1
|
Asad MAU, Guan X, Zhou L, Qian Z, Yan Z, Cheng F. Involvement of plant signaling network and cell metabolic homeostasis in nitrogen deficiency-induced early leaf senescence. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111855. [PMID: 37678563 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a basic building block that plays an essential role in the maintenance of normal plant growth and its metabolic functions through complex regulatory networks. Such the N metabolic network comprises a series of transcription factors (TFs), with the coordinated actions of phytohormone and sugar signaling to sustain cell homeostasis. The fluctuating N concentration in plant tissues alters the sensitivity of several signaling pathways to stressful environments and regulates the senescent-associated changes in cellular structure and metabolic process. Here, we review recent advances in the interaction between N assimilation and carbon metabolism in response to N deficiency and its regulation to the nutrient remobilization from source to sink during leaf senescence. The regulatory networks of N and sugar signaling for N deficiency-induced leaf senescence is further discussed to explain the effects of N deficiency on chloroplast disassembly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, asparagine metabolism, sugar transport, autophagy process, Ca2+ signaling, circadian clock response, brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZRI), and other stress cell signaling. A comprehensive understanding for the metabolic mechanism and regulatory network underlying N deficiency-induced leaf senescence may provide a theoretical guide to optimize the source-sink relationship during grain filling for the achievement of high yield by a selection of crop cultivars with the properly prolonged lifespan of functional leaves and/or by appropriate agronomic managements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asad Ullah Asad
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianyue Guan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lujian Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhao Qian
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Yan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangmin Cheng
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zanin L, Tomasi N, Casagrande D, Danuso F, Buoso S, Zamboni A, Varanini Z, Pinton R, Blanchini F. A mechanistic mathematical model for describing and predicting the dynamics of high-affinity nitrate intake into roots of maize and other plant species. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14021. [PMID: 37882311 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
A fully mechanistic dynamical model for plant nitrate uptake is presented. Based on physiological and regulatory pathways and based on physical laws, we form a dynamic system mathematically described by seven differential equations. The model evidences the presence of a short-term positive feedback on the high-affinity nitrate uptake, triggered by the presence of nitrate around the roots, which induces its intaking. In the long run, this positive feedback is overridden by two long-term negative feedback loops which drastically reduces the nitrate uptake capacity. These two negative feedbacks are due to the generation of ammonium and amino acids, respectively, and inhibit the synthesis and the activity of high-affinity nitrate transporters. This model faithfully predicts the typical spiking behavior of the nitrate uptake, in which an initial strong increase of nitrate absorption capacity is followed by a drop, which regulates the absorption down to the initial value. The model outcome was compared with experimental data and they fit quite nicely. The model predicts that after the initial exposure of the roots with nitrate, the absorption of the anion strongly increases and that, on the contrary, the intensity of the absorption is limited in presence of ammonium around the roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zanin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Casagrande
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Danuso
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Sara Buoso
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Anita Zamboni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Zeno Varanini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Franco Blanchini
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Informatica e Fisica, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bailey M, Hsieh EJ, Tsai HH, Ravindran A, Schmidt W. Alkalinity modulates a unique suite of genes to recalibrate growth and pH homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1100701. [PMID: 37457359 PMCID: PMC10348880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline soils pose a conglomerate of constraints to plants, restricting the growth and fitness of non-adapted species in habitats with low active proton concentrations. To thrive under such conditions, plants have to compensate for a potential increase in cytosolic pH and restricted softening of the cell wall to invigorate cell elongation in a proton-depleted environment. To discern mechanisms that aid in the adaptation to external pH, we grew plants on media with pH values ranging from 5.5 to 8.5. Growth was severely restricted above pH 6.5 and associated with decreasing chlorophyll levels at alkaline pH. Bicarbonate treatment worsened plant performance, suggesting effects that differ from those exerted by pH as such. Transcriptional profiling of roots subjected to short-term transfer from optimal (pH 5.5) to alkaline (pH 7.5) media unveiled a large set of differentially expressed genes that were partially congruent with genes affected by low pH, bicarbonate, and nitrate, but showed only a very small overlap with genes responsive to the availability of iron. Further analysis of selected genes disclosed pronounced responsiveness of their expression over a wide range of external pH values. Alkalinity altered the expression of various proton/anion co-transporters, possibly to recalibrate cellular proton homeostasis. Co-expression analysis of pH-responsive genes identified a module of genes encoding proteins with putative functions in the regulation of root growth, which appears to be conserved in plants subjected to low pH or bicarbonate. Our analysis provides an inventory of pH-sensitive genes and allows comprehensive insights into processes that are orchestrated by external pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitylene Bailey
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - En-Jung Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arya Ravindran
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rahmat Z, Sohail MN, Perrine-Walker F, Kaiser BN. Balancing nitrate acquisition strategies in symbiotic legumes. PLANTA 2023; 258:12. [PMID: 37296318 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Legumes manage both symbiotic (indirect) and non-symbiotic (direct) nitrogen acquisition pathways. Understanding and optimising the direct pathway for nitrate uptake will support greater legume growth and seed yields. Legumes have multiple pathways to acquire reduced nitrogen to grow and set seed. Apart from the symbiotic N2-fixation pathway involving soil-borne rhizobia bacteria, the acquisition of nitrate and ammonia from the soil can also be an important secondary nitrogen source to meet plant N demand. The balance in N delivery between symbiotic N (indirect) and inorganic N uptake (direct) remains less clear over the growing cycle and with the type of legume under cultivation. In fertile, pH balanced agricultural soils, NO3- is often the predominant form of reduced N available to crop plants and will be a major contributor to whole plant N supply if provided at sufficient levels. The transport processes for NO3- uptake into legume root cells and its transport between root and shoot tissues involves both high and low-affinity transport systems called HATS and LATS, respectively. These proteins are regulated by external NO3- availability and by the N status of the cell. Other proteins also play a role in NO3- transport, including the voltage dependent chloride/nitrate channel family (CLC) and the S-type anion channels of the SLAC/SLAH family. CLC's are linked to NO3- transport across the tonoplast of vacuoles and the SLAC/SLAH's with NO3- efflux across the plasma membrane and out of the cell. An important step in managing the N requirements of a plant are the mechanisms involved in root N uptake and the subsequent cellular distribution within the plant. In this review, we will present the current knowledge of these proteins and what is understood on how they function in key model legumes (Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and Glycine sp.). The review will examine their regulation and role in N signalling, discuss how post-translational modification affects NO3- transport in roots and aerial tissues and its translocation to vegetative tissues and storage/remobilization in reproductive tissues. Lastly, we will present how NO3-influences the autoregulation of nodulation and nitrogen fixation and its role in mitigating salt and other abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Rahmat
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, NSW, 2570, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Muhammad N Sohail
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, NSW, 2570, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Francine Perrine-Walker
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, NSW, 2570, Australia.
| | - Brent N Kaiser
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, NSW, 2570, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ninkuu V, Liu Z, Sun X. Genetic regulation of nitrogen use efficiency in Gossypium spp. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1749-1773. [PMID: 36942358 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the most important fibre crop, with desirable characteristics preferred for textile production. Cotton fibre output relies heavily on nitrate as the most important source of inorganic nitrogen (N). However, nitrogen dynamics in extreme environments limit plant growth and lead to yield loss and pollution. Therefore, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), which involves the utilisation of the 'right rate', 'right source', 'right time', and 'right place' (4Rs), is key for efficient N management. Recent omics techniques have genetically improved NUE in crops. We herein highlight the mechanisms of N uptake and assimilation in the vegetative and reproductive branches of the cotton plant while considering the known and unknown regulatory factors. The phylogenetic relationships among N transporters in four Gossypium spp. have been reviewed. Further, the N regulatory genes that participate in xylem transport and phloem loading are also discussed. In addition, the functions of microRNAs and transcription factors in modulating the expression of target N regulatory genes are highlighted. Overall, this review provides a detailed perspective on the complex N regulatory mechanism in cotton, which would accelerate the research toward improving NUE in crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ninkuu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xuwu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang M, Zhang W, Zheng Z, Zhang Z, Hua B, Liu J, Miao M. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of NPF Genes in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1252. [PMID: 36986940 PMCID: PMC10057324 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER family (NPF) proteins perform an essential role in regulating plant nitrate absorption and distribution and in improving plant nitrogen use efficiency. In this study, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) NPF genes were comprehensively analyzed at the whole genome level, and 54 NPF genes were found to be unevenly distributed on seven chromosomes in the cucumber genome. The phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes could be divided into eight subfamilies. We renamed all CsNPF genes according to the international nomenclature, based on their homology with AtNPF genes. By surveying the expression profiles of CsNPF genes in various tissues, we found that CsNPF6.4 was specifically expressed in roots, indicating that CsNPF6.4 may play a role in N absorption; CsNPF6.3 was highly expressed in petioles, which may be related to NO3- storage in petioles; and CsNPF2.8 was highly expressed in fruits, which may promote NO3- transport to the embryos. We further examined their expression patterns under different abiotic stress and nitrogen conditions, and found that CsNPF7.2 and CsNPF7.3 responded to salt, cold, and low nitrogen stress. Taken together, our study lays a foundation for further exploration of the molecular and physiological functions of cucumber nitrate transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bing Hua
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiexia Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Minmin Miao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aluko OO, Kant S, Adedire OM, Li C, Yuan G, Liu H, Wang Q. Unlocking the potentials of nitrate transporters at improving plant nitrogen use efficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1074839. [PMID: 36895876 PMCID: PMC9989036 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1074839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate ( NO 3 - ) transporters have been identified as the primary targets involved in plant nitrogen (N) uptake, transport, assimilation, and remobilization, all of which are key determinants of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, less attention has been directed toward the influence of plant nutrients and environmental cues on the expression and activities of NO 3 - transporters. To better understand how these transporters function in improving plant NUE, this review critically examined the roles of NO 3 - transporters in N uptake, transport, and distribution processes. It also described their influence on crop productivity and NUE, especially when co-expressed with other transcription factors, and discussed these transporters' functional roles in helping plants cope with adverse environmental conditions. We equally established the possible impacts of NO 3 - transporters on the uptake and utilization efficiency of other plant nutrients while suggesting possible strategic approaches to improving NUE in plants. Understanding the specificity of these determinants is crucial to achieving better N utilization efficiency in crops within a given environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Olayemi Aluko
