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Nawae W, Sangsrakru D, Yoocha T, Pinsupa S, Phetchawang P, Bua-Art S, Chusri O, Tangphatsornruang S, Pootakham W. Differences in transcriptomic responses upon Phytophthora palmivora infection among cultivars reveal potential underlying resistant mechanisms in durian. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:878. [PMID: 39358741 PMCID: PMC11448271 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytophthora palmivora is a devastating oomycete pathogen in durian, one of the most economically important crops in Southeast Asia. The use of fungicides in Phytophthora management may not be a long-term solution because of emerging chemical resistance issues. It is crucial to develop Phytophthora-resistant durian cultivars, and information regarding the underlying resistance mechanisms is valuable for smart breeding programs. RESULTS In this study, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate early gene expression responses (at 8, 24, and 48 h) after the P. palmivora infection in three durian cultivars, which included one resistant cultivar (Puangmanee; PM) and two susceptible cultivars (Monthong; MT and Kradumthong; KD). We performed co-expression and differential gene expression analyses to capture gene expression patterns and identify the differentially expressed genes. The results showed that genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs) were upregulated in all infected durians. The expression levels of genes encoding HSPs, such as ERdj3B, were high only in infected PM. A higher level of P. palmivora resistance in PM appeared to be associated with higher expression levels of various genes encoding defense and chitin response proteins, such as lysM domain receptor-like kinases. MT had a lower resistance level than PM, although it possessed more upregulated genes during P. palmivora infection. Many photosynthetic and defense genes were upregulated in the infected MT, although their expression levels were lower than those in the infected PM. KD, the least resistant cultivar, showed downregulation of genes involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis during P. palmivora infection. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the three durian cultivars exhibited significantly different gene expression patterns in response to P. palmivora infection. The upregulation of genes encoding HSPs was common in all studied durians. The high expression of genes encoding chitin response proteins likely contributed to P. palmivora resistance in durians. Durian susceptibility was associated with low basal expression of defense genes and downregulation of several cell wall-related genes. These findings enhance our understanding of durian resistance to Phytophthora infection and could be useful for the development of elite durian cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanapinun Nawae
- National Omics Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Duangjai Sangsrakru
- National Omics Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Thippawan Yoocha
- National Omics Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Suparat Pinsupa
- National Omics Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Phakamas Phetchawang
- National Omics Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sureeporn Bua-Art
- Department of Agriculture, Plant Pathology Research Group Plant Protection Research and Development Office, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orwintinee Chusri
- Chanthaburi Horticultural Research Center, Khlung, Chanthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- National Omics Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wirulda Pootakham
- National Omics Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
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2
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Chancellor T, Smith DP, Chen W, Clark SJ, Venter E, Halsey K, Carrera E, McMillan V, Canning G, Armer VJ, Hammond-Kosack KE, Palma-Guerrero J. A fungal endophyte induces local cell wall-mediated resistance in wheat roots against take-all disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1444271. [PMID: 39359634 PMCID: PMC11444982 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1444271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Take-all disease, caused by the Ascomycete fungus Gaeumannomyces tritici, is one of the most important root diseases of wheat worldwide. The fungus invades the roots and destroys the vascular tissue, hindering the uptake of water and nutrients. Closely related non-pathogenic species in the Magnaporthaceae family, such as Gaeumannomyces hyphopodioides, occur naturally in arable and grassland soils and have previously been reported to reduce take-all disease in field studies. However, the mechanism of take-all protection has remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that take-all control is achieved via local but not systemic host changes in response to prior G. hyphopodioides root colonisation. A time-course wheat RNA sequencing analysis revealed extensive transcriptional reprogramming in G. hyphopodioides-colonised tissues, characterised by a striking downregulation of key cell wall-related genes, including genes encoding cellulose synthases (CESA), and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTH). In addition, we characterise the root infection biologies of G. tritici and G. hyphopodioides in wheat. We investigate the ultrastructure of previously described "subepidermal vesicles" (SEVs), dark swollen fungal cells produced in wheat roots by non-pathogenic G. hyphopodioides, but not by pathogenic G. tritici. We show that G. hyphopodioides SEVs share key characteristics of fungal resting structures, containing a greater number of putative lipid bodies and a significantly thickened cell wall compared to infection hyphae. We hypothesise that SEVs are fungal resting structures formed due to halted hyphal growth in the root cortex, perhaps as a stress response to locally induced wheat defence responses. In the absence of take-all resistant wheat cultivars or non-virulent G. tritici strains, studying closely related non-pathogenic G. hyphopodioides provides a much needed avenue to elucidate take-all resistance mechanisms in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Chancellor
- Rothamsted Research, Strategic Areas: Protecting Crops and the Environment, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel P. Smith
- Rothamsted Research, Strategic Areas: Protecting Crops and the Environment, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Wanxin Chen
- Rothamsted Research, Strategic Areas: Protecting Crops and the Environment, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne J. Clark
- Rothamsted Research, Strategic Areas: Protecting Crops and the Environment, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Eudri Venter
- Rothamsted Research, Strategic Areas: Protecting Crops and the Environment, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Kirstie Halsey
- Rothamsted Research, Strategic Areas: Protecting Crops and the Environment, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Carrera
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanessa McMillan
- Rothamsted Research, Strategic Areas: Protecting Crops and the Environment, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Canning
- Rothamsted Research, Strategic Areas: Protecting Crops and the Environment, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria J. Armer
- Rothamsted Research, Strategic Areas: Protecting Crops and the Environment, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Kim E. Hammond-Kosack
- Rothamsted Research, Strategic Areas: Protecting Crops and the Environment, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Palma-Guerrero
- Rothamsted Research, Strategic Areas: Protecting Crops and the Environment, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, United Kingdom
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3
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Zhong R, Zhou D, Chen L, Rose JP, Wang BC, Ye ZH. Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharide O-Acetyltransferases. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2304. [PMID: 39204739 PMCID: PMC11360243 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are largely composed of polysaccharide polymers, including cellulose, hemicelluloses (xyloglucan, xylan, mannan, and mixed-linkage β-1,3/1,4-glucan), and pectins. Among these cell wall polysaccharides, xyloglucan, xylan, mannan, and pectins are often O-acetylated, and polysaccharide O-acetylation plays important roles in cell wall assembly and disease resistance. Genetic and biochemical analyses have implicated the involvement of three groups of proteins in plant cell wall polysaccharide O-acetylation: trichome birefringence-like (TBL)/domain of unknown function 231 (DUF231), reduced wall acetylation (RWA), and altered xyloglucan 9 (AXY9). Although the exact roles of RWAs and AXY9 are yet to be identified, members of the TBL/DUF231 family have been found to be O-acetyltransferases responsible for the O-acetylation of xyloglucan, xylan, mannan, and pectins. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the occurrence of O-acetylated cell wall polysaccharides, the biochemical properties, structural features, and evolution of cell wall polysaccharide O-acetyltransferases, and the potential biotechnological applications of manipulations of cell wall polysaccharide acetylation. Further in-depth studies of the biochemical mechanisms of cell wall polysaccharide O-acetylation will not only enrich our understanding of cell wall biology, but also have important implications in engineering plants with increased disease resistance and reduced recalcitrance for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Zhong
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Dayong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lirong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - John P. Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Bi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zheng-Hua Ye
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Li R, Cui L, Martina M, Bracuto V, Meijer-Dekens F, Wolters AMA, Moglia A, Bai Y, Acquadro A. Less is more: CRISPR/Cas9-based mutations in DND1 gene enhance tomato resistance to powdery mildew with low fitness costs. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:763. [PMID: 39123110 PMCID: PMC11316316 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM), triggered by Oidium neolycopersici, represents a significant threat and a major concern for the productivity of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The presence of susceptibility (S) genes in plants facilitates pathogen proliferation and their dysfunction can lead to a recessively inherited broad-spectrum and durable type of resistance. Past studies have demonstrated that disrupting the function of DND1 (Defense No Death 1) increases plant resilience against various pathogens, such as powdery mildew (PM), but this comes at the cost of negatively affecting the overall health and vigor of the plant. To investigate the possibility of minimizing the adverse effects of the dnd1 mutation while boosting disease resistance, a CRISPR-Cas9 construct with four single guide RNAs targeting three exons of SlDND1 (Solyc02g088560.4.1) was designed and introduced into the tomato variety Moneymaker (MM) through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Three T1 lines (named E1, E3 and E4) were crossed with MM and then selfed to produce TF2 families. All the TF2 plants in homozygous state dnd1/dnd1, showed reduced PM symptoms compared to the heterozygous (DND1/dnd1) and wild type (DND1/DND1) ones. Two full knock-out (KO) mutant events (E1 and E4) encoding truncated DND1 proteins, exhibited clear dwarfness and auto-necrosis phenotypes, while mutant event E3 harbouring deletions of 3 amino acids, showed normal growth in height with less auto-necrotic spots. Analysis of the 3D structures of both the reference and the mutant proteins revealed significant conformational alterations in the protein derived from E3, potentially impacting its function. A dnd1/dnd1 TF2 line (TV181848-9, E3) underwent whole-genome sequencing using Illumina technology, which confirmed the absence of off-target mutations in selected genomic areas. Additionally, no traces of the Cas9 gene were detected, indicating its elimination through segregation. Our findings confirm the role of DND1 as an S-gene in tomato because impairment of this gene leads to a notable reduction in susceptibility to O. neolycopersici. Moreover, we provide, for the first time, a dnd1 mutant allele (E3) that exhibits fitness advantages in comparison with previously reported dnd1 mutant alleles, indicating a possible way to breed with dnd1 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Li
- Plant Genetics and Breeding, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science (DISAFA), University of Torino, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - Lei Cui
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Matteo Martina
- Plant Genetics and Breeding, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science (DISAFA), University of Torino, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - Valentina Bracuto
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Fien Meijer-Dekens
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie A Wolters
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Moglia
- Plant Genetics and Breeding, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science (DISAFA), University of Torino, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - Yuling Bai
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
| | - Alberto Acquadro
- Plant Genetics and Breeding, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science (DISAFA), University of Torino, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy.
