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Galindo-Trigo S, Khandare V, Roosjen M, Adams J, Wangler AM, Bayer M, Borst JW, Smakowska-Luzan E, Butenko MA. A multifaceted kinase axis regulates plant organ abscission through conserved signaling mechanisms. Curr Biol 2024; 34:3020-3030.e7. [PMID: 38917797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Plants have evolved mechanisms to abscise organs as they develop or when exposed to unfavorable conditions.1 Uncontrolled abscission of petals, fruits, or leaves can impair agricultural productivity.2,3,4,5 Despite its importance for abscission progression, our understanding of the IDA signaling pathway and its regulation remains incomplete. IDA is secreted to the apoplast, where it is perceived by the receptors HAESA (HAE) and HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2) and somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase (SERK) co-receptors.6,7,8,9 These plasma membrane receptors activate an intracellular cascade of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by an unknown mechanism.10,11,12 Here, we characterize brassinosteroid signaling kinases (BSKs) as regulators of floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis. BSK1 localizes to the plasma membrane of abscission zone cells, where it interacts with HAESA receptors to regulate abscission. Furthermore, we demonstrate that YODA (YDA) has a leading role among other MAPKKKs in controlling abscission downstream of the HAESA/BSK complex. This kinase axis, comprising a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase, a BSK, and an MAPKKK, is known to regulate stomatal patterning, early embryo development, and immunity.10,13,14,15,16 How specific cellular responses are obtained despite signaling through common effectors is not well understood. We show that the identified abscission-promoting allele of BSK1 also enhances receptor signaling in other BSK-mediated pathways, suggesting conservation of signaling mechanisms. Furthermore, we provide genetic evidence supporting independence of BSK1 function from its kinase activity in several developmental processes. Together, our findings suggest that BSK1 facilitates signaling between plasma membrane receptor kinases and MAPKKKs via conserved mechanisms across multiple facets of plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Galindo-Trigo
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Virendrasinh Khandare
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Biochemistry, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Roosjen
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Biochemistry, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Julian Adams
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK
| | - Alexa-Maria Wangler
- University of Tuebingen, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Bayer
- University of Tuebingen, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jan Willem Borst
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Biochemistry, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elwira Smakowska-Luzan
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Biochemistry, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Melinka A Butenko
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Galindo-Trigo S, Bågman AM, Ishida T, Sawa S, Brady SM, Butenko MA. Dissection of the IDA promoter identifies WRKY transcription factors as abscission regulators in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2417-2434. [PMID: 38294133 PMCID: PMC11016851 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Plants shed organs such as leaves, petals, or fruits through the process of abscission. Monitoring cues such as age, resource availability, and biotic and abiotic stresses allow plants to abscise organs in a timely manner. How these signals are integrated into the molecular pathways that drive abscission is largely unknown. The INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) gene is one of the main drivers of floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis and is known to transcriptionally respond to most abscission-regulating cues. By interrogating the IDA promoter in silico and in vitro, we identified transcription factors that could potentially modulate IDA expression. We probed the importance of ERF- and WRKY-binding sites for IDA expression during floral organ abscission, with WRKYs being of special relevance to mediate IDA up-regulation in response to biotic stress in tissues destined for separation. We further characterized WRKY57 as a positive regulator of IDA and IDA-like gene expression in abscission zones. Our findings highlight the promise of promoter element-targeted approaches to modulate the responsiveness of the IDA signaling pathway to harness controlled abscission timing for improved crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Galindo-Trigo
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Maarit Bågman
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Ishida
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Siobhán M Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Melinka A Butenko
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
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Datta T, Kumar RS, Sinha H, Trivedi PK. Small but mighty: Peptides regulating abiotic stress responses in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1207-1223. [PMID: 38164016 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Throughout evolution, plants have developed strategies to confront and alleviate the detrimental impacts of abiotic stresses on their growth and development. The combat strategies involve intricate molecular networks and a spectrum of early and late stress-responsive pathways. Plant peptides, consisting of fewer than 100 amino acid residues, are at the forefront of these responses, serving as pivotal signalling molecules. These peptides, with roles similar to phytohormones, intricately regulate plant growth, development and facilitate essential cell-to-cell communications. Numerous studies underscore the significant role of these small peptides in coordinating diverse signalling events triggered by environmental challenges. Originating from the proteolytic processing of larger protein precursors or directly translated from small open reading frames, including microRNA (miRNA) encoded peptides from primary miRNA, these peptides exert their biological functions through binding with membrane-embedded receptor-like kinases. This interaction initiates downstream cellular signalling cascades, often involving major phytohormones or reactive oxygen species-mediated mechanisms. Despite these advances, the precise modes of action for numerous other small peptides remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we delve into the dynamics of stress physiology, mainly focusing on the roles of major small signalling peptides, shedding light on their significance in the face of changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasya Datta
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Ravi S Kumar
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Hiteshwari Sinha
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Prabodh K Trivedi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Li H, Wang X, Qin N, Hu D, Jia Y, Sun G, He L, Zhang H, Dai P, Peng Z, Pang N, Pan Z, Zhang X, Dong Q, Chen B, Gui H, Pang B, Zhang X, He S, Song M, Du X. Genomic loci associated with leaf abscission contribute to machine picking and environmental adaptability in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). J Adv Res 2024; 58:31-43. [PMID: 37236544 PMCID: PMC10982856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Defoliation by applying defoliants before machine picking is an important agricultural practice that enhances harvesting efficiency and leads to increased raw cotton purity. However, the fundamental characteristics of leaf abscission and the underlying genetic basis in cotton are not clearly understood. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to (1) reveal the phenotypic variations in cotton leaf abscission, (2) discover the whole-genome differentiation sweeps and genetic loci related to defoliation, (3) identify and verify the functions of key candidate genes associated with defoliation, and (4) explore the relationship between haplotype frequency of loci and environmental adaptability. METHODS Four defoliation-related traits of 383 re-sequenced Gossypium hirsutum accessions were investigated in four environments. The genome-wide association study (GWAS), linkage disequilibrium (LD) interval genotyping and functional identification were conducted. Finally, the haplotype variation related to environmental adaptability and defoliation traits was revealed. RESULTS Our findings revealed the fundamental phenotypic variations of defoliation traits in cotton. We showed that defoliant significantly increased the defoliation rate without incurring yield and fiber quality penalties. The strong correlations between defoliation traits and growth period traits were observed. A genome-wide association study of defoliation traits identified 174 significant SNPs. Two loci (RDR7 on A02 and RDR13 on A13) that significantly associated with the relative defoliation rate were described, and key candidate genes GhLRR and GhCYCD3;1, encoding a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family protein and D3-type cell cyclin 1 protein respectively, were functional verified by expression pattern analysis and gene silencing. We found that combining of two favorable haplotypes (HapRDR7 and HapRDR13) improved sensitivity to defoliant. The favorable haplotype frequency generally increased in high latitudes in China, enabling adaptation to the local environment. CONCLUSION Our findings lay an important foundation for the potentially broad application of leveraging key genetic loci in breeding machine-pickable cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongge Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Ning Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Daowu Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yinhua Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Gaofei Sun
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Liangrong He
- College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Hengheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Panhong Dai
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Nianchang Pang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Zhaoe Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Baojun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Huiping Gui
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Baoyin Pang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiling Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Shoupu He
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Meizhen Song
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xiongming Du
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China.
