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Banerjee S, Agarwal P, Choudhury SR, Roy S. MYB4, a member of R2R3-subfamily of MYB transcription factor functions as a repressor of key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and repair of UV-B induced DNA double strand breaks in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108698. [PMID: 38714132 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Plants accumulate flavonoids as part of UV-B acclimation, while a high level of UV-B irradiation induces DNA damage and leads to genome instability. Here, we show that MYB4, a member of the R2R3-subfamily of MYB transcription factor plays important role in regulating plant response to UV-B exposure through the direct repression of the key genes involved in flavonoids biosynthesis and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Our results demonstrate that MYB4 inhibits seed germination and seedling establishment in Arabidopsis following UV-B exposure. Phenotype analyses of atmyb4-1 single mutant line along with uvr8-6/atmyb4-1, cop1-6/atmyb4-1, and hy5-215/atmyb4-1 double mutants indicate that MYB4 functions downstream of UVR8 mediated signaling pathway and negatively affects UV-B acclimation and cotyledon expansion. Our results indicate that MYB4 acts as transcriptional repressor of two key flavonoid biosynthesis genes, including 4CL and FLS, via directly binding to their promoter, thus reducing flavonoid accumulation. On the other hand, AtMYB4 overexpression leads to higher accumulation level of DSBs along with repressed expression of several key DSB repair genes, including AtATM, AtKU70, AtLIG4, AtXRCC4, AtBRCA1, AtSOG1, AtRAD51, and AtRAD54, respectively. Our results further suggest that MYB4 protein represses the expression of two crucial DSB repair genes, AtKU70 and AtXRCC4 through direct binding with their promoters. Together, our results indicate that MYB4 functions as an important coordinator to regulate plant response to UV-B through transcriptional regulation of key genes involved in flavonoids biosynthesis and repair of UV-B induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Banerjee
- Department of Botany, UGC Center for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag Campus, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Puja Agarwal
- Constituent College in Purnea University, Purnia, 854301, Bihar, India
| | - Swarup Roy Choudhury
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Sujit Roy
- Department of Botany, UGC Center for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag Campus, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India.
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2
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Wen J, Wang Y, Lu X, Pan H, Jin D, Wen J, Jin C, Sahu SK, Su J, Luo X, Jin X, Zhao J, Wu H, Liu EH, Liu H. An integrated multi-omics approach reveals polymethoxylated flavonoid biosynthesis in Citrus reticulata cv. Chachiensis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3991. [PMID: 38734724 PMCID: PMC11088696 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Citrus reticulata cv. Chachiensis (CRC) is an important medicinal plant, its dried mature peels named "Guangchenpi", has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat cough, indigestion, and lung diseases for several hundred years. However, the biosynthesis of the crucial natural products polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs) in CRC remains unclear. Here, we report a chromosome-scale genome assembly of CRC with the size of 314.96 Mb and a contig N50 of 16.22 Mb. Using multi-omics resources, we discover a putative caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (CcOMT1) that can transfer a methyl group to the 3-hydroxyl of natsudaidain to form 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone (HPMF). Based on transient overexpression and virus-induced gene silencing experiments, we propose that CcOMT1 is a candidate enzyme in HPMF biosynthesis. In addition, a potential gene regulatory network associated with PMF biosynthesis is identified. This study provides insights into PMF biosynthesis and may assist future research on mining genes for the biosynthesis of plant-based medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yayu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Xu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Huimin Pan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jialing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Canzhi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmu Su
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xinyue Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - E-Hu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
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3
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Mmbando GS. The recent possible strategies for breeding ultraviolet-B-resistant crops. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27806. [PMID: 38509919 PMCID: PMC10950674 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity of crops to ultraviolet B (UVB, 280-315 nm) radiation varies significantly. Plants' sensitivity to UVB is heavily influenced by the activity of the enzyme cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase, which fixes UVB-induced CPDs. Crops grown in tropical areas with high level of UVB radiation, like O. glaberrima from Africa and O. sativa ssp. indica rice from Bengal, are more sensitive to UVB radiation and could suffer more as a result of rising UVB levels on the earth's surface. Therefore, creating crops that can withstand high UVB is crucial in tropical regions. There is, however, little information on current techniques for breeding UVB-resistant plants. The most recent techniques for producing UVB-resistant crops are presented in this review. The use of DNA methylation, boosting the antioxidant system, regulating the expression of micro-RNA396, and overexpressing CPD photolyase in transgenic plants are some of the methods that are discussed. CPD photolyase overexpression in transgenic plants is the most popular technique for producing UVB-resistant rice. The study also offers several strategies for creating UVB-resistant plants using gene editing techniques. To feed the world's rapidly expanding population, researchers can use the information from this study to improve food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Sadikiel Mmbando
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma P. O. BOX 259, Dodoma, Tanzania
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Liu X, Xie Z, Xin J, Yuan S, Liu S, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Jin C. OsbZIP18 Is a Positive Regulator of Phenylpropanoid and Flavonoid Biosynthesis under UV-B Radiation in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:498. [PMID: 38502046 PMCID: PMC10893026 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In plants exposed to ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B; 280-315 nm), metabolic responses are activated, which reduce the damage caused by UV-B. Although several metabolites responding to UV-B stress have been identified in plants, the accumulation of these metabolites at different time points under UV-B stress remains largely unclear, and the transcription factors regulating these metabolites have not been well characterized. Here, we explored the changes in metabolites in rice after UV-B treatment for 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h and identified six patterns of metabolic change. We show that the rice transcription factor OsbZIP18 plays an important role in regulating phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis under UV-B stress in rice. Metabolic profiling revealed that the contents of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid were significantly reduced in osbzip18 mutants compared with the wild-type plants (WT) under UV-B stress. Further analysis showed that the expression of many genes involved in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways was lower in osbzip18 mutants than in WT plants, including OsPAL5, OsC4H, Os4CL, OsCHS, OsCHIL2, and OsF3H. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) revealed that OsbZIP18 bind to the promoters of these genes, suggesting that OsbZIP18 function is an important positive regulator of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis under UV-B stress. In conclusion, our findings revealed that OsbZIP18 is an essential regulator for phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis and plays a crucial role in regulating UV-B stress responses in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ziyang Xie
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiajun Xin
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shiqing Yuan
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Sanya Research Institute of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Vink MA, Alarcan J, Martens J, Buma WJ, Braeuning A, Berden G, Oomens J. Structural Elucidation of Agrochemical Metabolic Transformation Products Based on Infrared Ion Spectroscopy to Improve In Silico Toxicity Assessment. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:81-97. [PMID: 38118149 PMCID: PMC10792670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Toxicological assessments of newly developed agrochemical agents consider chemical modifications and their metabolic and biotransformation products. To carry out an in silico hazard assessment, understanding the type of chemical modification and its location on the original compound can greatly enhance the reliability of the evaluation. Here, we present and apply a method based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) enhanced with infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS) to better delineate the molecular structures of transformation products before in silico toxicology evaluation. IRIS facilitates the recording of IR spectra directly in the mass spectrometer for features selected by retention time and mass-to-charge ratio. By utilizing quantum-chemically predicted IR spectra for candidate molecular structures, one can either derive the actual structure or significantly reduce the number of (isomeric) candidate structures. This approach can assist in making informed decisions. We apply this method to a plant growth stimulant, digeraniol sinapoyl malate (DGSM), that is currently under development. Incubation of the compound in Caco-2 and HepaRG cell lines in multiwell plates and analysis by LC-MS reveals oxidation, glucuronidation, and sulfonation metabolic products, whose structures were elucidated by IRIS and used as input for an in silico toxicology assessment. The toxicity of isomeric metabolites predicted by in silico tools was also assessed, which revealed that assigning the right metabolite structure is an important step in the overall toxicity assessment of the agrochemical. We believe this identification approach can be advantageous when specific isomers are significantly more hazardous than others and can help better understand metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias
J. A. Vink
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jimmy Alarcan
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zargar SM, Hami A, Manzoor M, Mir RA, Mahajan R, Bhat KA, Gani U, Sofi NR, Sofi PA, Masi A. Buckwheat OMICS: present status and future prospects. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37482536 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2229511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) is an underutilized resilient crop of North Western Himalayas belonging to the family Polygonaceae and is a source of essential nutrients and therapeutics. Common Buckwheat and Tatary Buckwheat are the two main cultivated species used as food. It is the only grain crop possessing rutin, an important metabolite with high nutraceutical potential. Due to its inherent tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses and a short life cycle, Buckwheat has been proposed as a model crop plant. Nutritional security is one of the major concerns, breeding for a nutrient-dense crop such as Buckwheat will provide a sustainable solution. Efforts toward improving Buckwheat for nutrition and yield are limited due to the lack of available: genetic resources, genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics. In order to harness the agricultural importance of Buckwheat, an integrated breeding and OMICS platforms needs to be established that can pave the way for a better understanding of crop biology and developing commercial varieties. This, coupled with the availability of the genome sequences of both Buckwheat species in the public domain, should facilitate the identification of alleles/QTLs and candidate genes. There is a need to further our understanding of the molecular basis of the genetic regulation that controls various economically important traits. The present review focuses on: the food and nutritional importance of Buckwheat, its various omics resources, utilization of omics approaches in understanding Buckwheat biology and, finally, how an integrated platform of breeding and omics will help in developing commercially high yielding nutrient rich cultivars in Buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Ammarah Hami
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Madhiya Manzoor
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Reetika Mahajan
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Kaiser A Bhat