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Surya Kant
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Chuanzong Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haobao Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou Y, Pang Z, Jia H, Yuan Z, Ming R. Responses of roots and rhizosphere of female papaya to the exogenous application of GA 3. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:35. [PMID: 36642722 PMCID: PMC9841646 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-04025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous GAs have an indeterminate effect on root development. Our current study used female papaya to reveal how the roots and rhizosphere respond to the exogenous application of GA3 by investigating the transcriptome profile in roots, metabolic profile and microbial community in both roots and rhizosphere of GA3-treated and control female papaya. The results demonstrated that exogenous GA3 treatment enhanced female papaya lateral root development, which gave plants physical advantages of water and nutrient uptake. In addition, it was likely that GA3 spraying in papaya shoot apices increased the level of auxin, which was transported to roots by CpPIN1, where auxin upregulated CpLBD16 and repressed CpBP to promote the lateral root initiation and development. In papaya roots, corresponding transporters (CpTMT3, CpNRT1:2, CpPHT1;4, CpINT2, CpCOPT2, CpABCB11, CpNIP4;1) were upregulated and excretion transporters were downregulated such as CpNAXT1 for water and nutrients uptake with exogenous GA3 application. Moreover, in GA3-treated papaya roots, CpALS3 and CpMYB62 were downregulated, indicating a stronger abiotic resistance to aluminum toxic and phosphate starvation. On the other hand, BRs and JAs, which involve in defense responses, were enriched in the roots and rhizosphere of GA3-treated papayas. The upregulation of the two hormones might result in the reduction of pathogens in roots and rhizosphere such as Colletotrichum and Verticillium. GA3-treated female papaya increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria species including Mycobacterium, Mitsuaria, and Actinophytocola, but decreased that of the genera Candidatus and Bryobacter for that it required less nitrate. Overall, the roots and rhizosphere of female papaya positively respond to exogenous application of GA3 to promote development and stress tolerance. Treatment of female papaya with GA3 might result in the promotion of lateral root formation and development by upregulating CpLBD16 and downregulating CpBP. GA3-treated papaya roots exhibited feedback control of brassinolide and jasmonate signaling in root development and defense. These findings revealed complex response to a growth hormone treatment in papaya roots and rhizosphere and will lead to investigations on the impact of other plant hormones on belowground development in papaya.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Zhou
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Ziqin Pang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Zhaonian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ray Ming
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Garcia A, Gaju O, Bowerman AF, Buck SA, Evans JR, Furbank RT, Gilliham M, Millar AH, Pogson BJ, Reynolds MP, Ruan Y, Taylor NL, Tyerman SD, Atkin OK. Enhancing crop yields through improvements in the efficiency of photosynthesis and respiration. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:60-77. [PMID: 36251512 PMCID: PMC10100352 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The rate with which crop yields per hectare increase each year is plateauing at the same time that human population growth and other factors increase food demand. Increasing yield potential (Y p ) of crops is vital to address these challenges. In this review, we explore a component ofY p that has yet to be optimised - that being improvements in the efficiency with which light energy is converted into biomass (ε c ) via modifications to CO2 fixed per unit quantum of light (α), efficiency of respiratory ATP production (ε prod ) and efficiency of ATP use (ε use ). For α, targets include changes in photoprotective machinery, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase kinetics and photorespiratory pathways. There is also potential forε prod to be increased via targeted changes to the expression of the alternative oxidase and mitochondrial uncoupling pathways. Similarly, there are possibilities to improveε use via changes to the ATP costs of phloem loading, nutrient uptake, futile cycles and/or protein/membrane turnover. Recently developed high-throughput measurements of respiration can serve as a proxy for the cumulative energy cost of these processes. There are thus exciting opportunities to use our growing knowledge of factors influencing the efficiency of photosynthesis and respiration to create a step-change in yield potential of globally important crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andres Garcia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Oorbessy Gaju
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- College of Science, Lincoln Institute for Agri‐Food TechnologyUniversity of LincolnLincolnshireLN2 2LGUK
| | - Andrew F. Bowerman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Sally A. Buck
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - John R. Evans
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Robert T. Furbank
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA5064Australia
| | - A. Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences & Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA6009Australia
| | - Barry J. Pogson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Matthew P. Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)Km. 45, Carretera Mexico, El BatanTexcoco56237Mexico
| | - Yong‐Ling Ruan
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Nicolas L. Taylor
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences & Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA6009Australia
| | - Stephen D. Tyerman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA5064Australia
| | - Owen K. Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cheng J, Tan H, Shan M, Duan M, Ye L, Yang Y, He L, Shen H, Yang Z, Wang X. Genome-wide identification and characterization of the NPF genes provide new insight into low nitrogen tolerance in Setaria. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1043832. [PMID: 36589108 PMCID: PMC9795848 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1043832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Nitrogen (N) is essential for plant growth and yield production and can be taken up from soil in the form of nitrate or peptides. The NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER family (NPF) genes play important roles in the uptake and transportation of these two forms of N. Methods Bioinformatic analysis was used to identify and characterize the NPF genes in Setaria. RNA-seq was employed to analyze time-series low nitrate stress response of the SiNPF genes. Yeast and Arabidopsis mutant complementation were used to test the nitrate transport ability of SiNRT1.1B1 and SiNRT1.1B2. Results We identified 92 and 88 putative NPF genes from foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) and its wild ancestor green foxtail (Setaria viridis L.), respectively. These NPF genes were divided into eight groups according to their sequence characteristics and phylogenetic relationship, with similar intron-exon structure and motifs in the same subfamily. Twenty-six tandem duplication and 13 segmental duplication events promoted the expansion of SiNPF gene family. Interestingly, we found that the tandem duplication of the SiNRT1.1B gene might contribute to low nitrogen tolerance of foxtail millet. The gene expression atlas showed that the SiNPFs were divided into two major clusters, which were mainly expressed in root and the above ground tissues, respectively. Time series transcriptomic analysis further revealed the response of these SiNPF genes to short- and long- time low nitrate stress. To provide natural variation of gene information, we carried out a haplotype analysis of these SiNPFs and identified 2,924 SNPs and 400 InDels based on the re-sequence data of 398 foxtail millet accessions. We also predicted the three-dimensional structure of the 92 SiNPFs and found that the conserved proline 492 residues were not in the substrate binding pocket. The interactions of SiNPF proteins withNO 3 - were analyzed using molecular docking and the pockets were then identified. We found that the SiNPFs-NO 3 - binding energy ranged from -3.8 to -2.7 kcal/mol. Discussion Taken together, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the NPF gene family in Setaria and will contribute to function dissection of these genes for crop breeding aimed at improving high nitrogen use efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Helin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Shan
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Mengmeng Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yulu Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Lu He
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Huimin Shen
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Zhirong Yang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Xingchun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nitrate availability controls translocation of the transcription factor NAC075 for cell-type-specific reprogramming of root growth. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2638-2651.e6. [PMID: 36473460 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant root architecture flexibly adapts to changing nitrate (NO3-) availability in the soil; however, the underlying molecular mechanism of this adaptive development remains under-studied. To explore the regulation of NO3--mediated root growth, we screened for low-nitrate-resistant mutant (lonr) and identified mutants that were defective in the NAC transcription factor NAC075 (lonr1) as being less sensitive to low NO3- in terms of primary root growth. We show that NAC075 is a mobile transcription factor relocating from the root stele tissues to the endodermis based on NO3- availability. Under low-NO3- availability, the kinase CBL-interacting protein kinase 1 (CIPK1) is activated, and it phosphorylates NAC075, restricting its movement from the stele, which leads to the transcriptional regulation of downstream target WRKY53, consequently leading to adapted root architecture. Our work thus identifies an adaptive mechanism involving translocation of transcription factor based on nutrient availability and leading to cell-specific reprogramming of plant root growth.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen M, Zhu K, Xie J, Liu J, Tan P, Peng F. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of AMT and NRT Gene Family in Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) Seedlings Revealed a Preference for NH4+-N. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113314. [PMID: 36362101 PMCID: PMC9655437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a major limiting factor for plant growth and crop production. The use of N fertilizer in forestry production is increasing each year, but the loss is substantial. Mastering the regulatory mechanisms of N uptake and transport is a key way to improve plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, this has rarely been studied in pecans. In this study, 10 AMT and 69 NRT gene family members were identified and systematically analyzed from the whole pecan genome using a bioinformatics approach, and the expression patterns of AMT and NRT genes and the uptake characteristics of NH4+ and NO3− in pecan were analyzed by aeroponic cultivation at varying NH4+/NO3− ratios (0/0, 0/100,25/75, 50/50, 75/25,100/0 as CK, T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5). The results showed that gene duplication was the main reason for the amplification of the AMT and NRT gene families in pecan, both of which experienced purifying selection. Based on qRT-PCR results, CiAMTs were primarily expressed in roots, and CiNRTs were majorly expressed in leaves, which were consistent with the distribution of pecan NH4+ and NO3− concentrations in the organs. The expression levels of CiAMTs and CiNRTs were mainly significantly upregulated under N deficiency and T4 treatment. Meanwhile, T4 treatment significantly increased the NH4+, NO3−, and NO2− concentrations as well as the Vmax and Km values of NH4+ and NO3− in pecans, and Vmax/Km indicated that pecan seedlings preferred to absorb NH4+. In summary, considering the single N source of T5, we suggested that the NH4+/NO3− ratio of 75:25 was more beneficial to improve the NUE of pecan, thus increasing pecan yield, which provides a theoretical basis for promoting the scale development of pecan and provides a basis for further identification of the functions of AMT and NRT genes in the N uptake and transport process of pecan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kaikai Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junyi Xie
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Ecology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junping Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Pengpeng Tan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fangren Peng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8542-7995
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chattha MS, Ali Q, Haroon M, Afzal MJ, Javed T, Hussain S, Mahmood T, Solanki MK, Umar A, Abbas W, Nasar S, Schwartz-Lazaro LM, Zhou L. Enhancement of nitrogen use efficiency through agronomic and molecular based approaches in cotton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:994306. [PMID: 36237509 PMCID: PMC9552886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is a major fiber crop grown worldwide. Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for cotton production and supports efficient crop production. It is a crucial nutrient that is required more than any other. Nitrogen management is a daunting task for plants; thus, various strategies, individually and collectively, have been adopted to improve its efficacy. The negative environmental impacts of excessive N application on cotton production have become harmful to consumers and growers. The 4R's of nutrient stewardship (right product, right rate, right time, and right place) is a newly developed agronomic practice that provides a solid foundation for achieving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in cotton production. Cropping systems are equally crucial for increasing production, profitability, environmental growth protection, and sustainability. This concept incorporates the right fertilizer source at the right rate, time, and place. In addition to agronomic practices, molecular approaches are equally important for improving cotton NUE. This could be achieved by increasing the efficacy of metabolic pathways at the cellular, organ, and structural levels and NUE-regulating enzymes and genes. This is a potential method to improve the role of N transporters in plants, resulting in better utilization and remobilization of N in cotton plants. Therefore, we suggest effective methods for accelerating NUE in cotton. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of agronomic and molecular approaches for improving NUE in cotton production, which benefits both the environment and growers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohaib Chattha
