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Mehra HS, Wang X, Russell BP, Kulkarni N, Ferrari N, Larson B, Vinyard DJ. Assembly and Repair of Photosystem II in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:811. [PMID: 38592843 PMCID: PMC10975043 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms use Photosystem II (PSII) to oxidize water and reduce plastoquinone. Here, we review the mechanisms by which PSII is assembled and turned over in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This species has been used to make key discoveries in PSII research due to its metabolic flexibility and amenability to genetic approaches. PSII subunits originate from both nuclear and chloroplastic gene products in Chlamydomonas. Nuclear-encoded PSII subunits are transported into the chloroplast and chloroplast-encoded PSII subunits are translated by a coordinated mechanism. Active PSII dimers are built from discrete reaction center complexes in a process facilitated by assembly factors. The phosphorylation of core subunits affects supercomplex formation and localization within the thylakoid network. Proteolysis primarily targets the D1 subunit, which when replaced, allows PSII to be reactivated and completes a repair cycle. While PSII has been extensively studied using Chlamydomonas as a model species, important questions remain about its assembly and repair which are presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David J. Vinyard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (H.S.M.); (X.W.); (B.P.R.); (N.K.); (N.F.); (B.L.)
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2
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Liu D, Luo S, Li Z, Liang G, Guo Y, Xu Y, Chong K. COG3 confers the chilling tolerance to mediate OsFtsH2-D1 module in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2143-2157. [PMID: 38173177 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The chilling stress induced by the global climate change harms rice production, especially at seedling and booting stage, which feed half the population of the world. Although there are key quantitative trait locus genes identified in the individual stage, few genes have been reported and functioned at both stages. Utilizing chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) and a combination of map-based cloning and phenotypes of the mutants and overexpression lines, we identified the major gene Chilling-tolerance in Geng/japonica rice 3 (COG3) of q chilling-tolerance at the booting and seedling stage 11 (qCTBS11) conferred chilling tolerance at both seedling and booting stages. COG3 was significantly upregulated in Nipponbare under chilling treatment compared with its expression in 93-11. The loss-of-function mutants cog3 showed a reduced chilling tolerance. On the contrary, overexpression enhanced chilling tolerance. Genome evolution and genetic analysis suggested that COG3 may have undergone strong selection in temperate japonica during domestication. COG3, a putative calmodulin-binding protein, physically interacted with OsFtsH2 at chloroplast. In cog3-1, OsFtsH2-mediated D1 degradation was impaired under chilling treatment compared with wild-type. Our results suggest that COG3 is necessary for maintaining OsFtsH2 protease activity to regulate chilling tolerance at the booting and seedling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shengtao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guohua Liang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yalong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kang Chong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Lucinski R, Dobrogojski J, Ishikawa T, Adamiec M. The role of EGY2 protease in response to high light stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23243. [PMID: 38190657 DOI: 10.1071/fp23243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the importance of one of the intramembrane proteases, EGY2, for the proper functioning of PSII under short-term high light stress conditions. EGY2 is a chloroplast intramembrane protease of the S2P family, whose absence in Arabidopsis thaliana affects PSII protein composition. The egy2 mutants exhibited a slower degradation of PsbA and decreased content of PsbC and PsbD. During exposure to high light stress, these stoichiometric changes affect the functional state of PSII, leading to its higher sensitivity to photoinhibition of the PSII reaction centre and increased heat dissipation. Furthermore, we explored the relationship between EGY2 and the pTAC16 transcription factor, which is a potential EGY2 substrate. Under light stress, WT plants showed decreased levels of pTAC16, while it remained unchanged in the egy2 mutants. This finding suggests that EGY2 may release pTAC16 from thylakoid membranes through proteolytic cleavage. We also confirmed the physical interaction between EGY2 and pTAC16 using the yeast two-hybrid system, providing evidence of EGY2's involvement in the regulation of PsbA and PsbC/PsbD operons by releasing pTAC16 from the thylakoid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lucinski
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jedrzej Dobrogojski
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Takao Ishikawa
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Adamiec
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Poznan, Poland
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4
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Su J, Jiao Q, Jia T, Hu X. The photosystem-II repair cycle: updates and open questions. PLANTA 2023; 259:20. [PMID: 38091081 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The photosystem-II (PSII) repair cycle is essential for the maintenance of photosynthesis in plants. A number of novel findings have illuminated the regulatory mechanisms of the PSII repair cycle. Photosystem II (PSII) is a large pigment-protein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane. It plays a vital role in photosynthesis by absorbing light energy, splitting water, releasing molecular oxygen, and transferring electrons for plastoquinone reduction. However, PSII, especially the PsbA (D1) core subunit, is highly susceptible to oxidative damage. To prevent irreversible damage, plants have developed a repair cycle. The main objective of the PSII repair cycle is the degradation of photodamaged D1 and insertion of newly synthesized D1 into the PSII complex. While many factors are known to be involved in PSII repair, the exact mechanism is still under investigation. In this review, we discuss the primary steps of PSII repair, focusing on the proteolytic degradation of photodamaged D1 and the factors involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Su
- International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qingsong Jiao
- International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ting Jia
- International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Xueyun Hu
- International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Wang Y, Sun Q, Zhao J, Liu T, Du H, Shan W, Wu K, Xue X, Yang C, Liu J, Chen Z, Hu K, Feng Z, Zuo S. Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qSB12 YSB, a gene conferring major quantitative resistance to rice sheath blight. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:246. [PMID: 37973669 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE qSB12YSB, a major quantitative sheath blight resistance gene originated from rice variety YSBR1 with good breeding potential, was mapped to a 289-Kb region on chromosome 12. Sheath blight (ShB), caused by Rhizoctonia solani kühn, is one of the most serious global rice diseases. Rice resistance to ShB is a typical of quantitative trait controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Many QTLs for ShB resistance have been reported while only few of them were fine-mapped. In this study, we identified a QTL on chromosome 12, in which the qSB12YSB resistant allele shows significant ShB resistance, by using 150 BC4 backcross inbred lines employing the resistant rice variety YSBR1 as the donor and the susceptible variety Lemont (LE) as the recurrent parent. We further fine-mapped qSB12YSB to a 289-kb region by generating 34 chromosomal segment substitution lines and identified a total of 18 annotated genes as the most likely candidates for qSB12YSB after analyzing resequencing and transcriptomic data. KEGG analysis suggested that qSB12YSB might activate secondary metabolites biosynthesis and ROS scavenging system to improve ShB resistance. qSB12YSB conferred significantly stable resistance in three commercial rice cultivars (NJ9108, NJ5055 and NJ44) in field trials when introduced through marker assisted selection. Under severe ShB disease conditions, qSB12YSB significantly reduced yield losses by up to 13.5% in the LE background, indicating its great breeding potential. Our results will accelerate the isolation of qSB12YSB and its utilization in rice breeding programs against ShB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyi Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Taixuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Keting Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Safety and Environment Technology and Equipment for Planting and Breeding Industry Engineering Research Center, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongxiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Keming Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shimin Zuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China/Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Zhang Y, Tian L, Lu C. Chloroplast gene expression: Recent advances and perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100611. [PMID: 37147800 PMCID: PMC10504595 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts evolved from an ancient cyanobacterial endosymbiont more than 1.5 billion years ago. During subsequent coevolution with the nuclear genome, the chloroplast genome has remained independent, albeit strongly reduced, with its own transcriptional machinery and distinct features, such as chloroplast-specific innovations in gene expression and complicated post-transcriptional processing. Light activates the expression of chloroplast genes via mechanisms that optimize photosynthesis, minimize photodamage, and prioritize energy investments. Over the past few years, studies have moved from describing phases of chloroplast gene expression to exploring the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we focus on recent advances and emerging principles that govern chloroplast gene expression in land plants. We discuss engineering of pentatricopeptide repeat proteins and its biotechnological effects on chloroplast RNA research; new techniques for characterizing the molecular mechanisms of chloroplast gene expression; and important aspects of chloroplast gene expression for improving crop yield and stress tolerance. We also discuss biological and mechanistic questions that remain to be answered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Lin Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Congming Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
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Yao G, Zhang H, Leng B, Cao B, Shan J, Yan Z, Guan H, Cheng W, Liu X, Mu C. A large deletion conferring pale green leaves of maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:360. [PMID: 37452313 PMCID: PMC10347855 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The structural basis of chloroplast and the regulation of chloroplast biogenesis remain largely unknown in maize. Gene mutations in these pathways have been linked to the abnormal leaf color phenotype observed in some mutants. Large scale structure variants (SVs) are crucial for genome evolution, but few validated SVs have been reported in maize and little is known about their functions though they are abundant in maize genomes. RESULTS In this research, a spontaneous maize mutant, pale green leaf-shandong (pgl-sd), was studied. Genetic analysis showed that the phenotype of pale green leaf was controlled by a recessive Mendel factor mapped to a 156.8-kb interval on the chromosome 1 delineated by molecular markers gy546 and gy548. There were 7 annotated genes in this interval. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR analysis, SV prediction, and de novo assembly of pgl-sd genome revealed that a 137.8-kb deletion, which was verified by Sanger sequencing, might cause the pgl-sd phenotype. This deletion contained 5 annotated genes, three of which, including Zm00001eb031870, Zm00001eb031890 and Zm00001eb031900, were possibly related to the chloroplast development. Zm00001eb031870, encoding a Degradation of Periplasmic Proteins (Deg) homolog, and Zm00001eb031900, putatively encoding a plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1 component subunit beta (ptPDC-E1-β), might be the major causative genes for the pgl-sd mutant phenotype. Plastid Degs play roles in protecting the vital photosynthetic machinery and ptPDCs provide acetyl-CoA and NADH for fatty acid biosynthesis in plastids, which were different from functions of other isolated maize leaf color associated genes. The other two genes in the deletion were possibly associated with DNA repair and disease resistance, respectively. The pgl-sd mutation decreased contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids by 37.2%, 22.1%, and 59.8%, respectively, and led to abnormal chloroplast. RNA-seq revealed that the transcription of several other genes involved in the structure and function of chloroplast was affected in the mutant. CONCLUSIONS It was identified that a 137.8-kb deletion causes the pgl-sd phenotype. Three genes in this deletion were possibly related to the chloroplast development, which may play roles different from that of other isolated maize leaf color associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Yao
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Bingying Leng
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Bing Cao
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Juan Shan
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhenwei Yan
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Haiying Guan
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China.