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Singh P, Maurya SK, Singh D, Sane AP. The rose INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION-LIKE genes, RbIDL1 and RbIDL4, regulate abscission in an ethylene-responsive manner. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1147-1161. [PMID: 37069436 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE RbIDL1 and RbIDL4 are up-regulated in an ethylene-responsive manner during rose petal abscission and restored the Arabidopsis ida-2 mutant abscission defect suggesting functional conservation of the IDA pathway in rose. Abscission is an ethylene-regulated developmental process wherein plants shed unwanted organs in a controlled manner. The INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION family has been identified as a key regulator of abscission in Arabidopsis, encoding peptides that interact with receptor-like kinases to activate abscission. Loss of function ida mutants show abscission deficiency in Arabidopsis. Functional conservation of the IDA pathway in other plant abscission processes is a matter of interest given the discovery of these genes in several plants. We have identified four members of the INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION-LIKE family from the ethylene-sensitive, early-abscising fragrant rose, Rosa bourboniana. All four are conserved in sequence and possess well-defined PIP, mIDa and EPIP motifs. Three of these, RbIDL1, RbIDL2 and RbIDL4 show a three-fourfold increase in transcript levels in petal abscission zones (AZ) during ethylene-induced petal abscission as well as natural abscission. The genes are also expressed in other floral tissues but respond differently to ethylene in these tissues. RbIDL1 and RbIDL4, the more prominently expressed IDL genes in rose, can complement the abscission defect of the Arabidopsis ida-2 mutant; while, promoters of both genes can drive AZ-specific expression in an ethylene-responsive manner even in Arabidopsis silique AZs indicating recognition of AZ-specific and ethylene-responsive cis elements in their promoters by the abscission machinery of rose as well as Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Singh
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Maurya
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Department of Botany, Kishori Raman (PG) College, Mathura, India
| | - Deepika Singh
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Aniruddha P Sane
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Lopes AL, Moreira D, Pereira AM, Ferraz R, Mendes S, Pereira LG, Colombo L, Coimbra S. AGPs as molecular determinants of reproductive development. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:827-838. [PMID: 36945741 PMCID: PMC10184450 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Morphogenesis occurs through accurate interaction between essential players to generate highly specialized plant organs. Fruit structure and function are triggered by a neat transcriptional control involving distinct regulator genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) or signalling proteins, such as the C2H2/C2HC zinc-finger NO TRANSMITTING TRACT (NTT) or the MADS-box protein SEEDSTICK (STK), which are important in setting plant reproductive competence, feasibly by affecting cell wall polysaccharide and lipid distribution. Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are major components of the cell wall and are thought to be involved in the reproductive process as important players in specific stages of development. The detection of AGPs epitopes in reproductive tissues of NTT and other fruit development-related TFs, such as MADS-box proteins including SHATTERPROOF1 (SHP1), SHP2 and STK, was the focus of this study. METHODS We used fluorescence microscopy to perform immunolocalization analyses on stk and ntt single mutants, on the ntt stk double mutant and on the stk shp1 shp2 triple mutant using specific anti-AGP monoclonal antibodies. In these mutants, the expression levels of selected AGP genes were also measured by quantitative real-time PCR and compared with the respective expression in wild-type (WT) plants. KEY RESULTS The present immunolocalization study collects information on the distribution patterns of specific AGPs in Arabidopsis female reproductive tissues, complemented by the quantification of AGP expression levels, comparing WT, stk and ntt single mutants, the ntt stk double mutant and the stk shp1 shp2 triple mutant. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal distinct AGP distribution patterns in different developmental mutants related to the female reproductive unit in Arabidopsis. The value of the immunofluorescence labelling technique is highlighted in this study as an invaluable tool to dissect the remodelling nature of the cell wall in developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Lopes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute – BioISI, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Moreira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Marta Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Mendes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Gustavo Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Wu J, Liu H, Ren S, Li P, Li X, Lin L, Sun Q, Zhang L, Lin C, Wang Y. Generating an oilseed rape mutant with non-abscising floral organs using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1562-1565. [PMID: 35951752 PMCID: PMC9614459 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape plants with abscission-defective floral organs acquired through genome editing show less susceptibility to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection and longer flowering-period for flower tourism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Sichao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Panpan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qinfu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Crick J, Corrigan L, Belcram K, Khan M, Dawson JW, Adroher B, Li S, Hepworth SR, Pautot V. Floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis requires the combined activities of three TALE homeodomain transcription factors. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6150-6169. [PMID: 35689803 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Floral organ abscission is a separation process in which sepals, petals, and stamens detach from the plant at abscission zones. Here, we investigated the collective role of three amino-acid-loop-extension (TALE) homeobox genes ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX GENE1 (ATH1), KNAT6 (for KNOTTED LIKE from Arabidopsis thaliana) and KNAT2, which form a module that patterns boundaries under the regulation of BLADE-ON-PETIOLE 1 and 2 (BOP1/2) co-activators. These TALE homeodomain transcription factors were shown to maintain boundaries in the flower, functioning as a unit to coordinate the growth, patterning, and activity of abscission zones. Together with BOP1 and BOP2, ATH1 and its partners KNAT6 and KNAT2 collectively contribute to the differentiation of lignified and separation layers of the abscission zone. The genetic interactions of BOP1/2 and ATH1 with INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) were also explored. We showed that BOP1/2 co-activators and ATH1 converge with the IDA signalling pathway to promote KNAT6 and KNAT2 expression in the abscission zone and cell separation. ATH1 acts as a central regulator in floral organ abscission as it controls the expression of other TALE genes in abscission zone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Crick
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Corrigan
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katia Belcram
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Madiha Khan
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff W Dawson
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Adroher
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Sibei Li
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Véronique Pautot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
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9
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Zhang Y, Mutailifu A, Lan H. Structure, development, and the salt response of salt bladders in Chenopodium album L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:989946. [PMID: 36161027 PMCID: PMC9493005 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.989946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salt bladders are specialized epidermal structures that halophytes use to store and excrete excess salt. However, the cell wall composition during salt bladder development is unclear, and the functions of salt bladders in a few wild plants remain unexplored. Therefore, the present study examined salt bladder development, cell wall composition, and their roles under salt stress by employing bladder-brushed and unbrushed Chenopodium album plants. We found that the bladder cell of C. album was connected to the epidermal cells through a rectangular stalk cell and developed from the shoot tip and the young leaves. The polysaccharides of salt bladder cell wall showed dynamic distribution at different stages of development. Moreover, salt bladders affected Na+ and K+ accumulation, increased reactive oxygen species scavenging, and improved the osmoregulation and photosynthetic efficiency in leaves, subsequently enhancing the salt tolerance of plants. The findings strengthen our knowledge of the physiological mechanisms of the accessory structures in desert plants, which can be used as a reference for further research at the molecular level.
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Arabinogalactan Proteins: Focus on the Role in Cellulose Synthesis and Deposition during Plant Cell Wall Biogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126578. [PMID: 35743022 PMCID: PMC9223364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) belong to a family of glycoproteins that are widely present in plants. AGPs are mostly composed of a protein backbone decorated with complex carbohydrate side chains and are usually anchored to the plasma membrane or secreted extracellularly. A trickle of compelling biochemical and genetic evidence has demonstrated that AGPs make exciting candidates for a multitude of vital activities related to plant growth and development. However, because of the diversity of AGPs, functional redundancy of AGP family members, and blunt-force research tools, the precise functions of AGPs and their mechanisms of action remain elusive. In this review, we put together the current knowledge about the characteristics, classification, and identification of AGPs and make a summary of the biological functions of AGPs in multiple phases of plant reproduction and developmental processes. In addition, we especially discuss deeply the potential mechanisms for AGP action in different biological processes via their impacts on cellulose synthesis and deposition based on previous studies. Particularly, five hypothetical models that may explain the AGP involvement in cellulose synthesis and deposition during plant cell wall biogenesis are proposed. AGPs open a new avenue for understanding cellulose synthesis and deposition in plants.
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11
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Cui Y, Lu X, Gou X. Receptor-like protein kinases in plant reproduction: Current understanding and future perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100273. [PMID: 35059634 PMCID: PMC8760141 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction is a crucial process in the life span of flowering plants, and directly affects human basic requirements in agriculture, such as grain yield and quality. Typical receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are a large family of membrane proteins sensing extracellular signals to regulate plant growth, development, and stress responses. In Arabidopsis thaliana and other plant species, RLK-mediated signaling pathways play essential roles in regulating the reproductive process by sensing different ligand signals. Molecular understanding of the reproductive process is vital from the perspective of controlling male and female fertility. Here, we summarize the roles of RLKs during plant reproduction at the genetic and molecular levels, including RLK-mediated floral organ development, ovule and anther development, and embryogenesis. In addition, the possible molecular regulatory patterns of those RLKs with unrevealed mechanisms during reproductive development are discussed. We also point out the thought-provoking questions raised by the research on these plant RLKs during reproduction for future investigation.
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12
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Kim JS, Jeon BW, Kim J. Signaling Peptides Regulating Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:704490. [PMID: 34349774 PMCID: PMC8326967 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.704490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to constantly changing environments that are often stressful for their growth and development. To cope with these stresses, plants have evolved complex and sophisticated stress-responsive signaling pathways regulating the expression of transcription factors and biosynthesis of osmolytes that confer tolerance to plants. Signaling peptides acting like phytohormones control various aspects of plant growth and development via cell-cell communication networks. These peptides are typically recognized by membrane-embedded receptor-like kinases, inducing activation of cellular signaling to control plant growth and development. Recent studies have revealed that several signaling peptides play important roles in plant responses to abiotic stress. In this mini review, we provide recent findings on the roles and signaling pathways of peptides that are involved in coordinating plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as dehydration, high salinity, reactive oxygen species, and heat. We also discuss recent developments in signaling peptides that play a role in plant adaptation responses to nutrient deficiency stress, focusing on nitrogen and phosphate deficiency responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Byeong Wook Jeon
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jungmook Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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13
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Cruz-Valderrama JE, Bernal-Gallardo JJ, Herrera-Ubaldo H, de Folter S. Building a Flower: The Influence of Cell Wall Composition on Flower Development and Reproduction. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12070978. [PMID: 34206830 PMCID: PMC8304806 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Floral patterning is a complex task. Various organs and tissues must be formed to fulfill reproductive functions. Flower development has been studied, mainly looking for master regulators. However, downstream changes such as the cell wall composition are relevant since they allow cells to divide, differentiate, and grow. In this review, we focus on the main components of the primary cell wall-cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins-to describe how enzymes involved in the biosynthesis, modifications, and degradation of cell wall components are related to the formation of the floral organs. Additionally, internal and external stimuli participate in the genetic regulation that modulates the activity of cell wall remodeling proteins.