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Qurban Ali
- Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sadam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Mahmood
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Manoj K. Solanki
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aisha Umar
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Abbas
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanza Nasar
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Lauren M. Schwartz-Lazaro
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ponce OP, Torres Y, Prashar A, Buell R, Lozano R, Orjeda G, Compton L. Transcriptome profiling shows a rapid variety-specific response in two Andigenum potato varieties under drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1003907. [PMID: 36237505 PMCID: PMC9551401 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1003907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Potato is a drought-sensitive crop whose global sustainable production is threatened by alterations in water availability. Whilst ancestral Solanum tuberosum Andigenum landraces retain wild drought tolerance mechanisms, their molecular bases remain poorly understood. In this study, an aeroponic growth system was established to investigate stress responses in leaf and root of two Andigenum varieties with contrasting drought tolerance. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed widespread differences in the response of the two varieties at early and late time points of exposure to drought stress and in the recovery after rewatering. Major differences in the response of the two varieties occurred at the early time point, suggesting the speed of response is crucial. In the leaves and roots of the tolerant variety, we observed rapid upregulation of ABA-related genes, which did not occur until later in the susceptible variety and indicated not only more effective ABA synthesis and mobilization, but more effective feedback regulation to limit detrimental effects of too much ABA. Roots of both varieties showed differential expression of genes involved in cell wall reinforcement and remodeling to maintain cell wall strength, hydration and growth under drought stress, including genes involved in lignification and wall expansion, though the response was stronger in the tolerant variety. Such changes in leaf and root may help to limit water losses in the tolerant variety, while limiting the reduction in photosynthetic rate. These findings provide insights into molecular bases of drought tolerance mechanisms and pave the way for their reintroduction into modern cultivars with improved resistance to drought stress and yield stability under drought conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yerisf Torres
- Department of Plant Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Unidad de genómica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo (LID), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Ankush Prashar
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Buell
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Institute for Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, Center for Applied Genetic Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Roberto Lozano
- Unidad de genómica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo (LID), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Digital Science and Technology Department, Joyn Bio LLC, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gisella Orjeda
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Lindsey Compton
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rui W, Mao Z, Li Z. The Roles of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Nutrient Transporters in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11027. [PMID: 36232323 PMCID: PMC9570102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 80% of land plant species can form symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and nutrient transfer to plants is largely mediated through this partnership. Over the last few years, great progress has been made in deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the AM-mediated modulation of nutrient uptake progress, and a growing number of fungal and plant genes responsible for the uptake of nutrients from soil or transfer across the fungal-root interface have been identified. In this review, we outline the current concepts of nutrient exchanges within this symbiosis (mechanisms and regulation) and focus on P and N transfer from the fungal partner to the host plant, with a highlight on a possible interplay between P and N nutrient exchanges. Transporters belonging to the plant or AM fungi can synergistically process the transmembrane transport of soil nutrients to the symbiotic interface for further plant acquisition. Although much progress has been made to elucidate the complex mechanism for the integrated roles of nutrient transfers in AM symbiosis, questions still remain to be answered; for example, P and N transporters are less studied in different species of AM fungi; the involvement of AM fungi in plant N uptake is not as clearly defined as that of P; coordinated utilization of N and P is unknown; transporters of cultivated plants inoculated with AM fungi and transcriptomic and metabolomic networks at both the soil-fungi interface and fungi-plant interface have been insufficiently studied. These findings open new perspectives for fundamental research and application of AM fungi in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhifang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University (CAU), Haidian District, Yuanmingyuanxilu 2, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kanstrup C, Nour-Eldin HH. The emerging role of the nitrate and peptide transporter family: NPF in plant specialized metabolism. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102243. [PMID: 35709542 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The nitrate and peptide transporter family (NPF) is one of the largest transporter families in the plant kingdom. The name of the family reflects the substrates (nitrate and peptides) identified for the two founding members CHL1 and PTR2 from Arabidopsis thaliana almost 30 years ago. However, since then, the NPF has emerged as a hotspot for transporters with a wide range of crucial roles in plant specialized metabolism. Recent prominent examples include 1) controlling accumulation of antinutritional glucosinolates in Brassica seeds, 2) deposition of heat-stress tolerance flavonol diglucosides to pollen coats 3) production of anti-cancerous monoterpene indole alkaloid precursors in Catharanthus roseus and 4) detoxification of steroid glycoalkaloids in ripening tomatoes. In this review, we turn the spotlight on the emerging role of the NPF in plant specialized metabolism and its potential for improving crop traits through transport engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christa Kanstrup
- DynaMo Center of Excellence, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin
- DynaMo Center of Excellence, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Root nitrate uptake in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is modulated by transcriptional and presumably posttranscriptional regulation of the NRT2.1/NRT3.1 transport system. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:1403-1421. [PMID: 35879567 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Nitrate uptake in sugarcane roots is regulated at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels based on the physiological status of the plant and is likely a determinant mechanism for discrimination against nitrate. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the most suitable energy crops for biofuel feedstock, but the reduced recovery of nitrogen (N) fertilizer by sugarcane roots increases the crop carbon footprint. The low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of sugarcane has been associated with the significantly low nitrate uptake, which limits the utilization of the large amount of nitrate available in agricultural soils. To understand the regulation of nitrate uptake in sugarcane roots, we identified the major canonical nitrate transporter genes (NRTs-NITRATE TRANSPORTERS) and then determined their expression profiles in roots under contrasting N conditions. Correlation of gene expression with 15N-nitrate uptake revealed that under N deprivation or inorganic N (ammonium or nitrate) supply in N-sufficient roots, the regulation of ScNRT2.1 and ScNRT3.1 expression is the predominant mechanism for the modulation of the activity of the nitrate high-affinity transport system. Conversely, in N-deficient roots, the induction of ScNRT2.1 and ScNRT3.1 transcription is not correlated with the marked repression of nitrate uptake in response to nitrate resupply or high N provision, which suggested the existence of a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism. Our findings suggested that high-affinity nitrate uptake is regulated at the transcriptional and presumably at the posttranscriptional levels based on the physiological N status and that the regulation of NRT2.1 and NRT3.1 activity is likely a determinant mechanism for the discrimination against nitrate uptake observed in sugarcane roots, which contributes to the low NUE in this crop species.
Collapse
|
18
|
Farghaly FA, Salam HK, Hamada AM, Radi AA. Alleviating excess boron stress in tomato calli by applying benzoic acid to various biochemical strategies. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 182:216-226. [PMID: 35526419 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Benzoic acid (BA) represents vital roles in plant activity and response to diverse unfavorable conditions. However, its participation in mitigating excess boron (EB) stress in plants is elusive. Herein, we have examined the impacts of BA (1 μM) in controlling boron (B) uptake in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) calli exposed to various EB levels (0, 1, 2, and 3 mM). The free, semi-bound, and bound B forms were stimulated by EB, while these forms were reduced in B-stressed calli by BA supplementation (40.37%, 36.08%, and 66.91%, respectively, less than 3 mM B-stressed calli alone). EB caused a reduction in the uptake of potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), and nitrite (NO2-) while increasing the concentration of phosphorus (P), nitrate (NO3-), sulfur (S), and sulfate (SO42-) in B-stressed calli. BA application induced the uptake of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3-, S, and SO42-; however, it reduced P and NO2- concentrations in B-stressed calli. EB reduced nitrate reductase activity (NR), while BA application did not alleviate this reduction. EB treatments significantly, in most cases, increased sulfite oxidase (SO) activity. Supplementation of BA along with EB further enhanced SO activity. Cell wall components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin) were decreased under EB treatments but considerably increased in B-stressed calli by BA application. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR) output showed that EB treatments with/without BA led to alterations in cell wall functional groups of calli. Our findings indicated that BA application enabled tomato callus to counteract the harmful effect of EB, leading to improved callus growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma A Farghaly
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Hussein Kh Salam
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Afaf M Hamada
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Abeer A Radi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tan S, Liang Y, Huang Y, Xi J, Huang X, Yang X, Yi K. Phylogeny and Expression Atlas of the NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER FAMILY in Agave. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11111434. [PMID: 35684207 PMCID: PMC9182991 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Agave species are widely cultivated crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants for alcoholic beverages, food and fiber production. Among these, the Agave hybrid H11648 ((A. amaniensis × A. angustifolia) × A. amaniensis) is the main cultivar for sisal fiber in the tropical areas of Brazil, China, and African countries. The plants of Agave hybrid H11648 have a long life cycle and large leaves, which require a huge amount of nitrogen nutrient. However, the molecular basis of nitrogen transport and allocation has not been well understood in agave. In this study, we identified 19 NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER FAMILY(NPF) genes (called AhNPFs) with full-length coding sequences in Agave hybrid H11648. Our analysis of gene expression in various types of tissues revealed the tissue-specific expression pattern of AhNPFs. We further examined their expression patterns at different leaf developmental stages, under abiotic/biotic stresses and nutrient deficiency. The results reveal several candidate regulators in the agave NPF family, including AhNPF4.3/5.2/7.1. We first characterized the NPF genes in agave based on published leaf transcriptome datasets and emphasized their potential functions. The study will benefit future studies related to nitrogen nutrient in agave.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shibei Tan
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Yanqiong Liang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Yanlei Huang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Jingen Xi
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Xing Huang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (J.X.)