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Chunhua Mu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China.
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China.
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8
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Photosynthetic acclimation to changing environments. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:473-486. [PMID: 36892145 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to environments that fluctuate of timescales varying from seconds to months. Leaves that develop in one set of conditions optimise their metabolism to the conditions experienced, in a process called developmental acclimation. However, when plants experience a sustained change in conditions, existing leaves will also acclimate dynamically to the new conditions. Typically this process takes several days. In this review, we discuss this dynamic acclimation process, focussing on the responses of the photosynthetic apparatus to light and temperature. We briefly discuss the principal changes occurring in the chloroplast, before examining what is known, and not known, about the sensing and signalling processes that underlie acclimation, identifying likely regulators of acclimation.
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9
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Research progress on maintaining chloroplast homeostasis under stress conditions: a review. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:173-182. [PMID: 36840466 PMCID: PMC10157539 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
On a global scale, drought, salinity, extreme temperature, and other abiotic stressors severely limit the quality and yield of crops. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the adaptation strategies of plants to harsh environments. Chloroplasts are important environmental sensors in plant cells. For plants to thrive in different habitats, chloroplast homeostasis must be strictly regulated, which is necessary to maintain efficient plant photosynthesis and other metabolic reactions under stressful environments. To maintain normal chloroplast physiology, two important biological processes are needed: the import and degradation of chloroplast proteins. The orderly import of chloroplast proteins and the timely degradation of damaged chloroplast components play a key role in adapting plants to their environment. In this review, we briefly described the mechanism of chloroplast TOC-TIC protein transport. The importance and recent progress of chloroplast protein turnover, retrograde signaling, and chloroplast protein degradation under stress are summarized. Furthermore, the potential of targeted regulation of chloroplast homeostasis is emphasized to improve plant adaptation to environmental stresses.
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10
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Calderon RH, de Vitry C, Wollman FA, Niyogi KK. Rubredoxin 1 promotes the proper folding of D1 and is not required for heme b 559 assembly in Chlamydomonas photosystem II. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102968. [PMID: 36736898 PMCID: PMC9986647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII), the water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase of oxygenic photosynthesis, contains a heme b559 iron whose axial ligands are provided by histidine residues from the α (PsbE) and β (PsbF) subunits. PSII assembly depends on accessory proteins that facilitate the step-wise association of its protein and pigment components into a functional complex, a process that is challenging to study due to the low accumulation of assembly intermediates. Here, we examined the putative role of the iron[1Fe-0S]-containing protein rubredoxin 1 (RBD1) as an assembly factor for cytochrome b559, using the RBD1-lacking 2pac mutant from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, in which the accumulation of PSII was rescued by the inactivation of the thylakoid membrane FtsH protease. To this end, we constructed the double mutant 2pac ftsh1-1, which harbored PSII dimers that sustained its photoautotrophic growth. We purified PSII from the 2pac ftsh1-1 background and found that α and β cytochrome b559 subunits are still present and coordinate heme b559 as in the WT. Interestingly, immunoblot analysis of dark- and low light-grown 2pac ftsh1-1 showed the accumulation of a 23-kDa fragment of the D1 protein, a marker typically associated with structural changes resulting from photodamage of PSII. Its cleavage occurs in the vicinity of a nonheme iron which binds to PSII on its electron acceptor side. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that RBD1 is not required for heme b559 assembly and point to a role for RBD1 in promoting the proper folding of D1, possibly via delivery or reduction of the nonheme iron during PSII assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Calderon
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Catherine de Vitry
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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11
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Cheng J, Zhang K, Li J, Hou Y. Using δF IP as a potential biomarker for risk assessment of environmental pollutants in aquatic ecosystem: A case study of marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7002. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137621. [PMID: 36566796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increased hazardous substances application causes more environmental pollution and risks for human health. Microalgae are the important biological groups in marine ecosystem, and considered to be sensitive to environmental pollutants. Therefore, toxicity test on marine microalgae could provide the most efficient method for aquatic toxicity assessment, and could also be used as the early warning signals in aquatic ecosystem. In view of this, our study aimed at investigating the toxicity potential of two typical organic compounds, and screening out novel photosynthetic indicators for the risk assessment of environmental pollutants. In this study, benzyl alcohol and 2-phenylethanol were chosen as the target organic compounds, and preliminary toxicity mechanism of these organic compounds on marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 was investigated with chlorophyll fluorescence technology. Results showed that PCC7002 could be affected by benzyl alcohol or 2-phenylethanol stress, and the toxicity effect was concentration-dependent. And external benzyl alcohol and 2-phenylethanol stress damaged the oxygen evolving complex, and suppressed electron transport at the donor and receptor sides of photosystem II (PSII), influencing the absorption, transfer, and application of light energy. Furthermore, potential biomarkers were screened by half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) on the basis of pearson correlation coefficient analysis, and fluorescence intensity difference between the I-step and P-step of OJIP curve (δFIP) seems to be the most sensitive indicator for external stress. This study would be of significant interest to the biomarker community, and pave the way for the practical resource for marine pollution monitoring and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Kaidian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jiashun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yuyong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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12
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Gao LL, Hong ZH, Wang Y, Wu GZ. Chloroplast proteostasis: A story of birth, life, and death. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100424. [PMID: 35964157 PMCID: PMC9860172 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is a dynamic balance of protein synthesis and degradation. Because of the endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts and the massive transfer of their genetic information to the nucleus of the host cell, many protein complexes in the chloroplasts are constituted from subunits encoded by both genomes. Hence, the proper function of chloroplasts relies on the coordinated expression of chloroplast- and nucleus-encoded genes. The biogenesis and maintenance of chloroplast proteostasis are dependent on synthesis of chloroplast-encoded proteins, import of nucleus-encoded chloroplast proteins from the cytosol, and clearance of damaged or otherwise undesired "old" proteins. This review focuses on the regulation of chloroplast proteostasis, its interaction with proteostasis of the cytosol, and its retrograde control over nuclear gene expression. We also discuss significant issues and perspectives for future studies and potential applications for improving the photosynthetic performance and stress tolerance of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Gao
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zheng-Hui Hong
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yinsong Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guo-Zhang Wu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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13
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Chloroplasts Protein Quality Control and Turnover: A Multitude of Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147760. [PMID: 35887108 PMCID: PMC9319218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the organelle of photosynthesis and other important metabolic pathways, chloroplasts contain up to 70% of leaf proteins with uniquely complex processes in synthesis, import, assembly, and turnover. Maintaining functional protein homeostasis in chloroplasts is vitally important for the fitness and survival of plants. Research over the past several decades has revealed a multitude of mechanisms that play important roles in chloroplast protein quality control and turnover under normal and stress conditions. These mechanisms include: (i) endosymbiotically-derived proteases and associated proteins that play a vital role in maintaining protein homeostasis inside the chloroplasts, (ii) the ubiquitin-dependent turnover of unimported chloroplast precursor proteins to prevent their accumulation in the cytosol, (iii) chloroplast-associated degradation of the chloroplast outer-membrane translocon proteins for the regulation of chloroplast protein import, (iv) chloroplast unfolded protein response triggered by accumulated unfolded and misfolded proteins inside the chloroplasts, and (v) vesicle-mediated degradation of chloroplast components in the vacuole. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of these diverse mechanisms of chloroplast protein quality control and turnover and discuss important questions that remain to be addressed in order to better understand and improve important chloroplast functions.
