1
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Phookaew P, Ma Y, Suzuki T, Stolze SC, Harzen A, Sano R, Nakagami H, Demura T, Ohtani M. Active protein ubiquitination regulates xylem vessel functionality. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3298-3317. [PMID: 39092875 PMCID: PMC11371170 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Xylem vessels function in the long-distance conduction of water in land plants. The NAC transcription factor VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN7 (VND7) is a master regulator of xylem vessel cell differentiation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We previously isolated suppressor of ectopic xylem vessel cell differentiation induced by VND7 (seiv) mutants. Here, we report that the responsible genes for seiv3, seiv4, seiv6, and seiv9 are protein ubiquitination-related genes encoding PLANT U-BOX46 (PUB46), an uncharacterized F-BOX protein (FBX), PUB36, and UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE1 (UBP1), respectively. We also found decreased expression of genes downstream of VND7 and abnormal xylem transport activity in the seiv mutants. Upon VND7 induction, ubiquitination levels from 492 and 180 protein groups were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. VND7 induction resulted in the ubiquitination of proteins for cell wall biosynthesis and protein transport, whereas such active protein ubiquitination did not occur in the seiv mutants. We detected the ubiquitination of three lysine residues in VND7: K94, K105, and K260. Substituting K94 with arginine significantly decreased the transactivation activity of VND7, suggesting that the ubiquitination of K94 is crucial for regulating VND7 activity. Our findings highlight the crucial roles of target protein ubiquitination in regulating xylem vessel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawittra Phookaew
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ya Ma
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Takaomi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Sara Christina Stolze
- Protein Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Anne Harzen
- Protein Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Ryosuke Sano
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Protein Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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2
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Zhang C, Fang H, Wang J, Tao H, Wang D, Qin M, He F, Wang R, Wang GL, Ning Y. The rice E3 ubiquitin ligase-transcription factor module targets two trypsin inhibitors to enhance broad-spectrum disease resistance. Dev Cell 2024; 59:2017-2033.e5. [PMID: 38781974 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Broad-spectrum disease resistance (BSR) is crucial for controlling plant diseases and relies on immune signals that are subject to transcriptional and post-translational regulation. How plants integrate and coordinate these signals remains unclear. We show here that the rice really interesting new gene (RING)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase OsRING113 targets APIP5, a negative regulator of plant immunity and programmed cell death (PCD), for 26S proteasomal degradation. The osring113 mutants in Nipponbare exhibited decreased BSR, while the overexpressing OsRING113 plants showed enhanced BSR against Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Furthermore, APIP5 directly suppressed the transcription of the Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitor genes OsBBTI5 and AvrPiz-t-interacting protein 4 (APIP4). Overexpression of these two genes, which are partially required for APIP5-mediated PCD and disease resistance, conferred BSR. OsBBTI5 and APIP4 associated with and stabilized the pathogenesis-related protein OsPR1aL, which promotes M. oryzae resistance. Our results identify an immune module with integrated and coordinated hierarchical regulations that confer BSR in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jisong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Debao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengchao Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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3
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Miao F, Chen W, Zhao Y, Zhao P, Sang X, Lu J, Wang H. The RING-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Gene GhDIRP1 Negatively Regulates Verticillium dahliae Resistance in Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2047. [PMID: 39124165 PMCID: PMC11314081 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Cotton is one of the world's most important economic crops. Verticillium wilt is a devastating cotton disease caused by Verticillium dahliae, significantly impacting cotton yield and quality. E3 ubiquitin ligases are essential components of the ubiquitin-mediated 26S proteasome system, responsible for recognizing ubiquitinated target proteins and promoting their degradation, which play a crucial regulatory role in plant immune responses. In this study, on the basis of the confirmation of differential expression of GhDIRP1, a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase encoding gene, in two cotton varieties resistant (Zhongzhimian 2) or susceptible (Jimian 11) to V. dahliae, we demonstrated that GhDIRP1 is a negative regulator of V. dahliae resistance because silencing GhDIRP1 in cotton and heterogeneously overexpressing the gene in Arabidopsis enhanced and compromised resistance to V. dahliae, respectively. The GhDIRP1-mediated immune response seemed to be realized through multiple physiological pathways, including hormone signaling, reactive oxygen species, and lignin biosynthesis. Based on the sequences of GhDIRP1 isolated from Zhongzhimian 2 and Jimian 11, we found that GhDIRP1 had identical coding but different promoter sequences in the two varieties, with the promoter of Zhongzhimian 2 being more active than that of Jimian 11 because the former drove a stronger expression of GUS and LUC reporter genes. The results link the ubiquitination pathway to multiple physiological pathways acting in the cotton immune response and provide a candidate gene for breeding cotton varieties resistant to V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (F.M.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (F.M.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Yunlei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (F.M.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.S.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (F.M.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaohui Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (F.M.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Jianhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (F.M.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (F.M.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.S.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Han P, Zhang R, Li R, Li F, Huang L. Identification of an SCF Ubiquitin Ligase Complex that Contributes to Resistance Against Valsa Canker in Apple. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:520-529. [PMID: 38470518 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-23-0206-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases play a critical role in plant disease resistance. Among them, the Skp1-Cullin-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex is the largest family and regulates the ubiquitination of a wide range of proteins. Apple Valsa canker (AVC) is a fungal disease of apple trees caused by the fungus Valsa mali, which can lead to significant economic losses. However, the function of the SCF complex in apple resistance to this disease is still largely unknown. In this study, we identified an SCF ubiquitin ligase complex that can enhance resistance to Valsa canker in apple. Disease evaluation experiments demonstrated that MdSkp1 increased apple resistance to AVC. Furthermore, MdSkp1 interacted with an F-box protein, MdSKIP14, and interacted with a cullin-1 protein, MdCUL1, to form an SCF ubiquitin ligase complex. Additionally, we revealed both MdSKIP14 and MdCUL1 as positive regulators of AVC resistance. In conclusion, our results identified an SCF complex capable of contributing to apple resistance against AVC, providing a theoretical basis for apple disease resistance and the sustainable development of the industry. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengliang Han
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ruotong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fudong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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5
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Kamal H, Zafar MM, Razzaq A, Parvaiz A, Ercisli S, Qiao F, Jiang X. Functional role of geminivirus encoded proteins in the host: Past and present. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300736. [PMID: 38900041 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
During plant-pathogen interaction, plant exhibits a strong defense system utilizing diverse groups of proteins to suppress the infection and subsequent establishment of the pathogen. However, in response, pathogens trigger an anti-silencing mechanism to overcome the host defense machinery. Among plant viruses, geminiviruses are the second largest virus family with a worldwide distribution and continue to be production constraints to food, feed, and fiber crops. These viruses are spread by a diverse group of insects, predominantly by whiteflies, and are characterized by a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome coding for four to eight proteins that facilitate viral infection. The most effective means to managing these viruses is through an integrated disease management strategy that includes virus-resistant cultivars, vector management, and cultural practices. Dynamic changes in this virus family enable the species to manipulate their genome organization to respond to external changes in the environment. Therefore, the evolutionary nature of geminiviruses leads to new and novel approaches for developing virus-resistant cultivars and it is essential to study molecular ecology and evolution of geminiviruses. This review summarizes the multifunctionality of each geminivirus-encoded protein. These protein-based interactions trigger the abrupt changes in the host methyl cycle and signaling pathways that turn over protein normal production and impair the plant antiviral defense system. Studying these geminivirus interactions localized at cytoplasm-nucleus could reveal a more clear picture of host-pathogen relation. Data collected from this antagonistic relationship among geminivirus, vector, and its host, will provide extensive knowledge on their virulence mode and diversity with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Kamal
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Muhammad Mubashar Zafar
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Abdul Razzaq
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Parvaiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fei Qiao
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Xuefei Jiang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
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6
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Gozashti L, Hartl DL, Corbett-Detig R. Universal signatures of transposable element compartmentalization across eukaryotic genomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.17.562820. [PMID: 38585780 PMCID: PMC10996525 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.17.562820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The evolutionary mechanisms that drive the emergence of genome architecture remain poorly understood but can now be assessed with unprecedented power due to the massive accumulation of genome assemblies spanning phylogenetic diversity1,2. Transposable elements (TEs) are a rich source of large-effect mutations since they directly and indirectly drive genomic structural variation and changes in gene expression3. Here, we demonstrate universal patterns of TE compartmentalization across eukaryotic genomes spanning ~1.7 billion years of evolution, in which TEs colocalize with gene families under strong predicted selective pressure for dynamic evolution and involved in specific functions. For non-pathogenic species these genes represent families involved in defense, sensory perception and environmental interaction, whereas for pathogenic species, TE-compartmentalized genes are highly enriched for pathogenic functions. Many TE-compartmentalized gene families display signatures of positive selection at the molecular level. Furthermore, TE-compartmentalized genes exhibit an excess of high-frequency alleles for polymorphic TE insertions in fruit fly populations. We postulate that these patterns reflect selection for adaptive TE insertions as well as TE-associated structural variants. This process may drive the emergence of a shared TE-compartmentalized genome architecture across diverse eukaryotic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landen Gozashti
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel L. Hartl
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Russell Corbett-Detig
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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Bonnet DMV, Tirot L, Grob S, Jullien PE. Methylome Response to Proteasome Inhibition by Pseudomonas syringae Virulence Factor Syringolin A. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:693-704. [PMID: 37414416 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-23-0080-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark required for proper gene expression and silencing of transposable elements. DNA methylation patterns can be modified by environmental factors such as pathogen infection, in which modification of DNA methylation can be associated with plant resistance. To counter the plant defense pathways, pathogens produce effector molecules, several of which act as proteasome inhibitors. Here, we investigated the effect of proteasome inhibition by the bacterial virulence factor syringolin A (SylA) on genome-wide DNA methylation. We show that SylA treatment results in an increase of DNA methylation at centromeric and pericentromeric regions of Arabidopsis chromosomes. We identify several CHH differentially methylated regions (DMRs) that are enriched in the proximity of transcriptional start sites. SylA treatment does not result in significant changes in small RNA composition. However, significant changes in genome transcriptional activity can be observed, including a strong upregulation of resistance genes that are located on chromosomal arms. We hypothesize that DNA methylation changes could be linked to the upregulation of some atypical members of the de novo DNA methylation pathway, namely AGO3, AGO9, and DRM1. Our data suggests that modification of genome-wide DNA methylation resulting from an inhibition of the proteasome by bacterial effectors could be part of an epi-genomic arms race against pathogens. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis Tirot
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Grob
