/neutral (A/N) invertase activity increased in SUS down-regulated lines and high levels of acid invertase activity were observed. In situ enzyme assays of stem tissue showed localization of neutral invertase in vascular tissues of ES and PES internodes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that invertases play a primary role in providing glucose for cellulose biosynthesis or compensate for the loss of SUS1 activity in stem vascular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Samac
- USDA-ARS-Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | | | - Susan S Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - S Samuel Yang
- USDA-ARS-Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
- Present address: Monsanto Company, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA.
| | - Jamie A O'Rourke
- USDA-ARS-Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
- Present address: USDA-ARS-Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Sanghyun Shin
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
- Present address: National Institute of Crop Science, Iksan, 570-080, Korea.
| | - Carroll P Vance
- USDA-ARS-Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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Parrotta L, Guerriero G, Sergeant K, Cai G, Hausman JF. Target or barrier? The cell wall of early- and later-diverging plants vs cadmium toxicity: differences in the response mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:133. [PMID: 25814996 PMCID: PMC4357295 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing industrialization and urbanization result in emission of pollutants in the environment including toxic heavy metals, as cadmium and lead. Among the different heavy metals contaminating the environment, cadmium raises great concern, as it is ecotoxic and as such can heavily impact ecosystems. The cell wall is the first structure of plant cells to come in contact with heavy metals. Its composition, characterized by proteins, polysaccharides and in some instances lignin and other phenolic compounds, confers the ability to bind non-covalently and/or covalently heavy metals via functional groups. A strong body of evidence in the literature has shown the role of the cell wall in heavy metal response: it sequesters heavy metals, but at the same time its synthesis and composition can be severely affected. The present review analyzes the dual property of plant cell walls, i.e., barrier and target of heavy metals, by taking Cd toxicity as example. Following a summary of the known physiological and biochemical responses of plants to Cd, the review compares the wall-related mechanisms in early- and later-diverging land plants, by considering the diversity in cell wall composition. By doing so, common as well as unique response mechanisms to metal/cadmium toxicity are identified among plant phyla and discussed. After discussing the role of hyperaccumulators' cell walls as a particular case, the review concludes by considering important aspects for plant engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Parrotta
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Fedosejevs ET, Ying S, Park J, Anderson EM, Mullen RT, She YM, Plaxton WC. Biochemical and molecular characterization of RcSUS1, a cytosolic sucrose synthase phosphorylated in vivo at serine 11 in developing castor oil seeds. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33412-24. [PMID: 25313400 PMCID: PMC4246097 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.585554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucrose synthase (SUS) catalyzes the UDP-dependent cleavage of sucrose into UDP-glucose and fructose and has become an important target for improving seed crops via metabolic engineering. A UDP-specific SUS homotetramer composed of 93-kDa subunits was purified to homogeneity from the triacylglyceride-rich endosperm of developing castor oil seeds (COS) and identified as RcSUS1 by mass spectrometry. RcSUS1 transcripts peaked during early development, whereas levels of SUS activity and immunoreactive 93-kDa SUS polypeptides maximized during mid-development, becoming undetectable in fully mature COS. The cytosolic location of the enzyme was established following transient expression of RcSUS1-enhanced YFP in tobacco suspension cells and fluorescence microscopy. Immunological studies using anti-phosphosite-specific antibodies revealed dynamic and high stoichiometric in vivo phosphorylation of RcSUS1 at its conserved Ser-11 residue during COS development. Incorporation of (32)P(i) from [γ-(32)P]ATP into a RcSUS1 peptide substrate, alongside a phosphosite-specific ELISA assay, established the presence of calcium-dependent RcSUS1 (Ser-11) kinase activity. Approximately 10% of RcSUS1 was associated with COS microsomal membranes and was hypophosphorylated relative to the remainder of RcSUS1 that partitioned into the soluble, cytosolic fraction. Elimination of sucrose supply caused by excision of intact pods of developing COS abolished RcSUS1 transcription while triggering the progressive dephosphorylation of RcSUS1 in planta. This did not influence the proportion of RcSUS1 associated with microsomal membranes but instead correlated with a subsequent marked decline in SUS activity and immunoreactive RcSUS1 polypeptides. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 appears to protect RcSUS1 from proteolysis, rather than influence its kinetic properties or partitioning between the soluble cytosol and microsomal membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joonho Park
- the Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 139-743, Korea
| | - Erin M Anderson
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and
| | - Robert T Mullen
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and
| | - Yi-Min She
- the Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - William C Plaxton
- From the Departments of Biology and Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada,
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Yu D, Wang Y, Xue W, Fan S, Yu S, Liu JY. Identification and Profiling of Known and Novel Fiber MicroRNAs during the Secondary Wall Thickening Stage in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) via High-Throughput Sequencing. J Genet Genomics 2014; 41:553-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gerber L, Zhang B, Roach M, Rende U, Gorzsás A, Kumar M, Burgert I, Niittylä T, Sundberg B. Deficient sucrose synthase activity in developing wood does not specifically affect cellulose biosynthesis, but causes an overall decrease in cell wall polymers. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:1220-1230. [PMID: 24920335 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of wood in aspen (Populus) depends on the metabolism of sucrose, which is the main transported form of carbon from source tissues. The largest fraction of the wood biomass is cellulose, which is synthesized from UDP-glucose. Sucrose synthase (SUS) has been proposed previously to interact directly with cellulose synthase complexes and specifically supply UDP-glucose for cellulose biosynthesis. To investigate the role of SUS in wood biosynthesis, we characterized transgenic lines of hybrid aspen with strongly reduced SUS activity in developing wood. No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. Wet chemical analysis showed that the dry weight percentage composition of wood polymers was not changed significantly. However, a decrease in wood density was observed and, consequently, the content of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose was decreased per wood volume. The decrease in density was explained by a looser structure of fibre cell walls as shown by increased wall shrinkage on drying. The results show that SUS is not essential for cellulose biosynthesis, but plays a role in defining the total carbon incorporation to wood cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Gerber
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, DE 144 24, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Melissa Roach
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Umut Rende
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - András Gorzsás
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ingo Burgert
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, DE 144 24, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research, Applied Wood Materials Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Totte Niittylä
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Björn Sundberg
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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Guerriero G, Sergeant K, Hausman JF. Wood biosynthesis and typologies: a molecular rhapsody. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:839-55. [PMID: 24876292 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Wood represents one of the most important renewable commodities for humanity and plays a crucial role in terrestrial ecosystem carbon-cycling. Wood formation is the result of a multitude of events that require the concerted action of endogenous and exogenous factors under the influence of photoperiod, for instance genes and plant growth regulators. Beyond providing mechanical support and being responsible for the increase in stem radial diameter, woody tissues constitute the vascular system of trees and are capable of reacting to environmental stimuli, and as such are therefore quite plastic and responsive. Despite the ecological and economic importance of wood, not all aspects of its formation have been unveiled. Many gaps in our knowledge are still present, which hinder the maximal exploitation of this precious bioresource. This review aims at surveying the current knowledge of wood formation and the available molecular data addressing the relationship between wood production and environmental factors, which have crucial influences on the rhythmic regulation of cambial activity and exert profound effects on tree stem growth, wood yield and properties. We will here go beyond wood sensu stricto, i.e., secondary xylem, and extend our survey to other tissues, namely vascular cambium, phloem and fibres. The purpose is to provide the reader with an overview of the complexity of the topic and to highlight the importance of progressing in the future towards an integrated knowledge on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gea Guerriero
- Department of Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, 41, Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Department of Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, 41, Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Department of Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, 41, Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg;
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