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Umar Gani
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Najeebul Rehman Sofi
- MRCFC, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India
| | - Parvaze A Sofi
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Antonio Masi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Srivastav M, Radadiya N, Ramachandra S, Jayaswal PK, Singh N, Singh S, Mahato AK, Tandon G, Gupta A, Devi R, Subrayagowda SH, Kumar G, Prakash P, Singh S, Sharma N, Nagaraja A, Kar A, Rudra SG, Sethi S, Jaiswal S, Iquebal MA, Singh R, Singh SK, Singh NK. High resolution mapping of QTLs for fruit color and firmness in Amrapali/Sensation mango hybrids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1135285. [PMID: 37351213 PMCID: PMC10282835 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1135285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Mango (Mangifera indica L.), acclaimed as the 'king of fruits' in the tropical world, has historical, religious, and economic values. It is grown commercially in more than 100 countries, and fresh mango world trade accounts for ~3,200 million US dollars for the year 2020. Mango is widely cultivated in sub-tropical and tropical regions of the world, with India, China, and Thailand being the top three producers. Mango fruit is adored for its taste, color, flavor, and aroma. Fruit color and firmness are important fruit quality traits for consumer acceptance, but their genetics is poorly understood. Methods For mapping of fruit color and firmness, mango varieties Amrapali and Sensation, having contrasting fruit quality traits, were crossed for the development of a mapping population. Ninety-two bi-parental progenies obtained from this cross were used for the construction of a high-density linkage map and identification of QTLs. Genotyping was carried out using an 80K SNP chip array. Results and discussion Initially, we constructed two high-density linkage maps based on the segregation of female and male parents. A female map with 3,213 SNPs and male map with 1,781 SNPs were distributed on 20 linkages groups covering map lengths of 2,844.39 and 2,684.22cM, respectively. Finally, the integrated map was constructed comprised of 4,361 SNP markers distributed on 20 linkage groups, which consisted of the chromosome haploid number in Mangifera indica (n =20). The integrated genetic map covered the entire genome of Mangifera indica cv. Dashehari, with a total genetic distance of 2,982.75 cM and an average distance between markers of 0.68 cM. The length of LGs varied from 85.78 to 218.28 cM, with a mean size of 149.14 cM. Phenotyping for fruit color and firmness traits was done for two consecutive seasons. We identified important consistent QTLs for 12 out of 20 traits, with integrated genetic linkages having significant LOD scores in at least one season. Important consistent QTLs for fruit peel color are located at Chr 3 and 18, and firmness on Chr 11 and 20. The QTLs mapped in this study would be useful in the marker-assisted breeding of mango for improved efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Srivastav
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Radadiya
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sridhar Ramachandra
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Jayaswal
- Genomics Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nisha Singh
- Genomics Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Genomics Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mahato
- Genomics Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gitanjali Tandon
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Gupta
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajni Devi
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sreekanth Halli Subrayagowda
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pragya Prakash
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivani Singh
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nimisha Sharma
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - A. Nagaraja
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhijit Kar
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalini Gaur Rudra
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shruti Sethi
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mir Asif Iquebal
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Division of Genomic Resources, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nagendra Kumar Singh
- Genomics Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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8
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Daryanavard H, Postiglione AE, Mühlemann JK, Muday GK. Flavonols modulate plant development, signaling, and stress responses. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 72:102350. [PMID: 36870100 PMCID: PMC10372886 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flavonols are plant-specialized metabolites with important functions in plant growth and development. Isolation and characterization of mutants with reduced flavonol levels, especially the transparent testa mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana, have contributed to our understanding of the flavonol biosynthetic pathway. These mutants have also uncovered the roles of flavonols in controlling development in above- and below-ground tissues, notably in the regulation of root architecture, guard cell signaling, and pollen development. In this review, we present recent progress made towards a mechanistic understanding of flavonol function in plant growth and development. Specifically, we highlight findings that flavonols act as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers and inhibitors of auxin transport in diverse tissues and cell types to modulate plant growth and development and responses to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Daryanavard
- Climate Resilient Crop Production Laboratory, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anthony E Postiglione
- Department of Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joëlle K Mühlemann
- Climate Resilient Crop Production Laboratory, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gloria K Muday
- Department of Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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9
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Vink MA, Schermer JJ, Martens J, Buma WJ, Berden G, Oomens J. Characterization of Solar Radiation-Induced Degradation Products of the Plant Sunscreen Sinapoyl Malate. ACS AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 3:171-180. [PMID: 36846518 PMCID: PMC9945346 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.2c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural activities at lower temperatures lead to lower yields due to reduced plant growth. Applying photomolecular heater agrochemicals could boost yields under these conditions, but UV-induced degradation of these compounds needs to be assessed. In this study, we employ liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) coupled with infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS) to detect and identify the degradation products generated upon simulated solar irradiation of sinapoyl malate, a proposed photomolecular heater/UV filter compound. All major irradiation-induced degradation products are identified in terms of their full molecular structure by comparing the IRIS spectra obtained after LC fractionation and mass isolation with reference IR spectra obtained from quantum-chemical calculations. In cases where physical standards are available, a direct experimental-to-experimental comparison is possible for definitive structure identification. We find that the major degradation products originate from trans-to-cis isomerization, ester cleavage, and esterification reactions of sinapoyl malate. Preliminary in silico toxicity investigations using the VEGAHUB platform suggest no significant concerns for these degradation products' human and environmental safety. The identification workflow presented here can analogously be applied to break down products from other agrochemical compounds. As the method records IR spectra with the sensitivity of LC-MS, application to agricultural samples, e.g., from field trials, is foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias
J. A. Vink
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John J. Schermer
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands,van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
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10
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Ye X, Liu C, Yan H, Wan Y, Wu Q, Wu X, Zhao G, Zou L, Xiang D. Genome-wide identification and transcriptome analysis of the heavy metal-associated (HMA) gene family in Tartary buckwheat and their regulatory roles under cadmium stress. Gene 2022; 847:146884. [PMID: 36103913 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal-associated (HMA) genes are those related to heavy metal transport and detoxification in plants. HMA genes have not been reported in Tartary buckwheat so far. In this study, we accessed the HMA genes of Tartary buckwheat by genome-wide identification for the first time. A total of 56 HMA genes were identified, including 36 ATX1 (antioxidant protein1) genes, 13 HIPP (heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant protein) genes, and 7 P1B-ATPase (P1B-type adenosine triphosphatase) genes. These gene structures, motif compositions, chromosomal distribution, phylogenetic relationship, duplication events, interaction networks, cis-acting elements, and transcriptional expression under cadmium (Cd) stress were investigated. Among them, genes in HIPP and ATX1 subfamilies were more closely related. The 56 HMA genes were involved in the regulation of metal ion transport and homeostasis by binding metal ions, likely triggered by signals transducted by plant hormones. Fifteen of these HMA genes played regulatory roles under Cd stress. FtP1bA1 was identified to be a core gene involved in the defense regulation of Cd stress. Our results provide not only the first overview and characteristics of HMA genes in the whole genome of Tartary buckwheat but also a valuable reference for the functional analysis of HMA genes under Cd stress. Understanding changes in gene regulation induced by Cd stress lays the foundation for breeding resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Changying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Huiling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dabing Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China.
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11
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Xiao X, Zhang J, Satheesh V, Meng F, Gao W, Dong J, Zheng Z, An GY, Nussaume L, Liu D, Lei M. SHORT-ROOT stabilizes PHOSPHATE1 to regulate phosphate allocation in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:1074-1081. [PMID: 36050464 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01231-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The coordinated distribution of inorganic phosphate (Pi) between roots and shoots is an important process that plants use to maintain Pi homeostasis. SHORT-ROOT (SHR) is well characterized for its function in root radial patterning. Here we demonstrate a role of SHR in controlling Pi allocation from root to shoot by regulating PHOSPHATE1 in the root differentiation zone. We recovered a weak mutant allele of SHR in Arabidopsis that accumulates much less Pi in the shoot and shows a constitutive Pi starvation response under Pi-sufficient conditions. In addition, Pi starvation suppresses SHR protein accumulation and releases its inhibition on the HD-ZIP III transcription factor PHB. PHB accumulates and directly binds the promoter of PHOSPHATE2 to upregulate its transcription, resulting in PHOSPHATE1 degradation in the xylem-pole pericycle cells. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism of how plants regulate Pi translocation from roots to shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Xiao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieqiong Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Viswanathan Satheesh
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanxiao Meng
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlan Gao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Dong
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zai Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Yong An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Aix Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, EBM (Bioénergies et microalgues), Saint-Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingguang Lei
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
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12
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Ma M, Xu W, Wang P, Gu Z, Zhang H, Yang R. UV-B- triggered H 2O 2 production mediates isoflavones synthesis in germinated soybean. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100331. [PMID: 35634219 PMCID: PMC9133748 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
UV-B up-regulated the activity, gene and protein expression of NADPH oxidase. UV-B induced H2O2 signal pathway activation. H2O2 is an essential signaling molecule mediating UV-B-induced isoflavone production. H2O2 up-regulated activities, gene and protein expression of PAL, CHS, IFS under UV-B. The inhibition of DPI on endogenous H2O2 signal pathway reduced isoflavone synthesis.