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Nalla MK, Schafleitner R, Pappu HR, Barchenger DW. Current status, breeding strategies and future prospects for managing chilli leaf curl virus disease and associated begomoviruses in Chilli ( Capsicum spp.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1223982. [PMID: 37936944 PMCID: PMC10626458 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1223982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Chilli leaf curl virus disease caused by begomoviruses, has emerged as a major threat to global chilli production, causing severe yield losses and economic harm. Begomoviruses are a highly successful and emerging group of plant viruses that are primarily transmitted by whiteflies belonging to the Bemisia tabaci complex. The most effective method for mitigating chilli leaf curl virus disease losses is breeding for host resistance to Begomovirus. This review highlights the current situation of chilli leaf curl virus disease and associated begomoviruses in chilli production, stressing the significant issues that breeders and growers confront. In addition, the various breeding methods used to generate begomovirus resistant chilli cultivars, and also the complicated connections between the host plant, vector and the virus are discussed. This review highlights the importance of resistance breeding, emphasising the importance of multidisciplinary approaches that combine the best of traditional breeding with cutting-edge genomic technologies. subsequently, the article highlights the challenges that must be overcome in order to effectively deploy begomovirus resistant chilli varieties across diverse agroecological zones and farming systems, as well as understanding the pathogen thus providing the opportunities for improving the sustainability and profitability of chilli production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Nalla
- World Vegetable Center, South and Central Asia Regional Office, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Hanu R. Pappu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Martínez-García PJ, Mas-Gómez J, Prudencio ÁS, Barriuso JJ, Cantín CM. Genome-wide association analysis of Monilinia fructicola lesion in a collection of Spanish peach landraces. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1165847. [PMID: 37936940 PMCID: PMC10626550 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1165847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Brown rot, caused by the Monilinia spp., is the disease that causes the greatest losses in stone fruit worldwide. Currently, M. fructicola has become the dominant species in the main peach production area in Spain. The fruit cuticle is the first barrier of protection against external aggressions and may have a key role in the susceptibility to brown rot. However, information on the role of skin fruit on the resistance to brown rot in peach is scarce. Previous genetic analyses in peach have demonstrated that brown rot resistance is a complex and quantitative trait in which different fruit parts and resistance mechanisms are involved. To search for genomic areas involved in the control of the cultivar susceptibility to brown rot and to elucidate the role of fruit skin against this infection, we have studied, for two consecutive seasons (2019 and 2020), the fruit susceptibility to M. fructicola, together with fruit cuticle thickness (CT) and density (CD), in a collection of 80 Spanish and 5 foreign peach cultivars from the National Peach Collection at CITA (Zaragoza, Spain). Brown rot incidence, lesion diameter, and severity index were calculated after 5 days of inoculation on non-wounded fruit. The peach collection has also been genotyped using the new peach SNP chip (9 + 9K). Genotypic and phenotypic data have been used to perform a genome-wide association analysis (GWAS). Phenotyping has shown a wide variability on the brown rot susceptibility within the Spanish germplasm as well as on CD and CT. The GWAS results have identified several significant SNPs associated with disease severity index (DSI), CD, and CT, five of which were considered as reliable SNP-trait associations. A wide protein network analysis, using 127 genes within the regions of the reliable SNPs and previously identified candidate genes (169) associated with Monilinia spp. resistance, highlighted several genes involved in classical hypersensitive response (HR), genes related to wax layers as ceramidases and lignin precursors catalyzers, and a possible role of autophagy during brown rot infection. This work adds relevant information on the complexity resistance mechanisms to brown rot infection in peach fruits and the genetics behind them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Martínez-García
- Department of Plant Breeding, Centre of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura, Spanish National Research Council (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Jorge Mas-Gómez
- Department of Plant Breeding, Centre of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura, Spanish National Research Council (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Ángela S. Prudencio
- Department of Plant Breeding, Centre of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura, Spanish National Research Council (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan José Barriuso
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Celia M. Cantín
- Department of Pomology, Experimental Station of Aula Dei-CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, Zaragoza, Spain
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10
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Lee GH, Min CW, Jang JW, Wang Y, Jeon JS, Gupta R, Kim ST. Analysis of post-translational modification dynamics unveiled novel insights into Rice responses to MSP1. J Proteomics 2023; 287:104970. [PMID: 37467888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae snodprot1 homologous protein (MSP1) is known to function as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and trigger PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) in rice including induction of programmed cell death and expression of defense-related genes. The involvement of several post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the regulation of plant immune response, especially PTI, is well established, however, the information on the regulatory roles of these PTMs in response to MSP1-induced signaling is currently elusive. Here, we report the phosphoproteome, ubiquitinome, and acetylproteome to investigate the MSP1-induced PTMs alterations in MSP1 overexpressed and wild-type rice. Our analysis identified a total of 4666 PTMs-modified sites in rice leaves including 4292 phosphosites, 189 ubiquitin sites, and 185 acetylation sites. Among these, the PTM status of 437 phosphorylated, 53 ubiquitinated, and 68 acetylated peptides was significantly changed by MSP1. Functional annotation of MSP1 modulated peptides by MapMan analysis revealed that these were majorly associated with cellular immune responses including signaling, transcription factors, DNA and RNA regulation, and protein metabolism, among others. Taken together, our study provides novel insights into post-translational mediated regulation of rice proteins in response to M. oryzae secreted PAMP which help in understanding the molecular mechanism of MSP1-induced signaling in rice in greater detail. SIGNIFICANCE: The research investigates the effect of overexpression of MSP1 protein in rice leaves on the phosphoproteome, acetylome, and ubiquitinome. The study found that MSP1 is involved in rice protein phosphorylation, particularly in signaling pathways, and identified a key component, PTAC16, in MSP1-induced signaling. The analysis also revealed MSP1's role in protein degradation and modification by inducing ubiquitination of the target rice proteins. The research identified potential kinases involved in the phosphorylation of rice proteins, including casein kinase II, 14-3-3 domain binding motif, β-adrenergic receptor kinase, ERK1,2 kinase substrate motif, and casein kinase I motifs. Overall, the findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying of MSP1 induced signaling in rice which may have implications for improving crop yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Hyun Lee
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Jang
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea
| | - Yiming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, South Korea.
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea.
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An JP, Li HL, Liu ZY, Wang DR, You CX, Han Y. The E3 ubiquitin ligase SINA1 and the protein kinase BIN2 cooperatively regulate PHR1 in apple anthocyanin biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2175-2193. [PMID: 37272713 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PHR1 (PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1) plays key roles in the inorganic phosphate (Pi) starvation response and in Pi deficiency-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. However, the post-translational regulation of PHR1 is unclear, and the molecular basis of PHR1-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis remains elusive. In this study, we determined that MdPHR1 was essential for Pi deficiency-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple (Malus × domestica). MdPHR1 interacted with MdWRKY75, a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, to enhance the MdWRKY75-activated transcription of MdMYB1, leading to anthocyanin accumulation. In addition, the E3 ubiquitin ligase SEVEN IN ABSENTIA1 (MdSINA1) negatively regulated MdPHR1-promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis via the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of MdPHR1. Moreover, the protein kinase apple BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 (MdBIN2) phosphorylated MdPHR1 and positively regulated MdPHR1-mediated anthocyanin accumulation by attenuating the MdSINA1-mediated ubiquitination degradation of MdPHR1. Taken together, these findings not only demonstrate the regulatory role of MdPHR1 in Pi starvation induced anthocyanin accumulation, but also provide an insight into the post-translational regulation of PHR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping An
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Hong-Liang Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Da-Ru Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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12
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Zou T, Li G, Liu M, Liu R, Yang S, Wang K, Lu L, Ye Q, Liu J, Liang J, Deng Q, Wang S, Zhu J, Liang Y, Liu H, Yu X, Sun C, Li P, Li S. A ubiquitin-specific protease functions in regulating cell death and immune responses in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1312-1326. [PMID: 36624579 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific proteases (UBPs) process deubiquitination in eukaryotic organisms and are widely involved in plant development and responses to environmental stress. However, their role in cell death and plant immunity remains largely unknown. Here, we identified a rice lesion mimic mutant (LMM) and cloned its causative gene, LMM22. Both dysfunction and overexpression of LMM22 gave rise to the hypersensitive response-like cell death, reactive oxygen species bursts, and activated defence responses. LMM22 encodes an active UBP that is localised to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and displays a constitutive expression pattern in rice. LMM22 interacts with SPOTTED LEAF 35 (SPL35), a coupling of ubiquitin conjugation to ER degradation domain-containing protein that is known to participate in ubiquitination and the regulation of cell death and disease response in rice. Additional analyses suggest that LMM22 can positively regulate and stabilise the abundance of SPL35 protein likely through its deubiquitination activity. These data therefore improve our understanding of the function of UBP in rice innate immune responses by demonstrating that LMM22 functions as a critical regulator of SPL35 in cell death and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gongwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shangyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liuhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueyang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huainian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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13
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Domingo G, Vannini C, Bracale M, Bonfante P. Proteomics as a tool to decipher plant responses in arbuscular mycorrhizal interactions: a meta-analysis. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200108. [PMID: 36571480 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial symbiosis between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi leads to a deep reprogramming of plant metabolism, involving the regulation of several molecular mechanisms, many of which are poorly characterized. In this regard, proteomics is a powerful tool to explore changes related to plant-microbe interactions. This study provides a comprehensive proteomic meta-analysis conducted on AM-modulated proteins at local (roots) and systemic (shoots/leaves) level. The analysis was implemented by an in-depth study of root membrane-associated proteins and by a comparison with a transcriptome meta-analysis. A total of 4262 differentially abundant proteins were retrieved and, to identify the most relevant AM-regulated processes, a range of bioinformatic studies were conducted, including functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction network analysis. In addition to several protein transporters which are present in higher amounts in AM plants, and which are expected due to the well-known enhancement of AM-induced mineral uptake, our analysis revealed some novel traits. We detected a massive systemic reprogramming of translation with a central role played by the ribosomal translational apparatus. On one hand, these new protein-synthesis efforts well support the root cellular re-organization required by the fungal penetration, and on the other they have a systemic impact on primary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Domingo
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Candida Vannini
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marcella Bracale
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
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14
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Fartash AH, Ben C, Mazurier M, Ebrahimi A, Ghalandar M, Gentzbittel L, Rickauer M. Medicago truncatula quantitative resistance to a new strain of Verticillium alfalfae from Iran revealed by a genome-wide association study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1125551. [PMID: 37123855 PMCID: PMC10140629 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1125551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a major threat to many crops, among them alfalfa (Medicago sativa). The model plant Medicago truncatula, a close relative of alfalfa was used to study the genetic control of resistance towards a new Verticillium alfalfae isolate. The accidental introduction of pathogen strains through global trade is a threat to crop production and such new strains might also be better adapted to global warming. Isolates of V. alfalfae were obtained from alfalfa fields in Iran and characterized. The Iranian isolate AF1 was used in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 242 accessions from the Mediterranean region. Root inoculations were performed with conidia at 25°C and symptoms were scored regularly. Maximum Symptom Score and Area under Disease Progess Curve were computed as phenotypic traits to be used in GWAS and for comparison to a previous study with French isolate V31.2 at 20°C. This comparison showed high correlation with a shift to higher susceptibility, and similar geographical distribution of resistant and susceptible accessions to AF1 at 25°C, with resistant accessions mainly in the western part. GWAS revealed 30 significant SNPs linked to resistance towards isolate AF1. None of them were common to the previous study with isolate V31.2 at 20°C. To confirm these loci, the expression of nine underlying genes was studied. All genes were induced in roots following inoculation, in susceptible and resistant plants. However, in resistant plants induction was higher and lasted longer. Taken together, the use of a new pathogen strain and a shift in temperature revealed a completely different genetic control compared to a previous study that demonstrated the existence of two major QTLs. These results can be useful for Medicago breeding programs to obtain varieties better adapted to future conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Fartash