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14
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Hoh D, Horn PJ, Kanazawa A, Froehilch J, Cruz J, Tessmer OL, Hall D, Yin L, Benning C, Kramer DM. Genetically-determined variations in photosynthesis indicate roles for specific fatty acid species in chilling responses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1682-1697. [PMID: 35297062 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) cowpea (Vigna unguiculata. L. Walp), we tested for co-linkages between lipid contents and chilling responses of photosynthesis. Under low-temperature conditions (19°C/13°C, day/night), we observed co-linkages between quantitative trait loci intervals for photosynthetic light reactions and specific fatty acids, most strikingly, the thylakoid-specific fatty acid 16:1Δ3trans found exclusively in phosphatidylglycerol (PG 16:1t). By contrast, we did not observe co-associations with bulk polyunsaturated fatty acids or high-melting-point-PG (sum of PG 16:0, PG 18:0 and PG 16:1t) previously thought to be involved in chilling sensitivity. These results suggest that in cowpea, chilling sensitivity is modulated by specific lipid interactions rather than bulk properties. We were able to recapitulate the predicted impact of PG 16:1t levels on photosynthetic responses at low temperature using mutants and transgenic Arabidopsis lines. Because PG 16:1t synthesis requires the activity of peroxiredoxin-Q, which is activated by H2 O2 and known to be involved in redox signalling, we hypothesise that the accumulation of PG 16:1t occurs as a result of upstream effects on photosynthesis that alter redox status and production of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Hoh
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Cell & Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrick J Horn
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Atsuko Kanazawa
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - John Froehilch
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey Cruz
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - David Hall
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Lina Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming in the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Christoph Benning
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - David M Kramer
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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15
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Chakraborty A, Bose R, Bose K. Unraveling the Dichotomy of Enigmatic Serine Protease HtrA2. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:824846. [PMID: 35187085 PMCID: PMC8850690 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.824846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial high-temperature requirement protease A2 (HtrA2) is an integral member of the HtrA family of serine proteases that are evolutionarily conserved from prokaryotes to humans. Involvement in manifold intricate cellular networks and diverse pathophysiological functions make HtrA2 the most enigmatic moonlighting protease amongst the human HtrAs. Despite perpetuating the oligomeric architecture and overall structural fold of its homologs that comprises serine protease and regulatory PDZ domains, subtle conformational alterations and dynamic enzymatic regulation through the distinct allosteric mode of action lead to its functional diversity. This mitochondrial protease upon maturation, exposes its one-of-a-kind N-terminal tetrapeptide (AVPS) motif that binds and subsequently cleaves Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) thus promoting cell death, and posing as an important molecule for therapeutic intervention. Interestingly, unlike its other human counterparts, HtrA2 has also been implicated in maintaining the mitochondrial integrity through a bi-functional chaperone-protease activity, the on-off switch of which is yet to be identified. Furthermore, its ability to activate a wide repertoire of substrates through both its N- and C-terminal regions presumably has calibrated its association with several cellular pathways and hence diseases including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Therefore, the exclusive structural attributes of HtrA2 that involve multimodal activation, intermolecular PDZ-protease crosstalk, and an allosterically-modulated trimeric active-site ensemble have enabled the protease to evolve across species and partake functions that are fine-tuned for maintaining cellular homeostasis and mitochondrial proteome quality control in humans. These unique features along with its multitasking potential make HtrA2 a promising therapeutic target both in cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayon Chakraborty
- Integrated Biophysics and Structural Biology Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Roshnee Bose
- Integrated Biophysics and Structural Biology Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Kakoli Bose
- Integrated Biophysics and Structural Biology Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
- *Correspondence: Kakoli Bose,
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16
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Soltabayeva A, Bekturova A, Kurmanbayeva A, Oshanova D, Nurbekova Z, Srivastava S, Standing D, Sagi M. Ureides are accumulated similarly in response to UV-C irradiation and wounding in Arabidopsis leaves but are remobilized differently during recovery. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1016-1032. [PMID: 34606608 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purine degradation products have been shown to play roles in plant response to stresses such as drought, salinity, extended dark, nitrogen deficiency, and pathogen infection. In this study, we used Arabidopsis wild-type (WT) and an Atxdh1-knockout mutant defective in xanthine dehydrogenase1 (XDH1) to examine the role of degraded purine metabolites in the responses to wounding or UV-C stress applied to the middle leaves of the plant. Wounding or UV-C stress in the mutant resulted in lower fresh-weight, increased senescence symptoms, and increased cell death compared to WT plants. In addition, WT plants exhibited lower levels of oxidative stress indicators, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde in their leaves than the mutant. Notably, transcripts and proteins functioning in the purine degradation pathway were regulated in such a way that it led to enhanced ureide levels in WT leaves 24h after applying the UV-C or wound stress. However, different remobilization of the accumulated ureides was observed after 72h of stress. In plants treated with UV-C, the concentration of allantoin was highest in young leaves, whereas in wounded plants it was lowest in these leaves and instead accumulated mainly in the middle leaves that had been wounded. These results indicated that in WT plants treated with UV-C, ureides were remobilized from the lower older and damaged leaves to support young leaf growth during the recovery period from stress. After wounding, however, whilst some ureides were remobilized to the young leaves, more remained in the wounded middle leaves to function as antioxidants and/or healing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigerim Soltabayeva
- Biology Department, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur Sultan, Z05H0P9, Kazakhstan
| | - Aizat Bekturova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Assylay Kurmanbayeva
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Dinara Oshanova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Dominic Standing
- The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Moshe Sagi
- The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
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17
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Yi L, Liu B, Nixon PJ, Yu J, Chen F. Recent Advances in Understanding the Structural and Functional Evolution of FtsH Proteases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:837528. [PMID: 35463435 PMCID: PMC9020784 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.837528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The FtsH family of proteases are membrane-anchored, ATP-dependent, zinc metalloproteases. They are universally present in prokaryotes and the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells. Most bacteria bear a single ftsH gene that produces hexameric homocomplexes with diverse house-keeping roles. However, in mitochondria, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, multiple FtsH homologs form homo- and heterocomplexes with specialized functions in maintaining photosynthesis and respiration. The diversification of FtsH homologs combined with selective pairing of FtsH isomers is a versatile strategy to enable functional adaptation. In this article we summarize recent progress in understanding the evolution, structure and function of FtsH proteases with a focus on the role of FtsH in photosynthesis and respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanbo Yi
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peter J. Nixon
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Peter J. Nixon, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-1952-6937
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Jianfeng Yu, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-7174-3803
| | - Feng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Feng Chen, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-943X
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18
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Nawrocki WJ, Liu X, Raber B, Hu C, de Vitry C, Bennett DIG, Croce R. Molecular origins of induction and loss of photoinhibition-related energy dissipation q I. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj0055. [PMID: 34936440 PMCID: PMC8694598 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis fuels life on Earth using sunlight as energy source. However, light has a simultaneous detrimental effect on the enzyme triggering photosynthesis and producing oxygen, photosystem II (PSII). Photoinhibition, the light-dependent decrease of PSII activity, results in a major limitation to aquatic and land photosynthesis and occurs upon all environmental stress conditions. In this work, we investigated the molecular origins of photoinhibition focusing on the paradoxical energy dissipation process of unknown nature coinciding with PSII damage. Integrating spectroscopic, biochemical, and computational approaches, we demonstrate that the site of this quenching process is the PSII reaction center. We propose that the formation of quenching and the closure of PSII stem from the same event. We lastly reveal the heterogeneity of PSII upon photoinhibition using structure-function modeling of excitation energy transfer. This work unravels the functional details of the damage-induced energy dissipation at the heart of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech J. Nawrocki
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Corresponding author. (W.J.N.); (R.C.)
| | - Xin Liu
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bailey Raber
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750314, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chen Hu
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Catherine de Vitry
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141, CNRS-Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Doran I. G. Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750314, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Corresponding author. (W.J.N.); (R.C.)
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19
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Zou Y, Bozhkov PV. Chlamydomonas proteases: classification, phylogeny, and molecular mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:7680-7693. [PMID: 34468747 PMCID: PMC8643629 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteases can regulate myriad biochemical pathways by digesting or processing target proteins. While up to 3% of eukaryotic genes encode proteases, only a tiny fraction of proteases are mechanistically understood. Furthermore, most of the current knowledge about proteases is derived from studies of a few model organisms, including Arabidopsis thaliana in the case of plants. Proteases in other plant model systems are largely unexplored territory, limiting our mechanistic comprehension of post-translational regulation in plants and hampering integrated understanding of how proteolysis evolved. We argue that the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has a number of technical and biological advantages for systematic studies of proteases, including reduced complexity of many protease families and ease of cell phenotyping. With this end in view, we share a genome-wide inventory of proteolytic enzymes in Chlamydomonas, compare the protease degradomes of Chlamydomonas and Arabidopsis, and consider the phylogenetic relatedness of Chlamydomonas proteases to major taxonomic groups. Finally, we summarize the current knowledge of the biochemical regulation and physiological roles of proteases in this algal model. We anticipate that our survey will promote and streamline future research on Chlamydomonas proteases, generating new insights into proteolytic mechanisms and the evolution of digestive and limited proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zou
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter V Bozhkov
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Wen X, Yang Z, Ding S, Yang H, Zhang L, Lu C, Lu Q. Analysis of the changes of electron transfer and heterogeneity of photosystem II in Deg1-reduced Arabidopsis plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:159-177. [PMID: 33993381 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Deg1 protease functions in protease and chaperone of PSII complex components, but few works were performed to study the effects of Deg1 on electron transport activities on the donor and acceptor side of PSII and its correlation with the photoprotection of PSII during photoinhibition. Therefore, we performed systematic and comprehensive investigations of electron transfers on the donor and acceptor sides of photosystem II (PSII) in the Deg1-reduced transgenic lines deg1-2 and deg1-4. Both the maximal quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and the actual PSII efficiency (ΦPSII) decreased significantly in the transgenic plants. Increases in nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and the dissipated energy flux per reaction center (DI0/RC) were also shown in the transgenic plants. Along with the decreased D1, CP47, and CP43 content, these results suggested photoinhibition under growth light conditions in transgenic plants. Decreased Deg1 caused inhibition of electron transfer on the PSII reducing side, leading to a decline in the number of QB-reducing centers and accumulation of QB-nonreducing centers. The Tm of the Q band shifted from 5.7 °C in the wild-type plant to 10.4 °C and 14.2 °C in the deg1-2 and deg1-4 plants, respectively, indicating an increase in the stability of S2QA¯ in transgenic plants. PSIIα in the transgenic plants largely reduced, while PSIIβ and PSIIγ increased with the decline in the Deg1 levels in transgenic plants suggesting PSIIα centers gradually converted into PSIIβ and PSIIγ centers in the transgenic plants. Besides, the connectivity of PSIIα and PSIIβ was downregulated in transgenic plants. Our results reveal that downregulation of Deg1 protein levels induced photoinhibition in transgenic plants, leading to loss of PSII activities on both the donor and acceptor sides in transgenic plants. These results give a new insight into the regulation role of Deg1 in PSII electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Wen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhipan Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shunhua Ding
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Congming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Qingtao Lu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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21
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Characterization of the Free and Membrane-Associated Fractions of the Thylakoid Lumen Proteome in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158126. [PMID: 34360890 PMCID: PMC8346976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thylakoid lumen houses proteins that are vital for photosynthetic electron transport, including water-splitting at photosystem (PS) II and shuttling of electrons from cytochrome b6f to PSI. Other lumen proteins maintain photosynthetic activity through biogenesis and turnover of PSII complexes. Although all lumen proteins are soluble, these known details have highlighted interactions of some lumen proteins with thylakoid membranes or thylakoid-intrinsic proteins. Meanwhile, the functional details of most lumen proteins, as well as their distribution between the soluble and membrane-associated lumen fractions, remain unknown. The current study isolated the soluble free lumen (FL) and membrane-associated lumen (MAL) fractions from Arabidopsis thaliana, and used gel- and mass spectrometry-based proteomics methods to analyze the contents of each proteome. These results identified 60 lumenal proteins, and clearly distinguished the difference between the FL and MAL proteomes. The most abundant proteins in the FL fraction were involved in PSII assembly and repair, while the MAL proteome was enriched in proteins that support the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). Novel proteins, including a new PsbP domain-containing isoform, as well as several novel post-translational modifications and N-termini, are reported, and bi-dimensional separation of the lumen proteome identified several protein oligomers in the thylakoid lumen.