In this study, the functions of Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the synthesis of isoflavones in germinated soybean under UV-B radiation were investigated. Results showed that the activity, gene, and protein expression of NADPH oxidase were up-regulated by 1.46, 6.92, and 1.34 times with UV-B radiation, while endogenous H2O2 content was also significantly increased. UV-B radiation and exogenous H2O2 treatment significantly increased the activities, gene and protein expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and isoflavone synthase (IFS) involved in isoflavones synthesis, and there was a synergistic effect with combining treatment. However, these up-regulation effects were suppressed by the supplementary diphenylene iodonium (DPI), which is the inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. Interestingly, the inhibition effect was largely reversed by exogenous H2O2, indicating that H2O2 was indispensable in regulating the isoflavones synthesis in germinated soybeans under UV-B radiation. Overall, H2O2 is an essential signaling molecule, mediating UV-B-induced isoflavone accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlin Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxin Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Runqiang Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
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13
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Villacampa A, Fañanás‐Pueyo I, Medina FJ, Ciska M. Root growth direction in simulated microgravity is modulated by a light avoidance mechanism mediated by flavonols. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13722. [PMID: 35606933 PMCID: PMC9327515 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In a microgravity environment, without any gravitropic signal, plants are not able to define and establish a longitudinal growth axis. Consequently, absorption of water and nutrients by the root and exposure of leaves to sunlight for efficient photosynthesis is hindered. In these conditions, other external cues can be explored to guide the direction of organ growth. Providing a unilateral light source can guide the shoot growth, but prolonged root exposure to light causes a stress response, affecting growth and development, and also affecting the response to other environmental factors. Here, we have investigated how the protection of the root from light exposure, while the shoot is illuminated, influences the direction of root growth in microgravity. We report that the light avoidance mechanism existing in roots guides their growth towards diminishing light and helps establish the proper longitudinal seedling axis in simulated microgravity conditions. This process is regulated by flavonols, as shown in the flavonoid-accumulating mutant transparent testa 3, which shows an increased correction of the root growth direction in microgravity, when the seedling is grown with the root protected from light. This finding may improve the efficiency of water and nutrient sourcing and photosynthesis under microgravity conditions, as they exist in space, contributing to better plant fitness and biomass production in space farming enterprises, necessary for space exploration by humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Villacampa
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas – CSICMadridSpain
| | | | - F. Javier Medina
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas – CSICMadridSpain
| | - Malgorzata Ciska
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas – CSICMadridSpain
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14
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González Moreno A, de Cózar A, Prieto P, Domínguez E, Heredia A. Radiationless mechanism of UV deactivation by cuticle phenolics in plants. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1786. [PMID: 35379806 PMCID: PMC8979964 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxycinnamic acids present in plant cuticles, the interphase and the main protective barrier between the plant and the environment, exhibit singular photochemical properties that could allow them to act as a UV shield. Here, we employ transient absorption spectroscopy on isolated cuticles and leaf epidermises to study in situ the photodynamics of these molecules in the excited state. Based on quantum chemical calculations on p-coumaric acid, the main phenolic acid present in the cuticle, we propose a model in which cuticle phenolics display a photoprotective mechanism based in an ultrafast and non-radiative excited state deactivation combined with fluorescence emission. As such, the cuticle can be regarded as the first and foremost protective barrier against UV radiation. This photostable and photodynamic mechanism seems to be universal in land plants giving a special role and function to the presence of different aromatic domains in plant cuticles and epidermises. Phenolics are abundant in plant cuticles. Here, via transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations, the authors propose a model by which cuticle phenolics provide photoprotection due to ultrafast and non-radiative excited state deactivation combined with fluorescence emission.
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15
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Plant Secondary Metabolites Produced in Response to Abiotic Stresses Has Potential Application in Pharmaceutical Product Development. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27010313. [PMID: 35011546 PMCID: PMC8746929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are vital for human health and constitute the skeletal framework of many pharmaceutical drugs. Indeed, more than 25% of the existing drugs belong to PSMs. One of the continuing challenges for drug discovery and pharmaceutical industries is gaining access to natural products, including medicinal plants. This bottleneck is heightened for endangered species prohibited for large sample collection, even if they show biological hits. While cultivating the pharmaceutically interesting plant species may be a solution, it is not always possible to grow the organism outside its natural habitat. Plants affected by abiotic stress present a potential alternative source for drug discovery. In order to overcome abiotic environmental stressors, plants may mount a defense response by producing a diversity of PSMs to avoid cells and tissue damage. Plants either synthesize new chemicals or increase the concentration (in most instances) of existing chemicals, including the prominent bioactive lead compounds morphine, camptothecin, catharanthine, epicatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), quercetin, resveratrol, and kaempferol. Most PSMs produced under various abiotic stress conditions are plant defense chemicals and are functionally anti-inflammatory and antioxidative. The major PSM groups are terpenoids, followed by alkaloids and phenolic compounds. We have searched the literature on plants affected by abiotic stress (primarily studied in the simulated growth conditions) and their PSMs (including pharmacological activities) from PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE Ovid, Google Scholar, Databases, and journal websites. We used search keywords: "stress-affected plants," "plant secondary metabolites, "abiotic stress," "climatic influence," "pharmacological activities," "bioactive compounds," "drug discovery," and "medicinal plants" and retrieved published literature between 1973 to 2021. This review provides an overview of variation in bioactive phytochemical production in plants under various abiotic stress and their potential in the biodiscovery of therapeutic drugs. We excluded studies on the effects of biotic stress on PSMs.
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16
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Ren G, Yang P, Cui J, Gao Y, Yin C, Bai Y, Zhao D, Chang J. Multiomics Analyses of Two Sorghum Cultivars Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Salt Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:886805. [PMID: 35677242 PMCID: PMC9168679 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.886805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is one of the most important cereal crops and contains many health-promoting substances. Sorghum has high tolerance to abiotic stress and contains a variety of flavonoids compounds. Flavonoids are produced by the phenylpropanoid pathway and performed a wide range of functions in plants resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. A multiomics analysis of two sorghum cultivars (HN and GZ) under different salt treatments time (0, 24, 48, and 72) was performed. A total of 45 genes, 58 secondary metabolites, and 246 proteins were recognized with significant differential abundances in different comparison models. The common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were allocated to the "flavonoid biosynthesis" and "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" pathways. The most enriched pathways of the common differentially accumulating metabolites (DAMs) were "flavonoid biosynthesis," followed by "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" and "arginine and proline metabolism." The common differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were mainly distributed in "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis," "biosynthesis of cofactors," and "RNA transport." Furthermore, considerable differences were observed in the accumulation of low molecular weight nonenzymatic antioxidants and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Collectively, the results of our study support the idea that flavonoid biological pathways may play an important physiological role in the ability of sorghum to withstand salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genzeng Ren
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Puyuan Yang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianghui Cui
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yukun Gao
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Congpei Yin
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yuzhe Bai
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Dongting Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jinhua Chang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhua Chang,
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17
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Agati G, Guidi L, Landi M, Tattini M. Anthocyanins in photoprotection: knowing the actors in play to solve this complex ecophysiological issue. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2228-2235. [PMID: 34449083 PMCID: PMC9291080 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Agati
- National Research Council of ItalyInstitute of Applied Physics ‘Nello Carrara’Via Madonna del Piano 10Sesto Fiorentino, FlorenceI‐50019Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of PisaVia del Borghetto 80I‐56124PisaItaly
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of PisaVia del Borghetto 80I‐56124PisaItaly
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council of ItalyVia Madonna del Piano 10I‐50019Sesto Fiorentino, FlorenceItaly
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18
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The Effect of Exogenous Application of Quercetin Derivative Solutions on the Course of Physiological and Biochemical Processes in Wheat Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136882. [PMID: 34206953 PMCID: PMC8269177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, classified as a flavonoid, is a strong antioxidant that plays a significant role in the regulation of physiological processes in plants, which is particularly important in the case of biotic and abiotic stresses. The study investigated the effect of the use of potassium quercetin solutions in various concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0% and 5.0%) on the physiological and biochemical properties of wheat seedlings. A pot experiment was carried out in order to determine the most beneficial dose of this flavonoid acting as a bio-stimulant for wheat plants. Spraying with quercetin derivative solutions was performed twice, and physiological measurements (chlorophyll content and fluorescence as well as gas exchange) were carried out on the first and seventh days after each application. The total phenolic compounds content and the total antioxidant capacity were also determined. It was shown that the concentrations of potassium quercetin applied have a stimulating effect on the course of physiological processes. In the case of most of the tested physiological parameters (chlorophyll content and fluorescence and gas exchange) and the total antioxidant capacity, no significant differences were observed in their increase as a result of application with concentrations of 3.0 and 5.0%. Therefore, the beneficial effect of quercetin on the analysed parameters is already observed when spraying with a concentration of 3.0%.
