1
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Khan M, Uhse S, Bindics J, Kogelmann B, Nagarajan N, Tabassum R, Ingole KD, Djamei A. Tip of the iceberg? Three novel TOPLESS-interacting effectors of the gall-inducing fungus Ustilago maydis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39021059 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Ustilago maydis is a biotrophic pathogen causing smut disease in maize. It secretes a cocktail of effector proteins, which target different host proteins during its biotrophic stages in the host plant. One such class of proteins we identified previously is TOPLESS (TPL) and TOPLESS-RELATED (TPR) transcriptional corepressors. Here, we screened 297 U. maydis effector candidates for their ability to interact with maize TPL protein RAMOSA 1 ENHANCER LOCUS 2 LIKE 2 (RELK2) and their ability to induce auxin signaling and thereby identified three novel TPL-interacting protein effectors (Tip6, Tip7, and Tip8). Structural modeling and mutational analysis allowed the identification of TPL-interaction motifs of Tip6 and Tip7. In planta interaction between Tip6 and Tip7 with RELK2 occurs mainly in nuclear compartments, whereas Tip8 colocalizes with RELK2 in a compartment outside the nucleus. Overexpression of Tip8 in nonhost plants leads to cell death, indicating recognition of the effector or its activity. By performing infection assays with single and multideletion mutants of U. maydis, we demonstrate a positive role of Tip6 and Tip7 in U. maydis virulence. Transcriptional profiling of maize leaves infected with Tip effector mutants in comparison with SG200 strain suggests Tip effector activities are not merely redundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoona Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Simon Uhse
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Janos Bindics
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Benjamin Kogelmann
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Nithya Nagarajan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Riaz Tabassum
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Kishor D Ingole
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Armin Djamei
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, Bonn, 53115, Germany
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, 1030, Austria
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2
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Bellino C, Herrera FE, Rodrigues D, Garay AS, Huck SV, Reinheimer R. Molecular Evolution of RAMOSA1 (RA1) in Land Plants. Biomolecules 2024; 14:550. [PMID: 38785957 PMCID: PMC11117814 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
RAMOSA1 (RA1) is a Cys2-His2-type (C2H2) zinc finger transcription factor that controls plant meristem fate and identity and has played an important role in maize domestication. Despite its importance, the origin of RA1 is unknown, and the evolution in plants is only partially understood. In this paper, we present a well-resolved phylogeny based on 73 amino acid sequences from 48 embryophyte species. The recovered tree topology indicates that, during grass evolution, RA1 arose from two consecutive SUPERMAN duplications, resulting in three distinct grass sequence lineages: RA1-like A, RA1-like B, and RA1; however, most of these copies have unknown functions. Our findings indicate that RA1 and RA1-like play roles in the nucleus despite lacking a traditional nuclear localization signal. Here, we report that copies diversified their coding region and, with it, their protein structure, suggesting different patterns of DNA binding and protein-protein interaction. In addition, each of the retained copies diversified regulatory elements along their promoter regions, indicating differences in their upstream regulation. Taken together, the evidence indicates that the RA1 and RA1-like gene families in grasses underwent subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization enabled by gene duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bellino
- Fellow of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina (CONICET), Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, CCT-Santa Fe, Ruta Nacional N° 168 Km 0, s/n, Paraje el Pozo, Santa Fe S3000, Argentina;
| | - Fernando E. Herrera
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe S3000, Argentina; (F.E.H.); (D.R.)
| | - Daniel Rodrigues
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe S3000, Argentina; (F.E.H.); (D.R.)
| | - A. Sergio Garay
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe S3000, Argentina;
| | - Sofía V. Huck
- Fellow of Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, CCT-Santa Fe, Ruta Nacional N° 168 Km 0, s/n, Paraje el Pozo, Santa Fe S3000, Argentina;
| | - Renata Reinheimer
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina (CONICET), Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, FCA, CONICET, CCT-Santa Fe, Ruta Nacional N° 168 Km 0, s/n, Paraje el Pozo, Santa Fe S3000, Argentina
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3
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Leydon AR, Downing B, Sanchez JS, Loll-Krippleber R, Belliveau NM, Rodriguez-Mias RA, Bauer A, Watson IJ, Bae L, Villén J, Brown GW, Nemhauser JL. A conserved function of corepressors is to nucleate assembly of the transcriptional preinitiation complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.01.587599. [PMID: 38617365 PMCID: PMC11014602 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.01.587599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The plant corepressor TPL is recruited to diverse chromatin contexts, yet its mechanism of repression remains unclear. Previously, we have leveraged the fact that TPL retains its function in a synthetic transcriptional circuit in the yeast model Saccharomyces cerevisiae to localize repressive function to two distinct domains. Here, we employed two unbiased whole genome approaches to map the physical and genetic interactions of TPL at a repressed locus. We identified SPT4, SPT5 and SPT6 as necessary for repression with the SPT4 subunit acting as a bridge connecting TPL to SPT5 and SPT6. We also discovered the association of multiple additional constituents of the transcriptional preinitiation complex at TPL-repressed promoters, specifically those involved in early transcription initiation events. These findings were validated in yeast and plants through multiple assays, including a novel method to analyze conditional loss of function of essential genes in plants. Our findings support a model where TPL nucleates preassembly of the transcription activation machinery to facilitate rapid onset of transcription once repression is relieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Downing
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Bauer
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | | | - Lena Bae
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | - Judit Villén
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | - Grant W. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CA
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4
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Khan M, Djamei A. TOPLESS Corepressors as an Emerging Hub of Plant Pathogen Effectors. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:190-195. [PMID: 38205771 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-23-0158-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Transcriptional corepressors form an ancient and essential layer of gene expression control in eukaryotes. TOPLESS and TOPLESS-RELATED (TPL/TPR) proteins constitute a conserved family of Groucho (Gro)/thymidine uptake 1 (Tup1)-type transcriptional corepressors and control diverse growth, developmental, and stress signaling responses in plants. Because of their central and versatile regulatory roles, they act as a signaling hub to integrate various input signaling pathways in the transcriptional responses. Recently, increasing pieces of evidence indicate the roles of TPL/TPR family proteins in the modulation of plant immunity. This is supported by studies on effectors of distantly related pathogens that target TPL/TPR proteins in planta. In this short review, we will summarize the latest findings concerning pathogens targeting plant TPL/TPR proteins to manipulate plant signaling responses for the successful invasion of their hosts. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoona Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Armin Djamei
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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5
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Huang L, Ökmen B, Stolze SC, Kastl M, Khan M, Hilbig D, Nakagami H, Djamei A, Doehlemann G. The fungal pathogen Ustilago maydis targets the maize corepressor RELK2 to modulate host transcription for tumorigenesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1747-1762. [PMID: 38037456 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Ustilago maydis is a biotrophic fungus that causes tumor formation on all aerial parts of maize. U. maydis secretes effector proteins during penetration and colonization to successfully overcome the plant immune response and reprogram host physiology to promote infection. In this study, we functionally characterized the U. maydis effector protein Topless (TPL) interacting protein 6 (Tip6). We found that Tip6 interacts with the N-terminus of RELK2 through its two Ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motifs. We show that the EAR motifs are essential for the virulence function of Tip6 and critical for altering the nuclear distribution pattern of RELK2. We propose that Tip6 mimics the recruitment of RELK2 by plant repressor proteins, thus disrupting host transcriptional regulation. We show that a large group of AP2/ERF B1 subfamily transcription factors are misregulated in the presence of Tip6. Our study suggests a regulatory mechanism where the U. maydis effector Tip6 utilizes repressive domains to recruit the corepressor RELK2 to disrupt the transcriptional networks of the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Huang
