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Hu Y, Khan S, Yin L, Tang H, Huang J. Investigating aluminum toxicity effects on callose deposition, oxidative stress, and nutrient homeostasis in banana genotypes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33071-w. [PMID: 38632199 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33071-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity poses a significant challenge to agricultural productivity, particularly in acidic soils. The banana crop, predominantly cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates, often grapples with low pH and Al toxicity. This study seeks to explore the differential responses of two banana genotypes with varying Al tolerance (Baodao and Baxi) to Al exposure (100 and 500 µM) for 24 h. Microscopic analysis uncovered distinctive structural modifications in root cells, with Baodao displaying more severe alterations in response to Al stress. There was higher superoxide (O2-.) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and lipid peroxidation in Baodao indicating enhanced oxidative stress and membrane damage. Al accumulation in root tips was higher in Baxi than Baodao, while the roots of Baodao had a higher accumulation of callose. Nutrient content analysis revealed alterations in ion levels, highlighting the impact of Al exposure on nutrient uptake and homeostasis. In summary, Al differentially affects callose deposition, which, in turn, leads to Al uptake and nutrient homeostasis alteration in two contrasting banana genotypes. This intricate interplay is a key factor in understanding plant responses to aluminum toxicity and can inform strategies for crop improvement and soil management in aluminum-stressed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, 572022, China
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, 572022, China
| | - Liyan Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Hua Tang
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, 572022, China
| | - Jiaquan Huang
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, 572022, China.
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Yan L, Li S, Cheng J, Liu Y, Liu J, Jiang C. Boron contributes to excessive aluminum tolerance in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) by inhibiting cell wall deposition and promoting vacuole compartmentation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129275. [PMID: 35714543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is an indispensable micronutrient for plant growth that can also alleviate aluminum (Al) toxicity. However, limited data are available on the underlying mechanisms behind this phenomenon. Here, we found that a certain range of B application could alleviate the inhibitory effects of Al toxicity on citrus. Transcriptome analysis revealed that several Al stress-responsive genes and pathways were differentially affected and enriched, such as coding for the secretion of organic acid and the distribution of Al in subcellular components after B addition. Specifically, B application enhanced rhizosphere pH and induced malate exudation by expressing PtALMT4 and PtALMT9 genes occurred in Al-treated root, which ultimately reduced the absorption of Al and coincided with down-regulated the expression of PtNrat1. Moreover, B supply suppressed the pectin methyl-esterase (PME) activity and displayed a lower level of PtPME2 expression, while enhanced the PtSTAR1 expression, which is responsible for reducing cell wall (CW) Al deposition. Boron addition enhanced the PtALS1 and PtALS3 expression, accompanied by a higher proportion of vacuolar Al compartmentation during Al exposure. Collectively, the protective effects of B on root injury induced by Al is mainly by subsiding the Al uptake in the root apoplast and compartmentalizing Al into vacuole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Jin Cheng
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
| | - Yu Liu
- College of life sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China..
| | - Jihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
| | - Cuncang Jiang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China.
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3
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Potts J, Li H, Qin Y, Wu X, Hui D, Nasr KA, Zhou S, Yong Y, Fish T, Liu J, Thannhauser TW. Using single cell type proteomics to identify Al-induced proteomes in outer layer cells and interior tissues in the apical meristem/cell division regions of tomato root-tips. J Proteomics 2022; 255:104486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Szurman-Zubrzycka M, Chwiałkowska K, Niemira M, Kwaśniewski M, Nawrot M, Gajecka M, Larsen PB, Szarejko I. Aluminum or Low pH - Which Is the Bigger Enemy of Barley? Transcriptome Analysis of Barley Root Meristem Under Al and Low pH Stress. Front Genet 2021; 12:675260. [PMID: 34220949 PMCID: PMC8244595 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.675260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is considered to be the most harmful abiotic stress in acidic soils that today comprise more than 50% of the world’s arable lands. Barley belongs to a group of crops that are most sensitive to Al in low pH soils. We present the RNA-seq analysis of root meristems of barley seedlings grown in hydroponics at optimal pH (6.0), low pH (4.0), and low pH with Al (10 μM of bioavailable Al3+ ions). Two independent experiments were conducted: with short-term (24 h) and long-term (7 days) Al treatment. In the short-term experiment, more genes were differentially expressed (DEGs) between root meristems grown at pH = 6.0 and pH = 4.0, than between those grown at pH = 4.0 with and without Al treatment. The genes upregulated by low pH were associated mainly with response to oxidative stress, cell wall organization, and iron ion binding. Among genes upregulated by Al, overrepresented were those related to response to stress condition and calcium ion binding. In the long-term experiment, the number of DEGs between hydroponics at pH = 4.0 and 6.0 were lower than in the short-term experiment, which suggests that plants partially adapted to the low pH. Interestingly, 7 days Al treatment caused massive changes in the transcriptome profile. Over 4,000 genes were upregulated and almost 2,000 genes were downregulated by long-term Al stress. These DEGs were related to stress response, cell wall development and metal ion transport. Based on our results we can assume that both, Al3+ ions and low pH are harmful to barley plants. Additionally, we phenotyped the root system of barley seedlings grown in the same hydroponic conditions for 7 days at pH = 6.0, pH = 4.0, and pH = 4.0 with Al. The results correspond to transcriptomic data and show that low pH itself is a stress factor that causes a significant reduction of root growth and the addition of aluminum further increases this reduction. It should be noted that in acidic arable lands, plants are exposed simultaneously to both of these stresses. The presented transcriptome analysis may help to find potential targets for breeding barley plants that are more tolerant to such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Szurman-Zubrzycka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Karolina Chwiałkowska
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Niemira
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mirosław Kwaśniewski
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Nawrot
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Gajecka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Paul B Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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He Q, Yang J, Zabotina OA, Yu C. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic chemical imaging reveals distribution of pectin and its co-localization with xyloglucan inside onion epidermal cell wall. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250650. [PMID: 33951055 PMCID: PMC8099099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary plant cell wall is a complex matrix composed of interconnected polysaccharides including cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Changes of this dynamic polysaccharide system play a critical role during plant cell development and differentiation. A better understanding of cell wall architectures can provide insight into the plant cell development. In this study, a Raman spectroscopic imaging approach was developed to visualize the distribution of plant cell wall polysaccharides. In this approach, Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS through self-assembled silver nanoparticles) was combined with Raman labels (4-Aminothiophenol. 4ATP) and targeted enzymatic hydrolysis to improve the sensitivity, specificity, and throughput of the Raman imaging technique, and to reveal the distribution of pectin and its co-localization with xyloglucan inside onion epidermal cell (OEC) wall. This technique significantly decreased the required spectral acquisition time. The resulted Raman spectra showed a high Raman signal. The resulted Raman images successfully revealed and characterized the pectin distribution and its co-localization pattern with xyloglucan in OEC wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Olga A. Zabotina
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Chenxu Yu
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
