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Regnard S, Otani M, Keruzore M, Teinturier A, Blondel M, Kawakami N, Krapp A, Colcombet J. The MKK3 module integrates nitrate and light signals to modulate secondary dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2403646121. [PMID: 39298469 PMCID: PMC11459149 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2403646121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Seed dormancy corresponds to a reversible blockage of germination. Primary dormancy is established during seed maturation, while secondary dormancy is set up on the dispersed seed, following an exposure to unfavorable factors. Both dormancies are relieved in response to environmental factors, such as light, nitrate, and coldness. Quantitive Trait Locus (QTL) analyses for preharvest sprouting identified MKK3 kinase in cereals as a player in dormancy control. Here, we showed that MKK3 also plays a role in secondary dormancy in Arabidopsis within a signaling module composed of MAP3K13/14/19/20, MKK3, and clade-C MAPKs. Seeds impaired in this module acquired heat-induced secondary dormancy more rapidly than wild-type (WT) seeds, and this dormancy is less sensitive to nitrate, a signal able to release dormancy. We also demonstrated that MPK7 was strongly activated in the seed during dormancy release, especially in response to light and nitrate. This activation was greatly reduced in map3k13/14/19/20 and mkk3 mutants. Finally, we showed that the module was not regulated and apparently did not regulate the genes controlling abscisic acid/gibberellin acid hormone balance, one of the crucial mechanisms of seed dormancy control. Overall, our work identified a MAPK module controlling seed germination and enlarged the panel of functions of the MKK3-related modules in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Regnard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université d’Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay91405, France
| | - Masahiko Otani
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
| | - Marc Keruzore
- Université de Brest, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1078, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest29200, France
| | - Alizée Teinturier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences (IJPB), Versailles78000, France
| | - Marc Blondel
- Université de Brest, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1078, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest29200, France
| | - Naoto Kawakami
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
| | - Anne Krapp
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences (IJPB), Versailles78000, France
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université d’Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay91405, France
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2
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Sunani SK, Koti PS, Sunitha NC, Choudhary M, Jeevan B, Anilkumar C, Raghu S, Gadratagi BG, Bag MK, Acharya LK, Ram D, Bashyal BM, Das Mohapatra S. Ustilaginoidea virens, an emerging pathogen of rice: the dynamic interplay between the pathogen virulence strategies and host defense. PLANTA 2024; 260:92. [PMID: 39261328 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The Ustilaginoidea virens -rice pathosystem has been used as a model for flower-infecting fungal pathogens. The molecular biology of the interactions between U. virens and rice, with an emphasis on the attempt to get a deeper comprehension of the false smut fungus's genomes, proteome, host range, and pathogen biology, has been investigated. Meta-QTL analysis was performed to identify potential QTL hotspots for use in marker-assisted breeding. The Rice False Smut (RFS) caused by the fungus Ustilaginoidea virens currently threatens rice cultivators across the globe. RFS infects rice panicles, causing a significant reduction in grain yield. U. virens can also parasitize other hosts though they play only a minor role in its life cycle. Furthermore, because it produces mycotoxins in edible rice grains, it puts both humans and animals at risk of health problems. Although fungicides are used to control the disease, some fungicides have enabled the pathogen to develop resistance, making its management challenging. Several QTLs have been reported but stable gene(s) that confer RFS resistance have not been discovered yet. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the pathogen, its virulence mechanisms, the genome and proteome of U. virens, and its molecular interactions with rice. In addition, information has been compiled on reported resistance QTLs, facilitating the development of a consensus genetic map using meta-QTL analysis for identifying potential QTL hotspots. Finally, this review highlights current developments and trends in U. virens-rice pathosystem research while identifying opportunities for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Sunani
- Department of Plant Pathology, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulse Research (RS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prasanna S Koti
- University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - N C Sunitha
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Manoj Choudhary
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- ICAR-National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi, India
| | - B Jeevan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India.
| | - C Anilkumar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India.
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
| | - S Raghu
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | | | - Manas Kumar Bag
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | | | - Dama Ram
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Ma Y, Flückiger I, Nicolet J, Pang J, Dickinson JB, De Bellis D, Emonet A, Fujita S, Geldner N. Comparisons of two receptor-MAPK pathways in a single cell-type reveal mechanisms of signalling specificity. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:1343-1362. [PMID: 39256564 PMCID: PMC11410668 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Cells harbour numerous receptor pathways to respond to diverse stimuli, yet often share common downstream signalling components. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascades are an example of such common hubs in eukaryotes. How such common hubs faithfully transduce distinct signals within the same cell-type is insufficiently understood, yet of fundamental importance for signal integration and processing in plants. We engineered a unique genetic background allowing direct comparisons of a developmental and an immunity pathway in one cell-type, the Arabidopsis root endodermis. We demonstrate that the two pathways maintain distinct functional and transcriptional outputs despite common MPK activity patterns. Nevertheless, activation of different MPK kinases and MPK classes led to distinct functional readouts, matching observed pathway-specific readouts. On the basis of our comprehensive analysis of core MPK signalling elements, we propose that combinatorial activation within the MPK cascade determines the differential regulation of an endodermal master transcription factor, MYB36, that drives pathway-specific gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Isabelle Flückiger
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jade Nicolet
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jia Pang
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joe B Dickinson
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Damien De Bellis
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélia Emonet
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, Auzeville Tolosane, France
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Otani M, Tojo R, Regnard S, Zheng L, Hoshi T, Ohmori S, Tachibana N, Sano T, Koshimizu S, Ichimura K, Colcombet J, Kawakami N. The MKK3 MAPK cascade integrates temperature and after-ripening signals to modulate seed germination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2404887121. [PMID: 38968100 PMCID: PMC11252986 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404887121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The timing of seed germination is controlled by the combination of internal dormancy and external factors. Temperature is a major environmental factor for seed germination. The permissive temperature range for germination is narrow in dormant seeds and expands during after-ripening (AR) (dormancy release). Quantitative trait loci analyses of preharvest sprouting in cereals have revealed that MKK3, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade protein, is a negative regulator of grain dormancy. Here, we show that the MAPKKK19/20-MKK3-MPK1/2/7/14 cascade modulates the germination temperature range in Arabidopsis seeds by elevating the germinability of the seeds at sub- and supraoptimal temperatures. The expression of MAPKKK19 and MAPKKK20 is induced around optimal temperature for germination in after-ripened seeds but repressed in dormant seeds. MPK7 activation depends on the expression levels of MAPKKK19/20, with expression occurring under conditions permissive for germination. Abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) are two major phytohormones which are involved in germination control. Activation of the MKK3 cascade represses ABA biosynthesis enzyme gene expression and induces expression of ABA catabolic enzyme and GA biosynthesis enzyme genes, resulting in expansion of the germinable temperature range. Our data demonstrate that the MKK3 cascade integrates temperature and AR signals to phytohormone metabolism and seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Otani
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
- Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Properties, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
| | - Ryo Tojo
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
| | - Sarah Regnard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay, Paris-Saclay University, CNRS, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Paris-Cité University, Evry Val d'Essonne University, Gif-sur-Yvette91190, France
| | - Lipeng Zheng
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei230031, China
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui230027, China
| | - Takumi Hoshi
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
| | - Suzuha Ohmori
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
| | - Natsuki Tachibana
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sano
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
| | - Shizuka Koshimizu
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
- Bioinformation and DDBJ Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima411-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ichimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa761-0795, Japan
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay, Paris-Saclay University, CNRS, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Paris-Cité University, Evry Val d'Essonne University, Gif-sur-Yvette91190, France
| | - Naoto Kawakami
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
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Li Y, Kamiyama Y, Minegishi F, Tamura Y, Yamashita K, Katagiri S, Takase H, Otani M, Tojo R, Rupp GE, Suzuki T, Kawakami N, Peck SC, Umezawa T. Group C MAP kinases phosphorylate MBD10 to regulate ABA-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1747-1759. [PMID: 38477703 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that promotes leaf senescence in response to environmental stress. We previously identified methyl CpG-binding domain 10 (MBD10) as a phosphoprotein that becomes differentially phosphorylated after ABA treatment in Arabidopsis. ABA-induced leaf senescence was delayed in mbd10 knockout plants but accelerated in MBD10-overexpressing plants, suggesting that MBD10 positively regulates ABA-induced leaf senescence. ABA-induced phosphorylation of MBD10 occurs in planta on Thr-89, and our results demonstrated that Thr-89 phosphorylation is essential for MBD10's function in leaf senescence. The in vivo phosphorylation of Thr-89 in MBD10 was significantly downregulated in a quadruple mutant of group C MAPKs (mpk1/2/7/14), and group C MAPKs directly phosphorylated MBD10 in vitro. Furthermore, mpk1/2/7/14 showed a similar phenotype as seen in mbd10 for ABA-induced leaf senescence, suggesting that group C MAPKs are the cognate kinases of MBD10 for Thr-89. Because group C MAPKs have been reported to function downstream of SnRK2s, our results indicate that group C MAPKs and MBD10 constitute a regulatory pathway for ABA-induced leaf senescence.