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5
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Desaint H, Gigli A, Belny A, Cassan-Wang H, Martinez Y, Vailleau F, Mounet F, Vernhettes S, Berthomé R, Marchetti M. Reshaping the Primary Cell Wall: Dual Effects on Plant Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum and Heat Stress Response. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:619-634. [PMID: 38904979 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-24-0059-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Temperature elevation drastically affects plant defense responses to Ralstonia solanacearum and inhibits the major source of resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana, which is mediated by the receptor pair RRS1-R/RPS4. In this study, we refined a previous genome-wide association (GWA) mapping analysis by using a local score approach and detected the primary cell wall CESA3 gene as a major gene involved in plant response to R. solanacearum at both 27°C and an elevated temperature, 30°C. We functionally validated CESA3 as a susceptibility gene involved in resistance to R. solanacearum at both 27 and 30°C through a reverse genetic approach. We provide evidence that the cesa3mre1 mutant enhances resistance to bacterial disease and that resistance is associated with an alteration of root cell morphology conserved at elevated temperatures. However, even by forcing the entry of the bacterium to bypass the primary cell wall barrier, the cesa3mre1 mutant still showed enhanced resistance to R. solanacearum with delayed onset of bacterial wilt symptoms. We demonstrated that the cesa3mre1 mutant had constitutive expression of the defense-related gene VSP1, which is upregulated at elevated temperatures, and that during infection, its expression level is maintained higher than in the wild-type Col-0. In conclusion, this study reveals that alteration of the primary cell wall by mutating the cellulose synthase subunit CESA3 contributes to enhanced resistance to R. solanacearum, remaining effective under heat stress. We expect that these results will help to identify robust genetic sources of resistance to R. solanacearum in the context of global warming. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Desaint
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
- SYNGENTA Seeds, Sarrians 84260, France
| | - Alessandro Gigli
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Adrien Belny
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
| | - Hua Cassan-Wang
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse III, CNRS, INP, UMR5546, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
| | - Yves Martinez
- Plateforme Imagerie, FRAIB-CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
| | - Fabienne Vailleau
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
| | - Fabien Mounet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse III, CNRS, INP, UMR5546, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
| | - Samantha Vernhettes
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Versailles 78000, France
| | - Richard Berthomé
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
| | - Marta Marchetti
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
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6
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Singh J, Tiwari M. Fortifying Plant Armor: CESA3 Enhances Arabidopsis thaliana's Defense Against Bacterial Wilt Under Heat Stress. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:596-597. [PMID: 39208035 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-24-0077-cm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jawahar Singh
- Sainsbury Laboratory (SLCU), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Manish Tiwari
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, U.S.A
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7
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Barbut FR, Cavel E, Donev EN, Gaboreanu I, Urbancsok J, Pandey G, Demailly H, Jiao D, Yassin Z, Derba-Maceluch M, Master ER, Scheepers G, Gutierrez L, Mellerowicz EJ. Integrity of xylan backbone affects plant responses to drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1422701. [PMID: 38984158 PMCID: PMC11231379 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1422701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Drought is a major factor affecting crops, thus efforts are needed to increase plant resilience to this abiotic stress. The overlapping signaling pathways between drought and cell wall integrity maintenance responses create a possibility of increasing drought resistance by modifying cell walls. Here, using herbaceous and woody plant model species, Arabidopsis and hybrid aspen, respectively, we investigated how the integrity of xylan in secondary walls affects the responses of plants to drought stress. Plants, in which secondary wall xylan integrity was reduced by expressing fungal GH10 and GH11 xylanases or by affecting genes involved in xylan backbone biosynthesis, were subjected to controlled drought while their physiological responses were continuously monitored by RGB, fluorescence, and/or hyperspectral cameras. For Arabidopsis, this was supplemented with survival test after complete water withdrawal and analyses of stomatal function and stem conductivity. All Arabidopsis xylan-impaired lines showed better survival upon complete watering withdrawal, increased stomatal density and delayed growth inhibition by moderate drought, indicating increased resilience to moderate drought associated with modified xylan integrity. Subtle differences were recorded between xylan biosynthesis mutants (irx9, irx10 and irx14) and xylanase-expressing lines. irx14 was the most drought resistant genotype, and the only genotype with increased lignin content and unaltered xylem conductivity despite its irx phenotype. Rosette growth was more affected by drought in GH11- than in GH10-expressing plants. In aspen, mild downregulation of GT43B and C genes did not affect drought responses and the transgenic plants grew better than the wild-type in drought and well-watered conditions. Both GH10 and GH11 xylanases strongly inhibited stem elongation and root growth in well-watered conditions but growth was less inhibited by drought in GH11-expressing plants than in wild-type. Overall, plants with xylan integrity impairment in secondary walls were less affected than wild-type by moderately reduced water availability but their responses also varied among genotypes and species. Thus, modifying the secondary cell wall integrity can be considered as a potential strategy for developing crops better suited to withstand water scarcity, but more research is needed to address the underlying molecular causes of this variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix R Barbut
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emilie Cavel
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Evgeniy N Donev
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ioana Gaboreanu
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå, Sweden
| | - János Urbancsok
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Garima Pandey
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hervé Demailly
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Dianyi Jiao
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Zakiya Yassin
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment Division, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marta Derba-Maceluch
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emma R Master
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gerhard Scheepers
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment Division, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Ewa J Mellerowicz
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå, Sweden
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8
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Liu X, Dai H, Zhang F, Wang J, Shi J, Chen J, He P, Wang F, Ma Y. The miR7125-MdARF1 module enhances the resistance of apple to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by promoting lignin synthesis in response to salicylic acid signalling. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38852059 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Apple is an important cash crop in China, and it is susceptible to fungal infections that have deleterious effects on its yield. Apple bitter rot caused by Colletorichum gloeosporioides is one of the most severe fungal diseases of apple. Salicylic acid (SA) is a key signalling molecule in the plant disease resistance signalling pathways. Lignin synthesis also plays a key role in conferring disease resistance. However, few studies have clarified the relationship between the SA disease resistance signalling pathway and the lignin disease resistance pathway in apple. MdMYB46 has previously been shown to promote lignin accumulation in apple and enhance salt and osmotic stress tolerance. Here, we investigated the relationship between MdMYB46 and biological stress; we found that MdMYB46 overexpression enhances the resistance of apple to C. gloeosporioides. We also identified MdARF1, a transcription factor upstream of MdMYB46, via yeast library screening and determined that MdARF1 was regulated by miR7125 through psRNATarget prediction. This regulatory relationship was confirmed through LUC and qRT-PCR experiments, demonstrating that miR7125 negatively regulates MdARF1. Analysis of the miR7125 promoter revealed that miR7125 responds to SA signals. The accumulation of SA level will result in the decrease of miR7125 expression level. In sum, the results of our study provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance of apple to C. gloeosporioides and reveal a new pathway that enhances lignin accumulation in apple in response to SA signals. These findings provide valuable information for future studies aimed at breeding apple for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyan Dai
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiajun Shi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junqin Chen
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping He
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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9
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Bhandari DD, Brandizzi F. Logistics of defense: The contribution of endomembranes to plant innate immunity. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202307066. [PMID: 38551496 PMCID: PMC10982075 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202307066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogens cause plant diseases that threaten food security. Unlike mammals, plants lack an adaptive immune system and rely on their innate immune system to recognize and respond to pathogens. Plant response to a pathogen attack requires precise coordination of intracellular traffic and signaling. Spatial and/or temporal defects in coordinating signals and cargo can lead to detrimental effects on cell development. The role of intracellular traffic comes into a critical focus when the cell sustains biotic stress. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the post-immune activation logistics of plant defense. Specifically, we focus on packaging and shipping of defense-related cargo, rerouting of intracellular traffic, the players enabling defense-related traffic, and pathogen-mediated subversion of these pathways. We highlight the roles of the cytoskeleton, cytoskeleton-organelle bridging proteins, and secretory vesicles in maintaining pathways of exocytic defense, acting as sentinels during pathogen attack, and the necessary elements for building the cell wall as a barrier to pathogens. We also identify points of convergence between mammalian and plant trafficking pathways during defense and highlight plant unique responses to illustrate evolutionary adaptations that plants have undergone to resist biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak D. Bhandari
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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10
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Xu D, Leister D, Kleine T. Identification of a highly drought-resistant pp7l hda6 mutant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1341576. [PMID: 38887464 PMCID: PMC11180769 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1341576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Plants have developed efficient strategies to counteract drought stress, including stomata closure, significant changes in nuclear gene expression, and epigenetic mechanisms. Previously, we identified Arabidopsis thaliana PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE7-LIKE (PP7L) as an extrachloroplastic protein that promotes chloroplast development. In addition, it was shown that PP7L is involved in high light and salt tolerance. Here, we demonstrate that the pp7l mutant can withstand prolonged periods of drought stress. Interestingly, despite impaired growth under standard growth conditions, photosynthetic efficiency recovers in pp7l mutant plants experiencing drought conditions. To assess the (post)transcriptional changes occurring in the pp7l mutant under different durations of drought exposure, we used an RNA-sequencing technique that allows the simultaneous detection of organellar and nuclear transcripts. Compared with the previously reported drought-responsive changes in the wild type, the drought-responsive changes in organellar and nuclear transcripts detected in the pp7l mutant were negligible. Our analysis of the data generated in this study and review and analysis of previous literature motivated us to create a pp7l hda6 (histone deacetylase 6) mutant, which exhibits remarkable drought resistance. Notably, the growth penalty associated with pp7l was alleviated in the double mutant, ruling out a dwarf effect on the drought-tolerant trait of this genotype. Future studies may consider that multiple loci and factors are involved in stress resistance and explore combinations of these factors to create even more resilient plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tatjana Kleine
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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11
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Sinha A, Narula K, Bhola L, Sengupta A, Choudhary P, Nalwa P, Kumar M, Elagamey E, Chakraborty N, Chakraborty S. Proteomic signatures uncover phenotypic plasticity of susceptible and resistant genotypes by wall remodelers in rice blast. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38825969 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Molecular communication between macromolecules dictates extracellular matrix (ECM) dynamics during pathogen recognition and disease development. Extensive research has shed light on how plant immune components are activated, regulated and function in response to pathogen attack. However, two key questions remain largely unresolved: (i) how does ECM dynamics govern susceptibility and disease resistance, (ii) what are the components that underpin these phenomena? Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae adversely affects rice productivity. To understand ECM regulated genotype-phenotype plasticity in blast disease, we temporally profiled two contrasting rice genotypes in disease and immune state. Morpho-histological, biochemical and electron microscopy analyses revealed that increased necrotic lesions accompanied by electrolyte leakage governs disease state. Wall carbohydrate quantification showed changes in pectin level was more significant in blast susceptible compared to blast resistant cultivar. Temporally resolved quantitative disease- and immune-responsive ECM proteomes identified 308 and 334 proteins, respectively involved in wall remodelling and integrity, signalling and disease/immune response. Pairwise comparisons between time and treatment, messenger ribonucleic acid expression, diseasome and immunome networks revealed novel blast-related functional modules. Data demonstrated accumulation of α-galactosidase and phosphatase were associated with disease state, while reactive oxygen species, induction of Lysin motif proteins, CAZymes and extracellular Ca-receptor protein govern immune state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanika Narula
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Latika Bhola
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Atreyee Sengupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Choudhary
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Pragya Nalwa
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Eman Elagamey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Niranjan Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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12
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Choudhary A, Senthil-Kumar M. Drought: A context-dependent damper and aggravator of plant diseases. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2109-2126. [PMID: 38409868 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Drought dynamically influences the interactions between plants and pathogens, thereby affecting disease outbreaks. Understanding the intricate mechanistic aspects of the multiscale interactions among plants, pathogens, and the environment-known as the disease triangle-is paramount for enhancing the climate resilience of crop plants. In this review, we systematically compile and comprehensively analyse current knowledge on the influence of drought on the severity of plant diseases. We emphasise that studying these stresses in isolation is not sufficient to predict how plants respond to combined stress from both drought and pathogens. The impact of drought and pathogens on plants is complex and multifaceted, encompassing the activation of antagonistic signalling cascades in response to stress factors. The nature, intensity, and temporality of drought and pathogen stress occurrence significantly influence the outcome of diseases. We delineate the drought-sensitive nodes of plant immunity and highlight the emerging points of crosstalk between drought and defence signalling under combined stress. The limited mechanistic understanding of these interactions is acknowledged as a key research gap in this area. The information synthesised herein will be crucial for crafting strategies for the accurate prediction and mitigation of future crop disease risks, particularly in the context of a changing climate.