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Messant M, Krieger-Liszkay A, Shimakawa G. Dynamic Changes in Protein-Membrane Association for Regulating Photosynthetic Electron Transport. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051216. [PMID: 34065690 PMCID: PMC8155901 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis has to work efficiently in contrasting environments such as in shade and full sun. Rapid changes in light intensity and over-reduction of the photosynthetic electron transport chain cause production of reactive oxygen species, which can potentially damage the photosynthetic apparatus. Thus, to avoid such damage, photosynthetic electron transport is regulated on many levels, including light absorption in antenna, electron transfer reactions in the reaction centers, and consumption of ATP and NADPH in different metabolic pathways. Many regulatory mechanisms involve the movement of protein-pigment complexes within the thylakoid membrane. Furthermore, a certain number of chloroplast proteins exist in different oligomerization states, which temporally associate to the thylakoid membrane and modulate their activity. This review starts by giving a short overview of the lipid composition of the chloroplast membranes, followed by describing supercomplex formation in cyclic electron flow. Protein movements involved in the various mechanisms of non-photochemical quenching, including thermal dissipation, state transitions and the photosystem II damage–repair cycle are detailed. We highlight the importance of changes in the oligomerization state of VIPP and of the plastid terminal oxidase PTOX and discuss the factors that may be responsible for these changes. Photosynthesis-related protein movements and organization states of certain proteins all play a role in acclimation of the photosynthetic organism to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Messant
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ginga Shimakawa
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan;
- Department of Bioscience, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei-Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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Chia MA, Lorenzi AS, Ameh I, Dauda S, Cordeiro-Araújo MK, Agee JT, Okpanachi IY, Adesalu AT. Susceptibility of phytoplankton to the increasing presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the aquatic environment: A review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 234:105809. [PMID: 33780670 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human and veterinary pharmaceuticals either in the form of un-metabolized, incompletely metabolized, and metabolized drugs are increasingly present in aquatic ecosystems. These active pharmaceutical ingredients from pharmaceutical industries, hospitals, agricultural, and domestic discharges find their way into water systems - where they adversely affect non-target organisms like phytoplankton. Different aspects of phytoplankton life; ranging from growth, reproduction, morphology, physiology, biochemical composition, oxidative response, proteomics, and transcriptomics are altered by pharmaceuticals. This review discusses the currently available information on the susceptibility of phytoplankton to the ever-increasing presence of pharmaceutical products in the aquatic environment by focusing on the effect of APIs on the physiology, metabolome, and proteome profiles of phytoplankton. We also highlight gaps in literature concerning the salient underlining biochemical interactions between phytoplankton communities and pharmaceuticals that require an in-depth investigation. This is all in a bid to understand the imminent dangers of the contamination of water bodies with pharmaceutical products and how this process unfavorably affects aquatic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Sturion Lorenzi
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ilu Ameh
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Suleiman Dauda
- Department of Botany, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Botany, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis km 235. Zip Code 13.565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Micheline Kézia Cordeiro-Araújo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, São Dimas, Zip Code 13.418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jerry Tersoo Agee
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Li D, Wang M, Zhang T, Chen X, Li C, Liu Y, Brestic M, Chen THH, Yang X. Glycinebetaine mitigated the photoinhibition of photosystem II at high temperature in transgenic tomato plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 147:301-315. [PMID: 33394352 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII), especially the D1 protein, is highly sensitive to the detrimental impact of heat stress. Photoinhibition always occurs when the rate of photodamage exceeds the rate of D1 protein repair. Here, genetically engineered codA-tomato with the capability to accumulate glycinebetaine (GB) was established. After photoinhibition treatment at high temperature, the transgenic lines displayed more thermotolerance to heat-induced photoinhibition than the control line. GB maintained high expression of LeFtsHs and LeDegs and degraded the damaged D1 protein in time. Meanwhile, the increased transcription of synthesis-related genes accelerated the de novo synthesis of D1 protein. Low ROS accumulation reduced the inhibition of D1 protein translation in the transgenic plants, thereby reducing protein damage. The increased D1 protein content and decreased phosphorylated D1 protein (pD1) in the transgenic plants compared with control plants imply that GB may minimize photodamage and maximize D1 protein stability. As D1 protein exhibits a high turnover, PSII maybe repaired rapidly and efficiently in transgenic plants under photoinhibition treatment at high temperature, with the resultant mitigation of photoinhibition of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxing Li
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Mengwei Wang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tony H H Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
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25
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Shi Y, Che Y, Wang Y, Luan S, Hou X. Loss of mature D1 leads to compromised CP43 assembly in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:106. [PMID: 33610179 PMCID: PMC7896377 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosystem II (PSII) is a highly conserved integral-membrane multi-subunit pigment-protein complex. The proteins, pigments, lipids, and ions in PSII need to be assembled precisely to ensure a proper PSII biogenesis. D1 is the main subunit of PSII core reaction center (RC), and is usually synthesized as a precursor D1. D1 maturation by the C-terminal processing protease CtpA is essential for PSII assembly. However, the detailed mechanism about how D1 maturation affects PSII assembly is not clearly elucidated so far. In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana CtpA mutant (atctpa: SALK_056011), which lacks the D1 mature process, was used to investigate the function of this process on PSII assembly in more details. RESULTS Without the C-terminal processing of precursor D1, PSII assembly, including PSII monomer, dimer, especially PSII supercomplexes (PSII SCs), was largely compromised as reported previously. Western blotting following the BN-2D-SDS PAGE revealed that although the assembly of PSII core proteins D2, CP43 and CP47 was affected by the loss of D1 mature process, the incorporation of CP43 was affected the most, indicated by its most reduced assembly efficiency into PSII SCs. Furthermore, the slower growth of yeast cells which were co-transformed with pD1 and CP43, when compared with the ones co-transformed with mature D1 and CP43, approved the existence of D1 C-terminal tail hindered the interaction efficiency between D1 and CP43, indicating the physiological importance of D1 mature process on the PSII assembly and the healthy growth of the organisms. CONCLUSIONS The knockout Arabidopsis atctpa mutant is a good material to study the unexpected link between D1 maturation and PSII SCs assembly. The loss of D1 maturation mainly affects the incorporation of PSII core protein CP43, an inner antenna binding protein, which functions in the association of LHCII complexes to PSII dimers during the formation of PSII SCs. Our findings here provide detailed supports of the role of D1 maturation during PSII SCs assembly in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yufen Che
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yukun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Guyet U, Nguyen NA, Doré H, Haguait J, Pittera J, Conan M, Ratin M, Corre E, Le Corguillé G, Brillet-Guéguen L, Hoebeke M, Six C, Steglich C, Siegel A, Eveillard D, Partensky F, Garczarek L. Synergic Effects of Temperature and Irradiance on the Physiology of the Marine Synechococcus Strain WH7803. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1707. [PMID: 32793165 PMCID: PMC7393227 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how microorganisms adjust their metabolism to maintain their ability to cope with short-term environmental variations constitutes one of the major current challenges in microbial ecology. Here, the best physiologically characterized marine Synechococcus strain, WH7803, was exposed to modulated light/dark cycles or acclimated to continuous high-light (HL) or low-light (LL), then shifted to various stress conditions, including low (LT) or high temperature (HT), HL and ultraviolet (UV) radiations. Physiological responses were analyzed by measuring time courses of photosystem (PS) II quantum yield, PSII repair rate, pigment ratios and global changes in gene expression. Previously published membrane lipid composition were also used for correlation analyses. These data revealed that cells previously acclimated to HL are better prepared than LL-acclimated cells to sustain an additional light or UV stress, but not a LT stress. Indeed, LT seems to induce a synergic effect with the HL treatment, as previously observed with oxidative stress. While all tested shift conditions induced the downregulation of many photosynthetic genes, notably those encoding PSI, cytochrome b6/f and phycobilisomes, UV stress proved to be more deleterious for PSII than the other treatments, and full recovery of damaged PSII from UV stress seemed to involve the neo-synthesis of a fairly large number of PSII subunits and not just the reassembly of pre-existing subunits after D1 replacement. In contrast, genes involved in glycogen degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways were more particularly upregulated in response to LT. Altogether, these experiments allowed us to identify responses common to all stresses and those more specific to a given stress, thus highlighting genes potentially involved in niche acclimation of a key member of marine ecosystems. Our data also revealed important specific features of the stress responses compared to model freshwater cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulysse Guyet
- CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Ngoc A Nguyen
- CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Hugo Doré
- CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Julie Haguait
- LS2N, UMR CNRS 6004, IMT Atlantique, ECN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Justine Pittera
- CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Maël Conan
- DYLISS (INRIA-IRISA)-INRIA, CNRS UMR 6074, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Morgane Ratin
- CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Erwan Corre
- CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Gildas Le Corguillé
- CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Loraine Brillet-Guéguen
- CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France.,CNRS, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Mark Hoebeke
- CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Christophe Six
- CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | | | - Anne Siegel
- DYLISS (INRIA-IRISA)-INRIA, CNRS UMR 6074, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Damien Eveillard
- LS2N, UMR CNRS 6004, IMT Atlantique, ECN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Frédéric Partensky
- CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Laurence Garczarek
- CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
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Protective Roles of Cytosolic and Plastidal Proteasomes on Abiotic Stress and Pathogen Invasion. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070832. [PMID: 32630761 PMCID: PMC7412383 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein malfunction is typically caused by abiotic stressors. To ensure cell survival during conditions of stress, it is important for plant cells to maintain proteins in their respective functional conformation. Self-compartmentalizing proteases, such as ATP-dependent Clp proteases and proteasomes are designed to act in the crowded cellular environment, and they are responsible for degradation of misfolded or damaged proteins within the cell. During different types of stress conditions, the levels of misfolded or orphaned proteins that are degraded by the 26S proteasome in the cytosol and nucleus and by the Clp proteases in the mitochondria and chloroplasts increase. This allows cells to uphold feedback regulations to cellular-level signals and adjust to altered environmental conditions. In this review, we summarize recent findings on plant proteolytic complexes with respect to their protective functions against abiotic and biotic stressors.