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
| | - Bilal Ökmen
- Department of Microbial Interactions, IMIT/ZMBP, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Sara Christina Stolze
- Protein Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Melanie Kastl
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Mamoona Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Daniel Hilbig
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Protein Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
- Basic Immune System of Plants, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Armin Djamei
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Gunther Doehlemann
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
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6
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Xie P, Wu Y, Xie Q. Evolution of cereal floral architecture and threshability. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1438-1450. [PMID: 37673701 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Hulled grains, while providing natural protection for seeds, pose a challenge to manual threshing due to the pair of glumes tightly encasing them. Based on natural evolution and artificial domestication, gramineous crops evolved various hull-like floral organs. Recently, progress has been made in uncovering novel domesticated genes associated with cereal threshability and deciphering common regulatory modules pertinent to the specification of hull-like floral organs. Here we review morphological similarities, principal regulators, and common mechanisms implicated in the easy-threshing traits of crops. Understanding the shared and unique features in the developmental process of cereal threshability may not only shed light on the convergent evolution of cereals but also facilitate the de novo domestication of wild cereal germplasm resources through genome-editing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xie
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Yaorong Wu
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xie
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Center of Technology Innovation for Maize, Syngenta Group China, Beijing 102206, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
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7
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Prigge MJ, Morffy N, de Neve A, Szutu W, Abraham-Juárez MJ, Johnson K, Do N, Lavy M, Hake S, Strader L, Estelle M, Richardson AE. Comparative mutant analyses reveal a novel mechanism of ARF regulation in land plants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.09.566459. [PMID: 38014308 PMCID: PMC10680667 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.09.566459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in plant biology is to understand how the plant hormone auxin regulates diverse transcriptional responses throughout development, in different environments, and in different species. The answer may lie in the specific complement of auxin signaling components in each cell. The balance between activators (class-A AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS) and repressors (class-B ARFs) is particularly important. It is unclear how this balance is achieved. Through comparative analysis of novel, dominant mutants in maize and the moss Physcomitrium patens , we have discovered a ∼500-million-year-old mechanism of class-B ARF protein level regulation, important in determining cell fate decisions across land plants. Thus, our results add a key piece to the puzzle of how auxin regulates plant development.
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8
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Hong L, Fletcher JC. Stem Cells: Engines of Plant Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14889. [PMID: 37834339 PMCID: PMC10573764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of both animals and plants relies on populations of pluripotent stem cells that provide the cellular raw materials for organ and tissue formation. Plant stem cell reservoirs are housed at the shoot and root tips in structures called meristems, with the shoot apical meristem (SAM) continuously producing aerial leaf, stem, and flower organs throughout the life cycle. Thus, the SAM acts as the engine of plant development and has unique structural and molecular features that allow it to balance self-renewal with differentiation and act as a constant source of new cells for organogenesis while simultaneously maintaining a stem cell reservoir for future organ formation. Studies have identified key roles for intercellular regulatory networks that establish and maintain meristem activity, including the KNOX transcription factor pathway and the CLV-WUS stem cell feedback loop. In addition, the plant hormones cytokinin and auxin act through their downstream signaling pathways in the SAM to integrate stem cell activity and organ initiation. This review discusses how the various regulatory pathways collectively orchestrate SAM function and touches on how their manipulation can alter stem cell activity to improve crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- Plant Gene Expression Center, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Fletcher
- Plant Gene Expression Center, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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9
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Duan H, Xue Z, Ju X, Yang L, Gao J, Sun L, Xu S, Li J, Xiong X, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Ding D, Zhang X, Tang J. The genetic architecture of prolificacy in maize revealed by association mapping and bulk segregant analysis. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:182. [PMID: 37555969 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Here, we revealed maize prolificacy highly correlated with domestication and identified a causal gene ZmEN1 located in one novel QTL qGEN261 that regulating maize prolificacy by using multiple-mapping methods. The development of maize prolificacy (EN) is crucial for enhancing yield and breeding specialty varieties. To achieve this goal, we employed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to analyze the genetic architecture of EN in maize. Using 492 inbred lines with a wide range of EN variability, our results demonstrated significant differences in genetic, environmental, and interaction effects. The broad-sense heritability (H2) of EN was 0.60. Through GWAS, we identified 527 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), involved 290 quantitative trait loci (QTL) and 806 genes. Of these SNPs, 18 and 509 were classified as major effect loci and minor loci, respectively. In addition, we performed a bulk segregant analysis (BSA) in an F2 population constructed by a few-ears line Zheng58 and a multi-ears line 647. Our BSA results identified one significant QTL, qBEN1. Importantly, combining the GWAS and BSA, four co-located QTL, involving six genes, were identified. Three of them were expressed in vegetative meristem, shoot tip, internode and tip of ear primordium, with ZmEN1, encodes an unknown auxin-like protein, having the highest expression level in these tissues. It suggested that ZmEN1 plays a crucial role in promoting axillary bud and tillering to encourage the formation of prolificacy. Haplotype analysis of ZmEN1 revealed significant differences between different haplotypes, with inbred lines carrying hap6 having more EN. Overall, this is the first report about using GWAS and BSA to dissect the genetic architecture of EN in maize, which can be valuable for breeding specialty maize varieties and improving maize yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, No. 218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjie Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, No. 218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Ju
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, No. 218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Jionghao Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, No. 218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, No. 218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, No. 218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, No. 218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, No. 218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, No. 218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Zhucheng Mingjue Tender Company Limited, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, No. 218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, No. 218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, No. 218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Sun S, Wang B, Li C, Xu G, Yang J, Hufford MB, Ross-Ibarra J, Wang H, Wang L. Unraveling Prevalence and Effects of Deleterious Mutations in Maize Elite Lines across Decades of Modern Breeding. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad170. [PMID: 37494285 PMCID: PMC10414807 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Future breeding is likely to involve the detection and removal of deleterious alleles, which are mutations that negatively affect crop fitness. However, little is known about the prevalence of such mutations and their effects on phenotypic traits in the context of modern crop breeding. To address this, we examined the number and frequency of deleterious mutations in 350 elite maize inbred lines developed over the past few decades in China and the United States. Our findings reveal an accumulation of weakly deleterious mutations and a decrease in strongly deleterious mutations, indicating the dominant effects of genetic drift and purifying selection for the two types of mutations, respectively. We also discovered that slightly deleterious mutations, when at lower frequencies, were more likely to be heterozygous in the developed hybrids. This is consistent with complementation as a potential explanation for heterosis. Subsequently, we found that deleterious mutations accounted for more of the variation in phenotypic traits than nondeleterious mutations with matched minor allele frequencies, especially for traits related to leaf angle and flowering time. Moreover, we detected fewer deleterious mutations in the promoter and gene body regions of differentially expressed genes across breeding eras than in nondifferentially expressed genes. Overall, our results provide a comprehensive assessment of the prevalence and impact of deleterious mutations in modern maize breeding and establish a useful baseline for future maize improvement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Sun