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Gookin TE, Assmann SM. Cantil: a previously unreported organ in wild-type Arabidopsis regulated by FT, ERECTA and heterotrimeric G proteins. Development 2021; 148:269072. [PMID: 34129030 DOI: 10.1242/dev.195545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We describe a previously unreported macroscopic Arabidopsis organ, the cantil, named for its 'cantilever' function of holding the pedicel at a distance from the stem. Cantil development is strongest at the first nodes after the vegetative to reproductive inflorescence transition; cantil magnitude and frequency decrease acropetally. Cantils develop in wild-type Arabidopsis accessions (e.g. Col-0, Ws and Di-G) as a consequence of delayed flowering in short days; cantil formation is observed in long days when flowering is delayed by null mutation of the floral regulator FLOWERING LOCUS T. The receptor-like kinase ERECTA is a global positive regulator of cantil formation; therefore, cantils never form in the Arabidopsis strain Ler. ERECTA functions genetically upstream of heterotrimeric G proteins. Cantil expressivity is repressed by the specific heterotrimeric complex subunits GPA1, AGB1 and AGG3, which also play independent roles: GPA1 suppresses distal spurs at cantil termini, while AGB1 and AGG3 suppress ectopic epidermal rippling. These G protein mutant traits are recapitulated in long-day flowering gpa1-3 ft-10 plants, demonstrating that cantils, spurs and ectopic rippling occur as a function of delayed phase transition, rather than as a function of photoperiod per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Gookin
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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15
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Ventimilla D, Velázquez K, Ruiz-Ruiz S, Terol J, Pérez-Amador MA, Vives MC, Guerri J, Talon M, Tadeo FR. IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION)-like peptides and HAE (HAESA)-like receptors regulate corolla abscission in Nicotiana benthamiana flowers. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:226. [PMID: 34020584 PMCID: PMC8139003 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abscission is an active, organized, and highly coordinated cell separation process enabling the detachment of aerial organs through the modification of cell-to-cell adhesion and breakdown of cell walls at specific sites on the plant body known as abscission zones. In Arabidopsis thaliana, abscission of floral organs and cauline leaves is regulated by the interaction of the hormonal peptide INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA), a pair of redundant receptor-like protein kinases, HAESA (HAE) and HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2), and SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SERK) co-receptors. However, the functionality of this abscission signaling module has not yet been demonstrated in other plant species. RESULTS The expression of the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs and the receptor NbenHAE.1 was supressed at the base of the corolla tube by the inoculation of two virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) constructs in Nicotiana benthamiana. These gene suppression events arrested corolla abscission but did not produce any obvious effect on plant growth. VIGS plants retained a higher number of corollas attached to the flowers than control plants, an observation related to a greater corolla breakstrength. The arrest of corolla abscission was associated with the preservation of the parenchyma tissue at the base of the corolla tube that, in contrast, was virtually collapsed in normal corollas. In contrast, the inoculation of a viral vector construct that increased the expression of NbenIDA1A at the base of the corolla tube negatively affected the growth of the inoculated plants accelerating the timing of both corolla senescence and abscission. However, the heterologous ectopic overexpression of citrus CitIDA3 and Arabidopsis AtIDA in N. benthamiana did not alter the standard plant phenotype suggesting that the proteolytic processing machinery was unable to yield active peptides. CONCLUSION Here, we demonstrate that the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs encoding small peptides of the IDA-like family and the receptor NbenHAE.1 control cellular breakdown at the base of the corolla tube awhere an adventitious AZ should be formed and, therefore, corolla abscission in N. benthamiana flowers. Altogether, our results provide the first evidence supporting the notion that the IDA-HAE/HSL2 signaling module is conserved in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ventimilla
- Centro de Genómica - Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Karelia Velázquez
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Ruiz-Ruiz
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Terol
- Centro de Genómica - Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Pérez-Amador
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. CPI Ed. 8E, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mª. Carmen Vives
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Guerri
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Talon
- Centro de Genómica - Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco R. Tadeo
- Centro de Genómica - Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
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Characterization of Two Ethephon-Induced IDA-Like Genes from Mango, and Elucidation of Their Involvement in Regulating Organ Abscission. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030439. [PMID: 33808710 PMCID: PMC8003476 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In mango (Mangifera indica L.), fruitlet abscission limits productivity. The INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) peptide acts as a key component controlling abscission events in Arabidopsis. IDA-like peptides may assume similar roles in fruit trees. In this study, we isolated two mango IDA-like encoding-genes, MiIDA1 and MiIDA2. We used mango fruitlet-bearing explants and fruitlet-bearing trees, in which fruitlets abscission was induced using ethephon. We monitored the expression profiles of the two MiIDA-like genes in control and treated fruitlet abscission zones (AZs). In both systems, qRT-PCR showed that, within 24 h, both MiIDA-like genes were induced by ethephon, and that changes in their expression profiles were associated with upregulation of different ethylene signaling-related and cell-wall modifying genes. Furthermore, ectopic expression of both genes in Arabidopsis promoted floral-organ abscission, and was accompanied by an early increase in the cytosolic pH of floral AZ cells-a phenomenon known to be linked with abscission, and by activation of cell separation in vestigial AZs. Finally, overexpression of both genes in an Atida mutant restored its abscission ability. Our results suggest roles for MiIDA1 and MiIDA2 in affecting mango fruitlet abscission. Based on our results, we propose new possible modes of action for IDA-like proteins in regulating organ abscission.
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17
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Stabell M, Sæther T, Røhr ÅK, Gabrielsen OS, Myklebost O. Methylation-dependent SUMOylation of the architectural transcription factor HMGA2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 552:91-97. [PMID: 33744765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group A2 (HMGA2) is a chromatin-associated protein involved in the regulation of stem cell function, embryogenesis and cancer development. Although the protein does not contain a consensus SUMOylation site, it is shown to be SUMOylated. In this study, we demonstrate that the first lysine residue in the reported K66KAE SUMOylation motif in HMGA2 can be methylated in vitro and in vivo by the Set7/9 methyltransferase. By editing the lysine, the increased hydrophobicity of the resulting 6-N-methyl-lysine transforms the sequence into a consensus SUMO motif. This post-translational editing dramatically increases the subsequent SUMOylation of this site. Furthermore, similar putative methylation-dependent SUMO motifs are found in a number of other chromatin factors, and we confirm methylation-dependent SUMOylation of a site in one such protein, the Polyhomeotic complex 1 homolog (PHC1). Together, these results suggest that crosstalk between methylation and SUMOylation is a general mode for regulation of chromatin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Stabell
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4953 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Sæther
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åsmund K Røhr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Odd S Gabrielsen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4953 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Wilmowicz E, Kućko A, Pokora W, Kapusta M, Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz K, Tranbarger TJ, Wolska M, Panek K. EPIP-Evoked Modifications of Redox, Lipid, and Pectin Homeostasis in the Abscission Zone of Lupine Flowers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3001. [PMID: 33809409 PMCID: PMC7999084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow lupine is a great model for abscission-related research given that excessive flower abortion reduces its yield. It has been previously shown that the EPIP peptide, a fragment of LlIDL (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION) amino-acid sequence, is a sufficient molecule to induce flower abortion, however, the question remains: What are the exact changes evoked by this peptide locally in abscission zone (AZ) cells? Therefore, we used EPIP peptide to monitor specific modifications accompanied by early steps of flower abscission directly in the AZ. EPIP stimulates the downstream elements of the pathway-HAESA and MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE6 and induces cellular symptoms indicating AZ activation. The EPIP treatment disrupts redox homeostasis, involving the accumulation of H2O2 and upregulation of the enzymatic antioxidant system including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase. A weakening of the cell wall structure in response to EPIP is reflected by pectin demethylation, while a changing pattern of fatty acids and acyl lipids composition suggests a modification of lipid metabolism. Notably, the formation of a signaling molecule-phosphatidic acid is induced locally in EPIP-treated AZ. Collectively, all these changes indicate the switching of several metabolic and signaling pathways directly in the AZ in response to EPIP, which inevitably leads to flower abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Wilmowicz
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Agata Kućko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159 Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Pokora
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, 59 Wita Stwosza, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Kapusta
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, University of Gdańsk, 59 Wita Stwosza, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | | | - Timothy John Tranbarger
- UMR DIADE, IRD Centre de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 CEDEX 5 Montpellier, France;
| | - Magdalena Wolska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Panek
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (K.P.)
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Bassal M, Abukhalaf M, Majovsky P, Thieme D, Herr T, Ayash M, Tabassum N, Al Shweiki MR, Proksch C, Hmedat A, Ziegler J, Lee J, Neumann S, Hoehenwarter W. Reshaping of the Arabidopsis thaliana Proteome Landscape and Co-regulation of Proteins in Development and Immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1709-1732. [PMID: 33007468 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Proteome remodeling is a fundamental adaptive response, and proteins in complexes and functionally related proteins are often co-expressed. Using a deep sampling strategy we define core proteomes of Arabidopsis thaliana tissues with around 10 000 proteins per tissue, and absolutely quantify (copy numbers per cell) nearly 16 000 proteins throughout the plant lifecycle. A proteome-wide survey of global post-translational modification revealed amino acid exchanges pointing to potential conservation of translational infidelity in eukaryotes. Correlation analysis of protein abundance uncovered potentially new tissue- and age-specific roles of entire signaling modules regulating transcription in photosynthesis, seed development, and senescence and abscission. Among others, the data suggest a potential function of RD26 and other NAC transcription factors in seed development related to desiccation tolerance as well as a possible function of cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) as ROS sensors in senescence. All of the components of ribosome biogenesis factor (RBF) complexes were found to be co-expressed in a tissue- and age-specific manner, indicating functional promiscuity in the assembly of these less-studied protein complexes in Arabidopsis.Furthermore, we characterized detailed proteome remodeling in basal immunity by treating Arabidopsis seeldings with flg22. Through simultaneously monitoring phytohormone and transcript changes upon flg22 treatment, we obtained strong evidence of suppression of jasmonate (JA) and JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) levels by deconjugation and hydroxylation by IAA-ALA RESISTANT3 (IAR3) and JASMONATE-INDUCED OXYGENASE 2 (JOX2), respectively, under the control of JASMONATE INSENSITIVE 1 (MYC2), suggesting an unrecognized role of a new JA regulatory switch in pattern-triggered immunity. Taken together, the datasets generated in this study present extensive coverage of the Arabidopsis proteome in various biological scenarios, providing a rich resource available to the whole plant science community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Bassal
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Mohammad Abukhalaf
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Petra Majovsky
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Domenika Thieme
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Tobias Herr
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Mohamed Ayash
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Naheed Tabassum
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Mhd Rami Al Shweiki
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Carsten Proksch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Ali Hmedat
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Jörg Ziegler
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Justin Lee
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Steffen Neumann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoehenwarter
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany.
