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Xie X, Lin M, Xiao G, Liu H, Wang F, Liu D, Ma L, Wang Q, Li Z. Phenolic amides (avenanthramides) in oats - an update review. Bioengineered 2024; 15:2305029. [PMID: 38258524 PMCID: PMC10807472 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2024.2305029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oats (Avena sativa L.) are one of the worldwide cereal crops. Avenanthramides (AVNs), the unique plant alkaloids of secondary metabolites found in oats, are nutritionally important for humans and animals. Numerous bioactivities of AVNs have been investigated and demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. Despite all these, researchers from all over the world are taking efforts to learn more knowledge about AVNs. In this work, we highlighted the recent updated findings that have increased our understanding of AVNs bioactivity, distribution, and especially the AVNs biosynthesis. Since the limits content of AVNs in oats strictly hinders the demand, understanding the mechanisms underlying AVN biosynthesis is important not only for developing a renewable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly source in both plants and microorganisms but also for designing effective strategies for enhancing their production via induction and metabolic engineering. Future directions for improving AVN production in native producers and heterologous systems for food and feed use are also discussed. This summary will provide a broad view of these specific natural products from oats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xie
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Miaoyan Lin
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gengsheng Xiao
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huifan Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongjie Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lukai Ma
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Haraguchi A, Nagasawa J, Kuramochi K, Tsuchida S, Kobayashi A, Hatabu T, Sasai K, Ikadai H, Ushida K, Matsubayashi M. Anticoccidial activity of the secondary metabolites in alpine plants frequently ingested by wild Japanese rock ptarmigans. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2024; 25:100967. [PMID: 39220322 PMCID: PMC11362645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The Japanese rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta japonica) is an herbivorous species of partridges that inhabits only alpine zones. Alpine plants are their main source of food. These alpine plants contain toxic compounds to deter herbivores from consuming them. A previous analysis of the alpine plants frequently consumed by Japanese rock ptarmigans revealed the presence of a unique mixture of secondary metabolites and a novel compound. Additionally, wild Japanese rock ptarmigans are often infected by two species of Eimeria parasites. When these parasites were experimentally administered to Svalbard rock ptarmigans (Lagopus muta hyperborean), which do not feed on alpine plants, the birds exhibited symptoms, such as diarrhea and depression, and in some cases, they died. Although little is known about the pathogenesis of these parasites in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans, it was hypothesized that compounds found in alpine plants, their main food source, may reduce the pathogenicity of Eimeria parasites. In the present study, we evaluated the anticoccidial activity of the compounds derived from alpine plants in vitro using Eimeria tenella, which infects chickens belonging to the same pheasant family, as an experimental model. Twenty-seven natural components were extracted from eight alpine plants. The natural components were added to E. tenella sporozoites and incubated for 24 h to evaluate their direct effect. Additionally, Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells were incubated with sporozoites and natural components for 24 h to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the components on sporozoite cell invasion. Six compounds from four alpine plants decreased sporozoite viability by up to 88.3%, and two compounds inhibited sporozoite invasion into the cells. Although further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of these components against Eimeria infections in vivo, our findings suggest that these alpine plants may reduce the degree of infection by decreasing the number of sporozoites in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Haraguchi
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Jyunki Nagasawa
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Kouji Kuramochi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Sayaka Tsuchida
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Shin-etsu Nature Conservation Office, Ministry of the Environment, Ministry of Environment, Nagano, 380-0846, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hatabu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sasai
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ikadai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
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3
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Stasińska-Jakubas M, Dresler S, Strzemski M, Rubinowska K, Hawrylak-Nowak B. Differentiated response of Hypericum perforatum to foliar application of selected metabolic modulators: Elicitation potential of chitosan, selenium, and salicylic acid mediated by redox imbalance. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 227:114231. [PMID: 39068961 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Plants plastically alter their metabolism in response to environmental stimuli, which induces changes in the accumulation of specialized metabolites. This ability can be utilized to manipulate plant phytochemistry in a desired direction. However, the abundance of secondary metabolites in the different plant species, especially medicinal, is enormous; therefore, it is difficult to establish a clear direction for the effects of metabolic modulators on phytochemical composition, especially given the possibility of using different types thereof. In order to gain insight into these changes, we investigated the effects of foliar-applied chitosan (ChL, 100 mg/L), selenium (Se, 10 mg/L), salicylic acid (SA, 150 mg/L), or an equal volume mixture thereof on Hypericum perforatum L. metabolism. Selenium and SA proved to be the more effective than ChL in enhancing the accumulation of phenolic compounds. The greatest increase was found in the concentration of neochlorogenic acid after Se-spraying. The treatment with the elicitors generally increased the concentration of identified flavonoids, but not the level of naphthodianthrone or phloroglucinol metabolites. The most pronounced response was observed on day 10 following the application of the compounds, and is likely the consequence of elevated levels of O2-˙, free proline, and modulated activity of enzymatic antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stasińska-Jakubas
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Dresler
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033, Lublin, Poland; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rubinowska
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
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Man KY, Chan CO, Wan SW, Kwok KWH, Capozzi F, Dong NP, Wong KH, Mok DKW. Untargeted foodomics for authenticating the organic farming of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). Food Chem 2024; 453:139545. [PMID: 38772304 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the primary and secondary metabolites of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HILIC-Orbitrap-HRMS). Certified samples from two cultivars, Green stem water spinach (G) and White stem water spinach (W) cultivated using organic and conventional farming methods, were collected from the Hong Kong market. Multivariate analysis was used to differentiate water spinach of different cultivars and farming methods. We identified 12 metabolites to distinguish between G and W, 26 metabolites to identify G from organic farming and 8 metabolites to identify W from organic farming. Then, two metabolites, isorhamnetin and jasmonic acid, have been proposed to serve as biomarkers for organic farming (in both G and W). Our foodomics findings provide useful tools for improving the crop performance of water spinach under abiotic/biotic stressesand authentication of organic produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Yi Man
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi-On Chan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Siu-Wai Wan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kevin Wing Hin Kwok
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Francesco Capozzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, FC, Italy.
| | - Nai-Ping Dong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Ka-Hing Wong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Daniel Kam-Wah Mok
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Indira A, Shahar B, Joshi B, Chongtham N. Assessment of bioactive compound variations and in-vitro and in-vivo antioxidant activity in edible fresh and processed Bambusa nutans shoot through FTIR, GC/MS and HPLC analyses. Food Chem 2024; 452:139552. [PMID: 38733684 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the impact of processing techniques on the bioactive composition and antioxidant properties of Bambusa nutans shoots, an underutilized superfood. Boiling resulted in a significant reduction of total phenols (39.52%), flavonoid (8.07%), and tannin (27.77%). Conversely, fermentation increased total phenols (25.92%), tannin (34.72%), and phytosterol (75.39%). Antioxidant activities were notably higher in fermented-shoots, as indicated by DPPH and FRAP assays, and in-vivo experiments demonstrated increased GSH (31.85%) and decreased LPO levels (11.12%) post-administration of fermented-shoots extract. Spectral analysis revealed an increased diversity of compounds in fermented shoots, with GC/MS identifying hexadecane-1-ol in significantly higher proportions and 11 characteristic bands in FTIR spectra. HPLC analysis demonstrated changes in phenolic acids and flavonoid content, with fermentation enhancing 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, 4'-hydroxycinnamic acid, benzene-1,2-diol, and luteolin contents. This study underscores the dynamic nature of B. nutans shoots, highlighting the potential for enhanced bioactivity and antioxidant properties through fermentation, offering promising avenues for culinary and pharmaceutical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aribam Indira
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Bano Shahar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Babita Joshi
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Zhou M, Sun Y, Mao Q, Luo L, Pan H, Zhang Q, Yu C. Comparative metabolomics profiling reveals the unique bioactive compounds and astringent taste formation of rosehips. Food Chem 2024; 452:139584. [PMID: 38735110 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Rosehips are a prominent source of numerous bioactive compounds. However, despite their extensive potential, the metabolic profiles among different rosehip species have not been fully elucidated. In this study, 523 secondary metabolites from rosehips of 12 Rosa species were identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. They were primarily composed of flavonoids and phenolic acids. A K-means analysis revealed the characteristic metabolites in different rosehips. For example, R. persica contained a more abundant supply of phenolic acids, while R. roxburghii harbored a richer array of terpenoids. A total of 73 key active ingredients were screened from traditional Chinese medicine databases, and they indicated that R. persica is more promising for use in functional foods or health supplements compared with the other fruits. Moreover, a differential analysis identified 47 compounds as potential contributors to the astringent taste of rosehips, including ellagic acid 4-O-glucoside and cadaverine. This study provides valuable information to develop new functional foods of rosehips and improve the quality of their fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing 100083, China; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanlin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing 100083, China; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qingyi Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing 100083, China; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Le Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing 100083, China; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huitang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing 100083, China; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing 100083, China; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing 100083, China; School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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7
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Mohd Zahid NII, Syed Othman SMI, Mustaffa AF, Ismail I, Che-Othman MH. Fine-tuning plant valuable secondary metabolite biosynthesis via small RNA manipulation: strategies and potential. PLANTA 2024; 260:89. [PMID: 39254898 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Plants produce secondary metabolites that serve various functions, including defense against biotic and abiotic stimuli. Many of these secondary metabolites possess valuable applications in diverse fields, including medicine, cosmetic, agriculture, and food and beverage industries, exhibiting their importance in both plant biology and various human needs. Small RNAs (sRNA), such as microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), have been shown to play significant roles in regulating the metabolic pathways post-transcriptionally by targeting specific key genes and transcription factors, thus offering a promising tool for enhancing plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis. In this review, we summarize current approaches for manipulating sRNAs to regulate secondary metabolite biosynthesis in plants. We provide an overview of the latest research strategies for sRNA manipulation across diverse plant species, including the identification of potential sRNAs involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis in non-model plants. We also highlight the potential future research directions, focusing on the manipulation of sRNAs to produce high-value compounds with applications in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, agriculture, cosmetics, and other industries. By exploring these advanced techniques, we aim to unlock new potentials for biotechnological applications, contributing to the production of high-value plant-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Irdina Izzatie Mohd Zahid