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique, Université Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Ben
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique, Université Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- Project Center for Agro Technologies, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mélanie Mazurier
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique, Université Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Asa Ebrahimi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ghalandar
- Plant Protection Department, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Arak, Iran
| | - Laurent Gentzbittel
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique, Université Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- Project Center for Agro Technologies, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Martina Rickauer
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique, Université Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Martina Rickauer,
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15
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RING-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligases AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 Positively Regulate the Expression of PR1 Gene and Pattern-Triggered Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314525. [PMID: 36498851 PMCID: PMC9739713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of E3 ubiquitin ligases from different families for plant immune signaling has been confirmed. Plant RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are members of the E3 ligase superfamily and have been shown to play positive or negative roles during the regulation of various steps of plant immunity. Here, we present Arabidopsis RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 which act as positive regulators of flg22- and SA-mediated defense signaling. Expression of AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 is induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pathogens. The atrduf1 and atrduf2 mutants displayed weakened responses when triggered by PAMPs. Immune responses, including oxidative burst, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, and transcriptional activation of marker genes, were attenuated in the atrduf1 and atrduf2 mutants. The suppressed activation of PTI responses also resulted in enhanced susceptibility to bacterial pathogens. Interestingly, atrduf1 and atrduf2 mutants showed defects in SA-mediated or pathogen-mediated PR1 expression; however, avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000-induced cell death was unaffected. Our findings suggest that AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 are not just PTI-positive regulators but are also involved in SA-mediated PR1 gene expression, which is important for resistance to P. syringae.
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16
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Choi C, Im JH, Lee J, Kwon SI, Kim WY, Park SR, Hwang DJ. OsDWD1 E3 ligase-mediated OsNPR1 degradation suppresses basal defense in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:966-981. [PMID: 36168109 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Many ubiquitin E3 ligases function in plant immunity. Here, we show that Oryza sativa (rice) DDB1 binding WD (OsDWD1) suppresses immune responses by targeting O. sativa non-expresser of pathogenesis-related gene 1 (OsNPR1) for degradation. Knock-down and overexpression experiments in rice plants showed that OsDWD1 is a negative regulator of the immune response and that OsNPR1 is a substrate of OsDWD1 and a substrate receptor of OsCRL4. After constructing the loss-of-function mutant OsDWD1R239A , we showed that the downregulation of OsNPR1 seen in rice lines overexpressing wild-type (WT) OsDWD1 (OsDWD1WT -ox) was compromised in OsDWD1R239A -ox lines, and that OsNPR1 upregulation enhanced resistance to pathogen infection, confirming that OsCRL4OsDWD1 regulates OsNPR1 protein levels. The enhanced disease resistance seen in OsDWD1 knock-down (OsDWD1-kd) lines contrasted with the reduced disease resistance in double knock-down (OsDWD1/OsNPR1-kd) lines, indicating that the enhanced disease resistance of OsDWD1-kd resulted from the accumulation of OsNPR1. Moreover, an in vivo heterologous protein degradation assay in Arabidopsis thaliana ddb1 mutants confirmed that the CUL4-based E3 ligase system can also influence OsNPR1 protein levels in Arabidopsis. Although OsNPR1 was degraded by the OsCRL4OsDWD1 -mediated ubiquitination system, the phosphodegron-motif-mutated NPR1 was partially degraded in the DWD1-ox protoplasts. This suggests that there might be another degradation process for OsNPR1. Taken together, these results indicate that OsDWD1 regulates OsNPR1 protein levels in rice to suppress the untimely activation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhyun Choi
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Im
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinjeong Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Il Kwon
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52825, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ryeol Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Ju Hwang
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
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17
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Yan P, Yu J, Fang X, Li S, Han S, Lin T, Liu Y, Yang C, He F, Zhu T, Li S. Identification of the interacting proteins of Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis grandis in response to the transcription factor ApCtf1β in Arthrinium phaeospermum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:991077. [PMID: 36186076 PMCID: PMC9520005 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.991077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arthrinium phaeospermum is the main pathogen that causes Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis grandis blight. It secretes the cutinase transcription factor ApCtf1β, which has been shown to play an important role in B. pervariabilis × D. grandis virulence. However, knowledge about the interaction target genes of ApCtf1β in B. pervariabilis × D. grandis remains limited. A cDNA library for the yeast two-hybrid system was constructed from B. pervariabilis × D. grandis shoots after 168 h treatment with A. phaeospermum. The library was identified as 1.20 × 107 cfu, with an average insert >1,000 bp in size and a 100% positive rate, providing a database for the subsequent molecular study of the interaction between A. phaeospermum and B. pervariabilis × D. grandis. The yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down assays were used to screen for and identify two ApCtf1β interacting target proteins, BDUbc and BDSKL1, providing a reliable theoretical basis to study the molecular mechanism underlying B. pervariabilis × D. grandis resistance in response to A. phaeospermum, which would, in turn, establish a platform to develop new strategies for the sustainable and effective control of the blight diseases of forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinmei Fang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuying Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Han
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiantian Lin
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinggao Liu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunlin Yang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang He
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujiang Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chengdu, China
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18
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Hu LJ, Wu XQ, Wen TY, Ye JR, Qiu YJ, Rui L, Zhang Y. The key molecular pattern BxCDP1 of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus induces plant immunity and enhances plant defense response via two small peptide regions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:937473. [PMID: 35991456 PMCID: PMC9382027 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.937473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The migratory plant-parasitic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the pathogen of the pine wilt disease (PWD), causing serious damage to pine forests in China. During the process of plant resistance to multiple pathogens, plant immunity plays a key role. In this current study, the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) BxCDP1 in B. xylophilus has been identified, but the host target protein of BxCDP1 and its key amino acid region inducing the plant immunity have yet to be elucidated. We found that BxCDP1 could trigger superoxide production, H2O2 production, and callose deposits. A RING-H2 finger protein 1 (RHF1) of Pinus thunbergii was screened and characterized as a target protein of BxCDP1 by yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). Moreover, two peptides (namely M9 and M16) proved to be key regions of BxCDP1 to induce PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) in Nicotiana benthamiana, which also induced the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes (PtPR-3, PtPR-4, and PtPR-5) in P. thunbergii and enhanced the resistance of the host to B. xylophilus. These results indicate that BxCDP1 plays a critical role in the interaction between B. xylophilus and P. thunbergii, and both peptides M9 and M16 have the potential to be developed and utilized as immune inducers of pines against B. xylophilus in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Jiao Hu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong-Yue Wen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Ren Ye
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Jun Qiu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Rui
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Wei W, Wu X, Blahut-Beatty L, Simmonds DH, Clough SJ. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Molecular Players in Early Soybean- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Interaction. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1739-1752. [PMID: 35778800 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-21-0329-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes Sclerotinia stem rot on soybean. Using RNA sequencing, the transcriptomes of the soybean host and the S. sclerotiorum pathogen were simultaneously determined at 4 and 8 h postinoculation (hpi). Two soybean genotypes were involved: a resistant oxalate oxidase (OxO)-transgenic line and its susceptible parent, AC Colibri (AC). Of the 594 genes that were significantly induced by S. sclerotiorum, both hosts expressed genes related to jasmonic acid, ethylene, oxidative burst, and phenylpropanoids. In all, 36% of the differentially expressed genes encoded genes associated with transcription factors, ubiquitination, or general signaling transduction such as receptor-like kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases, and hormones. No significant differentially expressed genes were identified between genotypes, suggesting that oxalic acid (OA) did not play a differential role in early disease development or primary lesion formation under the conditions used. Looking at pathogen behavior through its gene expression during infection, thousands of genes in S. sclerotiorum were induced at 8 hpi, compared with expression in culture. Many plant cell-wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), sugar transport genes, and genes involved in secondary metabolism were upregulated and could contribute to early pathogenesis. When infecting the OxO plants, there was a higher induction of genes encoding OA, botcinic acid, PCWDEs, proteases, and potential effectors, revealing the wealth of virulence factors available to this pathogen as it attempts to colonize a host. Data presented identify hundreds of genes associated with the very early stages of infection for both the host and pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - Laureen Blahut-Beatty
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Daina H Simmonds
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Steven J Clough
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
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20
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Yang M, Liu Y. Autophagy in plant viral infection. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2152-2162. [PMID: 35404481 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway that delivers dysfunctional cellular organelles or other cytosol components to degradative vesicular structures (vacuoles in plants and yeasts, lysosomes in mammals) for degradation and recycling. Viruses are intracellular parasites that hijack their host to live. Research on regulation of the trade-off between plant cells and viruses has indicated that autophagy is an integral part of the host responses to virus infection. Meanwhile, plants have evolved a diverse array of defense responses to counter pathogenic viruses. In this review, we focus on the roles of autophagy in plant virus infection and offer a glimpse of recent advances about how plant viruses evade autophagy or manipulate host autophagy pathways to complete their replication cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Alkemade JA, Nazzicari N, Messmer MM, Annicchiarico P, Ferrari B, Voegele RT, Finckh MR, Arncken C, Hohmann P. Genome-wide association study reveals white lupin candidate gene involved in anthracnose resistance. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:1011-1024. [PMID: 34988630 PMCID: PMC8942938 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-04014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
GWAS identifies candidate gene controlling resistance to anthracnose disease in white lupin. White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is a promising grain legume to meet the growing demand for plant-based protein. Its cultivation, however, is severely threatened by anthracnose disease caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lupini. To dissect the genetic architecture for anthracnose resistance, genotyping by sequencing was performed on white lupin accessions collected from the center of domestication and traditional cultivation regions. GBS resulted in 4611 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for 181 accessions, which were combined with resistance data observed under controlled conditions to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Obtained disease phenotypes were shown to highly correlate with overall three-year disease assessments under Swiss field conditions (r > 0.8). GWAS results identified two significant SNPs associated with anthracnose resistance on gene Lalb_Chr05_g0216161 encoding a RING zinc-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase which is potentially involved in plant immunity. Population analysis showed a remarkably fast linkage disequilibrium decay, weak population structure and grouping of commercial varieties with landraces, corresponding to the slow domestication history and scarcity of modern breeding efforts in white lupin. Together with 15 highly resistant accessions identified in the resistance assay, our findings show promise for further crop improvement. This study provides the basis for marker-assisted selection, genomic prediction and studies aimed at understanding anthracnose resistance mechanisms in white lupin and contributes to improving breeding programs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris A Alkemade
- Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Nelson Nazzicari
- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, CREA, Lodi, Italy
| | - Monika M Messmer
- Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland.