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Dai B, Chen C, Liu Y, Liu L, Qaseem MF, Wang J, Li H, Wu AM. Physiological, Biochemical, and Transcriptomic Responses of Neolamarckia cadamba to Aluminum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9624. [PMID: 33348765 PMCID: PMC7767006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum is the most abundant metal of the Earth's crust accounting for 7% of its mass, and release of toxic Al3+ in acid soils restricts plant growth. Neolamarckia cadamba, a fast-growing tree, only grows in tropical regions with acidic soils. In this study, N. cadamba was treated with high concentrations of aluminum under acidic condition (pH 4.5) to study its physiological, biochemical, and molecular response mechanisms against high aluminum stress. High aluminum concentration resulted in significant inhibition of root growth with time in N. cadamba. The concentration of Al3+ ions in the root tip increased significantly and the distribution of absorbed Al3+ was observed in the root tip after Al stress. Meanwhile, the concentration of Ca, Mg, Mn, and Fe was significantly decreased, but P concentration increased. Aluminum stress increased activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase from micrococcus lysodeiktic (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) in the root tip, while the content of MDA was decreased. Transcriptome analysis showed 37,478 differential expression genes (DEGs) and 4096 GOs terms significantly associated with treatments. The expression of genes regulating aluminum transport and abscisic acid synthesis was significantly upregulated; however, the genes involved in auxin synthesis were downregulated. Of note, the transcripts of several key enzymes affecting lignin monomer synthesis in phenylalanine pathway were upregulated. Our results shed light on the physiological and molecular mechanisms of aluminum stress tolerance in N. cadamba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojia Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.D.); (C.C.); (Y.L.); (M.F.Q.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.D.); (C.C.); (Y.L.); (M.F.Q.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.D.); (C.C.); (Y.L.); (M.F.Q.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in downstream areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China;
| | - Mirza Faisal Qaseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.D.); (C.C.); (Y.L.); (M.F.Q.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinxiang Wang
- Root Biology Center & College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.D.); (C.C.); (Y.L.); (M.F.Q.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.D.); (C.C.); (Y.L.); (M.F.Q.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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7
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da Silva RG, Rosa-Santos TM, França SDC, Kottapalli P, Kottapalli KR, Zingaretti SM. Microtranscriptome analysis of sugarcane cultivars in response to aluminum stress. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217806. [PMID: 31697688 PMCID: PMC6837492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several metallic elements are required for plant growth, excessive amounts of aluminum ions (Al3+) can result in the inhibition of root growth, thus triggering water and nutrient deficiencies. Plants under stress undergo gene expression changes in specific genes or post-transcriptional gene regulators, such as miRNAs, that can lead to stress tolerance. In this study, we investigated the miRNAs involved in the response of sugarcane to aluminum stress. Four miRNA libraries were generated using sugarcane roots of one tolerant and one sensitive sugarcane cultivar grown under aluminum stress and used to identify the miRNAs involved in the sugarcane aluminum toxicity response. The contrast in field phenotypes of sugarcane cultivars in the field during aluminum stress was reflected in the micro-transcriptome expression profiles. We identified 394 differentially expressed miRNAs in both cultivars, 104 of which were tolerant cultivar-specific, 116 were sensitive cultivar-specific, and 87 of which were common among cultivars. In addition, 52% of differentially expressed miRNAs were upregulated in the tolerant cultivar while the majority of differentially expressed miRNAs in the sensitive cultivar were downregulated. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to validate the expression levels of differentially expressed miRNAs. We also attempted to identify target genes of miRNAs of interest. Our results show that selected differentially expressed miRNAs of aluminum-stressed sugarcane cultivars play roles in signaling, root development, and lateral root formation. These genes thus may be important for aluminum tolerance in sugarcane and could be used in breeding programs to develop tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Gonçalves da Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mateus Rosa-Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Pratibha Kottapalli
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kameswara Rao Kottapalli
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sonia Marli Zingaretti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Zhu CQ, Cao XC, Zhu LF, Hu WJ, Hu AY, Abliz B, Bai ZG, Huang J, Liang QD, Sajid H, Li YF, Wang LP, Jin QY, Zhang JH. Boron reduces cell wall aluminum content in rice (Oryza sativa) roots by decreasing H 2O 2 accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 138:80-90. [PMID: 30852240 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
When boron (B) deficiency and aluminum (Al) toxicity co-exist in acidic soils, crop productivity is limited. In the current study, we found that 3 μM of B pretreatment significantly enhances rice root elongation under Al toxicity conditions. Pretreatment with B significantly decreases the deposition of Al in rice apoplasts, suppresses the synthesis of cell wall pectin, inhibits cell wall pectin methylesterase (PME) activity and its gene expression, and increases the expression of OsSTAR1 and OsSTAR2, which are responsible for reducing the Al content in the cell walls. In addition, B pretreatment significantly increases OsALS1 expression, thereby facilitating the transfer of Al from the cytoplasm to the vacuoles. However, B pretreatment had no effect on Al uptake and citric acid secretion. Pretreatment with B significantly increases the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), thus increasing the elimination rate of H2O2 in rice roots. Co-treatment using B and H2O2 does not increase root growth under Al toxicity conditions; it also improves pectin synthesis, enhances PME activity, and increases Al deposition in root cell walls. However, the co-treatment of B and H2O2 scavenger 4-hydroxy-TEMPO has an opposite effect. The above results indicate that applying B fertilizers in acidic soil can help decrease the side effects of Al toxicity on rice growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiao Chuang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Lian Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wen Jun Hu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - An Yong Hu
- School of Geographic Science, NanTong University, NanTong, 226019, China
| | - Buhailiqem Abliz
- Nuclear Technology Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Zhi Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qing Duo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Hussain Sajid
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ye Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Li Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qian Yu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jun Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Riaz M, Yan L, Wu X, Hussain S, Aziz O, Jiang C. Boron supply maintains efficient antioxidant system, cell wall components and reduces aluminum concentration in roots of trifoliate orange. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 137:93-101. [PMID: 30771565 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity in the acid soils (pH ≤ 5) is the major limiting abiotic factor affecting the productivity of crops. Boron (B) has been reported to alleviate Al toxicity. In spite of recent advances, it is not clear how B relieves Al toxicity. Results demonstrated that Al toxicity hampered the root elongation. Moreover, lumogallion fluorescent molecular probe unequivocally localized mostly bound Al to the periphery of the cell wall (CW) and to the nuclei. Additionally, Al toxicity induced variations in the CW components through the accumulation of pectin and hemicellulose. Nevertheless, B supply reduced callose deposition, increased root growth and reduced changes in the CW components under Al toxicity. Moreover, B supply reduced the un-methylated pectin while increased the degree of methyl esterification of pectin. These results imply that B due to its role in the CW formation could reduce aluminum-induced negative effects on plant growth by attenuating apoplastic Al3+ and changes in the CW components which ultimately results in the improved root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Lei Yan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Omar Aziz
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Cuncang Jiang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
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10
