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Pinheiro SKDP, Pontes MDS, Miguel TBAR, Grillo R, Souza Filho AGD, Miguel EDC. Nanoparticles and plants: A focus on analytical characterization techniques. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 348:112225. [PMID: 39142607 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has brought about significant progress through the use of goods based on nanomaterials. However, concerns remain about the accumulation of these materials in the environment and their potential toxicity to living organisms. Plants have the ability to take in nanomaterials (NMs), which can cause changes in their physiology and morphology. On the other hand, nanoparticles (NPs) have been used to increase plant development and control pests in agriculture by including them into agrochemicals. The challenges of the interaction, internalization, and accumulation of NMs within plant tissues are enormous, mainly because of the various characteristics of NMs and the absence of reliable analytical tools. As our knowledge of the interactions between NMs and plant cells expands, we are able to create novel NMs that are tailored, targeted, and designed to be safe, thus minimizing the environmental consequences of nanomaterials. This review provides a thorough examination and comparison of the main microscopy techniques, spectroscopic methods, and far-field super-resolution methodologies used to examine nanomaterials within the cell walls of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergimar Kennedy de Paiva Pinheiro
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials and Analytical Center, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Montcharles da Silva Pontes
- Optics and Photonics Group, SISFOTON Lab, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Renato Grillo
- Environmental Nanochemistry Group, Department of Physics and Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Emilio de Castro Miguel
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials and Analytical Center, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Jaillais Y, Bayer E, Bergmann DC, Botella MA, Boutté Y, Bozkurt TO, Caillaud MC, Germain V, Grossmann G, Heilmann I, Hemsley PA, Kirchhelle C, Martinière A, Miao Y, Mongrand S, Müller S, Noack LC, Oda Y, Ott T, Pan X, Pleskot R, Potocky M, Robert S, Rodriguez CS, Simon-Plas F, Russinova E, Van Damme D, Van Norman JM, Weijers D, Yalovsky S, Yang Z, Zelazny E, Gronnier J. Guidelines for naming and studying plasma membrane domains in plants. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:1172-1183. [PMID: 39134664 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Biological membranes play a crucial role in actively hosting, modulating and coordinating a wide range of molecular events essential for cellular function. Membranes are organized into diverse domains giving rise to dynamic molecular patchworks. However, the very definition of membrane domains has been the subject of continuous debate. For example, in the plant field, membrane domains are often referred to as nanodomains, nanoclusters, microdomains, lipid rafts, membrane rafts, signalling platforms, foci or liquid-ordered membranes without any clear rationale. In the context of plant-microbe interactions, microdomains have sometimes been used to refer to the large area at the plant-microbe interface. Some of these terms have partially overlapping meanings at best, but they are often used interchangeably in the literature. This situation generates much confusion and limits conceptual progress. There is thus an urgent need for us as a scientific community to resolve these semantic and conceptual controversies by defining an unambiguous nomenclature of membrane domains. In this Review, experts in the field get together to provide explicit definitions of plasma membrane domains in plant systems and experimental guidelines for their study. We propose that plasma membrane domains should not be considered on the basis of their size alone but rather according to the biological system being considered, such as the local membrane environment or the entire cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Bayer
- Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Dominique C Bergmann
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Miguel A Botella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortifruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora', Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Marie-Cecile Caillaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Guido Grossmann
- Institute of Cell and Interaction Biology, CEPLAS Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Piers A Hemsley
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, UK
| | - Charlotte Kirchhelle
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Martinière
- IPSiM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sabine Müller
- Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lise C Noack
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Yoshihisa Oda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Thomas Ott
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre of Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xue Pan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roman Pleskot
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Potocky
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stéphanie Robert
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clara Sanchez Rodriguez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | | | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jaimie M Van Norman
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Shaul Yalovsky
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Enric Zelazny
- IPSiM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Gronnier
- NanoSignaling Lab, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Yuen ELH, Leary AY, Clavel M, Tumtas Y, Mohseni A, Zhao J, Picchianti L, Jamshidiha M, Pandey P, Duggan C, Cota E, Dagdas Y, Bozkurt TO. A RabGAP negatively regulates plant autophagy and immune trafficking. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2049-2065.e6. [PMID: 38677281 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Plants rely on autophagy and membrane trafficking to tolerate stress, combat infections, and maintain cellular homeostasis. However, the molecular interplay between autophagy and membrane trafficking is poorly understood. Using an AI-assisted approach, we identified Rab3GAP-like (Rab3GAPL) as a key membrane trafficking node that controls plant autophagy negatively. Rab3GAPL suppresses autophagy by binding to ATG8, the core autophagy adaptor, and deactivating Rab8a, a small GTPase essential for autophagosome formation and defense-related secretion. Rab3GAPL reduces autophagic flux in three model plant species, suggesting that its negative regulatory role in autophagy is conserved in land plants. Beyond autophagy regulation, Rab3GAPL modulates focal immunity against the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans by preventing defense-related secretion. Altogether, our results suggest that Rab3GAPL acts as a molecular rheostat to coordinate autophagic flux and defense-related secretion by restraining Rab8a-mediated trafficking. This unprecedented interplay between a RabGAP-Rab pair and ATG8 sheds new light on the intricate membrane transport mechanisms underlying plant autophagy and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Lok Him Yuen
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexandre Y Leary
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marion Clavel
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yasin Tumtas
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Azadeh Mohseni
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jierui Zhao
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenzo Picchianti
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mostafa Jamshidiha
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Pooja Pandey
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Cian Duggan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ernesto Cota
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Tolga O Bozkurt
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Zhao T, Ma S, Kong Z, Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang J, Liu J, Feng W, Liu T, Liu C, Liang S, Lu S, Li X, Zhao H, Lu C, Latif MZ, Yin Z, Li Y, Ding X. Recognition of the inducible, secretory small protein OsSSP1 by the membrane receptor OsSSR1 and the co-receptor OsBAK1 confers rice resistance to the blast fungus. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:807-823. [PMID: 38664971 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The plant apoplast, which serves as the frontline battleground for long-term host-pathogen interactions, harbors a wealth of disease resistance resources. However, the identification of the disease resistance proteins in the apoplast is relatively lacking. In this study, we identified and characterized the rice secretory protein OsSSP1 (Oryza sativa secretory small protein 1). OsSSP1 can be secreted into the plant apoplast, and either in vitro treatment of recombinant OsSSP1 or overexpression of OsSSP1 in rice could trigger plant immune response. The expression of OsSSP1 is suppressed significantly during Magnaporthe oryzae infection in the susceptible rice variety Taibei 309, and OsSSP1-overexpressing lines all show strong resistance to M. oryzae. Combining the knockout and overexpression results, we found that OsSSP1 positively regulates plant immunity in response to fungal infection. Moreover, the recognition and immune response triggered by OsSSP1 depend on an uncharacterized transmembrane OsSSR1 (secretory small protein receptor 1) and the key co-receptor OsBAK1, since most of the induced immune response and resistance are lost in the absence of OsSSR1 or OsBAK1. Intriguingly, the OsSSP1 protein is relatively stable and can still induce plant resistance after 1 week of storage in the open environment, and exogenous OsSSP1 treatment for a 2-week period did not affect rice yield. Collectively, our study reveals that OsSSP1 can be secreted into the apoplast and percepted by OsSSR1 and OsBAK1 during fungal infection, thereby triggering the immune response to enhance plant resistance to M. oryzae. These findings provide novel resources and potential strategies for crop breeding and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shijie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ziying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Haimiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Junzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jiazong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wanzhen Feng
- College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Suochen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shilin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Haipeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chongchong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Muhammad Zunair Latif
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ziyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
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King FJ, Yuen ELH, Bozkurt TO. Border Control: Manipulation of the Host-Pathogen Interface by Perihaustorial Oomycete Effectors. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:220-226. [PMID: 37999635 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-23-0122-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous plant pathogens, including fungi and oomycetes, cause some of the most devastating plant diseases. These organisms serve as ideal models for understanding the intricate molecular interplay between plants and the invading pathogens. Filamentous pathogens secrete effector proteins via haustoria, specialized structures for infection and nutrient uptake, to suppress the plant immune response and to reprogram plant metabolism. Recent advances in cell biology have provided crucial insights into the biogenesis of the extrahaustorial membrane and the redirection of host endomembrane trafficking toward this interface. Functional studies have shown that an increasing number of oomycete effectors accumulate at the perihaustorial interface to subvert plant focal immune responses, with a particular convergence on targets involved in host endomembrane trafficking. In this review, we summarize the diverse mechanisms of perihaustorial effectors from oomycetes and pinpoint pressing questions regarding their role in manipulating host defense and metabolism at the haustorial interface. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddie J King
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | | | - Tolga O Bozkurt
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