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13
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Saberi Riseh R, Fathi F, Lagzian A, Vatankhah M, Kennedy JF. Modifying lignin: A promising strategy for plant disease control. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132696. [PMID: 38823737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Lignin is a complex polymer found in the cell walls of plants, providing structural support and protection against pathogens. By modifying lignin composition and structure, scientists aim to optimize plant defense responses and increase resistance to pathogens. This can be achieved through various genetic engineering techniques which involve manipulating the genes responsible for lignin synthesis. By either up regulating or down regulating specific genes, researchers can alter the lignin content, composition, or distribution in plant tissues. Reducing lignin content in specific tissues like leaves can improve the effectiveness of defense mechanisms by allowing for better penetration of antimicrobial compounds. Overall, Lignin modification through techniques has shown promising results in enhancing various plants resistance against pathogens. Furthermore, lignin modification can have additional benefits beyond pathogen resistance. It can improve biomass processing for biofuel production by reducing lignin recalcitrance, making the extraction of sugars from cellulose more efficient. The complexity of lignin biosynthesis and its interactions with other plant components make it a challenging target for modification. Additionally, the potential environmental impact and regulatory considerations associated with genetically modified organisms (GMOs) require careful evaluation. Ongoing research aims to further optimize this approach and develop sustainable solutions for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Fariba Fathi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Lagzian
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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14
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Yu G, Zhang L, Xue H, Chen Y, Liu X, Del Pozo JC, Zhao C, Lozano-Duran R, Macho AP. Cell wall-mediated root development is targeted by a soil-borne bacterial pathogen to promote infection. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114179. [PMID: 38691455 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens manipulate host development, facilitating colonization and proliferation. Ralstonia solanacearum is a soil-borne bacterial pathogen that penetrates roots and colonizes plants through the vascular system, causing wilting and death. Here, we find that RipAC, an effector protein from R. solanacearum, alters root development in Arabidopsis, promoting the formation of lateral roots and root hairs. RipAC interacts with CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA)-INTERACTIVE PROTEIN 1 (CSI1), which regulates the activity of CESA complexes at the plasma membrane. RipAC disrupts CESA-CSI1 interaction, leading to a reduction in cellulose content, root developmental alterations, and a promotion of bacterial pathogenicity. We find that CSI1 also associates with the receptor kinase FERONIA, forming a complex that negatively regulates immunity in roots; this interaction, however, is not affected by RipAC. Our work reveals a bacterial virulence strategy that selectively affects the activities of a host target, promoting anatomical alterations that facilitate infection without causing activation of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujiao Chen
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan C Del Pozo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria-CSIC (INIA/CSIC), Campus Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Rosa Lozano-Duran
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Alberto P Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China.
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15
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Molina A, Jordá L, Torres MÁ, Martín-Dacal M, Berlanga DJ, Fernández-Calvo P, Gómez-Rubio E, Martín-Santamaría S. Plant cell wall-mediated disease resistance: Current understanding and future perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:699-724. [PMID: 38594902 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Beyond their function as structural barriers, plant cell walls are essential elements for the adaptation of plants to environmental conditions. Cell walls are dynamic structures whose composition and integrity can be altered in response to environmental challenges and developmental cues. These wall changes are perceived by plant sensors/receptors to trigger adaptative responses during development and upon stress perception. Plant cell wall damage caused by pathogen infection, wounding, or other stresses leads to the release of wall molecules, such as carbohydrates (glycans), that function as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs are perceived by the extracellular ectodomains (ECDs) of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance. Similarly, glycans released from the walls and extracellular layers of microorganisms interacting with plants are recognized as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by specific ECD-PRRs triggering PTI responses. The number of oligosaccharides DAMPs/MAMPs identified that are perceived by plants has increased in recent years. However, the structural mechanisms underlying glycan recognition by plant PRRs remain limited. Currently, this knowledge is mainly focused on receptors of the LysM-PRR family, which are involved in the perception of various molecules, such as chitooligosaccharides from fungi and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (i.e., Nod/MYC factors from bacteria and mycorrhiza, respectively) that trigger differential physiological responses. Nevertheless, additional families of plant PRRs have recently been implicated in oligosaccharide/polysaccharide recognition. These include receptor kinases (RKs) with leucine-rich repeat and Malectin domains in their ECDs (LRR-MAL RKs), Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE group (CrRLK1L) with Malectin-like domains in their ECDs, as well as wall-associated kinases, lectin-RKs, and LRR-extensins. The characterization of structural basis of glycans recognition by these new plant receptors will shed light on their similarities with those of mammalians involved in glycan perception. The gained knowledge holds the potential to facilitate the development of sustainable, glycan-based crop protection solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Jordá
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Martín-Dacal
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego José Berlanga
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Calvo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Elena Gómez-Rubio
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Martín-Santamaría
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Robuschi L, Mariani O, Perk EA, Cerrudo I, Villarreal F, Laxalt AM. Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C 2 is required for Botrytis cinerea proliferation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 340:111971. [PMID: 38160760 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) plays a key role in lipid signaling during plant development and stress responses. PLC activation is one of the earliest responses during pathogen perception. Arabidopsis thaliana contains seven PLC encoding genes (AtPLC1 to AtPLC7) and two pseudogenes (AtPLC8 and AtPLC9), being AtPLC2 the most abundant isoform with constitutive expression in all plant organs. PLC has been linked to plant defense signaling, in particular to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previously, we demonstrated that AtPLC2 is involved in ROS production via the NADPH oxidase isoforms RBOHD activation during stomata plant immunity. Here we studied the role of AtPLC2 on plant resistance against the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea, a broad host-range and serious agricultural pathogen. We show that the AtPLC2-silenced (amiR PLC2) or null mutant (plc2-1) plants developed smaller B. cinerea lesions. Moreover, plc2-1 showed less ROS production and an intensified SA-dependent signaling upon infection, indicating that B. cinerea uses AtPLC2-triggered responses for a successful proliferation. Therefore, AtPLC2 is a susceptibility (S) gene that facilitates B. cinerea infection and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Robuschi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Oriana Mariani
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Strasse, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Enzo A Perk
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Cerrudo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando Villarreal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Ana M Laxalt
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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17
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Saxe HJ, Walawage SL, Balan B, Leslie CA, Brown PJ, Browne GT, Kluepfel DA, Westphal A, Dandekar AM. Transcriptomic Evidence of a Link between Cell Wall Biogenesis, Pathogenesis, and Vigor in Walnut Root and Trunk Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:931. [PMID: 38256004 PMCID: PMC10815794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Crown gall disease (Agrobacterium tumefaciens), crown/root rot disease (Phytophthora spp.), root lesion disease (Pratylenchus vulnus) and tree vigor are key traits affecting the productivity and quality of walnuts in California. Unchallenged hybrid rootstocks were analyzed by RNA-seq to examine pre-formed factors affecting these traits. Enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed that the increased expression of cell wall biogenesis-related genes plays a key role in susceptibility to A. tumefaciens, susceptibility to Phytophthora spp. and increased vigor. Analysis of the predicted subcellular loci of the encoded proteins revealed that many gene products associated with vigor and susceptibility were targeted to the plasma membrane and extracellular space, connecting these traits to sustaining barrier function. We observed that RNA processing and splicing, along with predicted nuclear targeting, were associated with resistance to A. tumefaciens, resistance to Phytophthora spp. and low vigor. Four genes within the J. microcarpa QTL region for resistance to A. tumefaciens and Phytophthora spp. were represented among our transcripts, with two of the genes being differentially expressed in association with resistance to A. tumefaciens and decreased vigor. No differential expression related to Phytophthora spp. or P. vulnus resistance was observed in this region. Additionally, the J. microcarpa haplotype expressed more transcripts associated with resistance to A. tumefaciens, Phytophthora spp. and low vigor, but not P. vulnus, than the J. regia haplotype. We also report unique and shared hormone and defense responses associated with each trait. This research suggests a link between cell wall biogenesis, vigor and critical root diseases of walnut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houston J. Saxe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.J.S.); (S.L.W.); (C.A.L.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Sriema L. Walawage
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.J.S.); (S.L.W.); (C.A.L.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Bipin Balan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.J.S.); (S.L.W.); (C.A.L.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Charles A. Leslie
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.J.S.); (S.L.W.); (C.A.L.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Patrick J. Brown
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.J.S.); (S.L.W.); (C.A.L.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Gregory T. Browne
- United States Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (G.T.B.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Daniel A. Kluepfel
- United States Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (G.T.B.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Andreas Westphal
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Abhaya M. Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.J.S.); (S.L.W.); (C.A.L.); (P.J.B.)
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18
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García-Soto I, Formey D, Mora-Toledo A, Cárdenas L, Aragón W, Tromas A, Duque-Ortiz A, Jiménez-Bremont JF, Serrano M. AtRAC7/ROP9 Small GTPase Regulates A. thaliana Immune Systems in Response to B. cinerea Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:591. [PMID: 38203762 PMCID: PMC10779071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that can cause gray mold in over 1400 plant species. Once it is detected by Arabidopsis thaliana, several defense responses are activated against this fungus. The proper activation of these defenses determines plant susceptibility or resistance. It has been proposed that the RAC/ROP small GTPases might serve as a molecular link in this process. In this study, we investigate the potential role of the Arabidopsis RAC7 gene during infection with B. cinerea. For that, we evaluated A. thaliana RAC7-OX lines, characterized by the overexpression of the RAC7 gene. Our results reveal that these RAC7-OX lines displayed increased susceptibility to B. cinerea infection, with enhanced fungal colonization and earlier lesion development. Additionally, they exhibited heightened sensitivity to bacterial infections caused by Pseudomonas syringae and Pectobacterium brasiliense. By characterizing plant canonical defense mechanisms and performing transcriptomic profiling, we determined that RAC7-OX lines impaired the plant transcriptomic response before and during B. cinerea infection. Global pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes suggested that RAC7 influences pathogen perception, cell wall homeostasis, signal transduction, and biosynthesis and response to hormones and antimicrobial compounds through actin filament modulation. Herein, we pointed out, for first time, the negative role of RAC7 small GTPase during A. thaliana-B. cinerea interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette García-Soto
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (D.F.); (A.M.-T.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Damien Formey
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (D.F.); (A.M.-T.)
| | - Angélica Mora-Toledo
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (D.F.); (A.M.-T.)