| | | | - Barbara Ferrari
- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, CREA, Lodi, Italy
| | - Ralf T Voegele
- Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria R Finckh
- Department of Ecological Plant Protection, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Christine Arncken
- Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Hohmann
- Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
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The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ATL9 Affects Expression of Defense Related Genes, Cell Death and Callose Deposition in Response to Fungal Infection. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11010068. [PMID: 35056016 PMCID: PMC8778023 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants use diverse strategies to defend themselves from biotic stresses in nature, which include the activation of defense gene expression and a variety of signal transduction pathways. Previous studies have shown that protein ubiquitination plays a critical role in plant defense responses, however the details of its function remain unclear. Our previous work has shown that increasing expression levels of ATL9, an E3 ubiquitin ligase in Arabidopsis thaliana, increased resistance to infection by the fungal pathogen, Golovinomyces cichoracearum. In this study, we demonstrate that the defense-related proteins PDF1.2, PCC1 and FBS1 directly interact with ATL9 and are targeted for degradation to the proteasome by ATL9. The expression levels of PDF1.2, PCC1 and FBS1 are decreased in T-DNA insertional mutants of atl9 and T-DNA insertional mutants of pdf1.2, pcc1 and fbs1 are more susceptible to fungal infection. In addition, callose is more heavily deposited at infection sites in the mutants of atl9, fbs1, pcc1 and pdf1.2. Overexpression of ATL9 and of mutants in fbs1, pcc1 and pdf1.2 showed increased levels of cell death during infection. Together these results indicate that ubiquitination, cell death and callose deposition may work together to enhance defense responses to fungal pathogens.
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23
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Liu X, Song L, Zhang H, Lin Y, Shen X, Guo J, Su M, Shi G, Wang Z, Lu G. Rice ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme OsUBC26 is essential for immunity to the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1613-1623. [PMID: 34459564 PMCID: PMC8578843 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The functions of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2) in plant immunity are not well understood. In this study, OsUBC26, a rice ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, was characterized in the defence against Magnaporthe oryzae. The expression of OsUBC26 was induced by M. oryzae inoculation and methyl jasmonate treatment. Both RNA interference lines and CRISPR/Cas9 null mutants of OsUBC26 reduced rice resistance to M. oryzae. WRKY45 was down-regulated in OsUBC26 null mutants. In vitro E2 activity assay indicated that OsUBC26 is an active ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Yeast two-hybrid assays using OsUBC26 as bait identified the RING-type E3 ligase UCIP2 as an interacting protein. Coimmunoprecipitation assays confirmed the interaction between OsUBC26 and UCIP2. The CRISPR/Cas9 mutants of UCIP2 also showed compromised resistance to M. oryzae. Yeast two-hybrid screening using UCIP2 as bait revealed that APIP6 is a binding partner of UCIP2. Moreover, OsUBC26 working with APIP6 ubiquitinateds AvrPiz-t, an avirulence effector of M. oryzae, and OsUBC26 null mutation impaired the proteasome degradation of AvrPiz-t in rice cells. In summary, OsUBC26 plays important roles in rice disease resistance by regulating WRKY45 expression and working with E3 ligases such as APIP6 to counteract the effector protein AvrPiz-t from M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsKey Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry BiologyMinistry of EducationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Linlin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsKey Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry BiologyMinistry of EducationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsKey Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry BiologyMinistry of EducationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yijuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsKey Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry BiologyMinistry of EducationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xiaolei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsKey Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry BiologyMinistry of EducationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jiayuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsKey Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry BiologyMinistry of EducationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Meiling Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsKey Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry BiologyMinistry of EducationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Gaosheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsKey Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry BiologyMinistry of EducationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsKey Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry BiologyMinistry of EducationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Guo‐Dong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsKey Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemistry BiologyMinistry of EducationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
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24
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Li S, Hanlon R, Wise H, Pal N, Brar H, Liao C, Gao H, Perez E, Zhou L, Tyler BM, Bhattacharyya MK. Interaction of Phytophthora sojae Effector Avr1b With E3 Ubiquitin Ligase GmPUB1 Is Required for Recognition by Soybeans Carrying Phytophthora Resistance Rps1-b and Rps1-k Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:725571. [PMID: 34691104 PMCID: PMC8526854 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.725571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora sojae is an oomycete that causes stem and root rot disease in soybean. P. sojae delivers many RxLR effector proteins, including Avr1b, into host cells to promote infection. We show here that Avr1b interacts with the soybean U-box protein, GmPUB1-1, in yeast two-hybrid, pull down, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BIFC) assays. GmPUB1-1, and a homeologous copy GmPUB1-2, are induced by infection and encode 403 amino acid proteins with U-Box domains at their N-termini. Non-synonymous mutations in the Avr1b C-terminus that abolish suppression of cell death also abolished the interaction of Avr1b with GmPUB1-1, while deletion of the GmPUB1-1 C-terminus, but not the U box, abolished the interaction. BIFC experiments suggested that the GmPUB1-1-Avr1b complex is targeted to the nucleus. In vitro ubiquitination assays demonstrated that GmPUB1-1 possesses E3 ligase activity. Silencing of the GmPUB1 genes in soybean cotyledons resulted in loss of recognition of Avr1b by gene products encoded by Rps1-b and Rps1-k. The recognition of Avr1k (which did not interact with GmPUB1-1) by Rps1-k plants was not, however, affected following GmPUB1-1 silencing. Furthermore, over-expression of GmPUB1-1 in particle bombardment experiments triggered cell death suggesting that GmPUB1 may be a positive regulator of effector-triggered immunity. In a yeast two-hybrid system, GmPUB1-1 also interacted with a number of other RxLR effectors including Avr1d, while Avr1b and Avr1d interacted with a number of other infection-induced GmPUB proteins, suggesting that the pathogen uses a multiplex of interactions of RxLR effectors with GmPUB proteins to modulate host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Regina Hanlon
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Hua Wise
- Center for Quantitative Life Sciences and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Narinder Pal
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Hargeet Brar
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Chunyu Liao
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Eli Perez
- Center for Quantitative Life Sciences and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Lecong Zhou
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Brett M. Tyler
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Center for Quantitative Life Sciences and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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25
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Kan CC, Mendoza-Herrera A, Levy J, Hull JJ, Fabrick JA, Tamborindeguy C. HPE1, an Effector from Zebra Chip Pathogen Interacts with Tomato Proteins and Perturbs Ubiquitinated Protein Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9003. [PMID: 34445707 PMCID: PMC8396652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gram-negative bacterial genus Liberibacter includes economically important pathogens, such as 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' that cause citrus greening disease (or Huanglongbing, HLB) and 'Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum' (Lso) that cause zebra chip disease in potato. Liberibacter pathogens are fastidious bacteria transmitted by psyllids. Pathogen manipulation of the host' and vector's immune system for successful colonization is hypothesized to be achieved by Sec translocon-dependent effectors (SDE). In previous work, we identified hypothetical protein effector 1 (HPE1), an SDE from Lso, that acts as a suppressor of the plant's effector-triggered immunity (ETI)-like response. In this study, using a yeast two-hybrid system, we identify binding interactions between tomato RAD23 proteins and HPE1. We further show that HPE1 interacts with RAD23 in both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments in planta. Immunoblot assays show that HPE1 is not ubiquitinated in the plant cell, but rather the expression of HPE1 induced the accumulation of other ubiquitinated proteins. A similar accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins is also observed in Lso infected tomato plants. Finally, earlier colonization and symptom development following Lso haplotype B infection are observed in HPE1 overexpressing plants compared to wild-type plants. Overall, our results suggest that HPE1 plays a role in virulence in Lso pathogenesis, possibly by perturbing the ubiquitin-proteasome system via direct interaction with the ubiquitin-like domain of RAD23 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Cheng Kan
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.-C.K.); (A.M.-H.)
| | - Azucena Mendoza-Herrera
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.-C.K.); (A.M.-H.)
| | - Julien Levy
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - J. Joe Hull
- USDA-ARS, Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA; (J.J.H.); (J.A.F.)
| | - Jeffery A. Fabrick
- USDA-ARS, Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA; (J.J.H.); (J.A.F.)
| | - Cecilia Tamborindeguy
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.-C.K.); (A.M.-H.)