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baobao Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changyu Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gen Xu
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jinliang Yang
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Matthew B Hufford
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan, China
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11
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Li W, Yan J, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Guan Z, Yao Y, Chang Y, Tu H, Li X, Wang H, Xiong H, Lai X, Yin P, Xiong L. Serine protease NAL1 exerts pleiotropic functions through degradation of TOPLESS-related corepressor in rice. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1130-1142. [PMID: 37349549 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
NARROW LEAF 1 (NAL1) is a breeding-valuable pleiotropic gene that affects multiple agronomic traits in rice, although the molecular mechanism is largely unclear. Here, we report that NAL1 is a serine protease and displays a novel hexameric structure consisting of two ATP-mediated doughnut-shaped trimeric complexes. Moreover, we identified TOPLESS-related corepressor OsTPR2 involved in multiple growth and development processes as the substrate of NAL1. We found that NAL1 degraded OsTPR2, thus modulating the expression of downstream genes related to hormone signalling pathways, eventually achieving its pleiotropic physiological function. An elite allele, NAL1A, which may have originated from wild rice, could increase grain yield. Furthermore, the NAL1 homologues in different crops have a similar pleiotropic function to NAL1. Our study uncovers a NAL1-OsTPR2 regulatory module and provides gene resources for the design of high-yield crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeyuan Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yilong Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haifu Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaokai Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaijun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuelei Lai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lizhong Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Sun B, Shen Y, Chen S, Shi Z, Li H, Miao X. A novel transcriptional repressor complex MYB22-TOPLESS-HDAC1 promotes rice resistance to brown planthopper by repressing F3'H expression. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:720-738. [PMID: 37149887 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH) is the most destructive pest of rice. The MYB transcription factors are vital for rice immunity, but most are activators. Although MYB22 positively regulates rice resistance to BPH and has an EAR motif associated with active repression, it remains unclear whether it is a transcriptional repressor affecting rice-BPH interaction. Genetic analyses revealed that MYB22 regulates rice resistance to BPH via its EAR motif. Several biochemical experiments (e.g. transient transcription assay, Y2H, LCA, and BiFC) indicated that MYB22 is a transcriptional repressor that interacts with the corepressor TOPLESS via its EAR motif and recruits HDAC1 to form a tripartite complex. Flavonoid-3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) is a flavonoid biosynthesis pathway-related gene that negatively regulates rice resistance to BPH. Based on a bioinformatics analysis and the results of EMSA and transient transcription assays, MYB22 can bind directly to the F3'H promoter and repress gene expression along with TOPLESS and HDAC1. We revealed a transcriptional regulatory mechanism influencing the rice-BPH interaction that differs from previously reported mechanisms. Specifically, MYB22-TOPLESS-HDAC1 is a novel transcriptional repressor complex with components that synergistically and positively regulate rice resistance to BPH through the transcriptional repression of F3'H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanjie Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Su Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenying Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Haichao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuexia Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
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13
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Wang Y, Bi Y, Jiang F, Shaw RK, Sun J, Hu C, Guo R, Fan X. Mapping and Functional Analysis of QTL for Kernel Number per Row in Tropical and Temperate-Tropical Introgression Lines of Maize ( Zea mays L.). Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4416-4430. [PMID: 37232750 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Kernel number per row (KNR) is an essential component of maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield (GY), and understanding its genetic mechanism is crucial to improve GY. In this study, two F7 recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations were created using a temperate-tropical introgression line TML418 and a tropical inbred line CML312 as female parents and a backbone maize inbred line Ye107 as the common male parent. Bi-parental quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) were then performed on 399 lines of the two maize RIL populations for KNR in two different environments using 4118 validated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. This study aimed to: (1) detect molecular markers and/or the genomic regions associated with KNR; (2) identify the candidate genes controlling KNR; and (3) analyze whether the candidate genes are useful in improving GY. The authors reported a total of 7 QTLs tightly linked to KNR through bi-parental QTL mapping and identified 21 SNPs significantly associated with KNR through GWAS. Among these, a highly confident locus qKNR7-1 was detected at two locations, Dehong and Baoshan, with both mapping approaches. At this locus, three novel candidate genes (Zm00001d022202, Zm00001d022168, Zm00001d022169) were identified to be associated with KNR. These candidate genes were primarily involved in the processes related to compound metabolism, biosynthesis, protein modification, degradation, and denaturation, all of which were related to the inflorescence development affecting KNR. These three candidate genes were not reported previously and are considered new candidate genes for KNR. The progeny of the hybrid Ye107 × TML418 exhibited strong heterosis for KNR, which the authors believe might be related to qKNR7-1. This study provides a theoretical foundation for future research on the genetic mechanism underlying KNR in maize and the use of heterotic patterns to develop high-yielding hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Wang
- Institute of Resource Plants, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Yaqi Bi
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Fuyan Jiang
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Ranjan Kumar Shaw
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Can Hu
- Institute of Resource Plants, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Ruijia Guo
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Xingming Fan
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
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Advances of Apetala2/Ethylene Response Factors in Regulating Development and Stress Response in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065416. [PMID: 36982510 PMCID: PMC10049130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Apetala2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) is one of the largest families of transcription factors, regulating growth, development, and stress response in plants. Several studies have been conducted to clarify their roles in Arabidopsis and rice. However, less research has been carried out on maize. In this review, we systematically identified the AP2/ERFs in the maize genome and summarized the research progress related to AP2/ERF genes. The potential roles were predicted from rice homologs based on phylogenetic and collinear analysis. The putative regulatory interactions mediated by maize AP2/ERFs were discovered according to integrated data sources, implying that they involved complex networks in biological activities. This will facilitate the functional assignment of AP2/ERFs and their applications in breeding strategy.