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Grants
- KAKENHI JP21H05654 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- KAKENHI JP22K19170 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- KAKENHI JP23H02497 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- KAKENHI JP23H04192 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20350427 Moonshot Research and Development Program
- JP21J10962 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangdan Li
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kamiyama
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuko Minegishi
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tamura
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Yamashita
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sotaro Katagiri
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hinano Takase
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Otani
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Tojo
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gabrielle E Rupp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, Missouri, USA
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoto Kawakami
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Scott C Peck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, Missouri, USA
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, 183-8538, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Xing K, Zhang J, Xie H, Zhang L, Zhang H, Feng L, Zhou J, Zhao Y, Rong J. Identification and analysis of MAPK cascade gene families of Camellia oleifera and their roles in response to cold stress. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:602. [PMID: 38698158 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-temperature severely limits the growth and development of Camellia oleifera (C. oleifera). The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade plays a key role in the response to cold stress. METHODS AND RESULTS Our study aims to identify MAPK cascade genes in C. oleifera and reveal their roles in response to cold stress. In our study, we systematically identified and analyzed the MAPK cascade gene families of C. oleifera, including their physical and chemical properties, conserved motifs, and multiple sequence alignments. In addition, we characterized the interacting networks of MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK)-MAPK kinase (MAPKK)-MAPK in C. oleifera. The molecular mechanism of cold stress resistance of MAPK cascade genes in wild C. oleifera was analyzed by differential gene expression and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). CONCLUSION In this study, 21 MAPKs, 4 MAPKKs and 55 MAPKKKs genes were identified in the leaf transcriptome of C. oleifera. According to the phylogenetic results, MAPKs were divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and D), MAPKKs were divided into 3 groups (A, B and D), and MAPKKKs were divided into 2 groups (MEKK and Raf). Motif analysis showed that the motifs in each subfamily were conserved, and most of the motifs in the same subfamily were basically the same. The protein interaction network based on Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) homologs revealed that MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK genes were widely involved in C. oleifera growth and development and in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Gene expression analysis revealed that the CoMAPKKK5/CoMAPKKK43/CoMAPKKK49-CoMAPKK4-CoMAPK8 module may play a key role in the cold stress resistance of wild C. oleifera at a high-elevation site in Lu Mountain (LSG). This study can facilitate the mining and utilization of genetic resources of C. oleifera with low-temperature tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Xing
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Haoxing Xie
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Lidong Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Huaxuan Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Liyun Feng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jun Rong
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
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7
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Mao X, Zheng X, Sun B, Jiang L, Zhang J, Lyu S, Yu H, Chen P, Chen W, Fan Z, Li C, Liu Q. MKK3 Cascade Regulates Seed Dormancy Through a Negative Feedback Loop Modulating ABA Signal in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:2. [PMID: 38170405 PMCID: PMC10764673 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing frequency of climatic anomalies, high temperatures and long-term rain often occur during the rice-harvesting period, especially for early rice crops in tropical and subtropical regions. Seed dormancy directly affects the resistance to pre-harvest sprouting (PHS). Therefore, in order to increase rice production, it is critical to enhance seed dormancy and avoid yield losses to PHS. The elucidation and utilization of the seed dormancy regulation mechanism is of great significance to rice production. Preliminary results indicated that the OsMKKK62-OsMKK3-OsMPK7/14 module might regulate ABA sensitivity and then control seed dormancy. The detailed mechanism is still unclear. RESULTS The overexpression of OsMKK3 resulted in serious PHS. The expression levels of OsMKK3 and OsMPK7 were upregulated by ABA and GA at germination stage. OsMKK3 and OsMPK7 are both located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The dormancy level of double knockout mutant mkk3/mft2 was lower than that of mkk3, indicating that OsMFT2 functions in the downstream of MKK3 cascade in regulating rice seeds germination. Biochemical results showed that OsMPK7 interacted with multiple core ABA signaling components according to yeast two-hybrid screening and luciferase complementation experiments, suggesting that MKK3 cascade regulates ABA signaling by modulating the core ABA signaling components. Moreover, the ABA response and ABA responsive genes of mpk7/14 were significantly higher than those of wild-type ZH11 when subjected to ABA treatment. CONCLUSION MKK3 cascade mediates the negative feedback loop of ABA signal through the interaction between OsMPK7 and core ABA signaling components in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxue Mao
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bingrui Sun
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Liqun Jiang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shuwei Lyu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Pingli Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhilan Fan
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chen Li
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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8
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Chen X, Li Q, Ding L, Zhang S, Shan S, Xiong X, Jiang W, Zhao B, Zhang L, Luo Y, Lian Y, Kong X, Ding X, Zhang J, Li C, Soppe WJJ, Xiang Y. The MKK3-MPK7 cascade phosphorylates ERF4 and promotes its rapid degradation to release seed dormancy in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1743-1758. [PMID: 37710960 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Seeds establish dormancy to delay germination until the arrival of a favorable growing season. In this study, we identify a fate switch comprised of the MKK3-MPK7 kinase cascade and the ethylene response factor ERF4 that is responsible for the seed state transition from dormancy to germination. We show that dormancy-breaking factors activate the MKK3-MPK7 module, which affects the expression of some α-EXPANSIN (EXPA) genes to control seed dormancy. Furthermore, we identify a direct downstream substrate of this module, ERF4, which suppresses the expression of these EXPAs by directly binding to the GCC boxes in their exon regions. The activated MKK3-MPK7 module phosphorylates ERF4, leading to its rapid degradation and thereby releasing its inhibitory effect on the expression of these EXPAs. Collectively, our work identifies a signaling chain consisting of protein phosphorylation, degradation, and gene transcription , by which the germination promoters within the embryo sense and are activated by germination signals from ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qiujia Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Center for Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Siyao Shan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xiong Xiong
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Wenhui Jiang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Hou Ji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Academy of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yiming Lian
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiuqin Kong
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiali Ding
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Chunli Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | | | - Yong Xiang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China.