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Adamiec M, Misztal L, Kasprowicz-Maluśki A, Luciński R. EGY3: homologue of S2P protease located in chloroplasts. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:735-743. [PMID: 31886945 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The EGY3 protein is a homologue of site-2 proteases, which are intramembrane zinc metalloproteases. EGY3 itself lacks proteolytic activity due to the absence of a zinc-binding motif. Plentiful evidence indicates that such intramembrane 'pseudoproteases' play significant roles in many diverse processes occurring within the cell. However, the physiological functions of EGY3, as well as its subcellular localization, remain unknown. The subcellular localization of EGY3 protein was investigated using Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts transformed with EGY3-GFP fusion protein, and immunoblot experiments using the total leaf protein extract, as well as highly purified chloroplasts and fractions of stroma, envelope and thylakoid membrane proteins. The physiological role of EGY3 was studied using two A. thaliana mutant lines devoid of EGY3 protein. Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurement was performed and the egy3 mutant sensitivity to photoinhibition was investigated. Additionally, the abundance of thylakoid membrane complexes was established using blue native gel electrophoresis. We present experimental evidence for thylakoid membrane localization of the EGY3 protein. We show that egy3 mutants display increased value of the non-photochemical quenching parameter and significantly slower recovery rate after photoinhibitory treatment. This was associated with a decrease in the level of proteases involved in photosystem II recovery, Deg1 and FtsH2/8.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adamiec
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - L Misztal
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Kasprowicz-Maluśki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - R Luciński
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
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Huang WL, Wu FL, Huang HY, Huang WT, Deng CL, Yang LT, Huang ZR, Chen LS. Excess Copper-Induced Alterations of Protein Profiles and Related Physiological Parameters in Citrus Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E291. [PMID: 32121140 PMCID: PMC7154894 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This present study examined excess copper (Cu) effects on seedling growth, leaf Cu concentration, gas exchange, and protein profiles identified by a two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) based mass spectrometry (MS) approach after Citrus sinensis and Citrus grandis seedlings were treated for six months with 0.5 (control), 200, 300, or 400 μM CuCl2. Forty-one and 37 differentially abundant protein (DAP) spots were identified in Cu-treated C. grandis and C. sinensis leaves, respectively, including some novel DAPs that were not reported in leaves and/or roots. Most of these DAPs were identified only in C. grandis or C. sinensis leaves. More DAPs increased in abundances than DAPs decreased in abundances were observed in Cu-treated C. grandis leaves, but the opposite was true in Cu-treated C. sinensis leaves. Over 50% of DAPs were associated with photosynthesis, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism. Cu-toxicity-induced reduction in leaf CO2 assimilation might be caused by decreased abundances of proteins related to photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) and CO2 assimilation. Cu-effects on PETC were more pronounced in C. sinensis leaves than in C. grandis leaves. DAPs related to antioxidation and detoxification, protein folding and assembly (viz., chaperones and folding catalysts), and signal transduction might be involved in Citrus Cu-toxicity and Cu-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Huang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (W.-L.H.); (F.-L.W.); (H.-Y.H.); (W.-T.H.); (L.-T.Y.)
| | - Feng-Lin Wu
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (W.-L.H.); (F.-L.W.); (H.-Y.H.); (W.-T.H.); (L.-T.Y.)
| | - Hui-Yu Huang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (W.-L.H.); (F.-L.W.); (H.-Y.H.); (W.-T.H.); (L.-T.Y.)
| | - Wei-Tao Huang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (W.-L.H.); (F.-L.W.); (H.-Y.H.); (W.-T.H.); (L.-T.Y.)
| | - Chong-Ling Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Citrus Biology, Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin 541004, China; (C.-L.D.); (Z.-R.H.)
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (W.-L.H.); (F.-L.W.); (H.-Y.H.); (W.-T.H.); (L.-T.Y.)
| | - Zeng-Rong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Citrus Biology, Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin 541004, China; (C.-L.D.); (Z.-R.H.)
| | - Li-Song Chen
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (W.-L.H.); (F.-L.W.); (H.-Y.H.); (W.-T.H.); (L.-T.Y.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- The Higher Education Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Salicylic Acid Protects Photosystem II by Alleviating Photoinhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana under High Light. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041229. [PMID: 32059402 PMCID: PMC7072977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is considered to play an important role in plant responses to environmental stresses. However, the detailed protective mechanisms in photosynthesis are still unclear. We therefore explored the protective roles of SA in photosystem II (PSII) in Arabidopsis thaliana under high light. The results demonstrated that 3 h of high light exposure resulted in a decline in photochemical efficiency and the dissipation of excess excitation energy. However, SA application significantly improved the photosynthetic capacity and the dissipation of excitation energy under high light. Western blot analysis revealed that SA application alleviated the decrease in the levels of D1 and D2 protein and increased the amount of Lhcb5 and PsbS protein under high light. Results from photoinhibition highlighted that SA application could accelerate the repair of D1 protein. Furthermore, the phosphorylated levels of D1 and D2 proteins were significantly increased under high light in the presence of SA. In addition, we found that SA application significantly alleviated the disassembly of PSII-LHCII super complexes and LHCII under high light for 3 h. Overall, our findings demonstrated that SA may efficiently alleviate photoinhibition and improve photoprotection by dissipating excess excitation energy, enhancing the phosphorylation of PSII reaction center proteins, and preventing the disassembly of PSII super complexes.
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31
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Mendoza F, Berry C, Prestigiacomo L, Van Hoewyk D. Proteasome inhibition rapidly exacerbates photoinhibition and impedes recovery during high light stress in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:22. [PMID: 31931713 PMCID: PMC6958727 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteasomes remove regulatory proteins in eukaryotic cells, and control a variety of plant processes. Proteasomes are localized to the cytosol and nuclear, but their role in plant biology has recently been extended to chloroplasts, where it regulates TOC complex. This is turn controls the import of nuclear-encoded chloroplastic proteins, which remodels the chloroplast proteome and facilitates proper developmental transitions. Proteasomal regulation of the TOC complex also alleviates stressors that generate reactive oxygen species. These recent advances motivated us to determine if proteasome inhibition rapidly alters photosynthetic processes stemming from photoinhibition induced by high light. RESULTS The short-term effects of proteasome inhibition on photosystem II during light stress was measured in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which allowed the dual monitoring of both chlorophyll fluorescence and cell viability. After 48 h at low light, proteasome inhibition did not affect viability or photochemistiry, but decreased cell concentration and increased cell volume. Two hours of high light stress impaired the efficiency of photosystem II in proteasome-inhibited cells, as determined by a decrease in Fv/Fm and the electron transport rate. Elevated photoinhibition in proteasome inhibited cells was not caused by a decrease in cell viability or chlorophyll content. Recovery from photoinhibition was attenuated in MG132-treated cells, and suppressed growth of a reestablished culture. Proteasome inhibition decreased de novo protein synthesis, which possibly constrained the ability to remodel the plastid proteome, and thus hampering the ability to adjust to high light stress. CONCLUSION The proteasome is implicated in protecting photosystem II from photoinhibition. In addition to high light stress, other stressors- including metals, drought, and salt- are also known to generate reactive oxygen species localized to the chloroplast. Therefore, proteasome maintenance in plants may help protect photosynthesis during abiotic stress, which could increase crop yield during adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Mendoza
- Coastal Carolina University, 113 Chanticleer Dr, Conway, SC, 29528, USA
| | - Carson Berry
- Coastal Carolina University, 113 Chanticleer Dr, Conway, SC, 29528, USA
| | | | - Doug Van Hoewyk
- Coastal Carolina University, 113 Chanticleer Dr, Conway, SC, 29528, USA.