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (X.Y.); (K.Y.)
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (X.Y.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kexian Yi
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (J.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou 571101, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (X.Y.); (K.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu Y, Henderson SW, Walker RR, Gilliham M. Root-Specific Expression of Vitis vinifera VviNPF2.2 Modulates Shoot Anion Concentration in Transgenic Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:863971. [PMID: 35693188 PMCID: PMC9174944 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.863971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L., Vvi) on their roots are generally sensitive to salt-forming ions, particularly chloride (Cl-) when grown in saline environments. Grafting V. vinifera scions to Cl--excluding hybrid rootstocks reduces the impact of salinity. Molecular components underlying Cl--exclusion in Vitis species remain largely unknown, however, various anion channels and transporters represent good candidates for controlling this trait. Here, two nitrate/peptide transporter family (NPF) members VviNPF2.1 and VviNPF2.2 were isolated. Both highly homologous proteins localized to the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) protoplasts. Both were expressed primarily in grapevine roots and leaves and were more abundant in a Cl--excluding rootstock compared to a Cl--includer. Quantitative PCR of grapevine roots revealed that VviNPF2.1 and 2.2 expression was downregulated by high [NO3 -] resupply post-starvation, but not affected by 25 mM Cl-. VviNPF2.2 was functionally characterized using an Arabidopsis enhancer trap line as a heterologous host which enabled cell-type-specific expression. Constitutive expression of VviNPF2.2 exclusively in the root epidermis and cortex reduced shoot [Cl-] after a 75 mM NaCl treatment. Higher expression levels of VviNPF2.2 correlated with reduced Arabidopsis xylem sap [NO3 -] when not salt stressed. We propose that when expressed in the root epidermis and cortex, VviNPF2.2 could function in passive anion efflux from root cells, which reduces the symplasmic Cl- available for root-to-shoot translocation. VviNPF2.2, through its role in the root epidermis and cortex, could, therefore, be beneficial to plants under salt stress by reducing net shoot Cl- accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Sam W. Henderson
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rob R. Walker
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nitrogen Absorption Pattern Detection and Expression Analysis of Nitrate Transporters in Flowering Chinese Cabbage. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate transporters (NRTs) play an important role in nitrate absorption and internal distribution in plant roots and other parts. Experiments were carried out to explore the sequences and expression characteristics of NRT genes, and their correlation with the N uptake in flowering Chinese cabbage. We have isolated three important BcNRTs (BcNRT1.1, BcNRT1.2, and BcNRT2.1) from flowering Chinese cabbage. Spatio-temporal expression analysis found that BcNRT1.1 and BcNRT2.1 were mainly expressed in roots, while BcNRT1.2 was more expressed in roots than in leaves during vegetative growth and was mainly expressed in leaves during reproductive growth. The NO3− uptake rate of the entire growth period was significantly correlated with BcNRT1.1 and BcNRT1.2 expression in roots. In addition, the total N content was increased with the increase in NO3− concentration in flowering Chinese cabbage. The NH4+ uptake was slightly induced by NH4+, but the total N content had no significant difference under the NH4+ concentration of 1–8 mmol/L. We also found that lower concentrations of NH4+ promoted the expression of BcNRT1.1 and BcNRT1.2 while inhibiting the expression of BcNRT2.1 in the roots of flowering Chinese cabbage. The amount of total N uptake in the treatment with 25/75 of NH4+/NO3− was significantly higher than that of the other two treatments (0/100 and 50/50). In the mixture of NH4+ and NO3−, total N uptake was significantly correlated with the BcNRT1.2 expression. We concluded that mixed nutrition with an NH4+/NO3− of 25/75 could significantly increase total nitrogen uptake in flowering Chinese cabbage, in which two members of the NRT1 subfamily (BcNRT1.1 and BcNRT1.2) might play a major regulatory role in it. This study is a beneficial attempt to dig deeper into the NRT genes resources and lays the foundation for the ultimate use of genetic improvement methods to increase the NUE with less nitrogen fertilizer in flowering Chinese cabbage.
Collapse
|
22
|
Booth NJ, Smith PMC, Ramesh SA, Day DA. Malate Transport and Metabolism in Nitrogen-Fixing Legume Nodules. Molecules 2021; 26:6876. [PMID: 34833968 PMCID: PMC8618214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes form a symbiosis with rhizobia, a soil bacterium that allows them to access atmospheric nitrogen and deliver it to the plant for growth. Biological nitrogen fixation occurs in specialized organs, termed nodules, that develop on the legume root system and house nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteroids in organelle-like structures termed symbiosomes. The process is highly energetic and there is a large demand for carbon by the bacteroids. This carbon is supplied to the nodule as sucrose, which is broken down in nodule cells to organic acids, principally malate, that can then be assimilated by bacteroids. Sucrose may move through apoplastic and/or symplastic routes to the uninfected cells of the nodule or be directly metabolised at the site of import within the vascular parenchyma cells. Malate must be transported to the infected cells and then across the symbiosome membrane, where it is taken up by bacteroids through a well-characterized dct system. The dicarboxylate transporters on the infected cell and symbiosome membranes have been functionally characterized but remain unidentified. Proteomic and transcriptomic studies have revealed numerous candidates, but more work is required to characterize their function and localise the proteins in planta. GABA, which is present at high concentrations in nodules, may play a regulatory role, but this remains to be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Booth
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (N.J.B.); (S.A.R.)
| | | | - Sunita A. Ramesh
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (N.J.B.); (S.A.R.)
| | - David A. Day
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (N.J.B.); (S.A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xiang J, Qian K, Zhang Y, Chew J, Liang J, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Fan X. OsLSD1.1 is involved in the photosystem II reaction and affects nitrogen allocation in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:246-257. [PMID: 34126592 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient element for plants; however, high N accumulation often leads to a decrease in photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). In rice (Oryza sativa L.), well-developed aerenchyma is formed to promote oxygen transport from the shoot to the root tips as an adaptation to submerged and oxygen-deficient environment. Total N concentrations were increased in the rice root by changes in O2 levels in the rhizosphere. However, few reports have focused on how aerenchyma formation-related genes participate in photosynthesis and affect nitrogen allocation in rice. In this study, we found that OsLSD1.1, located in the chloroplast, cell membrane, and nucleus, may be involved in the photosystem II reaction and affect chloroplast development. OsLSD1.1 knockout was found to significantly reduce the quantum efficiency of the PSII reaction center (ΦPSII). Furthermore, we observed that the nitrogen accumulation decreased in the grain of OsLSD1.1 mutants. RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis revealed that OsPEPC3, OsPsbR1, OsNRG2, OsNRT1.5A, OsNRT1.7, and OsAMT3;2 were downregulated in m12 compared with N-WT (wild-type Nipponbare), which may be a reason that photosynthesis and nitrogen transport were inhibited. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that OsLSD1.1 may be key in plant growth, photosynthesis, and nitrogen allocation in rice. Our results may provide theoretical support for the discovery of key genes for nitrogen physiological use efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Kaiyun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yuyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jinkiat Chew
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jingwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sanz-Fernández M, Rodríguez-González A, Sandalio LM, Romero-Puertas MC. Role of potassium transporter KUP8 in plant responses to heavy metals. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:180-190. [PMID: 33496968 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal concentrations, which have been increasing over the last 200 years, affect soil quality and crop yields. These elements are difficult to eliminate from soils and may constitute a human health hazard by entering the food chain. Recently, we obtained a selection of mutants with different degrees of tolerance to a mixture of heavy metals (HMmix) in order to gain a deeper insight into the underlying mechanism regulating plant responses to these elements. In this study, we characterized the mutant obtained Atkup8 (in this work, Atkup8-2), which showed one of the most resistant phenotypes, as determined by seedling root length. Atkup8-2 is affected in the potassium transporter KUP8, a member of the high-affinity K+ uptake family KUP/HAK/KT. Atkup8-2 mutants, which are less affected as measured by seedling root length under HMmix conditions, showed a resistant phenotype with respect to WT seedlings which, despite their delayed growth, are able to develop true leaves at levels similar to those under control conditions. Adult Atkup8-2 plants had a higher fresh weight than WT plants, a resistant phenotype under HMmix stress conditions and lower levels of oxidative damage. KUP8 did not appear to be involved in heavy metal or macro- and micro-nutrient uptake and translocation from roots to leaves, as total concentrations of these elements were similar in both Atkup8-2 and WT plants. However, alterations in cellular K+ homeostasis in this mutant cannot be ruled out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Sanz-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez-González
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vittozzi Y, Nadzieja M, Rogato A, Radutoiu S, Valkov VT, Chiurazzi M. The Lotus japonicus NPF3.1 Is a Nodule-Induced Gene That Plays a Positive Role in Nodule Functioning. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:688187. [PMID: 34220910 PMCID: PMC8253256 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.688187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing nodules are new organs formed on legume roots as a result of the beneficial interaction with the soil bacteria, rhizobia. Proteins of the nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (NPF) are largely represented in the subcategory of nodule-induced transporters identified in mature nodules. The role of nitrate as a signal/nutrient regulating nodule functioning has been recently highlighted in the literature, and NPFs may play a central role in both the permissive and inhibitory pathways controlling N2-fixation efficiency. In this study, we present the characterization of the Lotus japonicus LjNPF3.1 gene. LjNPF3.1 is upregulated in mature nodules. Promoter studies show transcriptional activation confined to the cortical region of both roots and nodules. Under symbiotic conditions, Ljnpf3.1-knockout mutant's display reduced shoot development and anthocyanin accumulation as a result of nutrient deprivation. Altogether, LjNPF3.1 plays a role in maximizing the beneficial outcome of the root nodule symbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Vittozzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Marcin Nadzieja
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Radutoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Totev Valkov