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20
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Wang Z, Gou X. Receptor-Like Protein Kinases Function Upstream of MAPKs in Regulating Plant Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207638. [PMID: 33076465 PMCID: PMC7590044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a group of protein kinase broadly involved in various signal pathways in eukaryotes. In plants, MAPK cascades regulate growth, development, stress responses and immunity by perceiving signals from the upstream regulators and transmitting the phosphorylation signals to the downstream signaling components. To reveal the interactions between MAPK cascades and their upstream regulators is important for understanding the functional mechanisms of MAPKs in the life span of higher plants. Typical receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are plasma membrane-located to perceive endogenous or exogenous signal molecules in regulating plant growth, development and immunity. MAPK cascades bridge the extracellular signals and intracellular transcription factors in many RLK-mediated signaling pathways. This review focuses on the current findings that RLKs regulate plant development through MAPK cascades and discusses questions that are worth investigating in the near future.
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21
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Parra R, Gomez-Jimenez MC. Spatio-temporal immunolocalization of extensin protein and hemicellulose polysaccharides during olive fruit abscission. PLANTA 2020; 252:32. [PMID: 32757074 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Immunocytochemical and molecular analyses reveal that the disassembly of the cell wall may be mediated by changes in the level and subcellular location of extensin protein and hemicelluloses during olive-fruit abscission. Although cell-wall modification is believed to underlie the changes in organ abscission, information concerning the changes in cell-wall proteins and hemicellulose polysaccharides is still limited. The aim of this work was to analyze the spatio-temporal patterns of the distribution of different extensin proteins and hemicelluloses in the abscission zone (AZ) during natural ripe-fruit abscission in olive (Olea europaea L.). In this study, we employed immunogold labeling in the ripe-fruit AZ during olive AZ cell separation, using an expanded set of monoclonal antibodies that recognize different types of hemicelluloses (LM11, LM15, and LM21), callose (anti-(1,3)-β-D-glucan) and extensin (JIM19) epitopes, and transmission electron microscopy imaging. Our data demonstrate that AZ cell separation was accompanied by a loss of the JIM19 extensin epitopes and a reduction in the detection of the LM15 xyloglucan epitopes in AZ cell walls, whereas AZ cells were found to be enriched with respect to the xylan and callose levels of the cell wall during olive ripe-fruit abscission. By contrast, AZ cell-wall polysaccharide remodeling did not involve mannans. Moreover, in ripe-fruit AZ, quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that OeEXT1, OeEXT2, OeXTH9, and OeXTH13 genes were downregulated during abscission, whereas the expression of OeXTH1, OeXTH5, and OeXTH14 genes increased during abscission. Taken together, the results indicate that AZ cell-wall dynamics during olive ripe-fruit abscission involves extensin protein and hemicellulose modifications, as well as related expressed genes. This is the first study available demonstrating temporal degradation of extensin protein and hemicelluloses in the AZ at the subcellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Parra
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Maria C Gomez-Jimenez
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain.
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Parra R, Paredes MA, Labrador J, Nunes C, Coimbra MA, Fernandez-Garcia N, Olmos E, Gallardo M, Gomez-Jimenez MC. Cell Wall Composition and Ultrastructural Immunolocalization of Pectin and Arabinogalactan Protein during Olea europaea L. Fruit Abscission. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:814-825. [PMID: 32016408 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall modification is integral to many plant developmental processes where cells need to separate, such as abscission. However, changes in cell wall composition during natural fruit abscission are poorly understood. In olive (Olea europaea L.), some cultivars such as 'Picual' undergo massive natural fruit abscission after fruit ripening. This study investigates the differences in cell wall polysaccharide composition and the localization of pectins and arabinogalactan protein (AGP) in the abscission zone (AZ) during cell separation to understand fruit abscission control in 'Picual' olive. To this end, immunogold labeling employing a suite of monoclonal antibodies to cell wall components (JIM13, LM5, LM6, LM19 and LM20) was investigated in olive fruit AZ. Cell wall polysaccharide extraction revealed that the AZ cell separation is related to the de-esterification and degradation of pectic polysaccharides. Moreover, ultrastructural localization showed that both esterified and unesterified homogalacturonans (HGs) localize mainly in the AZ cell walls, including the middle lamella and tricellular junction zones. Our results indicate that unesterified HGs are likely to contribute to cell separation in the olive fruit AZ. Similarly, immunogold labeling demonstrated a decrease in both galactose-rich and arabinose-rich pectins in AZ cell walls during ripe fruit abscission. In addition, AGPs were localized in the cell wall, plasma membrane and cytoplasm of AZ cells with lower levels of AGPs during ripe fruit abscission. This detailed temporal profile of the cell wall polysaccharide composition, and the pectins and AGP immunolocalization in the olive fruit AZ, offers new insights into cell wall remodeling during ripe fruit abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Parra
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Miguel A Paredes
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Juana Labrador
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro P-3810-193, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro P-3810-193, Portugal
| | - Nieves Fernandez-Garcia
- Department of Abiotic Stress and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Enrique Olmos
- Department of Abiotic Stress and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gallardo
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, s/n, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Maria C Gomez-Jimenez
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Gou X, Li J. Paired Receptor and Coreceptor Kinases Perceive Extracellular Signals to Control Plant Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1667-1681. [PMID: 32144125 PMCID: PMC7140932 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like protein kinase complexes regulate plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Gou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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24
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Ventimilla D, Domingo C, González-Ibeas D, Talon M, Tadeo FR. Differential expression of IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION)-like genes in Nicotiana benthamiana during corolla abscission, stem growth and water stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:34. [PMID: 31959115 PMCID: PMC6971993 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION)-like signaling peptides and the associated HAE (HAESA)-like family of receptor kinases were originally reported in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) to be deeply involved in the regulation of abscission. Actually, IDA peptides, as cell-to-cell communication elements, appear to be implicated in many developmental processes that rely on cell separation events, and even in the responses to abiotic stresses. However, the knowledge related to the molecular machinery regulating abscission in economically important crops is scarce. In this work, we determined the conservation and phylogeny of the IDA-like and HAE-like gene families in relevant species of the Solanaceae family and analyzed the expression of these genes in the allopolyploid Nicotiana benthamiana, in order to identify members involved in abscission, stem growth and in the response to drought conditions. RESULTS The phylogenetic relationships among the IDA-like members of the Solanaceae studied, grouped the two pairs of NbenIDA1 and NbenIDA2 protein homeologs with the Arabidopsis prepropeptides related to abscission. Analysis of promoter regions searching for regulatory elements showed that these two pairs of homeologs contained both hormonal and drought response elements, although NbenIDA2A lacked the hormonal regulatory elements. Expression analyses showed that the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs were upregulated during corolla abscission. NbenIDA1 and NbenIDA2 pairs showed tissue differential expression under water stress conditions, since NbenIDA1 homeologs were highly expressed in stressed leaves while NbenIDA2 homeologs, especially NbenIDA2B, were highly expressed in stressed roots. In non-stressed active growing plants, nodes and internodes were the tissues with the highest expression levels of all members of the IDA-like family and their putative HAE-like receptors. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs are involved in the natural process of corolla abscission while both pairs of NbenIDA1 and NbenIDA2 homeologs are implicated in the response to water stress. The data also suggest that IDA peptides may be important during stem growth and development. These results provide additional evidence that the functional module formed by IDA peptides and its receptor kinases, as defined in Arabidopsis, may also be conserved in Solanaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ventimilla
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Concha Domingo
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Ibeas
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Talon
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco R. Tadeo
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113 Valencia, Spain
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25
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Ventimilla D, Domingo C, González-Ibeas D, Talon M, Tadeo FR. Differential expression of IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION)-like genes in Nicotiana benthamiana during corolla abscission, stem growth and water stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:34. [PMID: 31959115 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2250-2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION)-like signaling peptides and the associated HAE (HAESA)-like family of receptor kinases were originally reported in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) to be deeply involved in the regulation of abscission. Actually, IDA peptides, as cell-to-cell communication elements, appear to be implicated in many developmental processes that rely on cell separation events, and even in the responses to abiotic stresses. However, the knowledge related to the molecular machinery regulating abscission in economically important crops is scarce. In this work, we determined the conservation and phylogeny of the IDA-like and HAE-like gene families in relevant species of the Solanaceae family and analyzed the expression of these genes in the allopolyploid Nicotiana benthamiana, in order to identify members involved in abscission, stem growth and in the response to drought conditions. RESULTS The phylogenetic relationships among the IDA-like members of the Solanaceae studied, grouped the two pairs of NbenIDA1 and NbenIDA2 protein homeologs with the Arabidopsis prepropeptides related to abscission. Analysis of promoter regions searching for regulatory elements showed that these two pairs of homeologs contained both hormonal and drought response elements, although NbenIDA2A lacked the hormonal regulatory elements. Expression analyses showed that the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs were upregulated during corolla abscission. NbenIDA1 and NbenIDA2 pairs showed tissue differential expression under water stress conditions, since NbenIDA1 homeologs were highly expressed in stressed leaves while NbenIDA2 homeologs, especially NbenIDA2B, were highly expressed in stressed roots. In non-stressed active growing plants, nodes and internodes were the tissues with the highest expression levels of all members of the IDA-like family and their putative HAE-like receptors. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs are involved in the natural process of corolla abscission while both pairs of NbenIDA1 and NbenIDA2 homeologs are implicated in the response to water stress. The data also suggest that IDA peptides may be important during stem growth and development. These results provide additional evidence that the functional module formed by IDA peptides and its receptor kinases, as defined in Arabidopsis, may also be conserved in Solanaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ventimilla
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113, Valencia, Spain
| | - Concha Domingo
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Ibeas
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Talon
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco R Tadeo
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km 10,7 Moncada, E-46113, Valencia, Spain.