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9
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Li Y, Hui S, Yuan Y, Ye Y, Ma X, Zhang X, Zhang S, Zhang C, Chen Y. PhyB-dependent phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade MKK2-MPK2 positively regulates red light-induced stomatal opening. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3323-3336. [PMID: 37493364 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Red light induces stomatal opening by affecting photosynthesis, metabolism and triggering signal transductions in guard cells. Phytochrome B (phyB) plays a positive role in mediating red light-induced stomatal opening. However, phyB-mediated red light guard cell signalling is poorly understood. Here, we found that phyB-mediated sequential phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 (MAPKK2, MKK2) and MPK2 in guard cells is essential for red light-induced stomatal opening. Mutations in MKK2 and MPK2 led to reduced stomatal opening in response to white light, and these phenotypes could be observed under red light, not blue light. MKK2 interacted with MPK2 in vitro and in plants. MPK2 was directly phosphorylated by MKK2 in vitro. Red light triggered the phosphorylation of MKK2 in guard cells, and MKK2 phosphorylation was greatly reduced in phyB mutant. Simultaneously, red light-stimulated MPK2 phosphorylation in guard cells was inhibited in mkk2 mutant. Furthermore, mkk2 and mpk2 mutants exhibit significantly smaller stomatal apertures than that of wild type during the stomatal opening stage in the diurnal stomatal movements. Our results indicate that red light-promoted phyB-dependent phosphorylation of MKK2-MPK2 cascade in guard cells is essential for stomatal opening, which contributes to the fine-tuning of stomatal opening apertures under light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shimiao Hui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yaxin Yuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yahong Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaohan Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunguang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Shijiazhuang, China
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10
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Truong TTT, Chiu CC, Chen JY, Su PY, Nguyen TP, Trinh NN, Mimura T, Lee RH, Chang CH, Huang HJ. Uncovering molecular mechanisms involved in microbial volatile compounds-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:143-155. [PMID: 37985583 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Microbial volatile compounds (mVCs) may cause stomatal closure to limit pathogen invasion as part of plant innate immune response. However, the mechanisms of mVC-induced stomatal closure remain unclear. In this study, we co-cultured Enterobacter aerogenes with Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings without direct contact to initiate stomatal closure. Experiments using the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive fluorescent dye, H2DCF-DA, showed that mVCs from E. aerogenes enhanced ROS production in guard cells of wild-type plants. The involvement of ROS in stomatal closure was then demonstrated in an ROS production mutant (rbohD). In addition, we identified two stages of signal transduction during E. aerogenes VC-induced stomatal closure by comparing the response of wild-type Arabidopsis with a panel of mutants. In the early stage (3 h exposure), E. aerogenes VCs induced stomatal closure in wild-type and receptor-like kinase THESEUS1 mutant (the1-1) but not in rbohD, plant hormone-related mutants (nced3, erf4, jar1-1), or MAPK kinase mutants (mkk1 and mkk3). However, in the late stage (24 h exposure), E. aerogenes VCs induced stomatal closure in wild-type and rbohD but not in nced3, erf4, jar1-1, the1-1, mkk1 or mkk3. Taken together, our results suggest that E. aerogenes mVC-induced plant immune responses modulate stomatal closure in Arabidopsis by a multi-phase mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu-Trinh Thi Truong
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Faculty of Technology, The University of Danang-Campus in Kontum, The University of Danang, Kon Tum City, 580000, Vietnam
| | - Chi-Chou Chiu
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Tri-Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ngoc-Nam Trinh
- Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, No. 12, Nguyen Van Bao, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tetsuro Mimura
- Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kameoka, Kyoto, 621-8555, Japan
| | - Ruey-Hua Lee
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Han Chang
- Graduate Program in Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
- Graduate Program in Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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11
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Majeed Y, Zhu X, Zhang N, ul-Ain N, Raza A, Haider FU, Si H. Harnessing the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases against abiotic stresses in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:932923. [PMID: 36909407 PMCID: PMC10000299 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.932923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Crop plants are vulnerable to various biotic and abiotic stresses, whereas plants tend to retain their physiological mechanisms by evolving cellular regulation. To mitigate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses, many defense mechanisms are induced in plants. One of these mechanisms is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, a signaling pathway used in the transduction of extracellular stimuli into intercellular responses. This stress signaling pathway is activated by a series of responses involving MAPKKKs→MAPKKs→MAPKs, consisting of interacting proteins, and their functions depend on the collaboration and activation of one another by phosphorylation. These proteins are key regulators of MAPK in various crop plants under abiotic stress conditions and also related to hormonal responses. It is revealed that in response to stress signaling, MAPKs are characterized as multigenic families and elaborate the specific stimuli transformation as well as the antioxidant regulation system. This pathway is directed by the framework of proteins and stopping domains confer the related associates with unique structure and functions. Early studies of plant MAPKs focused on their functions in model plants. Based on the results of whole-genome sequencing, many MAPKs have been identified in plants, such as Arbodiposis, tomato, potato, alfalfa, poplar, rice, wheat, maize, and apple. In this review, we summarized the recent work on MAPK response to abiotic stress and the classification of MAPK cascade in crop plants. Moreover, we highlighted the modern research methodologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics, CRISPR/Cas technology, and epigenetic studies, which proposed, identified, and characterized the novel genes associated with MAPKs and their role in plants under abiotic stress conditions. In-silico-based identification of novel MAPK genes also facilitates future research on MAPK cascade identification and function in crop plants under various stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Majeed
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Noor ul-Ain
- Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University (FAFU) and University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign-School of Integrative Biology (UIUC-SIB) Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huaijun Si
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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12
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Kumar A, Fitoussi N, Sanadhya P, Sichov N, Bucki P, Bornstein M, Belausuv E, Brown Miyara S. Two Candidate Meloidogyne javanica Effector Genes, MjShKT and MjPUT3: A Functional Investigation of Their Roles in Regulating Nematode Parasitism. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:79-94. [PMID: 36324054 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-22-0212-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During parasitism, root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. inject molecules termed effectors that have multifunctional roles in construction and maintenance of nematode feeding sites. As an outcome of transcriptomic analysis of Meloidogyne javanica, we identified and characterized two differentially expressed genes encoding the predicted proteins MjShKT, carrying a Stichodactyla toxin (ShKT) domain, and MjPUT3, carrying a ground-like domain, both expressed during nematode parasitism of the tomato plant. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization revealed expression of MjShKT and MjPUT3 in the dorsal esophageal glands, suggesting their injection into host cells. MjShKT expression was upregulated during the parasitic life stages, to a maximum at the mature female stage, whereas MjPUT3 expression increased in third- to fourth-stage juveniles. Subcellular in-planta localization of MjShKT and MjPUT3 using a fused fluorescence marker indicated MjShKT co-occurrence with the endoplasmic reticulum, the perinuclear endoplasmatic reticulum, and the Golgi organelle markers, while MjPUT3 localized, to some extent, within the endoplasmatic reticulum and was clearly observed within the nucleoplasm. MjShKT inhibited programmed cell death induced by overexpression of MAPKKKα and Gpa2/RBP-1. Overexpression of MjShKT in tomato hairy roots allowed an increase in nematode reproduction, as indicated by the high number of eggs produced on roots overexpressing MjShKT. Roots overexpressing MjPUT3 were characterized by enhanced root growth, with no effect on nematode development on those roots. Investigation of the two candidate effectors suggested that MjShKT is mainly involved in manipulating the plant effector-triggered immune response toward establishment and maintenance of active feeding sites, whereas MjPUT3 might modulate roots morphology in favor of nematode fitness in the host roots. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry units, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Nathalia Fitoussi