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syed Muhammad Iqbal Syed Othman
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Arif Faisal Mustaffa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ismanizan Ismail
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Hafiz Che-Othman
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Liu L, Sun Z, Tang R, Shi JH, Zhang LQ, Abdelnabby H, Zhang A, Wang MQ. Suprathreshold Water Spray Stimulus Enhances Plant Defenses against Biotic Stresses in Tomato. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39248366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli can affect plant growth, development, and defenses. The role of water spray stimulation, as a prevalent mechanical stimulus in the environment, in crop growth and defense cannot be overlooked. In this study, the effects of water spray on tomato plant growth and defense against the chewing herbivore Helicoverpa armigera and necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea were investigated. Suprathreshold water spray stimulus (LS) was found to enhance tomato plant defenses against pests and pathogens while concurrently modifying plant architecture. The results of the phytohormone and chemical metabolite analysis revealed that LS improved the plant defense response via jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. LS significantly elevated the level of a pivotal defensive metabolite, chlorogenic acid, and reduced the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from tomato plants, thereby defending against pest and pathogen attacks. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that LS enhances tomato plant defenses against biotic stresses, which will pave the way for further work on the application of mechanical stimuli for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ze Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Rui Tang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Hua Shi
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qiong Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hazem Abdelnabby
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Banha, Qalyubia 13736, Egypt
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, United States
| | - Man-Qun Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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9
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Davis J, Scott M, Cook D, Gardner D, Morse G, Grillo M. Extensive Local Geographic Variation in Locoweed Toxin Produced by a Fungal Endophyte. J Chem Ecol 2024:10.1007/s10886-024-01529-3. [PMID: 39231864 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Legumes are notorious for coevolutionary arms races where chemical defenses are employed to ward off herbivores-particularly insect seed predators. Locoweeds are legumes containing the toxic alkaloid swainsonine which can poison livestock, but its role as a deterrent for insects is unknown. Swainsonine is produced by the fungal endophyte Alternaria section Undifilum, and the chemical composition of the toxin has been well characterized. Despite this knowledge, the ecological roles and evolutionary drivers of swainsonine toxins in locoweeds remain uncertain. Here, we quantify swainsonine concentrations and herbivory levels in the hyper-diverse locoweed Astragalus lentiginosus to evaluate its role as an evolved chemical defense. We found that A. lentiginosus shows considerable variation in swainsonine concentrations according to variety, in particular showing presence/absence variation at both population and local geographic scales. Surprisingly, herbivory levels from presumed generalist insects emerging from fruits showed no correlation with swainsonine concentrations. Conversely, seed and fruit herbivory levels linked to specialist Acanthoscelides seed beetles increased with concentrations of swainsonine-suggesting a possible coevolutionary arms race. Our results highlight that variation in endophyte-produced toxin systems may not follow classical expectations for geographic variation and ecological roles of plant chemicals. We discuss the implications of these results on plant-endophytic toxin systems and coevolutionary dynamics more broadly, highlighting a considerable need for more research in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Davis
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA.
| | - Matthew Scott
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Daniel Cook
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Dale Gardner
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Geoffrey Morse
- Department of Biology, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA
| | - Michael Grillo
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
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Jiang X, White JC, He E, Van Gestel CAM, Cao X, Zhao L, Xu X, Guo W, Qiu H. Foliar Exposure of Deuterium Stable Isotope-Labeled Nanoplastics to Lettuce: Quantitative Determination of Foliar Uptake, Transport, and Trophic Transfer in a Terrestrial Food Chain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:15438-15449. [PMID: 39174873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) are widely detected in the atmosphere and are likely to be deposited on plant leaves. However, our understanding of their foliar uptake, translocation, and trophic transfer profiles is limited due to a lack of quantitative analytical tools to effectively probe mechanisms of action. Here, using synthesized deuterium (2H) stable isotope-labeled polystyrene nanoplastics (2H-PSNPs), the foliar accumulation and translocation of NPs in lettuce and the dynamics of NP transfer along a lettuce-snail terrestrial food chain were investigated. Raman imaging and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that foliar-applied NPs aggregated on the leaf surface, entered the mesophyll tissue via the stomatal pathway, and eventually translocated to root tissues. Quantitative analysis showed that increasing levels of foliar exposure to 2H-PSNPs (0.1, 1, and 5 mg/L in spray solutions, equivalent to receiving 0.15, 1.5, and 7.5 μg/d of NPs per plant) enhanced NP accumulation in leaves, with concentrations ranging from 0.73 to 15.6 μg/g (dw), but only limited translocation (<5%) to roots. After feeding on 5 mg/L 2H-PSNP-contaminated lettuce leaves for 14 days, snails accumulated NPs at 0.33 to 10.7 μg/kg (dw), with an overall kinetic trophic transfer factor of 0.45, demonstrating trophic dilution in this food chain. The reduced ingestion rate of 3.18 mg/g/day in exposed snails compared to 6.43 mg/g/day can be attributed to the accumulation of 2H-PSNPs and elevated levels of chemical defense metabolites in the lettuce leaves, which decreased the palatability for snails and disrupted their digestive function. This study provides critical quantitative information on the characteristics of airborne NP bioaccumulation and the associated risks to terrestrial food chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Erkai He
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Cornelis A M Van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenbo Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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11
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Healy Knibb SM, Yeremy B, Williams DE, Andersen RJ, Golsteyn RM. An anti-mitotic compound, (+)-6-tuliposide A, isolated from the Canadian glacier lily, Erythronium grandiflorum. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106075. [PMID: 38897244 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The Canadian prairie ecosystem is subjected to abiotic and biotic conditions that induce plants to produce secondary metabolites that affect mammalian physiology. Extracts prepared from certain plant species native to Canadian prairie and montane cordillera ecosystems have previously been shown to have anti-mitotic activity on human cancer cell lines. In this study, we investigated the glacier lily, Erythronium grandiflorum (Liliaceae), in which the species was the most phylogenetically distant from Asteraceae and had anti-mitotic activity. When added to cell lines, E. grandiflorum extracts induced rounded cell morphology and arrested cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Of the cells that displayed a rounded phenotype, all were positive for phospho-histone H3 and contained a distorted mitotic spindle. This anti-mitotic activity was distinct from that of the compound colchicine, which has been previously isolated from the Liliaceae family. By biology-guided fractionation, we isolated the natural product (+)-6-tuliposide A and are the first to report its anti-mitotic activity. These results reveal a chemical motif in secondary metabolites and expand the range of Canadian prairie plants with anti-mitotic activity that can become new scientific tools or used in the development of anti-proliferative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Healy Knibb
- Natural Product Laboratory, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Benjamin Yeremy
- Departments of Chemistry and EOAS, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z6, Canada
| | - David E Williams
- Departments of Chemistry and EOAS, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z6, Canada
| | - Raymond J Andersen
- Departments of Chemistry and EOAS, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z6, Canada
| | - Roy M Golsteyn
- Natural Product Laboratory, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
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12
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Li Y, Cao J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Gao S, Zhang P, Xia W, Zhang K, Yang X, Wang Y, Zhang L, Li B, Li T, Xiao Y, Chen J, Chen W. The methyl jasmonate-responsive transcription factor SmERF106 promotes tanshinone accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108932. [PMID: 39018777 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory biosynthesis mechanisms of active compounds in herbs is vital for the preservation and sustainable use of natural medicine resources. Diterpenoids, which play a key role in plant growth and resistance, also serve as practical products for humans. Tanshinone, a class of abietane-type diterpenes unique to the Salvia genus, such as Salvia miltiorrhiza, is an excellent model for studying diterpenoids. In this study, we discovered that a transcription factor, SmERF106, responds to MeJA induction and is located in the nucleus. It exhibits a positive correlation with the expression of SmKSL1 and SmIDI1, which are associated with tanshinone biosynthesis. We performed DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) to predict genes that may be transcriptionally regulated by SmERF106. Our cis-elements analysis suggested that SmERF106 might bind to GCC-boxes in the promoters of SmKSL1 and SmIDI1. This indicates that SmKSL1 and SmIDI1 could be potential target genes regulated by SmERF106 in the tanshinone biosynthesis pathway. Their interaction was then demonstrated through a series of in vitro and in vivo binding experiments, including Y1H, EMSA, and Dual-LUC. Overexpression of SmERF106 in the hairy root of S. miltiorrhiza led to a significant increase in tanshinone content and the transcriptional levels of SmKSL1 and SmIDI1. In summary, we found that SmERF106 can activate the transcription of SmKSL1 and SmIDI1 in response to MeJA induction, thereby promoting tanshinone biosynthesis. This discovery provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of tanshinones in response to JA and offers a potential gene tool for tanshinone metabolic engineering strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Li
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Cao
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Liu
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouhong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Xia
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tingzhao Li
- Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ying Xiao
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Yan Q, Zhang M, Jia Y, Dong F, Shen Y, Li F. Identification of crucial metabolites in colored grain wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) regulated by nitrogen application. Food Res Int 2024; 191:114700. [PMID: 39059952 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Colored wheats have drawn attention due to their nutritional compounds. However, limited information is obtained on the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on crucial metabolites and grain quality of wheats with different color grain. In the study, the pot experiment was conducted with white (W), blue (B), and purple (P) grain wheats treated with three levels of N (LN, 0 g kg-1; MN, 0.05 g kg-1; HN, 0.1 g kg-1). Higher N level could promote wheat growth, improve grain indexes, and nutrient uptake. SPAD values of flag leaves remained in the order HN > MN > LN across all wheat varieties, and maintained increasing during tested stages under purple wheat. Metabolomics analysis showed that the annotated 358 metabolites mainly belonged to 29 classes, including carboxylic acids and their derivatives, fatty acids, flavonoids, and phenols. 35, 39, and 70 differential accumulated metabolites were respectively found between the WLN vs. WHN, the BHN vs. BLN, and the PHN vs. PLN, which were mainly enriched in "biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites", "cGMP-PKG signaling pathway", "sphingolipid signaling pathway", "biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from histidine and purine", and "biosynthesis of plant hormones". Additionally, erucic acid was dominated in the three wheat cultivars, and was decreased after treated with high N levels. Our study preliminarily revealed the different response mechanisms to different N levels in the white, blue, and purple grain wheats, and lay a theoretical foundation for further breeding of excellent colored grain varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Yan
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, PR China.
| | - Minmin Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Yaqin Jia
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, PR China.
| | - Fei Dong
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, PR China.
| | - Yanting Shen
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, PR China.
| | - Feng Li
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, PR China.
