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Dou B, Li Y, Wang F, Chen L, Zhang W. Chassis engineering for high light tolerance in microalgae and cyanobacteria. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38987975 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2357368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis in microalgae and cyanobacteria is considered an important chassis to accelerate energy transition and mitigate global warming. Currently, cultivation systems for photosynthetic microbes for large-scale applications encountered excessive light exposure stress. High light stress can: affect photosynthetic efficiency, reduce productivity, limit cell growth, and even cause cell death. Deciphering photoprotection mechanisms and constructing high-light tolerant chassis have been recent research focuses. In this review, we first briefly introduce the self-protection mechanisms of common microalgae and cyanobacteria in response to high light stress. These mechanisms mainly include: avoiding excess light absorption, dissipating excess excitation energy, quenching excessive high-energy electrons, ROS detoxification, and PSII repair. We focus on the species-specific differences in these mechanisms as well as recent advancements. Then, we review engineering strategies for creating high-light tolerant chassis, such as: reducing the size of the light-harvesting antenna, optimizing non-photochemical quenching, optimizing photosynthetic electron transport, and enhancing PSII repair. Finally, we propose a comprehensive exploration of mechanisms: underlying identified high light tolerant chassis, identification of new genes pertinent to high light tolerance using innovative methodologies, harnessing CRISPR systems and artificial intelligence for chassis engineering modification, and introducing plant photoprotection mechanisms as future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Dou
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhong Wang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
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2
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Torrado A, Connabeer HM, Röttig A, Pratt N, Baylay AJ, Terry MJ, Moore CM, Bibby TS. Directing cyanobacterial photosynthesis in a cytochrome c oxidase mutant using a heterologous electron sink. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:2554-2566. [PMID: 35522034 PMCID: PMC9342982 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis holds the promise of sustainable generation of useful products using light energy. Key to realizing this potential is the ability to rationally design photosynthesis to redirect energy and reductant derived from photons to desired products. Cytochrome P450s (P450s), which catalyze a broad array of reactions, have been engineered into a variety of photosynthetic organisms, where their activity has been shown to be photosynthesis-dependent, thus acting as heterologous sinks of electrons derived from photosynthesis. Furthermore, the addition of P450s can increase the photosynthetic capacity of the host organism. In this study, we developed this technology further using a P450 (CYP1A1) expressed in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. We show that rationally engineering photosynthesis by the removal of a competing electron sink, the respiratory terminal oxidase cytochrome c oxidase, increased the activity of CYP1A1. We provide evidence that this enhanced CYP1A1 activity was facilitated via an increase in the flux of electrons through Photosystem I. We also conducted a transcriptomic analysis on the designed strains to gain a more holistic understanding of how the cell responds to rational engineering. We describe a complex response including changes in expression of genes involved in photosynthesis and electron transfer linked to respiration. Specifically, the expression of CYP1A1 resulted in the reduction in expression of other natural electron dissipation pathways. This study emphasizes the potential for engineering photosynthetic organisms in biotechnology but also highlights the need to consider the broader impacts on cellular metabolism of any rationally induced changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annika Röttig
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Nicola Pratt
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Alison J Baylay
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Matthew J Terry
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - C Mark Moore
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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3
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Walter J, Kromdijk J. Here comes the sun: How optimization of photosynthetic light reactions can boost crop yields. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:564-591. [PMID: 34962073 PMCID: PMC9302994 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis started to evolve some 3.5 billion years ago CO2 is the substrate for photosynthesis and in the past 200-250 years, atmospheric levels have approximately doubled due to human industrial activities. However, this time span is not sufficient for adaptation mechanisms of photosynthesis to be evolutionarily manifested. Steep increases in human population, shortage of arable land and food, and climate change call for actions, now. Thanks to substantial research efforts and advances in the last century, basic knowledge of photosynthetic and primary metabolic processes can now be translated into strategies to optimize photosynthesis to its full potential in order to improve crop yields and food supply for the future. Many different approaches have been proposed in recent years, some of which have already proven successful in different crop species. Here, we summarize recent advances on modifications of the complex network of photosynthetic light reactions. These are the starting point of all biomass production and supply the energy equivalents necessary for downstream processes as well as the oxygen we breathe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Walter
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Johannes Kromdijk
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinois61801USA
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4
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Chiu Y, Fu H, Skotnicová P, Lin K, Komenda J, Chu H. Tandem gene amplification restores photosystem II accumulation in cytochrome b 559 mutants of cyanobacteria. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:766-780. [PMID: 34625967 PMCID: PMC9297868 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome (Cyt) b559 is a key component of the photosystem II complex (PSII) that is essential for its proper functioning and assembly. Site-directed mutants of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 with mutated heme axial ligands of Cyt b559 have little PSII and are therefore unable to grow photoautotrophically. Here we describe two types of Synechocystis autotrophic transformants that retained the same mutations in Cyt b559 but are able to accumulate PSII and grow photoautotrophically. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that all of these autotrophic transformants carried a variable number of tandem repeats (from 5 to 15) of chromosomal segments containing the psbEFLJ operon. RNA-seq analysis showed greatly increased transcript levels of the psbEFLJ operon in these autotrophic transformants. Multiple copies of the psbEFLJ operon in these transformants were only maintained during autotrophic growth, while its copy numbers gradually decreased under photoheterotrophic conditions. Two-dimensional PAGE analysis of membrane proteins revealed a strong deficiency in PSII complexes in the Cyt b559 mutants that was reversed in the autotrophic transformants. These results illustrate how tandem gene amplification restores PSII accumulation and photoautotrophic growth in Cyt b559 mutants of cyanobacteria, and may serve as an important adaptive mechanism for cyanobacterial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Fang Chiu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Han‐Yi Fu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Petra Skotnicová
- Laboratory of PhotosynthesisCentre AlgatechInstitute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of SciencesTřeboň379 01Czech Republic
| | - Keng‐Min Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Josef Komenda
- Laboratory of PhotosynthesisCentre AlgatechInstitute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of SciencesTřeboň379 01Czech Republic
| | - Hsiu‐An Chu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
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5
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Chen W, Zheng L, Dong J, Ge H, Huang X, Wang G, Huang C, Wang Y, Lu D, Xu W, Wang Y. A Systematic Survey of the Light/Dark-dependent Protein Degradation Events in a Model Cyanobacterium. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100162. [PMID: 34655801 PMCID: PMC8603205 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is essential for photosynthetic organisms and is involved in the regulation of protein synthesis and degradation. The significance of light-regulated protein degradation is exemplified by the well-established light-induced degradation and repair of the photosystem II reaction center D1 protein in higher plants and cyanobacteria. However, systematic studies of light-regulated protein degradation events in photosynthetic organisms are lacking. Thus, we conducted a large-scale survey of protein degradation under light or dark conditions in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (hereafter referred to as Synechocystis) using the isobaric labeling-based quantitative proteomics technique. The results revealed that 79 proteins showed light-regulated degradation, including proteins involved in photosystem II structure or function, quinone binding, and NADH dehydrogenase. Among these, 25 proteins were strongly dependent on light for degradation. Moreover, the light-dependent degradation of several proteins was sensitive to photosynthetic electron transport inhibitors (DCMU and DBMIB), suggesting that they are influenced by the redox state of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool. Together, our study comprehensively cataloged light-regulated protein degradation events, and the results serve as an important resource for future studies aimed at understanding light-regulated processes and protein quality control mechanisms in cyanobacteria. Light-/dark-regulated protein degradation events in a model Cyanobacterium were identified. Seventy-nine proteins displayed light-regulated degradation. Thirty-one proteins displayed dark-regulated degradation. Multiple light-regulated protein degradation events were regulated by the redox state of the plastoquinone pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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6
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Lodeyro AF, Krapp AR, Carrillo N. Photosynthesis and chloroplast redox signaling in the age of global warming: stress tolerance, acclimation, and developmental plasticity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5919-5937. [PMID: 34111246 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary climate change is characterized by the increased intensity and frequency of environmental stress events such as floods, droughts, and heatwaves, which have a debilitating impact on photosynthesis and growth, compromising the production of food, feed, and biofuels for an expanding population. The need to increase crop productivity in the context of global warming has fueled attempts to improve several key plant features such as photosynthetic performance, assimilate partitioning, and tolerance to environmental stresses. Chloroplast redox metabolism, including photosynthetic electron transport and CO2 reductive assimilation, are primary targets of most stress conditions, leading to excessive excitation pressure, photodamage, and propagation of reactive oxygen species. Alterations in chloroplast redox poise, in turn, provide signals that exit the plastid and modulate plant responses to the environmental conditions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes could provide novel tools to increase crop yield in suboptimal environments. We describe herein various interventions into chloroplast redox networks that resulted in increased tolerance to multiple sources of environmental stress. They included manipulation of endogenous components and introduction of electron carriers from other organisms, which affected not only stress endurance but also leaf size and longevity. The resulting scenario indicates that chloroplast redox pathways have an important impact on plant growth, development, and defense that goes beyond their roles in primary metabolism. Manipulation of these processes provides additional strategies for the design of crops with improved performance under destabilized climate conditions as foreseen for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabella F Lodeyro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Adriana R Krapp
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
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7
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Bashir F, Rehman AU, Szabó M, Vass I. Singlet oxygen damages the function of Photosystem II in isolated thylakoids and in the green alga Chlorella sorokiniana. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 149:93-105. [PMID: 34009505 PMCID: PMC8382655 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is an important damaging agent, which is produced during illumination by the interaction of the triplet excited state pigment molecules with molecular oxygen. In cells of photosynthetic organisms 1O2 is formed primarily in chlorophyll containing complexes, and damages pigments, lipids, proteins and other cellular constituents in their environment. A useful approach to study the physiological role of 1O2 is the utilization of external photosensitizers. In the present study, we employed a multiwell plate-based screening method in combination with chlorophyll fluorescence imaging to characterize the effect of externally produced 1O2 on the photosynthetic activity of isolated thylakoid membranes and intact Chlorella sorokiniana cells. The results show that the external 1O2 produced by the photosensitization reactions of Rose Bengal damages Photosystem II both in isolated thylakoid membranes and in intact cells in a concentration dependent manner indicating that 1O2 plays a significant role in photodamage of Photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Bashir
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ateeq Ur Rehman
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Milán Szabó
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Imre Vass
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary.