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Theis J, Lang J, Spaniol B, Ferté S, Niemeyer J, Sommer F, Zimmer D, Venn B, Mehr SF, Mühlhaus T, Wollman FA, Schroda M. The Chlamydomonas deg1c Mutant Accumulates Proteins Involved in High Light Acclimation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:1480-1497. [PMID: 31604811 PMCID: PMC6878023 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of periplasmic proteins (Deg)/high temperature requirement A (HtrA) proteases are ATP-independent Ser endopeptidases that perform key aspects of protein quality control in all domains of life. Here, we characterized Chlamydomonas reinhardtii DEG1C, which together with DEG1A and DEG1B is orthologous to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Deg1 in the thylakoid lumen. We show that DEG1C is localized to the stroma and the periphery of thylakoid membranes. Purified DEG1C exhibited high proteolytic activity against unfolded model substrates and its activity increased with temperature and pH. DEG1C forms monomers, trimers, and hexamers that are in dynamic equilibrium. DEG1C protein levels increased upon nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus starvation; under heat, oxidative, and high light stress; and when Sec-mediated protein translocation was impaired. DEG1C depletion was not associated with any obvious aberrant phenotypes under nonstress conditions, high light exposure, or heat stress. However, quantitative shotgun proteomics revealed differences in the abundance of 307 proteins between a deg1c knock-out mutant and the wild type under nonstress conditions. Among the 115 upregulated proteins are PSII biogenesis factors, FtsH proteases, and proteins normally involved in high light responses, including the carbon dioxide concentrating mechanism, photorespiration, antioxidant defense, and photoprotection. We propose that the lack of DEG1C activity leads to a physiological state of the cells resembling that induced by high light intensities and therefore triggers high light protection responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Theis
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Julia Lang
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benjamin Spaniol
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Suzanne Ferté
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR CNRS/UPMC 7141, Paris, France
| | - Justus Niemeyer
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - David Zimmer
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benedikt Venn
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Shima Farazandeh Mehr
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR CNRS/UPMC 7141, Paris, France
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Gomez FM, Carrión CA, Costa ML, Desel C, Kieselbach T, Funk C, Krupinska K, Guiamet J. Extra-plastidial degradation of chlorophyll and photosystem I in tobacco leaves involving 'senescence-associated vacuoles'. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:465-477. [PMID: 30985038 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) loss is the main visible symptom of senescence in leaves. The initial steps of Chl degradation operate within the chloroplast, but the observation that 'senescence-associated vacuoles' (SAVs) contain Chl raises the question of whether SAVs might also contribute to Chl breakdown. Previous confocal microscope observations (Martínez et al., 2008) showed many SAVs containing Chl. Isolated SAVs contained Chl a and b (with a Chl a/b ratio close to 5) and lower levels of chlorophyllide a. Pheophytin a and pheophorbide a were formed after the incubation of SAVs at 30°C in darkness, suggesting the presence of Chl-degrading activities in SAVs. Chl in SAVs was bound to a number of 'green bands'. In the most abundant green band of SAVs, Western blot analysis showed the presence of photosystem I (PSI) Chl-binding proteins, including the PsaA protein of the PSI reaction center and the apoproteins of the light-harvesting complexes (Lhca 1-4). This was confirmed by: (i) measurements of 77-K fluorescence emission spectra showing a single emission peak at around 730 nm in SAVs; (ii) mass spectrometry of the most prominent green band with the slowest electrophoretic mobility; and (iii) immunofluorescence detection of PsaA in SAVs observed through confocal microscopy. Incubation of SAVs at 30°C in darkness caused a steady decrease in PsaA levels. Overall, these results indicate that SAVs may be involved in the degradation of PSI proteins and their associated chlorophylls during the senescence of leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo M Gomez
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, cc 327, B1904DPS, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cristian A Carrión
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, cc 327, B1904DPS, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María L Costa
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, cc 327, B1904DPS, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Christine Desel
- Botanisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Christiane Funk
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Krupinska
- Botanisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Juan Guiamet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, cc 327, B1904DPS, La Plata, Argentina
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Tamary E, Nevo R, Naveh L, Levin‐Zaidman S, Kiss V, Savidor A, Levin Y, Eyal Y, Reich Z, Adam Z. Chlorophyll catabolism precedes changes in chloroplast structure and proteome during leaf senescence. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00127. [PMID: 31245770 PMCID: PMC6508775 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The earliest visual changes of leaf senescence occur in the chloroplast as chlorophyll is degraded and photosynthesis declines. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of the sequence of catabolic events occurring in chloroplasts during natural leaf senescence is still missing. Here, we combined confocal and electron microscopy together with proteomics and biochemistry to follow structural and molecular changes during Arabidopsis leaf senescence. We observed that initiation of chlorophyll catabolism precedes other breakdown processes. Chloroplast size, stacking of thylakoids, and efficiency of PSII remain stable until late stages of senescence, whereas the number and size of plastoglobules increase. Unlike catabolic enzymes, whose level increase, the level of most proteins decreases during senescence, and chloroplast proteins are overrepresented among these. However, the rate of their disappearance is variable, mostly uncoordinated and independent of their inherent stability during earlier developmental stages. Unexpectedly, degradation of chlorophyll-binding proteins lags behind chlorophyll catabolism. Autophagy and vacuole proteins are retained at relatively high levels, highlighting the role of extra-plastidic degradation processes especially in late stages of senescence. The observation that chlorophyll catabolism precedes all other catabolic events may suggest that this process enables or signals further catabolic processes in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Tamary
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureThe Hebrew UniversityRehovotIsrael
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Leah Naveh
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureThe Hebrew UniversityRehovotIsrael
| | - Smadar Levin‐Zaidman
- Department of Chemical Research SupportWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Vladimir Kiss
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Alon Savidor
- de Botton Institute for Protein ProfilingThe Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized MedicineWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Yishai Levin
- de Botton Institute for Protein ProfilingThe Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized MedicineWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Yoram Eyal
- Institute of Plant SciencesThe Volcani Center ARORishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Zach Adam
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureThe Hebrew UniversityRehovotIsrael
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Kumazaki A, Suzuki N. Enhanced tolerance to a combination of heat stress and drought in Arabidopsis plants deficient in ICS1 is associated with modulation of photosynthetic reaction center proteins. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:232-246. [PMID: 30051471 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to multiple abiotic stresses that simultaneously occur under natural environmental conditions. Studies deciphering acclimation of plants to stress combinations are, however, still scarce. ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 (ICS1) is known as a crucial enzyme required for synthesis of salicylic acid and phylloquinone, one of the components of the photosystem I complex. Although the significance of ICS1 in the regulation of abiotic stress response and pathogen defense in plants has been evidenced in previous studies, the role of this enzyme in the acclimation of plants to stress combinations is still largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated the enhanced tolerance of Arabidopsis salicylic acid induction deficient 2-1(sid2-1) mutant deficient in ICS1 to a combination of heat stress and drought. H2 O2 -dependent stomatal closure and accumulation of total soluble sugars are associated with the enhanced tolerance of sid2-1 plants to this stress combination. In addition, sid2-1 plants showed higher accumulation of reaction center proteins (D1 and D2) in photosystem II accompanied by enhanced expression of transcripts involved in repair of these reaction center proteins. Furthermore, investigation of chlorophyll fluorescence indicated that mechanisms for dissipating the excess energy might be activated in sid2-1 plants specifically under a combination of heat stress and drought. Taken together, our findings suggest that maintenance of photosynthetic apparatus as well as prevention of excess water loss might enhance the tolerance of sid2-1 plants deficient in ICS1 to a combination of heat stress and drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Kumazaki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan
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Liu J, Lu Y, Hua W, Last RL. A New Light on Photosystem II Maintenance in Oxygenic Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:975. [PMID: 31417592 PMCID: PMC6685048 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Life on earth is sustained by oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that converts solar energy, carbon dioxide, and water into chemical energy and biomass. Sunlight is essential for growth and productivity of photosynthetic organisms. However, exposure to an excessive amount of light adversely affects fitness due to photooxidative damage to the photosynthetic machinery, primarily to the reaction center of the oxygen-evolving photosystem II (PSII). Photosynthetic organisms have evolved diverse photoprotective and adaptive strategies to avoid, alleviate, and repair PSII damage caused by high-irradiance or fluctuating light. Rapid and harmless dissipation of excess absorbed light within antenna as heat, which is measured by chlorophyll fluorescence as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), constitutes one of the most efficient protective strategies. In parallel, an elaborate repair system represents another efficient strategy to maintain PSII reaction centers in active states. This article reviews both the reaction center-based strategy for robust repair of photodamaged PSII and the antenna-based strategy for swift control of PSII light-harvesting (NPQ). We discuss evolutionarily and mechanistically diverse strategies used by photosynthetic organisms to maintain PSII function for growth and productivity under static high-irradiance light or fluctuating light environments. Knowledge of mechanisms underlying PSII maintenance would facilitate bioengineering photosynthesis to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability to feed a growing world population amidst climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Functional Genomics and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Jun Liu,
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Functional Genomics and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Wei Hua
| | - Robert L. Last
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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37
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Butenko Y, Lin A, Naveh L, Kupervaser M, Levin Y, Reich Z, Adam Z. Differential Roles of the Thylakoid Lumenal Deg Protease Homologs in Chloroplast Proteostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1065-1080. [PMID: 30237207 PMCID: PMC6236614 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Deg proteases are involved in protein quality control in prokaryotes. Of the three Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) homologs, Deg1, Deg5, and Deg8, located in the thylakoid lumen, Deg1 forms a homohexamer, whereas Deg5 and Deg8 form a heterocomplex. Both Deg1 and Deg5-Deg8 were shown separately to degrade photosynthetic proteins during photoinhibition. To investigate whether Deg1 and Deg5-Deg8 are redundant, a full set of Arabidopsis Deg knockout mutants were generated and their phenotypes were compared. Under all conditions tested, deg1 mutants were affected more than the wild type and deg5 and deg8 mutants. Moreover, overexpression of Deg5-Deg8 could only partially compensate for the loss of Deg1. Comparative proteomics of deg1 mutants revealed moderate up-regulation of thylakoid proteins involved in photoprotection, assembly, repair, and housekeeping and down-regulation of those that form photosynthetic complexes. Quantification of protein levels in the wild type revealed that Deg1 was 2-fold more abundant than Deg5-Deg8. Moreover, recombinant Deg1 displayed higher in vitro proteolytic activity. Affinity enrichment assays revealed that Deg1 was precipitated with very few interacting proteins, whereas Deg5-Deg8 was associated with a number of thylakoid proteins, including D1, OECs, LHCBs, Cyt b 6 f, and NDH subunits, thus implying that Deg5-Deg8 is capable of binding substrates but is unable to degrade them efficiently. This work suggests that differences in protein abundance and proteolytic activity underlie the differential importance of Deg1 and Deg5-Deg8 protease complexes observed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Butenko