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Ozyigit II, Kaval A, Altundag Cakir E, Vardar F. DNA fingerprinting and assessment of some physiological changes in Al-induced Bryophyllum daigremontianum clones. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2703-2711. [PMID: 30911971 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is one of the most important stress factors that reduce plant productivity in acidic soils. Present work thereby analyzed Al-induced genomic alterations in Bryophyllum daigremontianum clones using RAPD and ISSR markers, and investigated responding changes in photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll a, b, a/b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid) contents and total soluble protein amounts in plant leaves. The main reason for the use of bulbiferous spurs originated clone plants was to increase reliability and acceptability of RAPD and ISSR techniques in DNA fingerprinting. Raised 40 clone plants were divided into five separate groups each with eight individuals and each experimental group was watered with 0 (control), 0 (acid control), 50, 100 and 200 µM AlCl3-containing Hoagland solutions on alternate days for two and a half months. All plant soils except control group were sprayed with 0.2% sulfuric acid following watering days and this contributed acidic characteristic (pH 4.8) to soil structure. Increase in Al concentrations were accompanied by an increase in total soluble protein amounts, a decrease in photosynthetic pigment contents, and with appearance, disappearance and intensity changes at RAPD and ISSR band profiles. Out of tested RAPD1-25 and ISSR1-15 primers, RAPD8, RAPD9, ISSR2 and ISSR7 primers produced reproducible band profiles that were distinguishable between treatment and control groups. Findings showed that RAPD and ISSR fingerprints have been useful biomarkers for investigation of plant genotoxicity, especially in clone plants. Moreover, if these fingerprints are integrated with other physiological parameters they could become more powerful tools in ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ilker Ozyigit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
| | - Ali Kaval
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Ernaz Altundag Cakir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Filiz Vardar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Szurman-Zubrzycka M, Nawrot M, Jelonek J, Dziekanowski M, Kwasniewska J, Szarejko I. ATR, a DNA Damage Signaling Kinase, Is Involved in Aluminum Response in Barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1299. [PMID: 31695712 PMCID: PMC6817586 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad-3-related protein (ATR) is a DNA damage signaling kinase required for the monitoring of DNA integrity. Together with ATM and SOG1, it is a key player in the transcriptional regulation of DNA damage response (DDR) genes in plants. In this study, we describe the role of ATR in the DDR pathway in barley and the function of the HvATR gene in response to DNA damages induced by aluminum toxicity. Aluminum is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust. It becomes highly phytotoxic in acidic soils, which comprise more than 50% of arable lands worldwide. At low pH, Al is known to be a genotoxic agent causing DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. We present barley mutants, hvatr.g and hvatr.i, developed by TILLING strategy. The hvatr.g mutant carries a G6054A missense mutation in the ATR gene, leading to the substitution of a highly conserved amino acid in the protein (G1015S). The hvatr.g mutant showed the impaired DDR pathway. It accumulated DNA damages in the nuclei of root meristem cells when grown in control conditions. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) analysis revealed that 60% of mutant nuclei possessed DNA nicks and breaks, whereas in the wild type only 2% of the nuclei were TUNEL-positive. The high frequency of DNA damages did not lead to the inhibition of the cell cycle progression, but the mutant showed an increased number of cells in the G2/M phase. In response to treatments with different Al doses, hvatr.g showed a high level of tolerance. The retention of root growth, which is the most evident symptom of Al toxicity, was not observed in the mutant, as it was in its parent variety. Furthermore, Al treatment increased the level of DNA damages, but did not affect the mitotic activity and the cell cycle profile in the hvatr.g mutant. A similar phenotype was observed for the hvatr.i mutant, carrying another missense mutation leading to G903E substitution in the HvATR protein. Our results demonstrate that the impaired mechanism of DNA damage response may lead to aluminum tolerance. They shed a new light on the role of the ATR-dependent DDR pathway in an agronomically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Szurman-Zubrzycka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Nawrot
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Janusz Jelonek
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mariusz Dziekanowski
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kwasniewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- *Correspondence: Iwona Szarejko,
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12
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Riaz M, Yan L, Wu X, Hussain S, Aziz O, Jiang C. Boron increases root elongation by reducing aluminum induced disorganized distribution of HG epitopes and alterations in subcellular cell wall structure of trifoliate orange roots. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:202-210. [PMID: 30196002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum toxicity limits the plant growth by inducing inhibition of root elongation. Although several mechanisms have been proposed regarding the phytotoxic effects of aluminum on inhibition of root elongation; the primary causes of aluminum induced root inhibition and its mitigation by boron (B) are still elusive. The present study was carried out to explore the mechanisms of B induced mitigation of aluminum toxicity and to investigate the changes in well wall structure under aluminum toxicity coupled with the techniques of confocal laser microscope, lumogallion and transmission electron microscope. The results revealed that aluminum toxicity severely hampered the root elongation and plant biomass. Moreover, alteration in subcellular structure were observed under aluminum toxicity, however, such negative effects were further exacerbated with B deficiency. Aluminum toxicity indicated disorganized distribution of HG (homogalacturonan) epitopes with higher accumulation of apoplastic aluminum. Nevertheless, B supply improved root elongation, and reduced the aluminum uptake. Taken together, it is concluded that B application can reduce aluminum toxicity and improve root elongation by decreasing Al3+ accumulation to cell wall, alteration in the cell wall structure and reducing the distribution of HG epitopes in the roots of trifoliate (Poncirus trifoliate) orange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Lei Yan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Omar Aziz
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Cuncang Jiang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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13
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Shardlow E, Mold M, Exley C. Unraveling the enigma: elucidating the relationship between the physicochemical properties of aluminium-based adjuvants and their immunological mechanisms of action. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 14:80. [PMID: 30455719 PMCID: PMC6223008 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium salts are by far the most commonly used adjuvants in vaccines. There are only two aluminium salts which are used in clinically-approved vaccines, Alhydrogel® and AdjuPhos®, while the novel aluminium adjuvant used in Gardasil® is a sulphated version of the latter. We have investigated the physicochemical properties of these two aluminium adjuvants and specifically in milieus approximating to both vaccine vehicles and the composition of injection sites. Additionally we have used a monocytic cell line to establish the relationship between their physicochemical properties and their internalisation and cytotoxicity. We emphasise that aluminium adjuvants used in clinically approved vaccines are chemically and biologically dissimilar with concomitantly potentially distinct roles in vaccine-related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Shardlow
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Matthew Mold
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
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14
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Sujkowska-Rybkowska M, Znojek E. Localization of calreticulin and calcium ions in mycorrhizal roots of Medicago truncatula in response to aluminum stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 229:22-31. [PMID: 30025219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity limits growth and symbiotic interactions of plants. Calcium plays essential roles in abiotic stresses and legume-Rhizobium symbiosis, but the sites and mechanism of Ca2+ mobilization during mycorrhizae have not been analyzed. In this study, the changes of cytoplasmic Ca2+ and calreticulin (CRT) in Medicago truncatula mycorrhizal (MR) and non-mycorrizal (NM) roots under short Al stress [50 μM AlCl3 pH 4.3 for 3 h] were analyzed. Free Ca2+ ions were detected cytochemically by their reaction with potassium pyroantimonate and anti-CRT antibody was used to locate this protein in Medicago roots by immunocytochemical methods. In MR and NM roots, Al induced accumulation of CRT and free Ca2+. Similar calcium and CRT distribution in the MR were found at the surface of fungal structures (arbuscules and intercellular hyphae), cell wall and in plasmodesmata, and in plant and fungal intracellular compartments. Additionally, degenerated arbuscules were associated with intense Ca2+ and CRT accumulation. In NM roots, Ca2+ and CRT epitopes were observed in the stele, near wall of cortex and endodermis. The present study provides new insight into Ca2+ storage and mobilization in mycorrhizae symbiosis. The colocalization of CRT and Ca2+ suggests that CRT is essential for calcium mobilization for normal mycorrhiza development and response to Al stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Sujkowska-Rybkowska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Znojek