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19
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Dong H, Li H, Xue Y, Su S, Li S, Shan X, Liu H, Jiang N, Wu X, Zhang Z, Yuan Y. E183K Mutation in Chalcone Synthase C2 Causes Protein Aggregation and Maize Colorless. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:679654. [PMID: 34249050 PMCID: PMC8261305 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.679654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids give plants their rich colors and play roles in a number of physiological processes. In this study, we identified a novel colorless maize mutant showing reduced pigmentation throughout the whole life cycle by EMS mutagenesis. E183K mutation in maize chalcone synthase C2 (ZmC2) was mapped using MutMap strategy as the causal for colorless, which was further validated by transformation in Arabidopsis. We evaluated transcriptomic and metabolic changes in maize first sheaths caused by the mutation. The downstream biosynthesis was blocked while very few genes changed their expression pattern. ZmC2-E183 site is highly conserved in chalcone synthase among Plantae kingdom and within species' different varieties. Through prokaryotic expression, transient expression in maize leaf protoplasts and stable expression in Arabidopsis, we observed that E183K and other mutations on E183 could cause almost complete protein aggregation of chalcone synthase. Our findings will benefit the characterization of flavonoid biosynthesis and contribute to the body of knowledge on protein aggregation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Dong
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingjie Xue
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shengzhong Su
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shipeng Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohui Shan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongkui Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuyang Wu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiwu Zhang
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Yaping Yuan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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20
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Idris M, Seo N, Jiang L, Kiyota S, Hidema J, Iino M. UV-B signalling in rice: Response identification, gene expression profiling and mutant isolation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1468-1485. [PMID: 33377203 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Responses of rice seedlings to UV-B radiation (UV-B) were investigated, aiming to establish rice as a model plant for UV-B signalling studies. The growth of japonica rice coleoptiles, grown under red light, was inhibited by brief irradiation with UV-B, but not with blue light. The effective UV-B fluences (10-1 -103 μmol m-2 ) were much lower than those reported in Arabidopsis. The response was much less in indica rice cultivars and its extent varied among Oryza species. We next identified UV-B-specific anthocyanin accumulation in the first leaf of purple rice and used this visible phenotype to isolate mutants. Some isolated mutants were further characterized, and one was found to have a defect in the growth response. Using microarrays, we identified a number of genes that are regulated by low-fluence-rate UV-B in japonica coleoptiles. Some up-regulated genes were analysed by real-time PCR for UV-B specificity and the difference between japonica and indica. More than 70% of UV-B-regulated rice genes had no homologs in UV-B-regulated Arabidopsis genes. Many UV-B-regulated rice genes are related to plant hormones and especially to jasmonate biosynthetic and responsive genes in apparent agreement with the growth response. Possible involvement of two rice homologs of UVR8, a UV-B photoreceptor, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Idris
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobu Seo
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lei Jiang
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Kiyota
- Office of General Administration, Advanced Analysis Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jun Hidema
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Moritoshi Iino
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Liu Y, Ma K, Qi Y, Lv G, Ren X, Liu Z, Ma F. Transcriptional Regulation of Anthocyanin Synthesis by MYB-bHLH-WDR Complexes in Kiwifruit ( Actinidia chinensis). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3677-3691. [PMID: 33749265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The anthocyanin synthetic pathway is regulated centrally by an MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex. Anthocyanin pigmentation is an important fruit quality trait in red-fleshed kiwifruit; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms involving the MBW complex are not well understood. In this study, one R2R3MYB (AcMYBF110 expressed in fruit characteristically), one bHLH (AcbHLH1), two upstream regulators of AcbHLH1 (AcbHLH4 and AcbHLH5), and one WDR (AcWDR1) are characterized as being involved in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in kiwifruit. AcMYBF110 plays an important role in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation by specifically activating the promoters of several anthocyanin pathway genes including AcCHS, AcF3'H, AcANS, AcUFGT3a, AcUFGT6b, and AcGST1. Coexpression of AcbHLH1, AcbHLH4, or AcbHLH5 together with AcMYBF110 induces much greater anthocyanin accumulation in both tobacco leaves and in Actinidia arguta fruit compared with AcMYBF110 alone. Moreover, this activation is further enhanced by adding AcWDR1. We found that both AcMYBF110 and AcWDR1 interact with all three AcbHLH factors, while AcMYBF110 also interacts with AcWDR1 to form three different MBW complexes that have different regulatory roles in anthocyanin accumulation of kiwifruit. The AcMYBF110-AcbHLH1-AcWDR1 complex directly targets the promoters of anthocyanin synthetic genes. Other features of the regulatory pathways identified include promotion of AcMYBF110, AcbHLH1,and AcWDR1 activities by this MBW complex, providing for both reinforcement and feedback regulation, whereas the AcMYBF110-AcbHLH4/5-AcWDR1 complex is indirectly involved in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis by activating the promoters of AcbHLH1 and AcWDR1 to amplify the regulation signals of the first MBW complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shannxi, China
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shannxi, China
| | - Kangxun Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shannxi, China
| | - Yingwei Qi
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610 Guangdong, China
| | - Guowen Lv
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shannxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shannxi, China
| | - Zhande Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shannxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shannxi, China
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22
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Li Y, Cao K, Li N, Zhu G, Fang W, Chen C, Wang X, Guo J, Wang Q, Ding T, Wang J, Guan L, Wang J, Liu K, Guo W, Arús P, Huang S, Fei Z, Wang L. Genomic analyses provide insights into peach local adaptation and responses to climate change. Genome Res 2021; 31:592-606. [PMID: 33687945 PMCID: PMC8015852 DOI: 10.1101/gr.261032.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The environment has constantly shaped plant genomes, but the genetic bases underlying how plants adapt to environmental influences remain largely unknown. We constructed a high-density genomic variation map of 263 geographically representative peach landraces and wild relatives. A combination of whole-genome selection scans and genome-wide environmental association studies (GWEAS) was performed to reveal the genomic bases of peach adaptation to diverse climates. A total of 2092 selective sweeps that underlie local adaptation to both mild and extreme climates were identified, including 339 sweeps conferring genomic pattern of adaptation to high altitudes. Using genome-wide environmental association studies (GWEAS), a total of 2755 genomic loci strongly associated with 51 specific environmental variables were detected. The molecular mechanism underlying adaptive evolution of high drought, strong UVB, cold hardiness, sugar content, flesh color, and bloom date were revealed. Finally, based on 30 yr of observation, a candidate gene associated with bloom date advance, representing peach responses to global warming, was identified. Collectively, our study provides insights into molecular bases of how environments have shaped peach genomes by natural selection and adds candidate genes for future studies on evolutionary genetics, adaptation to climate changes, and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.,National Horticulture Germplasm Resources Center, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.,National Horticulture Germplasm Resources Center, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Nan Li
- Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Gengrui Zhu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.,National Horticulture Germplasm Resources Center, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Weichao Fang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.,National Horticulture Germplasm Resources Center, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Changwen Chen
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Tiyu Ding
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Liping Guan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Junxiu Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Kuozhan Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Wenwu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Pere Arús
- IRTA-Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.,U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Lirong Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.,National Horticulture Germplasm Resources Center, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
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23
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Fernández MB, Lukaszewicz G, Lamattina L, Cassia R. Selection and optimization of reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization: A case study in Solanum lycopersicum exposed to UV-B. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:269-280. [PMID: 33529802 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative RT- PCR is one of the most common methods to study gene expression in response to stress. Therefore, it is crucial to have suitable reference genes (RGs) for result normalization. Although several reports describe UV-B-modulated gene expression in Solanum lycopersicum, there are no suitable RGs identified until now. The aim of this work was to evaluate the suitability of seven traditional genes: actin (ACT), tubulin (TUB), ubiquitin (UBI), glyceraldehyde- 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), elongation factor 1α (EF1α), phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit (PP2A) and GAGA binding transcriptional activator (GAGA); and two non-traditional genes: thioredoxin h1 (TRX h1) and UV-B RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8), as candidate RGs for their potential use as reliable internal controls in leaves, stems and roots of tomato seedlings exposed to acute and chronic UV-B. The stability of these genes expression was evaluated using five statistical algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, Delta Ct and ANOVA. Considering the comprehensive stability ranking, we recommend ACT+TUB as the best pair of RGs for leaves, PP2A+GAPDH+TRX h1 for stems and TUB+UVR8 for roots. The reliability of the selected RGs for each tissue was verified amplifying tomato chalcone synthase 1 (CHS1) and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase (PHR1-LIKE). Under UV-B treatment, CHS1 was upregulated in leaves, stems and roots whereas PHR1-LIKE was only upregulated in leaves and stems. This interpretation differs when the most and least stable RGs are chosen. This is the first report regarding suitable RGs selection for accurate normalization of gene expression in tomato seedlings exposed to UV-B irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CC1245 7600, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Germán Lukaszewicz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CC1245 7600, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorenzo Lamattina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CC1245 7600, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raúl Cassia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CC1245 7600, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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24
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Tedore C, Nilsson DE. Ultraviolet vision aids the detection of nutrient-dense non-signaling plant foods. Vision Res 2021; 183:16-29. [PMID: 33639304 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To expand our understanding of what tasks are particularly helped by UV vision and may justify the costs of focusing high-energy light onto the retina, we used an avian-vision multispectral camera to image diverse vegetated habitats in search of UV contrasts that differ markedly from visible-light contrasts. One UV contrast that stood out as very different from visible-light contrasts was that of nutrient-dense non-signaling plant foods (such as young leaves and immature fruits) against their natural backgrounds. From our images, we calculated color contrasts between 62+ species of such foods and mature foliage for the two predominant color vision systems of birds, UVS and VS. We also computationally generated images of what a generalized tetrachromat, unfiltered by oil droplets, would see, by developing a new methodology that uses constrained linear least squares to solve for optimal weighted combinations of avian camera filters to mimic new spectral sensitivities. In all visual systems, we found that nutrient-dense non-signaling plant foods presented a lower, often negative figure-ground contrast in the UV channels, and a higher, often positive figure-ground contrast in the visible channels. Although a zero contrast may sound unhelpful, it can actually enhance color contrast when compared in a color opponent system to other channels with nonzero contrasts. Here, low or negative UV contrasts markedly enhanced color contrasts. We propose that plants may struggle to evolve better UV crypsis since UV reflectance from vegetation is largely specular and thus highly dependent on object orientation, shape, and texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Tedore