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Yang Z, Cheng G, Yu Q, Jiao W, Zeng K, Luo T, Zhang H, Shang H, Huang G, Wang F, Guo Y, Xu J. Identification and characterization of the Remorin gene family in Saccharum and the involvement of ScREM1.5e-1/-2 in SCMV infection on sugarcane. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1365995. [PMID: 38463560 PMCID: PMC10920289 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1365995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Remorins (REMs) are plant-specific membrane-associated proteins that play important roles in plant-pathogen interactions and environmental adaptations. Group I REMs are extensively involved in virus infection. However, little is known about the REM gene family in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hyrid), the most important sugar and energy crop around world. Methods Comparative genomics were employed to analyze the REM gene family in Saccharum spontaneum. Transcriptomics or RT-qPCR were used to analyze their expression files in different development stages or tissues under different treatments. Yeast two hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation assays were applied to investigate the protein interaction. Results In this study, 65 REMs were identified from Saccharum spontaneum genome and classified into six groups based on phylogenetic tree analysis. These REMs contain multiple cis-elements associated with growth, development, hormone and stress response. Expression profiling revealed that among different SsREMs with variable expression levels in different developmental stages or different tissues. A pair of alleles, ScREM1.5e-1/-2, were isolated from the sugarcane cultivar ROC22. ScREM1.5e-1/-2 were highly expressed in leaves, with the former expressed at significantly higher levels than the latter. Their expression was induced by treatment with H2O2, ABA, ethylene, brassinosteroid, SA or MeJA, and varied upon Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) infection. ScREM1.5e-1 was localized to the plasma membrane (PM), while ScREM1.5e-2 was localized to the cytoplasm or nucleus. ScREM1.5e-1/-2 can self-interact and interact with each other, and interact with VPgs from SCMV, Sorghum mosaic virus, or Sugarcane streak mosaic virus. The interactions with VPgs relocated ScREM1.5e-1 from the PM to the cytoplasm. Discussion These results reveal the origin, distribution and evolution of the REM gene family in sugarcane and may shed light on engineering sugarcane resistance against sugarcane mosaic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guangyuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Quanxin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wendi Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tingxu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Heyang Shang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fengji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jingsheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Subha D, AnuKiruthika R, Sreeraj H, Tamilselvi KS. Plant exosomes: nano conveyors of pathogen resistance. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:146. [PMID: 38032422 PMCID: PMC10689327 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The entry of a pathogen into a plant host is a complex process involving multiple steps. Survival techniques from the pathogen and the defense mechanisms of the plant lead to a plethora of molecular interactions during the operation. Plant extracellular vesicles, especially the exosomes in the size range of 50-150 nm play a crucial role in plant defense. They act as signalosomes capable of transporting bioactive lipids, proteins, RNA and metabolites between the host and the pathogen. Recent research works have revealed that anti-microbial compounds, stress response proteins and small RNA are among the contents of these extracellular vesicles. The current review article analyses the cruciality of the cross-talk between the host and the pathogen organized through trafficking of small RNA via exosomes towards RNA induced gene silencing in the pathogenic organisms. Recent studies have shown that extracellular vesicles released by both plants and the pathogens, play a crucial role in cross-kingdom communication, thereby regulating the host response and contributing to plant immunity. An in-depth understanding of the mechanism by which the EVs mediate this inter-species and cross-kingdom regulation is currently needed to develop sustainable plant-protection strategies. The review highlights on the latest advances in understanding the role of EVs in establishing host-pathogen relationship, modulating plant immunity and approaches for how these findings can be developed into innovative strategies for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Subha
- Department of Biotechnology, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, India.
| | - R AnuKiruthika
- Department of Botany, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - Harsha Sreeraj
- Department of Botany, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - K S Tamilselvi
- Department of Botany, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, India.
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Li R, Zhao R, Yang M, Zhang X, Lin J. Membrane microdomains: Structural and signaling platforms for establishing membrane polarity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2260-2277. [PMID: 37549378 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarity results from the asymmetric distribution of cellular structures, molecules, and functions. Polarity is a fundamental cellular trait that can determine the orientation of cell division, the formation of particular cell shapes, and ultimately the development of a multicellular body. To maintain the distinct asymmetric distribution of proteins and lipids in cellular membranes, plant cells have developed complex trafficking and regulatory mechanisms. Major advances have been made in our understanding of how membrane microdomains influence the asymmetric distribution of proteins and lipids. In this review, we first give an overview of cell polarity. Next, we discuss current knowledge concerning membrane microdomains and their roles as structural and signaling platforms to establish and maintain membrane polarity, with a special focus on the asymmetric distribution of proteins and lipids, and advanced microscopy techniques to observe and characterize membrane microdomains. Finally, we review recent advances regarding membrane trafficking in cell polarity establishment and how the balance between exocytosis and endocytosis affects membrane polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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9
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Yang J, Zhang H, Chen H, Sun Z, Ke H, Wang G, Meng C, Wu L, Zhang Y, Wang X, Ma Z. Genome-wide association study reveals novel SNPs and genes in Gossypium hirsutum underlying Aphis gossypii resistance. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:171. [PMID: 37420143 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04415-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
A. gossypii resistance showed great variability in G. hirsutum varieties. One hundred and seventy-six SNPs associated with A. gossypii resistance were identified using GWAS. Four candidate resistance genes were functionally validated. Aphis gossypii is an economically important sap-feeding pest and is widely distributed in the world's cotton-producing regions. Identification of cotton genotypes and developing cultivars with improved A. gossypii resistance (AGR) is essential and desirable for sustainable agriculture. In the present study, A. gossypii was offered no choice but to propagate on 200 Gossypium hirsutum accessions. A relative aphid reproduction index (RARI) was used to evaluate the AGR, which showed large variability in cotton accessions and was classified into 6 grades. A significantly positive correlation was found between AGR and Verticillium wilt resistance. A total of 176 SNPs significantly associated with the RARI were identified using GWAS. Of these, 21 SNPs could be repeatedly detected in three replicates. Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence, a restriction digestion-based genotyping assay, was developed using SNP1 with the highest observed -log10(P-value). Four genes within the 650 kb region of SNP1 were further identified, including GhRem (remorin-like), GhLAF1 (long after far-red light 1), GhCFIm25 (pre-mRNA cleavage factor Im 25 kDa subunit) and GhPMEI (plant invertase/pectin methylesterase inhibitor superfamily protein). The aphid infection could induce their expression and showed a significant difference between resistant and susceptible cotton varieties. Silencing of GhRem, GhLAF1 or GhCFIm25 could significantly increase aphid reproduction on cotton seedlings. Silencing of GhRem significantly reduced callose deposition, which is reasonably believed to be the cause for the higher AGR. Our results provide insights into understanding the genetic regulation of AGR in cotton and suggest candidate germplasms, SNPs and genes for developing cultivars with improved AGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Haonan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Zhengwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Huifeng Ke
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Guoning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Chengsheng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Liqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Xingfen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China.
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10
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Zhang Y, Guo S, Zhang F, Gan P, Li M, Wang C, Li H, Gao G, Wang X, Kang Z, Zhang X. CaREM1.4 interacts with CaRIN4 to regulate Ralstonia solanacearum tolerance by triggering cell death in pepper. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad053. [PMID: 37213684 PMCID: PMC10199716 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Remorins, plant-specific proteins, have a significant role in conferring on plants the ability to adapt to adverse environments. However, the precise function of remorins in resistance to biological stress remains largely unknown. Eighteen CaREM genes were identified in pepper genome sequences based on the C-terminal conserved domain that is specific to remorin proteins in this research. Phylogenetic relations, chromosomal localization, motif, gene structures, and promoter regions of these remorins were analyzed and a remorin gene, CaREM1.4, was cloned for further study. The transcription of CaREM1.4 in pepper was induced by infection with Ralstonia solanacearum. Knocking down CaREM1.4 in pepper using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technologies reduced the resistance of pepper plants to R. solanacearum and downregulated the expression of immunity-associated genes. Conversely, transient overexpression of CaREM1.4 in pepper and Nicotiana benthamiana plants triggered hypersensitive response-mediated cell death and upregulated expression of defense-related genes. In addition, CaRIN4-12, which interacted with CaREM1.4 at the plasma membrane and cell nucleus, was knocked down with VIGS, decreasing the susceptibility of Capsicum annuum to R. solanacearum. Furthermore, CaREM1.4 reduced ROS production by interacting with CaRIN4-12 upon co-injection in pepper. Taken together, our findings suggest that CaREM1.4 may function as a positive regulator of the hypersensitive response, and it interacts with CaRIN4-12, which negatively regulates plant immune responses of pepper to R. solanacearum. Our study provides new evidence for comprehending the molecular regulatory network of plant cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuangyuan Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Gan
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Huankun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
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11
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Zarreen F, Kumar K, Chakraborty S. Phosphoinositides in plant-pathogen interaction: trends and perspectives. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:4. [PMID: 37676371 PMCID: PMC10442044 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are important regulatory membrane lipids, with a role in plant development and cellular function. Emerging evidence indicates that phosphoinositides play crucial roles in plant defence and are also utilized by pathogens for infection. In this review, we highlight the role of phosphoinositides in plant-pathogen interaction and the implication of this remarkable convergence in the battle against plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Zarreen
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kamal Kumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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12
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Zhang L, Liang X, Takáč T, Komis G, Li X, Zhang Y, Ovečka M, Chen Y, Šamaj J. Spatial proteomics of vesicular trafficking: coupling mass spectrometry and imaging approaches in membrane biology. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:250-269. [PMID: 36204821 PMCID: PMC9884029 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In plants, membrane compartmentalization requires vesicle trafficking for communication among distinct organelles. Membrane proteins involved in vesicle trafficking are highly dynamic and can respond rapidly to changes in the environment and to cellular signals. Capturing their localization and dynamics is thus essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying vesicular trafficking pathways. Quantitative mass spectrometry and imaging approaches allow a system-wide dissection of the vesicular proteome, the characterization of ligand-receptor pairs and the determination of secretory, endocytic, recycling and vacuolar trafficking pathways. In this review, we highlight major proteomics and imaging methods employed to determine the location, distribution and abundance of proteins within given trafficking routes. We focus in particular on methodologies for the elucidation of vesicle protein dynamics and interactions and their connections to downstream signalling outputs. Finally, we assess their biological applications in exploring different cellular and subcellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- College of Life ScienceHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Xinlin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tomáš Takáč
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of SciencePalacky University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - George Komis
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of SciencePalacky University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of SciencePalacky University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Yanmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of SciencePalacky University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
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13
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Ma Z, Zhu K, Gao Y, Tan S, Miao Y. Molecular condensation and mechanoregulation of plant class I formin, an integrin‐like actin nucleator. FEBS J 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Kexin Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Yong‐Gui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Suet‐Mien Tan