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Jaskowiak J, Tkaczyk O, Slota M, Kwasniewska J, Szarejko I. Analysis of aluminum toxicity in Hordeum vulgare roots with an emphasis on DNA integrity and cell cycle. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193156. [PMID: 29466444 PMCID: PMC5821363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Barley is one of the cereals that are most sensitive to aluminum (Al). Al in acid soils limits barley growth and development and, as a result, its productivity. The inhibition of root growth is a widely accepted indicator of Al stress. Al toxicity is affected by many factors including the culture medium, pH, Al concentration and the duration of the treatment. However, Al can act differently in different species and still Al toxicity in barley deserves study. Since the mechanism of Al toxicity is discussed we cytogenetically describe the effects of different doses of bioavailable Al on the barley nuclear genome-mitotic activity, cell cycle profile and DNA integrity. At the same time, we tested an established deep-water culture (DWC) hydroponics system and analyzed the effects of Al on the root system parameters using WinRHIZO software. We demonstrated the cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of Al in barley root cells. We showed that Al treatment significantly reduced the mitotic activity of the root tip cells and it also induced micronuclei and damaged nuclei. The DNA-damaging effect of Al was observed using the TUNEL test. We define the inhibitory influence of Al on DNA replication in barley. Analysis with the labelling and detection of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridin (EdU) showed that the treatment with Al significantly decreased the frequency of S phase cells. We also demonstrated that Al exposure led to changes in the cell cycle profile of barley root tips. The delay of cell divisions observed as increased frequency of cells in G2/M phase after Al treatment was reported using flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jaskowiak
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Oliver Tkaczyk
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michal Slota
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kwasniewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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16
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Sujkowska-Rybkowska M, Czarnocka W, Sańko-Sawczenko I, Witoń D. Effect of short-term aluminum stress and mycorrhizal inoculation on nitric oxide metabolism in Medicago truncatula roots. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 220:145-154. [PMID: 29179082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity can induce oxidative and nitrosative stress, which limits growth and yield of crop plants. Nevertheless, plant tolerance to stress may be improved by symbiotic associations including arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule involved in physiological processes and plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, almost no information about the NO metabolism has been gathered about AM. In the present work, Medicago truncatula seedlings were inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis, and 7-week-old plants were treated with 50μM AlCl3 for 3h. Cytochemical and molecular techniques were used to measure the components of the NO metabolism, including NO content and localization, expression of genes encoding NO-synthesis (MtNR1, MtNR2 and MtNIR1) and NO-scavenging (MtGSNOR1, MtGSNOR2, MtHB1 and MtHB2) enzymes and the profile of protein tyrosine nitration (NO2-Tyr) in Medicago roots. For the first time, NO and NO2-Tyr accumulation was connected with fungal structures (arbuscules, vesicles and intercellular hyphae). Expression analysis of genes encoding NO-synthesis enzymes indicated that AM symbiosis results in lower production of NO in Al-treated roots in comparison to non-mycorrhizal roots. Elevated levels of transcription of genes encoding NO-scavenging enzymes indicated more active NO scavenging in AMF-inoculated Al-treated roots compared to non-inoculated roots. These results were confirmed by less NO accumulation and lower protein nitration in Al-stressed mycorrhizal roots in comparison to non-mycorrhizal roots. This study provides a new insight in NO metabolism in response to arbuscular mycorrhiza under normal and metal stress conditions. Our results suggest that mycorrhizal fungi decrease NO and tyrosine nitrated proteins content in Al-treated Medicago roots, probably via active NO scavenging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Sujkowska-Rybkowska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Sańko-Sawczenko
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Witoń
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Zhang Y, Guo J, Chen M, Li L, Wang L, Huang CF. The Cell Cycle Checkpoint Regulator ATR Is Required for Internal Aluminum Toxicity-Mediated Root Growth Inhibition in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:118. [PMID: 29491872 PMCID: PMC5817422 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) can target multiple sites of root cells for toxicity, including the cell wall, the plasma membrane and symplastic components. Previous work revealed that the cell cycle checkpoint regulator (ATR) Ataxia Telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related is required for Al toxicity-induced root growth inhibition in als3 and that the symplastic component DNA is an important target site of Al for the toxicity. However, whether monitoring DNA integrity through ATR-regulated pathway is required for Al-induced root growth inhibition in other Al-sensitive mutants remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the atr mutation could also rescue the Al hypersensitivity and Al-induced cell cycle arrest in star1, which supports the hypothesis that ALS3 and STAR1 function together to be involved in the detoxification of Al in Arabidopsis. However, mutation of ATR could not rescue the Al-sensitive phenotype of almt1 or stop1, both of which are defective in external detoxification mechanisms of Al. We further showed that the Al hypersensitivity and Al-induced quiescent center (QC) differentiation in als1 could also be rescued by the atr mutation. Therefore, our results suggest that ATR-regulated pathway is involved in the modulation of internal Al toxicity-mediated root growth inhibition in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinliang Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lun Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Chao-Feng Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Chao-Feng Huang,
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18
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Abel S. Phosphate scouting by root tips. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 39:168-177. [PMID: 28527590 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chemistry assigns phosphate (Pi) dominant roles in metabolism; however, it also renders the macronutrient a genuinely limiting factor of plant productivity. Pi bioavailability is restricted by low Pi mobility in soil and antagonized by metallic toxicities, which force roots to actively seek and selectively acquire the vital element. During the past few years, a first conceptual outline has emerged of the sensory mechanisms at root tips, which monitor external Pi and transmit the edaphic cue to inform root development. This review highlights new aspects of the Pi acquisition strategy of Arabidopsis roots, as well as a framework of local Pi sensing in the context of antagonistic interactions between Pi and its major associated metallic cations, Fe3+ and Al3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Abel
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany; Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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19
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Siecińska J, Nosalewicz A. Aluminium Toxicity to Plants as Influenced by the Properties of the Root Growth Environment Affected by Other Co-Stressors: A Review. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 243:1-26. [PMID: 28005214 DOI: 10.1007/398_2016_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium toxicity to crops depends on the acidity of the soil and specific plant resistance. However, it is also strongly affected by other environmental factors that have to be considered to properly evaluate the resultant effects on plants. Observed weather perturbations and predicted climate changes will increase the probability of co-occurrence of aluminium toxicity and other abiotic stresses.In this review the mechanisms of plant-aluminium interactions are shown to be influenced by soil mineral nutrients, heavy metals, organic matter, oxidative stress and drought. Described effects of aluminium toxicity include: root growth inhibition, reduction in the uptake of mineral nutrients resulting from the inhibition of transport processes through ion channels; epigenetic changes to DNA resulting in gene silencing. Complex processes occurring in the rhizosphere are highlighted, including the role of soil organic matter and aluminium detoxification by mucilage.There is a considerable research gap in the understanding of root growth in the soil environment in the presence of toxic aluminium concentrations as affected by interactions with abiotic stressors. This knowledge is important for the selection of feasible methods aimed at the reduction of negative consequences of crop production in acidic soils affected by adverse growth environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Siecińska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Nosalewicz
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland.