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26
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Campos MD, Félix MDR, Patanita M, Materatski P, Varanda C. High throughput sequencing unravels tomato-pathogen interactions towards a sustainable plant breeding. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:171. [PMID: 34333540 PMCID: PMC8325677 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most economically important vegetables throughout the world. It is one of the best studied cultivated dicotyledonous plants, often used as a model system for plant research into classical genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, and molecular biology. Tomato plants are affected by different pathogens such as viruses, viroids, fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, and nematodes, that reduce yield and affect product quality. The study of tomato as a plant-pathogen system helps to accelerate the discovery and understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying disease resistance and offers the opportunity of improving the yield and quality of their edible products. The use of functional genomics has contributed to this purpose through both traditional and recently developed techniques, that allow the identification of plant key functional genes in susceptible and resistant responses, and the understanding of the molecular basis of compatible interactions during pathogen attack. Next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS), which produce massive quantities of sequencing data, have greatly accelerated research in biological sciences and offer great opportunities to better understand the molecular networks of plant-pathogen interactions. In this review, we summarize important research that used high-throughput RNA-seq technology to obtain transcriptome changes in tomato plants in response to a wide range of pathogens such as viruses, fungi, bacteria, oomycetes, and nematodes. These findings will facilitate genetic engineering efforts to incorporate new sources of resistance in tomato for protection against pathogens and are of major importance for sustainable plant-disease management, namely the ones relying on the plant's innate immune mechanisms in view of plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Doroteia Campos
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal.
| | - Maria do Rosário Félix
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Mariana Patanita
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Patrick Materatski
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Carla Varanda
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
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27
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Zhu G, Gao C, Wu C, Li M, Xu JR, Liu H, Wang Q. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals distinct gene expression profiles in Brachypodium distachyon infected by two fungal pathogens. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:304. [PMID: 34193039 PMCID: PMC8243454 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of cereal crops is frequently affected by diseases caused by Fusarium graminearum and Magnaporthe oryzae, two devastating fungal pathogens. To improve crop resistance, many studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms of host defense against these two fungi individually. However, our knowledge of the common and different host defenses against these pathogens is very limited. RESULTS In this study, we employed Brachypodium distachyon as a model for cereal crops and performed comparative transcriptomics to study the dynamics of host gene expression at different infection stages. We found that infection with either F. graminearum or M. oryzae triggered massive transcriptomic reprogramming in the diseased tissues. Numerous defense-related genes were induced with dynamic changes during the time course of infection, including genes that function in pattern detection, MAPK cascade, phytohormone signaling, transcription, protein degradation, and secondary metabolism. In particular, the expression of jasmonic acid signaling genes and proteasome component genes were likely specifically inhibited or manipulated upon infection by F. graminearum. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis showed that, although the affected host pathways are similar, their expression programs and regulations are distinct during infection by F. graminearum and M. oryzae. The results provide valuable insight into the interactions between B. distachyon and two important cereal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengrui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin-Rong Xu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Huiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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28
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Vieira P, Vicente CSL, Branco J, Buchan G, Mota M, Nemchinov LG. The Root Lesion Nematode Effector Ppen10370 Is Essential for Parasitism of Pratylenchus penetrans. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:645-657. [PMID: 33400561 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-20-0267-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans is a migratory species that attacks a broad range of crops. Like other plant pathogens, P. penetrans deploys a battery of secreted protein effectors to manipulate plant hosts and induce disease. Although several candidate effectors of P. penetrans have been identified, detailed mechanisms of their functions and particularly their host targets remain largely unexplored. In this study, a repertoire of candidate genes encoding pioneer effectors of P. penetrans was amplified from mixed life stages of the nematode, and candidate effectors were cloned and subjected to transient expression in a heterologous host, Nicotiana benthamiana, using potato virus X-based gene vector. Among seven analyzed genes, the candidate effector designated as Ppen10370 triggered pleiotropic phenotypes substantially different from those produced by wild type infection. Transcriptome analysis of plants expressing Ppen10370 demonstrated that observed phenotypic changes were likely related to disruption of core biological processes in the plant due to effector-originated activities. Cross-species comparative analysis of Ppen10370 identified homolog gene sequences in five other Pratylenchus species, and their transcripts were found to be localized specifically in the nematode esophageal glands by in situ hybridization. RNA silencing of the Ppen10370 resulted in a significant reduction of nematode reproduction and development, demonstrating an important role of the esophageal gland effector for parasitism.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Vieira
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, U.S.A
- School of Plant and Environmental Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A
| | - Cláudia S L Vicente
- NemaLab, MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
- INIAV, I.P.-Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jordana Branco
- NemaLab, MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Gary Buchan
- Electron & Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A
| | - Manuel Mota
- NemaLab, MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Lev G Nemchinov
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, U.S.A
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29
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Karre S, Kim S, Samira R, Balint‐Kurti P. The maize ZmMIEL1 E3 ligase and ZmMYB83 transcription factor proteins interact and regulate the hypersensitive defence response. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:694-709. [PMID: 33825303 PMCID: PMC8126188 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The plant hypersensitive response (HR), a rapid cell death at the point of pathogenesis, is mediated by nucleotide-binding site, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) resistance proteins (R-proteins) that recognize the presence of specific pathogen-derived proteins. Rp1-D21 is an autoactive maize NLR R-protein that triggers HR spontaneously. We previously mapped loci associated with variation in the strength of HR induced by Rp1-D21. Here we identify the E3 ligase ZmMIEL1 as the causal gene at a chromosome 10 modifier locus. Transient ZmMIEL1 expression in Nicotiana benthamiana reduced HR induced by Rp1-D21, while suppression of ZmMIEL1 expression in maize carrying Rp1-D21 increased HR. ZmMIEL1 also suppressed HR induced by another autoactive NLR, the Arabidopsis R-protein RPM1D505V, in N. benthamiana. We demonstrated that ZmMIEL1 is a functional E3 ligase and that the effect of ZmMIEL1 was dependent on the proteasome but also that levels of Rp1-D21 and RPM1D505V were not reduced when coexpressed with ZmMIEL1 in the N. benthamiana system. By comparison to a similar system in Arabidopsis, we identify ZmMYB83 as a potential target of ZmMIEL1. Suppression of ZmMYB83 expression in maize lines carrying Rp1-D21 suppressed HR. Suppression of ZmMIEL1 expression caused an increase in ZmMYB83 transcript and protein levels in N. benthamiana and maize. Using coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we demonstrated that ZmMIEL1 and ZmMYB83 physically interacted. Additionally, ZmMYB83 and ZmMIEL1 regulated the expression of a set of maize very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) biosynthetic genes that may be involved in regulating HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Karre
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyNC State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Saet‐Byul Kim
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyNC State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Rozalynne Samira
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyNC State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
- Fiber and Biopolymer Research InstituteDepartment of Plant and Soil ScienceTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Peter Balint‐Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyNC State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
- Plant Science Research Unit USDA‐ARSRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
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30
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Liu Y, Tang Y, Tan X, Ding W. NtRNF217, Encoding a Putative RBR E3 Ligase Protein of Nicotiana tabacum, Plays an Important Role in the Regulation of Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5507. [PMID: 34073690 PMCID: PMC8197134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases, the most important part of the ubiquitination process, participate in various processes of plant immune response. RBR E3 ligase is one of the E3 family members, but its functions in plant immunity are still little known. NtRNF217 is a RBR E3 ligase in tobacco based on the sequence analysis. To assess roles of NtRNF217 in tobacco responding to Ralstonia solanacearum, overexpression experiments in Nicotiana tabacum (Yunyan 87, a susceptible cultivar) were performed. The results illuminated that NtRNF217-overexpressed tobacco significantly reduced multiplication of R. solanacearum and inhibited the development of disease symptoms compared with wild-type plants. The accumulation of H2O2 and O2- in NtRNF217-OE plants was significantly higher than that in WT-Yunyan87 plants after pathogen inoculation. The activities of CAT and SOD also increased rapidly in a short time after R. solanacearum inoculation in NtRNF217-OE plants. What is more, overexpression of NtRNF217 enhanced the transcript levels of defense-related marker genes, such as NtEFE26, NtACC Oxidase, NtHIN1, NtHSR201, and NtSOD1 in NtRNF217-OE plants after R. solanacearum inoculation. The results suggested that NtRNF217 played an important role in regulating the expression of defense-related genes and the antioxidant enzymes, which resulted in resistance to R. solanacearum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Ding
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.L.); (Y.T.); (X.T.)