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Identification and Characterization of HAESA-Like Genes Involved in the Fruitlet Abscission in Litchi. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235945. [PMID: 31779183 PMCID: PMC6928639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of abscission is an important agricultural concern since precocious abscission can reduce crop yield. INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) peptide and its receptors the HAESA (HAE) and HAESA-like2 (HSL2) kinases have been revealed to be core components controlling floral organ abscission in the model plant Arabidopsis. However, it is still unclear whether the homologs of IDA-HAE/HSL2 in non-model plants are correlated to abscission. Previously, we found LcIDL1, a homolog of IDA from litchi, has a similar role to AtIDA in control of floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis. Here, we further isolated an HAESA-like homolog, LcHSL2, which is likely involved in the fruitlet abscission in litchi. Ectopic expression of LcHSL2 in wild type Arabidopsis has no effect on the floral organ abscission. However, its presence in the hae hsl2 mutant background completely rescued the floral organ abscission deficiency. LcHSL2 is localized in the cell membrane and the LcHSL2 gene is expressed at the pedicel abscission zone (AZ) of litchi and floral AZ of Arabidopsis. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression level of LcHSL2 was increased during ethephon-induced fruitlet abscission in litchi. Taken together, our findings suggest that HSL2 homologs have functional conservation in Arabidopsis and litchi, and LcHSL2 might play a critical role in regulation of fruitlet abscission in litchi.
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27
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Lee Y. More than cell wall hydrolysis: orchestration of cellular dynamics for organ separation. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 51:37-43. [PMID: 31030063 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants' ability to cope with the ever-changing environment is one of the hallmarks that distinguishes plants from animals. Plants stationed in one place have evolved to remodel their architecture in response to the environmental factors by continuously creating new organ systems and removing existing organs through abscission. Herein, I provide insights into developmental plasticity of plants, focusing on the exit strategy (abscission). When plants start developing organs, the elimination tactics are also established in the form of abscission zones (AZ), that is, specialized cell layers for organ separation. Herein, recent advances in understanding the spatial regulatory mechanism of AZ in terms of cellular dynamics, coordination, and reconfiguration of the physical barrier of the cell wall to achieve precise abscission are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuree Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Wilmowicz E, Kućko A, Burchardt S, Przywieczerski T. Molecular and Hormonal Aspects of Drought-Triggered Flower Shedding in Yellow Lupine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3731. [PMID: 31370140 PMCID: PMC6695997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The drought is a crucial environmental factor that determines yielding of many crop species, e.g., Fabaceae, which are a source of valuable proteins for food and feed. Herein, we focused on the events accompanying drought-induced activation of flower abscission zone (AZ)-the structure responsible for flower detachment and, consequently, determining seed production in Lupinus luteus. Therefore, detection of molecular markers regulating this process is an excellent tool in the development of improved drought-resistant cultivars to minimize yield loss. We applied physiological, molecular, biochemical, immunocytochemical, and chromatography methods for a comprehensive examination of changes evoked by drought in the AZ cells. This factor led to significant cellular changes and activated AZ, which consequently increased the flower abortion rate. Simultaneously, drought caused an accumulation of mRNA of genes inflorescence deficient in abscission-like (LlIDL), receptor-like protein kinase HSL (LlHSL), and mitogen-activated protein kinase6 (LlMPK6), encoding succeeding elements of AZ activation pathway. The content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), catalase activity, and localization significantly changed which confirmed the appearance of stressful conditions and indicated modifications in the redox balance. Loss of water enhanced transcriptional activity of the abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene (ET) biosynthesis pathways, which was manifested by elevated expression of zeaxanthin epoxidase (LlZEP), aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (LlACS), and aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (LlACO) genes. Accordingly, both ABA and ET precursors were highly abundant in AZ cells. Our study provides information about several new potential markers of early response on water loss, which can help to elucidate the mechanisms that control plant response to drought, and gives a useful basis for breeders and agronomists to enhance tolerance of crops against the stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Wilmowicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Agata Kućko
- Department of Plant Physiology Warsaw, University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159 Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Burchardt
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Tomasz Przywieczerski
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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29
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Shi CL, Alling RM, Hammerstad M, Aalen RB. Control of Organ Abscission and Other Cell Separation Processes by Evolutionary Conserved Peptide Signaling. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8070225. [PMID: 31311120 PMCID: PMC6681299 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants both generate and shed organs throughout their lifetime. Cell separation is in function during opening of anthers to release pollen; floral organs are detached after pollination when they have served their purpose; unfertilized flowers are shed; fruits and seeds are abscised from the mother plant to secure the propagation of new generations. Organ abscission takes place in specialized abscission zone (AZ) cells where the middle lamella between adjacent cell files is broken down. The plant hormone ethylene has a well-documented promoting effect on abscission, but mutation in ethylene receptor genes in Arabidopsis thaliana only delays the abscission process. Microarray and RNA sequencing have identified a large number of genes differentially expressed in the AZs, especially genes encoding enzymes involved in cell wall remodelling and disassembly. Mutations in such genes rarely give a phenotype, most likely due to functional redundancy. In contrast, mutation in the INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) blocks floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis. IDA encodes a small peptide that signals through the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases HAESA (HAE) and HAE-LIKE2 (HSL2) to control floral organ abscission and facilitate lateral root emergence. Untimely abscission is a severe problem in many crops, and in a more applied perspective, it is of interest to investigate whether IDA-HAE/HSL2 is involved in other cell separation processes and other species. Genes encoding IDA and HSL2 orthologues have been identified in all orders of flowering plants. Angiosperms have had enormous success, with species adapted to all kinds of environments, adaptations which include variation with respect to which organs they shed. Here we review, from an evolutionary perspective, the properties of the IDA-HAE/HSL2 signaling module and the evidence for its hypothesized involvement in various cell separation processes in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Shi
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Renate Marie Alling
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marta Hammerstad
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidunn B Aalen
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
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30
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Botton A, Ruperti B. The Yes and No of the Ethylene Involvement in Abscission. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8060187. [PMID: 31242577 PMCID: PMC6630578 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Abscission has significant implications in agriculture and several efforts have been addressed by researchers to understand its regulatory steps in both model and crop species. Among the main players in abscission, ethylene has exhibited some fascinating features, in that it was shown to be involved at different stages of abscission induction and, in some cases, with interesting roles also within the abscising organ at the very early stages of the process. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the role of ethylene both at the level of the abscission zone and within the shedding organ, pointing out the missing pieces of the very complicated puzzle of the abscission process in the different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Botton
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment-DAFNAE, University of Padova, Agripolis, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy.
| | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment-DAFNAE, University of Padova, Agripolis, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy.
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31
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Tranbarger TJ, Domonhédo H, Cazemajor M, Dubreuil C, Fischer U, Morcillo F. The PIP Peptide of INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION Enhances Populus Leaf and Elaeis guineensis Fruit Abscission. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E143. [PMID: 31151222 PMCID: PMC6630328 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The programmed loss of a plant organ is called abscission, which is an important cell separation process that occurs with different organs throughout the life of a plant. The use of floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana as a model has allowed greater understanding of the complexities of organ abscission, but whether the regulatory pathways are conserved throughout the plant kingdom and for all organ abscission types is unknown. One important pathway that has attracted much attention involves a peptide ligand-receptor signalling system that consists of the secreted peptide IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION) and at least two leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinases (RLK), HAESA (HAE) and HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2). In the current study we examine the bioactive potential of IDA peptides in two different abscission processes, leaf abscission in Populus and ripe fruit abscission in oil palm, and find in both cases treatment with IDA peptides enhances cell separation and abscission of both organ types. Our results provide evidence to suggest that the IDA-HAE-HSL2 pathway is conserved and functions in these phylogenetically divergent dicot and monocot species during both leaf and fruit abscission, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy John Tranbarger
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France.
- Ecology and Genetics Laboratory, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), 17-01-21-84 Quito, Ecuador.
| | | | - Michel Cazemajor
- CRAPP, INRAB, BP 1 Pobè, Benin.
- PalmElit SAS, F-34980 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France.
| | - Carole Dubreuil
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
- DRT DPACA, CEA Tech Cadarache, 13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France.
| | - Urs Fischer
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
- KWS SAAT SE, RD-BT, 37574 Einbeck, Germany.