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry units, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Payal Sanadhya
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry units, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Natalia Sichov
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry units, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Patricia Bucki
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry units, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Menachem Bornstein
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausuv
- Department of Plant Sciences, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Sigal Brown Miyara
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry units, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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13
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Chang CH, Wang WG, Su PY, Chen YS, Nguyen TP, Xu J, Ohme-Takagi M, Mimura T, Hou PF, Huang HJ. The involvement of AtMKK1 and AtMKK3 in plant-deleterious microbial volatile compounds-induced defense responses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:21-36. [PMID: 36109466 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant-deleterious microbial volatiles activate the transactivation of hypoxia, MAMPs and wound responsive genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. AtMKK1 and AtMKK3 are involved in the plant-deleterious microbial volatiles-induced defense responses. Microbial volatile compounds (mVCs) are a collection of volatile metabolites from microorganisms with biological effects on all living organisms. mVCs function as gaseous modulators of plant growth and plant health. In this study, the defense events induced by plant-deleterious mVCs were investigated. Enterobacter aerogenes VCs lead to growth inhibition and immune responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. E. aerogenes VCs negatively regulate auxin response and transport gene expression in the root tip, as evidenced by decreased expression of DR5::GFP, PIN3::PIN3-GFP and PIN4::PIN4-GFP. Data from transcriptional analysis suggests that E. aerogenes VCs trigger hypoxia response, innate immune responses and metabolic processes. In addition, the transcript levels of the genes involved in the synthetic pathways of antimicrobial metabolites camalexin and coumarin are increased after the E. aerogenes VCs exposure. Moreover, we demonstrate that MKK1 serves as a regulator of camalexin biosynthesis gene expression in response to E. aerogenes VCs, while MKK3 is the regulator of coumarin biosynthesis gene expression. Additionally, MKK1 and MKK3 mediate the E. aerogenes VCs-induced callose deposition. Collectively, these studies provide molecular insights into immune responses by plant-deleterious mVCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Han Chang
- Graduate Program in Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Guei Wang
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shuo Chen
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tri-Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Plant Systems Physiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Masaru Ohme-Takagi
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tetsuro Mimura
- Graduate Program in Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Fu Hou
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jen Huang
- Graduate Program in Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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14
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Identification and Expression Analysis of MPK and MKK Gene Families in Pecan ( Carya illinoinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315190. [PMID: 36499523 PMCID: PMC9737717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases consist of three kinase modules composed of MPKs, MKKs, and MPKKKs. As members of the protein kinase (PK) superfamily, they are involved in various processes, such as developmental programs, cell division, hormonal progression, and signaling responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a total of 18 MPKs and 10 MKKs were annotated on the pecan genome, all of which could be classified into four subgroups, respectively. The gene structures and conserved sequences of family members in the same branch were relatively similar. All MPK proteins had a conserved motif TxY, and D(L/I/V)K and VGTxxYMSPER existed in all MKK proteins. Duplication events contributed largely to the expansion of the pecan MPK and MKK gene families. Phylogenetic analysis of protein sequences from six plants indicated that species evolution occurred in pecan. Organ-specific expression profiles of MPK and MKK showed functional diversity. Ka/Ks values indicated that all genes with duplicated events underwent strong negative selection. Seven CiPawMPK and four CiPawMKK genes with high expression levels were screened by transcriptomic data from different organs, and these candidates were validated by qRT-PCR analysis of hormone-treated and stressed samples.
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15
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Yang Y, Wu C, Shan W, Wei W, Zhao Y, Kuang J, Chen J, Jiang Y, Lu W. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14-mediated phosphorylation of MaMYB4 negatively regulates banana fruit ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 10:uhac243. [PMID: 36643754 PMCID: PMC9832833 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/MPK) cascades play crucial parts in plant growth, development processes, immune ability, and stress responses; however, the regulatory mechanism by which MAPK affects fruit ripening remains largely unexplored. Here, we reported that MaMPK14 cooperated with MaMYB4 to mediate postharvest banana fruit ripening. Transient overexpression of individual MaMPK14 and MaMYB4 in banana fruit delayed fruit ripening, confirming the negative roles in the ripening. The ripening negative regulator MaMYB4 could repress the transcription of genes associated with ethylene biosynthesis and fruit softening, such as MaACS1, MaXTH5, MaPG3, and MaEXPA15. Furthermore, MaMPK14 phosphorylated MaMYB4 at Ser160 via a direct interaction. Mutation at Ser160 of MaMYB4 reduced its interaction with MaMPK14 but did not affect its subcellular localization. Importantly, phosphorylation of MaMYB4 by MaMPK14 enhanced the MaMYB4-mediated transcriptional inhibition, binding strength, protein stability, and the repression of fruit ripening. Taken together, our results delineated the regulation pathway of MAPK module during banana fruit ripening, which involved the phosphorylation modification of MaMYB4 mediated by MaMPK14.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianfei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Wangjin Lu
- Corresponding author. Email address: (W. Lu). Telephone: +86-020-85285527. Fax: +86-020-85285527
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16
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Sahu PK, Jayalakshmi K, Tilgam J, Gupta A, Nagaraju Y, Kumar A, Hamid S, Singh HV, Minkina T, Rajput VD, Rajawat MVS. ROS generated from biotic stress: Effects on plants and alleviation by endophytic microbes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1042936. [PMID: 36352882 PMCID: PMC9638130 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1042936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic living is thought to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are an inevitable chemical component. They are produced exclusively in cellular compartments in aerobic metabolism involving significant energy transfer and are regarded as by-products. ROS have a significant role in plant response to pathogenic stress, but the pattern varies between necrotrophs and biotrophs. A fine-tuned systemic induction system is involved in ROS-mediated disease development in plants. In regulated concentrations, ROS act as a signaling molecule and activate different pathways to suppress the pathogens. However, an excess of these ROS is deleterious to the plant system. Along with altering cell structure, ROS cause a variety of physiological reactions in plants that lower plant yield. ROS also degrade proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, and other substances. Plants have their own mechanisms to overcome excess ROS and maintain homeostasis. Microbes, especially endophytes, have been reported to maintain ROS homeostasis in both biotic and abiotic stresses by multiple mechanisms. Endophytes themselves produce antioxidant compounds and also induce host plant machinery to supplement ROS scavenging. The structured reviews on how endophytes play a role in ROS homeostasis under biotic stress were very meager, so an attempt was made to compile the recent developments in ROS homeostasis using endophytes. This review deals with ROS production, mechanisms involved in ROS signaling, host plant mechanisms in alleviating oxidative stress, and the roles of endophytes in maintaining ROS homeostasis under biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar Sahu
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K. Jayalakshmi
- Plant Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Directorate of Onion Garlic Research, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jyotsana Tilgam
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amrita Gupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Yalavarthi Nagaraju
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Harsh Vardhan Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Mahendra Vikram Singh Rajawat