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8
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Spät P, Barske T, Maček B, Hagemann M. Alterations in the CO 2 availability induce alterations in the phosphoproteome of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1123-1137. [PMID: 34058021 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are the only prokaryotes that perform plant-like oxygenic photosynthesis. They evolved an inorganic carbon-concentrating mechanism to adapt to low CO2 conditions. Quantitative phosphoproteomics was applied to analyze regulatory features during the acclimation to low CO2 conditions in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Overall, more than 2500 proteins were quantified, equivalent to c. 70% of the Synechocystis theoretical proteome. Proteins with changing abundances correlated largely with mRNA expression levels. Functional annotation of the noncorrelating proteins revealed an enrichment of key metabolic processes fundamental for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Furthermore, 105 phosphoproteins harboring over 200 site-specific phosphorylation events were identified. Subunits of the bicarbonate transporter BCT1 and the redox switch protein CP12 were among phosphoproteins with reduced phosphorylation levels at lower CO2 , whereas the serine/threonine protein kinase SpkC revealed increased phosphorylation levels. The corresponding ΔspkC mutant was characterized and showed decreased ability to acclimate to low CO2 conditions. Possible phosphorylation targets of SpkC including a BCT1 subunit were identified by phosphoproteomics. Collectively, our study highlights the importance of posttranscriptional regulation of protein abundances as well as posttranslational regulation by protein phosphorylation for the successful acclimation towards low CO2 conditions in Synechocystis and possibly among cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Spät
- Department of Organismic Interactions, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
- Department of Quantitative Proteomics, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
| | - Thomas Barske
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, D-18059, Germany
| | - Boris Maček
- Department of Quantitative Proteomics, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, D-18059, Germany
- Department Life, Light and Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, D-18059, Germany
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9
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Engineering Climate-Change-Resilient Crops: New Tools and Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157877. [PMID: 34360645 PMCID: PMC8346029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental adversities, particularly drought and nutrient limitation, are among the major causes of crop losses worldwide. Due to the rapid increase of the world's population, there is an urgent need to combine knowledge of plant science with innovative applications in agriculture to protect plant growth and thus enhance crop yield. In recent decades, engineering strategies have been successfully developed with the aim to improve growth and stress tolerance in plants. Most strategies applied so far have relied on transgenic approaches and/or chemical treatments. However, to cope with rapid climate change and the need to secure sustainable agriculture and biomass production, innovative approaches need to be developed to effectively meet these challenges and demands. In this review, we summarize recent and advanced strategies that involve the use of plant-related cyanobacterial proteins, macro- and micronutrient management, nutrient-coated nanoparticles, and phytopathogenic organisms, all of which offer promise as protective resources to shield plants from climate challenges and to boost stress tolerance in crops.
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10
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Genetic, Genomics, and Responses to Stresses in Cyanobacteria: Biotechnological Implications. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040500. [PMID: 33805386 PMCID: PMC8066212 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are widely-diverse, environmentally crucial photosynthetic prokaryotes of great interests for basic and applied science. Work to date has focused mostly on the three non-nitrogen fixing unicellular species Synechocystis PCC 6803, Synechococcus PCC 7942, and Synechococcus PCC 7002, which have been selected for their genetic and physiological interests summarized in this review. Extensive "omics" data sets have been generated, and genome-scale models (GSM) have been developed for the rational engineering of these cyanobacteria for biotechnological purposes. We presently discuss what should be done to improve our understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationships of these models and generate robust and predictive models of their metabolism. Furthermore, we also emphasize that because Synechocystis PCC 6803, Synechococcus PCC 7942, and Synechococcus PCC 7002 represent only a limited part of the wide biodiversity of cyanobacteria, other species distantly related to these three models, should be studied. Finally, we highlight the need to strengthen the communication between academic researchers, who know well cyanobacteria and can engineer them for biotechnological purposes, but have a limited access to large photobioreactors, and industrial partners who attempt to use natural or engineered cyanobacteria to produce interesting chemicals at reasonable costs, but may lack knowledge on cyanobacterial physiology and metabolism.
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11
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Xie Y, Chen L, Sun T, Zhang W. Deciphering and engineering high-light tolerant cyanobacteria for efficient photosynthetic cell factories. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Vicino P, Carrillo J, Gómez R, Shahinnia F, Tula S, Melzer M, Rutten T, Carrillo N, Hajirezaei MR, Lodeyro AF. Expression of Flavodiiron Proteins Flv2-Flv4 in Chloroplasts of Arabidopsis and Tobacco Plants Provides Multiple Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1178. [PMID: 33503994 PMCID: PMC7865949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the notable exception of angiosperms, all phototrophs contain different sets of flavodiiron proteins that help to relieve the excess of excitation energy on the photosynthetic electron transport chain during adverse environmental conditions, presumably by reducing oxygen directly to water. Among them, the Flv2-Flv4 dimer is only found in β-cyanobacteria and induced by high light, supporting a role in stress protection. The possibility of a similar protective function in plants was assayed by expressing Synechocystis Flv2-Flv4 in chloroplasts of tobacco and Arabidopsis. Flv-expressing plants exhibited increased tolerance toward high irradiation, salinity, oxidants, and drought. Stress tolerance was reflected by better growth, preservation of photosynthetic activity, and membrane integrity. Metabolic profiling under drought showed enhanced accumulation of soluble sugars and amino acids in transgenic Arabidopsis and a remarkable shift of sucrose into starch, in line with metabolic responses of drought-tolerant genotypes. Our results indicate that the Flv2-Flv4 complex retains its stress protection activities when expressed in chloroplasts of angiosperm species by acting as an additional electron sink. The flv2-flv4 genes constitute a novel biotechnological tool to generate plants with increased tolerance to agronomically relevant stress conditions that represent a significant productivity constraint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Vicino
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario 2000, Argentina; (P.V.); (J.C.); (R.G.); (N.C.)
| | - Julieta Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario 2000, Argentina; (P.V.); (J.C.); (R.G.); (N.C.)
| | - Rodrigo Gómez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario 2000, Argentina; (P.V.); (J.C.); (R.G.); (N.C.)
| | - Fahimeh Shahinnia
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany; (F.S.); (S.T.); (M.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Suresh Tula
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany; (F.S.); (S.T.); (M.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Michael Melzer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany; (F.S.); (S.T.); (M.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany; (F.S.); (S.T.); (M.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario 2000, Argentina; (P.V.); (J.C.); (R.G.); (N.C.)
| | - Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany; (F.S.); (S.T.); (M.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Anabella F. Lodeyro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario 2000, Argentina; (P.V.); (J.C.); (R.G.); (N.C.)
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Rapid Transcriptional Reprogramming Triggered by Alteration of the Carbon/Nitrogen Balance Has an Impact on Energy Metabolism in Nostoc sp. PCC 7120. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110297. [PMID: 33233741 PMCID: PMC7699953 DOI: 10.3390/life10110297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nostoc (Anabaena) sp. PCC 7120 is a filamentous cyanobacterial species that fixes N2 to nitrogenous compounds using specialised heterocyst cells. Changes in the intracellular ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N balance) is known to trigger major transcriptional reprogramming of the cell, including initiating the differentiation of vegetative cells to heterocysts. Substantial transcriptional analysis has been performed on Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 during N stepdown (low to high C/N), but not during C stepdown (high to low C/N). In the current study, we shifted the metabolic balance of Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 cultures grown at 3% CO2 by introducing them to atmospheric conditions containing 0.04% CO2 for 1 h, after which the changes in gene expression were measured using RNAseq transcriptomics. This analysis revealed strong upregulation of carbon uptake, while nitrogen uptake and metabolism and early stages of heterocyst development were downregulated in response to the shift to low CO2. Furthermore, gene expression changes revealed a decrease in photosynthetic electron transport and increased photoprotection and reactive oxygen metabolism, as well a decrease in iron uptake and metabolism. Differential gene expression was largely attributed to change in the abundances of the metabolites 2-phosphoglycolate and 2-oxoglutarate, which signal a rapid shift from fluent photoassimilation to glycolytic metabolism of carbon after transition to low CO2. This work shows that the C/N balance in Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 rapidly adjusts the metabolic strategy through transcriptional reprogramming, enabling survival in the fluctuating environment.