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Liu M, Braun U, Takamatsu S, Hambleton S, Shoukouhi P, Bisson KR, Hubbard K. Taxonomic revision of Blumeria based on multi-gene DNA sequences, host preferences and morphology. MYCOSCIENCE 2021; 62:143-165. [PMID: 37091321 PMCID: PMC9157761 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A taxonomic revision of the hitherto monotypic genus Blumeria was conducted incorporating multi-gene sequence analyses, host preference data and morphological criteria. The sequenced loci included rDNA ITS, partial chitin synthase gene (CHS1), as well as fragments of two unnamed orthologous genes (Bgt-1929, Bgt-4572). The combined evidence led to a reassessment and a new neotypification of B. graminiss. str. (emend.), and the description of seven additional species, viz. B. americana sp. nov. (mainly on hosts of the Triticeae), B. avenae sp. nov. (on Avena spp.), B. bromi-cathartici sp. nov. (on Bromus catharticus), B. bulbigera comb. nov. (on Bromus spp.), B. dactylidis sp. nov. (on Dactylis glomerata as the main host, but also on various other hosts), B. graminicola sp. nov. (on Poa spp. as principal hosts, but also on various other hosts), and B. hordei sp. nov. (on Hordeum spp.). Synonyms were assessed, some were lectotypified, and questionable names previously associated with powdery mildew on monocots were discussed although their identities remained unresolved. Keys to the described species were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
- First two authors should be considered as having equal contribution
| | - Uwe Braun
- Martin Luther University, Institute of Biology, Department of Geobotany
- First two authors should be considered as having equal contribution
| | | | - Sarah Hambleton
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
| | - Parivash Shoukouhi
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
| | | | - Keith Hubbard
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
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32
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Dubiella U, Serrano I. The Ubiquitin Proteasome System as a Double Agent in Plant-Virus Interactions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10050928. [PMID: 34066628 PMCID: PMC8148538 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome is a rapid, adaptive mechanism for selective protein degradation, crucial for proper plant growth and development. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has also been shown to be an integral part of plant responses to stresses, including plant defence against pathogens. Recently, significant progress has been made in the understanding of the involvement of the UPS in the signalling and regulation of the interaction between plants and viruses. This review aims to discuss the current knowledge about the response of plant viral infection by the UPS and how the viruses counteract this system, or even use it for their own benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullrich Dubiella
- KWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, Grimsehlstraße 31, 37574 Einbeck, Germany;
| | - Irene Serrano
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Ma X, Zhang C, Kim DY, Huang Y, Chatt E, He P, Vierstra RD, Shan L. Ubiquitylome analysis reveals a central role for the ubiquitin-proteasome system in plant innate immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1943-1965. [PMID: 33793954 PMCID: PMC8133637 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitylation profoundly expands proteome functionality and diversifies cellular signaling processes, with recent studies providing ample evidence for its importance to plant immunity. To gain a proteome-wide appreciation of ubiquitylome dynamics during immune recognition, we employed a two-step affinity enrichment protocol based on a 6His-tagged ubiquitin (Ub) variant coupled with high sensitivity mass spectrometry to identify Arabidopsis proteins rapidly ubiquitylated upon plant perception of the microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) peptide flg22. The catalog from 2-week-old seedlings treated for 30 min with flg22 contained 690 conjugates, 64 Ub footprints, and all seven types of Ub linkages, and included previously uncharacterized conjugates of immune components. In vivo ubiquitylation assays confirmed modification of several candidates upon immune elicitation, and revealed distinct modification patterns and dynamics for key immune components, including poly- and monoubiquitylation, as well as induced or reduced levels of ubiquitylation. Gene ontology and network analyses of the collection also uncovered rapid modification of the Ub-proteasome system itself, suggesting a critical auto-regulatory loop necessary for an effective MAMP-triggered immune response and subsequent disease resistance. Included targets were UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYME 13 (UBC13) and proteasome component REGULATORY PARTICLE NON-ATPASE SUBUNIT 8b (RPN8b), whose subsequent biochemical and genetic analyses implied negative roles in immune elicitation. Collectively, our proteomic analyses further strengthened the connection between ubiquitylation and flg22-based immune signaling, identified components and pathways regulating plant immunity, and increased the database of ubiquitylated substrates in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 425-G Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center, Pohang Technopark, Gyeong-Buk 37668, South Korea
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Elizabeth Chatt
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Richard D Vierstra
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 425-G Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
- Author for communication:
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Usman B, Zhao N, Nawaz G, Qin B, Liu F, Liu Y, Li R. CRISPR/Cas9 Guided Mutagenesis of Grain Size 3 Confers Increased Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Grain Length by Regulating Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor and Ubiquitin-Related Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063225. [PMID: 33810044 PMCID: PMC8004693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas9)-mediated genome editing has become an important way for molecular breeding in crop plants. To promote rice breeding, we edited the Grain Size 3 (GS3) gene for obtaining valuable and stable long-grain rice mutants. Furthermore, isobaric tags for the relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic method were applied to determine the proteome-wide changes in the GS3 mutants compared with wild type (WT). Two target sites were designed to construct the vector, and the Agrobacterium-mediated method was used for rice transformation. Specific mutations were successfully introduced, and the grain length (GL) and 1000-grain weight (GWT) of the mutants were increased by 31.39% and 27.15%, respectively, compared with WT. The iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis revealed that a total of 31 proteins were differentially expressed in the GS3 mutants, including 20 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated proteins. Results showed that differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were mainly related to cysteine synthase, cysteine proteinase inhibitor, vacuolar protein sorting-associated, ubiquitin, and DNA ligase. Furthermore, functional analysis revealed that DEPs were mostly enriched in cellular process, metabolic process, binding, transmembrane, structural, and catalytic activities. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEPs were mainly involved in lipid metabolism and oxylipin biosynthesis. The protein-to-protein interaction (PPI) network found that proteins related to DNA damage-binding, ubiquitin-40S ribosomal, and cysteine proteinase inhibitor showed a higher degree of interaction. The homozygous mutant lines featured by stable inheritance and long-grain phenotype were obtained using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This study provides a convenient and effective way of improving grain yield, which could significantly accelerate the breeding process of long-grain japonica parents and promote the development of high-yielding rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Usman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (B.U.); (N.Z.); (G.N.); (B.Q.); (F.L.)
| | - Neng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (B.U.); (N.Z.); (G.N.); (B.Q.); (F.L.)
| | - Gul Nawaz
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (B.U.); (N.Z.); (G.N.); (B.Q.); (F.L.)
| | - Baoxiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (B.U.); (N.Z.); (G.N.); (B.Q.); (F.L.)
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (B.U.); (N.Z.); (G.N.); (B.Q.); (F.L.)
| | - Yaoguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agricultural Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (R.L.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-1908 (Y.L.); +86-136-0009-4135 (R.L.)
| | - Rongbai Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (B.U.); (N.Z.); (G.N.); (B.Q.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (R.L.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-1908 (Y.L.); +86-136-0009-4135 (R.L.)
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Ao K, Tong M, Li L, Lüdke D, Lipka V, Chen S, Wiermer M, Li X. SCF SNIPER7 controls protein turnover of unfoldase CDC48A to promote plant immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2795-2811. [PMID: 33156518 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The unfoldase CDC48 (Cell Division Cycle 48) is highly conserved in eukaryotes, serving as an AAA + ATPase to extract ubiquitinated proteins from large protein complexes and membranes. Although its biochemical properties have been studied extensively in yeast and animal systems, the biological roles and regulations of the plant CDC48s have been explored only recently. Here we describe the identification of a novel E3 ligase from the SNIPER (snc1-influencing plant E3 ligase reverse genetic) screen, which contributes to plant defense regulation by targeting CDC48A for degradation. SNIPER7 encodes an F-box protein and its overexpression leads to autoimmunity. We identified CDC48s as interactors of SNIPER7 through immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry proteomic analysis. SNIPER7 overexpression lines phenocopy the autoimmune mutant Atcdc48a-4. Furthermore, CDC48A protein levels are reduced or stabilized when SNIPER7 is overexpressed or inhibited, respectively, suggesting that CDC48A is the ubiquitination substrate of SCFSNIPER7 . Taken together, this study reveals a new mechanism where a SCFSNIPER7 complex regulates CDC48 unfoldase levels and modulates immune output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ao
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Meixuezi Tong
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lin Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Daniel Lüdke
- Molecular Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Group, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Volker Lipka
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, D-37077, Germany
- Central Microscopy Facility of the Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - She Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Marcel Wiermer
- Molecular Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Group, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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36
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Karki SJ, Reilly A, Zhou B, Mascarello M, Burke J, Doohan F, Douchkov D, Schweizer P, Feechan A. A small secreted protein from Zymoseptoria tritici interacts with a wheat E3 ubiquitin ligase to promote disease. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021. [PMID: 33095257 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9w0vt4bcx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the ascomycete fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, is a major threat to wheat production worldwide. The Z. tritici genome encodes many small secreted proteins (ZtSSPs) that are likely to play a key role in the successful colonization of host tissues. However, few of these ZtSSPs have been functionally characterized for their role during infection. In this study, we identified and characterized a small, conserved cysteine-rich secreted effector from Z. tritici which has homologues in other plant pathogens in the Dothideomycetes. ZtSSP2 was expressed throughout Z. tritici infection in wheat, with the highest levels observed early during infection. A yeast two-hybrid assay revealed an interaction between ZtSSP2 and wheat E3 ubiquitin ligase (TaE3UBQ) in yeast, and this was further confirmed in planta using bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation. Down-regulation of this wheat E3 ligase using virus-induced gene silencing increased the susceptibility of wheat to STB. Together, these results suggest that TaE3UBQ is likely to play a role in plant immunity to defend against Z. tritici.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Jung Karki
- School of Agriculture & Food Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aisling Reilly
- School of Agriculture & Food Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Binbin Zhou
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Maurizio Mascarello
- School of Agriculture & Food Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Charles Deberiotstraat 8 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - James Burke
- School of Agriculture & Food Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Fiona Doohan
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dimitar Douchkov
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Cytogenetics, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Patrick Schweizer
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Cytogenetics, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Angela Feechan
- School of Agriculture & Food Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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37
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Karki SJ, Reilly A, Zhou B, Mascarello M, Burke J, Doohan F, Douchkov D, Schweizer P, Feechan A. A small secreted protein from Zymoseptoria tritici interacts with a wheat E3 ubiquitin ligase to promote disease. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:733-746. [PMID: 33095257 PMCID: PMC7853600 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the ascomycete fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, is a major threat to wheat production worldwide. The Z. tritici genome encodes many small secreted proteins (ZtSSPs) that are likely to play a key role in the successful colonization of host tissues. However, few of these ZtSSPs have been functionally characterized for their role during infection. In this study, we identified and characterized a small, conserved cysteine-rich secreted effector from Z. tritici which has homologues in other plant pathogens in the Dothideomycetes. ZtSSP2 was expressed throughout Z. tritici infection in wheat, with the highest levels observed early during infection. A yeast two-hybrid assay revealed an interaction between ZtSSP2 and wheat E3 ubiquitin ligase (TaE3UBQ) in yeast, and this was further confirmed in planta using bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation. Down-regulation of this wheat E3 ligase using virus-induced gene silencing increased the susceptibility of wheat to STB. Together, these results suggest that TaE3UBQ is likely to play a role in plant immunity to defend against Z. tritici.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Jung Karki
- School of Agriculture & Food Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aisling Reilly
- School of Agriculture & Food Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Binbin Zhou
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Maurizio Mascarello