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Cárdenas
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Wendy Aragón
- Instituto de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Blvd. Príncipe Akishino s/n, Tapachula 30798, Chiapas, Mexico;
| | - Alexandre Tromas
- La Cité College, Bureau de la Recherche et de l’Innovation, Ottawa, ON K1K 4R3, Canada;
| | - Arianna Duque-Ortiz
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), San Luis Potosí 78216, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; (A.D.-O.); (J.F.J.-B.)
| | - Juan Francisco Jiménez-Bremont
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), San Luis Potosí 78216, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; (A.D.-O.); (J.F.J.-B.)
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (D.F.); (A.M.-T.)
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19
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Si X, Liu H, Cheng X, Xu C, Han Z, Dai Z, Wang R, Pan C, Lu G. Integrative transcriptomic analysis unveils lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interplay in tomato plants responding to Ralstonia solanacearum. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126891. [PMID: 37709224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum, a bacterial plant pathogen, poses a significant threat to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production through destructive wilt disease. While noncoding RNA has emerged as a crucial regulator in plant disease, its specific involvement in tomato bacterial wilt remains limited. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptional landscape, encompassing both mRNAs and noncoding RNAs, in a tomato resistant line ('ZRS_7') and a susceptible line ('HTY_9') upon R. solanacearum inoculation using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Differential expression (DE) analysis revealed significant alterations in 7506 mRNAs, 997 lncRNAs, and 69 miRNAs between 'ZRS_7' and 'HTY_9' after pathogen exposure. Notably, 4548 mRNAs, 367 lncRNAs, and 26 miRNAs exhibited genotype-specific responses to R. solanacearum inoculation. GO and KEGG pathway analyses unveiled the potential involvement of noncoding RNAs in the response to bacterial wilt disease, targeting receptor-like kinases, cell wall-related genes, glutamate decarboxylases, and other key pathways. Furthermore, we constructed a comprehensive competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network incorporating 13 DE-miRNAs, 30 DE-lncRNAs, and 127 DEGs, providing insights into their potential contributions to the response against bacterial inoculation. Importantly, the characterization of possible endogenous target mimics (eTMs) of Sly-miR482e-3p via VIGS technology demonstrated the significant impact of eTM482e-3p-1 silencing on tomato's sensitivity to R. solanacearum. These findings support the existence of an eTM482e-3p-1-Sly-miR482e-3p-NBS-LRRs network in regulating tomato's response to the pathogen. Collectively, our findings shed light on the intricate interactions among lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs as underlying factors in conferring resistance to R. solanacearum in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyang Si
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chengcui Xu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhanghui Han
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhongren Dai
- Branch Academy of Horticultural Research, Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150029, China
| | - Rongqing Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Changtian Pan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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20
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Liu X, Ma Z, Tran TM, Rautengarten C, Cheng Y, Yang L, Ebert B, Persson S, Miao Y. Balanced callose and cellulose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis quorum-sensing signaling and pattern-triggered immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:137-152. [PMID: 37647538 PMCID: PMC10756761 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall (CW) is one of the most important physical barriers that phytopathogens must conquer to invade their hosts. This barrier is a dynamic structure that responds to pathogen infection through a complex network of immune receptors, together with CW-synthesizing and CW-degrading enzymes. Callose deposition in the primary CW is a well-known physical response to pathogen infection. Notably, callose and cellulose biosynthesis share an initial substrate, UDP-glucose, which is the main load-bearing component of the CW. However, how these 2 critical biosynthetic processes are balanced during plant-pathogen interactions remains unclear. Here, using 2 different pathogen-derived molecules, bacterial flagellin (flg22) and the diffusible signal factor (DSF) produced by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, we show a negative correlation between cellulose and callose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). By quantifying the abundance of callose and cellulose under DSF or flg22 elicitation and characterizing the dynamics of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of these 2 polymers, we show that the balance of these 2 CW components is mediated by the activity of a β-1,3-glucanase (BG2). Our data demonstrate balanced cellulose and callose biosynthesis during plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Tuan Minh Tran
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Carsten Rautengarten
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44810, Germany
| | - Yingying Cheng
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Berit Ebert
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44810, Germany
| | - Staffan Persson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences (PLEN), University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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21
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Quinn O, Kumar M, Turner S. The role of lipid-modified proteins in cell wall synthesis and signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:51-66. [PMID: 37682865 PMCID: PMC10756762 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall is a complex and dynamic extracellular matrix. Plant primary cell walls are the first line of defense against pathogens and regulate cell expansion. Specialized cells deposit a secondary cell wall that provides support and permits water transport. The composition and organization of the cell wall varies between cell types and species, contributing to the extensibility, stiffness, and hydrophobicity required for its proper function. Recently, many of the proteins involved in the biosynthesis, maintenance, and remodeling of the cell wall have been identified as being post-translationally modified with lipids. These modifications exhibit diverse structures and attach to proteins at different sites, which defines the specific role played by each lipid modification. The introduction of relatively hydrophobic lipid moieties promotes the interaction of proteins with membranes and can act as sorting signals, allowing targeted delivery to the plasma membrane regions and secretion into the apoplast. Disruption of lipid modification results in aberrant deposition of cell wall components and defective cell wall remodeling in response to stresses, demonstrating the essential nature of these modifications. Although much is known about which proteins bear lipid modifications, many questions remain regarding the contribution of lipid-driven membrane domain localization and lipid heterogeneity to protein function in cell wall metabolism. In this update, we highlight the contribution of lipid modifications to proteins involved in the formation and maintenance of plant cell walls, with a focus on the addition of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, N-myristoylation, prenylation, and S-acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Quinn
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Simon Turner
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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22
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Wanke A, van Boerdonk S, Mahdi LK, Wawra S, Neidert M, Chandrasekar B, Saake P, Saur IML, Derbyshire P, Holton N, Menke FLH, Brands M, Pauly M, Acosta IF, Zipfel C, Zuccaro A. A GH81-type β-glucan-binding protein enhances colonization by mutualistic fungi in barley. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5071-5084.e7. [PMID: 37977140 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls are important interfaces of plant-fungal interactions, acting as robust physical and chemical barriers against invaders. Upon fungal colonization, plants deposit phenolics and callose at the sites of fungal penetration to prevent further fungal progression. Alterations in the composition of plant cell walls significantly impact host susceptibility. Furthermore, plants and fungi secrete glycan hydrolases acting on each other's cell walls. These enzymes release various sugar oligomers into the apoplast, some of which activate host immunity via surface receptors. Recent characterization of cell walls from plant-colonizing fungi has emphasized the abundance of β-glucans in different cell wall layers, which makes them suitable targets for recognition. To characterize host components involved in immunity against fungi, we performed a protein pull-down with the biotinylated β-glucan laminarin. Thereby, we identified a plant glycoside hydrolase family 81-type glucan-binding protein (GBP) as a β-glucan interactor. Mutation of GBP1 and its only paralog, GBP2, in barley led to decreased colonization by the beneficial root endophytes Serendipita indica and S. vermifera, as well as the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. The reduction of colonization was accompanied by enhanced responses at the host cell wall, including an extension of callose-containing cell wall appositions. Moreover, GBP mutation in barley also reduced fungal biomass in roots by the hemibiotrophic pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana and inhibited the penetration success of the obligate biotrophic leaf pathogen Blumeria hordei. These results indicate that GBP1 is involved in the establishment of symbiotic associations with beneficial fungi-a role that has potentially been appropriated by barley-adapted pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Wanke
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah van Boerdonk
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Katharina Mahdi
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Wawra
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miriam Neidert
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Balakumaran Chandrasekar
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, Germany
| | - Pia Saake
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, Germany
| | - Isabel M L Saur
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul Derbyshire
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Nicholas Holton
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Frank L H Menke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Mathias Brands
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Pauly
- Institute of Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ivan F Acosta
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alga Zuccaro
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, Germany.
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23
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Li M, Li W, Zhao M, Li Z, Wang GL, Liu W, Liang C. Transcriptome analysis reveals a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in OsRpp30-mediated disease resistance in rice. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:643. [PMID: 37884868 PMCID: PMC10604448 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in various biological processes in plants. Extensive studies utilizing high-throughput RNA sequencing have revealed that many lncRNAs are involved in plant disease resistance. Oryza sativa RNase P protein 30 (OsRpp30) has been identified as a positive regulator of rice immunity against fungal and bacterial pathogens. Nevertheless, the specific functions of lncRNAs in relation to OsRpp30-mediated disease resistance in rice remain elusive. RESULTS We conducted a comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs expression patterns in wild type (WT), OsRpp30 overexpression (OsRpp30-OE), and OsRpp30 knockout (OsRpp30-KO) rice plants. In total, we identified 91 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), 1671 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), and 41 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) across the different rice lines. To gain further insights, we investigated the interaction between DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs, leading to the discovery of 10 trans- and 27 cis-targeting pairs specific to the OsRpp30-OE and OsRpp30-KO samples. In addition, we constructed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network comprising differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs to elucidate their intricate interplay in rice disease resistance. The ceRNA network analysis uncovered a set of gene targets regulated by lncRNAs and miRNAs, which were found to be involved in pathogen recognition, hormone pathways, transcription factor activation, and other biological processes related to plant immunity. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a comprehensive expression profiling of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs in a collection of defense mutants in rice. To decipher the putative functional significance of lncRNAs, we constructed trans- and cis-targeting networks involving differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, as well as a ceRNA network incorporating differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs. Together, the findings from this study provide compelling evidence supporting the pivotal roles of lncRNAs in OsRpp30-mediated disease resistance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Li
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Meixia Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.