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
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14
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Heilmann M, Heilmann I. Regulators regulated: Different layers of control for plasma membrane phosphoinositides in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 67:102218. [PMID: 35504191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The membranes of plant cells serve diverse physiological roles, which are defined largely by the localized and dynamic recruitment of proteins. Signaling lipids, such as phosphoinositides, can aid protein recruitment to the plasma membrane via specific recognition of their head groups and influence vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal dynamics and other processes, with ramifications for plant tissue architecture and development. Phosphoinositide abundance is dynamically regulated. Recent advances indicate various levels of control during development or upon environmental triggers, including transcriptional or posttranslational regulation of enzymes balancing biogenesis and degradation, or the nano-organization of membranes into self-organizing physiologically distinct microenvironments. As patterns of interlinked mechanisms emerge, the horizons of what we do not understand become more and more defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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15
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Iswanto ABB, Vu MH, Pike S, Lee J, Kang H, Son GH, Kim J, Kim SH. Pathogen effectors: What do they do at plasmodesmata? MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:795-804. [PMID: 34569687 PMCID: PMC9104267 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants perceive an assortment of external cues during their life cycle, including abiotic and biotic stressors. Biotic stress from a variety of pathogens, including viruses, oomycetes, fungi, and bacteria, is considered to be a substantial factor hindering plant growth and development. To hijack the host cell's defence machinery, plant pathogens have evolved sophisticated attack strategies mediated by numerous effector proteins. Several studies have indicated that plasmodesmata (PD), symplasmic pores that facilitate cell-to-cell communication between a cell and neighbouring cells, are one of the targets of pathogen effectors. However, in contrast to plant-pathogenic viruses, reports of fungal- and bacterial-encoded effectors that localize to and exploit PD are limited. Surprisingly, a recent study of PD-associated bacterial effectors has shown that a number of bacterial effectors undergo cell-to-cell movement via PD. Here we summarize and highlight recent advances in the study of PD-associated fungal/oomycete/bacterial effectors. We also discuss how pathogen effectors interfere with host defence mechanisms in the context of PD regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Minh Huy Vu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Sharon Pike
- Division of Plant SciencesChristopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant GroupUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Hobin Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Geon Hui Son
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
- Division of Life ScienceGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
- Division of Life ScienceGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
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16
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Wang H, Guo B, Yang B, Li H, Xu Y, Zhu J, Wang Y, Ye W, Duan K, Zheng X, Wang Y. An atypical Phytophthora sojae RxLR effector manipulates host vesicle trafficking to promote infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010104. [PMID: 34843607 PMCID: PMC8659694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, the apoplast is a critical battlefield for plant-microbe interactions. Plants secrete defense-related proteins into the apoplast to ward off the invasion of pathogens. How microbial pathogens overcome plant apoplastic immunity remains largely unknown. In this study, we reported that an atypical RxLR effector PsAvh181 secreted by Phytophthora sojae, inhibits the secretion of plant defense-related apoplastic proteins. PsAvh181 localizes to plant plasma membrane and essential for P. sojae infection. By co-immunoprecipitation assay followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses, we identified the soybean GmSNAP-1 as a candidate host target of PsAvh181. GmSNAP-1 encodes a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein, which associates with GmNSF of the SNARE complex functioning in vesicle trafficking. PsAvh181 binds to GmSNAP-1 in vivo and in vitro. PsAvh181 interferes with the interaction between GmSNAP-1 and GmNSF, and blocks the secretion of apoplastic defense-related proteins, such as pathogenesis-related protein PR-1 and apoplastic proteases. Taken together, these data show that an atypical P. sojae RxLR effector suppresses host apoplastic immunity by manipulating the host SNARE complex to interfere with host vesicle trafficking pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baodian Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanpeng Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyi Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwu Ye
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaixuan Duan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Savage Z, Duggan C, Toufexi A, Pandey P, Liang Y, Segretin ME, Yuen LH, Gaboriau DCA, Leary AY, Tumtas Y, Khandare V, Ward AD, Botchway SW, Bateman BC, Pan I, Schattat M, Sparkes I, Bozkurt TO. Chloroplasts alter their morphology and accumulate at the pathogen interface during infection by Phytophthora infestans. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1771-1787. [PMID: 34250673 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Upon immune activation, chloroplasts switch off photosynthesis, produce antimicrobial compounds and associate with the nucleus through tubular extensions called stromules. Although it is well established that chloroplasts alter their position in response to light, little is known about the dynamics of chloroplast movement in response to pathogen attack. Here, we report that during infection with the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans, chloroplasts accumulate at the pathogen interface, associating with the specialized membrane that engulfs the pathogen haustorium. The chemical inhibition of actin polymerization reduces the accumulation of chloroplasts at pathogen haustoria, suggesting that this process is partially dependent on the actin cytoskeleton. However, chloroplast accumulation at haustoria does not necessarily rely on movement of the nucleus to this interface and is not affected by light conditions. Stromules are typically induced during infection, embracing haustoria and facilitating chloroplast interactions, to form dynamic organelle clusters. We found that infection-triggered stromule formation relies on BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1)-mediated surface immune signaling, whereas chloroplast repositioning towards haustoria does not. Consistent with the defense-related induction of stromules, effector-mediated suppression of BAK1-mediated immune signaling reduced stromule formation during infection. On the other hand, immune recognition of the same effector stimulated stromules, presumably via a different pathway. These findings implicate chloroplasts in a polarized response upon pathogen attack and point to more complex functions of these organelles in plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Savage
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Cian Duggan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexia Toufexi
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Pooja Pandey
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yuxi Liang
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - María Eugenia Segretin
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular 'Dr Héctor N. Torres' (INGEBI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Lok Him Yuen
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - David C A Gaboriau
- Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, South Kensington, SAF building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexandre Y Leary
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yasin Tumtas
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Virendrasinh Khandare
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew D Ward
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Benji C Bateman
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Indranil Pan
- Centre for Process Systems Engineering and Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Road, London, London, NW1 2DB, UK
| | - Martin Schattat
- Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108 Halle, Germany
| | - Imogen Sparkes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, University of Bristol, St Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS8 8DZ, UK
| | - Tolga O Bozkurt
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, South Kensington Campus, London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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18
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Duggan C, Moratto E, Savage Z, Hamilton E, Adachi H, Wu CH, Leary AY, Tumtas Y, Rothery SM, Maqbool A, Nohut S, Martin TR, Kamoun S, Bozkurt TO. Dynamic localization of a helper NLR at the plant-pathogen interface underpins pathogen recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2104997118. [PMID: 34417294 PMCID: PMC8403872 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104997118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants employ sensor-helper pairs of NLR immune receptors to recognize pathogen effectors and activate immune responses. Yet, the subcellular localization of NLRs pre- and postactivation during pathogen infection remains poorly understood. Here, we show that NRC4, from the "NRC" solanaceous helper NLR family, undergoes dynamic changes in subcellular localization by shuttling to and from the plant-pathogen haustorium interface established during infection by the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Specifically, prior to activation, NRC4 accumulates at the extrahaustorial membrane (EHM), presumably to mediate response to perihaustorial effectors that are recognized by NRC4-dependent sensor NLRs. However, not all NLRs accumulate at the EHM, as the closely related helper NRC2 and the distantly related ZAR1 did not accumulate at the EHM. NRC4 required an intact N-terminal coiled-coil domain to accumulate at the EHM, whereas the functionally conserved MADA motif implicated in cell death activation and membrane insertion was dispensable for this process. Strikingly, a constitutively autoactive NRC4 mutant did not accumulate at the EHM and showed punctate distribution that mainly associated with the plasma membrane, suggesting that postactivation, NRC4 may undergo a conformation switch to form clusters that do not preferentially associate with the EHM. When NRC4 is activated by a sensor NLR during infection, however, NRC4 forms puncta mainly at the EHM and, to a lesser extent, at the plasma membrane. We conclude that following activation at the EHM, NRC4 may spread to other cellular membranes from its primary site of activation to trigger immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian Duggan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleonora Moratto
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Zachary Savage
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Eranthika Hamilton
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroaki Adachi
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Chih-Hang Wu
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Alexandre Y Leary
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Yasin Tumtas
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Rothery
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Abbas Maqbool
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Seda Nohut
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Ross Martin
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tolga Osman Bozkurt
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom;
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19
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Biotechnological Resources to Increase Disease-Resistance by Improving Plant Immunity: A Sustainable Approach to Save Cereal Crop Production. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061146. [PMID: 34199861 PMCID: PMC8229257 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant diseases are globally causing substantial losses in staple crop production, undermining the urgent goal of a 60% increase needed to meet the food demand, a task made more challenging by the climate changes. Main consequences concern the reduction of food amount and quality. Crop diseases also compromise food safety due to the presence of pesticides and/or toxins. Nowadays, biotechnology represents our best resource both for protecting crop yield and for a science-based increased sustainability in agriculture. Over the last decades, agricultural biotechnologies have made important progress based on the diffusion of new, fast and efficient technologies, offering a broad spectrum of options for understanding plant molecular mechanisms and breeding. This knowledge is accelerating the identification of key resistance traits to be rapidly and efficiently transferred and applied in crop breeding programs. This review gathers examples of how disease resistance may be implemented in cereals by exploiting a combination of basic research derived knowledge with fast and precise genetic engineering techniques. Priming and/or boosting the immune system in crops represent a sustainable, rapid and effective way to save part of the global harvest currently lost to diseases and to prevent food contamination.