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14
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Sandrini G, Piel T, Xu T, White E, Qin H, Slot PC, Huisman J, Visser PM. Sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide of the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis PCC 7806 depends on nutrient availability. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 99:101916. [PMID: 33218441 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Application of low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a relatively new and promising method to selectively suppress harmful cyanobacterial blooms, while minimizing effects on eukaryotic organisms. However, it is still unknown how nutrient limitation affects the sensitivity of cyanobacteria to H2O2. In this study, we compare effects of H2O2 on the microcystin-producing cyanobacterium Microcystis PCC 7806 under light-limited but nutrient-replete conditions, nitrogen (N) limitation and phosphorus (P) limitation. Microcystis was first grown in chemostats to acclimate to these different experimental conditions, and subsequently transferred to batch cultures where they were treated with a range of H2O2 concentrations (0-10 mg L-1) while exposed to high light (100 µmol photons m-2 s-1) or low light (15 µmol photons m-2 s-1). Our results show that, at low light, N- and P-limited Microcystis were less sensitive to H2O2 than light-limited but nutrient-replete Microcystis. A significantly higher expression of the genes encoding for anti-oxidative stress enzymes (2-cys-peroxiredoxin, thioredoxin A and type II peroxiredoxin) was observed prior to and after the H2O2 treatment for both N- and P-limited Microcystis, which may explain their increased resistance against H2O2. At high light, Microcystis was more sensitive to H2O2 than at low light, and differences in the decline of the photosynthetic yield between nutrient-replete and nutrient-limited Microcystis exposed to H2O2 were less pronounced. Leakage of microcystin was stronger and faster from nutrient-replete than from N- and P-limited Microcystis. Overall, this study provides insight in the sensitivity of harmful cyanobacteria to H2O2 under various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sandrini
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Piel
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tianshuo Xu
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emily White
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hongjie Qin
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Pieter C Slot
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jef Huisman
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Petra M Visser
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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15
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Storti M, Puggioni MP, Segalla A, Morosinotto T, Alboresi A. The chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like complex influences the photosynthetic activity of the moss Physcomitrella patens. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5538-5548. [PMID: 32497206 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alternative electron pathways contribute to regulation of photosynthetic light reactions to adjust to metabolic demands in dynamic environments. The chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex mediates the cyclic electron transport pathway around PSI in different cyanobacteria, algae, and plant species, but it is not fully conserved in all photosynthetic organisms. In order to assess how the physiological role of this complex changed during plant evolution, we isolated Physcomitrella patens lines knocked out for the NDHM gene that encodes a subunit fundamental for the activity of the complex. ndhm knockout mosses indicated high PSI acceptor side limitation upon abrupt changes in illumination. In P. patens, pseudo-cyclic electron transport mediated by flavodiiron proteins (FLVs) was also shown to prevent PSI over-reduction in plants exposed to light fluctuations. flva ndhm double knockout mosses had altered photosynthetic performance and growth defects under fluctuating light compared with the wild type and single knockout mutants. The results showed that while the contribution of NDH to electron transport is minor compared with FLV, NDH still participates in modulating photosynthetic activity, and it is critical to avoid PSI photoinhibition, especially when FLVs are inactive. The functional overlap between NDH- and FLV-dependent electron transport supports PSI activity and prevents its photoinhibition under light variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Storti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Anna Segalla
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tomas Morosinotto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
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16
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Kodru S, Ur Rehman A, Vass I. Chloramphenicol enhances Photosystem II photodamage in intact cells of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 145:227-235. [PMID: 32979144 PMCID: PMC7541379 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of chloramphenicol, an often used protein synthesis inhibitor, in photosynthetic systems was studied on the rate of Photosystem II (PSII) photodamage in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. Light-induced loss of PSII activity was compared in the presence of chloramphenicol and another protein synthesis inhibitor, lincomycin, by measuring the rate of oxygen evolution in Synechocystis 6803 cells. Our data show that the rate of PSII photodamage was significantly enhanced by chloramphenicol, at the usually applied 200 μg mL-1 concentration, relative to that obtained in the presence of lincomycin. Chloramphenicol-induced enhancement of photodamage has been observed earlier in isolated PSII membrane particles, and has been assigned to the damaging effect of chloramphenicol-mediated superoxide production (Rehman et al. 2016, Front Plant Sci 7:479). This effect points to the involvement of superoxide as damaging agent in the presence of chloramphenicol also in Synechocystis cells. The chloramphenicol-induced enhancement of photodamage was observed not only in wild-type Synechocystis 6803, which contains both Photosystem I (PSI) and PSII, but also in a PSI-less mutant which contains only PSII. Importantly, the rate of PSII photodamage was also enhanced by the absence of PSI when compared to that in the wild-type strain under all conditions studied here, i.e., without addition and in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors. We conclude that chloramphenicol enhances photodamage mostly by its interaction with PSII, leading probably to superoxide production. The presence of PSI is also an important regulatory factor of PSII photodamage most likely via decreasing excitation pressure on PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeesha Kodru
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Temesvari krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ateeq Ur Rehman
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Temesvari krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Imre Vass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Temesvari krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
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17
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Molecular Mechanism of Oxidation of P700 and Suppression of ROS Production in Photosystem I in Response to Electron-Sink Limitations in C3 Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030230. [PMID: 32168828 PMCID: PMC7139980 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis fixes CO2 and converts it to sugar, using chemical-energy compounds of both NADPH and ATP, which are produced in the photosynthetic electron transport system. The photosynthetic electron transport system absorbs photon energy to drive electron flow from Photosystem II (PSII) to Photosystem I (PSI). That is, both PSII and PSI are full of electrons. O2 is easily reduced to a superoxide radical (O2-) at the reducing side, i.e., the acceptor side, of PSI, which is the main production site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in photosynthetic organisms. ROS-dependent inactivation of PSI in vivo has been reported, where the electrons are accumulated at the acceptor side of PSI by artificial treatments: exposure to low temperature and repetitive short-pulse (rSP) illumination treatment, and the accumulated electrons flow to O2, producing ROS. Recently, my group found that the redox state of the reaction center of chlorophyll P700 in PSI regulates the production of ROS: P700 oxidation suppresses the production of O2- and prevents PSI inactivation. This is why P700 in PSI is oxidized upon the exposure of photosynthesis organisms to higher light intensity and/or low CO2 conditions, where photosynthesis efficiency decreases. In this study, I introduce a new molecular mechanism for the oxidation of P700 in PSI and suppression of ROS production from the robust relationship between the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis. The accumulated protons in the lumenal space of the thylakoid membrane and the accumulated electrons in the plastoquinone (PQ) pool drive the rate-determining step of the P700 photo-oxidation reduction cycle in PSI from the photo-excited P700 oxidation to the reduction of the oxidized P700, thereby enhancing P700 oxidation.