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Albina Lin
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Leah Naveh
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Meital Kupervaser
- de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yishai Levin
- de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Zach Adam
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Kato Y, Hyodo K, Sakamoto W. The Photosystem II Repair Cycle Requires FtsH Turnover through the EngA GTPase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:596-611. [PMID: 30131421 PMCID: PMC6181060 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Specific degradation of photodamaged D1, the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center protein, is a crucial step in the PSII repair cycle to maintain photosynthesis activity. Processive proteolysis by the FtsH protease is fundamental to cooperative D1 degradation. Here, we attempted to purify the FtsH complex to elucidate its regulation mechanisms and substrate recognition in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Unlike previously reported prokaryotic and mitochondrial FtsHs, the Arabidopsis chloroplastic FtsH does not appear to form a megacomplex with prohibition-like proteins but instead accumulates as smaller complexes. The copurified fraction was enriched with a partial PSII intermediate presumably undergoing repair, although its precise properties were not fully clarified. In addition, we copurified a bacteria-type GTPase localized in chloroplasts, EngA, and confirmed its interaction with FtsH by subsequent pull-down and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. While the engA mutation is embryo lethal, the transgenic lines overexpressing EngA (EngA-OX) showed leaf variegation reminiscent of the variegated mutant lacking FtsH2. EngA-OX was revealed to accumulate more cleaved D1 fragments and reactive oxygen species than the wild type, indicative of compromised PSII repair. Based on these results and the fact that FtsH becomes more stable in EngA-OX, we propose that EngA negatively regulates FtsH stability. We demonstrate that proper FtsH turnover is crucial for PSII repair in the chloroplasts of Arabidopsis. Consistent with the increased turnover of FtsH under high-light conditions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, our findings underline the rapid turnover of not only D1 but also FtsH proteases in the PSII repair cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kato
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Hyodo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
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Chen W, Wan S, Shen L, Zhou Y, Huang C, Chu P, Guan R. Histological, Physiological, and Comparative Proteomic Analyses Provide Insights into Leaf Rolling in Brassica napus. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1761-1772. [PMID: 29693398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Moderate leaf rolling is important in ideotype breeding, as it improves photosynthetic efficiency and therefore increases crop yields. To understand the regulatory network of leaf rolling in Brassica napus, a down-curved leaf mutant ( Bndcl1) has been investigated. Physiological analyses indicated that the chlorophyll contents and antioxidant enzyme activities were remarkably increased and the photosynthetic performance was significantly improved in Bndcl1. Consistent with these findings, 943 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified in the Bndcl1 mutant and its wild-type plants using iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analyses. Enrichment analysis of proteins with higher abundance in Bndcl1 revealed that the functional category "photosynthesis" was significantly overrepresented. Moreover, proteins associated with oxidative stress response and photosystem II repairing were also up-accumulated in Bndcl1, which might help the mutant to sustain the photosynthetic efficiency under unfavorable conditions. Histological observation showed that the mutant displayed defects in adaxial-abaxial patterning. Important DAPs associated with leaf polarity establishment were detected in Bndcl1, including ribosomal proteins, proteins involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing, and proteins related to brassinosteroid. Together, our findings may help clarify the mechanisms underlying leaf rolling and its physiological effects on plants and may facilitate ideotype breeding in Brassica napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
| | - Shubei Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
| | - Linkui Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
| | - Ying Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
| | - Chengwei Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
| | - Pu Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
| | - Rongzhan Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
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Kojima S, Iwamoto M, Oiki S, Tochigi S, Takahashi H. Thylakoid membranes contain a non-selective channel permeable to small organic molecules. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7777-7785. [PMID: 29602906 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The thylakoid lumen is a membrane-enclosed aqueous compartment. Growing evidence indicates that the thylakoid lumen is not only a sink for protons and inorganic ions translocated during photosynthetic reactions but also a place for metabolic activities, e.g. proteolysis of photodamaged proteins, to sustain efficient photosynthesis. However, the mechanism whereby organic molecules move across the thylakoid membranes to sustain these lumenal activities is not well understood. In a recent study of Cyanophora paradoxa chloroplasts (muroplasts), we fortuitously detected a conspicuous diffusion channel activity in the thylakoid membranes. Here, using proteoliposomes reconstituted with the thylakoid membranes from muroplasts and from two other phylogenetically distinct organisms, cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and spinach, we demonstrated the existence of nonselective channels large enough for enabling permeation of small organic compounds (e.g. carbohydrates and amino acids with Mr < 1500) in the thylakoid membranes. Moreover, we purified, identified, and characterized a muroplast channel named here CpTPOR. Osmotic swelling experiments revealed that CpTPOR forms a nonselective pore with an estimated radius of ∼1.3 nm. A lipid bilayer experiment showed variable-conductance channel activity with a typical single-channel conductance of 1.8 nS in 1 m KCl with infrequent closing transitions. The CpTPOR amino acid sequence was moderately similar to that of a voltage-dependent anion-selective channel of the mitochondrial outer membrane, although CpTPOR exhibited no obvious selectivity for anions and no voltage-dependent gating. We propose that transmembrane diffusion pathways are ubiquitous in the thylakoid membranes, presumably enabling rapid transfer of various metabolites between the lumen and stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Kojima
- From the Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, .,the Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and
| | - Masayuki Iwamoto
- the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Oiki
- the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Saeko Tochigi
- From the Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.,the Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- the Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and
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Knopf RR, Adam Z. Lumenal exposed regions of the D1 protein of PSII are long enough to be degraded by the chloroplast Deg1 protease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5230. [PMID: 29588501 PMCID: PMC5869739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of the D1 protein of photosystem II (PSII) reaction center is a pre-requisite for the repair cycle from photoinhibition. Two types of thylakoid proteases, FtsH and Deg, have been demonstrated to participate in this process. However, the location of the proteolytic sites of the lumenal Deg1 protease within its internal sphere raised the question whether the lumenal-exposed regions of D1 are indeed long enough to reach these sites. Implanting these regions into the stable GFP rendered it sensitive to the presence of Deg1 in vitro, demonstrating that the flexible regions of D1 that protrude into the lumen can penetrate through the three side-openings of Deg1 and reach its internal proteolytic sites. This mode of action, facilitating cooperation between proteases on both sides of the thylakoid membranes, should be applicable to the degradation of other integral thylakoid membrane proteins as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Rimon Knopf
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.,Evogene Ltd., Rehovot, 76120, Israel
| | - Zach Adam
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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Abstract
Increases in ambient temperatures have been a severe threat to crop production in many countries around the world under climate change. Chloroplasts serve as metabolic centers and play a key role in physiological adaptive processes to heat stress. In addition to expressing heat shock proteins that protect proteins from heat-induced damage, metabolic reprogramming occurs during adaptive physiological processes in chloroplasts. Heat stress leads to inhibition of plant photosynthetic activity by damaging key components functioning in a variety of metabolic processes, with concomitant reductions in biomass production and crop yield. In this review article, we will focus on events through extensive and transient metabolic reprogramming in response to heat stress, which included chlorophyll breakdown, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant defense, protein turnover, and metabolic alterations with carbon assimilation. Such diverse metabolic reprogramming in chloroplasts is required for systemic acquired acclimation to heat stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Long Wang
- The National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Juan-Hua Chen
- The National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ning-Yu He
- The National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Fang-Qing Guo
- The National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Zhan J, Wang Q. Photoresponse Mechanism in Cyanobacteria: Key Factor in Photoautotrophic Chassis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1080:75-96. [PMID: 30091092 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0854-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As the oldest oxygenic photoautotrophic prokaryotes, cyanobacteria have outstanding advantages as the chassis cell in the research field of synthetic biology. Cognition of photosynthetic mechanism, including the photoresponse mechanism under high-light (HL) conditions, is important for optimization of the cyanobacteria photoautotrophic chassis for synthesizing biomaterials as "microbial cell factories." Cyanobacteria are well-established model organisms for the study of oxygenic photosynthesis and have evolved various acclimatory responses to HL conditions to protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photodamage. Here, we reviewed the latest progress in the mechanism of HL acclimation in cyanobacteria. The subsequent acclimatory responses and the corresponding molecular mechanisms are included: (1) acclimatory responses of PSII and PSI; (2) the degradation of phycobilisome; (3) induction of the photoprotective mechanisms such as state transitions, OCP-dependent non-photochemical quenching, and the induction of HLIP family; and (4) the regulation mechanisms of the gene expression under HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Kato Y, Sakamoto W. FtsH Protease in the Thylakoid Membrane: Physiological Functions and the Regulation of Protease Activity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:855. [PMID: 29973948 PMCID: PMC6019477 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis in the thylakoid membranes is dependent on protein quality control mechanisms, which are necessary to remove photodamaged and misfolded proteins. An ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease, FtsH, is the major thylakoid membrane protease. FtsH proteases in the thylakoid membranes of Arabidopsis thaliana form a hetero-hexameric complex consisting of four FtsH subunits, which are divided into two types: type A (FtsH1 and FtsH5) and type B (FtsH2 and FtsH8). An increasing number of studies have identified the critical roles of FtsH in the biogenesis of thylakoid membranes and quality control in the photosystem II repair cycle. Furthermore, the involvement of FtsH proteolysis in a singlet oxygen- and EXECUTER1-dependent retrograde signaling mechanism has been suggested recently. FtsH is also involved in the degradation and assembly of several protein complexes in the photosynthetic electron-transport pathways. In this minireview, we provide an update on the functions of FtsH in thylakoid biogenesis and describe our current understanding of the D1 degradation processes in the photosystem II repair cycle. We also discuss the regulation mechanisms of FtsH protease activity, which suggest the flexible oligomerization capability of FtsH in the chloroplasts of seed plants.