- School of Agriculture & Food Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Charles Deberiotstraat 8 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - James Burke
- School of Agriculture & Food Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Fiona Doohan
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dimitar Douchkov
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Cytogenetics, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Patrick Schweizer
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Cytogenetics, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Angela Feechan
- School of Agriculture & Food Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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Doroodian P, Hua Z. The Ubiquitin Switch in Plant Stress Response. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:246. [PMID: 33514032 PMCID: PMC7911189 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin is a 76 amino acid polypeptide common to all eukaryotic organisms. It functions as a post-translationally modifying mark covalently linked to a large cohort of yet poorly defined protein substrates. The resulting ubiquitylated proteins can rapidly change their activities, cellular localization, or turnover through the 26S proteasome if they are no longer needed or are abnormal. Such a selective modification is essential to many signal transduction pathways particularly in those related to stress responses by rapidly enhancing or quenching output. Hence, this modification system, the so-called ubiquitin-26S proteasome system (UPS), has caught the attention in the plant research community over the last two decades for its roles in plant abiotic and biotic stress responses. Through direct or indirect mediation of plant hormones, the UPS selectively degrades key components in stress signaling to either negatively or positively regulate plant response to a given stimulus. As a result, a tightly regulated signaling network has become of much interest over the years. The ever-increasing changes of the global climate require both the development of new crops to cope with rapid changing environment and new knowledge to survey the dynamics of ecosystem. This review examines how the ubiquitin can switch and tune plant stress response and poses potential avenues to further explore this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paymon Doroodian
- Department of Environment and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Zhihua Hua
- Department of Environment and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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Poretti M, Sotiropoulos AG, Graf J, Jung E, Bourras S, Krattinger SG, Wicker T. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Wheat Lines in the Field Reveals Multiple Essential Biochemical Pathways Suppressed by Obligate Pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:720462. [PMID: 34659291 PMCID: PMC8513673 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.720462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mildew and rust are the most devastating cereal pathogens, and in wheat they can cause up to 50% yield loss every year. Wheat lines containing resistance genes are used to effectively control fungal diseases, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between wheat and its fungal pathogens are poorly understood. Here, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to compare the transcriptomic landscape of susceptible and resistant wheat lines to identify genes and pathways that are targeted by obligate biotrophic fungal pathogens. The five lines differed in the expression of thousands of genes under infection as well as control conditions. Generally, mixed infection with powdery mildew and leaf rust resulted in downregulation of numerous genes in susceptible lines. Interestingly, transcriptomic comparison between the nearly isogenic lines Thatcher and Thatcher-Lr34 identified 753 genes that are uniquely downregulated in the susceptible line upon infection. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, revealed the suppression of six major biochemical pathways, namely nuclear transport, alternative splicing, DNA damage response, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, phosphoinositol signaling, and photosynthesis. We conclude that powdery mildew and leaf rust evade the wheat defense system by suppression of programmed cell death (PCD) and responses to cellular damage. Considering the broad range of the induced changes, we propose that the pathogen targets "master regulators" at critical steps in the respective pathways. Identification of these wheat genes targeted by the pathogen could inspire new directions for future wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Poretti
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Johannes Graf
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Jung
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Salim Bourras
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Division of Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Simon G. Krattinger
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Wicker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Thomas Wicker,
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Kaur J, Kaur J, Dhillon GS, Kaur H, Singh J, Bala R, Srivastava P, Kaur S, Sharma A, Chhuneja P. Characterization and Mapping of Spot Blotch in Triticum durum-Aegilops speltoides Introgression Lines Using SNP Markers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:650400. [PMID: 34122476 PMCID: PMC8193842 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.650400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Spot blotch (SB) of wheat is emerging as a major threat to successful wheat production in warm and humid areas of the world. SB, also called leaf blight, is caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, and is responsible for high yield losses in Eastern Gangetic Plains Zone in India. More recently, SB is extending gradually toward cooler, traditional wheat-growing North-Western part of the country which is a major contributor to the national cereal basket. Deployment of resistant cultivars is considered as the most economical and ecologically sound measure to avoid losses due to this disease. In the present study, 89 backcross introgression lines (DSBILs) derived from Triticum durum (cv. PDW274-susceptible) × Aegilops speltoides (resistant) were evaluated against SB for four consecutive years, 2016-2020. Phenotypic evaluation of these lines showed a continuous variation in disease severity indicating that the resistance to SB is certainly quantitative in nature. Phenotypic data of DSBILs were further used for mapping QTLs using SNPs obtained by genotyping by sequencing. To identify QTLs stable across the environments, Best Linear Unbiased Estimates (BLUEs) and Predictions (BLUPs) were used for mapping QTLs based on stepwise regression-based Likelihood Ratio Test (RSTEP-LRT) for additive effect of markers and single marker analysis (SMA). Five QTLs, Q.Sb.pau-2A, Q.Sb.pau-2B, Q.Sb.pau-3B, Q.Sb.pau-5B, and Q.Sb.pau-6A, linked to SB resistance were mapped across chromosomes 2A, 2B, 3B, 5B, and 6A. Genes found adjacent to the SNP markers linked to these QTLs were literature mined to identify possible candidate genes by studying their role in plant pathogenesis. Further, highly resistant DSBIL (DSBIL-13) was selected to cross with a susceptible hexaploidy cultivar (HD3086) generating BC2F1 population. The QTL Q.Sb.pau-5B, linked to SNP S5B_703858864, was validated on this BC2F1 population and thus, may prove to be a potential diagnostic marker for SB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jashanpreet Kaur
- Department of Plant Pathology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jaspal Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | | | - Harmandeep Kaur
- Department of Plant Pathology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jasvir Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ritu Bala
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Puja Srivastava
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Satinder Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Achla Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Parveen Chhuneja
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
- *Correspondence: Parveen Chhuneja,
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41
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Chang Y, Bai Y, Wei Y, Shi H. CAMTA3 negatively regulates disease resistance through modulating immune response and extensive transcriptional reprogramming in cassava. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1520-1533. [PMID: 32705122 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the important crops in the world, cassava production is seriously threatened by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) all year round. Calmodulin-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) play key roles in biotic stress and abiotic stress in plants, however, their roles in cassava remain elusive. In this study, six MeCAMTAs were identified, and MeCAMTA3 with the highest induction upon Xam infection was confirmed as a transcription factor that binds to the vCGCGb motif. MeCAMTA3 negatively regulates plant disease resistance against Xam. On the one hand, MeCAMTA3 negatively regulated endogenous salicylic acid and reactive oxygen species accumulation, pathogenesis-related genes MePRs' transcripts and callose deposition during cassava-Xam interaction but not under control conditions. On the other hand, RNA sequencing showed extensive transcriptional reprogramming by MeCAMTA3, especially 18 genes with a vCGCGb motif in the promoter region in hormone signaling, antioxidant signaling and other disease resistance signaling. Notably, chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction showed that eight of these genes might be directly regulated by MeCAMTA3 through transcriptional repression. In summary, MeCAMTA3 negatively regulates plant disease resistance against cassava bacterial blight through modulation of multiple immune responses during cassava-Xam interaction and extensive transcriptional reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Chang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan province, 570228, China
| | - Yujing Bai
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan province, 570228, China
| | - Yunxie Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan province, 570228, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan province, 570228, China
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42
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SUSA2 is an F-box protein required for autoimmunity mediated by paired NLRs SOC3-CHS1 and SOC3-TN2. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5190. [PMID: 33060601 PMCID: PMC7562919 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both higher plants and mammals rely on nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors to detect pathogens and initiate immunity. Upon effector recognition, plant NLRs oligomerize for defense activation, the mechanism of which is poorly understood. We previously showed that disruption of the E3 ligase, Senescence-Associated E3 Ubiquitin Ligase 1 (SAUL1) leads to the activation of the NLR SOC3. Here, we report the identification of suppressor of saul1 2 (susa2) and susa3 from the saul1-1 suppressor screen. Pairwise interaction analysis suggests that both SUSA proteins interact with components of an SCFSUSA2 E3 ligase complex as well as CHS1 or TN2, truncated NLRs that pair with SOC3. susa2-2 only suppresses the autoimmunity mediated by either CHS1 or TN2, suggesting its specific involvement in SOC3-mediated immunity. In summary, our study indicates links between plant NLRs and an SCF complex that may enable ubiquitination and degradation of unknown downstream components to activate defense.
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43
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Wang H, Wang Z, Li Z, Lee TY. Incorporating Deep Learning With Word Embedding to Identify Plant Ubiquitylation Sites. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:572195. [PMID: 33102477 PMCID: PMC7554246 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.572195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitylation is an important posttranslational modification (PTM), which is involved in diverse biological processes and plays an essential role in the regulation of physiological mechanisms and diseases. The Protein Lysine Modifications Database (PLMD) has accumulated abundant ubiquitylated proteins with their substrate sites for more than 20 kinds of species. Numerous works have consequently developed a variety of ubiquitylation site prediction tools across all species, mainly relying on the predefined sequence features and machine learning algorithms. However, the difference in ubiquitylated patterns between these species stays unclear. In this work, the sequence-based characterization of ubiquitylated substrate sites has revealed remarkable differences among plants, animals, and fungi. Then an improved word-embedding scheme based on the transfer learning strategy was incorporated with the multilayer convolutional neural network (CNN) for identifying protein ubiquitylation sites. For the prediction of plant ubiquitylation sites, the proposed deep learning scheme could outperform the machine learning-based methods, with the accuracy of 75.6%, precision of 73.3%, recall of 76.7%, F-score of 0.7493, and 0.82 AUC on the independent testing set. Although the ubiquitylated specificity of substrate sites is complicated, this work has demonstrated that the application of the word-embedding method can enable the extraction of informative features and help the identification of ubiquitylated sites. To accelerate the investigation of protein ubiquitylation, the data sets and source code used in this study are freely available at https://github.com/wang-hong-fei/DL-plant-ubsites-prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Wang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongyan Li
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tzong-Yi Lee
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Zou C, Shu YN, Yang JJ, Pan LL, Zhao J, Chen N, Liu SS, Wang XW. Begomovirus-Associated Betasatellite Virulence Factor βC1 Attenuates Tobacco Defense to Whiteflies via Interacting With Plant SKP1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:574557. [PMID: 32973859 PMCID: PMC7481519 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.574557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant-mediated interactions between plant viruses and their vectors are important determinants of the population dynamics of both types of organisms in the field. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci can establish mutualism with begomoviruses via their shared host plants. This mutualism is achieved by the interaction between virulence factors and their host proteins. While the virulence factor βC1 encoded by tomato yellow leaf curl China betasatellite (TYLCCNB), a subviral agent associated to the begomovirus tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV), may interact with plant protein MYC2, thereby establishing the indirect mutualism between TYLCCNV and whitefly, whether other mechanisms are involved remains unknown. Here, we found the in vitro and in vivo interactions between βC1 and tobacco protein S-phase kinase associated protein 1 (NtSKP1). Silencing the expression of NtSKP1 enhanced the survival rate and fecundity of whiteflies on tobacco plants. NtSKP1 could activate the transcription of genes in jasmonic acid (JA) pathways by impairing the stabilization of JAZ1 protein. Moreover, βC1-NtSKP1 interaction could interfere JAZ1 degradation and attenuate the plant JA defense responses. These results revealed a novel mechanism underlying the better performance of whiteflies on TYLCCNV/TYLCCNB-infected plants.