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14
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Freitas CDT, Demarco D, Oliveira JS, Ramos MV. Review: Laticifer as a plant defense mechanism. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112136. [PMID: 38810884 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Laticifers have been utilized as paradigms to enhance comprehension of specific facets of plant ecology and evolution. From the beginning of seedling growth, autonomous laticifer networks are formed throughout the plant structure, extending across all tissues and organs. The vast majority of identified products resulting from laticifer chemistry and metabolism are linked to plant defense. The latex, which is the fluid contained within laticifers, is maintained under pressure and has evolved to serve as a defense mechanism against both aggressors and invaders, irrespective of their capabilities or tactics. Remarkably, the latex composition varies among different species. The current goal is to understand the specific functions of various latex components in combating plant enemies. Therefore, the study of latex's chemical composition and proteome plays a critical role in advancing our understanding about plant defense mechanisms. Here, we will discuss some of these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleverson D T Freitas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara. Campus do Pici, Bloco 907, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60451-970, Brazil.
| | - Diego Demarco
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jefferson S Oliveira
- Federal University of Delta of Parnaíba, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Márcio V Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara. Campus do Pici, Bloco 907, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60451-970, Brazil.
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15
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Mudau M, Chinma CE, Ledbetter M, Wilkin J, Adebo OA. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of metabolites in finger millet and Bambara groundnut as affected by traditional and novel food processing. J Food Sci 2024. [PMID: 39219001 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Metabolite profiling is an analytical technique used to assess metabolites in complex biological samples. This technique allows for the identification of both targeted and untargeted metabolites. In this study, the effect of traditional (fermentation and malting) and novel processing (ultrasonication) on the metabolites of finger millet (FM) and Bambara groundnut (BGN) flour was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Various metabolite classes, including amino acids, alcohol, aldehyde, organic acid, ester, fatty acids, glycoside, and sugar, were identified in FM and BGN flours. The adopted processing techniques impacted metabolite composition, as evidenced by substantial variations in volatile compound levels and metabolite composition among the FM and BGN samples before and after traditional and novel processing. Important health-promoting compounds, such as oleic acid, linoelaidic acid, and linoleic acid, were identified at their highest levels in fermented FM and BGN flours. The results obtained from this study offer an important context for monitoring and regulating the metabolite composition of FM and BGN flours under traditional and novel processing. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Fermentation, malting, and ultrasonication induced desirable changes in some health-promoting compounds of finger millet and Bambara groundnut flours. The food and pharmaceutical industries could benefit from these traditional- and novel-modified flours as they could be used as improved food sources with health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masala Mudau
- Centre for Innovative Food Research (CIFR), Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Chiemela Enyinnaya Chinma
- Centre for Innovative Food Research (CIFR), Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Moira Ledbetter
- Division of Engineering and Food Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, UK
| | - Jon Wilkin
- Division of Engineering and Food Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, UK
| | - Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo
- Centre for Innovative Food Research (CIFR), Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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16
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Hu K, Liu X, Ma H, Zhao D, Song J, Zeng H, Zhang Z. Selective extraction and analysis of phenolic acids in herbal plants using Fe 3O 4@MXene@PEI aerogel. Talanta 2024; 277:126344. [PMID: 38838562 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
A magnetic MXene aerogel (Fe3O4@MXene@PEI) was prepared by crosslinking amino modified MXene with polyethyleneimine using epichlorohydrin as a cross-linker. Adsorption properties of Fe3O4@MXene@PEI aerogel for phenolic acids were evaluated by adsorption kinetics and isotherms experiments, showing that the high adsorption affinity was governed by multilayer chemisorption process. An efficient MSPE/HPLC method was developed for the determination of phenolic acids with excellent selectivity, good linearity (0.025-5.0 μg mL-1), low LODs (0.007-0.017 μg mL-1), and satisfactory recoveries (80.0-120.0 %). Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the Fe3O4@MXene@PEI purified compounds was superior to that of the conventional method as demonstrated by the results of scavenging experiments on 2,2 -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. Finally, 65 organic acids were identified in the Fe3O4@MXene@PEI treated honeysuckle extracts by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS analysis. The proposed sorbent exhibits remarkable promise for the selective separation and purification of organic acids from herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan Province, China.
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Huifen Ma
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Junying Song
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Huahui Zeng
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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17
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Yasmin F, Cowie AE, Zerbe P. Understanding the chemical language mediating maize immunity and environmental adaptation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:2093-2101. [PMID: 39049575 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Diverse networks of specialized metabolites promote plant fitness by mediating beneficial and antagonistic environmental interactions. In maize (Zea mays), constitutive and dynamically formed cocktails of terpenoids, benzoxazinoids, oxylipins, and phenylpropanoids contribute to plant defense and ecological adaptation. Recent research has highlighted the multifunctional nature of many specialized metabolites, serving not only as elaborate chemical defenses that safeguard against biotic and abiotic stress but also as regulators in adaptive developmental processes and microbiome interactions. Great strides have also been made in identifying the modular pathway networks that drive maize chemical diversity. Translating this knowledge into strategies for enhancing stress resilience traits has the potential to address climate-driven yield losses in one of the world's major food, feed, and bioenergy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Yasmin
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Anna E Cowie
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Philipp Zerbe
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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18
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Hua Q, Chi X, Zhang W, Song H, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wang H, Xu B. Damage to the behavior and physiological functions of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) by monocrotaline via the modulation of tryptophan metabolism and the corazonin receptor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175931. [PMID: 39218096 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Monocrotaline (MCT) is a toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid found in plants of the Crotalaria genus. As primary pollinators of Crotalaria plants, honeybees come into contact with this harmful substance. However, limited research has been conducted on the effects of MCT on Apis mellifera, particularly the risks of long-term exposure to sublethal concentrations. Through evaluating the proboscis extension reflex (PER) ability, analyzing the honeybee brain transcriptome, and analyzing the honeybee hemolymph metabolome, we discovered that sublethal concentrations of MCT impair the olfactory and memory capabilities of honeybees by affecting tryptophan (Trp) metabolism. Furthermore, MCT upregulates the expression of the corazonin receptor (CrzR) gene in the honeybee brain, which elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the brain while reducing glucose levels in the hemolymph, consequently shortening the honeybees' lifespan. Our findings regarding the multifaceted impact of MCT on honeybees lay the foundation for exploring its toxicological pathways and management in honeybee populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hua
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuepeng Chi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Yan Q, Jia Y, Dong F, Shen Y, Li F, Zhang M. Metabolomics Uncovers the Mechanisms of Nitrogen Response to Anthocyanins Synthesis and Grain Quality of Colored Grain Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:19003-19015. [PMID: 39155472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a key factor for plant growth and affects anthocyanin synthesis. This study aimed to clarify the potential mechanisms of N levels (LN, 0 kg·ha-1; MN, 150 kg·ha-1; HN, 225 kg·ha-1) in anthocyanin synthesis and grain quality of colored grain wheat. HN increased the yield component traits and grain morphology traits in colored grain wheat while decreasing the processing and nutrient quality traits. Most quality traits were significantly negatively correlated with the yield composition and morphological traits. Anthocyanin was more accumulated under LN conditions, but other related yield and morphological traits of colored grain wheat declined. The anthocyanin content was the highest in blue wheat, followed by that in purple wheat. Cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl-β-d-glucoside) and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were the predominant anthocyanins in blue and purple wheat. The identified anthocyanin-related metabolites were associated with flavonoid biosynthesis, anthocyanin biosynthesis, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Therefore, the study provided information for optimizing nitrogen fertilizer management in producing high quality colored wheat and verified the close relationship between anthocyanin and low N condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Yan
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Yaqin Jia
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Fei Dong
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Yanting Shen
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Feng Li
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Minmin Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
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20
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Ahmad EM, Abdelsamad A, El-Shabrawi HM, El-Awady MAM, Aly MAM, El-Soda M. In-silico identification of putatively functional intergenic small open reading frames in the cucumber genome and their predicted response to biotic and abiotic stresses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39189930 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The availability of high-throughput sequencing technologies increased our understanding of different genomes. However, the genomes of all living organisms still have many unidentified coding sequences. The increased number of missing small open reading frames (sORFs) is due to the length threshold used in most gene identification tools, which is true in the genic and, more importantly and surprisingly, in the intergenic regions. Scanning the cucumber genome intergenic regions revealed 420 723 sORF. We excluded 3850 sORF with similarities to annotated cucumber proteins. To propose the functionality of the remaining 416 873 sORF, we calculated their codon adaptation index (CAI). We found 398 937 novel sORF (nsORF) with CAI ≥ 0.7 that were further used for downstream analysis. Searching against the Rfam database revealed 109 nsORFs similar to multiple RNA families. Using SignalP-5.0 and NLS, identified 11 592 signal peptides. Five predicted proteins interacting with Meloidogyne incognita and Powdery mildew proteins were selected using published transcriptome data of host-pathogen interactions. Gene ontology enrichment interpreted the function of those proteins, illustrating that nsORFs' expression could contribute to the cucumber's response to biotic and abiotic stresses. This research highlights the importance of previously overlooked nsORFs in the cucumber genome and provides novel insights into their potential functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa M Ahmad
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelsamad
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hattem M El-Shabrawi
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Division, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Mohammed A M Aly
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Soda
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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21