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24
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Meline V, Hendrich CG, Truchon AN, Caldwell D, Hiles R, Leuschen-Kohl R, Tran T, Mitra RM, Allen C, Iyer-Pascuzzi AS. Tomato deploys defence and growth simultaneously to resist bacterial wilt disease. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3040-3058. [PMID: 36213953 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant disease limits crop production, and host genetic resistance is a major means of control. Plant pathogenic Ralstonia causes bacterial wilt disease and is best controlled with resistant varieties. Tomato wilt resistance is multigenic, yet the mechanisms of resistance remain largely unknown. We combined metaRNAseq analysis and functional experiments to identify core Ralstonia-responsive genes and the corresponding biological mechanisms in wilt-resistant and wilt-susceptible tomatoes. While trade-offs between growth and defence are common in plants, wilt-resistant plants activated both defence responses and growth processes. Measurements of innate immunity and growth, including reactive oxygen species production and root system growth, respectively, validated that resistant plants executed defence-related processes at the same time they increased root growth. In contrast, in wilt-susceptible plants roots senesced and root surface area declined following Ralstonia inoculation. Wilt-resistant plants repressed genes predicted to negatively regulate water stress tolerance, while susceptible plants repressed genes predicted to promote water stress tolerance. Our results suggest that wilt-resistant plants can simultaneously promote growth and defence by investing in resources that act in both processes. Infected susceptible plants activate defences, but fail to grow and so succumb to Ralstonia, likely because they cannot tolerate the water stress induced by vascular wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerian Meline
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Connor G Hendrich
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alicia N Truchon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Denise Caldwell
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Rachel Hiles
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Rebecca Leuschen-Kohl
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Tri Tran
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Raka M Mitra
- Department of Biology, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota, USA
| | - Caitilyn Allen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anjali S Iyer-Pascuzzi
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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25
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Kim SJ, Bhandari DD, Sokoloski R, Brandizzi F. Immune activation during Pseudomonas infection causes local cell wall remodeling and alters AGP accumulation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:541-557. [PMID: 37496362 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell boundary generally comprises constituents of the primary and secondary cell wall (CW) that are deposited sequentially during development. Although it is known that the CW acts as a barrier against phytopathogens and undergoes modifications to limit their invasion, the extent, sequence, and requirements of the pathogen-induced modifications of the CW components are still largely unknown, especially at the level of the polysaccharide fraction. To address this significant knowledge gap, we adopted the compatible Pseudomonas syringae-Arabidopsis thaliana system. We found that, despite systemic signaling actuation, Pseudomonas infection leads only to local CW modifications. Furthermore, by utilizing a combination of CW and immune signaling-deficient mutants infected with virulent or non-virulent bacteria, we demonstrated that the pathogen-induced changes in CW polysaccharides depend on the combination of pathogen virulence and the host's ability to mount an immune response. This results in a pathogen-driven accumulation of CW hexoses, such as galactose, and an immune signaling-dependent increase in CW pentoses, mainly arabinose, and xylose. Our analyses of CW changes during disease progression also revealed a distinct spatiotemporal pattern of arabinogalactan protein (AGP) deposition and significant modifications of rhamnogalacturonan sidechains. Furthermore, genetic analyses demonstrated a critical role of AGPs, specifically of the Arabinoxylan Pectin Arabinogalactan Protein1, in limiting pathogen growth. Collectively, our results provide evidence for the actuation of significant remodeling of CW polysaccharides in a compatible host-pathogen interaction, and, by identifying AGPs as critical elements of the CW in plant defense, they pinpoint opportunities to improve plants against diverse pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Jin Kim
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Deepak D Bhandari
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Rylee Sokoloski
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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26
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Huang Y, Li Y, Zou K, Wang Y, Ma Y, Meng D, Luo H, Qu J, Li F, Xuan Y, Du W. The Resistance of Maize to Ustilago maydis Infection Is Correlated with the Degree of Methyl Esterification of Pectin in the Cell Wall. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14737. [PMID: 37834187 PMCID: PMC10573042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Common smut caused by Ustilago maydis is one of the dominant fungal diseases in plants. The resistance mechanism to U. maydis infection involving alterations in the cell wall is poorly studied. In this study, the resistant single segment substitution line (SSSL) R445 and its susceptible recurrent parent line Ye478 of maize were infected with U. maydis, and the changes in cell wall components and structure were studied at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 days postinfection. In R445 and Ye478, the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin increased by varying degrees, and pectin methylesterase (PME) activity increased. The changes in hemicellulose and pectin in the cell wall after U. maydis infection were analyzed via immunolabeling using monoclonal antibodies against hemicellulsic xylans and high/low-methylated pectin. U. maydis infection altered methyl esterification of pectin, and the degree of methyl esterification was correlated with the resistance of maize to U. maydis. Furthermore, the relationship between methyl esterification of pectin and host resistance was validated using 15 maize inbred lines with different resistance levels. The results revealed that cell wall components, particularly pectin, were important factors affecting the colonization and propagation of U. maydis in maize, and methyl esterification of pectin played a role in the resistance of maize to U. maydis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingni Huang
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yang Li
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Kunkun Zou
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuting Ma
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Dexuan Meng
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Haishan Luo
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jianzhou Qu
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Fengcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wanli Du
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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27
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Li R, Ma XY, Zhang YJ, Zhang YJ, Zhu H, Shao SN, Zhang DD, Klosterman SJ, Dai XF, Subbarao KV, Chen JY. Genome-wide identification and analysis of a cotton secretome reveals its role in resistance against Verticillium dahliae. BMC Biol 2023; 21:166. [PMID: 37542270 PMCID: PMC10403859 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular space between the cell wall and plasma membrane is a battlefield in plant-pathogen interactions. Within this space, the pathogen employs its secretome to attack the host in a variety of ways, including immunity manipulation. However, the role of the plant secretome is rarely studied for its role in disease resistance. RESULTS Here, we examined the secretome of Verticillium wilt-resistant Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Zhongzhimian No.2 (ZZM2, encoding 95,327 predicted coding sequences) to determine its role in disease resistance against the wilt causal agent, Verticillium dahliae. Bioinformatics-driven analyses showed that the ZZM2 genome encodes 2085 secreted proteins and that these display disequilibrium in their distribution among the chromosomes. The cotton secretome displayed differences in the abundance of certain amino acid residues as compared to the remaining encoded proteins due to the localization of these putative proteins in the extracellular space. The secretome analysis revealed conservation for an allotetraploid genome, which nevertheless exhibited variation among orthologs and comparable unique genes between the two sub-genomes. Secretome annotation strongly suggested its involvement in extracellular stress responses (hydrolase activity, oxidoreductase activity, and extracellular region, etc.), thus contributing to resistance against the V. dahliae infection. Furthermore, the defense response genes (immunity marker NbHIN1, salicylic acid marker NbPR1, and jasmonic acid marker NbLOX4) were activated to varying degrees when Nicotina benthamiana leaves were agro-infiltrated with 28 randomly selected members, suggesting that the secretome plays an important role in the immunity response. Finally, gene silencing assays of 11 members from 13 selected candidates in ZZM2 displayed higher susceptibility to V. dahliae, suggesting that the secretome members confer the Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that the cotton secretome plays an important role in Verticillium wilt resistance, facilitating the development of the resistance gene markers and increasing the understanding of the mechanisms regulating disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China
| | - Xi-Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ye-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yong-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - He Zhu
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China
- The Cotton Research Center of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Cotton Industry Technology System Liaohe Comprehensive Experimental Station, Liaoning Provincial Institute of Economic Crops, Liaoyang, 111000, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China
| | - Steven J Klosterman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA, USA
| | - Xiao-Feng Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China.
| | - Krishna V Subbarao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis c/o United States Agricultural Research Station, Salinas, CA, USA.
| | - Jie-Yin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China.
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He Y, Zhang K, Li S, Lu X, Zhao H, Guan C, Huang X, Shi Y, Kang Z, Fan Y, Li W, Chen C, Li G, Long O, Chen Y, Hu M, Cheng J, Xu B, Chapman MA, Georgiev MI, Fernie AR, Zhou M. Multiomics analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying virulence in Rhizoctonia and jasmonic acid-mediated resistance in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2773-2798. [PMID: 37119263 PMCID: PMC10396374 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a devastating soil-borne pathogen that seriously threatens the cultivation of economically important crops. Multiple strains with a very broad host range have been identified, but only 1 (AG1-IA, which causes rice sheath blight disease) has been examined in detail. Here, we analyzed AG4-HGI 3 originally isolated from Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), but with a host range comparable to AG1-IA. Genome comparison reveals abundant pathogenicity genes in this strain. We used multiomic approaches to improve the efficiency of screening for disease resistance genes. Transcriptomes of the plant-fungi interaction identified differentially expressed genes associated with virulence in Rhizoctonia and resistance in Tartary buckwheat. Integration with jasmonate-mediated transcriptome and metabolome changes revealed a negative regulator of jasmonate signaling, cytochrome P450 (FtCYP94C1), as increasing disease resistance probably via accumulation of resistance-related flavonoids. The integration of resistance data for 320 Tartary buckwheat accessions identified a gene homolog to aspartic proteinase (FtASP), with peak expression following R. solani inoculation. FtASP exhibits no proteinase activity but functions as an antibacterial peptide that slows fungal growth. This work reveals a potential mechanism behind pathogen virulence and host resistance, which should accelerate the molecular breeding of resistant varieties in economically essential crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shijuan Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chaonan Guan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yaliang Shi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhen Kang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangsheng Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ou Long
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mang Hu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianping Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bingliang Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mark A Chapman
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