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32
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Jáquez-Gutiérrez M, Atarés A, Pineda B, Angarita P, Ribelles C, García-Sogo B, Sánchez-López J, Capel C, Yuste-Lisbona FJ, Lozano R, Moreno V. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of tomato mutants provides new insights into leaf development and its relationship to agronomic traits. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:141. [PMID: 30987599 PMCID: PMC6466659 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomato mutants altered in leaf morphology are usually identified in the greenhouse, which demands considerable time and space and can only be performed in adequate periods. For a faster but equally reliable scrutiny method we addressed the screening in vitro of 971 T-DNA lines. Leaf development was evaluated in vitro in seedlings and shoot-derived axenic plants. New mutants were characterized in the greenhouse to establish the relationship between in vitro and in vivo leaf morphology, and to shed light on possible links between leaf development and agronomic traits, a promising field in which much remains to be discovered. RESULTS Following the screening in vitro of tomato T-DNA lines, putative mutants altered in leaf morphology were evaluated in the greenhouse. The comparison of results in both conditions indicated a general phenotypic correspondence, showing that in vitro culture is a reliable system for finding mutants altered in leaf development. Apart from providing homogeneous conditions, the main advantage of screening in vitro lies in the enormous time and space saving. Studies on the association between phenotype and nptII gene expression showed co-segregation in two lines (P > 99%). The use of an enhancer trap also allowed identifying gain-of-function mutants through reporter expression analysis. These studies suggested that genes altered in three other mutants were T-DNA tagged. New mutants putatively altered in brassinosteroid synthesis or perception, mutations determining multiple pleiotropic effects, lines affected in organ curvature, and the first tomato mutant with helical growth were discovered. Results also revealed new possible links between leaf development and agronomic traits, such as axillary branching, flower abscission, fruit development and fruit cracking. Furthermore, we found that the gene tagged in mutant 2635-MM encodes a Sterol 3-beta-glucosyltransferase. Expression analysis suggested that abnormal leaf development might be due to the lack-off-function of this gene. CONCLUSION In vitro culture is a quick, efficient and reliable tool for identifying tomato mutants altered in leaf morphology. The characterization of new mutants in vivo revealed new links between leaf development and some agronomic traits. Moreover, the possible implication of a gene encoding a Sterol 3-beta-glucosyltransferase in tomato leaf development is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marybel Jáquez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Atarés
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Benito Pineda
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Angarita
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Carrera 35#36-99, Barrio Barzal, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Carlos Ribelles
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña García-Sogo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Km 17.5 Carretera Culiacán-El Dorado, C.P 80000 Culiacán, Sinaloa Mexico
| | - Carmen Capel
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Fernando J. Yuste-Lisbona
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Rafael Lozano
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Vicente Moreno
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Meir S, Philosoph-Hadas S, Riov J, Tucker ML, Patterson SE, Roberts JA. Re-evaluation of the ethylene-dependent and -independent pathways in the regulation of floral and organ abscission. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1461-1467. [PMID: 30726930 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Abscission is a developmental process with important implications for agricultural practices. Ethylene has long been considered as a key regulator of the abscission process. The existence of an ethylene-independent abscission pathway, controlled by the complex of INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) peptide and the HAESA (HAE) and HAESA-like2 (HSL2) kinases, has been proposed, based mainly on observations that organ abscission in ethylene-insensitive mutants was delayed but not inhibited. A recent review on plant organ abscission signaling highlighted the IDA-HAE-HSL2 components as the regulators of organ abscission, while the role of auxin and ethylene in this process was hardly addressed. After a careful analysis of the relevant abscission literature, we propose that the IDA-HAE-HSL2 pathway is essential for the final stages of organ abscission, while ethylene plays a major role in its initiation and progression. We discuss the view that the IDA-HAE-HSL2 pathway is ethylene independent, and present recent evidence showing that ethylene activates the IDA-HAE-HSL2 complex. We conclude that the ability of an organ to abscise is tightly linked to cell turgidity in the abscission zone, and suggest that lack of cell turgidity might contribute to the failure of floral organ abscission in the ida mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimon Meir
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Sonia Philosoph-Hadas
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Joseph Riov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mark L Tucker
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Lab, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Sara E Patterson
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeremy A Roberts
- Office of the Vice-Chancellor, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, UK
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Perrakis A, Bita CE, Arhondakis S, Krokida A, Mekkaoui K, Denic D, Blazakis KN, Kaloudas D, Kalaitzis P. Suppression of a Prolyl 4 Hydroxylase Results in Delayed Abscission of Overripe Tomato Fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:348. [PMID: 30984217 PMCID: PMC6447859 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The tomato pedicel abscission zone (AZ) is considered a model system for flower and fruit abscission development, activation, and progression. O-glycosylated proteins such as the Arabidopsis IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION) peptide and Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) which undergo proline hydroxylation were demonstrated to participate in abscission regulation. Considering that the frequency of occurrence of proline hydroxylation might determine the structure as well the function of such proteins, the expression of a tomato prolyl 4 hydroxylase, SlP4H3 (Solanum lycopersicum Prolyl 4 Hydroxylase 3) was suppressed in order to investigate the physiological significance of this post-translational modification in tomato abscission. Silencing of SlP4H3 resulted in the delay of abscission progression in overripe tomato fruits 90 days after the breaker stage. The cause of this delay was attributed to the downregulation of the expression of cell wall hydrolases such as SlTAPGs (tomato abscission polygalacturonases) and cellulases as well as expansins. In addition, minor changes were observed in the mRNA levels of two SlAGPs and one extensin. Moreover, structural changes were observed in the silenced SlP4H3AZs. The fracture plane of the AZ was curved and not along a line as in wild type and there was a lack of lignin deposition in the AZs of overripe fruits 30 days after breaker. These results suggest that proline hydroxylation might play a role in the regulation of tomato pedicel abscission.
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Liu C, Zhang C, Fan M, Ma W, Chen M, Cai F, Liu K, Lin F. GmIDL2a and GmIDL4a, Encoding the Inflorescence Deficient in Abscission-Like Protein, Are Involved in Soybean Cell Wall Degradation during Lateral Root Emergence. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2262. [PMID: 30072588 PMCID: PMC6121880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of lateral roots (LRs) of a plant determines the efficiency of water and nutrient uptake. Soybean is a typical taproot crop which is deficient in LRs. The number of LRs is therefore an important agronomic trait in soybean breeding. It is reported that the inflorescence deficient in abscission (IDA) protein plays an important role in the emergence of Arabidopsis LRs. Previously, the genes which encode IDA-like (IDL) proteins have been identified in the soybean genome. However, the functions of these genes in LR development are unknown. Therefore, it is of great value to investigate the function of IDL genes in soybean. In the present study, the functions of two root-specific expressed IDL genes, GmIDL2a and GmIDL4a, are investigated. The expressions of GmIDL2a and GmIDL4a, induced by auxin, are located in the overlaying tissue, where LRs are initiated. Overexpression of GmIDL2a and GmIDL4a increases the LR densities of the primary roots, but not in the elder root. Abnormal cell layer separation has also been observed in GmIDL2a- and GmIDL4a-overexpressing roots. These results suggest that the overlaying tissues of GmIDL2a- and GmIDL4a-overexpressing roots are looser and are suitable for the emergence of the LR primordium. Further investigation shows that the expression of some of the cell wall remodeling (CWR) genes, such as xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases, expansins, and polygalacturonases, are increased when GmIDL2a and GmIDL4a are overexpressed in hairy roots. Here, we conclude that GmIDL2a and GmIDL4a function in LR emergence through regulating soybean CWR gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110086, China.
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110086, China.
| | - Mingxia Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110086, China.
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110086, China.
| | - Meiming Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110086, China.
| | - Fengchun Cai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110086, China.
| | - Kuichen Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110086, China.
| | - Feng Lin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110086, China.