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Liddicoat C, Edwards RA, Roach M, Robinson JM, Wallace KJ, Barnes AD, Brame J, Heintz-Buschart A, Cavagnaro TR, Dinsdale EA, Doane MP, Eisenhauer N, Mitchell G, Rai B, Ramesh SA, Breed MF. Bioenergetic mapping of 'healthy microbiomes' via compound processing potential imprinted in gut and soil metagenomes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173543. [PMID: 38821286 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite mounting evidence of their importance in human health and ecosystem functioning, the definition and measurement of 'healthy microbiomes' remain unclear. More advanced knowledge exists on health associations for compounds used or produced by microbes. Environmental microbiome exposures (especially via soils) also help shape, and may supplement, the functional capacity of human microbiomes. Given the synchronous interaction between microbes, their feedstocks, and micro-environments, with functional genes facilitating chemical transformations, our objective was to examine microbiomes in terms of their capacity to process compounds relevant to human health. Here we integrate functional genomics and biochemistry frameworks to derive new quantitative measures of in silico potential for human gut and environmental soil metagenomes to process a panel of major compound classes (e.g., lipids, carbohydrates) and selected biomolecules (e.g., vitamins, short-chain fatty acids) linked to human health. Metagenome functional potential profile data were translated into a universal compound mapping 'landscape' based on bioenergetic van Krevelen mapping of function-level meta-compounds and corresponding functional relative abundances, reflecting imprinted genetic capacity of microbiomes to metabolize an array of different compounds. We show that measures of 'compound processing potential' associated with human health and disease (examining atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, type 2 diabetes and anxious-depressive behavior case studies), and displayed seemingly predictable shifts along gradients of ecological disturbance in plant-soil ecosystems (three case studies). Ecosystem quality explained 60-92 % of variation in soil metagenome compound processing potential measures in a post-mining restoration case study dataset. With growing knowledge of the varying proficiency of environmental microbiota to process human health associated compounds, we might design environmental interventions or nature prescriptions to modulate our exposures, thereby advancing microbiota-oriented approaches to human health. Compound processing potential offers a simplified, integrative approach for applying metagenomics in ongoing efforts to understand and quantify the role of microbiota in environmental- and human-health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Liddicoat
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Robert A Edwards
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Roach
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jake M Robinson
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kiri Joy Wallace
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Andrew D Barnes
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Joel Brame
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anna Heintz-Buschart
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Timothy R Cavagnaro
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Dinsdale
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael P Doane
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Grace Mitchell
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton, Aotearoa, New Zealand; Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Hamilton, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Bibishan Rai
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Sunita A Ramesh
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Martin F Breed
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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22
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Farhan M, Pan J, Hussain H, Zhao J, Yang H, Ahmad I, Zhang S. Aphid-Resistant Plant Secondary Metabolites: Types, Insecticidal Mechanisms, and Prospects for Utilization. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2332. [PMID: 39204768 PMCID: PMC11360209 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Aphids pose a significant threat to global agricultural crop production, leading to widespread pesticide use and resistance. This necessitates the use of alternative substances, like plant secondary metabolites (PSMs). Plants have developed protective compounds known as alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, sulfur- and nitrogen-containing metabolites. These compounds exhibit promising characteristics against aphids, such as antifeedant, aphicidal, and disrupting survival fitness. This review highlights the importance and application of secondary metabolites in combating aphid populations. Different insect-resistant substances have different mechanisms for managing aphids and other pests, including defensive signaling, inhibiting growth, and attracting natural predators by releasing herbivore-induced volatiles (HIPV). The application of plant secondary metabolites as biopesticides has proven to be an effective, economical, and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic pesticide chemicals. Furthermore, this review comprehensively discusses the principle role of plant secondary metabolites, encouraging sustainable agricultural practices and emphasizing the integrated management of the aphid population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farhan
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.F.); (J.P.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Jilong Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.F.); (J.P.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hammad Hussain
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.F.); (J.P.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hanjing Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.F.); (J.P.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.F.); (J.P.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.)
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23
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Wu JJ, Deng QW, Qiu YY, Liu C, Lin CF, Ru YL, Sun Y, Lai J, Liu LX, Shen XX, Pan R, Zhao YP. Post-transfer adaptation of HGT-acquired genes and contribution to guanine metabolic diversification in land plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39166427 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a major driving force in the evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. Despite recent advances in distribution and ecological importance, the extensive pattern, especially in seed plants, and post-transfer adaptation of HGT-acquired genes in land plants remain elusive. We systematically identified 1150 foreign genes in 522 land plant genomes that were likely acquired via at least 322 distinct transfers from nonplant donors and confirmed that recent HGT events were unevenly distributed between seedless and seed plants. HGT-acquired genes evolved to be more similar to native genes in terms of average intron length due to intron gains, and HGT-acquired genes containing introns exhibited higher expression levels than those lacking introns, suggesting that intron gains may be involved in the post-transfer adaptation of HGT in land plants. Functional validation of bacteria-derived gene GuaD in mosses and gymnosperms revealed that the invasion of foreign genes introduced a novel bypass of guanine degradation and resulted in the loss of native pathway genes in some gymnosperms, eventually shaping three major types of guanine metabolism in land plants. We conclude that HGT has played a critical role in land plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Wu
- Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity Group, MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qian-Wen Deng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yi-Yang Qiu
- Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity Group, MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center for Evolutionary & Organismal Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chen-Feng Lin
- Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity Group, MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ya-Lu Ru
- Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity Group, MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity Group, MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Lai
- Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity Group, MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lu-Xian Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Xing-Xing Shen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center for Evolutionary & Organismal Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ronghui Pan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yun-Peng Zhao
- Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity Group, MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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24
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Pu X, Kitaoka N, Rodríguez-López CE, Chen S. Editorial: Plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1477551. [PMID: 39233913 PMCID: PMC11373343 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1477551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Pu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Naoki Kitaoka
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Carlos E Rodríguez-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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25
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Yu S, Gong L, Han YC, Yang L, Li J, Hoffmann AA, Luo GH, Yuan GR, Fang JC, Ji R. Oral secretions from striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) induce defenses in rice. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39152725 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The striped stem borer (SSB, Chilo suppressalis) is one of the most destructive insect pests on rice. As a chewing insect, SSB larval feeding causes a dramatic increase in rice defense responses. However, the effects of oral secretions (OSs) during SSB feeding on rice defense remain largely unexplored. RESULTS In this study, based on transcriptome analysis results, treatment with SSB OSs regulated the expression of genes involved in the plant defense-related pathways of calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinases, reactive oxygen species, jasmonic acid (JA), herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), and protease inhibitors. Unsurprisingly, treatment with SSB OSs elicited the accumulation of JA and JA-isoleucine in rice. The defense mechanisms activated by the cascade not only induced the expression of trypsin inhibitors, inhibiting the normal growth of SSB larvae but also induced HIPVs emission, rendering rice attractive to a common larval parasitoid. High-throughput proteome sequencing of SSB OSs led to 534 proteins being identified and 343 proteins with two or more unique peptides being detected. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that SSB OSs trigger both direct and indirect defense mechanisms in rice, akin to the effects of SSB feeding. It identifies specific proteins in SSB OSs that may influence the interactions between SSB and rice during feeding, providing valuable insights for effectors research. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology), Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology), Nanjing, China
| | - Yang-Chun Han
- Laboratory for Quarantine of Alien Species, Integrated Technical Service Center of Jiangyin Customs, Jiangyin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology), Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology), Nanjing, China
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Guang-Hua Luo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology), Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Rui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji-Chao Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology), Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Ji
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology), Nanjing, China
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26
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Srivastava S, Pandey VK, Singh K, Dar AH, Dash KK, Shams R, Mukarram Shaikh A, Kovács B. Advances in detection technology for authentication of vegetable oils: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34759. [PMID: 39170539 PMCID: PMC11336277 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are specific indicators that can be used to authenticate vegetable oils by reflecting unique characteristics such as variety or geographical origin. Biomarkers can originate from the primary components of the vegetable oil itself or from contaminants and trace substances linked to processing methods or adulterants. The review highlights the key findings in the identification of novel biomarkers for vegetable oil authentication. Various analytical techniques have proven effective in distinguishing unique biomarkers associated with specific vegetable oil varieties or geographical origins. The use of biomarkers of vegetable oils and associated contaminants or trace substances offers a comprehensive approach to authentication. However, the identification of novel biomarkers holds immense potential for enhancing food safety, preventing fraud, and safeguarding consumer health in the vegetable oil industry. The ongoing research and advancements in biomarker identification represent a promising avenue for addressing authenticity concerns in vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Srivastava
- Department of Food Technology, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Nawabganj, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Pandey
- Research & Development Cell, Biotechnology Department, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies (Deemed to Be University), Faridabad, 121004, Haryana, India
| | - Kunal Singh
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow Deva Road Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aamir Hussain Dar
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Kshirod Kumar Dash
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Rafeeya Shams
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ayaz Mukarram Shaikh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Béla Kovács
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
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27