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Seeley MM, Martin RE, Giardina C, Luiz B, Francisco K, Cook Z, Hughes MA, Asner GP. Leaf spectroscopy of resistance to Ceratocystis wilt of 'Ōhi'a. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287144. [PMID: 37352315 PMCID: PMC10289452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens are increasingly compromising forest health, with impacts to the ecological, economic, and cultural goods and services these global forests provide. One response to these threats is the identification of disease resistance in host trees, which with conventional methods can take years or even decades to achieve. Remote sensing methods have accelerated host resistance identification in agricultural crops and for a select few forest tree species, but applications are rare. Ceratocystis wilt of 'ōhi'a, caused by the fungal pathogen Ceratocystis lukuohia has been killing large numbers of the native Hawaiian tree, Metrosideros polymorpha or 'Ōhi'a, Hawaii's most common native tree and a biocultural keystone species. Here, we assessed whether resistance to C. lukuohia is detectable in leaf-level reflectance spectra (400-2500 nm) and used chemometric conversion equations to understand changes in leaf chemical traits of the plants as indicators of wilt symptom progression. We collected leaf reflectance data prior to artificially inoculating 2-3-year-old M. polymorpha clones with C. lukuohia. Plants were rated 3x a week for foliar wilt symptom development and leaf spectra data collected at 2 to 4-day intervals for 120 days following inoculation. We applied principal component analysis (PCA) to the pre-inoculation spectra, with plants grouped according to site of origin and subtaxon, and two-way analysis of variance to assess whether each principal component separated individuals based on their disease severity ratings. We identified seven leaf traits that changed in susceptible plants following inoculation (tannins, chlorophyll a+b, NSC, total C, leaf water, phenols, and cellulose) and leaf chemistries that differed between resistant and early-stage susceptible plants, most notably chlorophyll a+b and cellulose. Further, disease resistance was found to be detectable in the reflectance data, indicating that remote sensing work could expedite Ceratocystis wilt of 'ōhi'a resistance screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Seeley
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Hilo, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Roberta E. Martin
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Hilo, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Christian Giardina
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Blaine Luiz
- Akaka Foundation for Tropical Forests, Hilo, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Kainana Francisco
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Zachary Cook
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Marc A. Hughes
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Gregory P. Asner
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Hilo, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
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30
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Piovesana M, Wood AKM, Smith DP, Deery MJ, Bayliss R, Carrera E, Wellner N, Kosik O, Napier JA, Kurup S, Matthes MC. A point mutation in the kinase domain of CRK10 leads to xylem vessel collapse and activation of defence responses in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3104-3121. [PMID: 36869735 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) are a large family of plasma membrane-bound receptors ubiquitous in higher plants. However, despite their prominence, their biological roles have remained largely elusive so far. In this study we report the characterization of an Arabidopsis mutant named crk10-A397T in which alanine 397 has been replaced by a threonine in the αC helix of the kinase domain of CRK10, known to be a crucial regulatory module in mammalian kinases. The crk10-A397T mutant is a dwarf that displays collapsed xylem vessels in the root and hypocotyl, whereas the vasculature of the inflorescence develops normally. In situ phosphorylation assays with His-tagged wild type and crk10-A397T versions of the CRK10 kinase domain revealed that both alleles are active kinases capable of autophosphorylation, with the newly introduced threonine acting as an additional phosphorylation site in crk10-A397T. Transcriptomic analysis of wild type and crk10-A397T mutant hypocotyls revealed that biotic and abiotic stress-responsive genes are constitutively up-regulated in the mutant, and a root-infection assay with the vascular pathogen Fusarium oxysporum demonstrated that the mutant has enhanced resistance to this pathogen compared with wild type plants. Taken together our results suggest that crk10-A397T is a gain-of-function allele of CRK10, the first such mutant to have been identified for a CRK in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Piovesana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Streatham Campus, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Ana K M Wood
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Daniel P Smith
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Michael J Deery
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Richard Bayliss
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Esther Carrera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | | | - Ondrej Kosik
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Johnathan A Napier
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Smita Kurup
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Michaela C Matthes
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
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31
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Oelmüller R, Tseng YH, Gandhi A. Signals and Their Perception for Remodelling, Adjustment and Repair of the Plant Cell Wall. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087417. [PMID: 37108585 PMCID: PMC10139151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the cell wall is important for plant cells. Mechanical or chemical distortions, tension, pH changes in the apoplast, disturbance of the ion homeostasis, leakage of cell compounds into the apoplastic space or breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides activate cellular responses which often occur via plasma membrane-localized receptors. Breakdown products of the cell wall polysaccharides function as damage-associated molecular patterns and derive from cellulose (cello-oligomers), hemicelluloses (mainly xyloglucans and mixed-linkage glucans as well as glucuronoarabinoglucans in Poaceae) and pectins (oligogalacturonides). In addition, several types of channels participate in mechanosensing and convert physical into chemical signals. To establish a proper response, the cell has to integrate information about apoplastic alterations and disturbance of its wall with cell-internal programs which require modifications in the wall architecture due to growth, differentiation or cell division. We summarize recent progress in pattern recognition receptors for plant-derived oligosaccharides, with a focus on malectin domain-containing receptor kinases and their crosstalk with other perception systems and intracellular signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Oelmüller
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Yu-Heng Tseng
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Akanksha Gandhi
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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32
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Edwards JA, Saran UB, Bonnette J, MacQueen A, Yin J, Nguyen TU, Schmutz J, Grimwood J, Pennacchio LA, Daum C, Glavina Del Rio T, Fritschi FB, Lowry DB, Juenger TE. Genetic determinants of switchgrass-root-associated microbiota in field sites spanning its natural range. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1926-1938.e6. [PMID: 37080198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental goal in plant microbiome research is to determine the relative impacts of host and environmental effects on root microbiota composition, particularly how host genotype impacts bacterial community composition. Most studies characterizing the effect of plant genotype on root microbiota undersample host genetic diversity and grow plants outside of their native ranges, making the associations between host and microbes difficult to interpret. Here, we characterized the root microbiota of a large diversity panel of switchgrass, a North American native C4 bioenergy crop, in three field locations spanning its native range. Our data, composed of 1,961 samples, suggest that field location is the primary determinant of microbiome composition; however, substantial heritable variation is widespread across bacterial taxa, especially those in the Sphingomonadaceae family. Despite diverse compositions, relatively few highly prevalent taxa make up the majority of the switchgrass root microbiota, a large fraction of which is shared across sites. Local genotypes preferentially recruit/filter for local microbes, supporting the idea of affinity between local plants and their microbiota. Using genome-wide association, we identified loci impacting the abundance of >400 microbial strains and found an enrichment of genes involved in immune responses, signaling pathways, and secondary metabolism. We found loci associated with over half of the core microbiota (i.e., microbes in >80% of samples), regardless of field location. Finally, we show a genetic relationship between a basal plant immunity pathway and relative abundances of root microbiota. This study brings us closer to harnessing and manipulating beneficial microbial associations via host genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Edwards
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, 2415 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Usha Bishnoi Saran
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, 2415 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jason Bonnette
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, 2415 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Alice MacQueen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, 2415 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, 2415 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Tu Uyen Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, 2415 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way Northwest, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA; Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 91R183 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jane Grimwood
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way Northwest, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Len A Pennacchio
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 91R183 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chris Daum
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 91R183 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tijana Glavina Del Rio
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 91R183 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Felix B Fritschi
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Agriculture Bldg, 52, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - David B Lowry
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, Rm 166, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, 2415 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Shi J, Shui D, Su S, Xiong Z, Zai W. Gene enrichment and co-expression analysis shed light on transcriptional responses to Ralstonia solanacearum in tomato. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:159. [PMID: 36991339 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is both an important agricultural product and an excellent model system for studying plant-pathogen interactions. It is susceptible to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), and infection can result in severe yield and quality losses. To investigate which genes are involved in the resistance response to this pathogen, we sequenced the transcriptomes of both resistant and susceptible tomato inbred lines before and after Rs inoculation. RESULTS In total, 75.02 Gb of high-quality reads were generated from 12 RNA-seq libraries. A total of 1,312 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 693 up-regulated and 621 down-regulated genes. Additionally, 836 unique DEGs were obtained when comparing two tomato lines, including 27 co-expression hub genes. A total of 1,290 DEGs were functionally annotated using eight databases, most of which were found to be involved in biological pathways such as DNA and chromatin activity, plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and defense response. Among the core-enriched genes in 12 key pathways related to resistance, 36 genotype-specific DEGs were identified. RT-qPCR integrated analysis revealed that multiple DEGs may play a significant role in tomato response to Rs. In particular, Solyc01g073985.1 (NLR disease resistance protein) and Solyc04g058170.1 (calcium-binding protein) in plant-pathogen interaction are likely to be involved in the resistance. CONCLUSION We analyzed the transcriptomes of both resistant and susceptible tomato lines during control and inoculated conditions and identified several key genotype-specific hub genes involved in a variety of different biological processes. These findings lay a foundation for better understanding the molecular basis by which resistant tomato lines respond to Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Shi
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325006, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Deju Shui
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325006, China
| | - Shiwen Su
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325006, China
| | - Zili Xiong
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325006, China.
| | - Wenshan Zai
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325006, China.
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Reim S, Emeriewen OF, Peil A, Flachowsky H. Deciphering the Mechanism of Tolerance to Apple Replant Disease Using a Genetic Mapping Approach in a Malling 9 × M. × robusta 5 Population Identifies SNP Markers Linked to Candidate Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076307. [PMID: 37047278 PMCID: PMC10094387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Apple replant disease (ARD) is a worldwide economic risk in apple production. Although several studies have shown that the wild apple accession Malus × robusta 5 (Mr5) is ARD-tolerant, the genetics of this tolerance have not yet been elucidated. A genetic mapping approach with a biparental population derived from contrasting parents involving molecular markers provides a means for marker-assisted selection of genetically complex traits and for determining candidate genes. In this study, we crossed the ARD-tolerant wild apple accession Mr5 and the ARD-susceptible rootstock ‘M9’ and analyzed the resultant progeny for ARD tolerance. Hence, a high-density genetic map using a tunable genotyping-by-sequencing (tGBS) approach was established. A total of 4804 SNPs together with 77 SSR markers were included in the parental maps comprising 17 linkage groups. The phenotypic responses to ARD were evaluated for 106 offspring and classified by an ARD-susceptibility index (ASI). A Kruskal–Wallis test identified SNP markers and one SSR marker on linkage groups (LG) 6 and 2 that correlated with ARD tolerance. We found nine candidate genes linked with these markers, which may be associated with plant response to ARD. These candidate genes provide some insight into the defense mechanisms against ARD and should be studied in more detail.