- Lund Vision Group, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Dan-Eric Nilsson
- Lund Vision Group, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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25
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Thitz P, Hagerman AE, Randriamanana TR, Virjamo V, Kosonen M, Lännenpää M, Nyman T, Mehtätalo L, Kontunen‐Soppela S, Julkunen‐Tiitto R. Genetic modification of the flavonoid pathway alters growth and reveals flexible responses to enhanced UVB - Role of foliar condensed tannins. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:1-15. [PMID: 37283848 PMCID: PMC10168092 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of certain phenolics is a well-known response of plants to enhanced UVB radiation (280-315 nm), but few experiments have compared the relative importance of different phenolic groups for UVB resilience. To study how an altered phenolic profile affects the responses and resilience of silver birch (Betula pendula) to enhanced UVB, we used RNA interference (RNAi) targeting dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), or anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) to change the accumulation of phenolics. The unmodified control line and RNAi-modified plants were grown for 51 days under ambient or +32% enhanced UVB dose in a greenhouse. RNAi greatly affected phenolic profile and plant growth. There were no interactive effects of RNAi and UVB on growth or photosynthesis, which indicates that the RNAi and unmodified control plants were equally resilient. UVB enhancement led to an accumulation of foliar flavonoids and condensed tannins, and an increase in the density of stem glands and glandular trichomes on upper leaf surfaces in both the control and RNAi-modified plants. Our results do not indicate a photoprotective role for condensed tannins. However, decreased growth of high-flavonoid low-tannin DFRi and ANRi plants implies that the balance of flavonoids and condensed tannins might be important for normal plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Thitz
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Ann E. Hagerman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryMiami UniversityOxfordOHUSA
| | - Tendry R. Randriamanana
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Virpi Virjamo
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
- Present address:
School of Forest SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Minna Kosonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
- Present address:
Natural Resources Institute FinlandMikkeliFinland
| | - Mika Lännenpää
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
- Present address:
Biocarelia Research LaboratoryJuurikkaFinland
| | - Tommi Nyman
- Department of Ecosystems in the Barents RegionNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchSvanvikNorway
| | - Lauri Mehtätalo
- School of ComputingUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Sari Kontunen‐Soppela
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Riitta Julkunen‐Tiitto
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
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26
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Dong NQ, Lin HX. Contribution of phenylpropanoid metabolism to plant development and plant-environment interactions. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:180-209. [PMID: 33325112 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoid metabolism is one of the most important metabolisms in plants, yielding more than 8,000 metabolites contributing to plant development and plant-environment interplay. Phenylpropanoid metabolism materialized during the evolution of early freshwater algae that were initiating terrestrialization and land plants have evolved multiple branches of this pathway, which give rise to metabolites including lignin, flavonoids, lignans, phenylpropanoid esters, hydroxycinnamic acid amides, and sporopollenin. Recent studies have revealed that many factors participate in the regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism, and modulate phenylpropanoid homeostasis when plants undergo successive developmental processes and are subjected to stressful environments. In this review, we summarize recent progress on elucidating the contribution of phenylpropanoid metabolism to the coordination of plant development and plant-environment interaction, and metabolic flux redirection among diverse metabolic routes. In addition, our review focuses on the regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational, and epigenetic levels, and in response to phytohormones and biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Qian Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong-Xuan Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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27
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Ferreira SS, Antunes MS. Re-engineering Plant Phenylpropanoid Metabolism With the Aid of Synthetic Biosensors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:701385. [PMID: 34603348 PMCID: PMC8481569 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.701385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids comprise a large class of specialized plant metabolites with many important applications, including pharmaceuticals, food nutrients, colorants, fragrances, and biofuels. Therefore, much effort has been devoted to manipulating their biosynthesis to produce high yields in a more controlled manner in microbial and plant systems. However, current strategies are prone to significant adverse effects due to pathway complexity, metabolic burden, and metabolite bioactivity, which still hinder the development of tailor-made phenylpropanoid biofactories. This gap could be addressed by the use of biosensors, which are molecular devices capable of sensing specific metabolites and triggering a desired response, as a way to sense the pathway's metabolic status and dynamically regulate its flux based on specific signals. Here, we provide a brief overview of current research on synthetic biology and metabolic engineering approaches to control phenylpropanoid synthesis and phenylpropanoid-related biosensors, advocating for the use of biosensors and genetic circuits as a step forward in plant synthetic biology to develop autonomously-controlled phenylpropanoid-producing plant biofactories.
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28
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Ma S, Lv L, Meng C, Zhang C, Li Y. Integrative Analysis of the Metabolome and Transcriptome of Sorghum bicolor Reveals Dynamic Changes in Flavonoids Accumulation under Saline-Alkali Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14781-14789. [PMID: 33274637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
With the perpetuation of soil salinization, it is imperative to improve the salt and alkaline tolerance of crops. Sorghum bicolor, a C4 crop, is often grown in semiarid areas due to its high tolerance of various abiotic stresses. Whether to improve the resistance of the sorghum itself or that of other crops, it is necessary to understand the response of sorghum under saline-alkali stress. An integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome of sorghum under normal conditions and treatments of moderate and severe saline-alkali stress was performed. Among the different accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), flavonoid-related DAMs and DEGs were clearly changed. The level of flavonoids was increased under saline-alkali stress, and the change in flavonoids was dynamic as to whether total flavonoids or most flavonoid components accumulated more under moderate saline-alkali stress compared to severe stress. Some flavonoid metabolites were significantly correlated with the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes. MYB transcription factors may also contribute to the regulation of flavonoids levels. These findings present the dynamic changes and possible molecular mechanisms of flavonoids under different saline-alkali stresses and provide a foundation for future research and crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Ma
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China, 266101
| | - Lin Lv
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China, 266101
| | - Chen Meng
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China, 266101
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China, 266101
| | - Yiqiang Li
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China, 266101
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29
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Saini P, Bhatia S, Mahajan M, Kaushik A, Sahu SK, Kumar A, Satbhai SB, Patel MK, Saxena S, Chaurasia OP, Lingwan M, Masakapalli SK, Yadav RK. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 Negatively Regulates DECREASE WAX BIOSYNTHESIS to Increase Survival during UV-B Stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:2091-2106. [PMID: 33087416 PMCID: PMC7723109 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how the distinct cell types of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) withstand ultraviolet radiation (UVR) stress can improve cultivation of plants in high-UVR environments. Here, we show that UV-B irradiation selectively kills epidermal and niche cells in the shoot apex. Plants harboring a mutation in DECREASE WAX BIOSYNTHESIS (DEWAX) are tolerant to UV-B. Our data show that DEWAX negatively regulates genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) binds to the DEWAX promoter elements and represses its expression to promote the anthocyanin biosynthesis. The HY5-DEWAX regulatory network regulates anthocyanin content in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and influences the survivability of plants under UV-B irradiation stress. Our cell sorting-based study of the epidermal cell layer transcriptome confirms that core UV-B stress signaling pathway genes are conserved and upregulated in response to UV-B irradiation of the SAM. Furthermore, we show that UV-B induces genes involved in shoot development and organ patterning. We propose that the HY5-DEWAX regulatory relationship is conserved; however, changes in the expression levels of these genes can determine anthocyanin content in planta and, hence, fitness under UV-B irradiation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Saini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Shivani Bhatia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Monika Mahajan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anshul Kaushik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Sangram Keshari Sahu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Asis Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Santosh B Satbhai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Patel
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research Leh, Ladakh 901205, India
| | - Shweta Saxena
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research Leh, Ladakh 901205, India
| | | | - Maneesh Lingwan
- BioX centre, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi 175075, India
| | - Shyam Kumar Masakapalli
- BioX centre, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi 175075, India
| | - Ram Kishor Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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30
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Agati G, Brunetti C, Fini A, Gori A, Guidi L, Landi M, Sebastiani F, Tattini M. Are Flavonoids Effective Antioxidants in Plants? Twenty Years of Our Investigation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1098. [PMID: 33182252 PMCID: PMC7695271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether flavonoids play significant antioxidant roles in plants challenged by photooxidative stress of different origin has been largely debated over the last few decades. A critical review of the pertinent literature and our experimentation as well, based on a free-of-scale approach, support an important antioxidant function served by flavonoids in plants exposed to a wide range of environmental stressors, the significance of which increases with the severity of stress. On the other side, some questions need conclusive answers when the putative antioxidant functions of plant flavonoids are examined at the level of both the whole-cell and cellular organelles. This partly depends upon a conclusive, robust, and unbiased definition of "a plant antioxidant", which is still missing, and the need of considering the subcellular re-organization that occurs in plant cells in response to severe stress conditions. This likely makes our deterministic-based approach unsuitable to unveil the relevance of flavonoids as antioxidants in extremely complex biological systems, such as a plant cell exposed to an ever-changing stressful environment. This still poses open questions about how to measure the occurred antioxidant action of flavonoids. Our reasoning also evidences the need of contemporarily evaluating the changes in key primary and secondary components of the antioxidant defense network imposed by stress events of increasing severity to properly estimate the relevance of the antioxidant functions of flavonoids in an in planta situation. In turn, this calls for an in-depth analysis of the sub-cellular distribution of primary and secondary antioxidants to solve this still intricate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Agati
- Institute of Applied Physics ‘Carrara’, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto F.no, I-50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Alessio Fini
- Department of Agriculural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Antonella Gori
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, Sesto F.no, I-50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Federico Sebastiani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (F.S.)