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20
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Fratini M, Krishnamoorthy P, Stenzel I, Riechmann M, Matzner M, Bacia K, Heilmann M, Heilmann I. Plasma membrane nano-organization specifies phosphoinositide effects on Rho-GTPases and actin dynamics in tobacco pollen tubes. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:642-670. [PMID: 33955493 PMCID: PMC8136918 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube growth requires coordination of cytoskeletal dynamics and apical secretion. The regulatory phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) is enriched in the subapical plasma membrane of pollen tubes of Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and can influence both actin dynamics and secretion. How alternative PtdIns(4,5)P2 effects are specified is unclear. In tobacco pollen tubes, spinning disc microscopy (SD) reveals dual distribution of a fluorescent PtdIns(4,5)P2-reporter in dynamic plasma membrane nanodomains vs. apparent diffuse membrane labeling, consistent with spatially distinct coexisting pools of PtdIns(4,5)P2. Several PI4P 5-kinases (PIP5Ks) can generate PtdIns(4,5)P2 in pollen tubes. Despite localizing to one membrane region, the PIP5Ks AtPIP5K2-EYFP and NtPIP5K6-EYFP display distinctive overexpression effects on cell morphologies, respectively related to altered actin dynamics or membrane trafficking. When analyzed by SD, AtPIP5K2-EYFP associated with nanodomains, whereas NtPIP5K6-EYFP localized diffusely. Chimeric AtPIP5K2-EYFP and NtPIP5K6-EYFP variants with reciprocally swapped membrane-associating domains evoked reciprocally shifted effects on cell morphology upon overexpression. Overall, active PI4P 5-kinase variants stabilized actin when targeted to nanodomains, suggesting a role of nanodomain-associated PtdIns(4,5)P2 in actin regulation. This notion is further supported by interaction and proximity of nanodomain-associated AtPIP5K2 with the Rho-GTPase NtRac5, and by its functional interplay with elements of Rho of plants signaling. Plasma membrane nano-organization may thus aid the specification of PtdIns(4,5)P2 functions to coordinate cytoskeletal dynamics and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fratini
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Praveen Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Irene Stenzel
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mara Riechmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Monique Matzner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kirsten Bacia
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mareike Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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21
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Gouguet P, Gronnier J, Legrand A, Perraki A, Jolivet MD, Deroubaix AF, German-Retana S, Boudsocq M, Habenstein B, Mongrand S, Germain V. Connecting the dots: from nanodomains to physiological functions of REMORINs. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:632-649. [PMID: 33793872 PMCID: PMC8133660 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
REMORINs (REMs) are a plant-specific protein family, proposed regulators of membrane-associated molecular assemblies and well-established markers of plasma membrane nanodomains. REMs play a diverse set of functions in plant interactions with pathogens and symbionts, responses to abiotic stresses, hormone signaling and cell-to-cell communication. In this review, we highlight the established and more putative roles of REMs throughout the literature. We discuss the physiological functions of REMs, the mechanisms underlying their nanodomain-organization and their putative role as regulators of nanodomain-associated molecular assemblies. Furthermore, we discuss how REM phosphorylation may regulate their functional versatility. Overall, through data-mining and comparative analysis of the literature, we suggest how to further study the molecular mechanisms underpinning the functions of REMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gouguet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- ZMBP, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julien Gronnier
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Legrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), IECB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, A11, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Artemis Perraki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
- Present address: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Marie-Dominique Jolivet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Anne-Flore Deroubaix
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Sylvie German-Retana
- Equipe de Virologie, Institut Scientifique de Recherche Agronomique and Université de Bordeaux, BP81, 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Marie Boudsocq
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d’Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, Orsay, France
| | - Birgit Habenstein
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), IECB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, A11, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Author for communication: (S.M.)
| | - Véronique Germain
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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22
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Buscaill P, Sanguankiattichai N, Lee YJ, Kourelis J, Preston G, van der Hoorn RAL. Agromonas: a rapid disease assay for Pseudomonas syringae growth in agroinfiltrated leaves. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:831-840. [PMID: 33124734 PMCID: PMC7898395 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The lengthy process to generate transformed plants is a limitation in current research on the interactions of the model plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae with plant hosts. Here we present an easy method called agromonas, where we quantify P. syringae growth in agroinfiltrated leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana using a cocktail of antibiotics to select P. syringae on plates. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that transient expression of PAMP receptors reduces bacterial growth, and that transient depletion of a host immune gene and transient expression of a type-III effector increase P. syringae growth in agromonas assays. We show that we can rapidly achieve structure-function analysis of immune components and test the function of immune hydrolases. The agromonas method is easy, fast and robust for routine disease assays with various Pseudomonas strains without transforming plants or bacteria. The agromonas assay offers a reliable approach for further comprehensive analysis of plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Buscaill
- Plant Chemetics LabDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Nattapong Sanguankiattichai
- Plant Chemetics LabDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3RBUK
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Yoon Joo Lee
- Plant Chemetics LabDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Jiorgos Kourelis
- Plant Chemetics LabDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Gail Preston
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3RBUK
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23
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Buscaill P, Sanguankiattichai N, Lee YJ, Kourelis J, Preston G, van der Hoorn RAL. Agromonas: a rapid disease assay for Pseudomonas syringae growth in agroinfiltrated leaves. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:831-840. [PMID: 33124734 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.10.243808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The lengthy process to generate transformed plants is a limitation in current research on the interactions of the model plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae with plant hosts. Here we present an easy method called agromonas, where we quantify P. syringae growth in agroinfiltrated leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana using a cocktail of antibiotics to select P. syringae on plates. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that transient expression of PAMP receptors reduces bacterial growth, and that transient depletion of a host immune gene and transient expression of a type-III effector increase P. syringae growth in agromonas assays. We show that we can rapidly achieve structure-function analysis of immune components and test the function of immune hydrolases. The agromonas method is easy, fast and robust for routine disease assays with various Pseudomonas strains without transforming plants or bacteria. The agromonas assay offers a reliable approach for further comprehensive analysis of plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Buscaill
- Plant Chemetics Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Nattapong Sanguankiattichai
- Plant Chemetics Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Yoon Joo Lee
- Plant Chemetics Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Jiorgos Kourelis
- Plant Chemetics Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Gail Preston
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
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24
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Rausche J, Stenzel I, Stauder R, Fratini M, Trujillo M, Heilmann I, Rosahl S. A phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase from Solanum tuberosum is activated by PAMP-treatment and may antagonize phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate at Phytophthora infestans infection sites. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:469-487. [PMID: 32762082 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants susceptible to late blight disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans display enhanced resistance upon infiltration with the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), Pep-13. Here, we characterize a potato gene similar to Arabidopsis 5-phosphatases which was identified in transcript arrays performed to identify Pep-13 regulated genes, and termed StIPP. Recombinant StIPP protein specifically dephosphorylated the D5-position of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2 ) in vitro. Other phosphoinositides or soluble inositolpolyphosphates were not converted. When transiently expressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pollen tubes, a StIPP-YFP fusion localized to the subapical plasma membrane and antagonized PtdIns(4,5)P2 -dependent effects on cell morphology, indicating in vivo functionality. Phytophthora infestans-infection of N. benthamiana leaf epidermis cells resulted in relocalization of StIPP-GFP from the plasma membrane to the extra-haustorial membrane (EHM). Colocalizion with the effector protein RFP-AvrBlb2 at infection sites is consistent with a role of StIPP in the plant-oomycete interaction. Correlation analysis of fluorescence distributions of StIPP-GFP and biosensors for PtdIns(4,5)P2 or phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) indicate StIPP activity predominantly at the EHM. In Arabidopsis protoplasts, expression of StIPP resulted in the stabilization of the PAMP receptor, FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE 2, indicating that StIPP may act as a PAMP-induced and localized antagonist of PtdIns(4,5)P2 -dependent processes during plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Rausche
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Irene Stenzel
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt Mothes-Str. 3, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Ron Stauder
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Marta Fratini
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt Mothes-Str. 3, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Marco Trujillo
- Independent Research Group Protein Ubiquitinylation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt Mothes-Str. 3, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Sabine Rosahl
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
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25
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Perrine-Walker F. Phytophthora palmivora-Cocoa Interaction. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6030167. [PMID: 32916858 PMCID: PMC7558484 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) is an hemibiotrophic oomycete capable of infecting over 200 plant species including one of the most economically important crops, Theobroma cacao L. commonly known as cocoa. It infects many parts of the cocoa plant including the pods, causing black pod rot disease. This review will focus on P. palmivora’s ability to infect a plant host to cause disease. We highlight some current findings in other Phytophthora sp. plant model systems demonstrating how the germ tube, the appressorium and the haustorium enable the plant pathogen to penetrate a plant cell and how they contribute to the disease development in planta. This review explores the molecular exchange between the oomycete and the plant host, and the role of plant immunity during the development of such structures, to understand the infection of cocoa pods by P. palmivora isolates from Papua New Guinea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Perrine-Walker