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15
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Strable J, Unger-Wallace E, Aragón Raygoza A, Briggs S, Vollbrecht E. Interspecies transfer of RAMOSA1 orthologs and promoter cis sequences impacts maize inflorescence architecture. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1084-1101. [PMID: 36508348 PMCID: PMC9922432 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Grass inflorescences support floral structures that each bear a single grain, where variation in branch architecture directly impacts yield. The maize (Zea mays) RAMOSA1 (ZmRA1) transcription factor acts as a key regulator of inflorescence development by imposing branch meristem determinacy. Here, we show RA1 transcripts accumulate in boundary domains adjacent to spikelet meristems in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, Sb) and green millet (Setaria viridis, Sv) inflorescences similar as in the developing maize tassel and ear. To evaluate the functional conservation of syntenic RA1 orthologs and promoter cis sequences in maize, sorghum, and setaria, we utilized interspecies gene transfer and assayed genetic complementation in a common inbred background by quantifying recovery of normal branching in highly ramified ra1-R mutants. A ZmRA1 transgene that includes endogenous upstream and downstream flanking sequences recovered normal tassel and ear branching in ra1-R. Interspecies expression of two transgene variants of the SbRA1 locus, modeled as the entire endogenous tandem duplication or just the nonframeshifted downstream copy, complemented ra1-R branching defects and induced unusual fasciation and branch patterns. The SvRA1 locus lacks conserved, upstream noncoding cis sequences found in maize and sorghum; interspecies expression of a SvRA1 transgene did not or only partially recovered normal inflorescence forms. Driving expression of the SvRA1 coding region by the ZmRA1 upstream region, however, recovered normal inflorescence morphology in ra1-R. These data leveraging interspecies gene transfer suggest that cis-encoded temporal regulation of RA1 expression is a key factor in modulating branch meristem determinacy that ultimately impacts grass inflorescence architecture.
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16
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Rhizogenic Agrobacterium protein RolB interacts with the TOPLESS repressor proteins to reprogram plant immunity and development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2210300120. [PMID: 36634142 PMCID: PMC9934019 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210300120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizogenic Agrobacterium strains comprise biotrophic pathogens that cause hairy root disease (HRD) on hydroponically grown Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae crops, besides being widely explored agents for the creation of hairy root cultures for the sustainable production of plant-specialized metabolites. Hairy root formation is mediated through the expression of genes encoded on the T-DNA of the root-inducing (Ri) plasmid, of which several, including root oncogenic locus B (rolB), play a major role in hairy root development. Despite decades of research, the exact molecular function of the proteins encoded by the rol genes remains enigmatic. Here, by means of TurboID-mediated proximity labeling in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) hairy roots, we identified the repressor proteins TOPLESS (TPL) and Novel Interactor of JAZ (NINJA) as direct interactors of RolB. Although these interactions allow RolB to act as a transcriptional repressor, our data hint at another in planta function of the RolB oncoprotein. Hence, by a series of plant bioassays, transcriptomic and DNA-binding site enrichment analyses, we conclude that RolB can mitigate the TPL functioning so that it leads to a specific and partial reprogramming of phytohormone signaling, immunity, growth, and developmental processes. Our data support a model in which RolB manipulates host transcription, at least in part, through interaction with TPL, to facilitate hairy root development. Thereby, we provide important mechanistic insights into this renowned oncoprotein in HRD.
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17
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Li K, Tassinari A, Giuliani S, Rosignoli S, Urbany C, Tuberosa R, Salvi S. QTL mapping identifies novel major loci for kernel row number-associated ear fasciation, ear prolificacy and tillering in maize ( Zea mays L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1017983. [PMID: 36704171 PMCID: PMC9871824 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1017983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Maize ear fasciation originates from excessive or abnormal proliferation of the ear meristem and usually manifests as flattened multiple-tipped ear and/or disordered kernel arrangement. Ear prolificacy expresses as multiple ears per plant or per node. Both ear fasciation and prolificacy can affect grain yield. The genetic control of the two traits was studied using two recombinant inbred line populations (B73 × Lo1016 and Lo964 × Lo1016) with Lo1016 and Lo964 as donors of ear fasciation and prolificacy, respectively. Ear fasciation-related traits, number of kernel rows (KRN), ear prolificacy and number of tillers were phenotyped in multi-year field experiments. Ear fasciation traits and KRN showed relatively high heritability (h 2 > 0.5) except ratio of ear diameters. For all ear fasciation-related traits, fasciation level positively correlated with KRN (0.30 ≤ r ≤ 0.68). Prolificacy and tillering were not correlated and their h 2 ranged from 0.41 to 0.78. QTL mapping identified four QTLs for ear fasciation, on chromosomes 1 (two QTLs), 5 and 7, the latter two overlapping with QTLs for number of kernel rows. Notably, at these QTLs, the Lo1016 alleles increased both ear fasciation and KRN across populations, thus showing potential breeding applicability. Four and five non-overlapping QTLs were mapped for ear prolificacy and tillering, respectively. Two ear fasciation QTLs, qFas1.2 and qFas7, overlapped with fasciation QTLs mapped in other studies and spanned compact plant2 and ramosa1 candidate genes. Our study identified novel ear fasciation loci and alleles positively affecting grain yield components, and ear prolificacy and tillering loci which are unexpectedly still segregating in elite maize materials, contributing useful information for genomics-assisted breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Tassinari
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Giuliani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Rosignoli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Tuberosa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvio Salvi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Dang D, Guan Y, Zheng H, Zhang X, Zhang A, Wang H, Ruan Y, Qin L. Genome-Wide Association Study and Genomic Prediction on Plant Architecture Traits in Sweet Corn and Waxy Corn. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:303. [PMID: 36679015 PMCID: PMC9867343 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sweet corn and waxy corn has a better taste and higher accumulated nutritional value than regular maize, and is widely planted and popularly consumed throughout the world. Plant height (PH), ear height (EH), and tassel branch number (TBN) are key plant architecture traits, which play an important role in improving grain yield in maize. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genomic prediction analysis were conducted on plant architecture traits of PH, EH, and TBN in a fresh edible maize population consisting of 190 sweet corn inbred lines and 287 waxy corn inbred lines. Phenotypic data from two locations showed high heritability for all three traits, with significant differences observed between sweet corn and waxy corn for both PH and EH. The differences between the three subgroups of sweet corn were not obvious for all three traits. Population structure and PCA analysis results divided the whole population into three subgroups, i.e., sweet corn, waxy corn, and the subgroup mixed with sweet and waxy corn. Analysis of GWAS was conducted with 278,592 SNPs obtained from resequencing data; 184, 45, and 68 significantly associated SNPs were detected for PH, EH, and TBN, respectively. The phenotypic variance explained (PVE) values of these significant SNPs ranged from 3.50% to 7.0%. The results of this study lay the foundation for further understanding the genetic basis of plant architecture traits in sweet corn and waxy corn. Genomic selection (GS) is a new approach for improving quantitative traits in large plant breeding populations that uses whole-genome molecular markers. The marker number and marker quality are essential for the application of GS in maize breeding. GWAS can choose the most related markers with the traits, so it can be used to improve the predictive accuracy of GS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Dang