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18
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Kłodawska K, Kovács L, Vladkova R, Rzaska A, Gombos Z, Laczkó-Dobos H, Malec P. Trimeric organization of photosystem I is required to maintain the balanced photosynthetic electron flow in cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 143:251-262. [PMID: 31848802 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and some other cyanobacteria photosystem I reaction centres exist predominantly as trimers, with minor contribution of monomeric form, when cultivated at standard optimized conditions. In contrast, in plant chloroplasts photosystem I complex is exclusively monomeric. The functional significance of trimeric organization of cyanobacterial photosystem I remains not fully understood. In this study, we compared the photosynthetic characteristics of PSI in wild type and psaL knockout mutant. The results show that relative to photosystem I trimer in wild-type cells, photosystem I monomer in psaL- mutant has a smaller P700+ pool size under low and moderate light, slower P700 oxidation upon dark-to-light transition, and slower P700+ reduction upon light-to-dark transition. The mutant also shows strongly diminished photosystem I donor side limitations [quantum yield Y(ND)] at low, moderate and high light, but enhanced photosystem I acceptor side limitations [quantum yield Y(NA)], especially at low light (22 µmol photons m-2 s-1). In line with these functional characteristics are the determined differences in the relative expression genes encoding of selected electron transporters. The psaL- mutant showed significant (ca fivefold) upregulation of the photosystem I donor cytochrome c6, and downregulation of photosystem I acceptors (ferredoxin, flavodoxin) and proteins of alternative electron flows originating in photosystem I acceptor side. Taken together, our results suggest that photosystem I trimerization in wild-type Synechocystis cells plays a role in the protection of photosystem I from photoinhibition via maintaining enhanced donor side electron transport limitations and minimal acceptor side electron transport limitations at various light intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Kłodawska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - László Kovács
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Radka Vladkova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Agnieszka Rzaska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zoltán Gombos
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | | | - Przemysław Malec
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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19
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Raven JA, Beardall J, Quigg A. Light-Driven Oxygen Consumption in the Water-Water Cycles and Photorespiration, and Light Stimulated Mitochondrial Respiration. PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN ALGAE: BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33397-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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20
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Cortés Téllez AA, Sánchez-Fortún Rodríguez S, D'ors de Blas A, García LC, Garnica-Romo MG, Bartolomé Camacho MC. Evolution in the photosynthetic oxygen rate of a Cd-resistant strain of Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides by changes in light intensity and temperature. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124672. [PMID: 31494319 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors such as temperature and light are the most determinants in the photosynthetic productivity in microalgae. However, under extreme of these conditions, certain resistant microalgae strains possess additional abilities such as growth in the presence of high concentrations of metals and some can improve in combinations of more than one abiotic stress. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency in photosynthetic production through the oxygen balance to variations in photon intensity, and under temperature changes in a Cd-resistant strain (DcRCd100) compared to the wild-type strain (Dc1Mwt) of Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides. The results showed that the DcRCd100 strain has the maximum efficiency at 200 μmol m-2 s-1 on photosynthesis net (Pn) (96.32 ± 3.63% nmol O2 ml-1 min-1) as the threshold light saturation, and an adaptation to maintain this maximum photosynthetic gross (Pg) rate at 30 °C (94.99 ± 10.03% nmol O2 ml-1 min-1) due to possible modifications in the photosynthetic apparatus that is reflected in the net evolution rate of O2 to deal with such evaluated conditions. While, Dc1Mwt strain its maximum photosynthetic efficiency was at 300 μmol m-2 s-1 and 21 °C (97.72 ± 2.99 and 99.85 ± 0.30%nmol O2 ml-1 min-1, respectively) and in optimal response to the oxygen balance that is normally achieved by this mesophilic genus. These results provide a new prediction of mechanisms in the oxygen evolution in photosynthesis that rules the correlation between resistance and adaptation to extreme abiotic conditions in metal resistant strains of eukaryotic microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alondra A Cortés Téllez
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry-Pharmacobiology, Benemérita y Centenaria Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 403 Santiago Tapia St., 58000, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Sebastián Sánchez-Fortún Rodríguez
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana D'ors de Blas
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Chacón García
- Molecular Design Laboratory, Chemical-Biological Sciences Institute, Benemérita y Centenaria Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 403 Santiago Tapia St., 58000, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Ma Guadalupe Garnica-Romo
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Benemérita y Centenaria Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 403 Santiago Tapia St., 58000, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - M Carmen Bartolomé Camacho
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry-Pharmacobiology, Benemérita y Centenaria Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 403 Santiago Tapia St., 58000, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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21
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Andersson B, Shen C, Cantrell M, Dandy DS, Peers G. The Fluctuating Cell-Specific Light Environment and Its Effects on Cyanobacterial Physiology. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:547-564. [PMID: 31391208 PMCID: PMC6776867 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Individual cells of cyanobacteria or algae are supplied with light in a highly irregular fashion when grown in industrial-scale photobioreactors (PBRs). These conditions coincide with significant reductions in growth rate compared to the static light environments commonly used in laboratory experiments. We grew a dense culture of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under a sinusoidal light regime in a bench-top PBR (the Phenometrics environmental PBR [ePBR]). We developed a computational fluid dynamics model of the ePBR, which predicted that individual cells experienced rapid fluctuations (∼6 s) between 2,000 and <1 µmol photons m-2 s-1, caused by vertical mixing and self-shading. The daily average light exposure of a single cell was 180 µmol photons m-2 s-1 Physiological measurements across the day showed no in situ occurrence of nonphotochemical quenching, and there was no significant photoinhibition. An ex situ experiment showed that up to 50% of electrons derived from PSII were diverted to alternative electron transport in a rapidly changing light environment modeled after the ePBR. Collectively, our results suggest that modification of nonphotochemical quenching may not increase cyanobacterial productivity in PBRs with rapidly changing light. Instead, tuning the rate of alternative electron transport and increasing the processing rates of electrons downstream of PSI are potential avenues to enhance productivity. The approach presented here could be used as a template to investigate the photophysiology of any aquatic photoautotroph in a natural or industrially relevant mixing regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Andersson
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Michael Cantrell
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - David S Dandy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Graham Peers
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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22
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Role and regulation of class-C flavodiiron proteins in photosynthetic organisms. Biochem J 2019; 476:2487-2498. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The regulation of photosynthesis is crucial to efficiently support the assimilation of carbon dioxide and to prevent photodamage. One key regulatory mechanism is the pseudo-cyclic electron flow (PCEF) mediated by class-C flavodiiron proteins (FLVs). These enzymes use electrons coming from Photosystem I (PSI) to reduce oxygen to water, preventing over-reduction in the acceptor side of PSI. FLVs are widely distributed among organisms performing oxygenic photosynthesis and they have been shown to be fundamental in many different conditions such as fluctuating light, sulfur deprivation and plant submersion. Moreover, since FLVs reduce oxygen they can help controlling the redox status of the cell and maintaining the microoxic environment essential for processes such as nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria. Despite these important roles identified in various species, the genes encoding for FLV proteins have been lost in angiosperms where their activity could have been at least partially compensated by a more efficient cyclic electron flow (CEF). The present work reviews the information emerged on FLV function, analyzing recent structural data that suggest FLV could be regulated through a conformational change.
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23
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Martins MC, Romão CV, Folgosa F, Borges PT, Frazão C, Teixeira M. How superoxide reductases and flavodiiron proteins combat oxidative stress in anaerobes. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 140:36-60. [PMID: 30735841 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microbial anaerobes are exposed in the natural environment and in their hosts, even if transiently, to fluctuating concentrations of oxygen and its derived reactive species, which pose a considerable threat to their anoxygenic lifestyle. To counteract these stressful conditions, they contain a multifaceted array of detoxifying systems that, in conjugation with cellular repairing mechanisms and in close crosstalk with metal homeostasis, allow them to survive in the presence of O2 and reactive oxygen species. Some of these systems are shared with aerobes, but two families of enzymes emerged more recently that, although not restricted to anaerobes, are predominant in anaerobic microbes. These are the iron-containing superoxide reductases, and the flavodiiron proteins, endowed with O2 and/or NO reductase activities, which are the subject of this Review. A detailed account of their physicochemical, physiological and molecular mechanisms will be presented, highlighting their unique properties in allowing survival of anaerobes in oxidative stress conditions, and comparing their properties with the most well-known detoxifying systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Célia V Romão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Filipe Folgosa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Patrícia T Borges
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carlos Frazão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Miguel Teixeira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
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24
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Santana-Sanchez A, Solymosi D, Mustila H, Bersanini L, Aro EM, Allahverdiyeva Y. Flavodiiron proteins 1-to-4 function in versatile combinations in O 2 photoreduction in cyanobacteria. eLife 2019; 8:e45766. [PMID: 31294693 PMCID: PMC6658166 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavodiiron proteins (FDPs) constitute a group of modular enzymes widespread in Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya. Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has four FDPs (Flv1-4), which are essential for the photoprotection of photosynthesis. A direct comparison of light-induced O2 reduction (Mehler-like reaction) under high (3% CO2, HC) and low (air level CO2, LC) inorganic carbon conditions demonstrated that the Flv1/Flv3 heterodimer is solely responsible for an efficient steady-state O2 photoreduction under HC, with flv2 and flv4 expression strongly down-regulated. Conversely, under LC conditions, Flv1/Flv3 acts only as a transient electron sink, due to the competing withdrawal of electrons by the highly induced NDH-1 complex. Further, in vivo evidence is provided indicating that Flv2/Flv4 contributes to the Mehler-like reaction when naturally expressed under LC conditions, or, when artificially overexpressed under HC. The O2 photoreduction driven by Flv2/Flv4 occurs down-stream of PSI in a coordinated manner with Flv1/Flv3 and supports slow and steady-state O2 photoreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Solymosi