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Khatoon A, Rehman SU, Aslam MM, Jamil M, Komatsu S. Plant-Derived Smoke Affects Biochemical Mechanism on Plant Growth and Seed Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7760. [PMID: 33092218 PMCID: PMC7588921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of plant-derived smoke, which is changed in mineral-nutrient status, in enhancing germination and post-germination was effectively established. The majority of plant species positively respond to plant-derived smoke in the enhancement of seed germination and plant growth. The stimulatory effect of plant-derived smoke on normally growing and stressed plants may help to reduce economic and human resources, which validates its candidature as a biostimulant. Plant-derived smoke potentially facilitates the early harvest and increases crop productivity. Karrikins and cyanohydrin are the active compound in plant-derived smoke. In this review, data from the latest research explaining the effect of plant-derived smoke on morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of plants are presented. The pathway for reception and interaction of compounds of plant-derived smoke at the cellular and molecular level of plant is described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amana Khatoon
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan;
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biology, University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan;
| | | | - Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan;
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Department of Environmental and Food Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
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Zedek F, Plačková K, Veselý P, Šmerda J, Šmarda P, Horová L, Bureš P. Endopolyploidy is a common response to UV-B stress in natural plant populations, but its magnitude may be affected by chromosome type. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:883-889. [PMID: 32582956 PMCID: PMC7750947 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) radiation damages the DNA, cells and photosynthetic apparatus of plants. Plants commonly prevent this damage by synthetizing UV-B-protective compounds. Recent laboratory experiments in Arabidopsis and cucumber have indicated that plants can also respond to UV-B stress with endopolyploidy. Here we test the generality of this response in natural plant populations, considering their monocentric or holocentric chromosomal structure. METHODS We measured the endopolyploidy index (flow cytometry) and the concentration of UV-B-protective compounds in leaves of 12 herbaceous species (1007 individuals) from forest interiors and neighbouring clearings where they were exposed to increased UV-B radiation (103 forest + clearing populations). We then analysed the data using phylogenetic mixed models. KEY RESULTS The concentration of UV-B protectives increased with UV-B doses estimated from hemispheric photographs of the sky above sample collection sites, but the increase was more rapid in species with monocentric chromosomes. Endopolyploidy index increased with UV-B doses and with concentrations of UV-B-absorbing compounds only in species with monocentric chromosomes, while holocentric species responded negligibly. CONCLUSIONS Endopolyploidy seems to be a common response to increased UV-B in monocentric plants. Low sensitivity to UV-B in holocentric species might relate to their success in high-UV-stressed habitats and corroborates the hypothesized role of holocentric chromosomes in plant terrestrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Zedek
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Plačková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Veselý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Šmerda
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmarda
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Horová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bureš
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Baker LA, Staniforth M, Flourat AL, Allais F, Stavros VG. Conservation of ultrafast photoprotective mechanisms with increasing molecular complexity in sinapoyl malate derivatives. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2006-2011. [PMID: 32638475 PMCID: PMC7586465 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sinapoyl malate is a natural plant sunscreen molecule which protects leaves from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Here, the ultrafast dynamics of three sinapoyl malate derivatives, sinapoyl L-dimethyl malate, sinapoyl L-diethyl malate and sinapoyl L-di-t-butyl malate, have been studied using transient electronic absorption spectroscopy, in a dioxane and methanol solvent environment to investigate how well preserved these dynamics remain with increasing molecular complexity. In all cases it was found that, upon photoexcitation, deactivation occurs via a trans-cis isomerisation pathway within ∼20-30 ps. This cis-photoproduct, formed during photodeactivation, is stable and longed-lived for all molecules in both solvents. The incredible levels of conservation of the isomerisation pathway with increased molecular complexity demonstrate the efficacy of these molecules as ultraviolet photoprotectors, even in strongly perturbing solvents. As such, we suggest these molecules might be well-suited for augmentations to further improve their photoprotective efficacy or chemical compatibility with other components of sunscreen mixtures, whilst conserving their underlying photodynamic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A. Baker
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUnited Kingdom
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Surrey388 Stag HillGuildfordGU2 7XHUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael Staniforth
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUnited Kingdom
| | - Amandine L. Flourat
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech51110PomacleFrance
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech51110PomacleFrance
| | - Vasilios G. Stavros
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUnited Kingdom
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Zhang F, Guo H, Huang J, Yang C, Li Y, Wang X, Qu L, Liu X, Luo J. A UV-B-responsive glycosyltransferase, OsUGT706C2, modulates flavonoid metabolism in rice. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:1037-1052. [PMID: 32112268 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although natural variations in rice flavonoids exist, and biochemical characterization of a few flavonoid glycosyltransferases has been reported, few studies focused on natural variations in tricin-lignan-glycosides and their underlying genetic basis. In this study, we carried out metabolic profiling of tricin-lignan-glycosides and identified a major quantitative gene annotated as a UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase OsUGT706C2 by metabolite-based genome-wide association analysis. The putative flavonoid glycosyltransferase OsUGT706C2 was characterized as a flavonoid 7-O-glycosyltransferas in vitro and in vivo. Although the in vitro enzyme activity of OsUGT706C2 was similar to that of OsUGT706D1, the expression pattern and induced expression profile of OsUGT706C2 were very different from those of OsUGT706D1. Besides, OsUGT706C2 was specifically induced by UV-B. Constitutive expression of OsUGT706C2 in rice may modulate phenylpropanoid metabolism at both the transcript and metabolite levels. Furthermore, overexpressing OsUGT706C2 can enhance UV-B tolerance by promoting ROS scavenging in rice. Our findings might make it possible to use the glycosyltransferase OsUGT706C2 for crop improvement with respect to UV-B adaptation and/or flavonoid accumulation, which may contribute to stable yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry of Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chenkun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yufei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lianghuan Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianqing Liu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry of Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China
| | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry of Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China.
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Neugart S, Majer P, Schreiner M, Hideg É. Blue Light Treatment but Not Green Light Treatment After Pre-exposure to UV-B Stabilizes Flavonoid Glycoside Changes and Corresponding Biological Effects in Three Different Brassicaceae Sprouts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:611247. [PMID: 33584754 PMCID: PMC7875886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.611247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B; 280-315 nm) radiation induces the biosynthesis of secondary plant metabolites such as flavonoids. Flavonoids could also be enhanced by blue (420-490 nm) or green (490-585 nm) light. Flavonoids act as antioxidants and shielding components in the plant's response to UV-B exposure. They are shown to quench singlet oxygen and to be reactive to hydroxyl radical. The aim was to determine whether treatment with blue or green light can alter flavonoid profiles after pre-exposure to UV-B and whether they cause corresponding biological effects in Brassicaceae sprouts. Based on their different flavonoid profiles, three vegetables from the Brassicaceae were selected. Sprouts were treated with five subsequent doses (equals 5 days) of moderate UV-B (0.23 kJ m-2 day-1 UV-BBE), which was followed with two subsequent (equals 2 days) doses of either blue (99 μmol m-2 s-1) or green (119 μmol m-2 s-1) light. In sprouts of kale, kohlrabi, and rocket salad, flavonoid glycosides were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. Both Brassica oleracea species, kale and kohlrabi, showed mainly acylated quercetin and kaempferol glycosides. In contrast, in rocket salad, the main flavonol glycosides were quercetin glycosides. Blue light treatment after the UV-B treatment showed that quercetin and kaempferol glycosides were increased in the B. oleracea species kale and kohlrabi while-contrary to this-in rocket salad, there were only quercetin glycosides increased. Blue light treatment in general stabilized the enhanced concentrations of flavonoid glycosides while green treatment did not have this effect. Blue light treatment following the UV-B exposure resulted in a trend of increased singlet oxygen scavenging for kale and rocket. The hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity was independent from the light quality except for kale where an exposure with UV-B followed by a blue light treatment led to a higher hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity. These results underline the importance of different light qualities for the biosynthesis of reactive oxygen species that intercept secondary plant metabolites, but also show a pronounced species-dependent reaction, which is of special interest for growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neugart
- Division Quality and Sensory of Plant Products, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Susanne Neugart,
| | - Petra Majer
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.V., Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Éva Hideg
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Thoma F, Somborn-Schulz A, Schlehuber D, Keuter V, Deerberg G. Effects of Light on Secondary Metabolites in Selected Leafy Greens: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:497. [PMID: 32391040 PMCID: PMC7193822 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the primary metabolism, responsible for essential synthesis mechanisms and mass balance in plants, the secondary metabolism is not of particular importance for each cell but for the plant organism as its whole. Most of these metabolites show antioxidant properties and are beneficial for human health. In order to affect accumulation of those metabolites, light is an essential factor. It is possible to select various combinations of light intensity and light quality to address corresponding photoreceptors and synthesis. However, the plethora of additional variables considering environmental conditions such as temperature, relative humidity or cultivation method complicate defining specific "light recipes". This review summarizes experiments dealing with consumable leafy greens such as lettuce or basil and the enhancement of three selected metabolites - anthocyanins, carotenoids and flavonols.