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, Texcoco 56237, Mexico
| | - Yuan Guan
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hongjian Zheng
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xuecai Zhang
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, Texcoco 56237, Mexico
| | - Ao Zhang
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hui Wang
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yanye Ruan
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Li Qin
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Zhong J, Kong F. The control of compound inflorescences: insights from grasses and legumes. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:564-576. [PMID: 34973922 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in biology is to understand how organisms have increased developmental complexity during evolution. Inflorescences, with remarkable variation in branching systems, are a fitting model to understand architectural complexity. Inflorescences bear flowers that may become fruits and/or seeds, impacting crop productivity and species fitness. Great advances have been achieved in understanding the regulation of complex inflorescences, particularly in economically and ecologically important grasses and legumes. Surprisingly, a synthesis is still lacking regarding the common or distinct principles underlying the regulation of inflorescence complexity. Here, we synthesize the similarities and differences in the regulation of compound inflorescences in grasses and legumes, and propose that the emergence of novel higher-order repetitive modules is key to the evolution of inflorescence complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshun Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Street 483, Guangzhou 510642, China; Institute for Plant Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Köln, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 'SMART Plants for Tomorrow's Needs', Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Guadalupi C, Braglia L, Gavazzi F, Morello L, Breviario D. A Combinatorial Q-locus and Tubulin-Based Polymorphism (TBP) Approach Helps in Discriminating Triticum Species. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040633. [PMID: 35456439 PMCID: PMC9029001 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The simple and straightforward recognition of Triticum species is not an easy task due to their complex genetic origins. To provide a recommendation, we have compared the performance of different PCR-based methods relying on the discrimination ability of the Q- and γ-gliadin (GAG56D) genes, as well as TBP (Tubulin-Based Polymorphism), a method based on the multiple amplification of genes of the β-tubulin family. Among these approaches, the PCR-RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) assay based on a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) present in the Q gene is the only one capable of fully discerning hexaploid spelt and common wheat species, while both γ-gliadin and TBP fail with similar error frequencies. The Q-locus assay results in the attainment of either a single fragment or a doublet, depending on the presence of a suitable restriction site, which is affected by the mutation. This dual pattern of resolution limits both the diagnostic effectiveness, when additional Triticum species are assayed and compared to each other, and its usefulness, when commercially available flours are analyzed. These limitations are overtaken by flanking the Q-locus assay with the TBP analysis. In this way, almost all of the Triticum species can be accurately identified.
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21
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Li M, Zheng Y, Cui D, Du Y, Zhang D, Sun W, Du H, Zhang Z. GIF1 controls ear inflorescence architecture and floral development by regulating key genes in hormone biosynthesis and meristem determinacy in maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:127. [PMID: 35303806 PMCID: PMC8932133 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflorescence architecture and floral development in flowering plants are determined by genetic control of meristem identity, determinacy, and maintenance. The ear inflorescence meristem in maize (Zea mays) initiates short branch meristems called spikelet pair meristems, thus unlike the tassel inflorescence, the ears lack long branches. Maize growth-regulating factor (GRF)-interacting factor1 (GIF1) regulates branching and size of meristems in the tassel inflorescence by binding to Unbranched3. However, the regulatory pathway of gif1 in ear meristems is relatively unknown. RESULT In this study, we found that loss-of-function gif1 mutants had highly branched ears, and these extra branches repeatedly produce more branches and florets with unfused carpels and an indeterminate floral apex. In addition, GIF1 interacted in vivo with nine GRFs, subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, and hormone biosynthesis-related proteins. Furthermore, key meristem-determinacy gene RAMOSA2 (RA2) and CLAVATA signaling-related gene CLV3/ENDOSPERM SURROUNDING REGION (ESR) 4a (CLE4a) were directly bound and regulated by GIF1 in the ear inflorescence. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that GIF1 working together with GRFs recruits SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling ATPases to influence DNA accessibility in the regions that contain genes involved in hormone biosynthesis, meristem identity and determinacy, thus driving the fate of axillary meristems and floral organ primordia in the ear-inflorescence of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfei Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hewei Du
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zuxin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Du Y, Wu B, Xing Y, Zhang Z. Conservation and divergence: Regulatory networks underlying reproductive branching in rice and maize. J Adv Res 2022; 41:179-190. [PMID: 36328747 PMCID: PMC9637487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Branching pattern in maize and rice determines the inflorescence architecture and thus the final grain yield. The branching pattern is determined by meristem size, bud initiation and outgrowth, and controlled by endogenous and external factors. Genetic control of inflorescence branching including CLV-WUS feedback loop, Auxin-cytokinin crosstalk and miR156/SPL/miR172 in maize and rice is summarized. The comprehensive genetic networks associated with crop branching, will promote the transformation of molecular designs breeding based on regulatory networks via genome editing, then produce optimized inflorescence architecture.
Background Cereal crops are a major source of raw food and nutrition for humans worldwide. Inflorescence of cereal crops is their reproductive organ, which also contributes to crop productivity. The branching pattern in flowering plant species not only determines inflorescence architecture but also determines the grain yield. There are good reviews describing the grass inflorescence architecture contributing to the final grain yield. However, very few discuss the aspects of inflorescence branching. Aim of review This review aimed at systematically and comprehensively summarizing the latest progress in the field of conservation and divergence of genetic regulatory network that controls inflorescence branching in maize and rice, provide strategies to efficiently utilize the achievements in reproductive branching for crop yield improvement, and suggest a potential regulatory network underlying the inflorescence branching and vegetative branching system. Key scientific concepts of review Inflorescence branching is the consequence of a series of developmental events including the initiation, outgrowth, determinacy, and identity of reproductive axillary meristems, and it is controlled by a complex functional hierarchy of genetic networks. Initially, we compared the inflorescence architecture of maize and rice; then, we reviewed the genetic regulatory pathways controlling the inflorescence meristem size, bud initiation, and outgrowth, and the key transition steps that shape the inflorescence branching in maize and rice; additionally, we summarized strategies to effectively apply the recent advances in inflorescence branching for crop yield improvement. Finally, we discussed how the newly discovered hormones coordinate the regulation of inflorescence branching and yield traits. Furthermore, we discussed the possible reason behind distinct regulatory pathways for vegetative and inflorescence branching.