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Kim J, Yang R, Chang C, Park Y, Tucker ML. The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita produces a functional mimic of the Arabidopsis INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION signaling peptide. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3009-3021. [PMID: 29648636 PMCID: PMC5972575 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) is a signaling peptide that regulates cell separation in Arabidopsis including floral organ abscission and lateral root emergence. IDA is highly conserved in dicotyledonous flowering plant genomes. IDA-like sequences were also found in the genomic sequences of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., which are globally deleterious pathogens of agriculturally important plants, but the role of these genes is unknown. Exogenous treatment of the Arabidopsis ida mutant with synthetic peptide identical to the M. incognita IDA-like 1 (MiIDL1) protein sequence minus its N-terminal signal peptide recovered both the abscission and root architecture defects. Constitutive expression of the full-length MiIDL1 open reading frame in the ida mutant substantially recovered the delayed floral organ abscission phenotype whereas transformants expressing a construct missing the MiIDL1 signal peptide retained the delayed abscission phenotype. Importantly, wild-type Arabidopsis plants harboring an MiIDL1-RNAi construct and infected with nematodes had approximately 40% fewer galls per root than control plants. Thus, the MiIDL1 gene produces a functional IDA mimic that appears to play a role in successful gall development on Arabidopsis roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonyup Kim
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Bioscience Research Bldg, University of Maryland, MD, USA
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Department of Horticulture Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ronghui Yang
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Caren Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Bioscience Research Bldg, University of Maryland, MD, USA
| | - Younghoon Park
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Department of Horticulture Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mark L Tucker
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Abscission is a process in plants for shedding unwanted organs such as leaves, flowers, fruits, or floral organs. Shedding of leaves in the fall is the most visually obvious display of abscission in nature. The very shape plants take is forged by the processes of growth and abscission. Mankind manipulates abscission in modern agriculture to do things such as prevent pre-harvest fruit drop prior to mechanical harvesting in orchards. Abscission occurs specifically at abscission zones that are laid down as the organ that will one day abscise is developed. A sophisticated signaling network initiates abscission when it is time to shed the unwanted organ. In this article, we review recent advances in understanding the signaling mechanisms that activate abscission. Physiological advances and roles for hormones in abscission are also addressed. Finally, we discuss current avenues for basic abscission research and potentially lucrative future directions for its application to modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Rahul Patharkar
- Division of Biological Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - John C Walker
- Division of Biological Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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38
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Shi CL, Butenko MA. Visualizing Morphological Changes of Abscission Zone Cells in Arabidopsis by Scanning Electron Microscope. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1744:321-328. [PMID: 29392677 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7672-0_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope which produces detailed images of surface structures. It has been widely used in plants and animals to study cellular structures. Here, we describe a detailed protocol to prepare samples of floral abscission zones (AZs) for SEM, as well as further image analysis. We show that it is a powerful tool to detect morphologic changes at the cellular level during the course of abscission in wild-type plants and to establish the details of phenotypic alteration in abscission mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Shi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Melinka A Butenko
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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40
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Yang H, Xue Q, Zhang Z, Du J, Yu D, Huang F. GmMYB181, a Soybean R2R3-MYB Protein, Increases Branch Number in Transgenic Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1027. [PMID: 30065741 PMCID: PMC6056663 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is an important economic crop that provides abundant oil and high quality protein for human beings. As the process of reproductive growth directly determines the crop seed yield and quality, we initiated studies to identify genes that regulate soybean floral organ development. One R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene, designated as GmMYB181, was found to be enriched in flowers based on microarray analysis and was further functionally investigated in transgenic Arabidopsis. GmMYB181 protein contains two MYB domains, which localized to the nucleus and displayed transcriptional activation in yeast hybrid system. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) results suggested GmMYB181 exclusively expressed in flower tissue. In Arabidopsis, overexpression of GmMYB181 altered the morphology of floral organs, fruit size and plant architecture, including outward curly sepals, smaller siliques, increased lateral branches and reduced plant height, indicating that GmMYB181 is involved in the development of reproductive organs and plays an important role in controlling plant architecture. Further, microarray analysis revealed that overexpressing GmMYB181 in Arabidopsis affected the expression of 3450 genes in mature flowers, including those involved in floral organ, seed/fruit development, and responded to different hormone signals.
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41
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Han T, Dong H, Cui J, Li M, Lin S, Cao J, Huang L. Genomic, Molecular Evolution, and Expression Analysis of Genes Encoding Putative Classical AGPs, Lysine-Rich AGPs, and AG Peptides in Brassica rapa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:397. [PMID: 28424711 PMCID: PMC5372829 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) belong to a class of Pro/Hyp-rich glycoproteins and are some of the most complex types of macromolecules found in plants. In the economically important plant species, Brassica rapa, only chimeric AGPs have been identified to date. This has significantly limited our understanding of the functional roles of AGPs in this plant. In this study, 64 AGPs were identified in the genome of B. rapa, including 33 classical AGPs, 28 AG peptides and three lys-rich AGPs. Syntenic gene analysis between B. rapa and A. thaliana suggested that the whole genome triplication event dominated the expansion of the AGP gene family in B. rapa. This resulted in a high retained proportion of the AGP family in the B. rapa genome, especially in the least fractionated subgenome. Phylogenetic and motif analysis classified the classical AGPs into six clades and three orphan genes, and the AG peptides into three clades and five orphan genes. Classical AGPs has a faster rate of molecular evolution than AG peptides revealed by estimation of molecular evolution rates. However, no significant differences were observed between classical AGPs and lys-rich AGPs. Under control conditions and in response to phytohormones treatment, a complete expression profiling experiment has identified five anther-specific AGPs and quite a number of AGPs responding to abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate and/or gibberellin. In this study, we presented a bioinformatics approach to identify important types of AGPs. Moreover, the association between their function and their protein structure, as well as the evolution and the expression of AGP genes were investigated, which might provide fundamental information for revealing the roles of AGPs in B. rapa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Han
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of AgricultureHangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyHangzhou, China
| | - Heng Dong
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of AgricultureHangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyHangzhou, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of AgricultureHangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyHangzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of AgricultureHangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyHangzhou, China
| | - Sue Lin
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and TechnologyWenzhou, China
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of AgricultureHangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyHangzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of AgricultureHangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyHangzhou, China
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42
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Ying P, Li C, Liu X, Xia R, Zhao M, Li J. Identification and molecular characterization of an IDA-like gene from litchi, LcIDL1, whose ectopic expression promotes floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37135. [PMID: 27845425 PMCID: PMC5109030 DOI: 10.1038/srep37135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Unexpected abscission of flowers or fruits is a major limiting factor for crop productivity. Key genes controlling abscission in plants, especially in popular fruit trees, are largely unknown. Here we identified a litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) IDA-like (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION-like) gene LcIDL1 as a potential key regulator of abscission. LcIDL1 encodes a peptide that shows the closest homology to Arabidopsis IDA, and is localized in cell membrane and cytoplasm. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression level of LcIDL1 accumulated gradually following flower abscission, and it was obviously induced by fruit abscission-promoting treatments. Transgenic plants expressing LcIDL1 in Arabidopsis revealed a role of LcIDL1 similar to IDA in promoting floral organ abscission. Moreover, ectopic expression of LcIDL1 in Arabidopsis activated the expression of abscission-related genes. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that LcIDL1 may act as a key regulator in control of abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Ying
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Caiqin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Minglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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43
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Patharkar OR, Walker JC. Core Mechanisms Regulating Developmentally Timed and Environmentally Triggered Abscission. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:510-20. [PMID: 27468996 PMCID: PMC5074626 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drought-triggered abscission is a strategy used by plants to avoid the full consequences of drought; however, it is poorly understood at the molecular genetic level. Here, we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) can be used to elucidate the pathway controlling drought-triggered leaf shedding. We further show that much of the pathway regulating developmentally timed floral organ abscission is conserved in regulating drought-triggered leaf abscission. Gene expression of HAESA (HAE) and INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) is induced in cauline leaf abscission zones when the leaves become wilted in response to limited water and HAE continues to accumulate in the leaf abscission zones through the abscission process. The genes that encode HAE/HAESA-LIKE2, IDA, NEVERSHED, and MAPK KINASE4 and 5 are all necessary for drought-induced leaf abscission. Our findings offer a molecular mechanism explaining drought-triggered leaf abscission. Furthermore, the ability to study leaf abscission in Arabidopsis opens up a new avenue to tease apart mechanisms involved in abscission that have been difficult to separate from flower development as well as for understanding the mechanistic role of water and turgor pressure in abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Rahul Patharkar
- Division of Biological Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - John C Walker
- Division of Biological Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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44
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Santiago J, Brandt B, Wildhagen M, Hohmann U, Hothorn LA, Butenko MA, Hothorn M. Mechanistic insight into a peptide hormone signaling complex mediating floral organ abscission. eLife 2016; 5:e15075. [PMID: 27058169 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15075.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants constantly renew during their life cycle and thus require to shed senescent and damaged organs. Floral abscission is controlled by the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase (LRR-RK) HAESA and the peptide hormone IDA. It is unknown how expression of IDA in the abscission zone leads to HAESA activation. Here we show that IDA is sensed directly by the HAESA ectodomain. Crystal structures of HAESA in complex with IDA reveal a hormone binding pocket that accommodates an active dodecamer peptide. A central hydroxyproline residue anchors IDA to the receptor. The HAESA co-receptor SERK1, a positive regulator of the floral abscission pathway, allows for high-affinity sensing of the peptide hormone by binding to an Arg-His-Asn motif in IDA. This sequence pattern is conserved among diverse plant peptides, suggesting that plant peptide hormone receptors may share a common ligand binding mode and activation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Santiago
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Brandt
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mari Wildhagen
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrich Hohmann
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ludwig A Hothorn
- Institute of Biostatistics, Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melinka A Butenko
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Hothorn
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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45
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Santiago J, Brandt B, Wildhagen M, Hohmann U, Hothorn LA, Butenko MA, Hothorn M. Mechanistic insight into a peptide hormone signaling complex mediating floral organ abscission. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27058169 PMCID: PMC4848090 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants constantly renew during their life cycle and thus require to shed senescent and damaged organs. Floral abscission is controlled by the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase (LRR-RK) HAESA and the peptide hormone IDA. It is unknown how expression of IDA in the abscission zone leads to HAESA activation. Here we show that IDA is sensed directly by the HAESA ectodomain. Crystal structures of HAESA in complex with IDA reveal a hormone binding pocket that accommodates an active dodecamer peptide. A central hydroxyproline residue anchors IDA to the receptor. The HAESA co-receptor SERK1, a positive regulator of the floral abscission pathway, allows for high-affinity sensing of the peptide hormone by binding to an Arg-His-Asn motif in IDA. This sequence pattern is conserved among diverse plant peptides, suggesting that plant peptide hormone receptors may share a common ligand binding mode and activation mechanism. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15075.001 Plants can shed their leaves, flowers or other organs when they no longer need them. But how does a leaf or a flower know when to let go? A receptor protein called HAESA is found on the surface of the cells that surround a future break point on the plant. When its time to shed an organ, a hormone called IDA instructs HAESA to trigger the shedding process. However, the molecular details of how IDA triggers organ shedding are not clear. The shedding of floral organs (or leaves) can be easily studied in a model plant called Arabidopsis. Santiago et al. used protein biochemistry, structural biology and genetics to uncover how the IDA hormone activates HAESA. The experiments show that IDA binds directly to a canyon shaped pocket in HAESA that extends out from the surface of the cell. IDA binding to HAESA allows another receptor protein called SERK1 to bind to HAESA, which results in the release of signals inside the cell that trigger the shedding of organs. The next step following on from this work is to understand what signals are produced when IDA activates HAESA. Another challenge will be to find out where IDA is produced in the plant and what causes it to accumulate in specific places in preparation for organ shedding. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15075.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Santiago
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Brandt
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mari Wildhagen
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrich Hohmann
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ludwig A Hothorn
- Institute of Biostatistics, Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melinka A Butenko
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Hothorn
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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46
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Li X, Jackson A, Xie M, Wu D, Tsai WC, Zhang S. Proteomic insights into floral biology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:1050-60. [PMID: 26945514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The flower is the most important biological structure for ensuring angiosperms reproductive success. Not only does the flower contain critical reproductive organs, but the wide variation in morphology, color, and scent has evolved to entice specialized pollinators, and arguably mankind in many cases, to ensure the successful propagation of its species. Recent proteomic approaches have identified protein candidates related to these flower traits, which has shed light on a number of previously unknown mechanisms underlying these traits. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in proteomic research in floral biology according to the order of flower structure, from corolla to male and female reproductive organs. It summarizes mainstream proteomic methods for plant research and recent improvements on two dimensional gel electrophoresis and gel-free workflows for both peptide level and protein level analysis. The recent advances in sequencing technologies provide a new paradigm for the ever-increasing genome and transcriptome information on many organisms. It is now possible to integrate genomic and transcriptomic data with proteomic results for large-scale protein characterization, so that a global understanding of the complex molecular networks in flower biology can be readily achieved. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics--a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobai Li
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shiqiao Road 139, Hangzhou 310021, PR China; International Atomic Energy Agency Collaborating Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China.