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Induction of PrMADS10 on the lower side of bent pine tree stems: potential role in modifying plant cell wall properties and wood anatomy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18981. [PMID: 31831838 PMCID: PMC6908731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying inclination responses in trees are unclear. In this study, we identified a MADS-box transcription factor differentially expressed early after inclination in the stems of Pinus radiata D. Don. PrMADS10 has a CDS of 582 bp and encodes a group II MADS-box transcription factor. We measured highest accumulation of this transcript on the lower side of inclined pine stems. In an effort to identify putative targets, we stably transformed Arabidopsis thaliana with a 35S::PrMADS10 construct. Transcriptome analysis revealed 1,219 genes differentially-expressed, with 690 and 529 genes up- and down-regulated respectively, when comparing the transgenic and wild-type. Differentially-expressed genes belong to different biological processes, but were enriched in cell wall remodeling and phenylpropanoid metabolic functions. Interestingly, lignin content was 30% higher in transgenic as compared to wild-type plants consistent with observed changes in gene expression. Differentially expressed transcription factors and phenylpropanoid genes were analyzed using STRING. Several MYB and NAC transcription factors showed interactions with genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Together, these results implicate PrMADS10 as a regulatory factor, triggering the expression of other transcription factors and genes involved in the synthesis of lignin.
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38
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Zhao P, You Q, Lei M. A CRISPR/Cas9 deletion into the phosphate transporter SlPHO1;1 reveals its role in phosphate nutrition of tomato seedlings. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:556-563. [PMID: 30537089 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In vascular (Arabidopsis thaliana) and non-vascular (Physcomitrella patens) plants, PHOSPHATE 1 (PHO1) homologs play important roles in the acquisition and transfer of phosphate. The tomato genome contains six genes (SlPHO1;1-SlPHO1;6) homologous to AtPHO1. The six proteins have typical characteristics of the plant PHO1 family, such as the three Syg1/Pho81/XPRI (SPX) subdomains in the N-terminal portion and one ERD1/XPR1/SYG1 (EXS) domain in the C-terminal portion. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the SlPHO1 family is subdivided into three clusters. A pairwise comparison indicated that SlPHO1;1 showed the highest level of sequence identity/similarity (67.39/76.21%) to AtPHO1. SlPHO1;1 deletion mutants induced by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 displayed typical phenotypes of Pi starvation, such as decreased shoot fresh weight and increased root fresh weight, therefore having a greater root-to-shoot ratio. Mutants also accumulated more anthocyanin and had more soluble Pi content in the root and less in the shoot. These results indicate that SlPHO1;1 plays an important role in Pi transport in the tomato at seedling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Zhao
- Biology Department, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, 330032, China
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 210602, China
| | - Qiuye You
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 210602, China
| | - Mingguang Lei
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 210602, China
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Burke JR, La Clair JJ, Philippe RN, Pabis A, Corbella M, Jez JM, Cortina GA, Kaltenbach M, Bowman ME, Louie GV, Woods KB, Nelson AT, Tawfik DS, Kamerlin SC, Noel JP. Bifunctional Substrate Activation via an Arginine Residue Drives Catalysis in Chalcone Isomerases. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Burke
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - James J. La Clair
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan N. Philippe
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Anna Pabis
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 596, S-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marina Corbella
- Department of Chemistry−BMC, Uppsala University, BMC Box 576, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joseph M. Jez
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - George A. Cortina
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Miriam Kaltenbach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Marianne E. Bowman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Gordon V. Louie
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Katherine B. Woods
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Andrew T. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Dan S. Tawfik
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shina C.L. Kamerlin
- Department of Chemistry−BMC, Uppsala University, BMC Box 576, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joseph P. Noel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Liu Y, Qi Y, Zhang A, Wu H, Liu Z, Ren X. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of AcGST1, an anthocyanin-related glutathione S-transferase gene in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:451-465. [PMID: 31079310 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00870-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
AcGST1, an anthocyanin-related GST, may functions as a carrier to transport anthocyanins from ER to tonoplast in kiwifruit. It was positively regulated by AcMYBF110 through directly binding to its promoter. Anthocyanins are synthesized in the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum but accumulate predominantly in the vacuole. Previous studies in model and ornamental plants have suggested that a member of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family is involved in sequestration of anthocyanins into the vacuole. However, little is known about anthocyanin-related GST protein in kiwifruit. Here, four putative AcGSTs were identified from the genome of the red-fleshed Actinidia chinensis cv 'Hongyang'. Expression analyses reveal only the expression of AcGST1 was highly consistent with anthocyanin accumulation. Molecular complementation of Arabidopsis tt19 demonstrates AcGST1 can complement the anthocyanin-less phenotype of tt19. Transient expression in Actinidia arguta fruits further confirms that AcGST1 is functional in anthocyanin accumulation in kiwifruit. In vitro assays show the recombinant AcGST1 increases the water solubility of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (C3Gal) and cyanidin-3-O-xylo-galactoside (C3XG). We further show that AcGST1 protein is localized not only in the ER but also on the tonoplast, indicating AcGST1 (like AtTT19) may functions as a carrier protein to transport anthocyanins to the tonoplast in kiwifruit. Moreover, the promoter of AcGST1 can be activated by AcMYBF110, based on results from transient dual-luciferase assays and yeast one-hybrid assays. EMSAs show that AcMYBF110 binds directly to CAGTTG and CCGTTG motifs in the AcGST1 promoter. These results indicate that AcMYBF110 plays an important role in transcriptional regulation of AcGST1 and, therefore, in controlling accumulation of anthocyanins in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yingwei Qi
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Aling Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hanxiao Wu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhande Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Pérez-Álvarez EP, Ruiz-González R, Nonell S, Garde-Cerdán T. Riboflavin applications to grapevine leaves and berries blue-light post-harvest treatments modifies grape anthocyanins and amino acids contents. Food Res Int 2019; 122:479-486. [PMID: 31229103 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Light is an energy source and key environmental factor for plants. Out of the different light wavelengths, blue-light is one of the most relevant spectral regions because of its relation to anthocyanins biosynthesis. Among the compounds present in grapes, anthocyanins determine their main organoleptic and healthy properties; while a minimum concentration of ammonium and amino acids is necessary for a desirable development of the alcoholic fermentation. Moreover, amino acids are precursors of several volatile compounds synthetized during the fermentation. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of riboflavin (vitamin B2) applications, at harvest and one week later,to grapevine leaves in combination with post-harvest blue-light irradiation on Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L.) grape anthocyanins and amino acidscomposition. The combination of blue-light irradiation and two riboflavin doses as well as theseindividual factors affected both grape anthocyanins and amino acidsconcentrations. After one week of storage, anthocyanins concentration diminished when clusters were irradiated with blue-light; while for amino acids content, the trend to increase or decrease is dependent on the riboflavin dose applied in vines and the storage time.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Pérez-Álvarez
- Grupo VIENAP, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Ctra. de Burgos, Km. 6., 26007 Logroño, Spain.
| | - R Ruiz-González
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Vía Augusta, 390.08017, Barcelona, Spain; Esencias Moles S.A. Avenida de Cataluña, 11. 08758 Cervelló, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - S Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Vía Augusta, 390.08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Garde-Cerdán
- Grupo VIENAP, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Ctra. de Burgos, Km. 6., 26007 Logroño, Spain
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Kaducová M, Monje-Rueda MD, García-Calderón M, Pérez-Delgado CM, Eliášová A, Gajdošová S, Petruľová V, Betti M, Márquez AJ, Paľove-Balang P. Induction of isoflavonoid biosynthesis in Lotus japonicus after UV-B irradiation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 236:88-95. [PMID: 30939333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced ultraviolet radiation (UV) is an important environmental factor that may cause reductions in the growth and productivity of plants. In the present work we studied the response to UV-B radiation in leaves of the model legume Lotus japonicus. After UV-B treatment, induction of phenyalanine-ammonia lyase gene expression and enzyme activity was detected. Among the ten genes encoding for PAL found in the L. japonicus genome, LjPAL1 was both the most expressed and the most induced. All the genes encoding for enzymes of the isoflavonoid pathway were also strongly induced; this was paralleled by a marked accumulation of vestitol and isoliquiritigenin. Moreover, accumulation of several other isoflavonoids was also detected. In vitro measurements of the free radical scavenging capacity of vestitol indicated that this compound can be an appropriate free radical scavenger, suggesting a possible role for this molecule in the response to abiotic stress. On the other hand, an increase of flavonol levels was not observed while the expression of the key enzymes for flavonol biosynthesis flavanone-3-hydroxylase and flavonol synthase was decreased. Taken together, these results indicate that L. japonicus follows a peculiar strategy in its response to UV radiation by accumulating isoflavonoids as an possible alternative to accumulation of flavonols as observed in other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Kaducová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik Unversity in Košice, Mánesova 23, SK-04001, Košice, Slovakia
| | - María Dolores Monje-Rueda
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Professor Gárcia González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Margarita García-Calderón
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Professor Gárcia González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen María Pérez-Delgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Professor Gárcia González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Adriana Eliášová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, Ul. 17. Novembra 1, SK-08116 Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Gajdošová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik Unversity in Košice, Mánesova 23, SK-04001, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Petruľová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik Unversity in Košice, Mánesova 23, SK-04001, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marco Betti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Professor Gárcia González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio J Márquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Professor Gárcia González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Peter Paľove-Balang
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik Unversity in Košice, Mánesova 23, SK-04001, Košice, Slovakia.