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35
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Lv G, Zhang Y, Ma L, Yan X, Yuan M, Chen J, Cheng Y, Yang X, Qiao Q, Zhang L, Niaz M, Sun X, Zhang Q, Zhong S, Chen F. A cell wall invertase modulates resistance to fusarium crown rot and sharp eyespot in common wheat. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36912577 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium crown rot (FCR) and sharp eyespot (SE) are serious soil-borne diseases in wheat and its relatives that have been reported to cause wheat yield losses in many areas. In this study, the expression of a cell wall invertase gene, TaCWI-B1, was identified to be associated with FCR resistance through a combination of bulk segregant RNA sequencing and genome resequencing in a recombinant inbred line population. Two bi-parental populations were developed to further verify TaCWI-B1 association with FCR resistance. Overexpression lines and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutants revealed TaCWI-B1 positively regulating FCR resistance. Determination of cell wall thickness and components showed that the TaCWI-B1-overexpression lines exhibited considerably increased thickness and pectin and cellulose contents. Furthermore, we found that TaCWI-B1 directly interacted with an alpha-galactosidase (TaGAL). EMS mutants showed that TaGAL negatively modulated FCR resistance. The expression of TaGAL is negatively correlated with TaCWI-B1 levels, thus may reduce mannan degradation in the cell wall, consequently leading to thickening of the cell wall. Additionally, TaCWI-B1-overexpression lines and TaGAL mutants showed higher resistance to SE; however, TaCWI-B1 mutants were more susceptible to SE than controls. This study provides insights into a FCR and SE resistance gene to combat soil-borne diseases in common wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguo Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Lin Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiangning Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Mingjie Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yongzhen Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Qi Qiao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Mohsin Niaz
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiaonan Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Qijun Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Shaobin Zhong
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
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Liu C, Yu H, Voxeur A, Rao X, Dixon RA. FERONIA and wall-associated kinases coordinate defense induced by lignin modification in plant cell walls. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf7714. [PMID: 36897948 PMCID: PMC10005186 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf7714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Altering the content or composition of the cell wall polymer lignin is a favored approach to valorize lignin toward biomaterial and chemical production in the biorefinery. However, modifying lignin or cellulose in transgenic plants can induce expression of defense responses and negatively affect growth. Through genetic screening for suppressors of defense gene induction in the low lignin ccr1-3 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, we found that loss of function of the receptor-like kinase FERONIA, although not restoring growth, affected cell wall remodeling and blocked release of elicitor-active pectic polysaccharides as a result of the ccr1-3 mutation. Loss of function of multiple wall-associated kinases prevented perception of these elicitors. The elicitors are likely heterogeneous, with tri-galacturonic acid the smallest but not necessarily the most active component. Engineering of plant cell walls will require development of ways to bypass endogenous pectin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311428, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Hasi Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311428, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Aline Voxeur
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Xiaolan Rao
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311428, Denton, TX 76203, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, No.368, Friendship Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430062, China
| | - Richard A. Dixon
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311428, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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Shi H, Liu Y, Ding A, Wang W, Sun Y. Induced defense strategies of plants against Ralstonia solanacearum. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1059799. [PMID: 36778883 PMCID: PMC9910360 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1059799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to Ralstonia solanacearum infestation through two layers of immune system (PTI and ETI). This process involves the production of plant-induced resistance. Strategies for inducing resistance in plants include the formation of tyloses, gels, and callose and changes in the content of cell wall components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, and suberin in response to pathogen infestation. When R. solanacearum secrete cell wall degrading enzymes, plants also sense the status of cell wall fragments through the cell wall integrity (CWI) system, which activates deep-seated defense responses. In addition, plants also fight against R. solanacearum infestation by regulating the distribution of metabolic networks to increase the production of resistant metabolites and reduce the production of metabolites that are easily exploited by R. solanacearum. We review the strategies used by plants to induce resistance in response to R. solanacearum infestation. In particular, we highlight the importance of plant-induced physical and chemical defenses as well as cell wall defenses in the fight against R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- The Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Anming Ding
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhe Sun
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Jose J, Éva C, Bozsó Z, Hamow KÁ, Fekete Z, Fábián A, Bánfalvi Z, Sági L. Global transcriptome and targeted metabolite analyses of roots reveal different defence mechanisms against Ralstonia solanacearum infection in two resistant potato cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1065419. [PMID: 36733596 PMCID: PMC9889091 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1065419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), the causal agent of bacterial wilt disease in an unusually wide range of host plants, including potato (Solanum tuberosum), is one of the most destructive phytopathogens that seriously reduces crop yields worldwide. Identification of defence mechanisms underlying bacterial wilt resistance is a prerequisite for biotechnological approaches to resistance breeding. Resistance to Rs has been reported only in a few potato landraces and cultivars. Our in vitro inoculation bioassays confirmed that the cultivars 'Calalo Gaspar' (CG) and 'Cruza 148' (CR) are resistant to Rs infection. Comparative transcriptome analyses of CG and CR roots, as well as of the roots of an Rs-susceptible cultivar, 'Désirée' (DES), were carried out two days after Rs infection, in parallel with their respective noninfected controls. In CR and DES, the upregulation of chitin interactions and cell wall-related genes was detected. The phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism pathways were induced only in CR, as confirmed by high levels of lignification over the whole stele in CR roots six days after Rs infection. At the same time, Rs infection greatly increased the concentrations of chlorogenic acid and quercetin derivatives in CG roots as it was detected using ultra-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. Characteristic increases in the expression of MAP kinase signalling pathway genes and in the concentrations of jasmonic, salicylic, abscisic and indoleacetic acid were measured in DES roots. These results indicate different Rs defence mechanisms in the two resistant potato cultivars and a different response to Rs infection in the susceptible cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeny Jose
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Plant Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Csaba Éva
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bozsó
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kamirán Áron Hamow
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Plant Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Fekete
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Attila Fábián
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Bánfalvi
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - László Sági
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
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Swaminathan S, Lionetti V, Zabotina OA. Plant Cell Wall Integrity Perturbations and Priming for Defense. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11243539. [PMID: 36559656 PMCID: PMC9781063 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A plant cell wall is a highly complex structure consisting of networks of polysaccharides, proteins, and polyphenols that dynamically change during growth and development in various tissues. The cell wall not only acts as a physical barrier but also dynamically responds to disturbances caused by biotic and abiotic stresses. Plants have well-established surveillance mechanisms to detect any cell wall perturbations. Specific immune signaling pathways are triggered to contrast biotic or abiotic forces, including cascades dedicated to reinforcing the cell wall structure. This review summarizes the recent developments in molecular mechanisms underlying maintenance of cell wall integrity in plant-pathogen and parasitic interactions. Subjects such as the effect of altered expression of endogenous plant cell-wall-related genes or apoplastic expression of microbial cell-wall-modifying enzymes on cell wall integrity are covered. Targeted genetic modifications as a tool to study the potential of cell wall elicitors, priming of signaling pathways, and the outcome of disease resistance phenotypes are also discussed. The prime importance of understanding the intricate details and complete picture of plant immunity emerges, ultimately to engineer new strategies to improve crop productivity and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Swaminathan
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Olga A. Zabotina
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence:
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Rivera-Zuluaga K, Hiles R, Barua P, Caldwell D, Iyer-Pascuzzi AS. Getting to the root of Ralstonia invasion. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 148-149:3-12. [PMID: 36526528 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by soilborne pathogens are a major limiting factor in crop production. Bacterial wilt disease, caused by soilborne bacteria in the Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex (Ralstonia), results in significant crop loss throughout the world. Ralstonia invades root systems and colonizes plant xylem, changing plant physiology and ultimately causing plant wilting in susceptible varieties. Elucidating how Ralstonia invades and colonizes plants is central to developing strategies for crop protection. Here we review Ralstonia pathogenesis from root detection and attachment, early root colonization, xylem invasion and subsequent wilting. We focus primarily on studies in tomato from the last 5-10 years. Recent work has identified elegant mechanisms Ralstonia uses to adapt to the plant xylem, and has discovered new genes that function in Ralstonia fitness in planta. A picture is emerging of an amazingly versatile pathogen that uses multiple strategies to make its surrounding environment more hospitable and can adapt to new environments.
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41
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Ishida K, Noutoshi Y. The function of the plant cell wall in plant-microbe interactions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:273-284. [PMID: 36279746 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall is an interface of plant-microbe interactions. The ability of microbes to decompose cell wall polysaccharides contributes to microbial pathogenicity. Plants have evolved mechanisms to prevent cell wall degradation. However, the role of the cell wall in plant-microbe interactions is not well understood. Here, we discuss four functions of the plant cell wall-physical defence, storage of antimicrobial compounds, production of cell wall-derived elicitors, and provision of carbon sources-in the context of plant-microbe interactions. In addition, we discuss the four families of cell surface receptors associated with plant cell walls (malectin-like receptor kinase family, wall-associated kinase family, leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase family, and lysin motif receptor-like kinase family) that have been the subject of several important studies in recent years. This review summarises the findings on both plant cell wall and plant immunity, improving our understanding and may provide impetus to various researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konan Ishida
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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Takagi M, Hotamori K, Naito K, Matsukawa S, Egusa M, Nishizawa Y, Kanno Y, Seo M, Ifuku S, Mine A, Kaminaka H. Chitin-induced systemic disease resistance in rice requires both OsCERK1 and OsCEBiP and is mediated via perturbation of cell-wall biogenesis in leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1064628. [PMID: 36518504 PMCID: PMC9742455 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1064628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is a well-known elicitor of disease resistance and its recognition by plants is crucial to perceive fungal infections. Chitin can induce both a local immune response and a systemic disease resistance when provided as a supplement in soils. Unlike local immune responses, it is poorly explored how chitin-induced systemic disease resistance is developed. In this study, we report the systemic induction of disease resistance against the fungal pathogen Bipolaris oryzae by chitin supplementation of soils in rice. The transcriptome analysis uncovered genes related to cell-wall biogenesis, cytokinin signaling, regulation of phosphorylation, and defence priming in the development of chitin-induced systemic response. Alterations of cell-wall composition were observed in leaves of rice plants grown in chitin-supplemented soils, and the disease resistance against B. oryzae was increased in rice leaves treated with a cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor. The disruption of genes for lysin motif (LysM)-containing chitin receptors, OsCERK1 (Chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1) and OsCEBiP (Chitin elicitor-binding protein), compromised chitin-induced systemic disease resistance against B. oryzae and differential expression of chitin-induced genes found in wild-type rice plants. These findings suggest that chitin-induced systemic disease resistance in rice is caused by a perturbation of cell-wall biogenesis in leaves through long-distance signalling after local recognition of chitins by OsCERK1 and OsCEBiP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Takagi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kei Hotamori
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Keigo Naito
- Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Sumire Matsukawa
- Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mayumi Egusa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yoko Nishizawa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuri Kanno
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ifuku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Unused Bioresource Utilization Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Akira Mine