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, LEES Building (F22), Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
- The University of Sydney Institute of Agriculture, 1 Central Avenue, Australian Technology Park, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia
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26
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Barbacci A, Navaud O, Mbengue M, Barascud M, Godiard L, Khafif M, Lacaze A, Raffaele S. Rapid identification of an Arabidopsis NLR gene as a candidate conferring susceptibility to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using time-resolved automated phenotyping. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:903-917. [PMID: 32170798 PMCID: PMC7497225 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The broad host range necrotrophic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating pathogen of many oil and vegetable crops. Plant genes conferring complete resistance against S. sclerotiorum have not been reported. Instead, plant populations challenged by S. sclerotiorum exhibit a continuum of partial resistance designated as quantitative disease resistance (QDR). Because of their complex interplay and their small phenotypic effect, the functional characterization of QDR genes remains limited. How broad host range necrotrophic fungi manipulate plant programmed cell death is for instance largely unknown. Here, we designed a time-resolved automated disease phenotyping pipeline enabling high-throughput disease lesion measurement with high resolution, low footprint at low cost. We could accurately recover contrasted disease responses in several pathosystems using this system. We used our phenotyping pipeline to assess the kinetics of disease symptoms caused by seven S. sclerotiorum isolates on six A. thaliana natural accessions with unprecedented resolution. Large effect polymorphisms common to the most resistant A. thaliana accessions identified highly divergent alleles of the nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat gene LAZ5 in the resistant accessions Rubezhnoe and Lip-0. We show that impaired LAZ5 expression in laz5.1 mutant lines and in A. thaliana Rub natural accession correlate with enhanced QDR to S. sclerotiorum. These findings illustrate the value of time-resolved image-based phenotyping for unravelling the genetic bases of complex traits such as QDR. Our results suggest that S. sclerotiorum manipulates plant sphingolipid pathways guarded by LAZ5 to trigger programmed cell death and cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelin Barbacci
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Olivier Navaud
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Malick Mbengue
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Marielle Barascud
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Laurence Godiard
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Mehdi Khafif
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Aline Lacaze
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Sylvain Raffaele
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
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Cai J, Chen T, Wang Y, Qin G, Tian S. SlREM1 Triggers Cell Death by Activating an Oxidative Burst and Other Regulators. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:717-732. [PMID: 32317359 PMCID: PMC7271787 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD), a highly regulated feature of the plant immune response, involves multiple molecular players. Remorins (REMs) are plant-specific proteins with varied biological functions, but their function in PCD and plant defense remains largely unknown. Here, we report a role for remorin in disease resistance, immune response, and PCD regulation. Overexpression of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) REMORIN1 (SlREM1) increased susceptibility of tomato to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea and heterologous expression of this gene triggered cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Further investigation indicated that amino acids 173 to 187 and phosphorylation of SlREM1 played key roles in SlREM1-triggered cell death. Intriguingly, multiple tomato REMs induced cell death in N benthamiana leaves. Yeast two-hybrid, split luciferase complementation, and coimmunoprecipitation assays all demonstrated that remorin proteins could form homo- and heterocomplexes. Using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitative proteomics, we identified that some proteins related to cell death regulation, as well as N benthamiana RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG B (which is essential for reactive oxygen species production), were notably upregulated in SlREM1-expressing leaves. Heterologous expression of SlREM1 increased reactive oxygen species accumulation and triggered other cell death regulators. Our findings indicate that SlREM1 is a positive regulator of plant cell death and provide clues for understanding the PCD molecular regulatory network in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
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Didelon M, Khafif M, Godiard L, Barbacci A, Raffaele S. Patterns of Sequence and Expression Diversification Associate Members of the PADRE Gene Family With Response to Fungal Pathogens. Front Genet 2020; 11:491. [PMID: 32547597 PMCID: PMC7272662 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen infection triggers extensive reprogramming of the plant transcriptome, including numerous genes the function of which is unknown. Due to their wide taxonomic distribution, genes encoding proteins with Domains of Unknown Function (DUFs) activated upon pathogen challenge likely play important roles in disease. In Arabidopsis thaliana, we identified thirteen genes harboring a DUF4228 domain in the top 10% most induced genes after infection by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Based on functional information collected through homology and contextual searches, we propose to refer to this domain as the pathogen and abiotic stress response, cadmium tolerance, disordered region-containing (PADRE) domain. Genome-wide and phylogenetic analyses indicated that PADRE is specific to plants and diversified into 10 subfamilies early in the evolution of Angiosperms. PADRE typically occurs in small single-domain proteins with a bipartite architecture. PADRE N-terminus harbors conserved sequence motifs, while its C-terminus includes an intrinsically disordered region with multiple phosphorylation sites. A pangenomic survey of PADRE genes expression upon S. sclerotiorum inoculation in Arabidopsis, castor bean, and tomato indicated consistent expression across species within phylogenetic groups. Multi-stress expression profiling and co-expression network analyses associated AtPADRE genes with the induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis and responses to chitin and to hypoxia. Our analyses reveal patterns of sequence and expression diversification consistent with the evolution of a role in disease resistance for an uncharacterized family of plant genes. These findings highlight PADRE genes as prime candidates for the functional dissection of mechanisms underlying plant disease resistance to fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sylvain Raffaele
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Abstract
Many filamentous pathogens invade plant cells through specialized hyphae called haustoria. These infection structures are enveloped by a newly synthesized plant-derived membrane called the extrahaustorial membrane (EHM). This specialized membrane is the ultimate interface between the plant and pathogen, and is key to the success or failure of infection. Strikingly, the EHM is reminiscent of host-derived membrane interfaces that engulf intracellular metazoan parasites. These perimicrobial interfaces are critical sites where pathogens facilitate nutrient uptake and deploy virulence factors to disarm cellular defenses mounted by their hosts. Although the mechanisms underlying the biogenesis and functions of these host-microbe interfaces are poorly understood, recent studies have provided new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we summarize these recent advances with a specific focus on the haustorial interfaces associated with filamentous plant pathogens. We highlight the progress in the field that fundamentally underpin this research topic. Furthermore, we relate our knowledge of plant-filamentous pathogen interfaces to those generated by other plant-associated organisms. Finally, we compare the similarities between host-pathogen interfaces in plants and animals, and emphasize the key questions in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga O Bozkurt
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, London, UK
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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30
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van Esse HP, Reuber TL, van der Does D. Genetic modification to improve disease resistance in crops. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:70-86. [PMID: 31135961 PMCID: PMC6916320 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens are a significant challenge in agriculture despite our best efforts to combat them. One of the most effective and sustainable ways to manage plant pathogens is to use genetic modification (GM) and genome editing, expanding the breeder's toolkit. For use in the field, these solutions must be efficacious, with no negative effect on plant agronomy, and deployed thoughtfully. They must also not introduce a potential allergen or toxin. Expensive regulation of biotech crops is prohibitive for local solutions. With 11-30% average global yield losses and greater local impacts, tackling plant pathogens is an ethical imperative. We need to increase world food production by at least 60% using the same amount of land, by 2050. The time to act is now and we cannot afford to ignore the new solutions that GM provides to manage plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Peter van Esse
- 2Blades Foundation1630 Chicago AvenueEvanstonIL 60201USA
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNR4 7UHUK
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Słomińska-Durdasiak KM, Kollers S, Korzun V, Nowara D, Schweizer P, Djamei A, Reif JC. Association mapping of wheat Fusarium head blight resistance-related regions using a candidate-gene approach and their verification in a biparental population. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:341-351. [PMID: 31646363 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Markers, located in Dicer1 and Ara6 genes, which are likely involved in cross-kingdom RNA trafficking, are associated with FHB resistance in GABI wheat population and were validated in biparental population. Association studies are a common approach to detect marker-trait associations for Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum), although verification of detected associations is exceptional. In the present study, candidate-gene association mapping (CG) of genes from silencing and secretory pathways, which may be involved in wheat resistance against FHB and cross-kingdom RNA trafficking, was performed. Fourteen markers, located in nine genes, were tested for association with FHB resistance in 356 lines from the GABI (genome analysis of the biological system of plants) wheat population. Three markers located in the genes Dicer1 and Ara6 were shown to be significantly associated with the studied trait. Verification of this finding was performed using the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population 'Apache × Biscay', segregating for four of our 14 selected markers. We could show association of the Ara6 marker with plant height as well as association with FHB resistance for three markers located in Rab5-like GTPase gene Ara6 and Dicer1. These results confirmed the trait-marker associations detected also in the CG approach. Gene products of the associated genes are involved in response of the plant to pathogens, plant metabolism and may be involved in cross-kingdom RNA trafficking efficiency. The markers detected in the GABI wheat population, which were also validated in the biparental population, can potentially be used in wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Maria Słomińska-Durdasiak
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany.