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20
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Kopittke PM, Menzies NW, Wang P, Blamey FPC. Kinetics and nature of aluminium rhizotoxic effects: a review. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4451-67. [PMID: 27302129 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Acid soils with elevated levels of soluble aluminium (Al) comprise ~40% of the world's arable land, but there remains much uncertainty regarding the mechanisms by which Al is rhizotoxic. This review examines the kinetics of the toxic effects of Al on the root elongation rate (RER), its effects on root tissues, and its location at a subcellular level. Depending upon the concentration and plant species, soluble Al decreases the RER in a median time of 73min, but in as little as 5min in soybean. This is initially due to a decreased rate at which cells expand anisotropically in the elongation zone. Thereafter, rhizodermal and outer cortical cells rupture through decreased cell wall relaxation. It is in this region where most Al accumulates in the apoplast. Subsequently, Al impacts root growth at a subcellular level through adverse effects on the plasma membrane (PM), cytoplasm, and nucleus. At the PM, Al alters permeability, fluidity, and integrity in as little as 0.5h, whilst it also depolarizes the PM and reduces H(+)-ATPase activity. The Al potentially crosses the PM within 0.5h where it is able to bind to the nucleus and inhibit cell division; sequestration within the vacuole is required to reduce the toxic effects of Al within the cytoplasm. This review demonstrates the increasing evidence of the importance of the initial Al-induced inhibition of wall loosening, but there is evidence also of the deleterious effects of Al on other cellular processes which are important for long-term root growth and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Kopittke
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Neal W Menzies
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peng Wang
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - F Pax C Blamey
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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21
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Sade H, Meriga B, Surapu V, Gadi J, Sunita MSL, Suravajhala P, Kavi Kishor PB. Toxicity and tolerance of aluminum in plants: tailoring plants to suit to acid soils. Biometals 2016; 29:187-210. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Sebastian A, Prasad MNV. Iron- and manganese-assisted cadmium tolerance in Oryza sativa L.: lowering of rhizotoxicity next to functional photosynthesis. PLANTA 2015; 241:1519-28. [PMID: 25805339 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium toxicity is alleviated by iron and manganese supplements because of reduction in cadmium accumulation and upholding of redox regulation that prevent cadmium-inducible damage to root growth and photosynthesis. Cadmium toxicity in Oryza sativa L. MTU 7029 was investigated in the presence of different concentrations of the micronutrients Fe and Mn. It had been observed that these micronutrients reduce Cd uptake and minimize Cd-inducible rhizotoxicity. The photosynthetic electron transport chain, which is the hub of Fe containing metalloproteins, was severely affected by Cd and resulted in reduced bioproductivity under Cd stress. However, exogenous Fe restored the photosynthetic electron transport. Thus, due to the maintenance of the photosynthetic electron transport, the Cd tolerance was improved during Fe supplement. Both antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidant metabolites were found to play important roles in the alleviation of Cd stress under Fe or Mn supplement. It is concluded that the presence of excess Fe and Mn protects rice plants from Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abin Sebastian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
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23
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Mile I, Svensson A, Darabi A, Mold M, Siesjö P, Eriksson H. Al adjuvants can be tracked in viable cells by lumogallion staining. J Immunol Methods 2015; 422:87-94. [PMID: 25896212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism behind the adjuvant effect of aluminum salts is poorly understood notwithstanding that aluminum salts have been used for decades in clinical vaccines. In an aqueous environment and at a nearly neutral pH, the aluminum salts form particulate aggregates, and one plausible explanation of the lack of information regarding the mechanisms could be the absence of an efficient method of tracking phagocytosed aluminum adjuvants and thereby the intracellular location of the adjuvant. In this paper, we want to report upon the use of lumogallion staining enabling the detection of phagocytosed aluminum adjuvants inside viable cells. Including micromolar concentrations of lumogallion in the culture medium resulted in a strong fluorescence signal from cells that had phagocytosed the aluminum adjuvant. The fluorescence appeared as spots in the cytoplasm and by confocal microscopy and co-staining with probes presenting fluorescence in the far-red region of the spectrum, aluminum adjuvants could to a certain extent be identified as localized in acidic vesicles, i.e., lysosomes. Staining and detection of intracellular aluminum adjuvants was achieved not only by diffusion of lumogallion into the cytoplasm, thereby highlighting the presence of the adjuvant, but also by pre-staining the aluminum adjuvant prior to incubation with cells. Pre-staining of aluminum adjuvants resulted in bright fluorescent particulate aggregates that remained fluorescent for weeks and with only a minor reduction of fluorescence upon extensive washing or incubation with cells. Both aluminum oxyhydroxide and aluminum hydroxyphosphate, two of the most commonly used aluminum adjuvants in clinical vaccines, could be pre-stained with lumogallion and were easily tracked intracellularly after incubation with phagocytosing cells. Staining of viable cells using lumogallion will be a useful method in investigations of the mechanisms behind aluminum adjuvants' differentiation of antigen-presenting cells into inflammatory cells. Information will be gained regarding the phagosomal pathways and the events inside the phagosomes, and thereby the ultimate fate of phagocytosed aluminum adjuvants could be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Mile
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö SE-205 06, Sweden
| | - Andreas Svensson
- Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC B10, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Darabi
- Glioma Immunotherapy Group, Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Kampradbuilding barngatan 2b, Lund University, Lund SE-22185, Sweden
| | - Matthew Mold
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories, The Birchall Centre, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Peter Siesjö
- Glioma Immunotherapy Group, Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Kampradbuilding barngatan 2b, Lund University, Lund SE-22185, Sweden
| | - Håkan Eriksson
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö SE-205 06, Sweden.
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Matsumoto H, Riechers DE, Lygin AV, Baluška F, Sivaguru M. Aluminum Signaling and Potential Links with Safener-Induced Detoxification in Plants. ALUMINUM STRESS ADAPTATION IN PLANTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19968-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Specificity of Ion Uptake and Homeostasis Maintenance During Acid and Aluminium Stresses. ALUMINUM STRESS ADAPTATION IN PLANTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19968-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Unequivocal identification of intracellular aluminium adjuvant in a monocytic THP-1 cell line. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6287. [PMID: 25190321 PMCID: PMC4155332 DOI: 10.1038/srep06287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminium-based adjuvants (ABA) are the predominant adjuvants used in human vaccinations. While a consensus is yet to be reached on the aetiology of the biological activities of ABA several studies have identified shape, crystallinity and size as critical factors affecting their adjuvanticity. In spite of recent advances, the fate of ABA following their administration remains unclear. Few if any studies have demonstrated the unequivocal presence of intracellular ABA. Herein we demonstrate for the first time the unequivocal identification of ABA within a monocytic T helper 1 (THP-1) cell line, using lumogallion as a fluorescent molecular probe for aluminium. Use of these new methods revealed that particulate ABA was only found in the cell cytoplasm. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that ABA were contained within vesicle-like structures of approximately 0.5-1 μm in diameter.
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Palmieri MJ, Luber J, Andrade-Vieira LF, Davide LC. Cytotoxic and phytotoxic effects of the main chemical components of spent pot-liner: a comparative approach. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 763:30-5. [PMID: 24561381 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Spent pot-liner (SPL) is a hazardous solid waste produced by the aluminum industry. Although its composition may vary, fluoride and cyanide salts as well as aluminum are predominant components. A seed-germination and root-elongation test was performed with Lactuca sativa seeds as a test system. SPL induced decrease of seed germination rate and root elongation. The concentration of 26.5g/L SPL was established from a regression curve as the IC50 (inhibition concentration 50%). Through chemical analyses, the concentrations of fluoride, cyanide and aluminum in SPL solutions of 26.5g/L (IC50), 39.75g/L (1.5IC50) and 13.25g/L (0.5IC50) were determined. Further, a cell-cycle test was conducted with root tips of L. sativa exposed to these same SPL solutions. All test chemicals presented toxic effects on meristematic cells of L. sativa. Aluminum was identified as the SPL component mainly responsible for reduction of the mitotic index. Chromosomal alterations resulted from the interactions among the three main chemical components of SPL, without a clear predominantly responsible agent. Induction of condensed nuclei was mainly due to effects of aluminum and fluoride, and may serve as an indicator of induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel José Palmieri
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), ZIP Code: 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Jaquelini Luber
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Lisete Chamma Davide
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), ZIP Code: 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
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Uptake and subcellular partitioning of trivalent metals in a green alga: comparison between Al and Sc. Biometals 2013; 26:989-1001. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-013-9675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Structural changes in M edicago truncatula root nodules caused by short-term aluminum stress. Symbiosis 2013; 58:161-170. [PMID: 23482822 PMCID: PMC3589631 DOI: 10.1007/s13199-012-0211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum in the form of Al3+ is one of the most toxic heavy metal pollutants in nature and its effects are primarily root-related. Roots of Medicago truncatula exposed to 50 μM of AlCl3 for 2 h and 24 h were examined by light and electron microscopy. Changes in the appearance of the host cells, infection threads and bacteroidal tissue occurred during the first 2 h of Al stress. Microscopic observations showed that aluminum: (1) induced thickening of plant cell and infection threads (ITs) walls, (2) stimulated IT enlargement, (3) caused disturbances in bacterial release from the ITs, (4) modified cell vacuolation and induced synthesis of granular material and its deposition in the cytoplasm, (5) and caused structural alterations of organella and bacteroids.