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lhamo D, Luan S. Potential Networks of Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium Channels and Transporters in Arabidopsis Roots at a Single Cell Resolution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:689545. [PMID: 34220911 PMCID: PMC8242960 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.689545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are three major macronutrients essential for plant life. These nutrients are acquired and transported by several large families of transporters expressed in plant roots. However, it remains largely unknown how these transporters are distributed in different cell-types that work together to transfer the nutrients from the soil to different layers of root cells and eventually reach vasculature for massive flow. Using the single cell transcriptomics data from Arabidopsis roots, we profiled the transcriptional patterns of putative nutrient transporters in different root cell-types. Such analyses identified a number of uncharacterized NPK transporters expressed in the root epidermis to mediate NPK uptake and distribution to the adjacent cells. Some transport genes showed cortex- and endodermis-specific expression to direct the nutrient flow toward the vasculature. For long-distance transport, a variety of transporters were shown to express and potentially function in the xylem and phloem. In the context of subcellular distribution of mineral nutrients, the NPK transporters at subcellular compartments were often found to show ubiquitous expression patterns, which suggests function in house-keeping processes. Overall, these single cell transcriptomic analyses provide working models of nutrient transport from the epidermis across the cortex to the vasculature, which can be further tested experimentally in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhondup Lhamo
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu R, Guo Y, Peng S, Liu J, Li P, Jia W, Zhao J. Molecular Targets and Biological Functions of cAMP Signaling in Arabidopsis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050688. [PMID: 34063698 PMCID: PMC8147800 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a pivotal signaling molecule existing in almost all living organisms. However, the mechanism of cAMP signaling in plants remains very poorly understood. Here, we employ the engineered activity of soluble adenylate cyclase to induce cellular cAMP elevation in Arabidopsis thaliana plants and identify 427 cAMP-responsive genes (CRGs) through RNA-seq analysis. Induction of cellular cAMP elevation inhibits seed germination, disturbs phytohormone contents, promotes leaf senescence, impairs ethylene response, and compromises salt stress tolerance and pathogen resistance. A set of 62 transcription factors are among the CRGs, supporting a prominent role of cAMP in transcriptional regulation. The CRGs are significantly overrepresented in the pathways of plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling, and diterpenoid biosynthesis, but they are also implicated in lipid, sugar, K+, nitrate signaling, and beyond. Our results provide a basic framework of cAMP signaling for the community to explore. The regulatory roles of cAMP signaling in plant plasticity are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruqiang Xu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.G.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (W.J.); (J.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0371-6778-5095
| | - Yanhui Guo
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.G.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (W.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Song Peng
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.G.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (W.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinrui Liu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.G.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (W.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Panyu Li
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.G.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (W.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wenjing Jia
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.G.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (W.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Junheng Zhao
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.G.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (W.J.); (J.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nitrogen Uptake in Plants: The Plasma Membrane Root Transport Systems from a Physiological and Proteomic Perspective. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040681. [PMID: 33916130 PMCID: PMC8066207 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen nutrition in plants is a key determinant in crop productivity. The availability of nitrogen nutrients in the soil, both inorganic (nitrate and ammonium) and organic (urea and free amino acids), highly differs and influences plant physiology, growth, metabolism, and root morphology. Deciphering this multifaceted scenario is mandatory to improve the agricultural sustainability. In root cells, specific proteins located at the plasma membrane play key roles in the transport and sensing of nitrogen forms. This review outlines the current knowledge regarding the biochemical and physiological aspects behind the uptake of the individual nitrogen forms, their reciprocal interactions, the influences on root system architecture, and the relations with other proteins sustaining fundamental plasma membrane functionalities, such as aquaporins and H+-ATPase. This topic is explored starting from the information achieved in the model plant Arabidopsis and moving to crops in agricultural soils. Moreover, the main contributions provided by proteomics are described in order to highlight the goals and pitfalls of this approach and to get new hints for future studies.
Collapse
|
29
|
Yadav B, Jogawat A, Lal SK, Lakra N, Mehta S, Shabek N, Narayan OP. Plant mineral transport systems and the potential for crop improvement. PLANTA 2021; 253:45. [PMID: 33483879 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient transporter genes could be a potential candidate for improving crop plants, with enhanced nutrient uptake leading to increased crop yield by providing tolerance against different biotic and abiotic stresses. The world's food supply is nearing a crisis in meeting the demands of an ever-growing global population, and an increase in both yield and nutrient value of major crops is vitally necessary to meet the increased population demand. Nutrients play an important role in plant metabolism as well as growth and development, and nutrient deficiency results in retarded plant growth and leads to reduced crop yield. A variety of cellular processes govern crop plant nutrient absorption from the soil. Among these, nutrient membrane transporters play an important role in the acquisition of nutrients from soil and transport of these nutrients to their target sites. In addition, as excess nutrient delivery has toxic effects on plant growth, these membrane transporters also play a significant role in the removal of excess nutrients in the crop plant. The key function provided by membrane transporters is the ability to supply the crop plant with an adequate level of tolerance against environmental stresses, such as soil acidity, alkalinity, salinity, drought, and pathogen attack. Membrane transporter genes have been utilized for the improvement of crop plants, with enhanced nutrient uptake leading to increased crop yield by providing tolerance against different biotic and abiotic stresses. Further understanding of the basic mechanisms of nutrient transport in crop plants could facilitate the advanced design of engineered plant crops to achieve increased yield and improve nutrient quality through the use of genetic technologies as well as molecular breeding. This review is focused on nutrient toxicity and tolerance mechanisms in crop plants to aid in understanding and addressing the anticipated global food demand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Yadav
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhimanyu Jogawat
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Shambhu Krishan Lal
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nita Lakra
- Department of Biotechnology, CCS HAU, Hisar, India
| | - Sahil Mehta
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rossdeutsch L, Schreiner RP, Skinkis PA, Deluc L. Nitrate Uptake and Transport Properties of Two Grapevine Rootstocks With Varying Vigor. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:608813. [PMID: 33537044 PMCID: PMC7847936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.608813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In viticulture, rootstocks are essential to cope with edaphic constraints. They can also be used to modulate scion growth and development to help improve berry yield and quality. The rootstock contribution to scion growth is not fully understood. Since nitrogen (N) is a significant driver of grapevine growth, rootstock properties associated with N uptake and transport may play a key role in the growth potential of grafted grapevines. We evaluated N uptake and transport in a potted system using two grapevines rootstocks [Riparia Gloire (RG) and 1103 Paulsen (1103P)] grafted to Pinot noir (Pommard clone) scion. Combining results of nitrate induction and steady-state experiments at two N availability levels, we observed different responses in the uptake and utilization of N between the two rootstocks. The low vigor rootstock (RG) exhibited greater nitrate uptake capacity and nitrate assimilation in roots after nitrate resupply than the more vigorous 1103P rootstock. This behavior may be attributed to a greater root carbohydrate status observed in RG for both experiments. However, 1103P demonstrated a higher N translocation rate to shoots regardless of N availability. These distinct rootstock behaviors resulted in significant differences in biomass allocation between roots and shoots under N-limited conditions, although the overall vine biomass was not different. Under sufficient N supply, differences between rootstocks decreased but 1103P stored more N in roots, which may benefit growth in subsequent growing seasons. Overall, greater transpiration of vines grafted to 1103P rootstock causing higher N translocation to shoots could partially explain its known growth-promoting effect to scions under low and high N availability, whereas the low vigor typically conferred to scions by RG may result from the combination of lower N translocation to shoots and a greater allocation of biomass toward roots when N is low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Landry Rossdeutsch
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon Wine Research Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - R. Paul Schreiner
- USDA-ARS Horticulture Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Oregon Wine Research Institute, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Patricia A. Skinkis
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon Wine Research Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Oregon Wine Research Institute, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Laurent Deluc
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon Wine Research Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Oregon Wine Research Institute, Corvallis, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang X, Cai X, Xu C, Wang Q. Identification and characterization of the NPF, NRT2 and NRT3 in spinach. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:297-307. [PMID: 33243709 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate transporters (NRTs) participate in nitrate uptake, transport and allocation within the plant. However, this gene family has not been studied thoroughly in spinach. This study provided the general information about spinach SoNRTs and their transcriptional and functional responses to different levels of nitrate supplies. Resultes showed that fifty-seven NPF (also known as NRT1), nine NRT2 and one NRT3 were identified in spinach homologous to characterized Arabidopsis NRT genes. Phylogenetic analysis organized the SoNRT family into three clades: NPF with three subclades, NRT2, and NRT3. The tested SoNRT genes showed the various expression profiles in relation to tissue specificity and nitrate supply, indicating their functional diversity in response to external nitrate supply. Among them, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing SoNPF30 showed improved biomass, decreased shoot nitrate contents but no significant difference of 15NO3- uptake rates when compared with those of the wild type in response to high N treatment. Under low N treatment, overexpressing of SoNRT3 significantly increased whole plant biomass, root nitrate contents and 15NO3- uptake rates. These demonstrated that SoNPF30 and SoNRT3 confer greater capacity for nitrate translocation or nitrate uptake, and could help to improve the ability of plant nitrogen utilization under those conditions. Our findings provide a valuable basis for future research on this family of genes in spinach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Chenxi Xu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Quanhua Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