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Shi Z, Zhao B, Song W, Liu Y, Zhou M, Wang J, Zhao J, Ren W. Genome-wide identification and characterization of the MAPKKK, MKK, and MPK families in Chinese elite maize inbred line Huangzaosi. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20216. [PMID: 35535627 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MPK) cascades consist of three protein kinase components, MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs), MAPK kinases (MKKs and MPKs), which are indispensable for various plant physiological processes. The functions of MAPK families have been extensively studied in maize (Zea mays L.) and other plant species, but little is known about MAPK families in the elite Chinese maize line Huangzaosi (hzs). In this study, we observed that overall performance of Huangzaosi was substantially better than that of B73 under drought conditions at the seedling and V16 stages with a favorable root/canopy ratio. In silico analyses identified 72, 10, and 24 MAPKKKs, MKKs, and MPKs, respectively, in Huangzaosi. Examinations of phylogenetic relationships among Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., rice (Oryza sativa L.), and maize (lines B73 and hzs), gene structures, conserved protein motifs, and chromosomal locations revealed their evolutionary relationships. The basal gene expression levels and tissue specificities of all three MAPK families in hzs reflected the diversity in the MAPK functions related to growth and development. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay indicated that certain MAPK genes with high basal expression levels in the primary and crown roots responded differentially to drought between B73 and hzs, suggesting that these genes may contribute to their distinct drought tolerance at different developmental stages. The important information regarding the evolution and expression of hzs MAPK family members generated in this study provides a new avenue for the better understanding on the regulatory mechanism of MAPK cascade in the core inbred line hzs, which may be useful to guide the development of new maize cultivars with desirable traits (e.g., drought resistance).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Bingbing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Miaoyi Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jiarong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wen Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
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18
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Min CW, Jang JW, Lee GH, Gupta R, Yoon J, Park HJ, Cho HS, Park SR, Kwon SW, Cho LH, Jung KH, Kim YJ, Wang Y, Kim ST. TMT-based quantitative membrane proteomics identified PRRs potentially involved in the perception of MSP1 in rice leaves. J Proteomics 2022; 267:104687. [PMID: 35914717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) play a key role in triggering PAMPs triggered immunity (PTI) in plants. In the case of the rice-Magnaporthe oryzae pathosystem, fewer PAMPs and their pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been characterized. Recently, a M. oryzae snodprot1 homolog protein (MSP1) has been identified that functions as PAMP and triggering the PTI responses in rice. However, the molecular mechanism underlying MSP1-induced PTI is currently elusive. Therefore, we generated MSP1 overexpressed transgenic lines of rice, and a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative membrane proteomic analysis was employed to decipher the potential MSP1-induced signaling in rice using total cytosolic as well as membrane protein fractions. This approach led to the identification of 8033 proteins of which 1826 were differentially modulated in response to overexpression of MSP1 and/or exogenous jasmonic acid treatment. Of these, 20 plasma membrane-localized receptor-like kinases (RLKs) showed increased abundance in MSP1 overexpression lines. Moreover, activation of proteins related to the protein degradation and modification, calcium signaling, redox, and MAPK signaling was observed in transgenic lines expressing MSP1 in the apoplast. Taken together, our results identified potential PRR candidates involved in MSP1 recognition and suggested the overview mechanism of the MSP1-induced PTI signaling in rice leaves. SIGNIFICANCE: In plants, recognition of pathogen pathogen-derived molecules, such as PAMPs, by plant plant-derived PRRs has an essential role for in the activation of PTI against pathogen invasion. Typically, PAMPs are recognized by plasma membrane (PM) localized PRRs, however, identifying the PM-localized PRR proteins is challenging due to their low abundance. In this study, we performed an integrated membrane protein enrichment by microsomal membrane extraction (MME) method and subsequent TMT-labeling-based quantitative proteomic analysis using MSP1 overexpressed rice. Based on these results, we successfully identified various intracellular and membrane membrane-localized proteins that participated in the MSP1-induced immune response and characterized the potential PM-localized PRR candidates in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Jang
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hyun Lee
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmi Yoon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Park
- Plant System Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Cho
- Plant System Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ryeol Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Wook Kwon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Lae-Hyeon Cho
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea.
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Mostafa S, Wang Y, Zeng W, Jin B. Plant Responses to Herbivory, Wounding, and Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137031. [PMID: 35806046 PMCID: PMC9266417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have various self-defense mechanisms against biotic attacks, involving both physical and chemical barriers. Physical barriers include spines, trichomes, and cuticle layers, whereas chemical barriers include secondary metabolites (SMs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Complex interactions between plants and herbivores occur. Plant responses to insect herbivory begin with the perception of physical stimuli, chemical compounds (orally secreted by insects and herbivore-induced VOCs) during feeding. Plant cell membranes then generate ion fluxes that create differences in plasma membrane potential (Vm), which provokes the initiation of signal transduction, the activation of various hormones (e.g., jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene), and the release of VOCs and SMs. This review of recent studies of plant–herbivore–infection interactions focuses on early and late plant responses, including physical barriers, signal transduction, SM production as well as epigenetic regulation, and phytohormone responses.
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20
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Substrate Identification in Plant Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052744. [PMID: 35269886 PMCID: PMC8911294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) form tightly controlled signaling cascades that play essential roles in plant growth, development, and defense response. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying MAPK cascades are still very elusive, largely because of our poor understanding of how they relay the signals. The MAPK cascade is composed of MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK. They transfer signals through the phosphorylation of MAPKKK, MAPKK, and MAPK in turn. MAPKs are organized into a complex network for efficient transmission of specific stimuli. This review summarizes the research progress in recent years on the classification and functions of MAPK cascades under various conditions in plants, especially the research status and general methods available for identifying MAPK substrates, and provides suggestions for future research directions.
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21
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Zhou M, Zhao B, Li H, Ren W, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Zhao J. Comprehensive analysis of MAPK cascade genes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) reveals SbMPK14 as a potential target for drought sensitivity regulation. Genomics 2022; 114:110311. [PMID: 35176445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade plays a crucial role in regulating many important biological processes in plants. Here, we identified and characterized eight MAPKK and 49 MAPKKK genes in sorghum and analyzed their differential expression under drought treatment; we also characterized 16 sorghum MAPK genes. RNA-seq analysis revealed that 10 MAPK cascade genes were involved in drought stress response at the transcriptome level in sorghum. Overexpression of SbMPK14 in Arabidopsis and maize resulted in hypersensitivity to drought by promoting water loss, indicating that SbMPK14 functions as a negative regulator of the drought response. Subsequent transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR verification of maize SbMPK14 overexpression lines revealed that SbMPK14 likely increases plant drought sensitivity by suppressing the activity of specific ERF and WRKY transcription factors. This comprehensive study provides valuable insight into the mechanistic basis of MAPK cascade gene function and their responses to drought in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyi Zhou
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Bingbing Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330046, China
| | - Hanshuai Li
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wen Ren
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China; College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China.