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Achary VMM, Parinandi NL, Panda BB. Calcium channel blockers protect against aluminium-induced DNA damage and block adaptive response to genotoxic stress in plant cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 751:130-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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31
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Grevenstuk T, Romano A. Aluminium speciation and internal detoxification mechanisms in plants: where do we stand? Metallomics 2013; 5:1584-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00232b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gupta N, Gaurav SS, Kumar A. Molecular Basis of Aluminium Toxicity in Plants: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2013.412a3004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is the third most abundant metallic element in soil but becomes available to plants only when the soil pH drops below 5.5. At those conditions, plants present several signals of Al toxicity. As reported by literature, major consequences of Al exposure are the decrease of plant production and the inhibition of root growth. The root growth inhibition may be directly/indirectly responsible for the loss of plant production. In this paper the most remarkable symptoms of Al toxicity in plants and the latest findings in this area are addressed. Root growth inhibition, ROS production, alterations on root cell wall and plasma membrane, nutrient unbalances, callose accumulation, and disturbance of cytoplasmic Ca2+ homeostasis, among other signals of Al toxicity are discussed, and, when possible, the behavior of Al-tolerant versus Al-sensitive genotypes under Al is compared.
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Silva S, Rodriguez E, Pinto-Carnide O, Martins-Lopes P, Matos M, Guedes-Pinto H, Santos C. Zonal responses of sensitive vs. tolerant wheat roots during Al exposure and recovery. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:760-769. [PMID: 22459322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) irreversibly inhibits root growth in sensitive, but not in some tolerant genotypes. To better understand tolerance mechanisms, seedlings from tolerant ('Barbela 7/72' line) and sensitive ('Anahuac') Triticum aestivum L. genotypes were exposed to AlCl(3) 185 μM for: (a) 24 h followed by 48 h without Al (recovery); (b) 72 h of continuous exposure. Three root zones were analyzed (meristematic (MZ), elongation (EZ) and hairy (HZ)) for callose deposition, reserves (starch and lipids) accumulation, endodermis differentiation and tissue architecture. Putative Al-induced genotoxic or cytostatic/mytogenic effects were assessed by flow cytometry in root apices. Tolerant plants accumulated less Al, presented less root damage and a less generalized callose distribution than sensitive ones. Starch and lipid reserves remained constant in tolerant roots but drastically decreased in sensitive ones. Al induced different profiles of endodermis differentiation: differentiation was promoted in EZ and HZ, respectively, in sensitive and tolerant genotypes. No ploidy changes or clastogenicity were observed. However, differences in cell cycle blockage profiles were detected, being less severe in tolerant roots. After Al removal, only the 'Barbela 7/72' line reversed Al-induced effects to values closer to the control, mostly with respect to callose deposition and cell cycle progression. We demonstrate for the first time that: (a) cell cycle progression is differently regulated by Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive genotypes; (b) Al induces callose deposition >3 cm above root apex (in HZ); (c) callose deposition is a transient Al-induced effect in tolerant plants; and (d) in HZ, endodermis differentiation is also stimulated only in tolerant plants, probably functioning in tolerant genotypes as a protective mechanism in addition to callose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Silva
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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35
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Vardar F, Ismailoğlu I, Inan D, Unal M. Determination of stress responses induced by aluminum in maize (Zea mays). ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2011; 62:156-70. [PMID: 21555268 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.62.2011.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To assess the alternative responses to aluminum toxicity, maize (Zea mays L. cv Karadeniz yıldızı) roots were exposed to different concentrations of AlCl3 (150, 300 and 450 μM). Aluminum reduced the root elongation by 39.6% in 150 μM, 44.1% in 300 μM, 50.1% in 450 μM AlCl3 after 96 h period. To correlate the root elongation with the alternative stress responses including aluminum accumulation, lipid peroxidation, mitotic abnormalities, reduction of starch content, intracellular Ca2+ accumulation, callose formation, lignin deposition and peroxidase activity, cytochemical and biochemical tests were performed. The results indicated that aluminum accumulation and lipid peroxidation were observed more densely on the root cap and the outer cortex cells. In addition to morphological deformations, cytochemical analysis displayed cellular deformations. Furthermore, mitotic abnormalities were observed such as c-mitosis, micronuclei, bi- and trinucleated cells in aluminum treated root tips. Aluminum treatment induced starch reduction, callose formation, lignin accumulation and intracellular Ca2+ increase. Moreover, the peroxidase activity increased significantly by 3, 4.4 and 7.7 times higher than in that of control after 96 h, respectively. In conclusion, aluminum is significantly stressful in maize culminating in morphological and cellular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Vardar
- Department of Biology, Marmara University, Göztepe, İstanbul Turkey.
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Bose J, Babourina O, Rengel Z. Role of magnesium in alleviation of aluminium toxicity in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:2251-64. [PMID: 21273333 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium is pivotal for activating a large number of enzymes; hence, magnesium plays an important role in numerous physiological and biochemical processes affecting plant growth and development. Magnesium can also ameliorate aluminium phytotoxicity, but literature reports on the dynamics of magnesium homeostasis upon exposure to aluminium are rare. Herein existing knowledge on the magnesium transport mechanisms and homeostasis maintenance in plant cells is critically reviewed. Even though overexpression of magnesium transporters can alleviate aluminium toxicity in plants, the mechanisms governing such alleviation remain obscure. Possible magnesium-dependent mechanisms include (i) better carbon partitioning from shoots to roots; (ii) increased synthesis and exudation of organic acid anions; (iii) enhanced acid phosphatase activity; (iv) maintenance of proton-ATPase activity and cytoplasmic pH regulation; (v) protection against an aluminium-induced cytosolic calcium increase; and (vi) protection against reactive oxygen species. Future research should concentrate on assessing aluminium toxicity and tolerance in plants with overexpressed or antisense magnesium transporters to increase understanding of the aluminium-magnesium interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Bose
- School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
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Duressa D, Soliman K, Taylor R, Senwo Z. Proteomic Analysis of Soybean Roots under Aluminum Stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT GENOMICS 2011; 2011:282531. [PMID: 21577316 PMCID: PMC3092509 DOI: 10.1155/2011/282531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Toxic levels of aluminum (Al) in acid soils inhibit root growth and cause substantial reduction in yields of Al-sensitive crops. Aluminum-tolerant cultivars detoxify Al through multiple mechanisms that are currently not well understood at genetic and molecular levels. To enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in soybean Al tolerance and toxicity, we conducted proteomic analysis of soybean roots under Al stress using a tandem combination of 2-D-DIGE, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics tools and Al-tolerant (PI 416937) and Al-sensitive (Young) soybean genotypes at 6, 51 or 72 h of Al treatment. Comparison of the protein profile changes revealed that aluminum induced Al tolerance related proteins and enzymes in Al-tolerant PI 416937 but evoked proteins related to general stress response in Al-sensitive Young. Specifically, Al upregulated: malate dehydrogenase, enolase, malate oxidoreductase, and pyruvate dehydrogenase, in PI 416937 but not in Young. These enzymes contribute to increased synthesis of citrate, a key organic acid involved in Al detoxification. We postulate that simultaneous transgenic overexpression of several of these enzymes would be a robust genetic engineering strategy for developing Al-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechassa Duressa
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762, USA
| | - Khairy Soliman
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762, USA
| | - Robert Taylor
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762, USA
| | - Zachary Senwo
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762, USA
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Duressa D, Soliman KM, Taylor RW, Chen D. Gene expression profiling in soybean under aluminum stress: genes differentially expressed between Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive genotypes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/ajmb.2011.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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39