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23
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Plant AR, Larrieu A, Causier B. Repressor for hire! The vital roles of TOPLESS-mediated transcriptional repression in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:963-973. [PMID: 33909309 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional corepressors play important roles in establishing the appropriate levels of gene expression during growth and development. The TOPLESS (TPL) family of corepressors are critical for all plant life. TPLs are involved in numerous developmental processes and in the response to extrinsic challenges. As such these proteins have been the focus of intense study since Long and colleagues first described the TPL corepressor in 2006. In this review we will explore the evolutionary history of these essential plant-specific proteins, their mechanism of action based on recent structural analyses, and the myriad of pathways in which they function. We speculate how relatively minor changes in the peptide sequence of transcriptional regulators allowed them to recruit TPL into new processes, driving innovation and resulting in TPL becoming vital for plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Robert Plant
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Centre for Plant Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Antoine Larrieu
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Centre for Plant Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Barry Causier
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Centre for Plant Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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24
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Leydon AR, Wang W, Gala HP, Gilmour S, Juarez-Solis S, Zahler ML, Zemke JE, Zheng N, Nemhauser JL. Repression by the Arabidopsis TOPLESS corepressor requires association with the core mediator complex. eLife 2021; 10:66739. [PMID: 34075876 PMCID: PMC8203292 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant corepressor TOPLESS (TPL) is recruited to a large number of loci that are selectively induced in response to developmental or environmental cues, yet the mechanisms by which it inhibits expression in the absence of these stimuli are poorly understood. Previously, we had used the N-terminus of Arabidopsis thaliana TPL to enable repression of a synthetic auxin response circuit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). Here, we leveraged the yeast system to interrogate the relationship between TPL structure and function, specifically scanning for repression domains. We identified a potent repression domain in Helix 8 located within the CRA domain, which directly interacted with the Mediator middle module subunits Med21 and Med10. Interactions between TPL and Mediator were required to fully repress transcription in both yeast and plants. In contrast, we found that multimer formation, a conserved feature of many corepressors, had minimal influence on the repression strength of TPL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Seattle, United States
| | - Hardik P Gala
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Sabrina Gilmour
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Mollye L Zahler
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Joseph E Zemke
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Ning Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Seattle, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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McLaughlin HM, Ang ACH, Østergaard L. Noncanonical Auxin Signaling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a039917. [PMID: 33431583 PMCID: PMC8091950 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Auxin influences all aspects of plant growth and development and exerts its function at scales ranging from the subcellular to the whole-organism level. A canonical mechanism for auxin signaling has been elucidated, which is based on derepression of downstream genes via ubiquitin-mediated degradation of transcriptional repressors. While the combinatorial nature of this canonical pathway provides great potential for specificity in the auxin response, alternative noncanonical signaling pathways required to mediate certain processes have been identified. One such pathway affects gene regulation in a manner that is reminiscent of mechanisms employed in animal hormone signaling, while another triggers transcriptional changes through auxin perception at the plasma membrane and the stabilization of transcriptional repressors. In some cases, the exact perception mechanisms and the nature of the receptors involved are yet to be revealed. In this review, we describe and discuss current knowledge on noncanonical auxin signaling and highlight unresolved questions surrounding auxin biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Marie McLaughlin
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Chun Hou Ang
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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26
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Darino M, Chia K, Marques J, Aleksza D, Soto‐Jiménez LM, Saado I, Uhse S, Borg M, Betz R, Bindics J, Zienkiewicz K, Feussner I, Petit‐Houdenot Y, Djamei A. Ustilago maydis effector Jsi1 interacts with Topless corepressor, hijacking plant jasmonate/ethylene signaling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3393-3407. [PMID: 33247447 PMCID: PMC8126959 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ustilago maydis is the causal agent of maize smut disease. During the colonization process, the fungus secretes effector proteins that suppress immune responses and redirect the host metabolism in favor of the pathogen. As effectors play a critical role during plant colonization, their identification and functional characterization are essential to understanding biotrophy and disease. Using biochemical, molecular, and transcriptomic techniques, we performed a functional characterization of the U. maydis effector Jasmonate/Ethylene signaling inducer 1 (Jsi1). Jsi1 interacts with several members of the plant corepressor family Topless/Topless related (TPL/TPR). Jsi1 expression in Zea mays and Arabidopsis thaliana leads to transcriptional induction of the ethylene response factor (ERF) branch of the jasmonate/ethylene (JA/ET) signaling pathway. In A. thaliana, activation of the ERF branch leads to biotrophic susceptibility. Jsi1 likely activates the ERF branch via an EAR (ET-responsive element binding-factor-associated amphiphilic repression) motif, which resembles EAR motifs from plant ERF transcription factors, that interacts with TPL/TPR proteins. EAR-motif-containing effector candidates were identified from different fungal species, including Magnaporthe oryzae, Sporisorium scitamineum, and Sporisorium reilianum. Interaction between plant TPL proteins and these effector candidates from biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungi indicates the convergent evolution of effectors modulating the TPL/TPR corepressor hub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Darino
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI)Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)Vienna1030Austria
| | - Khong‐Sam Chia
- The Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)OT Gatersleben06466Germany
| | - Joana Marques
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI)Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)Vienna1030Austria
| | - David Aleksza
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)Vienna1180Austria
| | - Luz Mayela Soto‐Jiménez
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI)Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)Vienna1030Austria
| | - Indira Saado
- The Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)OT Gatersleben06466Germany
| | - Simon Uhse
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI)Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)Vienna1030Austria
| | - Michael Borg
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI)Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)Vienna1030Austria
| | - Ruben Betz
- The Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)OT Gatersleben06466Germany
| | - Janos Bindics
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI)Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)Vienna1030Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)Vienna1030Austria
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and LipidomicsGoettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB)University of GoettingenGoettingenD‐37077Germany
- Department of Plant BiochemistryAlbrecht von Haller Institute and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB)University of GöttingenGöttingenD‐37077Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and LipidomicsGoettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB)University of GoettingenGoettingenD‐37077Germany
- Department of Plant BiochemistryAlbrecht von Haller Institute and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB)University of GöttingenGöttingenD‐37077Germany
| | - Yohann Petit‐Houdenot
- UMR BIOGERINRAAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayThiverval‐Grignon78850France
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich,NR4 7UKUK
| | - Armin Djamei
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI)Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)Vienna1030Austria
- The Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)OT Gatersleben06466Germany
- Present address:
Department of PhytopathologyInstitute of Crop Science and Resource ConservationUniversity of BonnBonn53115Germany
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Strable J. Developmental genetics of maize vegetative shoot architecture. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:19. [PMID: 37309417 PMCID: PMC10236122 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