| | | | - Ming Xie
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shiqiao Road 139, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
| | - Dianxing Wu
- International Atomic Energy Agency Collaborating Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China
| | - Wen-Chieh Tsai
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Cornell University, New York 14853, USA
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47
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Wang GQ, Wei PC, Tan F, Yu M, Zhang XY, Chen QJ, Wang XC. The Transcription Factor AtDOF4.7 Is Involved in Ethylene- and IDA-Mediated Organ Abscission in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:863. [PMID: 27379143 PMCID: PMC4911407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Organ abscission is an important plant developmental process that occurs in response to environmental stress or pathogens. In Arabidopsis, ligand signals, such as ethylene or INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA), can regulate organ abscission. Previously, we reported that overexpression of AtDOF4.7, a transcription factor gene, directly suppresses the expression of the abscission-related gene ARABIDOPSIS DEHISCENCE ZONE POLYGALACTURONASE 2 (ADPG2), resulting in a deficiency of floral organ abscission. However, the relationship between AtDOF4.7 and abscission pathways still needs to be investigated. In this study, we showed that ethylene regulates the expression of AtDOF4.7, and the peptide ligand, IDA negatively regulates AtDOF4.7 at the transcriptional level. Genetic evidence indicates that AtDOF4.7 and IDA are involved in a common pathway, and a MAPK cascade can phosphorylate AtDOF4.7 in vitro. Further in vivo data suggest that AtDOF4.7 protein levels may be regulated by this phosphorylation. Collectively, our results indicate that ethylene regulates AtDOF4.7 that is involved in the IDA-mediated floral organ abscission pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Wei
- Rice Research Institution, AnHui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefei, China
| | - Feng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Man Yu
- Department of Food and Biological Technology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Qi-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xue-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xue-Chen Wang,
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Couzigou JM, Magne K, Mondy S, Cosson V, Clements J, Ratet P. The legume NOOT-BOP-COCH-LIKE genes are conserved regulators of abscission, a major agronomical trait in cultivated crops. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:228-40. [PMID: 26390061 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants are able to lose organs selectively through a process called abscission. This process relies on the differentiation of specialized territories at the junction between organs and the plant body that are called abscission zones (AZ). Several genes control the formation or functioning of these AZ. We have characterized BLADE-ON-PETIOLE (BOP) orthologues from several legume plants and studied their roles in the abscission process using a mutant approach. Here, we show that the Medicago truncatula NODULE ROOT (NOOT), the Pisum sativum COCHLEATA (COCH) and their orthologue in Lotus japonicus are strictly necessary for the abscission of not only petals, but also leaflets, leaves and fruits. We also showed that the expression pattern of the M. truncatula pNOOT::GUS fusion is associated with functional and vestigial AZs when expressed in Arabidopsis. In addition, we show that the stip mutant from Lupinus angustifolius, defective in stipule formation and leaf abscission, is mutated in a BOP orthologue. In conclusion, this study shows that this clade of proteins plays an important conserved role in promoting abscission of all aerial organs studied so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Malo Couzigou
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Kevin Magne
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Samuel Mondy
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Viviane Cosson
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | | | - Pascal Ratet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
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49
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Bergau N, Bennewitz S, Syrowatka F, Hause G, Tissier A. The development of type VI glandular trichomes in the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum and a related wild species S. habrochaites. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:289. [PMID: 26654876 PMCID: PMC4676884 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type VI glandular trichomes represent the most abundant trichome type on leaves and stems of tomato plants and significantly contribute to herbivore resistance, particularly in the wild species. Despite this, their development has been poorly studied so far. The goal of this study is to fill this gap. Using a variety of cell imaging techniques, a detailed record of the anatomy and developmental stages of type VI trichomes in the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and in a related wild species (S. habrochaites) is provided. RESULTS In both species, the development of these structures follows a highly reproducible cell division pattern. The two species differ in the shape of the trichome head which is round in S. habrochaites and like a four-leaf clover in S. lycopersicum, correlating with the presence of a large intercellular cavity in S. habrochaites where the produced metabolites accumulate. In both species, the junction between the intermediate cell and the four glandular cells constitute a breaking point facilitating the decapitation of the trichome and thereby the quick release of the metabolites. A strongly auto-fluorescent compound transiently accumulates in the early stages of development suggesting a potential role in the differentiation process. Finally, immuno-labelling with antibodies recognizing specific cell wall components indicate a key role of pectin and arabinogalactan components in the differentiation of type VI trichomes. CONCLUSIONS Our observations explain the adaptive morphologies of type VI trichomes for metabolite storage and release and provide a framework for further studies of these important metabolic cellular factories. This is required to better exploit their potential, in particular for the breeding of pest resistance in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Bergau
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Stefan Bennewitz
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Frank Syrowatka
- Interdisciplinary Center for Material Sciences, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 4, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Gerd Hause
- Biocenter of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany.
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50
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Stø IM, Orr RJS, Fooyontphanich K, Jin X, Knutsen JMB, Fischer U, Tranbarger TJ, Nordal I, Aalen RB. Conservation of the abscission signaling peptide IDA during Angiosperm evolution: withstanding genome duplications and gain and loss of the receptors HAE/HSL2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:931. [PMID: 26579174 PMCID: PMC4627355 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The peptide INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA), which signals through the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases HAESA (HAE) and HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2), controls different cell separation events in Arabidopsis thaliana. We hypothesize the involvement of this signaling module in abscission processes in other plant species even though they may shed other organs than A. thaliana. As the first step toward testing this hypothesis from an evolutionarily perspective we have identified genes encoding putative orthologs of IDA and its receptors by BLAST searches of publically available protein, nucleotide and genome databases for angiosperms. Genes encoding IDA or IDA-LIKE (IDL) peptides and HSL proteins were found in all investigated species, which were selected as to represent each angiosperm order with available genomic sequences. The 12 amino acids representing the bioactive peptide in A. thaliana have virtually been unchanged throughout the evolution of the angiosperms; however, the number of IDL and HSL genes varies between different orders and species. The phylogenetic analyses suggest that IDA, HSL2, and the related HSL1 gene, were present in the species that gave rise to the angiosperms. HAE has arisen from HSL1 after a genome duplication that took place after the monocot-eudicots split. HSL1 has also independently been duplicated in the monocots, while HSL2 has been lost in gingers (Zingiberales) and grasses (Poales). IDA has been duplicated in eudicots to give rise to functionally divergent IDL peptides. We postulate that the high number of IDL homologs present in the core eudicots is a result of multiple whole genome duplications (WGD). We substantiate the involvement of IDA and HAE/HSL2 homologs in abscission by providing gene expression data of different organ separation events from various species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida M Stø
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
| | - Russell J S Orr
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim Fooyontphanich
- UMR Diversité et Adaptation et Développement des Plantes, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Montpellier, France
| | - Xu Jin
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonfinn M B Knutsen
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
| | - Urs Fischer
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå, Sweden
| | - Timothy J Tranbarger
- UMR Diversité et Adaptation et Développement des Plantes, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Montpellier, France
| | - Inger Nordal
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidunn B Aalen
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
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