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of BiochemistryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Henna Mustila
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of BiochemistryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Luca Bersanini
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of BiochemistryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of BiochemistryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of BiochemistryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
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Huokko T, Muth-Pawlak D, Aro EM. Thylakoid Localized Type 2 NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase NdbA Optimizes Light-Activated Heterotrophic Growth of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1386-1399. [PMID: 30847494 PMCID: PMC6553663 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
NdbA, one of the three type 2 NAD(P)H dehydrogenases (NDH-2) in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (hereafter Synechocystis) was here localized to the thylakoid membrane (TM), unique for the three NDH-2s, and investigated with respect to photosynthetic and cellular redox metabolism. For this purpose, a deletion mutant (ΔndbA) and a complementation strain overexpressing NdbA (ΔndbA::ndbA) were constructed. It is demonstrated that NdbA is expressed at very low level in the wild-type (WT) Synechocystis under photoautotrophic (PA) growth whilst substantially higher expression occurs under light-activated heterotrophic growth (LAHG). The absence of NdbA resulted in non-optimal growth of Synechocystis under LAHG and concomitantly enhanced the expression of photoprotection-related flavodiiron proteins and carbon acquisition-related proteins as well as various transporters, but downregulated a few iron homeostasis-related proteins. NdbA overexpression, on the other hand, promoted photosynthetic pigmentation and functionality of photosystem I under LAHG conditions while distinct photoprotective and carbon concentrating proteins were downregulated. NdbA overexpression also exerted an effect on the expression of many signaling and gene regulation proteins. It is concluded that the amount and function of NdbA in the TM has a capacity to modulate the redox signaling of gene expression, but apparently has a major physiological role in maintaining iron homeostasis under LAHG conditions. LC-MS/MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD011671.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Huokko
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Tykist�katu 6 A, Turku FI, Finland
| | - Dorota Muth-Pawlak
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Tykist�katu 6 A, Turku FI, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Tykist�katu 6 A, Turku FI, Finland
- Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax, +358 (0)29 450 5040
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Pernil R, Schleiff E. Metalloproteins in the Biology of Heterocysts. Life (Basel) 2019; 9:E32. [PMID: 30987221 PMCID: PMC6616624 DOI: 10.3390/life9020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophic microorganisms present in almost all ecologically niches on Earth. They exist as single-cell or filamentous forms and the latter often contain specialized cells for N₂ fixation known as heterocysts. Heterocysts arise from photosynthetic active vegetative cells by multiple morphological and physiological rearrangements including the absence of O₂ evolution and CO₂ fixation. The key function of this cell type is carried out by the metalloprotein complex known as nitrogenase. Additionally, many other important processes in heterocysts also depend on metalloproteins. This leads to a high metal demand exceeding the one of other bacteria in content and concentration during heterocyst development and in mature heterocysts. This review provides an overview on the current knowledge of the transition metals and metalloproteins required by heterocysts in heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria. It discusses the molecular, physiological, and physicochemical properties of metalloproteins involved in N₂ fixation, H₂ metabolism, electron transport chains, oxidative stress management, storage, energy metabolism, and metabolic networks in the diazotrophic filament. This provides a detailed and comprehensive picture on the heterocyst demands for Fe, Cu, Mo, Ni, Mn, V, and Zn as cofactors for metalloproteins and highlights the importance of such metalloproteins for the biology of cyanobacterial heterocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pernil
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straβe 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straβe 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straβe 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Angeleri M, Muth-Pawlak D, Wilde A, Aro EM, Battchikova N. Global proteome response ofSynechocystis6803 to extreme copper environments applied to control the activity of the induciblepetJpromoter. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:826-841. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Angeleri
- Molecular Plant Biology; Department of Biochemistry; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - D. Muth-Pawlak
- Molecular Plant Biology; Department of Biochemistry; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - A. Wilde
- Molecular Genetics of Prokaryotes; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - E.-M. Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology; Department of Biochemistry; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - N. Battchikova
- Molecular Plant Biology; Department of Biochemistry; University of Turku; Turku Finland
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28
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Borges PT, Romão CV, Saraiva LM, Gonçalves VL, Carrondo MA, Teixeira M, Frazão C. Analysis of a new flavodiiron core structural arrangement in Flv1-ΔFlR protein from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. J Struct Biol 2019; 205:91-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Grund M, Jakob T, Wilhelm C, Bühler B, Schmid A. Electron balancing under different sink conditions reveals positive effects on photon efficiency and metabolic activity of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:43. [PMID: 30858880 PMCID: PMC6391784 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyanobacteria are ideal model organisms to exploit photosynthetically derived electrons or fixed carbon for the biotechnological synthesis of high value compounds and energy carriers. Much effort is spent on the rational design of heterologous pathways to produce value-added chemicals. Much less focus is drawn on the basic physiological responses and potentials of phototrophs to deal with natural or artificial electron and carbon sinks. However, an understanding of how electron sinks influence or regulate cellular physiology is essential for the efficient application of phototrophic organisms in an industrial setting, i.e., to achieve high productivities and product yields. RESULTS The physiological responses of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to electron sink variation were investigated in a systematic and quantitative manner. A variation in electron demand was achieved by providing two N sources with different degrees of reduction. By additionally varying light and CO2 availabilities, steady state conditions with strongly differing source-sink ratios were established. Balancing absorbed photons and electrons used for different metabolic processes revealed physiological responses to sink/source ratio variation. Surprisingly, an additional electron sink under light and thus energy limitation was found not to hamper growth, but was compensated by improved photosynthetic efficiency and activity. In the absence of carbon and light limitation, an increase in electron demand even stimulated carbon assimilation and growth. CONCLUSION The metabolism of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is highly flexible regarding the compensation of additional electron demands. Under light limitation, photosynthesis obviously does not necessarily run at its maximal capacity, possibly for the sake of robustness. Increased electron demands can even boost photosynthetic activity and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Grund
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research GmbH–UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Jakob
- Plant Physiology Group, Institute for Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Wilhelm
- Plant Physiology Group, Institute for Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruno Bühler
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research GmbH–UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research GmbH–UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Schuurmans JM, Brinkmann BW, Makower AK, Dittmann E, Huisman J, Matthijs HCP. Microcystin interferes with defense against high oxidative stress in harmful cyanobacteria. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 78:47-55. [PMID: 30196924 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacteria producing toxic microcystins are a major concern in water quality management. In recent years, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been successfully applied to suppress cyanobacterial blooms in lakes. Physiological studies, however, indicate that microcystin protects cyanobacteria against oxidative stress, suggesting that H2O2 addition might provide a selective advantage for microcystin-producing (toxic) strains. This study compares the response of a toxic Microcystis strain, its non-toxic mutant, and a naturally non-toxic Microcystis strain to H2O2 addition representative of lake treatments. All three strains initially ceased growth upon H2O2 addition. Contrary to expectation, the non-toxic strain and non-toxic mutant rapidly degraded the added H2O2 and subsequently recovered, whereas the toxic strain did not degrade H2O2 and did not recover. Experimental catalase addition enabled recovery of the toxic strain, demonstrating that rapid H2O2 degradation is indeed essential for cyanobacterial survival. Interestingly, prior to H2O2 addition, gene expression of a thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin was much lower in the toxic strain than in its non-toxic mutant. Thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin are both involved in H2O2 degradation, and microcystin may potentially suppress their activity. These results show that microcystin-producing strains are less prepared for high levels of oxidative stress, and are therefore hit harder by H2O2 addition than non-toxic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Merijn Schuurmans
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, The Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 6, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bregje W Brinkmann
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - A Katharina Makower
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Elke Dittmann
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jef Huisman
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans C P Matthijs
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, The Netherlands
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31
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Acuña AM, van Alphen P, Branco Dos Santos F, van Grondelle R, Hellingwerf KJ, van Stokkum IHM. Spectrally decomposed dark-to-light transitions in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:307-320. [PMID: 29600442 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic activity and respiration share the thylakoid membrane in cyanobacteria. We present a series of spectrally resolved fluorescence experiments where whole cells of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and mutants thereof underwent a dark-to-light transition after different dark-adaptation (DA) periods. Two mutants were used: (i) a PSI-lacking mutant (ΔPSI) and (ii) M55, a mutant without NAD(P)H dehydrogenase type-1 (NDH-1). For comparison, measurements of the wild-type were also carried out. We recorded spectrally resolved fluorescence traces over several minutes with 100 ms time resolution. The excitation light was at 590 nm so as to specifically excite the phycobilisomes. In ΔPSI, DA time has no influence, and in dichlorophenyl-dimethylurea (DCMU)-treated samples we identify three main fluorescent components: PB-PSII complexes with closed (saturated) RCs, a quenched or open PB-PSII complex, and a PB-PSII 'not fully closed.' For the PSI-containing organisms without DCMU, we conclude that mainly three species contribute to the signal: a PB-PSII-PSI megacomplex with closed PSII RCs and (i) slow PB → PSI energy transfer, or (ii) fast PB → PSI energy transfer and (iii) complexes with open (photochemically quenched) PSII RCs. Furthermore, their time profiles reveal an adaptive response that we identify as a state transition. Our results suggest that deceleration of the PB → PSI energy transfer rate is the molecular mechanism underlying a state 2 to state 1 transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso M Acuña
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal van Alphen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Filipe Branco Dos Santos
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas J Hellingwerf
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo H M van Stokkum
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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32