More than 1.1 billion tonnes of maize grain were harvested across 197 million hectares in 2019 (FAOSTAT 2020). The vast global productivity of maize is largely driven by denser planting practices, higher yield potential per area of land, and increased yield potential per plant. Shoot architecture, the three-dimensional structural arrangement of the above-ground plant body, is critical to maize grain yield and biomass. Structure of the shoot is integral to all aspects of modern agronomic practices. Here, the developmental genetics of the maize vegetative shoot is reviewed. Plant architecture is ultimately determined by meristem activity, developmental patterning, and growth. The following topics are discussed: shoot apical meristem, leaf architecture, axillary meristem and shoot branching, and intercalary meristem and stem activity. Where possible, classical and current studies in maize developmental genetics, as well as recent advances leveraged by "-omics" analyses, are highlighted within these sections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01208-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Strable
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- Present Address: Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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28
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Chen Z, Gallavotti A. Improving architectural traits of maize inflorescences. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:21. [PMID: 37309422 PMCID: PMC10236070 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The domestication and improvement of maize resulted in radical changes in shoot architecture relative to its wild progenitor teosinte. In particular, critical modifications involved a reduction of branching and an increase in inflorescence size to meet the needs for human consumption and modern agricultural practices. Maize is a major contributor to global agricultural production by providing large and inexpensive quantities of food, animal feed, and ethanol. Maize is also a classic system for studying the genetic regulation of inflorescence formation and its enlarged female inflorescences directly influence seed production and yield. Studies on the molecular and genetic networks regulating meristem proliferation and maintenance, including receptor-ligand interactions, transcription factor regulation, and hormonal control, provide important insights into maize inflorescence development and reveal potential avenues for the targeted modification of specific architectural traits. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the molecular mechanisms controlling inflorescence formation and discuss how this knowledge can be applied to improve maize productivity in the face of present and future environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Chen
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020 USA
| | - Andrea Gallavotti
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020 USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
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29
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Liu X, Bourgault R, Galli M, Strable J, Chen Z, Feng F, Dong J, Molina I, Gallavotti A. The FUSED LEAVES1-ADHERENT1 regulatory module is required for maize cuticle development and organ separation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:388-402. [PMID: 32738820 PMCID: PMC7754373 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
All aerial epidermal cells in land plants are covered by the cuticle, an extracellular hydrophobic layer that provides protection against abiotic and biotic stresses and prevents organ fusion during development. Genetic and morphological analysis of the classic maize adherent1 (ad1) mutant was combined with genome-wide binding analysis of the maize MYB transcription factor FUSED LEAVES1 (FDL1), coupled with transcriptional profiling of fdl1 mutants. We show that AD1 encodes an epidermally-expressed 3-KETOACYL-CoA SYNTHASE (KCS) belonging to a functionally uncharacterized clade of KCS enzymes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis. Wax analysis in ad1 mutants indicates that AD1 functions in the formation of very-long-chain wax components. We demonstrate that FDL1 directly binds to CCAACC core motifs present in AD1 regulatory regions to activate its expression. Over 2000 additional target genes of FDL1, including many involved in cuticle formation, drought response and cell wall organization, were also identified. Our results identify a regulatory module of cuticle biosynthesis in maize that is conserved across monocots and eudicots, and highlight previously undescribed factors in lipid metabolism, transport and signaling that coordinate organ development and cuticle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854‐8020USA
| | - Richard Bourgault
- Department of BiologyAlgoma UniversitySault Ste. MarieONP6A 2G4Canada
| | - Mary Galli
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854‐8020USA
| | - Josh Strable
- School of Integrative Plant SciencePlant Biology SectionCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Zongliang Chen
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854‐8020USA
| | - Fan Feng
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854‐8020USA
| | - Jiaqiang Dong
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854‐8020USA
| | - Isabel Molina
- Department of BiologyAlgoma UniversitySault Ste. MarieONP6A 2G4Canada
| | - Andrea Gallavotti
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854‐8020USA
- Department of Plant BiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ08901USA
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30
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Liu X, Bourgault R, Galli M, Strable J, Chen Z, Feng F, Dong J, Molina I, Gallavotti A. The FUSED LEAVES1-ADHERENT1 regulatory module is required for maize cuticle development and organ separation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:388-402. [PMID: 32738820 DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.11.943787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
All aerial epidermal cells in land plants are covered by the cuticle, an extracellular hydrophobic layer that provides protection against abiotic and biotic stresses and prevents organ fusion during development. Genetic and morphological analysis of the classic maize adherent1 (ad1) mutant was combined with genome-wide binding analysis of the maize MYB transcription factor FUSED LEAVES1 (FDL1), coupled with transcriptional profiling of fdl1 mutants. We show that AD1 encodes an epidermally-expressed 3-KETOACYL-CoA SYNTHASE (KCS) belonging to a functionally uncharacterized clade of KCS enzymes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis. Wax analysis in ad1 mutants indicates that AD1 functions in the formation of very-long-chain wax components. We demonstrate that FDL1 directly binds to CCAACC core motifs present in AD1 regulatory regions to activate its expression. Over 2000 additional target genes of FDL1, including many involved in cuticle formation, drought response and cell wall organization, were also identified. Our results identify a regulatory module of cuticle biosynthesis in maize that is conserved across monocots and eudicots, and highlight previously undescribed factors in lipid metabolism, transport and signaling that coordinate organ development and cuticle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Richard Bourgault
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Mary Galli
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Josh Strable
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zongliang Chen
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Fan Feng
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Jiaqiang Dong
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Isabel Molina
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Andrea Gallavotti
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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Luo H, Meng D, Liu H, Xie M, Yin C, Liu F, Dong Z, Jin W. Ectopic Expression of the Transcriptional Regulator silky3 Causes Pleiotropic Meristem and Sex Determination Defects in Maize Inflorescences. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3750-3773. [PMID: 32989171 PMCID: PMC7721320 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) is a monoecious plant, in which inflorescence morphogenesis involves complicated molecular regulatory mechanisms. Although many related genes have been cloned, our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying maize inflorescence development remains limited. Here, we identified a maize semi-dominant mutant Silky3 (Si3), which displays pleiotropic defects during inflorescence development, including loss of determinacy and identity in meristems and floral organs, as well as the sexual transformation of tassel florets. We cloned the si3 gene using a map-based approach. Functional analysis reveals that SI3 is a nuclear protein and may act as a transcriptional regulator. Transcriptome analysis reveals that the ectopic expression of si3 strongly represses multiple biological processes, especially the flower development pathways. RNA in situ hybridization similarly shows that the expression patterns of genes responsible for flower development are changed in the Si3 mutant. In addition, the homeostasis of jasmonic acid and gibberellic acid are altered in the Si3 young tassels, and application of exogenous jasmonic acid can rescue the sex reversal phenotype of Si3 The defects we characterized in various regulatory pathways can explain the complex phenotypes of Si3 mutant, and this study deepens our knowledge of maize inflorescence development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dexuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mujiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changfa Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Parvathaneni RK, Bertolini E, Shamimuzzaman M, Vera DL, Lung PY, Rice BR, Zhang J, Brown PJ, Lipka AE, Bass HW, Eveland AL. The regulatory landscape of early maize inflorescence development. Genome Biol 2020; 21:165. [PMID: 32631399 PMCID: PMC7336428 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional genome of agronomically important plant species remains largely unexplored, yet presents a virtually untapped resource for targeted crop improvement. Functional elements of regulatory DNA revealed through profiles of chromatin accessibility can be harnessed for fine-tuning gene expression to optimal phenotypes in specific environments. RESULT Here, we investigate the non-coding regulatory space in the maize (Zea mays) genome during early reproductive development of pollen- and grain-bearing inflorescences. Using an assay for differential sensitivity of chromatin to micrococcal nuclease (MNase) digestion, we profile accessible chromatin and nucleosome occupancy in these largely undifferentiated tissues and classify at least 1.6% of the genome as accessible, with the majority of MNase hypersensitive sites marking proximal promoters, but also 3' ends of maize genes. This approach maps regulatory elements to footprint-level resolution. Integration of complementary transcriptome profiles and transcription factor occupancy data are used to annotate regulatory factors, such as combinatorial transcription factor binding motifs and long non-coding RNAs, that potentially contribute to organogenesis, including tissue-specific regulation between male and female inflorescence structures. Finally, genome-wide association studies for inflorescence architecture traits based solely on functional regions delineated by MNase hypersensitivity reveals new SNP-trait associations in known regulators of inflorescence development as well as new candidates. CONCLUSIONS These analyses provide a comprehensive look into the cis-regulatory landscape during inflorescence differentiation in a major cereal crop, which ultimately shapes architecture and influences yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Md Shamimuzzaman