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22
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Jethva J, Schmidt RR, Sauter M, Selinski J. Try or Die: Dynamics of Plant Respiration and How to Survive Low Oxygen Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11020205. [PMID: 35050092 PMCID: PMC8780655 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations in oxygen (O2) availability occur as a result of flooding, which is periodically encountered by terrestrial plants. Plant respiration and mitochondrial energy generation rely on O2 availability. Therefore, decreased O2 concentrations severely affect mitochondrial function. Low O2 concentrations (hypoxia) induce cellular stress due to decreased ATP production, depletion of energy reserves and accumulation of metabolic intermediates. In addition, the transition from low to high O2 in combination with light changes-as experienced during re-oxygenation-leads to the excess formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, we will update our current knowledge about the mechanisms enabling plants to adapt to low-O2 environments, and how to survive re-oxygenation. New insights into the role of mitochondrial retrograde signaling, chromatin modification, as well as moonlighting proteins and mitochondrial alternative electron transport pathways (and their contribution to low O2 tolerance and survival of re-oxygenation), are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Jethva
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (J.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Romy R. Schmidt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Margret Sauter
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (J.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Jennifer Selinski
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Christian-Albrechts University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)431-880-4245
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23
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Gu X, Huang S, Zhu Z, Ma Y, Yang X, Yao L, Gao X, Zhang M, Liu W, Qiu L, Zhao H, Wang Q, Li Z, Li Z, Meng Q, Yang S, Wang C, Hu X, Ding J. Genome-wide association of single nucleotide polymorphism loci and candidate genes for frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina) resistance in soybean. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:588. [PMID: 34895144 PMCID: PMC8665500 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frogeye leaf spot (FLS) is a destructive fungal disease that affects soybean production. The most economical and effective strategy to control FLS is the use of resistant cultivars. However, the use of a limited number of resistant loci in FLS management will be countered by the emergence of new high-virulence Cercospora sojina races. Therefore, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control resistance to FLS and identified novel resistant genes using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 234 Chinese soybean cultivars. RESULTS A total of 30,890 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to estimate linkage disequilibrium (LD) and population structure. The GWAS results showed four loci (p < 0.0001) distributed over chromosomes (Chr.) 5 and 20, that are significantly associated with FLS resistance. No previous studies have reported resistance loci in these regions. Subsequently, 45 genes in the two resistance-related haplotype blocks were annotated. Among them, Glyma20g31630 encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), Glyma05g28980, which encodes mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 (MPK7), and Glyma20g31510, Glyma20g31520 encoding calcium-dependent protein kinase 4 (CDPK4) in the haplotype blocks deserves special attention. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that GWAS can be employed as an effective strategy for identifying disease resistance traits in soybean and narrowing SNPs and candidate genes. The prediction of candidate genes in the haplotype blocks identified by disease resistance loci can provide a useful reference to study systemic disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gu
- Wuhu Institute of Technology, Wuhu, 241003, China
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Harmful Biology of Crop Scientific Monitoring Station Jiamusi Experiment Station, China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beidahuang Kenfeng Seed Co., Ltd., Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhu
- Wuhu Institute of Technology, Wuhu, 241003, China
| | - Yansong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beidahuang Kenfeng Seed Co., Ltd., Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaohe Yang
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Harmful Biology of Crop Scientific Monitoring Station Jiamusi Experiment Station, China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Liangliang Yao
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Harmful Biology of Crop Scientific Monitoring Station Jiamusi Experiment Station, China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Xuedong Gao
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Harmful Biology of Crop Scientific Monitoring Station Jiamusi Experiment Station, China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Maoming Zhang
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Harmful Biology of Crop Scientific Monitoring Station Jiamusi Experiment Station, China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Harmful Biology of Crop Scientific Monitoring Station Jiamusi Experiment Station, China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Lei Qiu
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Harmful Biology of Crop Scientific Monitoring Station Jiamusi Experiment Station, China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Haihong Zhao
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Harmful Biology of Crop Scientific Monitoring Station Jiamusi Experiment Station, China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Qingsheng Wang
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Harmful Biology of Crop Scientific Monitoring Station Jiamusi Experiment Station, China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Zengjie Li
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Harmful Biology of Crop Scientific Monitoring Station Jiamusi Experiment Station, China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Harmful Biology of Crop Scientific Monitoring Station Jiamusi Experiment Station, China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Qingying Meng
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Harmful Biology of Crop Scientific Monitoring Station Jiamusi Experiment Station, China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Potato Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beidahuang Kenfeng Seed Co., Ltd., Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beidahuang Kenfeng Seed Co., Ltd., Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Junjie Ding
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Harmful Biology of Crop Scientific Monitoring Station Jiamusi Experiment Station, China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA, Jiamusi, 154007, China.
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Hu J, Ren B, Dong S, Liu P, Zhao B, Zhang J. 6-Benzyladenine increasing subsequent waterlogging-induced waterlogging tolerance of summer maize by increasing hormone signal transduction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1509:89-112. [PMID: 34766352 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Summer maize is frequently subjected to waterlogging damage because of increased and variable rainfall during the growing season. The application of 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) can effectively mitigate the waterlogging effects on plant growth and increase the grain yield of waterlogged summer maize. However, the mechanisms underlying this process and the involvement of 6-BA in relevant signal transduction pathways remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of 6-BA on waterlogged summer maize using a phosphoproteomic technique to better understand the mechanism by which summer maize growth improves following waterlogging. Application of 6-BA inhibited the waterlogging-induced increase in abscisic acid (ABA) content and increased the phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in ABA signaling; accordingly, stomatal responsiveness to exogenous ABA increased. In addition, the application of 6-BA had a long-term effect on signal transduction pathways and contributed to rapid responses to subsequent stresses. Plants primed with 6-BA accumulated more ethylene and jasmonic acid in response to subsequent waterlogging; accordingly, leaf SPAD, antioxidase activity, and root traits improved by 6-BA priming. These results suggest that the effects of 6-BA on hormone signal transduction pathways are anamnestic, which enables plants to show faster or stronger defense responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Baizhao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shuting Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
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25
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Zhao L, Yan J, Xiang Y, Sun Y, Zhang A. ZmWRKY104 Transcription Factor Phosphorylated by ZmMPK6 Functioning in ABA-Induced Antioxidant Defense and Enhance Drought Tolerance in Maize. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090893. [PMID: 34571770 PMCID: PMC8467104 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Current knowledge about the downstream substrate proteins of MAPKs is still limited. Our study screened a new WRKY IIa transcription factor as the substrate protein of ZmMPK6, and its phosphorylation at Thr-59 is critical to the role of ZmWRKY104 in ABA-induced antioxidant defense. Moreover, overexpression ZmWRKY104 in maize enhances the drought tolerance of transgenic plants. These findings define a mechanism for the function of ZmWRKY104 phosphorylated by ZmMPK6 in ABA-induced antioxidant defense and drought tolerance. Abstract Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are primary signaling pathways involved in various signaling pathways triggered by abiotic and biotic stresses in plants. The downstream substrate proteins of MAPKs in maize, however, are still limited. Here, we screened a WRKY IIa transcription factor (TF) in maize (Zeamays L.), ZmWRKY104, and found that it is a substrate of ZmMPK6. ZmWRKY104 physically interacts with ZmMPK6 in vitro and in vivo. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis results showed that threonine-59 (Thr-59, T59) was the major phosphorylation site of ZmWRKY104 by ZmMPK6. Subcellular localization analysis suggested that ZmWRKY104 acts in the nucleus and that ZmMPK6 acts in the nucleus and cytoplasmic membrane in the cytosol. Functional analysis revealed that the role of ZmWRKY104 in ABA-induced antioxidant defense depends on ZmMPK6. Moreover, overexpression of ZmWRKY104 in maize can enhance drought tolerance and relieve drought-induced oxidative damage in transgenic lines. The above results help define the mechanism of the function of ZmWRKY104 phosphorylated by ZmMPK6 in ABA-induced antioxidant defense and drought tolerance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jingwei Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yang Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Aying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8439-9078