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Motta EVS, Sampaio BL, Costa JC, Teixeira SP, Bastos JK. Quantitative analysis of phenolic metabolites in Copaifera langsdorffii leaves from plants of different geographic origins cultivated under the same environmental conditions. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:364-372. [PMID: 30648323 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Galloylquinic acid derivatives and flavonoids are the main phenolic metabolites found in Copaifera langsdorffii leaves (Leguminosae, Detarioideae), a medicinal plant with potential therapeutic application in the treatment of kidney stones. The factors that affect metabolite production in this plant species are not well understood but may include environmental and genetic factors. OBJECTIVE To quantify the variation in metabolite production over a 12-month period for 10 groups of C. langsdorffii cultivated under the same environmental conditions. METHODS Copaifera langsdorffii seeds were collected from 10 different regions in southeast, Brazil and grown in the same field. HPLC-UV was used to quantify nine galloylquinic acid derivatives and two flavonoids in leaf samples from mature trees. Climate data for humidity, radiation, precipitation and temperature were provided by the National Institute of Meteorology, Brazil. Multivariate analyses were performed to correlate chemical and environmental variables. RESULTS The overall effect of environmental factors on the production of phenolic metabolites was uniform among C. langsdorffii groups. Chemical variation between groups was present, but small, and probably due to differences in their genetics and physiology. Seasonal changes influenced the production of the major phenolic metabolites, with increases in temperature and radiation levels favouring metabolite production. CONCLUSION When C. langsdorffii trees are cultivated in the same environment, the production of the major secondary metabolites found in their leaves is very similar quantitatively, varying based on geographic location of original population and seasonal changes. This favours the standardisation of plant raw material for the production of a phytomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick V S Motta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Sampaio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Costa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Simone P Teixeira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jairo K Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Tava A, Pecio Ł, Lo Scalzo R, Stochmal A, Pecetti L. Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Trifolium Germplasm from Different Environments. Molecules 2019; 24:E298. [PMID: 30650606 PMCID: PMC6359428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolics are important mediators in plant-environment interactions. The presence and concentration of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity were evaluated in leaves and flowers of a set of Trifolium species originating from contrasting environments encompassing lowland and mountain sites. The current germplasm proved a great reservoir of phenolic compounds, with different chemical structure and, possibly, diversified biological activity. Germplasm groups with specific phenolic composition were observed. In some cases, different patterns bore a taxonomic meaning. Lowland germplasm showed higher concentration of total phenolics in leaves than mountain accessions (50.30 vs. 34.19 mg/g dry matter (DM)), while the latter had higher concentration in flowers (114.16 vs. 57.44 mg/g DM). Outstanding concentration of isoflavones was observed in leaves of lowland germplasm (24.19 mg/g DM), and of both proanthocyanidins and flavonoids in flowers of mountain germplasm (53.81 and 56.62 mg/g DM, respectively). The pattern of phenolic composition in lowland and mountain germplasm was suggestive of different adaptive strategies. Three assays of antioxidant activity were tested, which were characterised by rather different reactivity towards phenolic composition. The scavenging activity was higher for leaf extracts of lowland germplasm, and for flower extracts of mountain germplasm. Besides identifying germplasm of interest, this study also suggested possible links between environmental factors and concentration and composition of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Tava
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
| | - Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, via G. Venezian 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Luciano Pecetti
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
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Puertas-Mejía MA, Gutierrez-Villegas MI, Mejía-Giraldo JC, Winkler R, Rojano B. In vitro UV absorption properties and radical scavenging capacity of Morella parvifolia (Benth.) Parra-Os. extracts. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000317498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a secosterol hormone critical for bone growth and calcium homeostasis, produced in vertebrate skin by photolytic conversion of the cholesterol biosynthetic intermediate provitamin D3. Insufficient levels of vitamin D3 especially in the case of low solar UV-B irradiation is often compensated by an intake of a dietary source of vitamin D3 of animal origin. Small amounts of vitamin D3 were described in a few plant species and considered as a peculiar feature of their phytochemical diversity. In this report we show the presence of vitamin D5 in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This plant secosterol is a UV-B mediated derivative of provitamin D5, the precursor of sitosterol. The present work will allow a further survey of vitamin D distribution in plant species.
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Liu M, Ma Z, Zheng T, Sun W, Zhang Y, Jin W, Zhan J, Cai Y, Tang Y, Wu Q, Tang Z, Bu T, Li C, Chen H. Insights into the correlation between Physiological changes in and seed development of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.). BMC Genomics 2018; 19:648. [PMID: 30170551 PMCID: PMC6119279 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) is a widely cultivated medicinal and edible crop with excellent economic and nutritional value. The development of tartary buckwheat seeds is a very complex process involving many expression-dependent physiological changes and regulation of a large number of genes and phytohormones. In recent years, the gene regulatory network governing the physiological changes occurring during seed development have received little attention. RESULTS Here, we characterized the seed development of tartary buckwheat using light and electron microscopy and measured phytohormone and nutrient accumulation by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by profiling the expression of key genes using RNA sequencing with the support of the tartary buckwheat genome. We first divided the development of tartary buckwheat seed into five stages that include complex changes in development, morphology, physiology and phytohormone levels. At the same time, the contents of phytohormones (gibberellin, indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, and zeatin) and nutrients (rutin, starch, total proteins and soluble sugars) at five stages were determined, and their accumulation patterns in the development of tartary buckwheat seeds were analyzed. Second, gene expression patterns of tartary buckwheat samples were compared during three seed developmental stages (13, 19, and 25 days postanthesis, DPA), and 9 765 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. We analyzed the overlapping DEGs in different sample combinations and measured 665 DEGs in the three samples. Furthermore, expression patterns of DEGs related to phytohormones, flavonoids, starch, and storage proteins were analyzed. Third, we noted the correlation between the trait (physiological changes, nutrient changes) and metabolites during seed development, and discussed the key genes that might be involved in the synthesis and degradation of each of them. CONCLUSION We provided abundant genomic resources for tartary buckwheat and Polygonaceae communities and revealed novel molecular insights into the correlations between the physiological changes and seed development of tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyang Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Zhaotang Ma
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Tianrun Zheng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Weiqiong Jin
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Junyi Zhan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yuntao Cai
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yujia Tang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Zizhong Tang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Tongliang Bu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Chenglei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
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Baker LA, Staniforth M, Flourat AL, Allais F, Stavros VG. Gas-Solution Phase Transient Absorption Study of the Plant Sunscreen Derivative Methyl Sinapate. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL United Kingdom
- Present address: Department of Science; George Abbot School; Woodruff Avenue Guildford, Surrey GU1 1XX United Kingdom
| | - Michael Staniforth
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL United Kingdom
| | - Amandine L. Flourat
- Chaire Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI); AgroParisTech; CEBB 3 rue des Rouges Terres F-51110 Pomacle France
| | - Florent Allais
- Chaire Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI); AgroParisTech; CEBB 3 rue des Rouges Terres F-51110 Pomacle France
| | - Vasilios G. Stavros
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL United Kingdom
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Novel Beverages of Yerba-Mate and Soy: Bioactive Compounds and Functional Properties. BEVERAGES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages4010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Organ-Specific Metabolic Shifts of Flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis at Different Growth and Development Stages. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020428. [PMID: 29462853 PMCID: PMC6017826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine mainly containing flavonoids that contribute to its bioactivities. In this study, the distributions and dynamic changes of flavonoid levels in various organs of S. baicalensis at different development stages were investigated by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and HPLC-DAD methods. The results indicated that the metabolic profiles of S. baicalensis changed with growth and development. During the initial germination stage, the seeds mainly contained flavonols. With growth, the main kinds of flavonoids in S. baicalensis changed from flavonols to flavanones and flavones. The results also revealed that the accumulation of flavonoids in S. baicalensis is organ-specific. The flavones without 4′-OH groups mainly accumulate in the root and the flavanones mainly accumulate in aerial organs. Dynamic accumulation analysis showed that the main flavonoids in the root of S. baicalensis accumulated rapidly before the full-bloom stage, then changed to a small extent. The results suggested the proper harvest time for the aerial parts was at the initial stage of reproductive growth and the flower buds should be collected before flowering. This study deepening the knowledge of S. baicalensis should provide valuable information for guiding the scientific cultivation of this plant and the development and utilization of S. baicalensis.
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