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45
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Zhan H, Song L, Kamran A, Han F, Li B, Zhou Z, Liu T, Shen L, Li Y, Wang F, Yang J. Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis of Lysine Ubiquitination in Seedling Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20122-20133. [PMID: 32832766 PMCID: PMC7439365 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lysine ubiquitination, a widely studied posttranslational modification, plays vital roles in various biological processes in eukaryotic cells. Although several studies have examined the plant ubiquitylome, no such research has been performed in tobacco, a model plant for molecular biology. Here, we comprehensively analyzed lysine ubiquitination in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) using LC-MS/MS along with highly sensitive immune-affinity purification. In total, 964 lysine-ubiquitinated (Kub) sites were identified in 572 proteins. Extensive bioinformatics studies revealed the distribution of these proteins in various cellular locations, including the cytoplasm, chloroplast, nucleus, and plasma membrane. Notably, 25% of the Kub proteins were located in the chloroplast of which 21 were enzymatically involved in important pathways, that is, photosynthesis and carbon fixation. Western blot analysis indicated that TMV infection can cause changes in ubiquitination levels. This is the first comprehensive proteomic analysis of lysine ubiquitination in tobacco, illustrating the vital role of ubiquitination in various physiological and biochemical processes and representing a valuable addition to the existing landscape of lysine ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaixu Zhan
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated
Management, Tobacco Research Institute of
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Graduate
School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liyun Song
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated
Management, Tobacco Research Institute of
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Ali Kamran
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated
Management, Tobacco Research Institute of
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Fei Han
- State
Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Bin Li
- Sichuan
Tobacco Company, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Hunan
Tobacco Science Institute, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Tianbo Liu
- Hunan
Tobacco Science Institute, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated
Management, Tobacco Research Institute of
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated
Management, Tobacco Research Institute of
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated
Management, Tobacco Research Institute of
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- wangfenglong@ caas.cn
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling & Integrated
Management, Tobacco Research Institute of
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- . Tel.: +86-532-88703236
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Chen B, Lin L, Lu Y, Peng J, Zheng H, Yang Q, Rao S, Wu G, Li J, Chen Z, Song B, Chen J, Yan F. Ubiquitin-Like protein 5 interacts with the silencing suppressor p3 of rice stripe virus and mediates its degradation through the 26S proteasome pathway. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008780. [PMID: 32866188 PMCID: PMC7485977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin like protein 5 (UBL5) interacts with other proteins to regulate their function but differs from ubiquitin and other UBLs because it does not form covalent conjugates. Ubiquitin and most UBLs mediate the degradation of target proteins through the 26S proteasome but it is not known if UBL5 can also do that. Here we found that the UBL5s of rice and Nicotiana benthamiana interacted with rice stripe virus (RSV) p3 protein. Silencing of NbUBL5s in N. benthamiana facilitated RSV infection, while UBL5 overexpression conferred resistance to RSV in both N. benthamiana and rice. Further analysis showed that NbUBL5.1 impaired the function of p3 as a suppressor of silencing by degrading it through the 26S proteasome. NbUBL5.1 and OsUBL5 interacted with RPN10 and RPN13, the receptors of ubiquitin in the 26S proteasome. Furthermore, silencing of NbRPN10 or NbRPN13 compromised the degradation of p3 mediated by NbUBL5.1. Together, the results suggest that UBL5 mediates the degradation of RSV p3 protein through the 26S proteasome, a previously unreported plant defense strategy against RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Chen
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Qiankun Yang
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Guanwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Junmin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, China
| | - Baoan Song
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
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47
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Zhang Y, Zeng L. Crosstalk between Ubiquitination and Other Post-translational Protein Modifications in Plant Immunity. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100041. [PMID: 33367245 PMCID: PMC7748009 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are central to the modulation of protein activity, stability, subcellular localization, and interaction with partners. They greatly expand the diversity and functionality of the proteome and have taken the center stage as key players in regulating numerous cellular and physiological processes. Increasing evidence indicates that in addition to a single regulatory PTM, many proteins are modified by multiple different types of PTMs in an orchestrated manner to collectively modulate the biological outcome. Such PTM crosstalk creates a combinatorial explosion in the number of proteoforms in a cell and greatly improves the ability of plants to rapidly mount and fine-tune responses to different external and internal cues. While PTM crosstalk has been investigated in depth in humans, animals, and yeast, the study of interplay between different PTMs in plants is still at its infant stage. In the past decade, investigations showed that PTMs are widely involved and play critical roles in the regulation of interactions between plants and pathogens. In particular, ubiquitination has emerged as a key regulator of plant immunity. This review discusses recent studies of the crosstalk between ubiquitination and six other PTMs, i.e., phosphorylation, SUMOylation, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, acetylation, redox modification, and glycosylation, in the regulation of plant immunity. The two basic ways by which PTMs communicate as well as the underlying mechanisms and diverse outcomes of the PTM crosstalk in plant immunity are highlighted.
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48
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Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved vacuole/lysosome-mediated degradation pathway for clearing and recycling cellular components including cytosol, macromolecules, and dysfunctional organelles. In recent years, autophagy has emerged to play important roles in plant-pathogen interactions. It acts as an antiviral defense mechanism in plants. Moreover, increasing evidence shows that plant viruses can manipulate, hijack, or even exploit the autophagy pathway to promote pathogenesis, demonstrating the pivotal role of autophagy in the evolutionary arms race between hosts and viruses. In this review, we discuss recent findings about the antiviral and proviral roles of autophagy in plant-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Asigul Ismayil
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
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49
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Dallery JF, Zimmer M, Halder V, Suliman M, Pigné S, Le Goff G, Gianniou DD, Trougakos IP, Ouazzani J, Gasperini D, O’Connell RJ. Inhibition of jasmonate-mediated plant defences by the fungal metabolite higginsianin B. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2910-2921. [PMID: 32006004 PMCID: PMC7260715 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Infection of Arabidopsis thaliana by the ascomycete fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum is characterized by an early symptomless biotrophic phase followed by a destructive necrotrophic phase. The fungal genome contains 77 secondary metabolism-related biosynthetic gene clusters, whose expression during the infection process is tightly regulated. Deleting CclA, a chromatin regulator involved in the repression of some biosynthetic gene clusters through H3K4 trimethylation, allowed overproduction of three families of terpenoids and isolation of 12 different molecules. These natural products were tested in combination with methyl jasmonate, an elicitor of jasmonate responses, for their capacity to alter defence gene induction in Arabidopsis. Higginsianin B inhibited methyl jasmonate-triggered expression of the defence reporter VSP1p:GUS, suggesting it may block bioactive jasmonoyl isoleucine (JA-Ile) synthesis or signalling in planta. Using the JA-Ile sensor Jas9-VENUS, we found that higginsianin B, but not three other structurally related molecules, suppressed JA-Ile signalling by preventing the degradation of JAZ proteins, the repressors of jasmonate responses. Higginsianin B likely blocks the 26S proteasome-dependent degradation of JAZ proteins because it inhibited chymotrypsin- and caspase-like protease activities. The inhibition of target degradation by higginsianin B also extended to auxin signalling, as higginsianin B treatment reduced auxin-dependent expression of DR5p:GUS. Overall, our data indicate that specific fungal secondary metabolites can act similarly to protein effectors to subvert plant immune and developmental responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Félix Dallery
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marlene Zimmer
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Vivek Halder
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Current address: Rijk Zwaan, De Lier, 2678 ZG, Netherlands
| | - Mohamed Suliman
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Current address: Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sandrine Pigné
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Géraldine Le Goff
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Despoina D Gianniou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Jamal Ouazzani
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Debora Gasperini
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Correspondence: or
| | - Richard J O’Connell
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- Correspondence: or
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50
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Jung HW, Panigrahi GK, Jung GY, Lee YJ, Shin KH, Sahoo A, Choi ES, Lee E, Man Kim K, Yang SH, Jeon JS, Lee SC, Kim SH. Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern-Triggered Immunity Involves Proteolytic Degradation of Core Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Factors During the Early Defense Response. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1081-1101. [PMID: 32086363 PMCID: PMC7145493 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), an mRNA quality control process, is thought to function in plant immunity. A subset of fully spliced (FS) transcripts of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resistance (R) genes are upregulated during bacterial infection. Here, we report that 81.2% and 65.1% of FS natural TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL) and CC-NBS-LRR transcripts, respectively, retain characteristics of NMD regulation, as their transcript levels could be controlled posttranscriptionally. Both bacterial infection and the perception of bacteria by pattern recognition receptors initiated the destruction of core NMD factors UP-FRAMESHIFT1 (UPF1), UPF2, and UPF3 in Arabidopsis within 30 min of inoculation via the independent ubiquitination of UPF1 and UPF3 and their degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway. The induction of UPF1 and UPF3 ubiquitination was delayed in mitogen-activated protein kinase3 (mpk3) and mpk6, but not in salicylic acid-signaling mutants, during the early immune response. Finally, previously uncharacterized TNL-type R transcripts accumulated in upf mutants and conferred disease resistance to infection with a virulent Pseudomonas strain in plants. Our findings demonstrate that NMD is one of the main regulatory processes through which PRRs fine-tune R transcript levels to reduce fitness costs and achieve effective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Won Jung
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Gagan Kumar Panigrahi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea
- RNA Genomics Center, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea
- School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Ga Young Jung
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Ki Hun Shin
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea
- RNA Genomics Center, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea
| | - Annapurna Sahoo
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea
- RNA Genomics Center, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea
| | - Eun Su Choi
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Kyung Man Kim
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea
- RNA Genomics Center, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Sang Hyon Kim
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea
- RNA Genomics Center, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea
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