| | - Sonja Kollers
- KWS LOCHOW GmbH, Ferdinand-von-Lochow-Straße 5, 29303, Bergen, Germany
| | - Viktor Korzun
- KWS LOCHOW GmbH, Ferdinand-von-Lochow-Straße 5, 29303, Bergen, Germany
| | - Daniela Nowara
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Patrick Schweizer
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Armin Djamei
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jochen Christoph Reif
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
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Xing J, Li X, Wang X, Lv X, Wang L, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Shen Q, Baluška F, Šamaj J, Lin J. Secretion of Phospholipase Dδ Functions as a Regulatory Mechanism in Plant Innate Immunity. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:3015-3032. [PMID: 31597687 PMCID: PMC6925013 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant phospholipase Ds (PLDs), essential regulators of phospholipid signaling, function in multiple signal transduction cascades; however, the mechanisms regulating PLDs in response to pathogens remain unclear. Here, we found that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PLDδ accumulated in cells at the entry sites of the barley powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and single-molecule analysis, we observed higher PLDδ density in the plasma membrane after chitin treatment; PLDδ also underwent rapid exocytosis. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy showed that the interaction between PLDδ and the microdomain marker AtREMORIN1.3 (AtREM1.3) increased in response to chitin, indicating that exocytosis facilitates rapid, efficient sorting of PLDδ into microdomains upon pathogen stimulus. We further unveiled a trade-off between brefeldin A (BFA)-resistant and -sensitive pathways in secretion of PLDδ under diverse conditions. Upon pathogen attack, PLDδ secretion involved syntaxin-associated VAMP721/722-mediated exocytosis sensitive to BFA. Analysis of phosphatidic acid (PA), hydrogen peroxide, and jasmonic acid (JA) levels and expression of related genes indicated that the relocalization of PLDδ is crucial for its activation to produce PA and initiate reactive oxygen species and JA signaling pathways. Together, our findings revealed that the translocation of PLDδ to papillae is modulated by exocytosis, thus triggering PA-mediated signaling in plant innate immunity.plantcell;31/12/3015/FX1F1fx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xing
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 457004, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design and College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design and College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 457004, China
| | - Qianhua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Centre for Molecular Agrobiology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Department of Plant Cell Biology, Bonn D-53115, Germany
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc 78301, Czech Republic
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design and College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Gronnier J, Legrand A, Loquet A, Habenstein B, Germain V, Mongrand S. Mechanisms governing subcompartmentalization of biological membranes. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 52:114-123. [PMID: 31546133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Membranes show a tremendous variety of lipids and proteins operating biochemistry, transport and signalling. The dynamics and the organization of membrane constituents are regulated in space and time to execute precise functions. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that shape and govern membrane subcompartmentalization and inter-organelle contact sites still remains limited. Here, we review some reported mechanisms implicated in regulating plant membrane domains including those of plasma membrane, plastids, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Finally, we discuss several state-of-the-art methods that allow nowadays researchers to decipher the architecture of these structures at the molecular and atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Gronnier
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Legrand
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), UMR 5200, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), IECB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, All, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), IECB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, All, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Birgit Habenstein
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), IECB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, All, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), UMR 5200, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), UMR 5200, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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Cai Q, He B, Jin H. A safe ride in extracellular vesicles - small RNA trafficking between plant hosts and pathogens. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 52:140-148. [PMID: 31654843 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Communication between plants and pathogens requires the transport of regulatory molecules across cellular boundaries, which is essential for host defense and pathogen virulence. Previous research has largely focused on protein transport, but, which other molecules function in communication, and how they are transported remains under explored. Recent studies discovered that small RNAs (sRNAs) are transported between plants and pathogens, which can silence target genes in the interacting organisms and regulate host immunity and pathogen infection, a mechanism called 'cross-kingdom RNA interference (RNAi)'. Further studies indicate that plant extracellular vesicles (EVs) are essential for sRNA trafficking and host-pathogen communication. This review will focus on the latest advances in our understanding of plant EVs and their roles in transporting regulatory molecules, especially sRNAs, between hosts and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Baoye He
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Hailing Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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35
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Adachi H, Contreras MP, Harant A, Wu CH, Derevnina L, Sakai T, Duggan C, Moratto E, Bozkurt TO, Maqbool A, Win J, Kamoun S. An N-terminal motif in NLR immune receptors is functionally conserved across distantly related plant species. eLife 2019; 8:e49956. [PMID: 31774397 PMCID: PMC6944444 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular codes underpinning the functions of plant NLR immune receptors are poorly understood. We used in vitro Mu transposition to generate a random truncation library and identify the minimal functional region of NLRs. We applied this method to NRC4-a helper NLR that functions with multiple sensor NLRs within a Solanaceae receptor network. This revealed that the NRC4 N-terminal 29 amino acids are sufficient to induce hypersensitive cell death. This region is defined by the consensus MADAxVSFxVxKLxxLLxxEx (MADA motif) that is conserved at the N-termini of NRC family proteins and ~20% of coiled-coil (CC)-type plant NLRs. The MADA motif matches the N-terminal α1 helix of Arabidopsis NLR protein ZAR1, which undergoes a conformational switch during resistosome activation. Immunoassays revealed that the MADA motif is functionally conserved across NLRs from distantly related plant species. NRC-dependent sensor NLRs lack MADA sequences indicating that this motif has degenerated in sensor NLRs over evolutionary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Adachi
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Mauricio P Contreras
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Adeline Harant
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Chih-hang Wu
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Lida Derevnina
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Cian Duggan
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Eleonora Moratto
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tolga O Bozkurt
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Abbas Maqbool
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Joe Win
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUnited Kingdom
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Wang S, Chen Z, Tian L, Ding Y, Zhang J, Zhou J, Liu P, Chen Y, Wu L. Comparative proteomics combined with analyses of transgenic plants reveal ZmREM1.3 mediates maize resistance to southern corn rust. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:2153-2168. [PMID: 30972847 PMCID: PMC6790363 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Southern corn rust (SCR), which is a destructive disease caused by Puccinia polysora Underw. (P. polysora), commonly occurs in warm-temperate and tropical regions. To identify candidate proteins related to SCR resistance and characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying the maize-P. polysora interaction, a comparative proteomic analysis of susceptible and resistant maize lines was performed. Statistical analyses revealed 1489 differentially abundant proteins in the resistant line, as well as 1035 differentially abundant proteins in the susceptible line. After the P. polysora infection, the abundance of one remorin protein (ZmREM1.3) increased in the resistant genotype, but decreased in the susceptible genotype. Plant-specific remorins are important for responses to microbial infections as well as plant signalling processes. In this study, transgenic maize plants overexpressing ZmREM1.3 exhibited enhanced resistance to the biotrophic P. polysora. In contrast, homozygous ZmREM1.3 UniformMu mutant plants were significantly more susceptible to P. polysora than wild-type plants. Additionally, the ZmREM1.3-overexpressing plants accumulated more salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Moreover, the expression levels of defence-related genes were higher in ZmREM1.3-overexpressing maize plants than in non-transgenic control plants in response to the P. polysora infection. Overall, our results provide evidence that ZmREM1.3 positively regulates maize defences against P. polysora likely via SA/JA-mediated defence signalling pathways. This study represents the first large-scale proteomic analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying the maize-P. polysora interaction. This is also the first report confirming the remorin protein family affects plant resistance to SCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxi Wang
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Zan Chen
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Lei Tian
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Yezhang Ding
- Section of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Cereal Crop Research InstituteHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
| | - Jinlong Zhou
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Ping Liu
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Liuji Wu
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain CropsHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
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37
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Lambertucci S, Orman KM, Das Gupta S, Fisher JP, Gazal S, Williamson RJ, Cramer R, Bindschedler LV. Analysis of Barley Leaf Epidermis and Extrahaustorial Proteomes During Powdery Mildew Infection Reveals That the PR5 Thaumatin-Like Protein TLP5 Is Required for Susceptibility Towards Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1138. [PMID: 31736984 PMCID: PMC6831746 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildews are biotrophic pathogens causing fungal diseases in many economically important crops, including cereals, which are affected by Blumeria graminis. Powdery mildews only invade the epidermal cell layer of leaf tissues, in which they form haustorial structures. Haustoria are at the center of the biotrophic interaction by taking up nutrients from the host and by delivering effectors in the invaded cells to jeopardize plant immunity. Haustoria are composed of a fungal core delimited by a haustorial plasma membrane and cell wall. Surrounding these is the extrahaustorial complex, of which the extrahaustorial membrane is of plant origin. Although haustoria transcriptomes and proteomes have been investigated for Blumeria, the proteomes of barley epidermis upon infection and the barley components of the extrahaustorial complex remains unexplored. When comparing proteomes of infected and non-infected epidermis, several classical pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins were more abundant in infected epidermis. These included peroxidases, chitinases, cysteine-rich venom secreted proteins/PR1 and two thaumatin-like PR5 protein isoforms, of which TLP5 was previously shown to interact with the Blumeria effector BEC1054 (CSEP0064). Against expectations, transient TLP5 gene silencing suggested that TLP5 does not contribute to resistance but modulates susceptibility towards B. graminis. In a second proteomics comparison, haustorial structures were enriched from infected epidermal strips to identify plant proteins closely associated with the extrahaustorial complex. In these haustoria-enriched samples, relative abundances were higher for several V-type ATP synthase/ATPase subunits, suggesting the generation of proton gradients in the extrahaustorial space. Other haustoria-associated proteins included secreted or membrane proteins such as a PIP2 aquaporin, an early nodulin-like protein 9, an aspartate protease and other proteases, a lipase, and a lipid transfer protein, all of which are potential modulators of immunity, or the targets of pathogen effectors. Moreover, the ER BIP-like HSP70, may link ER stress responses and the idea of ER-like properties previously attributed to the extrahaustorial membrane. This initial investigation exploring the barley proteomes of Blumeria-infected tissues and haustoria, associated with a transient gene silencing approach, is invaluable to gain first insight of key players of resistance and susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Lambertucci