RoyChowdhury A, Mukherjee P, Panja S, Datta R, Christodoulatos C, Sarkar D. Evidence for Phytoremediation and Phytoexcretion of NTO from Industrial Wastewater by Vetiver Grass. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010074. [PMID: 33375266 PMCID: PMC7796298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of insensitive munitions such as 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) is rapidly increasing and is expected to replace conventional munitions in the near future. Various NTO treatment technologies are being developed for the treatment of wastewater from industrial munition facilities. This is the first study to explore the potential phytoremediation of industrial NTO-wastewater using vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.). Here, we present evidence that vetiver can effectively remove NTO from wastewater, and also translocated NTO from root to shoot. NTO was phytotoxic and resulted in a loss of plant biomass and chlorophyll. The metabolomic analysis showed significant differences between treated and control samples, with the upregulation of specific pathways such as glycerophosphate metabolism and amino acid metabolism, providing a glimpse into the stress alleviation strategy of vetiver. One of the mechanisms of NTO stress reduction was the excretion of solid crystals. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of NTO crystals in the plant exudates. Further characterization of the exudates is in progress to ascertain the purity of these crystals, and if vetiver could be used for phytomining NTO from industrial wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek RoyChowdhury
- Environmental Science and Natural Resources Program, School of Science, Navajo Technical University, Crownpoint, NM 87313, USA;
| | - Pallabi Mukherjee
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (P.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Saumik Panja
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (P.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Rupali Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA;
| | | | - Dibyendu Sarkar
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (P.M.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-201-2168028
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Oladzad A, González A, Macchiavelli R, de Jensen CE, Beaver J, Porch T, McClean P. Genetic Factors Associated With Nodulation and Nitrogen Derived From Atmosphere in a Middle American Common Bean Panel. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:576078. [PMID: 33384700 PMCID: PMC7769817 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.576078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Among grain legume crops, common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are considered to have poor biological nitrogen (N2) fixation (BNF) capabilities although variation in N2 fixing capabilities exists within the species. The availability of genetic panel varying in BNF capacity and a large-scale single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data set for common bean provided an opportunity to discover genetic factors associated with N2 fixation among genotypes in the Middle American gene pool. Using nodulation and percentage of N2-derived from atmosphere (%NDFA) data collected from field trials, at least 11 genotypes with higher levels of BNF capacity were identified. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) detected both major and minor effects that control these traits. A major nodulation interval at Pv06:28.0-28.27 Mbp was discovered. In this interval, the peak SNP was located within a small GTPase that positively regulates cellular polarity and growth of root hair tips. Located 20 kb upstream of this peak SNP is an auxin-responsive factor AUX/indole acetic auxin (IAA)-related gene involved in auxin transportation during root nodulation. For %NDFA, nitrate (NO3 -) transporters, NRT1:2 and NRT1.7 (Pv02:8.64), squamosa promoter binding transcriptome factor (Pv08:28.42), and multi-antimicrobial extrusion protein (MATE) efflux family protein (Pv06:10.91) were identified as candidate genes. Three additional QTLs were identified on chromosomes Pv03:5.24, Pv09:25.89, and Pv11: 32.89 Mbp. These key candidate genes from both traits were integrated with previous results on N2 fixation to describe a BNF pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atena Oladzad
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Abiezer González
- Department of Agroenvironmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Raul Macchiavelli
- Department of Agroenvironmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | | | - James Beaver
- Department of Agroenvironmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Tim Porch
- USDA-ARS, Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Phillip McClean
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wen J, Li PF, Ran F, Guo PC, Zhu JT, Yang J, Zhang LL, Chen P, Li JN, Du H. Genome-wide characterization, expression analyses, and functional prediction of the NPF family in Brassica napus. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:871. [PMID: 33287703 PMCID: PMC7720588 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER (NRT1/PTR) family (NPF) members are essential transporters for many substrates in plants, including nitrate, hormones, peptides, and secondary metabolites. Here, we report the global characterization of NPF in the important oil crop Brassica napus, including that for phylogeny, gene/protein structures, duplications, and expression patterns. Results A total of 199 B. napus (BnaNPFs) NPF-coding genes were identified. Phylogenetic analyses categorized these genes into 11 subfamilies, including three new ones. Sequence feature analysis revealed that members of each subfamily contain conserved gene and protein structures. Many hormone−/abiotic stress-responsive cis-acting elements and transcription factor binding sites were identified in BnaNPF promoter regions. Chromosome distribution analysis indicated that BnaNPFs within a subfamily tend to cluster on one chromosome. Syntenic relationship analysis showed that allotetraploid creation by its ancestors (Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea) (57.89%) and small-scale duplication events (39.85%) contributed to rapid BnaNPF expansion in B. napus. A genome-wide spatiotemporal expression survey showed that NPF genes of each Arabidopsis and B. napus subfamily have preferential expression patterns across developmental stages, most of them are expressed in a few organs. RNA-seq analysis showed that many BnaNPFs (32.66%) have wide exogenous hormone-inductive profiles, suggesting important hormone-mediated patterns in diverse bioprocesses. Homologs in a clade or branch within a given subfamily have conserved organ/spatiotemporal and hormone-inductive profiles, indicating functional conservation during evolution. qRT-PCR-based comparative expression analysis of the 12 BnaNPFs in the NPF2–1 subfamily between high- and low-glucosinolate (GLS) content B. napus varieties revealed that homologs of AtNPF2.9 (BnaNPF2.12, BnaNPF2.13, and BnaNPF2.14), AtNPF2.10 (BnaNPF2.19 and BnaNPF2.20), and AtNPF2.11 (BnaNPF2.26 and BnaNPF2.28) might be involved in GLS transport. qRT-PCR further confirmed the hormone-responsive expression profiles of these putative GLS transporter genes. Conclusion We identified 199 B. napus BnaNPFs; these were divided into 11 subfamilies. Allopolyploidy and small-scale duplication events contributed to the immense expansion of BnaNPFs in B. napus. The BnaNPFs had preferential expression patterns in different tissues/organs and wide hormone-induced expression profiles. Four BnaNPFs in the NPF2–1 subfamily may be involved in GLS transport. Our results provide an abundant gene resource for further functional analysis of BnaNPFs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07274-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Peng-Feng Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Feng Ran
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jia-Tian Zhu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jin Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Lan-Lan Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jia-Na Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Hai Du
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu XX, Zhu YX, Fang XZ, Ye JY, Du WX, Zhu QY, Lin XY, Jin CW. Ammonium aggravates salt stress in plants by entrapping them in a chloride over-accumulation state in an NRT1.1-dependent manner. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141244. [PMID: 32768787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has exacerbated flooding in coastal areas affected by soil salinization. Ammonium (NH4+) is the predominant form of nitrogen in flooded soils, but the role played by NH4+ in the plant response to salt stress has not been fully clarified. We investigated the responses of Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Nicotiana benthamiana plants fed with NH4+. All species were hypersensitive to NaCl stress and accumulated more Cl- and less Na+ than those fed with NO3-. Further investigation of A. thaliana indicated that salt hypersensitivity induced by the presence of NH4+ was abolished by removing the Cl- but was not affected by the removal of Na+, suggesting that excess accumulation of Cl- rather than Na+ is involved in NH4+-conferred salt hypersensitivity. The expression of nitrate transporter NRT1.1 protein was also up-regulated by NH4+ treatment, which increased root Cl- uptake due to the Cl- uptake activity of NRT1.1 and the absence of uptake competition from NO3-. Knockout of NRT1.1 in plants decreased their root Cl- uptake and retracted the NH4+-conferred salt hypersensitivity. Our findings revealed that NH4+-aggravated salt stress in plants is associated with Cl- over-accumulation through the up-regulation of NRT1.1-mediated Cl- uptake. These findings suggest the significant impact of Cl- toxicity in flooded coastal areas, an issue of ecological significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ya Xin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xian Zhi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jia Yuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wen Xin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qing Yang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xian Yong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chong Wei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Genome-Wide Systematic Characterization of the NPF Family Genes and Their Transcriptional Responses to Multiple Nutrient Stresses in Allotetraploid Rapeseed. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175947. [PMID: 32824914 PMCID: PMC7504168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1 (NRT1)/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER (PTR) family (NPF) proteins can transport various substrates, and play crucial roles in governing plant nitrogen (N) uptake and distribution. However, little is known about the NPF genes in Brassica napus. Here, a comprehensive genome-wide systematic characterization of the NPF family led to the identification of 193 NPF genes in the whole genome of B. napus. The BnaNPF family exhibited high levels of genetic diversity among sub-families but this was conserved within each subfamily. Whole-genome duplication and segmental duplication played a major role in BnaNPF evolution. The expression analysis indicated that a broad range of expression patterns for individual gene occurred in response to multiple nutrient stresses, including N, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) deficiencies, as well as ammonium toxicity. Furthermore, 10 core BnaNPF genes in response to N stress were identified. These genes contained 6–13 transmembrane domains, located in plasma membrane, that respond discrepantly to N deficiency in different tissues. Robust cis-regulatory elements were identified within the promoter regions of the core genes. Taken together, our results suggest that BnaNPFs are versatile transporters that might evolve new functions in B. napus. Our findings benefit future research on this gene family.