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Hironori Kaminaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Unused Bioresource Utilization Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Sweetman C, Waterman CD, Wong DC, Day DA, Jenkins CL, Soole KL. Altering the balance between AOX1A and NDB2 expression affects a common set of transcripts in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:876843. [PMID: 36466234 PMCID: PMC9716356 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.876843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stress-responsive components of the mitochondrial alternative electron transport pathway have the capacity to improve tolerance of plants to abiotic stress, particularly the alternative oxidase AOX1A but also external NAD(P)H dehydrogenases such as NDB2, in Arabidopsis. NDB2 and AOX1A can cooperate to entirely circumvent the classical electron transport chain in Arabidopsis mitochondria. Overexpression of AOX1A or NDB2 alone can have slightly negative impacts on plant growth under optimal conditions, while simultaneous overexpression of NDB2 and AOX1A can reverse these phenotypic effects. We have taken a global transcriptomic approach to better understand the molecular shifts that occur due to overexpression of AOX1A alone and with concomitant overexpression of NDB2. Of the transcripts that were significantly up- or down- regulated in the AOX1A overexpression line compared to wild type (410 and 408, respectively), the majority (372 and 337, respectively) reverted to wild type levels in the dual overexpression line. Several mechanisms for the AOX1A overexpression phenotype are proposed based on the functional classification of these 709 genes, which can be used to guide future experiments. Only 28 genes were uniquely up- or down-regulated when NDB2 was overexpressed in the AOX1A overexpression line. On the other hand, many unique genes were deregulated in the NDB2 knockout line. Furthermore, several changes in transcript abundance seen in the NDB2 knockout line were consistent with changes in the AOX1A overexpression line. The results suggest that an imbalance in AOX1A:NDB2 protein levels caused by under- or over-expression of either component, triggers a common set of transcriptional responses that may be important in mitochondrial redox regulation. The most significant changes were transcripts associated with photosynthesis, secondary metabolism and oxidative stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | | | - Darren C.J. Wong
- College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - David A. Day
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Colin L.D. Jenkins
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Kathleen L. Soole
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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Liu X, Yin Z, Wang Y, Cao S, Yao W, Liu J, Lu X, Wang F, Zhang G, Xiao Y, Tang W, Deng H. Rice cellulose synthase-like protein OsCSLD4 coordinates the trade-off between plant growth and defense. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:980424. [PMID: 36226281 PMCID: PMC9548992 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.980424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell wall is a complex and changeable structure, which is very important for plant growth and development. It is clear that cell wall polysaccharide synthases have critical functions in rice growth and abiotic stress, yet their role in plant response to pathogen invasion is poorly understood. Here, we describe a dwarf and narrowed leaf in Hejiang 19 (dnl19) mutant in rice, which shows multiple growth defects such as reduced plant height, enlarged lamina joint angle, curled leaf morphology, and a decrease in panicle length and seed setting. MutMap analysis, genetic complementation and gene knockout mutant show that cellulose synthase-like D4 (OsCSLD4) is the causal gene for DNL19. Loss function of OsCSLD4 leads to a constitutive activation of defense response in rice. After inoculation with rice blast and bacterial blight, dnl19 displays an enhanced disease resistance. Widely targeted metabolomics analysis reveals that disruption of OsCSLD4 in dnl19 resulted in significant increase of L-valine, L-asparagine, L-histidine, L-alanine, gentisic acid, but significant decrease of L-aspartic acid, malic acid, 6-phosphogluconic acid, glucose 6-phosphate, galactose 1-phosphate, gluconic acid, D-aspartic acid. Collectively, our data reveals the importance of OsCSLD4 in balancing the trade-off between rice growth and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongliang Yin
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha, China
| | - Sai Cao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Yao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuedan Lu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha, China
| | - Guilian Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha, China
| | - Yunhua Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbang Tang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha, China
- Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Changsha, China
| | - Huabing Deng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance, Changsha, China
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Liu X, Bai Y, Zhang Z. Priming defense by transiently suppressing plant susceptibility genes in ornamental crops: A novel strategy for post-harvest diseases management. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1025165. [PMID: 36186046 PMCID: PMC9520194 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1025165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Bai
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Ma Y, Stafford L, Ratcliffe J, Bacic A, Johnson KL. WAKL8 Regulates Arabidopsis Stem Secondary Wall Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2297. [PMID: 36079678 PMCID: PMC9460275 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wall-associated kinases/kinase-likes (WAKs/WAKLs) are plant cell surface sensors. A variety of studies have revealed the important functions of WAKs/WAKLs in regulating cell expansion and defense in cells with primary cell walls. Less is known about their roles during the development of the secondary cell walls (SCWs) that are present in xylem vessel (XV) and interfascicular fiber (IF) cells. In this study, we used RNA-seq data to screen Arabidopsis thaliana WAKs/WAKLs members that may be involved in SCW development and identified WAKL8 as a candidate. We obtained T-DNA insertion mutants wakl8-1 (inserted at the promoter region) and wakl8-2 (inserted at the first exon) and compared the phenotypes to wild-type (WT) plants. Decreased WAKL8 transcript levels in stems were found in the wakl8-2 mutant plants, and the phenotypes observed included reduced stem length and thinner walls in XV and IFs compared with those in the WT plants. Cell wall analysis showed no significant changes in the crystalline cellulose or lignin content in mutant stems compared with those in the WT. We found that WAKL8 had alternative spliced versions predicted to have only extracellular regions, which may interfere with the function of the full-length version of WAKL8. Our results suggest WAKL8 can regulate SCW thickening in Arabidopsis stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Ma
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Luke Stafford
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Julian Ratcliffe
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Antony Bacic
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Kim L. Johnson
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Huang X, Huang X, Guo L, He L, Xiao D, Zhan J, Wang A, Liang R. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into the Resistance in Pueraria [ Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi] in Response to Pseudo-Rust Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5223. [PMID: 35563613 PMCID: PMC9101505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pueraria lobata is an important medicinal and edible homologous plant that is widely cultivated in Asian countries. However, its production and quality are seriously threatened by its susceptibility to pseudo-rust disease. The underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly known, particularly from a transcriptional perspective. Pseudo-rust disease is a major disease in pueraria, primarily caused by Synchytrium puerariae Miy (SpM). In this study, transcriptomic profiles were analyzed and compared between two pueraria varieties: the disease-resistant variety (GUIGE18) and the susceptible variety (GUIGE8). The results suggest that the number of DEGs in GUIGE18 is always more than in GUIGE8 at each of the three time points after SpM infection, indicating that their responses to SpM infection may be different, and that the active response of GUIGE18 to SpM infection may occur earlier than that of GUIGE8. A total of 7044 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and 406 co-expressed DEGs were screened out. Transcription factor analysis among the DEGs revealed that the bHLH, WRKY, ERF, and MYB families may play an important role in the interaction between pueraria and pathogens. A GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these DEGs showed that they were mainly involved in the following pathways: metabolic, defense response, plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway-plant, plant pathogen interaction, flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The CPK, CESA, PME, and CYP gene families may play important roles in the early stages after SpM infection. The DEGs that encode antioxidase (CAT, XDH, and SOD) were much more up-regulated. Defense enzyme activity, endogenous hormones, and flavonoid content changed significantly in the two varieties at the three infection stages. Finally, we speculated on the regulatory pathways of pueraria pseudo-rust and found that an oxidation-reduction process, flavonoid biosynthesis, and ABA signaling genes may be associated with the response to SpM infection in pueraria. These results expand the understanding of pueraria resistance and physiological regulations by multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Huang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.H.); (X.H.); (L.G.); (L.H.); (D.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.H.); (X.H.); (L.G.); (L.H.); (D.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Lijun Guo
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.H.); (X.H.); (L.G.); (L.H.); (D.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Longfei He
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.H.); (X.H.); (L.G.); (L.H.); (D.X.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.H.); (X.H.); (L.G.); (L.H.); (D.X.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jie Zhan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.H.); (X.H.); (L.G.); (L.H.); (D.X.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.H.); (X.H.); (L.G.); (L.H.); (D.X.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Renfan Liang
- Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Kashyap A, Jiménez-Jiménez ÁL, Zhang W, Capellades M, Srinivasan S, Laromaine A, Serra O, Figueras M, Rencoret J, Gutiérrez A, Valls M, Coll NS. Induced ligno-suberin vascular coating and tyramine-derived hydroxycinnamic acid amides restrict Ralstonia solanacearum colonization in resistant tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1411-1429. [PMID: 35152435 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tomato varieties resistant to the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum have the ability to restrict bacterial movement in the plant. Inducible vascular cell wall reinforcements seem to play a key role in confining R. solanacearum into the xylem vasculature of resistant tomato. However, the type of compounds involved in such vascular physico-chemical barriers remain understudied, while being a key component of resistance. Here we use a combination of histological and live-imaging techniques, together with spectroscopy and gene expression analysis to understand the nature of R. solanacearum-induced formation of vascular coatings in resistant tomato. We describe that resistant tomato specifically responds to infection by assembling a vascular structural barrier formed by a ligno-suberin coating and tyramine-derived hydroxycinnamic acid amides. Further, we show that overexpressing genes of the ligno-suberin pathway in a commercial susceptible variety of tomato restricts R. solanacearum movement inside the plant and slows disease progression, enhancing resistance to the pathogen. We propose that the induced barrier in resistant plants does not only restrict the movement of the pathogen, but may also prevent cell wall degradation by the pathogen and confer anti-microbial properties, effectively contributing to resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Kashyap
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Weiqi Zhang
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montserrat Capellades
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08001, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sumithra Srinivasan
- Institute of Material Science of Barcelona (ICMAB), CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Laromaine
- Institute of Material Science of Barcelona (ICMAB), CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Olga Serra
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Mercè Figueras
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Jorge Rencoret
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville (IRNAS), CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville (IRNAS), CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Marc Valls
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria S Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08001, Barcelona, Spain
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MacIntyre AM, Meline V, Gorman Z, Augustine SP, Dye CJ, Hamilton CD, Iyer-Pascuzzi AS, Kolomiets MV, McCulloh KA, Allen C. Trehalose increases tomato drought tolerance, induces defenses, and increases resistance to bacterial wilt disease. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266254. [PMID: 35476629 PMCID: PMC9045674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt disease, leading to severe crop losses. Xylem sap from R. solanacearum-infected tomato is enriched in the disaccharide trehalose. Water-stressed plants also accumulate trehalose, which increases drought tolerance via abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Because R. solanacearum-infected plants suffer reduced water flow, we hypothesized that bacterial wilt physiologically mimics drought stress, which trehalose could mitigate. We found that R. solanacearum-infected plants differentially expressed drought-associated genes, including those involved in ABA and trehalose metabolism, and had more ABA in xylem sap. Consistent with this, treating tomato roots with ABA reduced both stomatal conductance and stem colonization by R. solanacearum. Treating roots with trehalose increased xylem sap ABA and reduced plant water use by lowering stomatal conductance and temporarily improving water use efficiency. Trehalose treatment also upregulated expression of salicylic acid (SA)-dependent tomato defense genes; increased xylem sap levels of SA and other antimicrobial compounds; and increased bacterial wilt resistance of SA-insensitive NahG tomato plants. Additionally, trehalose treatment increased xylem concentrations of jasmonic acid and related oxylipins. Finally, trehalose-treated plants were substantially more resistant to bacterial wilt disease. Together, these data show that exogenous trehalose reduced both water stress and bacterial wilt disease and triggered systemic disease resistance, possibly through a Damage Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMP) response pathway. This suite of responses revealed unexpected linkages between plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress and suggested that R. solanacearum-infected plants increase trehalose to improve water use efficiency and increase wilt disease resistance. The pathogen may degrade trehalose to counter these efforts. Together, these results suggest that treating tomatoes with exogenous trehalose could be a practical strategy for bacterial wilt management.
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Affiliation(s)
- April M. MacIntyre
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Valerian Meline
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Zachary Gorman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Steven P. Augustine
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Carolyn J. Dye
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Corri D. Hamilton
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Anjali S. Iyer-Pascuzzi
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Kolomiets
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. McCulloh
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Caitilyn Allen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Dora S, Terrett OM, Sánchez-Rodríguez C. Plant-microbe interactions in the apoplast: Communication at the plant cell wall. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1532-1550. [PMID: 35157079 PMCID: PMC9048882 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The apoplast is a continuous plant compartment that connects cells between tissues and organs and is one of the first sites of interaction between plants and microbes. The plant cell wall occupies most of the apoplast and is composed of polysaccharides and associated proteins and ions. This dynamic part of the cell constitutes an essential physical barrier and a source of nutrients for the microbe. At the same time, the plant cell wall serves important functions in the interkingdom detection, recognition, and response to other organisms. Thus, both plant and microbe modify the plant cell wall and its environment in versatile ways to benefit from the interaction. We discuss here crucial processes occurring at the plant cell wall during the contact and communication between microbe and plant. Finally, we argue that these local and dynamic changes need to be considered to fully understand plant-microbe interactions.
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