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Guzmán LF, Tirado B, Cruz-Cárdenas CI, Rojas-Anaya E, Aragón-Magadán MA. De Novo Transcriptome Assembly of Cedar ( Cedrela odorata L.) and Differential Gene Expression Involved in Herbivore Resistance. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:8794-8806. [PMID: 39194737 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Timber trees are targets of herbivorous attacks. The identification of genes associated with pest resistance can be accomplished through differential expression analysis using transcriptomes. We reported the de novo assembly of cedar (Cedrela odorata L.) transcriptome and the differential expression of genes involved in herbivore resistance. The assembly and annotation of the transcriptome were obtained using RNAseq from healthy cedar plants and those infested with Chrysobothris yucatanensis. A total of 325.6 million reads were obtained, and 127,031 (97.47%) sequences were successfully assembled. A total of 220 herbivory-related genes were detected, of which 170 genes were annotated using GO terms, and 161 genes with 245 functions were identified-165, 75, and 5 were molecular functions, biological processes, and cellular components, respectively. To protect against herbivorous infestation, trees produce toxins and volatile compounds which are modulated by signaling pathways and gene expression related to molecular functions and biological processes. The limited number of genes identified as cellular components suggests that there are minimal alterations in cellular structure in response to borer attack. The chitin recognition protein, jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) motifs, and response regulator receiver domain were found to be overexpressed, whereas the terpene synthase, cytochrome P450, and protein kinase domain gene families were underexpressed. This is the first report of a cedar transcriptome focusing on genes that are overexpressed in healthy plants and underexpressed in infested plants. This method may be a viable option for identifying genes associated with herbivore resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Guzmán
- National Genetic Resources Center, National Agricultural, Forestry and Livestock Researches Institute, Tepatitlán 47600, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Bibiana Tirado
- Centro Universitario de los Altos, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitlán 47600, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carlos Iván Cruz-Cárdenas
- National Genetic Resources Center, National Agricultural, Forestry and Livestock Researches Institute, Tepatitlán 47600, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Edith Rojas-Anaya
- National Genetic Resources Center, National Agricultural, Forestry and Livestock Researches Institute, Tepatitlán 47600, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marco Aurelio Aragón-Magadán
- National Genetic Resources Center, National Agricultural, Forestry and Livestock Researches Institute, Tepatitlán 47600, Jalisco, Mexico
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28
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Kang Y, Li CZ, Ullah A, Zhang Q, Yu XZ. The Accumulation of Abscisic Acid Increases the Innate Pool of Soluble Phenolics through Polyamine Metabolism in Rice Seedlings under Hexavalent Chromium Stress. TOXICS 2024; 12:577. [PMID: 39195679 PMCID: PMC11359078 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12080577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Potential toxic element (PTE) pollution has emerged as a significant environmental and social concern in global agriculture. Chromium (Cr) occurs in different oxidation states naturally, among them Cr(VI), which is highly toxic. This study carried out biochemical and molecular tests to elucidate the accumulation of total soluble phenolics (TSPs) in rice plants exposed to Cr(VI) at 2.0, 8.0, and 16.0 mg Cr/L, emphasizing the interaction between polyamines (PAs) and abscisic acid (ABA). The results revealed significant Cr accumulation in different tissues of rice plants, which hindered their growth. Cr(VI) exposure increased the ABA concentration, with higher levels detected in the shoots than in the roots. The TSP concentration in rice tissues showed a positive relationship with the supplied concentrations of Cr(VI). The measured PAs, including spermine (Spm), putrescine (Put), and spermidine (Spd), exhibited varied responses to Cr(VI) stress, with only Spm concentration increasing with Cr(VI) concentrations. Real-time qRT-PCR showed PAs and ABA synthesis-associated genes such as OsADC1, OsAIH, OsCPA1, and OsCPA4 were significantly up-regulated in shoot of rice plants treated with Cr(VI). These genes are associated with the second pathway of Put synthesis, originating from Arg. Almost all genes activated in the Met pathway were significantly up-regulated as well. Moreover, the genes involved in the interconversion among the three species of PAs exhibited completely different responses to Cr(VI) exposure. Overall, the biochemical analysis and gene expression data indicate that the interaction between ABA and Spm is likely to enhance the TSP levels in rice plants subjected to Cr(VI) toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (Y.K.); (C.-Z.L.); (A.U.); (Q.Z.)
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29
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Yang C, Shen S, Zhan C, Li Y, Zhang R, Lv Y, Yang Z, Zhou J, Shi Y, Liu X, Shi J, Zhang D, Fernie AR, Luo J. Variation in a Poaceae-conserved fatty acid metabolic gene cluster controls rice yield by regulating male fertility. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6663. [PMID: 39107344 PMCID: PMC11303549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of metabolic gene clusters exist in eukaryotic genomes, but fatty acid metabolic gene clusters have not been discovered. Here, combining with metabolic and phenotypic genome-wide association studies, we identify a major locus containing a six-gene fatty acid metabolic gene cluster on chromosome 3 (FGC3) that controls the cutin monomer hydroxymonoacylglycerols (HMGs) contents and rice yield, possibly through variation in the transcription of FGC3 members. We show that HMGs are sequentially synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum by OsFAR2, OsKCS11, OsGPAT6, OsCYP704B2 and subsequently transported to the apoplast by OsABCG22 and OsLTPL82. Mutation of FGC3 members reduces HMGs, leading to defective male reproductive development and a significant decrease in yield. OsMADS6 and OsMADS17 directly regulate FGC3 and thus influence male reproduction and yield. FGC3 is conserved in Poaceae and likely formed prior to the divergence of Pharus latifolius. The eukaryotic fatty acid and plant primary metabolic gene cluster we identified show a significant impact on the origin and evolution of Poaceae and has potential for application in hybrid crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenkun Yang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | | | | | - Yufei Li
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | | | - Zhuang Yang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Junjie Zhou
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Yuheng Shi
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Xianqing Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci- Tech, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci- Tech, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China.
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, China.
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30
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Zhu F, Ahchige MW, Wen W, Cheng Y, Alseekh S, Fernie AR. The natural variance of Arabidopsis secondary metabolism on extended darkness. Sci Data 2024; 11:841. [PMID: 39097666 PMCID: PMC11297995 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In plants due to their sessile nature, secondary metabolites are important components against different abiotic and biotic stress, such as extended darkness. For this reason, the variation of secondary metabolite content of the Arabidopsis thaliana HapMap natural population following 0-and 6-d darkness treatment were detected and the raw data of different accessions at two timepoints were deposited in the Zenodo database. Moreover, the annotated secondary metabolites of these samples are presented in this data descriptor, which we believe will be a usefully re-usable resource for future integrative analysis with dark-treated transcripts, proteins or other phenotypic data in order to comprehensively illustrate the multiomic landscape of Arabidopsis in response to the stresses exerted by extended darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Micha Wijesingha Ahchige
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Weiwei Wen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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31
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Thoenen L, Kreuzer M, Pestalozzi C, Florean M, Mateo P, Züst T, Wei A, Giroud C, Rouyer L, Gfeller V, Notter MD, Knoch E, Hapfelmeier S, Becker C, Schandry N, Robert CAM, Köllner TG, Bruggmann R, Erb M, Schlaeppi K. The lactonase BxdA mediates metabolic specialisation of maize root bacteria to benzoxazinoids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6535. [PMID: 39095376 PMCID: PMC11297187 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49643-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Root exudates contain specialised metabolites that shape the plant's root microbiome. How host-specific microbes cope with these bioactive compounds, and how this ability affects root microbiomes, remains largely unknown. We investigated how maize root bacteria metabolise benzoxazinoids, the main specialised metabolites of maize. Diverse and abundant bacteria metabolised the major compound in the maize rhizosphere MBOA (6-methoxybenzoxazolin-2(3H)-one) and formed AMPO (2-amino-7-methoxy-phenoxazin-3-one). AMPO forming bacteria were enriched in the rhizosphere of benzoxazinoid-producing maize and could use MBOA as carbon source. We identified a gene cluster associated with AMPO formation in microbacteria. The first gene in this cluster, bxdA encodes a lactonase that converts MBOA to AMPO in vitro. A deletion mutant of the homologous bxdA genes in the genus Sphingobium, did not form AMPO nor was it able to use MBOA as a carbon source. BxdA was identified in different genera of maize root bacteria. Here we show that plant-specialised metabolites select for metabolisation-competent root bacteria. BxdA represents a benzoxazinoid metabolisation gene whose carriers successfully colonize the maize rhizosphere and thereby shape the plant's chemical environmental footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Thoenen
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Kreuzer
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Matilde Florean
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Pierre Mateo
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Züst
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anlun Wei
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caitlin Giroud
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Liza Rouyer
- LMU Biocenter, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Valentin Gfeller
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matheus D Notter
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Knoch
- LMU Biocenter, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology GmbH, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Claude Becker
- LMU Biocenter, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology GmbH, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Niklas Schandry
- LMU Biocenter, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology GmbH, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Tobias G Köllner
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Klaus Schlaeppi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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32
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Wu T, Bafort Q, Mortier F, Almeida-Silva F, Natran A, de Peer YV. The immediate metabolomic effects of whole-genome duplication in the greater duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16383. [PMID: 39087852 PMCID: PMC7616399 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE In plants, whole-genome duplication (WGD) is a common mutation with profound evolutionary potential. Given the costs associated with a superfluous genome copy, polyploid establishment is enigmatic. However, in the right environment, immediate phenotypic changes following WGD can facilitate establishment. Metabolite abundances are the direct output of the cell's regulatory network and determine much of the impact of environmental and genetic change on the phenotype. While it is well known that an increase in the bulk amount of genetic material can increase cell size, the impact of gene dosage multiplication on the metabolome remains largely unknown. METHODS We used untargeted metabolomics on four genetically distinct diploid-neoautotetraploid pairs of the greater duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza, to investigate how WGD affects metabolite abundances per cell and per biomass. RESULTS Autopolyploidy increased metabolite levels per cell, but the response of individual metabolites varied considerably. However, the impact on metabolite level per biomass was restricted because the increased cell size reduced the metabolite concentration per cell. Nevertheless, we detected both quantitative and qualitative effects of WGD on the metabolome. Many effects were strain-specific, but some were shared by all four strains. CONCLUSIONS The nature and impact of metabolic changes after WGD depended strongly on the genotype. Dosage effects have the potential to alter the plant metabolome qualitatively and quantitatively, but were largely balanced out by the reduction in metabolite concentration due to an increase in cell size in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052Ghent, Belgium
| | - Quinten Bafort
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederik Mortier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabricio Almeida-Silva
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelore Natran
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052Ghent, Belgium
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University Biochemistry, Nanjing210095, China
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria0028, South Africa