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Rufián JS, Rueda-Blanco J, López-Márquez D, Macho AP, Beuzón CR, Ruiz-Albert J. The bacterial effector HopZ1a acetylates MKK7 to suppress plant immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1138-1156. [PMID: 33960430 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Pseudomonas syringae type III secretion system translocates effector proteins into the host cell cytosol to suppress plant basal immunity. Effector HopZ1a suppresses local and systemic immunity triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and effectors, through target acetylation. HopZ1a has been shown to target several plant proteins, but none fully substantiates HopZ1a-associated immune suppression. Here, we investigate Arabidopsis thaliana mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MKKs) as potential targets, focusing on AtMKK7, a positive regulator of local and systemic immunity. We analyse HopZ1a interference with AtMKK7 by translocation of HopZ1a from bacteria inoculated into Arabidopsis expressing MKK7 from an inducible promoter. Reciprocal phenotypes are analysed on plants expressing a construct quenching MKK7 native expression. We analyse HopZ1a-MKK7 interaction by three independent methods, and the relevance of acetylation by in vitro kinase and in planta functional assays. We demonstrate the AtMKK7 contribution to immune signalling showing MKK7-dependent flg22-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, MAP kinas (MAPK) activation and callose deposition, plus AvrRpt2-triggered MKK7-dependent signalling. Furthermore, we demonstrate HopZ1a suppression of all MKK7-dependent responses, HopZ1a-MKK7 interaction in planta and HopZ1a acetylation of MKK7 with a lysine required for full kinase activity. We demonstrate that HopZ1a targets AtMKK7 to suppress local and systemic plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José S Rufián
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Javier Rueda-Blanco
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
| | - Diego López-Márquez
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
| | - Alberto P Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Carmen R Beuzón
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Albert
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
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Chen X, Wang W, Cai P, Wang Z, Li T, Du Y. The role of the MAP kinase-kinase protein StMKK1 in potato immunity to different pathogens. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:117. [PMID: 34059659 PMCID: PMC8167122 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important roles in plant immunity. Previously, we reported that the potato StMKK1 protein negatively regulates Nicotiana benthamiana resistance to Phytophthora infestans. However, the functions of StMKK1 in potato immunity are unknown. To investigate the roles of StMKK1 in potato resistance to different pathogens, such as the potato late-blight pathogen P. infestans, the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, and the gray-mold fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, we generated StMKK1 transgenic lines and investigated the response of potato transformants to destructive oomycete, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. The results showed that overexpression and silencing of StMKK1 do not alter plant growth and development. Interestingly, we found that StMKK1 negatively regulated potato resistance to the hemibiotrophic/biotrophic pathogens P. infestans and R. solanacearum, while it positively regulated potato resistance to the necrotrophic pathogen B. cinerea. Further investigation showed that overexpression of StMKK1 suppressed potato pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and salicylic acid (SA)-related responses, while silencing of StMKK1 enhanced PTI and SA-related immune responses. Taken together, our results showed that StMKK1 plays dual roles in potato defense against different plant pathogens via negative regulation of PTI and SA-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Pingping Cai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Yu Du
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Zhao Y, Li SL, Chen HY, Zou Y, Zheng QW, Guo LQ, Wu GH, Lu J, Lin JF, Ye ZW. Enhancement of carotenoid production and its regulation in edible mushroom Cordyceps militaris by abiotic stresses. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 148:109808. [PMID: 34116757 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris carotenoids are widely used as food additives, animal feed supplements, and so on. However, the biosynthetic pathway of carotenoids in C. militaris is still obscure. In this paper, changes of mycelial morphology and carotenoid accumulation of C. militaris were investigated under oxidative (KMnO4) and osmotic stress (NaCl). Subsequently, qRT-PCR was employed to detect the expression levels of genes related to carotenogenesis to explore the mechanism of adaptation to abiotic stress. When the concentrations of KMnO4 and NaCl were respectively 0.4 g/L and 2 g/L, carotenoid accumulation reached a maximum of 6616.82 ± 666.43 μg/g and 6416.77 ± 537.02 μg/g. Under the oxidative stress condition of KMnO4, the expressions of psy and hsp70 increased significantly compared with control. Besides, the genes fus3 and hog1 were significantly enriched in the MAPK signal pathway. Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in expression of psy in the NaCl group. Moreover, the accumulation of triacylglycerols may contribute significantly to the increase in carotenoid accumulation. The increased accumulation of antioxidant carotenoids induced under environmental stress is to resist oxidative conditions. Fus3 and Hog1 signaling in the MAPK pathway was activated and subsequently take effects on the resistance of oxidative condition by regulating related metabolic processes. C. militaris resist the stress of high oxygen by producing a large amount of glycerol and carotenoids when this fungus is cultured in a saline environment for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shu-Li Li
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hai-Ying Chen
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qian-Wang Zheng
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Li-Qiong Guo
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guang-Hong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jun-Fang Lin
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Yu J, Kang L, Li Y, Wu C, Zheng C, Liu P, Huang J. RING finger protein RGLG1 and RGLG2 negatively modulate MAPKKK18 mediated drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:484-493. [PMID: 32970364 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase 18 (MAPKKK18) mediated signaling cascade plays important roles in Arabidopsis drought stress tolerance. However, the post-translational modulation patterns of MAPKKK18 are not characterized. In this study, we found that the protein level of MAPKKK18 was tightly controlled by the 26S proteasome. Ubiquitin ligases RGLG1 and RGLG2 ubiquitinated MAPKKK18 at lysine residue K32 and K154, and promoted its degradation. Deletion of RGLG1 and RGLG2 stabilized MAPKKK18 and further enhanced the drought stress tolerance of MAPKKK18-overexpression plants. Our data demonstrate that RGLG1 and RGLG2 negatively regulate MAPKKK18-mediated drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Lu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Changai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Chengchao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Pei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Jinguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
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Zhu X, Zhang N, Liu X, Li S, Yang J, Hong X, Wang F, Si H. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 (MAPK11) maintains growth and photosynthesis of potato plant under drought condition. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:491-506. [PMID: 33388892 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE StMAPK11 overexpression promotes potato growth, physiological activities and photosynthesis under drought conditions. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are import regulators of MAPK pathway in plants under drought condition. However, the critical role in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) drought resistance is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of StMAPK11 under drought stress. The result of RT-qPCR for assay of StMAPKs expression demonstrated that 15 StMAPKs were differentially expressed in leaves, flowers, petioles, stamens, pistils, stems, stolons, roots, tubers and tuber peels of potato. StMAPKs was dynamically modulated by abiotic stresses and plant hormone treatments, and StMAPK11 was apparently up-regulated under drought conditions. Therefore, the vectors pCPB-StMAPK11 and pCPBI121-miRmapk11 for over-expression and down-regulation of StMAPK11 were constructed, respectively, and introduced into potato cultivar Atlantic. The result showed that StMAPK11 promoted potato growth under drought conditions, as well as the physiological activities evidenced by changes in SOD, CAT and POD activity and H2O2, proline and MDA content. StMAPK11 up-regulation intensified drought resistance of potato plant by elevating antioxidant activities and photosynthesis. Moreover, we consolidated the protective role of StMAPK11 in tobacco and Arabidopsis against drought stress. The result could provide new insights into the function of StMAPK11 in drought response and its possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shigui Li
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Yang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xusheng Hong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaijun Si
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
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Dvořák P, Krasylenko Y, Zeiner A, Šamaj J, Takáč T. Signaling Toward Reactive Oxygen Species-Scavenging Enzymes in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:618835. [PMID: 33597960 PMCID: PMC7882706 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.618835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules essential for plant responses to abiotic and biotic stimuli as well as for multiple developmental processes. They are produced as byproducts of aerobic metabolism and are affected by adverse environmental conditions. The ROS content is controlled on the side of their production but also by scavenging machinery. Antioxidant enzymes represent a major ROS-scavenging force and are crucial for stress tolerance in plants. Enzymatic antioxidant defense occurs as a series of redox reactions for ROS elimination. Therefore, the deregulation of the antioxidant machinery may lead to the overaccumulation of ROS in plants, with negative consequences both in terms of plant development and resistance to environmental challenges. The transcriptional activation of antioxidant enzymes accompanies the long-term exposure of plants to unfavorable environmental conditions. Fast ROS production requires the immediate mobilization of the antioxidant defense system, which may occur via retrograde signaling, redox-based modifications, and the phosphorylation of ROS detoxifying enzymes. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge on signaling processes regulating the enzymatic antioxidant capacity of plants.
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Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of MKK and MAPK Gene Families in Brassica Species and Response to Stress in Brassica napus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020544. [PMID: 33430412 PMCID: PMC7827818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are common and conserved signal transduction pathways and play important roles in various biotic and abiotic stress responses and growth and developmental processes in plants. With the advancement of sequencing technology, more systematic genetic information is being explored. The work presented here focuses on two protein families in Brassica species: MAPK kinases (MKKs) and their phosphorylation substrates MAPKs. Forty-seven MKKs and ninety-two MAPKs were identified and extensively analyzed from two tetraploid (B. juncea and B. napus) and three diploid (B. nigra, B. oleracea, and B. rapa) Brassica species. Phylogenetic relationships clearly distinguished both MKK and MAPK families into four groups, labeled A–D, which were also supported by gene structure and conserved protein motif analysis. Furthermore, their spatial and temporal expression patterns and response to stresses (cold, drought, heat, and shading) were analyzed, indicating that BnaMKK and BnaMAPK transcript levels were generally modulated by growth, development, and stress signals. In addition, several protein interaction pairs between BnaMKKs and C group BnaMAPKs were detected by yeast two-hybrid assays, in which BnaMKK3 and BnaMKK9 showed strong interactions with BnaMAPK1/2/7, suggesting that interaction between BnaMKKs and C group BnaMAPKs play key roles in the crosstalk between growth and development processes and abiotic stresses. Taken together, our data provide a deeper foundation for the evolutionary and functional characterization of MKK and MAPK gene families in Brassica species, paving the way for unraveling the biological roles of these important signaling molecules in plants.