Collapse
|
37
|
Feng H, Fan X, Miller AJ, Xu G. Plant nitrogen uptake and assimilation: regulation of cellular pH homeostasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4380-4392. [PMID: 32206788 PMCID: PMC7382382 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic controlled metabolic processes in cells occur at their optimized pH ranges, therefore cellular pH homeostasis is fundamental for life. In plants, the nitrogen (N) source for uptake and assimilation, mainly in the forms of nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) quantitatively dominates the anion and cation equilibrium and the pH balance in cells. Here we review ionic and pH homeostasis in plant cells and regulation by N source from the rhizosphere to extra- and intracellular pH regulation for short- and long-distance N distribution and during N assimilation. In the process of N transport across membranes for uptake and compartmentation, both proton pumps and proton-coupled N transporters are essential, and their proton-binding sites may sense changes of apoplastic or intracellular pH. In addition, during N assimilation, carbon skeletons are required to synthesize amino acids, thus the combination of NO3- or NH4+ transport and assimilation results in different net charge and numbers of protons in plant cells. Efficient maintenance of N-controlled cellular pH homeostasis may improve N uptake and use efficiency, as well as enhance the resistance to abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Anthony J Miller
- Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Vidal EA, Alvarez JM, Araus V, Riveras E, Brooks MD, Krouk G, Ruffel S, Lejay L, Crawford NM, Coruzzi GM, Gutiérrez RA. Nitrate in 2020: Thirty Years from Transport to Signaling Networks. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2094-2119. [PMID: 32169959 PMCID: PMC7346567 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plants and a major limiting factor for plant growth and crop production. Nitrate is the main source of N available to plants in agricultural soils and in many natural environments. Sustaining agricultural productivity is of paramount importance in the current scenario of increasing world population, diversification of crop uses, and climate change. Plant productivity for major crops around the world, however, is still supported by excess application of N-rich fertilizers with detrimental economic and environmental impacts. Thus, understanding how plants regulate nitrate uptake and metabolism is key for developing new crops with enhanced N use efficiency and to cope with future world food demands. The study of plant responses to nitrate has gained considerable interest over the last 30 years. This review provides an overview of key findings in nitrate research, spanning biochemistry, molecular genetics, genomics, and systems biology. We discuss how we have reached our current view of nitrate transport, local and systemic nitrate sensing/signaling, and the regulatory networks underlying nitrate-controlled outputs in plants. We hope this summary will serve not only as a timeline and information repository but also as a baseline to define outstanding questions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Vidal
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology, Santiago, Chile, 7500565
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile, 8580745
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile, 8580745
| | - José M Alvarez
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology, Santiago, Chile, 7500565
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile, 8580745
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Viviana Araus
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Eleodoro Riveras
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology, Santiago, Chile, 7500565
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 8331150
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile, 8370415
| | - Matthew D Brooks
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Gabriel Krouk
- Biochemistry and Plant Molecular Physiology, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Universite Montpellier, Montpellier, France, 34060
| | - Sandrine Ruffel
- Biochemistry and Plant Molecular Physiology, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Universite Montpellier, Montpellier, France, 34060
| | - Laurence Lejay
- Biochemistry and Plant Molecular Physiology, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Universite Montpellier, Montpellier, France, 34060
| | - Nigel M Crawford
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093
| | - Gloria M Coruzzi
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Rodrigo A Gutiérrez
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology, Santiago, Chile, 7500565
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 8331150
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile, 8370415
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Raddatz N, Morales de los Ríos L, Lindahl M, Quintero FJ, Pardo JM. Coordinated Transport of Nitrate, Potassium, and Sodium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:247. [PMID: 32211003 PMCID: PMC7067972 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) and nitrogen (N) are essential nutrients, and their absorption and distribution within the plant must be coordinated for optimal growth and development. Potassium is involved in charge balance of inorganic and organic anions and macromolecules, control of membrane electrical potential, pH homeostasis and the regulation of cell osmotic pressure, whereas nitrogen is an essential component of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Nitrate (NO3 -) is often the primary nitrogen source, but it also serves as a signaling molecule to the plant. Nitrate regulates root architecture, stimulates shoot growth, delays flowering, regulates abscisic acid-independent stomata opening, and relieves seed dormancy. Plants can sense K+/NO3 - levels in soils and adjust accordingly the uptake and root-to-shoot transport to balance the distribution of these ions between organs. On the other hand, in small amounts sodium (Na+) is categorized as a "beneficial element" for plants, mainly as a "cheap" osmolyte. However, at high concentrations in the soil, Na+ can inhibit various physiological processes impairing plant growth. Hence, plants have developed specific mechanisms to transport, sense, and respond to a variety of Na+ conditions. Sodium is taken up by many K+ transporters, and a large proportion of Na+ ions accumulated in shoots appear to be loaded into the xylem by systems that show nitrate dependence. Thus, an adequate supply of mineral nutrients is paramount to reduce the noxious effects of salts and to sustain crop productivity under salt stress. In this review, we will focus on recent research unraveling the mechanisms that coordinate the K+-NO3 -; Na+-NO3 -, and K+-Na+ transports, and the regulators controlling their uptake and allocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José M. Pardo
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Iqbal A, Qiang D, Alamzeb M, Xiangru W, Huiping G, Hengheng Z, Nianchang P, Xiling Z, Meizhen S. Untangling the molecular mechanisms and functions of nitrate to improve nitrogen use efficiency. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:904-914. [PMID: 31612486 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A huge amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is used to increase crop production. This leads to an increase in the cost of production, and to human and environmental problems. It is therefore necessary to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and to design agronomic, biotechnological and breeding strategies for better fertilizer use. Nitrogen use efficiency relies primarily on how plants extract, uptake, transport, assimilate, and remobilize nitrogen. Many plants use nitrate as a preferred nitrogen source. It acts as a signaling molecule in the various important physiological processes required for growth and development. As nitrate is the main source of nitrogen in the soil, root nitrate transporters are important subjects for study. The latest reports have also discussed how nitrate transporter and assimilation genes can be used as molecular tools to improve NUE in crops. The purpose of this review is to describe the mechanisms and functions of nitrate as a specific factor that can be addressed to increase NUE. Improving factors such as nitrate uptake, transport, assimilation, and remobilization through activation by signaling, sensing, and regulatory processes will improve plant growth and NUE. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Dong Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Madeeha Alamzeb
- Standardization of cotton planting technology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Wang Xiangru
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Gui Huiping
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Zhang Hengheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Pang Nianchang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Zhang Xiling
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Song Meizhen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wulff N, Ernst HA, Jørgensen ME, Lambertz S, Maierhofer T, Belew ZM, Crocoll C, Motawia MS, Geiger D, Jørgensen FS, Mirza O, Nour-Eldin HH. An Optimized Screen Reduces the Number of GA Transporters and Provides Insights Into Nitrate Transporter 1/Peptide Transporter Family Substrate Determinants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1106. [PMID: 31632416 PMCID: PMC6785635 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Based on recent in vitro data, a relatively large number of the plant nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (NPF) proteins have been suggested to function as gibberellic acid (GA) transporters. Most GA transporting NPF proteins also appear to transport other structurally unrelated phytohormones or metabolites. Several of the GAs used in previous in vitro assays are membrane permeable weak organic acids whose movement across membranes are influenced by the pH-sensitive ion-trap mechanism. Moreover, a large proportion of in vitro GA transport activities have been demonstrated indirectly via long-term yeast-based GA-dependent growth assays that are limited to detecting transport of bioactive GAs. Thus, there is a need for an optimized transport assay for identifying and characterizing GA transport. Here, we develop an improved transport assay in Xenopus laevis oocytes, wherein we directly measure movement of six different GAs across oocyte membranes over short time. We show that membrane permeability of GAs in oocytes can be predicted based on number of oxygen atoms and that several GAs do not diffuse over membranes regardless of changes in pH values. In addition, we show that small changes in internal cellular pH can result in strongly altered distribution of membrane permeable phytohormones. This prompts caution when interpreting heterologous transport activities. We use our transport assay to screen all Arabidopsis thaliana NPF proteins for transport activity towards six GAs (two membrane permeable and four non-permeable). The results presented here, significantly reduce the number of bona fide NPF GA transporters in Arabidopsis and narrow the activity to fewer subclades within the family. Furthermore, to gain first insight into the molecular determinants of substrate specificities toward organic molecules transported in the NPF, we charted all surface exposed amino acid residues in the substrate-binding cavity and correlated them to GA transport. This analysis suggests distinct residues within the substrate-binding cavity that are shared between GA transporting NPF proteins; the potential roles of these residues in determining substrate specificity are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Wulff
- DynaMo Center, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Morten Egevang Jørgensen
- DynaMo Center, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophie Lambertz
- DynaMo Center, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tobias Maierhofer
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zeinu Mussa Belew
- DynaMo Center, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christoph Crocoll
- DynaMo Center, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mohammed Saddik Motawia
- Center for Plant Plasticity, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Osman Mirza
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin
- DynaMo Center, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Colmenero-Flores JM, Franco-Navarro JD, Cubero-Font P, Peinado-Torrubia P, Rosales MA. Chloride as a Beneficial Macronutrient in Higher Plants: New Roles and Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4686. [PMID: 31546641 PMCID: PMC6801462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloride (Cl-) has traditionally been considered a micronutrient largely excluded by plants due to its ubiquity and abundance in nature, its antagonism with nitrate (NO3-), and its toxicity when accumulated at high concentrations. In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift in this regard since Cl- has gone from being considered a harmful ion, accidentally absorbed through NO3- transporters, to being considered a beneficial macronutrient whose transport is finely regulated by plants. As a beneficial macronutrient, Cl- determines increased fresh and dry biomass, greater leaf expansion, increased elongation of leaf and root cells, improved water relations, higher mesophyll diffusion to CO2, and better water- and nitrogen-use efficiency. While optimal growth of plants requires the synchronic supply of both Cl- and NO3- molecules, the NO3-/Cl- plant selectivity varies between species and varieties, and in the same plant it can be modified by environmental cues such as water deficit or salinity. Recently, new genes encoding transporters mediating Cl- influx (ZmNPF6.4 and ZmNPF6.6), Cl- efflux (AtSLAH3 and AtSLAH1), and Cl- compartmentalization (AtDTX33, AtDTX35, AtALMT4, and GsCLC2) have been identified and characterized. These transporters have proven to be highly relevant for nutrition, long-distance transport and compartmentalization of Cl-, as well as for cell turgor regulation and stress tolerance in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M Colmenero-Flores
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Juan D Franco-Navarro
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Paloma Cubero-Font
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
- Biochimie et physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 2 place P. Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
| | - Procopio Peinado-Torrubia
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Rosales
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Niño-González M, Novo-Uzal E, Richardson DN, Barros PM, Duque P. More Transporters, More Substrates: The Arabidopsis Major Facilitator Superfamily Revisited. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:1182-1202. [PMID: 31330327 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) is ubiquitous in living organisms and represents the largest group of secondary active membrane transporters. In plants, significant research efforts have focused on the role of specific families within the MFS, particularly those transporting macronutrients (C, N, and P) that constitute the vast majority of the members of this superfamily. Other MFS families remain less explored, although a plethora of additional substrates and physiological functions have been uncovered. Nevertheless, the lack of a systematic approach to analyzing the MFS as a whole has obscured the high diversity and versatility of these transporters. Here, we present a phylogenetic analysis of all annotated MFS domain-containing proteins encoded in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome and propose that this superfamily of transporters consists of 218 members, clustered in 22 families. In reviewing the available information regarding the diversity in biological functions and substrates of Arabidopsis MFS members, we provide arguments for intensified research on these membrane transporters to unveil the breadth of their physiological relevance, disclose the molecular mechanisms underlying their mode of action, and explore their biotechnological potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pedro M Barros