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Jokel M, Johnson X, Peltier G, Aro EM, Allahverdiyeva Y. Hunting the main player enabling Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth under fluctuating light. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:822-835. [PMID: 29575329 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms have evolved numerous photoprotective mechanisms and alternative electron sinks/pathways to fine-tune the photosynthetic apparatus under dynamic environmental conditions, such as varying carbon supply or fluctuations in light intensity. In cyanobacteria flavodiiron proteins (FDPs) protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photodamage under fluctuating light (FL). In Arabidopsis thaliana, which does not possess FDPs, the PGR5-related pathway enables FL photoprotection. The direct comparison of the pgr5, pgrl1 and flv knockout mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii grown under ambient air demonstrates that all three proteins contribute to the survival of cells under FL, but to varying extents. The FDPs are crucial in providing a rapid electron sink, with flv mutant lines unable to survive even mild FL conditions. In contrast, the PGRL1 and PGR5-related pathways operate over relatively slower and longer time-scales. Whilst deletion of PGR5 inhibits growth under mild FL, the pgrl1 mutant line is only impacted under severe FL conditions. This suggests distinct roles, yet a close relationship, between the function of PGR5, PGRL1 and FDP proteins in photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Jokel
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Xenie Johnson
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
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Bernát G, Steinbach G, Kaňa R, Misra AN, Prašil O. On the origin of the slow M-T chlorophyll a fluorescence decline in cyanobacteria: interplay of short-term light-responses. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 136:183-198. [PMID: 29090427 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The slow kinetic phases of the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient (induction) are valuable tools in studying dynamic regulation of light harvesting, light energy distribution between photosystems, and heat dissipation in photosynthetic organisms. However, the origin of these phases are not yet fully understood. This is especially true in the case of prokaryotic oxygenic photoautotrophs, the cyanobacteria. To understand the origin of the slowest (tens of minutes) kinetic phase, the M-T fluorescence decline, in the context of light acclimation of these globally important microorganisms, we have compared spectrally resolved fluorescence induction data from the wild type Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells, using orange (λ = 593 nm) actinic light, with those of mutants, ΔapcD and ΔOCP, that are unable to perform either state transition or fluorescence quenching by orange carotenoid protein (OCP), respectively. Our results suggest a multiple origin of the M-T decline and reveal a complex interplay of various known regulatory processes in maintaining the redox homeostasis of a cyanobacterial cell. In addition, they lead us to suggest that a new type of regulatory process, operating on the timescale of minutes to hours, is involved in dissipating excess light energy in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Bernát
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Opatovicky mlyn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
| | - Gábor Steinbach
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Opatovicky mlyn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Opatovicky mlyn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Amarendra N Misra
- Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkand, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkand, India
- Khallikote Cluster University, Berhampur, 76001, Odisha, India
| | - Ondřej Prašil
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Opatovicky mlyn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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Feilke K, Ajlani G, Krieger-Liszkay A. Overexpression of plastid terminal oxidase in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 alters cellular redox state. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0379. [PMID: 28808098 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are the most ancient organisms performing oxygenic photosynthesis, and they are the ancestors of plant plastids. All plastids contain the plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX), while only certain cyanobacteria contain PTOX. Many putative functions have been discussed for PTOX in higher plants including a photoprotective role during abiotic stresses like high light, salinity and extreme temperatures. Since PTOX oxidizes PQH2 and reduces oxygen to water, it is thought to protect against photo-oxidative damage by removing excess electrons from the plastoquinone (PQ) pool. To investigate the role of PTOX we overexpressed rice PTOX fused to the maltose-binding protein (MBP-OsPTOX) in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a model cyanobacterium that does not encode PTOX. The fusion was highly expressed and OsPTOX was active, as shown by chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 absorption measurements. The presence of PTOX led to a highly oxidized state of the NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ pool, as detected by NAD(P)H fluorescence. Moreover, in the PTOX overexpressor the electron transport capacity of PSI relative to PSII was higher, indicating an alteration of the photosystem I (PSI) to photosystem II (PSII) stoichiometry. We suggest that PTOX controls the expression of responsive genes of the photosynthetic apparatus in a different way from the PQ/PQH2 ratio.This article is part of the themed issue 'Enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants: targets for improvement'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Feilke
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Ghada Ajlani
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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35
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Wada S, Yamamoto H, Suzuki Y, Yamori W, Shikanai T, Makino A. Flavodiiron Protein Substitutes for Cyclic Electron Flow without Competing CO 2 Assimilation in Rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1509-1518. [PMID: 29242378 PMCID: PMC5813585 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavodiiron protein (FLV) mediates photoreduction of O2 to H2O. It is conserved from cyanobacteria to gymnosperms but not in angiosperms. The introduction of a moss (Physcomitrella patens) FLV (PpFLV) gene into Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) made photosystem I (PSI) resistant to fluctuating light. Here, we used the same strategy with three rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes. PpFLV in the wild-type rice background functioned as an efficient PSI electron sink and increased resistance to PSI photodamage under fluctuating light. The introduction of PpFLV into the PGR5-RNAi mutant [defective in PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5)-dependent cyclic electron transport around PSI, CET-PSI], the crr6 mutant [defective in chloroplast NAD(P)H-dehydrogenase-like complex (NDH)-dependent CET-PSI], and the PGR5-RNAi crr6 double mutant (double defective in CET-PSI activity) alleviated PSI photodamage under fluctuating light. Furthermore, PpFLV substituted for the function of PGR5- and NDH-dependent CET-PSI without competing for CO2 assimilation under constant light, as there was no difference in CO2 assimilation per Rubisco content and biomass production was recovered to the wild-type level. Thus, the exogenous FLV system could act not only as a safety valve under fluctuating light, but also generate a proton motive force for balancing the ATP/NADPH production ratio during steady-state photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Wada
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-0076, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- CREST JST, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Shikanai
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-0076, Japan
- CREST JST, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
- CREST JST, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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Chaux F, Burlacot A, Mekhalfi M, Auroy P, Blangy S, Richaud P, Peltier G. Flavodiiron Proteins Promote Fast and Transient O 2 Photoreduction in Chlamydomonas. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:1825-1836. [PMID: 28487478 PMCID: PMC5490913 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During oxygenic photosynthesis, the reducing power generated by light energy conversion is mainly used to reduce carbon dioxide. In bacteria and archae, flavodiiron (Flv) proteins catalyze O2 or NO reduction, thus protecting cells against oxidative or nitrosative stress. These proteins are found in cyanobacteria, mosses, and microalgae, but have been lost in angiosperms. Here, we used chlorophyll fluorescence and oxygen exchange measurement using [18O]-labeled O2 and a membrane inlet mass spectrometer to characterize Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flvB insertion mutants devoid of both FlvB and FlvA proteins. We show that Flv proteins are involved in a photo-dependent electron flow to oxygen, which drives most of the photosynthetic electron flow during the induction of photosynthesis. As a consequence, the chlorophyll fluorescence patterns are strongly affected in flvB mutants during a light transient, showing a lower PSII operating yield and a slower nonphotochemical quenching induction. Photoautotrophic growth of flvB mutants was indistinguishable from the wild type under constant light, but severely impaired under fluctuating light due to PSI photo damage. Remarkably, net photosynthesis of flv mutants was higher than in the wild type during the initial hour of a fluctuating light regime, but this advantage vanished under long-term exposure, and turned into PSI photo damage, thus explaining the marked growth retardation observed in these conditions. We conclude that the C. reinhardtii Flv participates in a Mehler-like reduction of O2, which drives a large part of the photosynthetic electron flow during a light transient and is thus critical for growth under fluctuating light regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Chaux
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108 France
| | - Adrien Burlacot
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108 France
| | - Malika Mekhalfi
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108 France
| | - Pascaline Auroy
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108 France
| | - Stéphanie Blangy
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108 France
| | - Pierre Richaud
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108 France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108 France
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Kurkela J, Hakkila K, Antal T, Tyystjärvi T. Acclimation to High CO 2 Requires the ω Subunit of the RNA Polymerase in Synechocystis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:172-184. [PMID: 28351910 PMCID: PMC5411146 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Inactivation of the nonessential ω-subunit of the RNA polymerase core in the ΔrpoZ strain of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 leads to a unique high-CO2-sensitive phenotype. Supplementing air in the growth chamber with 30 mL L-1 (3%) CO2 accelerated the growth rate of the control strain (CS) 4-fold, whereas ΔrpoZ did not grow faster than under ambient air. The slow growth of ΔrpoZ during the first days in high CO2 was due to the inability of the mutant cells to adjust photosynthesis to high CO2 The light-saturated photosynthetic activity of ΔrpoZ in high CO2 was only half of that measured in CS, Rubisco content was one-third lower, and cells of ΔrpoZ were not able to increase light-harvesting phycobilisome antenna like CS upon high-CO2 treatment. In addition, altered structural and functional organization of photosystem I and photosystem II were detected in the ΔrpoZ strain compared with CS when cells were grown in high CO2 but not in ambient air. Moreover, respiration of ΔrpoZ did not acclimate to high CO2 Unlike the photosynthetic complexes, the RNA polymerase complex and ribosomes were produced in high CO2 similarly as in CS Our results indicate that the deletion of the ω-subunit specifically affects photosynthesis and respiration, but transcription and translation remain active. Thus, the specific effect of the ω-subunit on photosynthesis but not on all household processes suggests that the ω-subunit might have a regulatory function in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Kurkela
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland (J.K., K.H., T.T.); and
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Vorobyevi Gory 119992, Moscow, Russia (T.A.)
| | - Kaisa Hakkila
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland (J.K., K.H., T.T.); and
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Vorobyevi Gory 119992, Moscow, Russia (T.A.)
| | - Taras Antal
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland (J.K., K.H., T.T.); and
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Vorobyevi Gory 119992, Moscow, Russia (T.A.)
| | - Taina Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland (J.K., K.H., T.T.); and
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Vorobyevi Gory 119992, Moscow, Russia (T.A.)