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Mary Orman
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Shaoli Das Gupta
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - James Paul Fisher
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Snehi Gazal
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rainer Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Albers P, Üstün S, Witzel K, Kraner M, Börnke F. A Remorin from Nicotiana benthamiana Interacts with the Pseudomonas Type-III Effector Protein HopZ1a and is Phosphorylated by the Immune-Related Kinase PBS1. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:1229-1242. [PMID: 31012804 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-19-0105-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is at the interface of plant-pathogen interactions and, thus, many bacterial type-III effector (T3E) proteins target membrane-associated processes to interfere with immunity. The Pseudomonas syringae T3E HopZ1a is a host cell PM-localized effector protein that has several immunity-associated host targets but also activates effector-triggered immunity in resistant backgrounds. Although HopZ1a has been shown to interfere with early defense signaling at the PM, no dedicated PM-associated HopZ1a target protein has been identified until now. Here, we show that HopZ1a interacts with the PM-associated remorin protein NbREM4 from Nicotiana benthamiana in several independent assays. NbREM4 relocalizes to membrane nanodomains after treatment with the bacterial elicitor flg22 and transient overexpression of NbREM4 in N. benthamiana induces the expression of a subset of defense-related genes. We can further show that NbREM4 interacts with the immune-related receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase avrPphB-susceptible 1 (PBS1) and is phosphorylated by PBS1 on several residues in vitro. Thus, we conclude that NbREM4 is associated with early defense signaling at the PM. The possible relevance of the HopZ1a-NbREM4 interaction for HopZ1a virulence and avirulence functions is discussed.Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Albers
- Plant Metabolism, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Suayib Üstün
- Plant Metabolism, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Katja Witzel
- Principles of Integrated Pest Management, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Max Kraner
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frederik Börnke
- Plant Metabolism, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Li Q, Ai G, Shen D, Zou F, Wang J, Bai T, Chen Y, Li S, Zhang M, Jing M, Dou D. A Phytophthora capsici Effector Targets ACD11 Binding Partners that Regulate ROS-Mediated Defense Response in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:565-581. [PMID: 30703564 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in plant immune response, but the genes involved in the regulation of ROS are scantily reported. Phytophthora pathogens produce a large number of effectors to promote infection, but the modes of action adopted are largely unknown. Here, we report that RxLR207 could activate ROS-mediated cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana and was essential for virulence of P. capsici. We found that this effector targeted BPA1 (binding partner of ACD11) and four members of BPLs (BPA1-Like proteins) in Arabidopsis, and the bpa1 and bpl mutants had enhanced ROS accumulation and cell death under biotic or abiotic stresses. Furthermore, we showed that BPA1 and several BPLs functioned redundantly in plant immunity to P. capsici. We discovered that BPA1 and all six BPLs interacted with ACD11, and stabilization of ACD11 was impaired in the bpa1, bpl2, bpl3, and bpl4 mutants. RxLR207 could promote the degradation of BPA1, BPL1, BPL2, and BPL4 to disrupt ACD11 stabilization in a 26S proteasome-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings indicate the important roles of Arabidopsis BPA1 and its homologs in ROS homeostasis and defense response, highlighting the usefulness of a pathogen effector-directed approach as a promising strategy for the discovery of novel plant immune regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gan Ai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Danyu Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fen Zou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tian Bai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanyu Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shutian Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Meixiang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Guo B, Wang H, Yang B, Jiang W, Jing M, Li H, Xia Y, Xu Y, Hu Q, Wang F, Yu F, Wang Y, Ye W, Dong S, Xing W, Wang Y. Phytophthora sojae Effector PsAvh240 Inhibits Host Aspartic Protease Secretion to Promote Infection. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:552-564. [PMID: 30703565 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants secrete defense molecules into the extracellular space (the apoplast) to combat attacking microbes. However, the mechanisms by which successful pathogens subvert plant apoplastic immunity remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that PsAvh240, a membrane-localized effector of the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae, promotes P. sojae infection in soybean hairy roots. We found that PsAvh240 interacts with the soybean-resistant aspartic protease GmAP1 in planta and suppresses the secretion of GmAP1 into the apoplast. By solving its crystal structure we revealed that PsAvh240 contain six α helices and two WY motifs. The first two α helices of PsAvh240 are responsible for its plasma membrane-localization and are required for PsAvh240's interaction with GmAP1. The second WY motifs of two PsAvh240 molecules form a handshake arrangement resulting in a handshake-like dimer. This dimerization is required for the effector's repression of GmAP1 secretion. Taken together, these data reveal that PsAvh240 localizes at the plasma membrane to interfere with GmAP1 secretion, which represents an effective mechanism by which effector proteins suppress plant apoplastic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodian Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haonan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenjing Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yeqiang Xia
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuanpeng Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qinli Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenwu Ye
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Suomeng Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiman Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China.
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210095, China.
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Badet T, Léger O, Barascud M, Voisin D, Sadon P, Vincent R, Le Ru A, Balagué C, Roby D, Raffaele S. Expression polymorphism at the ARPC4 locus links the actin cytoskeleton with quantitative disease resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:480-496. [PMID: 30393937 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative disease resistance (QDR) is a form of plant immunity widespread in nature, and the only one active against broad host range fungal pathogens. The genetic determinants of QDR are complex and largely unknown, and are thought to rely partly on genes controlling plant morphology and development. We used genome-wide association mapping in Arabidopsis thaliana to identify ARPC4 as associated with QDR against the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Mutants impaired in ARPC4 showed enhanced susceptibility to S. sclerotiorum, defects in the structure of the actin filaments and in their responsiveness to S. sclerotiorum. Disruption of ARPC4 also alters callose deposition and the expression of defense-related genes upon S. sclerotiorum infection. Analysis of ARPC4 diversity in A. thaliana identified one haplotype (ARPC4R ) showing a c. 1 kbp insertion in ARPC4 regulatory region and associated with higher level of QDR. Accessions from the ARPC4R haplotype showed enhanced ARPC4 expression upon S. sclerotiorum challenge, indicating that polymorphisms in ARPC4 regulatory region are associated with enhanced QDR. This work identifies a novel actor of plant QDR against a fungal pathogen and provides a prime example of genetic mechanisms leading to the recruitment of cell morphology processes in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Badet
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Ophélie Léger
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Marielle Barascud
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Derry Voisin
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Pierre Sadon
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Remy Vincent
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Aurélie Le Ru
- Plateforme Imagerie, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, Fédération de Recherche 3450, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Claudine Balagué
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Dominique Roby
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Sylvain Raffaele
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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42
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Mamode Cassim A, Gouguet P, Gronnier J, Laurent N, Germain V, Grison M, Boutté Y, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Simon-Plas F, Mongrand S. Plant lipids: Key players of plasma membrane organization and function. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 73:1-27. [PMID: 30465788 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is the biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside. The PM is constituted of a huge diversity of proteins and lipids. In this review, we will update the diversity of molecular species of lipids found in plant PM. We will further discuss how lipids govern global properties of the plant PM, explaining that plant lipids are unevenly distributed and are able to organize PM in domains. From that observation, it emerges a complex picture showing a spatial and multiscale segregation of PM components. Finally, we will discuss how lipids are key players in the function of PM in plants, with a particular focus on plant-microbe interaction, transport and hormone signaling, abiotic stress responses, plasmodesmata function. The last chapter is dedicated to the methods that the plant membrane biology community needs to develop to get a comprehensive understanding of membrane organization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiilah Mamode Cassim
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Paul Gouguet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Julien Gronnier
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nelson Laurent
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Magali Grison
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France.
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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REM1.3's phospho-status defines its plasma membrane nanodomain organization and activity in restricting PVX cell-to-cell movement. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007378. [PMID: 30419072 PMCID: PMC6258466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to pathogens through dynamic regulation of plasma membrane-bound signaling pathways. To date, how the plant plasma membrane is involved in responses to viruses is mostly unknown. Here, we show that plant cells sense the Potato virus X (PVX) COAT PROTEIN and TRIPLE GENE BLOCK 1 proteins and subsequently trigger the activation of a membrane-bound calcium-dependent kinase. We show that the Arabidopsis thaliana CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 3-interacts with group 1 REMORINs in vivo, phosphorylates the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain of the Group 1 REMORIN REM1.3, and restricts PVX cell-to-cell movement. REM1.3's phospho-status defines its plasma membrane nanodomain organization and is crucial for REM1.3-dependent restriction of PVX cell-to-cell movement by regulation of callose deposition at plasmodesmata. This study unveils plasma membrane nanodomain-associated molecular events underlying the plant immune response to viruses. Viruses propagate in plants through membranous channels, called plasmodesmata, linking each cell to its neighboring cell. In this work, we challenge the role of the plasma membrane in the regulation of virus propagation. By studying the dynamics and the activation of a plant-specific protein called REMORIN, we found that the way this protein is organized inside the membrane is crucial to fulfill its function in the immunity of plants against viruses.