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Li ZY, Ma N, Sun P, Zhang FJ, Li L, Li H, Zhang S, Wang XF, You CX, Zhang Z. Fungal invasion-induced accumulation of salicylic acid promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis through MdNPR1-MdTGA2.2 module in apple fruits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:1859-1879. [PMID: 38923625 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In the field, necrosis area induced by pathogens is usually surrounded by a red circle in apple fruits. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that accumulated salicylic acid (SA) induced by fungal infection promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis through MdNPR1-MdTGA2.2 module in apple (Malus domestica). Inoculating apple fruits with Valsa mali or Botryosphaeria dothidea induced a red circle surrounding the necrosis area, which mimicked the phenotype observed in the field. The red circle accumulated a high level of anthocyanins, which was positively correlated with SA accumulation stimulated by fungal invasion. Further analysis showed that SA promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner in both apple calli and fruits. We next demonstrated that MdNPR1, a master regulator of SA signaling, positively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in both apple and Arabidopsis. Moreover, MdNPR1 functioned as a co-activator to interact with and enhance the transactivation activity of MdTGA2.2, which could directly bind to the promoters of anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes to promote their transcription. Suppressing expression of either MdNPR1 or MdTGA2.2 inhibited coloration of apple fruits, while overexpressing either of them significantly promoted fruit coloration. Finally, we revealed that silencing either MdNPR1 or MdTGA2.2 in apple fruits repressed SA-induced fruit coloration. Therefore, our data determined that fungal-induced SA promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis through MdNPR1-MdTGA2.2 module, resulting in a red circle surrounding the necrosis area in apple fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yang Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ping Sun
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Fu-Jun Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Lianzhen Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Haojian Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhenlu Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
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Du B, Haensch R, Alfarraj S, Rennenberg H. Strategies of plants to overcome abiotic and biotic stresses. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1524-1536. [PMID: 38561998 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In their environment, plants are exposed to a multitude of abiotic and biotic stresses that differ in intensity, duration and severity. As sessile organisms, they cannot escape these stresses, but instead have developed strategies to overcome them or to compensate for the consequences of stress exposure. Defence can take place at different levels and the mechanisms involved are thought to differ in efficiency across these levels. To minimise metabolic constraints and to reduce the costs of stress defence, plants prioritise first-line defence strategies in the apoplastic space, involving ascorbate, defensins and small peptides, as well as secondary metabolites, before cellular processes are affected. In addition, a large number of different symplastic mechanisms also provide efficient stress defence, including chemical antioxidants, antioxidative enzymes, secondary metabolites, defensins and other peptides as well as proteins. At both the symplastic and the apoplastic level of stress defence and compensation, a number of specialised transporters are thought to be involved in exchange across membranes that still have not been identified, and information on the regeneration of different defence compounds remains ambiguous. In addition, strategies to overcome and compensate for stress exposure operate not only at the cellular, but also at the organ and whole-plant levels, including stomatal regulation, and hypersensitive and systemic responses to prevent or reduce the spread of stress impacts within the plant. Defence can also take place at the ecosystem level by root exudation of signalling molecules and the emission of volatile organic compounds, either directly or indirectly into the rhizosphere and/or the aboveground atmosphere. The mechanisms by which plants control the production of these compounds and that mediate perception of stressful conditions are still not fully understood. Here we summarise plant defence strategies from the cellular to ecosystem level, discuss their advantages and disadvantages for plant growth and development, elucidate the current state of research on the transport and regeneration capacity of defence metabolites, and outline insufficiently explored questions for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Du
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Ecological Security and Protection Key laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianxing Road West 166, Mianyang, 621000, PR China
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, Freiburg, D-79110, Germany
| | - Robert Haensch
- Institute of Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstr. 1, Braunschweig, D-38106, Germany
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, Freiburg, D-79110, Germany
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
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Murthy HN, Joseph KS, Paek KY, Park SY. Bioreactor configurations for adventitious root culture: recent advances toward the commercial production of specialized metabolites. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:837-859. [PMID: 37500186 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2233690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
In vitro plant cell and organ cultures are appealing alternatives to traditional methods of producing valuable specialized metabolites for use as: pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics, perfumes, and agricultural chemicals. Cell cultures have been adopted for the production of specialized metabolites in certain plants. However, in certain other systems, adventitious roots are superior to cell suspension cultures as they are organized structures that accumulate high levels of specialized metabolites. The cultivation of adventitious roots has been investigated in various bioreactor systems, including: mechanically agitated, pneumatically agitated, and modified bioreactors. The main relevance and importance of this work are to develop a long-lasting industrial biotechnological technology as well as to improve the synthesis of these metabolites from the plant in vitro systems. These challenges are exacerbated by: the peculiarities of plant cell metabolism, the complexity of specialized metabolite pathways, the proper selection of bioreactor systems, and bioprocess optimization. This review's major objective is to analyze several bioreactor types for the development of adventitious roots, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each type of bioreactor, and to describe the strategies used to increase the synthesis of specialized metabolites. This review also emphasizes current advancements in the field, and successful instances of scaled-up cultures and the generation of specialized metabolites for commercial purposes are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy
- Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kee Yoeup Paek
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Chen M, Wang X, Ye Y, Li X, Li S, Li M, Jiang F, Zhang C. Combined metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal the secondary metabolite networks in different growth stages of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307260. [PMID: 39046970 PMCID: PMC11290943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f. (B. striata) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. B. striata polysaccharides (BSP), stilbenes and 2-isobutyl malic acid glucosoxy-benzyl ester compounds are the main active ingredients in B. striata. However, there is limited report on the changes of medicinal components and their biosynthesis regulation mechanisms in the tubers of B. striata at different stages. METHOD The tubers of B. striata were collected during the flowering period, fruiting period, and harvest period to determine the total polysaccharide content using the phenol sulfuric acid method. The changes in secondary metabolites in the tubers at these stages were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), and transcriptomics was conducted for further exploration of their biosynthetic pathways. RESULT The BSP content gradually increases from the flowering period to the fruiting period as the tubers develop, reaching its peak, but subsequently decreases at harvest time, which may be associated with the germination of B. striata buds in later stage. A total of 294 compounds were identified in this study. Among them, a majority of the compounds, such as 2-isobutyl malate gluconoxy-benzyl ester, exhibited high content during the fruit stage, while stilbenes like coelonin, 3'-O-methylbatatasin III, and blestriarene A accumulated during the harvesting period. The transcriptome data also revealed a substantial number of differentially expressed genes at various stages, providing a partial explanation for the complex changes in metabolites. We observed a correspondence between the expression pattern of GDP-Man biosynthesis-related enzyme genes and cumulative changes in BSP. And identified a positive correlation between 9 transcription factors and genes associated with polysaccharide biosynthesis, while 5 transcription factors were positively correlated with accumulation of 2-isobutyl malate gluconoxy-benzyl ester compounds and 5 transcription factors exhibited negative correlated with stilbene accumulation. CONCLUSION It is imperative to determine the appropriate harvesting period based on the specific requirements of different active ingredients and the accumulation patterns of their metabolites. Considering the involvement of multiple transcription factors in the biosynthesis and accumulation of its active ingredients, a comprehensive investigation into the specific regulatory mechanisms that facilitate high-quality cultivation of B. striata is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueyu Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqing Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiya Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fusheng Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Subahar R, Hadyansyah R, Aldilla R, Yulhasri Y, Winita R, Dwira S, El Bayani GF. Toxicity of 6-gingerol and Cymbopogon citratus against Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae): Mortality, detoxifying enzymes, and morphological ultrastructure alterations in lice. Res Vet Sci 2024; 177:105364. [PMID: 39053092 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse), which causes pediculosis capitis, remains a global health concern. Plant products are efficient alternative pediculicides for treating the human ectoparasite P. h. capitis which is resistant to permethrin. The study evaluates the toxicity and mechanisms of 6-gingerol and Cymbopogon citratus leaf extract on P. h. capitis. Pediculus humanus capitis adult stages were exposed to three different dosages of 6-gingerol and C. citratus crude leaf extract on filter sheets for 5, 10, and 30 min, respectively. The biochemical approach was used to assess the activity of detoxifying enzymes including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and oxidase. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the ultrastructure of the morphological body of lice. After 30 min, 6-gingerol and C. citratus leaf extract killed P. h. capitis completely. Bioassay periods significantly affected lice mortality (P < 0.05). The LC50 values for 6-gingerol and C. citratus extract were 1.79 μg/cm2 and 25.0 μg/cm2, respectively. 6-Gingerol and C. citratus leaf extract significantly lower AChE and GST activity (P < 0.05). Cymbopogon citratus also caused morphological ultrastructure changes in P. h. capitis, including an irregularly formed head, thorax, abdominal respiratory spiracles, and belly. 6-Gingerol and C. citratus leaf extracts could be used as an alternate pediculicide to decrease P. h. capitis populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizal Subahar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
| | - Rizqy Hadyansyah
- Medical Doctor Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Rachmanin Aldilla
- Medical Doctor Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Yulhasri Yulhasri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Rawina Winita
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Surya Dwira
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Gulshan Fahmi El Bayani
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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d’Aquino L, Cozzolino R, Malorni L, Bodhuin T, Gambale E, Sighicelli M, Della Mura B, Matarazzo C, Piacente S, Montoro P. Light Flux Density and Photoperiod Affect Growth and Secondary Metabolism in Fully Expanded Basil Plants. Foods 2024; 13:2273. [PMID: 39063357 PMCID: PMC11275332 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Indoor production of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is influenced by light spectrum, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and the photoperiod. To investigate the effects of different lighting on growth, chlorophyll content, and secondary metabolism, basil plants were grown from seedlings to fully expanded plants in microcosm devices under different light conditions: (a) white light at 250 and 380 μmol·m-2·s-1 under 16/8 h light/dark and (b) white light at 380 μmol·m-2·s-1 under 16/8 and 24/0 h light/dark. A higher yield was recorded under 380 μmol·m-2·s-1 compared to 250 μmol·m-2·s-1 (fresh and dry biomasses 260.6 ± 11.3 g vs. 144.9 ± 14.6 g and 34.1 ± 2.6 g vs. 13.2 ± 1.4 g, respectively), but not under longer photoperiods. No differences in plant height and chlorophyll content index were recorded, regardless of the PPFD level and photoperiod length. Almost the same volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected under the different lighting treatments, belonging to terpenes, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, and ketones. Linalool, eucalyptol, and eugenol were the main VOCs regardless of the lighting conditions. The multivariate data analysis showed a sharp separation of non-volatile metabolites in apical and middle leaves, but this was not related to different PPFD levels. Higher levels of sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes were detected in plants grown under 250 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 380 μmol·m-2·s-1, respectively. A low separation of non-volatile metabolites based on the photoperiod length and VOC overexpression under longer photoperiods were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi d’Aquino
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Portici Research Centre, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Cozzolino
- Institute of Food Science, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (L.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Livia Malorni
- Institute of Food Science, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (L.M.); (C.M.)