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Biphasic ROS accumulation and programmed cell death in a cyanobacterium exposed to salinity (NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 ). ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bersanini L, Allahverdiyeva Y, Battchikova N, Heinz S, Lespinasse M, Ruohisto E, Mustila H, Nickelsen J, Vass I, Aro EM. Dissecting the Photoprotective Mechanism Encoded by the flv4-2 Operon: a Distinct Contribution of Sll0218 in Photosystem II Stabilization. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:378-389. [PMID: 27928824 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, the flv4-2 operon encodes the flavodiiron proteins Flv2 and Flv4 together with a small protein, Sll0218, providing photoprotection for Photosystem II (PSII). Here, the distinct roles of Flv2/Flv4 and Sll0218 were addressed, using a number of flv4-2 operon mutants. In the ∆sll0218 mutant, the presence of Flv2/Flv4 rescued PSII functionality as compared with ∆sll0218-flv2, where neither Sll0218 nor the Flv2/Flv4 heterodimer are expressed. Nevertheless, both the ∆sll0218 and ∆sll0218-flv2 mutants demonstrated deficiency in accumulation of PSII proteins suggesting a role for Sll0218 in PSII stabilization, which was further supported by photoinhibition experiments. Moreover, the accumulation of PSII assembly intermediates occurred in Sll0218-lacking mutants. The YFP-tagged Sll0218 protein localized in a few spots per cell at the external side of the thylakoid membrane, and biochemical membrane fractionation revealed clear enrichment of Sll0218 in the PratA-defined membranes, where the early biogenesis steps of PSII occur. Further, the characteristic antenna uncoupling feature of the ∆flv4-2 operon mutants is shown to be related to PSII destabilization in the absence of Sll0218. It is concluded that the Flv2/Flv4 heterodimer supports PSII functionality, while the Sll0218 protein assists PSII assembly and stabilization, including optimization of light harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bersanini
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Natalia Battchikova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Steffen Heinz
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität München, Biozentrum, Grosshaderner Straße 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maija Lespinasse
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Essi Ruohisto
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Henna Mustila
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Jörg Nickelsen
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität München, Biozentrum, Grosshaderner Straße 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Imre Vass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
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Murphy CD, Roodvoets MS, Austen EJ, Dolan A, Barnett A, Campbell DA. Photoinactivation of Photosystem II in Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168991. [PMID: 28129341 PMCID: PMC5271679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine picocyanobacteria Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus numerically dominate open ocean phytoplankton. Although evolutionarily related they are ecologically distinct, with different strategies to harvest, manage and exploit light. We grew representative strains of Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus and tracked their susceptibility to photoinactivation of Photosystem II under a range of light levels. As expected blue light provoked more rapid photoinactivation than did an equivalent level of red light. The previous growth light level altered the susceptibility of Synechococcus, but not Prochlorococcus, to this photoinactivation. We resolved a simple linear pattern when we expressed the yield of photoinactivation on the basis of photons delivered to Photosystem II photochemistry, plotted versus excitation pressure upon Photosystem II, the balance between excitation and downstream metabolism. A high excitation pressure increases the generation of reactive oxygen species, and thus increases the yield of photoinactivation of Photosystem II. Blue photons, however, retained a higher baseline photoinactivation across a wide range of excitation pressures. Our experiments thus uncovered the relative influences of the direct photoinactivation of Photosystem II by blue photons which dominates under low to moderate blue light, and photoinactivation as a side effect of reactive oxygen species which dominates under higher excitation pressure. Synechococcus enjoyed a positive metabolic return upon the repair or the synthesis of a Photosystem II, across the range of light levels we tested. In contrast Prochlorococcus only enjoyed a positive return upon synthesis of a Photosystem II up to 400 μmol photons m-2 s-1. These differential cost-benefits probably underlie the distinct photoacclimation strategies of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole D. Murphy
- Biochemistry and Chemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Mitchell S. Roodvoets
- Biochemistry and Chemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Emily J. Austen
- Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Allison Dolan
- Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Audrey Barnett
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, United States of America
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Holland SC, Artier J, Miller NT, Cano M, Yu J, Ghirardi ML, Burnap RL. Impacts of genetically engineered alterations in carbon sink pathways on photosynthetic performance. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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42
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Vajravel S, Kovács L, Kis M, Rehman AU, Vass I, Gombos Z, Toth TN. β-Carotene influences the phycobilisome antenna of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 130:403-415. [PMID: 27165097 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relation between the carotenoid composition and the structure of phycobilisome (PBS) antenna of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PBS is a large soluble protein complex enhances the light harvesting efficiency of the cells. It is composed of a central allophycocyanin core and radial phycocyanin rods, but it does not contain carotenoids. However, the absence or low level of carotenoids were previously shown to lead the co-existence of unconnected rod units and assembled PBS with shorter peripheral rods. Here we show that the lack of β-carotene, but not of xanthophylls or the distortion of photosystem structure, evoked unconnected rods. Thus, these essential β-carotene molecules are not bound by Photosystem I or Photosystem II. Our results do not show correlation between the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and PBS distortion despite the higher singlet oxygen producing capacity and light sensitivity of the mutant cells. Reduced cellular level of those linker proteins attaching the rod units together was also observed, but the direct damage of the linkers by ROS are not supported by our data. Enzymatic PBS proteolysis induced by nitrogen starvation in carotenoid mutant cells revealed a retarded degradation of the unconnected rod units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhujaa Vajravel
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary
| | - László Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary
| | - Mihály Kis
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary
| | - Ateeq Ur Rehman
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary
| | - Imre Vass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Gombos
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary
| | - Tunde N Toth
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, Szeged, 6701, Hungary.
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Shimakawa G, Shaku K, Miyake C. Oxidation of P700 in Photosystem I Is Essential for the Growth of Cyanobacteria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:1443-1450. [PMID: 27613853 PMCID: PMC5100761 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The photoinhibition of photosystem I (PSI) is lethal to oxygenic phototrophs. Nevertheless, it is unclear how photodamage occurs or how oxygenic phototrophs prevent it. Here, we provide evidence that keeping P700 (the reaction center chlorophyll in PSI) oxidized protects PSI. Previous studies have suggested that PSI photoinhibition does not occur in the two model cyanobacteria, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, when photosynthetic CO2 fixation was suppressed under low CO2 partial pressure even in mutants deficient in flavodiiron protein (FLV), which mediates alternative electron flow. The lack of FLV in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 (S. 7002), however, is linked directly to reduced growth and PSI photodamage under CO2-limiting conditions. Unlike Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and S. elongatus PCC 7942, S. 7002 reduced P700 during CO2-limited illumination in the absence of FLV, resulting in decreases in both PSI and photosynthetic activities. Even at normal air CO2 concentration, the growth of S. 7002 mutant was retarded relative to that of the wild type. Therefore, P700 oxidation is essential for protecting PSI against photoinhibition. Here, we present various strategies to alleviate PSI photoinhibition in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginga Shimakawa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (G.S., K.S., C.M.); and
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan (C.M.)
| | - Keiichiro Shaku
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (G.S., K.S., C.M.); and
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan (C.M.)
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (G.S., K.S., C.M.); and
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan (C.M.)
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Flavodiiron proteins act as safety valve for electrons in Physcomitrella patens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:12322-12327. [PMID: 27791022 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606685113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms support cell metabolism by harvesting sunlight to fuel the photosynthetic electron transport. The flow of excitation energy and electrons in the photosynthetic apparatus needs to be continuously modulated to respond to dynamics of environmental conditions, and Flavodiiron (FLV) proteins are seminal components of this regulatory machinery in cyanobacteria. FLVs were lost during evolution by flowering plants, but are still present in nonvascular plants such as Physcomitrella patens We generated P. patens mutants depleted in FLV proteins, showing their function as an electron sink downstream of photosystem I for the first seconds after a change in light intensity. flv knock-out plants showed impaired growth and photosystem I photoinhibition when exposed to fluctuating light, demonstrating FLV's biological role as a safety valve from excess electrons on illumination changes. The lack of FLVs was partially compensated for by an increased cyclic electron transport, suggesting that in flowering plants, the FLV's role was taken by other alternative electron routes.