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, ITQB NOVA - Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula Duque
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sol S, Valkov VT, Rogato A, Noguero M, Gargiulo L, Mele G, Lacombe B, Chiurazzi M. Disruption of the Lotus japonicus transporter LjNPF2.9 increases shoot biomass and nitrate content without affecting symbiotic performances. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:380. [PMID: 31470797 PMCID: PMC6717371 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After uptake from soil into the root tissue, distribution and allocation of nitrate throughout the whole plant body, is a critical step of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and for modulation of plant growth in response to various environmental conditions. In legume plants nitrate distribution is also important for the regulation of the nodulation process that allows to fix atmospheric N (N2) through the symbiotic interaction with rhizobia (symbiotic nitrogen fixation, SNF). RESULTS Here we report the functional characterization of the Lotus japonicus gene LjNPF2.9, which is expressed mainly in the root vascular structures, a key localization for the control of nitrate allocation throughout the plant body. LjNPF2.9 expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes induces 15NO3 accumulation indicating that it functions as a nitrate importer. The phenotypic characterization of three independent knock out mutants indicates an increased shoot biomass in the mutant backgrounds. This phenotype is associated to an increased/decreased nitrate content detected in the shoots/roots. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the accumulation of nitrate in the shoot does not affect the nodulation and N-Fixation capacities of the knock out mutants. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that LjNPF2.9 plays a crucial role in the downward transport of nitrate to roots, occurring likely through a xylem-to-phloem loading-mediated activity. The increase of the shoot biomass and nitrate accumulation might represent a relevant phenotype in the perspective of an improved NUE and this is further reinforced in legume plants by the reported lack of effects on the SNF efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sol
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vladimir Totev Valkov
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mélanie Noguero
- BPMP, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Gargiulo
- Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, ISAFOM, CNR, Via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mele
- Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, ISAFOM, CNR, Via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, Italy
| | - Benoit Lacombe
- BPMP, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tejada-Jimenez M, Llamas A, Galván A, Fernández E. Role of Nitrate Reductase in NO Production in Photosynthetic Eukaryotes. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8030056. [PMID: 30845759 PMCID: PMC6473468 DOI: 10.3390/plants8030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a gaseous secondary messenger that is critical for proper cell signaling and plant survival when exposed to stress. Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in plants, under standard phototrophic oxygenic conditions, has long been a very controversial issue. A few algal strains contain NO synthase (NOS), which appears to be absent in all other algae and land plants. The experimental data have led to the hypothesis that molybdoenzyme nitrate reductase (NR) is the main enzyme responsible for NO production in most plants. Recently, NR was found to be a necessary partner in a dual system that also includes another molybdoenzyme, which was renamed NO-forming nitrite reductase (NOFNiR). This enzyme produces NO independently of the molybdenum center of NR and depends on the NR electron transport chain from NAD(P)H to heme. Under the circumstances in which NR is not present or active, the existence of another NO-forming system that is similar to the NOS system would account for NO production and NO effects. PII protein, which senses and integrates the signals of the C–N balance in the cell, likely has an important role in organizing cell responses. Here, we critically analyze these topics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Tejada-Jimenez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales y Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Angel Llamas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales y Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Aurora Galván
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales y Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Emilio Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales y Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Amthor JS, Bar-Even A, Hanson AD, Millar AH, Stitt M, Sweetlove LJ, Tyerman SD. Engineering Strategies to Boost Crop Productivity by Cutting Respiratory Carbon Loss. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:297-314. [PMID: 30670486 PMCID: PMC6447004 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Roughly half the carbon that crop plants fix by photosynthesis is subsequently lost by respiration. Nonessential respiratory activity leading to unnecessary CO2 release is unlikely to have been minimized by natural selection or crop breeding, and cutting this large loss could complement and reinforce the currently dominant yield-enhancement strategy of increasing carbon fixation. Until now, however, respiratory carbon losses have generally been overlooked by metabolic engineers and synthetic biologists because specific target genes have been elusive. We argue that recent advances are at last pinpointing individual enzyme and transporter genes that can be engineered to (1) slow unnecessary protein turnover, (2) replace, relocate, or reschedule metabolic activities, (3) suppress futile cycles, and (4) make ion transport more efficient, all of which can reduce respiratory costs. We identify a set of engineering strategies to reduce respiratory carbon loss that are now feasible and model how implementing these strategies singly or in tandem could lead to substantial gains in crop productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arren Bar-Even
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Andrew D Hanson
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - A Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009 WA, Australia
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Lee J Sweetlove
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Packer KF, Cramer MD. Quantifying N-loss by root abscission: consequences for wheat N budgets and δ 15N values. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:49-56. [PMID: 30218929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lower plant δ15N values relative to source δ15N are commonly attributed to 15N efflux. We determined the extent to which root abscission contributes to plant N-loss and consequences for plant δ15N. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. SST015) was grown in hydroponics with direct aeration, aeration constrained within a pipe and circulation of nutrient solution through sand, representing three levels of stability for root growth. The δ15N of nutrient solutions and root fragments were periodically determined, as well as root and shoot δ15N. Plants in solution had significantly more negative δ15N (-8.9 and -9.2‰) than plants in sand (-6.9‰), suggesting greater 15N-loss; root fragments were major biomass- (six-fold greater than root dry weight) and N-loss (two-fold greater than plant net N uptake) pathways in solution. These plants had more ephemeral roots and two-fold more root tips than the sand treatment. We estimated that root fragment loss decreased plant δ15N by at least -3.7, -2.6 and -1.0‰ in the direct, pipe and sand treatments, respectively. Positive nutrient solution δ15N in all treatments relative to the source δ15N suggests that plant N, probably derived from efflux, was present in solution. Despite this, root abscission and root turnover are also important N-loss pathways in plants, while plant δ15N values are probably influenced by a combination of root abscission and N efflux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten F Packer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.
| | - Michael D Cramer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Asif MA, Schilling RK, Tilbrook J, Brien C, Dowling K, Rabie H, Short L, Trittermann C, Garcia A, Barrett-Lennard EG, Berger B, Mather DE, Gilliham M, Fleury D, Tester M, Roy SJ, Pearson AS. Mapping of novel salt tolerance QTL in an Excalibur × Kukri doubled haploid wheat population. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:2179-2196. [PMID: 30062653 PMCID: PMC6154029 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Novel QTL for salinity tolerance traits have been detected using non-destructive and destructive phenotyping in bread wheat and were shown to be linked to improvements in yield in saline fields. Soil salinity is a major limitation to cereal production. Breeding new salt-tolerant cultivars has the potential to improve cereal crop yields. In this study, a doubled haploid bread wheat mapping population, derived from the bi-parental cross of Excalibur × Kukri, was grown in a glasshouse under control and salinity treatments and evaluated using high-throughput non-destructive imaging technology. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of this population detected multiple QTL under salt and control treatments. Of these, six QTL were detected in the salt treatment including one for maintenance of shoot growth under salinity (QG(1-5).asl-7A), one for leaf Na+ exclusion (QNa.asl-7A) and four for leaf K+ accumulation (QK.asl-2B.1, QK.asl-2B.2, QK.asl-5A and QK:Na.asl-6A). The beneficial allele for QG(1-5).asl-7A (the maintenance of shoot growth under salinity) was present in six out of 44 mainly Australian bread and durum wheat cultivars. The effect of each QTL allele on grain yield was tested in a range of salinity concentrations at three field sites across 2 years. In six out of nine field trials with different levels of salinity stress, lines with alleles for Na+ exclusion and/or K+ maintenance at three QTL (QNa.asl-7A, QK.asl-2B.2 and QK:Na.asl-6A) excluded more Na+ or accumulated more K+ compared to lines without these alleles. Importantly, the QK.asl-2B.2 allele for higher K+ accumulation was found to be associated with higher grain yield at all field sites. Several alleles at other QTL were associated with higher grain yields at selected field sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Asif
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Rhiannon K Schilling
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Joanne Tilbrook
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Plant Industries Development, Department of Primary Industry and Resources, PO Box 3000, Darwin, NT, 0801, Australia
| | - Chris Brien
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
- Phenomics and Bioinformatics Research Center, The University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Mawson Lakes, 5001, SA, Australia
| | - Kate Dowling
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Huwaida Rabie
- Phenomics and Bioinformatics Research Center, The University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Mawson Lakes, 5001, SA, Australia
- Bethlehem University, Rue de Freres #9, Bethlehem, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Laura Short
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Christine Trittermann
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Alexandre Garcia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Edward G Barrett-Lennard
- School of Agriculture and Environment (M084), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, 6151, WA, Australia
| | - Bettina Berger
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Diane E Mather
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Delphine Fleury
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Mark Tester
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stuart J Roy
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
| | - Allison S Pearson
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Uncovering pH at both sides of the root plasma membrane interface using noninvasive imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:6488-6493. [PMID: 29866831 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1721769115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Building a proton gradient across a biological membrane and between different tissues is a matter of great importance for plant development and nutrition. To gain a better understanding of proton distribution in the plant root apoplast as well as across the plasma membrane, we generated Arabidopsis plants expressing stable membrane-anchored ratiometric fluorescent sensors based on pHluorin. These sensors enabled noninvasive pH-specific measurements in mature root cells from the medium-epidermis interface up to the inner cell layers that lie beyond the Casparian strip. The membrane-associated apoplastic pH was much more alkaline than the overall apoplastic space pH. Proton concentration associated with the plasma membrane was very stable, even when the growth medium pH was altered. This is in apparent contradiction with the direct connection between root intercellular space and the external medium. The plasma membrane-associated pH in the stele was the most preserved and displayed the lowest apoplastic pH (6.0 to 6.1) and the highest transmembrane delta pH (1.5 to 2.2). Both pH values also correlated well with optimal activities of channels and transporters involved in ion uptake and redistribution from the root to the aerial part. In growth medium where ionic content is minimized, the root plasma membrane-associated pH was more affected by environmental proton changes, especially for the most external cell layers. Calcium concentration appears to play a major role in apoplastic pH under these restrictive conditions, supporting a role for the cell wall in pH homeostasis of the unstirred surface layer of plasma membrane in mature roots.
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang YY, Cheng YH, Chen KE, Tsay YF. Nitrate Transport, Signaling, and Use Efficiency. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 69:85-122. [PMID: 29570365 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen accounts for approximately 60% of the fertilizer consumed each year; thus, it represents one of the major input costs for most nonlegume crops. Nitrate is one of the two major forms of nitrogen that plants acquire from the soil. Mechanistic insights into nitrate transport and signaling have enabled new strategies for enhancing nitrogen utilization efficiency, for lowering input costs for farming, and, more importantly, for alleviating environmental impacts (e.g., eutrophication and production of the greenhouse gas N2O). Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding how nitrate is acquired from the surroundings, how it is efficiently distributed into different plant tissues in response to environmental changes, how nitrate signaling is perceived and transmitted, and how shoot and root nitrogen status is communicated. Several key components of these processes have proven to be novel tools for enhancing nitrate- and nitrogen-use efficiency. In this review, we focus on the roles of NRT1 and NRT2 in nitrate uptake and nitrate allocation among different tissues; we describe the functions of the transceptor NRT1.1, transcription factors, and small signaling peptides in nitrate signaling and tissue communication; and we compile the new strategies for improving nitrogen-use efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Wang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-En Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Tsay
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|