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Al toxicity leads to enhanced cell division and changed photosynthesis in Oryza rufipogon L. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4839-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Duressa D, Soliman KM, Chen D. Mechanisms of magnesium amelioration of aluminum toxicity in soybean at the gene expression level. Genome 2010; 53:787-97. [PMID: 20962885 DOI: 10.1139/g10-069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Micromolar concentration of magnesium (Mg) in culture solution is known to ameliorate aluminum (Al) toxicity in soybean and other leguminous species. To advance the understanding of this phenomenon at the level of gene expression in soybean, we undertook a comparative transcriptome analysis using DNA microarrays and Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive genotypes treated with Al ions alone or Al plus Mg ions. We observed a more rapid alteration of transcription for Al-tolerant than Al-sensitive soybean after introduction of Mg into Al-containing medium, but at 72 h, far more genes were altered (both upregulated and downregulated) in the Al-sensitive line, reflecting the known greater saving effect of Mg for Al-sensitive than Al-tolerant lines. Mg appears to ameliorate Al toxicity in the sensitive genotype by the dual mechanisms of (i) specifically increasing the expression level of several genes that are upregulated in the Al-treated, Al-tolerant genotype in the absence of Mg and (ii) possibly saving energy by decreasing expression of most genes relative to expression under Al stress. Mg-mediated reduction in gene expression also appears to be an important mechanism of Mg protection of the Al-tolerant genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechassa Duressa
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762, USA
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41
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Duressa D, Soliman K, Chen D. Identification of Aluminum Responsive Genes in Al-Tolerant Soybean Line PI 416937. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT GENOMICS 2010; 2010:164862. [PMID: 20953355 PMCID: PMC2952814 DOI: 10.1155/2010/164862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is one of the most aluminum (Al) sensitive plants. The complex inheritance of Al tolerance trait has so far undermined breeding efforts to develop Al-tolerant soybeans. Discovering the genetic factors underlying the Al tolerance mechanisms would undoubtedly accelerate the pace of such endeavor. As a first step toward this goal, we analyzed the transcriptome profile in roots of Al-tolerant soybean line PI 416937 comparing Al-treated and untreated control plants using DNA microarrays. Many genes involved in transcription activation, stress response, cell metabolism and signaling were differentially expressed. Patterns of gene expression and mechanisms of Al toxicity and tolerance suggest that Cys2His2 and ADR6 transcription activators, cell wall modifying enzymes, and phytosulfokines growth factor play role in soybean Al tolerance. Our data provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of soybean Al tolerance and will have practical value in genetic improvement of Al tolerance trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechassa Duressa
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762, USA
- *Dechassa Duressa:
| | - Khairy Soliman
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762, USA
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-3300, USA
- School of Medicine, Clinical and Translational Institute, West Virginia University, HSC-RM-5523, Morgantown, WV 26506-9161, USA
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Djalovic I, Maksimovic I, Kastori R, Jelic M. Mechanisms of adaptation of small grains to soil acidity. ZBORNIK MATICE SRPSKE ZA PRIRODNE NAUKE 2010. [DOI: 10.2298/zmspn1018107d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid soils limit crop production on 30-40% of the world's arable land and up to 70% of the world's potentially arable land. Over 60% of the total arable lands in Serbia are acid soils. Soil acidity is determined by hydrogen (H+) in soil solution and it is influenced by edaphic, climatic, and biological factors. Major constraints for plant growth on acid mineral soils are toxic concentrations of mineral elements like Al of H+ and/or low mineral nutrient availability due to low solubility (e.g. P and Mo) or low reserves and impaired uptake (e.g. Mg2+) at high H+ concentrations. Aluminum (Al) toxicity is primary factor limiting crop production on acid soils. This review examines our current understanding of mechanisms of Al-toxicity, as well as the physiological and genetic basis for Al-toxicity and tolerance. Inhibition of root growth by Al leads to more shallow root systems, which may affect the capacity for mineral nutrient acquisition and increase the risk of drought stress. Of the two principal strategies (tolerance and avoidance) of plants for adaptation to adverse soil conditions, the strategy of avoidance is more common for adaptation to acid mineral soils. At the same, the short view of the most important genetics tolerance mechanisms, developed and determined in some small grains genotypes, is showed as well.
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Ramírez-Benítez JE, Hernández-Sotomayor ST, Muñoz-Sánchez JA. The location of aluminium in protoplasts and suspension cells taken from Coffea arabica L. with different tolerance of Al. J Inorg Biochem 2009; 103:1491-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Li YY, Yang JL, Zhang YJ, Zheng SJ. Disorganized distribution of homogalacturonan epitopes in cell walls as one possible mechanism for aluminium-induced root growth inhibition in maize. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2009; 104:235-41. [PMID: 19483201 PMCID: PMC2710910 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Aluminium (Al) toxicity is one of the most severe limitations to crop production in acid soils. Inhibition of root elongation is the primary symptom of Al toxicity. However, the underlying basis of the process is unclear. Considering the multiple physiological and biochemical functions of pectin in plants, possible involvement of homogalacturonan (HG), one of the pectic polysaccharide domains, was examined in connection with root growth inhibition induced by Al. METHODS An immunolabelling technique with antibodies specific to HG epitopes (JIM5, unesterified residues flanked by methylesterifed residues; JIM7, methyl-esterified residues flanked by unesterified residues) was used to visualize the distribution of different types of HG in cell walls of root apices of two maize cultivars differing in Al resistance. KEY RESULTS In the absence of Al, the JIM5 epitope was present around the cell wall with higher fluorescence intensity at cell corners lining the intercellular spaces, and the JIM7 epitope was present throughout the cell wall. However, treatment with 50 microm Al for 3 h produced 10 % root growth inhibition in both cultivars and caused the disappearance of fluorescence in the middle lamella of both epitopes. Prolonged Al treatment (24 h) with 50 % root growth inhibition in 'B73', an Al-sensitive cultivar, resulted in faint and irregular distribution of both epitopes. In 'Nongda3138', an Al-resistant cultivar, the distribution of HG epitopes was also restricted to the lining of intercellular spaces when a 50 % inhibition to root growth was induced by Al (100 microm Al, 9 h). Altered distribution of both epitopes was also observed when of roots were exposed to 50 microm LaCl(3) for 24 h, resulting in 40 % inhibition of root growth. CONCLUSIONS Changes in HG distribution and root growth inhibition were highly correlated, indicating that Al-induced perturbed distribution of HG epitopes is possibly involved in Al-induced inhibition of root growth in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Ying Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Jian Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Panda SK, Baluska F, Matsumoto H. Aluminum stress signaling in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2009; 4:592-7. [PMID: 19820334 PMCID: PMC2710549 DOI: 10.4161/psb.4.7.8903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major constraint for crop production in acidic soil worldwide. When the soil pH is lower than 5, Al(3+) is released to the soil and enters into root tip cell ceases root development of plant. In acid soil with high mineral content, Al is the major cause of phytotoxicity. The target of Al toxicity is the root tip, in which Al exposure causes inhibition of cell elongation and cell division, leading to root stunting accompanied by reduced water and nutrient uptake. A variety of genes have been identified that are induced or repressed upon Al exposure. At tissue level, the distal part of the transition zone is the most sensitive to Al. At cellular and molecular level, many cell components are implicated in the Al toxicity including DNA in nucleus, numerous cytoplastic compounds, mitochondria, the plasma membrane and the cell wall. Although it is difficult to distinguish the primary targets from the secondary effects so far, understanding of the target sites of the Al toxicity is helpful for elucidating the mechanisms by which Al exerts its deleterious effects on root growth. To develop high tolerance against Al stress is the major goal of plant sciences. This review examines our current understanding of the Al signaling with the physiological, genetic and molecular approaches to improve the crop performance under the Al toxicity. New discoveries will open up new avenues of molecular/physiological inquiry that should greatly advance our understanding of Al tolerance mechanisms. Additionally, these breakthroughs will provide new molecular resources for improving the crop Al tolerance via molecular-assisted breeding and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Kumar Panda
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Assam (Central) University, Silchar, India.