| | | | - Emilia Gambale
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Portici Research Centre, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Maria Sighicelli
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00060 Roma, Italy;
| | - Brigida Della Mura
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Cristina Matarazzo
- Institute of Food Science, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (L.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Paola Montoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.P.); (P.M.)
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Saylan Y, Aliyeva N, Eroglu S, Denizli A. Nanomaterial-Based Sensors for Coumarin Detection. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:30015-30034. [PMID: 39035881 PMCID: PMC11256117 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Sensors are widely used owing to their advantages including excellent sensing performance, user-friendliness, portability, rapid response, high sensitivity, and specificity. Sensor technologies have been expanded rapidly in recent years to offer many applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, the environment, food safety, and national security. Various nanomaterial-based sensors have been developed for their exciting features, such as a powerful absorption band in the visible region, excellent electrical conductivity, and good mechanical properties. Natural and synthetic coumarin derivatives are attracting attention in the development of functional polymers and polymeric networks for their unique biological, optical, and photochemical properties. They are the most abundant organic molecules in medicine because of their biological and pharmacological impacts. Furthermore, coumarin derivatives can modulate signaling pathways that affect various cellular processes. This review covers the discovery of coumarins and their derivatives, the integration of nanomaterial-based sensors, and recent advances in nanomaterial-based sensing for coumarins. This review also explains how sensors work, their types, their pros and cons, and sensor studies for coumarin detection in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeşeren Saylan
- Department
of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Aliyeva
- Department
of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seckin Eroglu
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical
University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department
of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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40
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Zohar I, Ganem HE, DiSegni DM, Jonas-Levi A. The impact of alternative recycled and synthetic phosphorus sources on plant growth and responses, soil interactions and sustainable agriculture - lettuce (Lactuca sativa) as a case model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174719. [PMID: 39019270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
This research assesses the efficacy of two phosphorus (P) adsorbents as alternative fertilizers in promoting lettuce growth. A synthetic Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) and an iron-based recycled water treatment residual (Fe-WTR), both enriched with P from dairy wastewater and added at three dosage levels. We hypothesized that the adsorbents' physicochemical nature will overshadow the biological efforts in the plant ecosystem to increase P solubility, impacting plant growth, nutritional composition, and metabolite profiles. Fe-WTR significantly enhanced lettuce biomass compared to LDH. Yet, elemental analysis revealed higher or equal P concentrations in the low-biomass LDH plants relative to other treatments. Phosphorus uptake appears to influence the assimilation of other nutrients that divided into two groups: calcium, magnesium, zinc, and copper with notable correlations to P and nitrogen, iron, aluminum, vanadium and manganese with low correlations to P. Conversely, P retained poor correlation with most metabolites whereas iron showed a higher correlation with numerous metabolites. Analysis of metabolites, encompassing carbohydrates, the Krebs cycle, amino acids, nucleic acids, and stress and regulatory pathways, revealed diminished levels in the LDH treatments. Overall, carbon assimilation (plant growth) was more effectively predicted by soil P availability (adsorbent type and dose) rather than by cellular P concentration, suggesting root signaling was at play, influencing carbohydrate translocation to the roots. Diminished levels of cellular sugars further affect metabolic pathways and iron uptake, thus restricting photosynthesis. The results illustrate the substantial influence of the P source on the plant's metabolic processes and soil biogeochemistry. The synthetic LDH adsorbent with high sorption capacity, tightly binds its substantial P pool, rendering it inaccessible and potentially disrupting rhizosphere biogeochemical interactions. In contrast, the chemical nature of Fe-WTR enabled efficient nutrients acquisition bioactivity. The study highlights Fe-WTR as a promising sustainable alternative to conventional fertilizers, emphasizing its potential scalability and adaptability in agricultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Zohar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, 12210, Israel.
| | - H E Ganem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, 12210, Israel; MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Hydro-Geochemistry Laboratory, Kiryat Shmona, 11016, Israel
| | - D M DiSegni
- Department of Economics and Management, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, 12210, Israel
| | - A Jonas-Levi
- Department of Food Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, 12210, Israel
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41
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Kitainda V, Jez J. 4-Aldrithiol-based photometric assay for detection of methylthioalkylmalate synthase activity. Methods Enzymol 2024; 702:229-245. [PMID: 39155114 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
In Brassica plants, glucosinolates are a diverse class of natural products, of which aliphatic methionine-derived glucosinolates are the most abundant form. Their structural diversity comes from the elongation of some side-chains by up to 9 carbons, which, after the formation of the core glucosinolate structure, can undergo further chemical modifications. Methylthioalkylmalate synthase (MAMS) catalyzes the iterative elongation process for aliphatic methionine-derived glucosinolates. Most biochemical studies on MAMS have been performed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based assays or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based assays. The LC/MS- and HPLC-based methods are endpoint assays, which cannot be monitored in real time and require a laborious process for data collection. These analytical methods are inefficient for performing multiple enzymatic assays needed to determine steady-state kinetic parameters or for mechanistic evaluation of pH-dependence and kinetic isotope effect studies. Although the function of MAMS has long been defined, there is a gap in knowledge as it pertains to biochemical characterization of this plant enzyme. Part of this may be due to the lack of efficient methods that can be used for this type of research. This chapter describes a continuous photometric assay to track MAMS activity in real time using the 4-aldrithiol reagent for reaction detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Kitainda
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Joseph Jez
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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Mohapatra A, Trivedi S, Kolte AP, Tejpal CS, Elavarasan K, Vaswani S, Malik PK, Ravishankar CN, Bhatta R. Effect of Padina gymnospora biowaste inclusion on in vitro methane production, feed fermentation, and microbial diversity. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1431131. [PMID: 39027100 PMCID: PMC11254855 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1431131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies were undertaken aiming to study the methane (CH4) mitigation potential of biowaste (BW) of Padina gymnospora at the graded inclusion of 0% (C), 2% (A2), 5% (A5), and 10% (A10) of the diet composed of straw and concentrate in 40:60 ratio. The chemical composition analysis revealed that the BW contained higher crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and ether extract (EE) than the PF (fresh seaweed, P. gymnospora). The concentration of cinnamic acid, sinapic acid, kaempferol, fisetin p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, and luteolin in BW was 1.5-6-folds less than the PF. Inclusion of BW decreased (P < 0.0001) CH4 production by 34%, 38%, and 45% in A2, A5, and A10 treatments, respectively. A decrease (P < 0.0001) of 7.5%-8% in dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility was also recorded with the BW supplementation. The BW inclusion also decreased the numbers of total (P = 0.007), Entodinomorphs (P = 0.011), and Holotrichs (P = 0.004) protozoa. Metagenome data revealed the dominance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Fibrobacter microbial phyla. At the phylum level, Euryarchaeota dominated the archaeal community, whereas Methanobrevibacter was most abundant at the genus level. It can be concluded that the inclusion of BW in straw and concentrate based diet by affecting rumen fermentation, protozoal numbers, and compositional shift in the archaeal community significantly decreased CH4 production. Utilization of biowaste of P. gymnospora as a CH4 mitigating agent will ensure its efficient utilization rather than dumping, which shall cause environmental pollution and health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archit Mohapatra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
- School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be-University), Bengaluru, India
| | - Shraddha Trivedi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Atul P. Kolte
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Chaluvanahalli S. Tejpal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Elavarasan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Shalini Vaswani
- Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Malik
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
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Pérez-Llorca M, Müller M. Unlocking Nature's Rhythms: Insights into Secondary Metabolite Modulation by the Circadian Clock. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7308. [PMID: 39000414 PMCID: PMC11241833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants, like many other living organisms, have an internal timekeeper, the circadian clock, which allows them to anticipate photoperiod rhythms and environmental stimuli to optimally adjust plant growth, development, and fitness. These fine-tuned processes depend on the interaction between environmental signals and the internal interactive metabolic network regulated by the circadian clock. Although primary metabolites have received significant attention, the impact of the circadian clock on secondary metabolites remains less explored. Transcriptome analyses revealed that many genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis exhibit diurnal expression patterns, potentially enhancing stress tolerance. Understanding the interaction mechanisms between the circadian clock and secondary metabolites, including plant defense mechanisms against stress, may facilitate the development of stress-resilient crops and enhance targeted management practices that integrate circadian agricultural strategies, particularly in the face of climate change. In this review, we will delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms of phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and N-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pérez-Llorca
- Department of Biology, Health and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maren Müller
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Huang Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Xiang Y, Zhang Y, Fu R. SCPL acyltransferases catalyze the metabolism of chlorogenic acid during purple coneflower seed germination. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:229-239. [PMID: 38666323 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The metabolism of massively accumulated chlorogenic acid is crucial for the successful germination of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Menoch). A serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) acyltransferase (chicoric acid synthase, CAS) utilizes chlorogenic acid to produce chicoric acid during germination. However, it seems that the generation of chicoric acid lags behind the decrease in chlorogenic acid, suggesting an earlier route of chlorogenic acid metabolism. We discovered another chlorogenic acid metabolic product, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, which is produced before chicoric acid, filling the lag phase. Then, we identified two additional typical clade IA SCPL acyltransferases, named chlorogenic acid condensing enzymes (CCEs), that catalyze the biosynthesis of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid from chlorogenic acid with different kinetic characteristics. Chlorogenic acid inhibits radicle elongation in a dose-dependent manner, explaining the potential biological role of SCPL acyltransferases-mediated continuous chlorogenic acid metabolism during germination. Both CCE1 and CCE2 are highly conserved among Echinacea species, supporting the observed metabolism of chlorogenic acid to 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid in two Echinacea species without chicoric acid accumulation. The discovery of SCPL acyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid suggests convergent evolution. Our research clarifies the metabolism strategy of chlorogenic acid in Echinacea species and provides more insight into plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Hsihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Chengdu Branch, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Wild Plants Sharing and Service Platform of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610015, China