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45
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Rehman AU, Szabó M, Deák Z, Sass L, Larkum A, Ralph P, Vass I. Symbiodinium sp. cells produce light-induced intra- and extracellular singlet oxygen, which mediates photodamage of the photosynthetic apparatus and has the potential to interact with the animal host in coral symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:472-484. [PMID: 27321415 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Coral bleaching is an important environmental phenomenon, whose mechanism has not yet been clarified. The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated, but direct evidence of what species are involved, their location and their mechanisms of production remains unknown. Histidine-mediated chemical trapping and singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG) were used to detect intra- and extracellular singlet oxygen ((1) O2 ) in Symbiodinium cultures. Inhibition of the Calvin-Benson cycle by thermal stress or high light promotes intracellular (1) O2 formation. Histidine addition, which decreases the amount of intracellular (1) O2 , provides partial protection against photosystem II photoinactivation and chlorophyll (Chl) bleaching. (1) O2 production also occurs in cell-free medium of Symbiodinium cultures, an effect that is enhanced under heat and light stress and can be attributed to the excretion of (1) O2 -sensitizing metabolites from the cells. Confocal microscopy imaging using SOSG showed most extracellular (1) O2 around the cell surface, but it is also produced across the medium distant from the cells. We demonstrate, for the first time, both intra- and extracellular (1) O2 production in Symbiodinium cultures. Intracellular (1) O2 is associated with photosystem II photodamage and pigment bleaching, whereas extracellular (1) O2 has the potential to mediate the breakdown of symbiotic interaction between zooxanthellae and their animal host during coral bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateeq Ur Rehman
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 521, H-6701, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Milán Szabó
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Zsuzsanna Deák
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 521, H-6701, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Sass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 521, H-6701, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anthony Larkum
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Peter Ralph
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Imre Vass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 521, H-6701, Szeged, Hungary.
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46
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Crawford TS, Hanning KR, Chua JPS, Eaton-Rye JJ, Summerfield TC. Comparison of D1´- and D1-containing PS II reaction centre complexes under different environmental conditions in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:1715-26. [PMID: 26991994 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In oxygenic photosynthesis, the D1 protein of Photosystem II is the primary target of photodamage and environmental stress can accelerate this process. The cyanobacterial response to stress includes transcriptional regulation of genes encoding D1, including low-oxygen-induction of psbA1 encoding the D1´ protein in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The psbA1 gene is also transiently up-regulated in high light, and its deletion has been reported to increase ammonium-induced photoinhibition. Therefore we investigated the role of D1´-containing PS II centres under different environmental conditions. A strain containing only D1´-PS II centres under aerobic conditions exhibited increased sensitivity to ammonium chloride and high light compared to a D1-containing strain. Additionally a D1´-PS II strain was outperformed by a D1-PS II strain under normal conditions; however, a strain containing low-oxygen-induced D1´-PS II centres was more resilient under high light than an equivalent D1 strain. These D1´-containing centres had chlorophyll a fluorescence characteristics indicative of altered forward electron transport and back charge recombination with the donor side of PS II. Our results indicate D1´-PS II centres are important in the reconfiguration of thylakoid electron transport in response to high light and low oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim S Crawford
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Kyrin R Hanning
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jocelyn P S Chua
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Julian J Eaton-Rye
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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Mustila H, Paananen P, Battchikova N, Santana-Sánchez A, Muth-Pawlak D, Hagemann M, Aro EM, Allahverdiyeva Y. The Flavodiiron Protein Flv3 Functions as a Homo-Oligomer During Stress Acclimation and is Distinct from the Flv1/Flv3 Hetero-Oligomer Specific to the O2 Photoreduction Pathway. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1468-1483. [PMID: 26936793 PMCID: PMC4937785 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The flavodiiron proteins (FDPs) Flv1 and Flv3 in cyanobacteria function in photoreduction of O2 to H2O, without concomitant formation of reactive oxygen species, known as the Mehler-like reaction. Both Flv1 and Flv3 are essential for growth under fluctuating light (FL) intensities, providing protection for PSI. Here we compared the global transcript profiles of the wild type (WT), Δflv1 and Δflv1/Δflv3 grown under constant light (GL) and FL. In the WT, FL induced the largest down-regulation in transcripts involved in carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), while those of the nitrogen assimilation pathways increased as compared with GL. Already under GL the Δflv1/Δflv3 double mutant demonstrated a partial down-regulation of transcripts for CCM and nitrogen metabolism, while in FL conditions the transcripts for nitrogen assimilation were strongly down-regulated. Many alterations were specific only for Δflv1/Δflv3, and not detected in Δflv1, suggesting that certain transcripts are affected primarily because of the lack of flv3 By constructing the strains overproducing solely either Flv1 or Flv3, we demonstrate that the homo-oligomers of these proteins also function in acclimation of cells to FL, by catalyzing reactions with as yet unidentified components, while the presence of both Flv1 and Flv3 is a prerequisite for the Mehler-like reaction and thus the electron transfer to O2 Considering the low expression of flv1, it is unlikely that the Flv1 homo-oligomer is present in the WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Mustila
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Pasi Paananen
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Natalia Battchikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Anita Santana-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Dorota Muth-Pawlak
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Institut Biowissenschaften, Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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48
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Shaku K, Shimakawa G, Hashiguchi M, Miyake C. Reduction-Induced Suppression of Electron Flow (RISE) in the Photosynthetic Electron Transport System of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1443-1453. [PMID: 26707729 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of electrons under conditions of environmental stress produces a reduced state in the photosynthetic electron transport (PET) system and causes the reduction of O2 by PSI in the thylakoid membranes to produce the reactive oxygen species superoxide radical, which irreversibly inactivates PSI. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism for the oxidation of reaction center Chl of PSI, P700, after saturated pulse (SP) light illumination of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 under steady-state photosynthetic conditions. Both P700 and NADPH were transiently oxidized after SP light illumination under CO2-depleted photosynthesis conditions. In contrast, the Chl fluorescence intensity transiently increased. Compared with the wild type, the increase in Chl fluorescence and the oxidations of P700 and NADPH were greatly enhanced in a mutant (Δflv1/3) deficient in the genes encoding FLAVODIIRON 1 (FLV1) and FLV3 proteins even under high photosynthetic conditions. Furthermore, oxidation of Cyt f was also observed in the mutant. After SP light illumination, a transient suppression of O2 evolution was also observed in Δflv1/3. From these observations, we propose that the reduction in the plastquinone (PQ) pool suppresses linear electron flow at the Cyt b6/f complex, which we call the reduction-induced suppression of electron flow (RISE) in the PET system. The accumulation of the reduced form of PQ probably suppresses turnover of the Q cycle in the Cyt b6/f complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Shaku
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Ginga Shimakawa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Masaki Hashiguchi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076 Japan
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49
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Sandrini G, Tann RP, Schuurmans JM, van Beusekom SAM, Matthijs HCP, Huisman J. Diel Variation in Gene Expression of the CO2-Concentrating Mechanism during a Harmful Cyanobacterial Bloom. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:551. [PMID: 27148233 PMCID: PMC4840274 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dense phytoplankton blooms in eutrophic waters often experience large daily fluctuations in environmental conditions. We investigated how this diel variation affects in situ gene expression of the CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) and other selected genes of the harmful cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Photosynthetic activity of the cyanobacterial bloom depleted the dissolved CO2 concentration, raised pH to 10, and caused large diel fluctuations in the bicarbonate and O2 concentration. The Microcystis population consisted of three Ci uptake genotypes that differed in the presence of the low-affinity and high-affinity bicarbonate uptake genes bicA and sbtA. Expression of the bicarbonate uptake genes bicA, sbtA, and cmpA (encoding a subunit of the high-affinity bicarbonate uptake system BCT1), the CCM transcriptional regulator gene ccmR and the photoprotection gene flv4 increased at first daylight and was negatively correlated with the bicarbonate concentration. In contrast, genes of the two CO2 uptake systems were constitutively expressed, whereas expression of the RuBisCO chaperone gene rbcX, the carboxysome gene ccmM, and the photoprotection gene isiA was highest at night and down-regulated during daytime. In total, our results show that the harmful cyanobacterium Microcystis is very responsive to the large diel variations in carbon and light availability often encountered in dense cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sandrini
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert P. Tann
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. Merijn Schuurmans
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan A. M. van Beusekom
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans C. P. Matthijs
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jef Huisman
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
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González A, Sevilla E, Bes MT, Peleato ML, Fillat MF. Pivotal Role of Iron in the Regulation of Cyanobacterial Electron Transport. Adv Microb Physiol 2016; 68:169-217. [PMID: 27134024 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Iron-containing metalloproteins are the main cornerstones for efficient electron transport in biological systems. The abundance and diversity of iron-dependent proteins in cyanobacteria makes those organisms highly dependent of this micronutrient. To cope with iron imbalance, cyanobacteria have developed a survey of adaptation strategies that are strongly related to the regulation of photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and other central electron transfer pathways. Furthermore, either in its ferrous form or as a component of the haem group, iron plays a crucial role as regulatory signalling molecule that directly or indirectly modulates the composition and efficiency of cyanobacterial redox reactions. We present here the major mechanism used by cyanobacteria to couple iron homeostasis to the regulation of electron transport, making special emphasis in processes specific in those organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Sevilla
- University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M T Bes
- University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - M F Fillat
- University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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