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Moreno JC, Tiller N, Diez M, Karcher D, Tillich M, Schöttler MA, Bock R. Generation and characterization of a collection of knock-down lines for the chloroplast Clp protease complex in tobacco. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2199-2218. [PMID: 28369470 PMCID: PMC5447895 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein degradation in chloroplasts is carried out by a set of proteases that eliminate misfolded, damaged, or superfluous proteins. The ATP-dependent caseinolytic protease (Clp) is the most complex protease in plastids and has been implicated mainly in stromal protein degradation. In contrast, FtsH, a thylakoid membrane-associated metalloprotease, is believed to participate mainly in the degradation of thylakoidal proteins. To determine the role of specific Clp and FtsH subunits in plant growth and development, RNAi lines targeting at least one subunit of each Clp ring and FtsH were generated in tobacco. In addition, mutation of the translation initiation codon was employed to down-regulate expression of the plastid-encoded ClpP1 subunit. These protease lines cover a broad range of reductions at the transcript and protein levels of the targeted genes. A wide spectrum of phenotypes was obtained, including pigment deficiency, alterations in leaf development, leaf variegations, and impaired photosynthesis. When knock-down lines for the different protease subunits were compared, both common and specific phenotypes were observed, suggesting distinct functions of at least some subunits. Our work provides a well-characterized collection of knock-down lines for plastid proteases in tobacco and reveals the importance of the Clp protease in physiology and plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Moreno
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nadine Tiller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mercedes Diez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Daniel Karcher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Michael Tillich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark A Schöttler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Wang F, Qi Y, Malnoë A, Choquet Y, Wollman FA, de Vitry C. The High Light Response and Redox Control of Thylakoid FtsH Protease in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:99-114. [PMID: 27702692 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the major protease involved in the maintenance of photosynthetic machinery in thylakoid membranes, the FtsH protease, mostly forms large hetero-oligomers (∼1 MDa) comprising FtsH1 and FtsH2 subunits, whatever the light intensity for growth. Upon high light exposure, the FtsH subunits display a shorter half-life, which is counterbalanced by an increase in FTSH1/2 mRNA levels, resulting in the modest upregulation of FtsH1/2 proteins. Furthermore, we found that high light increases the protease activity through a hitherto unnoticed redox-controlled reduction of intermolecular disulfide bridges. We isolated a Chlamydomonas FTSH1 promoter-deficient mutant, ftsh1-3, resulting from the insertion of a TOC1 transposon, in which the high light-induced upregulation of FTSH1 gene expression is largely lost. In ftsh1-3, the abundance of FtsH1 and FtsH2 proteins are loosely coupled (decreased by 70% and 30%, respectively) with no formation of large and stable homo-oligomers. Using strains exhibiting different accumulation levels of the FtsH1 subunit after complementation of ftsh1-3, we demonstrate that high light tolerance is tightly correlated with the abundance of the FtsH protease. Thus, the response of Chlamydomonas to light stress involves higher levels of FtsH1/2 subunits associated into large complexes with increased proteolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Yafei Qi
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Alizée Malnoë
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Yves Choquet
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Catherine de Vitry
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France.
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Nishimura K, Kato Y, Sakamoto W. Essentials of Proteolytic Machineries in Chloroplasts. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:4-19. [PMID: 27585878 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plastids are unique organelles that can alter their structure and function in response to environmental and developmental stimuli. Chloroplasts are one type of plastid and are the sites for various metabolic processes, including photosynthesis. For optimal photosynthetic activity, the chloroplast proteome must be properly shaped and maintained through regulated proteolysis and protein quality control mechanisms. Enzymatic functions and activities are conferred by protein maturation processes involving consecutive proteolytic reactions. Protein abundances are optimized by the balanced protein synthesis and degradation, which is depending on the metabolic status. Malfunctioning proteins are promptly degraded. Twenty chloroplast proteolytic machineries have been characterized to date. Specifically, processing peptidases and energy-driven processive proteases are the major players in chloroplast proteome biogenesis, remodeling, and maintenance. Recently identified putative proteases are potential regulators of photosynthetic functions. Here we provide an updated, comprehensive overview of chloroplast protein degradation machineries and discuss their importance for photosynthesis. Wherever possible, we also provide structural insights into chloroplast proteases that implement regulated proteolysis of substrate proteins/peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nishimura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kato
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
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48
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Yan Q, Gao X, Guo JS, Zhu ZW, Feng GZ. Insights into the molecular mechanism of the responses for Cyperus alternifolius to PhACs stress in constructed wetlands. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:278-289. [PMID: 27592317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyperus alternifolius has been widely reported to be an effective phytoremediation plant in constructed wetland systems (CWs). In this context, an integrated biochemical and proteomic analysis of C. alternifolius leaves exposed to pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in CWs was conducted to understand the mechanism of phytoremediation. The obtained results showed the antioxidant enzyme activities were induced throughout the experiment; however over time, the malondialdehyde content is not significantly different from the control and the photosynthetic pigment contents in plant were subsequently slowly recovered. Therefore, we concluded that reactive oxygen species could be effectively counteracted by the enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, and therefore the photosynthetic pigments were ultimately restored. Leaf extract proteome maps were obtained through 2-DE, and an average of 55, 49, and 24 spots were significantly altered by 30, 100, and 500 μg/L of PhACs over the control, respectively. Protein expression patterns showed that proteins in C. alternifolius leaves are associated with photosynthesis, energy metabolism, defense, and protein synthesis. Moreover, the most relevant pathways modulated by PhACs were photosynthesis and energy metabolism. The protein expression involved in antioxidant defense and stress response generally increased in all the PhAC treatments. The regulated proteins may favor PhAC degradation in CWs; however, the role of these proteins in degrading PhACs remains unknown; further biochemical studies should be conducted. This study indicated that C. alternifolius can tolerate multiple PhACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yan
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Xu Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco -Environments of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jin-Song Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco -Environments of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Feng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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49
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Fesenko I, Seredina A, Arapidi G, Ptushenko V, Urban A, Butenko I, Kovalchuk S, Babalyan K, Knyazev A, Khazigaleeva R, Pushkova E, Anikanov N, Ivanov V, Govorun VM. The Physcomitrella patens Chloroplast Proteome Changes in Response to Protoplastation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1661. [PMID: 27867392 PMCID: PMC5095126 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant protoplasts are widely used for genetic manipulation and functional studies in transient expression systems. However, little is known about the molecular pathways involved in a cell response to the combined stress factors resulted from protoplast generation. Plants often face more than one type of stress at a time, and how plants respond to combined stress factors is therefore of great interest. Here, we used protoplasts of the moss Physcomitrella patens as a model to study the effects of short-term stress on the chloroplast proteome. Using label-free comparative quantitative proteomic analysis (SWATH-MS), we quantified 479 chloroplast proteins, 219 of which showed a more than 1.4-fold change in abundance in protoplasts. We additionally quantified 1451 chloroplast proteins using emPAI. We observed degradation of a significant portion of the chloroplast proteome following the first hour of stress imposed by the protoplast isolation process. Electron-transport chain (ETC) components underwent the heaviest degradation, resulting in the decline of photosynthetic activity. We also compared the proteome changes to those in the transcriptional level of nuclear-encoded chloroplast genes. Globally, the levels of the quantified proteins and their corresponding mRNAs showed limited correlation. Genes involved in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and components of the outer chloroplast membrane showed decreases in both transcript and protein abundance. However, proteins like dehydroascorbate reductase 1 and 2-cys peroxiredoxin B responsible for ROS detoxification increased in abundance. Further, genes such as thylakoid ascorbate peroxidase were induced at the transcriptional level but down-regulated at the proteomic level. Together, our results demonstrate that the initial chloroplast reaction to stress is due changes at the proteomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Fesenko
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Anna Seredina
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Georgij Arapidi
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Vasily Ptushenko
- Department of Bioenergetics, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
- Department of Biocatalysis, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly Urban
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Butenko
- Laboratory of the Proteomic Analysis, Research Institute for Physico-Chemical MedicineMoscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Kovalchuk
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Babalyan
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Knyazev
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Regina Khazigaleeva
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Elena Pushkova
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai Anikanov
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Ivanov
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Vadim M. Govorun
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
- Laboratory of the Proteomic Analysis, Research Institute for Physico-Chemical MedicineMoscow, Russia
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50
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Theis J, Schroda M. Revisiting the photosystem II repair cycle. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1218587. [PMID: 27494214 PMCID: PMC5058467 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1218587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability of photosystem (PS) II to catalyze the light-driven oxidation of water comes along with its vulnerability to oxidative damage, in particular of the D1 core subunit. Photodamaged PSII undergoes repair in a multi-step process involving (i) reversible phosphorylation of PSII core subunits; (ii) monomerization and lateral migration of the PSII core from grana to stroma thylakoids; (iii) partial disassembly of PSII; (iv) proteolytic degradation of damaged D1; (v) replacement of damaged D1 protein with a new copy; (vi) reassembly of PSII monomers and migration back to grana thylakoids for dimerization and supercomplex assembly. Here we review the current knowledge on the PSII repair cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Theis
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
- CONTACT Michael Schroda Molekulare Biotechnologie & Systembiologie, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 70, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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