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yuting Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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Bai Y, Liu X, Baldwin IT. Using Synthetic Biology to Understand the Function of Plant Specialized Metabolites. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:629-653. [PMID: 38424065 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-060223-013842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) are variably distributed across taxa, tissues, and ecological contexts; this variability has inspired many theories about PSM function, which, to date, remain poorly tested because predictions have outpaced the available data. Advances in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics have enabled unbiased PSM profiling, and molecular biology techniques have produced PSM-free plants; the combination of these methods has accelerated our understanding of the complex ecological roles that PSMs play in plants. Synthetic biology techniques and workflows are producing high-value, structurally complex PSMs in quantities and purities sufficient for both medicinal and functional studies. These workflows enable the reengineering of PSM transport, externalization, structural diversity, and production in novel taxa, facilitating rigorous tests of long-standing theoretical predictions about why plants produce so many different PSMs in particular tissues and ecological contexts. Plants use their chemical prowess to solve ecological challenges, and synthetic biology workflows are accelerating our understanding of these evolved functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; ,
| | - Xinyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; ,
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany;
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46
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Fitzpatrick TB. B Vitamins: An Update on Their Importance for Plant Homeostasis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:67-93. [PMID: 38424064 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-060223-025336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
B vitamins are a source of coenzymes for a vast array of enzyme reactions, particularly those of metabolism. As metabolism is the basis of decisions that drive maintenance, growth, and development, B vitamin-derived coenzymes are key components that facilitate these processes. For over a century, we have known about these essential compounds and have elucidated their pathways of biosynthesis, repair, salvage, and degradation in numerous organisms. Only now are we beginning to understand their importance for regulatory processes, which are becoming an important topic in plants. Here, I highlight and discuss emerging evidence on how B vitamins are integrated into vital processes, from energy generation and nutrition to gene expression, and thereby contribute to the coordination of growth and developmental programs, particularly those that concern maintenance of a stable state, which is the foundational tenet of plant homeostasis.
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47
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Eljounaidi K, Radzikowska BA, Whitehead CB, Taylor DJ, Conde S, Davis W, Dowle AA, Langer S, James S, Unsworth WP, Ezer D, Larson TR, Lichman BR. Variation of terpene alkaloids in Daphniphyllum macropodum across plants and tissues. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:299-313. [PMID: 38757546 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Daphniphyllum macropodum produces alkaloids that are structurally complex with polycyclic, stereochemically rich carbon skeletons. Understanding how these compounds are formed by the plant may enable exploration of their biological function and bioactivities. We employed multiple metabolomics techniques, including a workflow to annotate compounds in the absence of standards, to compare alkaloid content across plants and tissues. Different alkaloid structural types were found to have distinct distributions between genotypes, between tissues and within tissues. Alkaloid structural types also showed different isotope labelling enrichments that matched their biosynthetic relationships. The work suggests that mevalonate derived 30-carbon alkaloids are formed in the phloem region before their conversion to 22-carbon alkaloids which accumulate in the epidermis. This sets the stage for further investigation into the biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouthar Eljounaidi
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Barbara A Radzikowska
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Caragh B Whitehead
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Danielle J Taylor
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Susana Conde
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - William Davis
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Adam A Dowle
- Biosciences Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Swen Langer
- Biosciences Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sally James
- Biosciences Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Daphne Ezer
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Tony R Larson
- Biosciences Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Benjamin R Lichman
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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Kumar V, Nadarajan S, Boddupally D, Wang R, Bar E, Davidovich-Rikanati R, Doron-Faigenboim A, Alkan N, Lewinsohn E, Elad Y, Oren-Shamir M. Phenylalanine treatment induces tomato resistance to Tuta absoluta via increased accumulation of benzenoid/phenylpropanoid volatiles serving as defense signals. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:84-99. [PMID: 38578218 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Tuta absoluta ("leafminer"), is a major pest of tomato crops worldwide. Controlling this insect is difficult due to its efficient infestation, rapid proliferation, and resilience to changing weather conditions. Furthermore, chemical pesticides have only a short-term effect due to rapid development of T. absoluta strains. Here, we show that a variety of tomato cultivars, treated with external phenylalanine solutions exhibit high resistance to T. absoluta, under both greenhouse and open field conditions, at different locations. A large-scale metabolomic study revealed that tomato leaves absorb and metabolize externally given Phe efficiently, resulting in a change in their volatile profile, and repellence of T. absoluta moths. The change in the volatile profile is due to an increase in three phenylalanine-derived benzenoid phenylpropanoid volatiles (BPVs), benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, and 2-phenylethanol. This treatment had no effect on terpenes and green leaf volatiles, known to contribute to the fight against insects. Phe-treated plants also increased the resistance of neighboring non-treated plants. RNAseq analysis of the neighboring non-treated plants revealed an exclusive upregulation of genes, with enrichment of genes related to the plant immune response system. Exposure of tomato plants to either benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, or 2-phenylethanol, resulted in induction of genes related to the plant immune system that were also induced due to neighboring Phe-treated plants. We suggest a novel role of phenylalanine-derived BPVs as mediators of plant-insect interactions, acting as inducers of the plant defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
- Center for Life Sciences, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500043, India
| | - Stalin Nadarajan
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Dayakar Boddupally
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Einat Bar
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agriculture Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, The Volcani Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Rachel Davidovich-Rikanati
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agriculture Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, The Volcani Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Noam Alkan
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Efraim Lewinsohn
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agriculture Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, The Volcani Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Yigal Elad
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Michal Oren-Shamir
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
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Jin G, Deng Z, Wang H, Zhang Y, Fu R. EpMYB2 positively regulates chicoric acid biosynthesis by activating both primary and specialized metabolic genes in purple coneflower. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:252-265. [PMID: 38596892 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Chicoric acid is the major active ingredient of the world-popular medicinal plant purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Menoch). It is recognized as the quality index of commercial hot-selling Echinacea products. While the biosynthetic pathway of chicoric acid in purple coneflower has been elucidated recently, its regulatory network remains elusive. Through co-expression and phylogenetic analysis, we found EpMYB2, a typical R2R3-type MYB transcription factor (TF) responsive to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) simulation, is a positive regulator of chicoric acid biosynthesis. In addition to directly regulating chicoric acid biosynthetic genes, EpMYB2 positively regulates genes of the upstream shikimate pathway. We also found that EpMYC2 could activate the expression of EpMYB2 by binding to its G-box site, and the EpMYC2-EpMYB2 module is involved in the MeJA-induced chicoric acid biosynthesis. Overall, we identified an MYB TF that positively regulates the biosynthesis of chicoric acid by activating both primary and specialized metabolic genes. EpMYB2 links the gap between the JA signaling pathway and chicoric acid biosynthesis. This work opens a new direction toward engineering purple coneflower with higher medicinal qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongbi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hsihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Rao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
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50
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Jung S, Maeda HA. Debottlenecking the L-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase step with enhanced tyrosine supply boosts betalain production in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2456-2471. [PMID: 38498597 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic biology provides emerging tools to produce valuable compounds in plant hosts as sustainable chemical production platforms. However, little is known about how supply and utilization of precursors is coordinated at the interface of plant primary and specialized metabolism, limiting our ability to efficiently produce high levels of target specialized metabolites in plants. L-Tyrosine is an aromatic amino acid precursor of diverse plant natural products including betalain pigments, which are used as the major natural food red colorants and more recently a visual marker for plant transformation. Here, we studied the impact of enhanced L-tyrosine supply on the production of betalain pigments by expressing arogenate dehydrogenase (TyrA) from table beet (Beta vulgaris, BvTyrAα), which has relaxed feedback inhibition by L-tyrosine. Unexpectedly, betalain levels were reduced when BvTyrAα was coexpressed with the betalain pathway genes in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves; L-tyrosine and 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) levels were drastically elevated but not efficiently converted to betalains. An additional expression of L-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase (DODA), but not CYP76AD1 or cyclo-DOPA 5-O-glucosyltransferase, together with BvTyrAα and the betalain pathway, drastically enhanced betalain production, indicating that DODA is a major rate-limiting step of betalain biosynthesis in this system. Learning from this initial test and further debottlenecking the DODA step maximized betalain yield to an equivalent or higher level than that in table beet. Our data suggest that balancing between enhanced supply ("push") and effective utilization ("pull") of precursor by alleviating a bottleneck step is critical in successful plant synthetic biology to produce high levels of target compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Jung
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hiroshi A Maeda
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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