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46
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Babourina O, Rengel Z. Uptake of aluminium into Arabidopsis root cells measured by fluorescent lifetime imaging. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2009; 104:189-95. [PMID: 19401291 PMCID: PMC2706735 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Measuring the Al(3+) uptake rate across the plasma membrane of intact root cells is crucial for understanding the mechanisms and time-course of Al toxicity in plants. However, a reliable method with the sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to estimate Al(3+) uptake in intact root cells does not exist. METHODS In the current study, fluorescent lifetime imaging (FLIM) analysis was used to quantify Al(3+) uptake in the root-cell cytoplasm in vivo. This was performed via the estimation of the fluorescence lifetime of Al-lumogallion {5-chloro-3[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)azo]-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid} complexes and measurements of intracellular pH while exposing arabidopsis seedlings to acidic and Al(3+) stresses. KEY RESULTS The lifetime of Al-lumogallion complexes fluorescence is pH-dependent. The primary sites for Al(3+) entry are the meristem and distal elongation zones, while Al(3+) uptake via the cortex and epidermis of the mature root zone is limited. The maximum rates of Al uptake into the cytoplasm (2-3 micromol m(-3) min(-1) for the meristematic root zone and 3-7 micromol m(-3) min(-1) for the mature zone) were observed after a 30-min exposure to 100 microM AlCl(3) (pH 4.2). Intracellular Al concentration increased to 0.4 microM Al within the first 3 h of exposure to 100 microM AlCl(3). CONCLUSIONS FLIM analysis of the fluorescence of Al-lumogallion complexes can be used to reliably quantify Al uptake in the cytoplasm of intact root cells at the initial stages of Al(3+) stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Babourina
- School of Earth and Geographical Sciences M087, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
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Amenós M, Corrales I, Poschenrieder C, Illés P, Baluska F, Barceló J. Different effects of aluminum on the actin cytoskeleton and brefeldin A-sensitive vesicle recycling in root apex cells of two maize varieties differing in root elongation rate and aluminum tolerance. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 50:528-40. [PMID: 19176573 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcp013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A relationship between aluminum (Al) toxicity, endocytosis, endosomes and vesicle recycling in the root transition zone has recently been demonstrated. Here the importance of filamentous actin (F-actin)-based vesicle trafficking for Al tolerance has been investigating in maize varieties differing in their Al sensitivities. More Al was internalized into root tip cells of the Al-sensitive variety 16x36 than in the Al-tolerant variety Cateto. The actin cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking were primary targets for Al toxicity in the root tips of the sensitive variety. Visualization of boron-cross-linked rhamnogalacturonan II (RGII)-containing brefeldin A (BFA) compartments revealed that Al inhibited the formation of these compartments, especially in variety 16x36. The time sequence of Al effects on pectin recycling matches the growth effects of Al in this sensitive variety. These results support the hypothesis that Al binding to pectin-rich cell walls can contribute to reversible inhibition of root elongation. Al-induced alterations on F-actin were most evident in the central part of the transition zone of Al-sensitive 16x36, where Al was localized inside the nucleoli. In relation to this observation, a role for symplastic Al in both irreversible growth inhibition and amelioration of BFA-induced inhibition of root elongation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Amenós
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekuläre Botanik, Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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Poschenrieder C, Gunsé B, Corrales I, Barceló J. A glance into aluminum toxicity and resistance in plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 400:356-68. [PMID: 18657304 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum toxicity is an important stress factor for plants in acidic environments. During the last decade considerable advances have been made in both techniques to assess the potentially toxic Al species in environmental samples, and knowledge about the mechanisms of Al toxicity and resistance in plants. After a short introduction on Al risk assessment, this review aims to give an up-to-date glance into current developments in the field of Al toxicity and resistance in plants, also providing sufficient background information for non-specialists in aluminum research. Special emphasis is paid to root growth and development as primary targets for Al toxicity. Mechanisms of exclusion of Al from sensitive root tips, as well as tolerance of high Al tissue levels are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Poschenrieder
- Lab. Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellatera, Spain.
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Chandran D, Sharopova N, Ivashuta S, Gantt JS, Vandenbosch KA, Samac DA. Transcriptome profiling identified novel genes associated with aluminum toxicity, resistance and tolerance in Medicago truncatula. PLANTA 2008; 228:151-66. [PMID: 18351384 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-008-0726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide microarrays corresponding to over 16,000 genes were used to analyze changes in transcript accumulation in root tips of the Al-sensitive Medicago truncatula cultivar Jemalong genotype A17 in response to Al treatment. Out of 2,782 genes with significant changes in transcript accumulation, 324 genes were up-regulated and 267 genes were down-regulated at least twofold by Al. Up-regulated genes were enriched in transcripts involved in cell-wall modification and abiotic and biotic stress responses while down-regulated genes were enriched in transcripts involved in primary metabolism, secondary metabolism, protein synthesis and processing, and the cell cycle. Known markers of Al-induced gene expression including genes associated with oxidative stress and cell wall stiffening were differentially regulated in this study. Transcript profiling identified novel genes associated with processes involved in Al toxicity including cell wall modification, cell cycle arrest and ethylene production. Novel genes potentially associated with Al resistance and tolerance in M. truncatula including organic acid transporters, cell wall loosening enzymes, Ca(2+) homeostasis maintaining genes, and Al-binding were also identified. In addition, expression analysis of nine genes in the mature regions of the root revealed that Al-induced gene expression in these regions may play a role in Al tolerance. Finally, interfering RNA-induced silencing of two Al-induced genes, pectin acetylesterase and annexin, in A17 hairy roots slightly increased the sensitivity of A17 to Al suggesting that these genes may play a role in Al resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Chandran
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Achary VMM, Jena S, Panda KK, Panda BB. Aluminium induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in root cells of Allium cepa L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2008; 70:300-10. [PMID: 18068230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) was evaluated for induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage employing the growing roots of Allium cepa L. as the assay system. Intact roots of A. cepa were treated with different concentrations, 0, 1, 10, 50, 100, or 200 microM of aluminium chloride, at pH 4.5 for 4 h (or 2 h for comet assay) at room temperature, 25+/-1 degrees C. Following treatment the parameters investigated in root tissue were Al-uptake, cell death, extra cellular generation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), viz. O(2)(*-), H(2)O(2) and (*)OH, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, activities of antioxidant enzymes namely catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX); and DNA damage, assessed by comet assay. The findings indicated that Al triggered generation of extra-cellular ROI following a dose-response. Through application of specific enzyme inhibitors it was demonstrated that extra-cellular generation of ROI was primarily due to the activity of cell wall bound NADH-PX. Generation of ROI in root tissue as well as cell death was better correlated to the levels of root Al-uptake rather than to the concentrations of Al in ambient experimental solutions. Induction of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation by Al were statistically significant. Whereas Al inhibited CAT activity, enhanced SOD, GPX and APX activities significantly; that followed dose-response. Comet assay provided evidence that Al induced DNA damage in a range of concentrations 50-200 microM, which was comparable to that induced by ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS), an alkylating mutagen served as the positive control. The findings provided evidence that Al comparable to biotic stress induced oxidative burst at the cell surface through up- or down-regulation of some of the key enzymes of oxidative metabolism ultimately resulting in oxidative stress leading to DNA damage and cell death in root cells of A. cepa.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mohan Murali Achary
- Molecular Biology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Berhampur 760007, India
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