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132 USA
- Current address: USDA-ARS Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND 58102 USA
| | - Daniel L. Vera
- The Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
- Current address: Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Pei-Yau Lung
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
| | - Brian R. Rice
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
| | - Patrick J. Brown
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Alexander E. Lipka
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Hank W. Bass
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
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Ramos Báez R, Buckley Y, Yu H, Chen Z, Gallavotti A, Nemhauser JL, Moss BL. A Synthetic Approach Allows Rapid Characterization of the Maize Nuclear Auxin Response Circuit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1713-1722. [PMID: 32123041 PMCID: PMC7140906 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Auxin plays a key role across all land plants in growth and developmental processes. Although auxin signaling function has diverged and expanded, differences in the molecular functions of signaling components have largely been characterized in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, we used the nuclear Auxin Response Circuit recapitulated in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) system to functionally annotate maize (Zea mays) auxin signaling components, focusing on genes expressed during the development of ear and tassel inflorescences. All 16 maize auxin/indole-3-acetic acid repressor proteins were degraded in response to auxin with rates that depended on both receptor and repressor identities. When fused to the maize TOPLESS homolog RAMOSA1 ENHANCER LOCUS2, maize auxin/indole-3-acetic acids were able to repress AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR transcriptional activity. A complete auxin response circuit comprising all maize components, including the ZmAFB2/3 b1 maize AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX (AFB) receptor, was fully functional. The ZmAFB2/3 b1 auxin receptor was more sensitive to hormone than AtAFB2 and allowed for rapid circuit activation upon auxin addition. These results validate the conserved role of predicted auxin response genes in maize as well as provide evidence that a synthetic approach can facilitate broader comparative studies across the wide range of species with sequenced genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román Ramos Báez
- University of Washington, Department of Biology, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Yuli Buckley
- Whitman College, Department of Biology, Walla Walla, Washington 99362
| | - Han Yu
- Whitman College, Department of Biology, Walla Walla, Washington 99362
| | - Zongliang Chen
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8020
| | - Andrea Gallavotti
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8020
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | | | - Britney L Moss
- Whitman College, Department of Biology, Walla Walla, Washington 99362
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Zhu Y, Wagner D. Plant Inflorescence Architecture: The Formation, Activity, and Fate of Axillary Meristems. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a034652. [PMID: 31308142 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The above-ground plant body in different plant species can have very distinct forms or architectures that arise by recurrent redeployment of a finite set of building blocks-leaves with axillary meristems, stems or branches, and flowers. The unique architectures of plant inflorescences in different plant families and species, on which this review focuses, determine the reproductive success and yield of wild and cultivated plants. Major contributors to the inflorescence architecture are the activity and developmental trajectories adopted by axillary meristems, which determine the degree of branching and the number of flowers formed. Recent advances in genetic and molecular analyses in diverse flowering plants have uncovered both common regulatory principles and unique players and/or regulatory interactions that underlie inflorescence architecture. Modulating activity of these regulators has already led to yield increases in the field. Additional insight into the underlying regulatory interactions and principles will not only uncover how their rewiring resulted in altered plant form, but will also enhance efforts at optimizing plant architecture in desirable ways in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Doris Wagner
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Zhang X, Lin Z, Wang J, Liu H, Zhou L, Zhong S, Li Y, Zhu C, Liu J, Lin Z. The tin1 gene retains the function of promoting tillering in maize. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5608. [PMID: 31811145 PMCID: PMC6898233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet maize and popcorn retain tillering growth habit during maize diversification. However, the underlying molecular genetic mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that the retention of maize tillering is controlled by a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), tin1, which encodes a C2H2-zinc-finger transcription factor that acts independently of tb1. In sweet maize, a splice-site variant from G/GT to C/GT leads to intron retention, which enhances tin1 transcript levels and consequently increases tiller number. Comparative genomics analysis and DNA diversity analysis reveal that tin1 is under parallel selection across different cereal species. tin1 is involved in multiple pathways, directly represses two tiller-related genes, gt1 and Laba1/An-2, and interacts with three TOPLESS proteins to regulate the outgrowth of tiller buds. Our results support that maize tin1, derived from a standing variation in wild progenitor teosinte population, determines tillering retention during maize diversification. Unlike the other domesticated maize, sweet maize and popcorn retain tillering growth habit, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, the authors identify a transcription factor tin1 that maintains outgrowth of tiller independent of tb1 and show its conservation in foxtail millet and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhelong Lin
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hangqin Liu
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Leina Zhou
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuyang Zhong
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Can Zhu
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongwei Lin
- National Maize Improvement Center; Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Suzuki C, Tanaka W, Hirano HY. Transcriptional Corepressor ASP1 and CLV-Like Signaling Regulate Meristem Maintenance in Rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:1520-1534. [PMID: 31079034 PMCID: PMC6752933 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell homeostasis is maintained by the WUSCHEL-CLAVATA (WUS-CLV) negative feedback loop in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In rice (Oryza sativa), FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER2 (FON2) functions in the negative regulation of stem cell proliferation, similar to Arabidopsis CLV3 In this study, through genetic enhancer analysis, we found that loss of function of ABERRANT SPIKELET AND PANICLE1 (ASP1), encoding an Arabidopsis TOPLESS (TPL)-like transcriptional corepressor, enhances the fon2 flower phenotype, which displayed an increase in floral organ number. In the fon2 asp1 double mutant, the inflorescence was severely affected, resulting in bifurcation of the main axis (rachis), a phenotype that has not previously been reported. The stem cells showed marked overproliferation in fon2 asp1, resulting in extreme enlargement and splitting of the inflorescence meristem. These results suggest that ASP1 and FON2 synergistically regulate stem cell maintenance in rice. Unexpectedly, genetic analysis indicated that TILLERS ABSENT1, the rice ortholog of WUS, is not involved in promoting stem cell proliferation in this meristem. Transcriptome analysis suggested that ASP1 and FON signaling negatively regulate a set of genes with similar functions, and they act on these genes in concert. Taken together, our results suggest that TPL-like corepressor activity plays a crucial role in meristem maintenance, and that stem cell proliferation is properly maintained via the cooperation of ASP1 and FON2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Wakana Tanaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Hiro-Yuki Hirano
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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