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Gronnier J, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Germain V, Mongrand S, Simon-Plas F. Divide and Rule: Plant Plasma Membrane Organization. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:899-917. [PMID: 30174194 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Since the publication of the fluid mosaic as a relevant model for biological membranes, accumulating evidence has revealed the outstanding complexity of the composition and organization of the plant plasma membrane (PM). Powerful new methodologies have uncovered the remarkable multiscale and multicomponent heterogeneity of PM subcompartmentalization, and this is emerging as a general trait with different features and properties. It is now evident that the dynamics of such a complex organization are intrinsically related to signaling pathways that regulate key physiological processes. Listing and linking recent progress in precisely qualifying these heterogeneities will help to draw an integrated picture of the plant PM. Understanding the key principles governing such a complex dynamic organization will contribute to deciphering the crucial role of the PM in cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Gronnier
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Present address: Laboratory of Cyril Zipfel, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation, et de l'Environnement (AgroSup) Dijon, CNRS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation, et de l'Environnement (AgroSup) Dijon, CNRS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France; These authors contributed equally to this work.
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45
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Cai J, Qin G, Chen T, Tian S. The mode of action of remorin1 in regulating fruit ripening at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:1406-1420. [PMID: 29978907 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Remorins are plant-specific and plasma membrane-associated proteins that display a variety of functions in plant growth, development, biotic and abiotic stresses, and signal transduction. However, little information is available for understanding their role in fruit ripening. Here, remorin 1 (SlREM1) is cloned from tomato and its localization is examined by co-localization analysis and immunoblotting. Functions of SlREM1 in fruit ripening are characterized based on gene expression, co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectroscopy and split luciferase complementation imaging assays in SlREM1 overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) lines. The results indicate that SlREM1 is localized at the plasma membrane. Overexpression of SlREM1 in tomato stimulates fruit ripening with an increase in ethylene production and lycopene accumulation as compared to the wild-type. Consistently, these genes involved in ethylene and lycopene biosynthesis and ripening regulators also are upregulated in SlREM1 overexpression lines. SlREM1 can interact with ethylene biosynthesis proteins SAM1, ACO1 and ACS2 and is degraded by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Our findings reveal that SlREM1 serves as a positive regulator of fruit ripening and provide novel cues for understanding of the molecular regulation network of fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handing of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handing of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handing of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, China
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Martínez-Cruz J, Romero D, de la Torre FN, Fernández-Ortuño D, Torés JA, de Vicente A, Pérez-García A. The Functional Characterization of Podosphaera xanthii Candidate Effector Genes Reveals Novel Target Functions for Fungal Pathogenicity. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:914-931. [PMID: 29513627 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-17-0318-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Podosphaera xanthii is the main causal agent of powdery mildew disease in cucurbits. In a previous study, we determined that P. xanthii expresses approximately 50 Podosphaera effector candidates (PECs), identified based on the presence of a predicted signal peptide and the absence of functional annotation. In this work, we used host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), employing Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a vector for the delivery of the silencing constructs (ATM-HIGS), to identify genes involved in early plant-pathogen interaction. The analysis of seven selected PEC-encoding genes showed that six of them, PEC007, PEC009, PEC019, PEC032, PEC034, and PEC054, are required for P. xanthii pathogenesis, as revealed by reduced fungal growth and increased production of hydrogen peroxide by host cells. In addition, protein models and protein-ligand predictions allowed us to identify putative functions for these candidates. The biochemical activities of PEC019, PEC032, and PEC054 were elucidated using their corresponding proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. These proteins were confirmed as phospholipid-binding protein, α-mannosidase, and cellulose-binding protein. Further, BLAST searches showed that these three effectors are widely distributed in phytopathogenic fungi. These results suggest novel targets for fungal effectors, such as host-cell plasma membrane, host-cell glycosylation, and damage-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Martínez-Cruz
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga and Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Diego Romero
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga and Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando N de la Torre
- 2 Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; and
| | - Dolores Fernández-Ortuño
- 3 Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan A Torés
- 3 Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio de Vicente
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga and Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-García
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga and Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071 Málaga, Spain
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47
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Dagdas YF, Pandey P, Tumtas Y, Sanguankiattichai N, Belhaj K, Duggan C, Leary AY, Segretin ME, Contreras MP, Savage Z, Khandare VS, Kamoun S, Bozkurt TO. Host autophagy machinery is diverted to the pathogen interface to mediate focal defense responses against the Irish potato famine pathogen. eLife 2018; 7:37476. [PMID: 29932422 PMCID: PMC6029844 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During plant cell invasion, the oomycete Phytophthora infestans remains enveloped by host-derived membranes whose functional properties are poorly understood. P. infestans secretes a myriad of effector proteins through these interfaces for plant colonization. Recently we showed that the effector protein PexRD54 reprograms host-selective autophagy by antagonising antimicrobial-autophagy receptor Joka2/NBR1 for ATG8CL binding (Dagdas et al., 2016). Here, we show that during infection, ATG8CL/Joka2 labelled defense-related autophagosomes are diverted toward the perimicrobial host membrane to restrict pathogen growth. PexRD54 also localizes to autophagosomes across the perimicrobial membrane, consistent with the view that the pathogen remodels host-microbe interface by co-opting the host autophagy machinery. Furthermore, we show that the host-pathogen interface is a hotspot for autophagosome biogenesis. Notably, overexpression of the early autophagosome biogenesis protein ATG9 enhances plant immunity. Our results implicate selective autophagy in polarized immune responses of plants and point to more complex functions for autophagy than the widely known degradative roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin F Dagdas
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.,The Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pooja Pandey
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yasin Tumtas
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Khaoula Belhaj
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Cian Duggan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Y Leary
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria E Segretin
- INGEBI-CONICET, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio P Contreras
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,INGEBI-CONICET, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Zachary Savage
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tolga O Bozkurt
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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48
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Dagdas YF, Pandey P, Tumtas Y, Sanguankiattichai N, Belhaj K, Duggan C, Leary AY, Segretin ME, Contreras MP, Savage Z, Khandare VS, Kamoun S, Bozkurt TO. Host autophagy machinery is diverted to the pathogen interface to mediate focal defense responses against the Irish potato famine pathogen. eLife 2018; 7:37476. [PMID: 29932422 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37476.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During plant cell invasion, the oomycete Phytophthora infestans remains enveloped by host-derived membranes whose functional properties are poorly understood. P. infestans secretes a myriad of effector proteins through these interfaces for plant colonization. Recently we showed that the effector protein PexRD54 reprograms host-selective autophagy by antagonising antimicrobial-autophagy receptor Joka2/NBR1 for ATG8CL binding (Dagdas et al., 2016). Here, we show that during infection, ATG8CL/Joka2 labelled defense-related autophagosomes are diverted toward the perimicrobial host membrane to restrict pathogen growth. PexRD54 also localizes to autophagosomes across the perimicrobial membrane, consistent with the view that the pathogen remodels host-microbe interface by co-opting the host autophagy machinery. Furthermore, we show that the host-pathogen interface is a hotspot for autophagosome biogenesis. Notably, overexpression of the early autophagosome biogenesis protein ATG9 enhances plant immunity. Our results implicate selective autophagy in polarized immune responses of plants and point to more complex functions for autophagy than the widely known degradative roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin F Dagdas
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- The Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pooja Pandey
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yasin Tumtas
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Khaoula Belhaj
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Cian Duggan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Y Leary
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria E Segretin
- INGEBI-CONICET, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio P Contreras
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- INGEBI-CONICET, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Zachary Savage
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tolga O Bozkurt
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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49
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Khan M, Youn JY, Gingras AC, Subramaniam R, Desveaux D. In planta proximity dependent biotin identification (BioID). Sci Rep 2018; 8:9212. [PMID: 29907827 PMCID: PMC6004002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximity dependent biotin identification (BioID) has emerged as a powerful tool for studies of proteome architecture, including insoluble or membrane-associated proteins. The technique has been well established in mammalian cells but has yet to be applied to whole plant systems. Here we demonstrate the application of BioID on leaf tissues of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, thereby expanding the versatility of this important technique and providing a powerful proteomics tool for plant biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Khan
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada.,Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Ji-Young Youn
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rajagopal Subramaniam
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada.
| | - Darrell Desveaux
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada. .,Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada.
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50
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Carella P, Gogleva A, Tomaselli M, Alfs C, Schornack S. Phytophthora palmivora establishes tissue-specific intracellular infection structures in the earliest divergent land plant lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E3846-E3855. [PMID: 29615512 DOI: 10.1101/188912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion of plants onto land was a formative event that brought forth profound changes to the earth's geochemistry and biota. Filamentous eukaryotic microbes developed the ability to colonize plant tissues early during the evolution of land plants, as demonstrated by intimate, symbiosis-like associations in >400 million-year-old fossils. However, the degree to which filamentous microbes establish pathogenic interactions with early divergent land plants is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the broad host-range oomycete pathogen Phytophthora palmivora colonizes liverworts, the earliest divergent land plant lineage. We show that P. palmivora establishes a complex tissue-specific interaction with Marchantia polymorpha, where it completes a full infection cycle within air chambers of the dorsal photosynthetic layer. Remarkably, P. palmivora invaginates M. polymorpha cells with haustoria-like structures that accumulate host cellular trafficking machinery and the membrane syntaxin MpSYP13B, but not the related MpSYP13A. Our results indicate that the intracellular accommodation of filamentous microbes is an ancient plant trait that is successfully exploited by pathogens like P. palmivora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB2 1LR Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Gogleva
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB2 1LR Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Tomaselli
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB2 1LR Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carolin Alfs
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB2 1LR Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Schornack
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB2 1LR Cambridge, United Kingdom
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