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Ali A, Chu N, Ma P, Javed T, Zaheer U, Huang MT, Fu HY, Gao SJ. Genome-wide analysis of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase gene family expression in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in sugarcane. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:86-107. [PMID: 32909626 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To systematically analyze mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase gene families and their expression profiles in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids; Sh) under diverse biotic and abiotic stresses, we identified 15 ShMAPKs, 6 ShMAPKKs and 16 ShMAPKKKs genes in the sugarcane cultivar R570 genome. These were also confirmed in one S. spontaneum genome and two transcriptome datasets of sugarcane trigged by Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (Aaa) and Xanthomonas albilineans (Xa) infections. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that four subgroups were present in each ShMAPK and ShMAPKK family and three sub-families (RAF, MEKK and ZIK) presented in the ShMAPKKK family. Conserved protein motif and gene structure analyses supported the evolutionary relationships of the three families inferred from the phylogenetic analysis. All of the ShMAPK, ShMAPKK and ShMAPKKK genes identified in Saccharum spp. R570 were distributed on chromosomes 1-7 and 9-10. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses indicated that ShMAPK07 and ShMAPKKK02 were defense-responsive genes in sugarcane challenged by both Aaa and Xa stimuli, while some genes were upregulated specifically by Aaa and Xa infection. Additionally, ShMAPK05 acted as a negative regulator under drought and salinity stress, but served as a positive regulator under salicylic acid (SA) treatment. ShMAPK07 plays a positive role under drought stress, but a negative role under SA treatment. ShMAPKKK01 was negatively modulated by both salinity stress and SA treatment, whereas ShMAPKKK06 was positively regulated by both of the two stress stimuli. Our results suggest that members of MAPK cascade gene families regulate adverse stress responses through multiple signal transduction pathways in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Na Chu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Panpan Ma
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Talha Javed
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Uroosa Zaheer
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Mei-Ting Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hua-Ying Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - San-Ji Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Wang Z, Gou X. Receptor-Like Protein Kinases Function Upstream of MAPKs in Regulating Plant Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207638. [PMID: 33076465 PMCID: PMC7590044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a group of protein kinase broadly involved in various signal pathways in eukaryotes. In plants, MAPK cascades regulate growth, development, stress responses and immunity by perceiving signals from the upstream regulators and transmitting the phosphorylation signals to the downstream signaling components. To reveal the interactions between MAPK cascades and their upstream regulators is important for understanding the functional mechanisms of MAPKs in the life span of higher plants. Typical receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are plasma membrane-located to perceive endogenous or exogenous signal molecules in regulating plant growth, development and immunity. MAPK cascades bridge the extracellular signals and intracellular transcription factors in many RLK-mediated signaling pathways. This review focuses on the current findings that RLKs regulate plant development through MAPK cascades and discusses questions that are worth investigating in the near future.
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Abulfaraj AA. Stepwise signal transduction cascades under salt stress in leaves of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1807408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aala Abdulaziz Abulfaraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science and Arts College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Expanding the Toolkit of Fluorescent Biosensors for Studying Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155350. [PMID: 32731410 PMCID: PMC7432370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key regulators of numerous biological processes in plants. To better understand the mechanisms by which these kinases function, high resolution measurement of MAPK activation kinetics in different biological contexts would be beneficial. One method to measure MAPK activation in plants is via fluorescence-based genetically-encoded biosensors, which can provide real-time readouts of the temporal and spatial dynamics of kinase activation in living tissue. Although fluorescent biosensors have been widely used to study MAPK dynamics in animal cells, there is currently only one MAPK biosensor that has been described for use in plants. To facilitate creation of additional plant-specific MAPK fluorescent biosensors, we report the development of two new tools: an in vitro assay for efficiently characterizing MAPK docking domains and a translocation-based kinase biosensor for use in plants. The implementation of these two methods has allowed us to expand the available pool of plant MAPK biosensors, while also providing a means to generate more specific and selective MAPK biosensors in the future. Biosensors developed using these methods have the potential to enhance our understanding of the roles MAPKs play in diverse plant signaling networks affecting growth, development, and stress response.
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Sözen C, Schenk ST, Boudsocq M, Chardin C, Almeida-Trapp M, Krapp A, Hirt H, Mithöfer A, Colcombet J. Wounding and Insect Feeding Trigger Two Independent MAPK Pathways with Distinct Regulation and Kinetics. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1988-2003. [PMID: 32265268 PMCID: PMC7268812 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic factors cause plant wounding and trigger complex short- and long-term responses at the local and systemic levels. These responses are under the control of complex signaling pathways, which are still poorly understood. Here, we show that the rapid activation of clade-A mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) MPK3 and MPK6 by wounding depends on the upstream MAPK kinases MKK4 and MKK5 but is independent of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. In addition, this fast module does not control wound-triggered JA accumulation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), unlike its orthologs in tobacco. We also demonstrate that a second MAPK module, composed of MKK3 and the clade-C MAPKs MPK1/2/7, is activated by wounding in a MKK4/5-independent manner. We provide evidence that the activation of this MKK3-MPK1/2/7 module occurs mainly through wound-induced JA production via the transcriptional regulation of upstream clade-III MAP3Ks, particularly MAP3K14. We show that mkk3 mutant plants are more susceptible to herbivory from larvae of the generalist lepidopteran herbivore Spodoptera littoralis, indicating that the MKK3-MPK1/2/7 module is involved in counteracting insect feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Sözen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sebastian T Schenk
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marie Boudsocq
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Camille Chardin
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Marilia Almeida-Trapp
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anne Krapp
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France
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Genome-wide identification of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and expression profiling of CmMAPKs in melon (Cucumis melo L.). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232756. [PMID: 32407323 PMCID: PMC7224490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a form of serine/threonine protein kinase that activated by extracellular stimulation acting through the MAPK cascade (MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK). The MAPK cascade gene family, an important family of protein kinases, plays a vital role in responding to various stresses and hormone signal transduction processes in plants. In this study, we identified 14 CmMAPKs, 6 CmMAPKKs and 64 CmMAPKKKs in melon genome. Based on structural characteristics and a comparison of phylogenetic relationships of MAPK gene families from Arabidopsis, cucumber and watermelon, CmMAPKs and CmMAPKKs were categorized into 4 groups, and CmMAPKKKs were categorized into 3 groups. Furthermore, chromosome location revealed an unevenly distribution on chromosomes of MAPK cascade genes in melon, respectively. Eventually, qRT-PCR analysis showed that all 14 CmMAPKs had different expression patterns under drought, salt, salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), red light (RL), and Podosphaera xanthii (P. xanthii) treatments. Overall, the expression levels of CmMAPK3 and CmMAPK7 under different treatments were higher than those in control. Our study provides an important basis for future functional verification of MAPK genes in regulating responses to stress and signal substance in melon.
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Asano T, Nguyen THN, Yasuda M, Sidiq Y, Nishimura K, Nakashita H, Nishiuchi T. Arabidopsis MAPKKK δ-1 is required for full immunity against bacterial and fungal infection. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2085-2097. [PMID: 31844896 PMCID: PMC7094076 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The genome of Arabidopsis encodes more than 60 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) kinases (MAPKKKs); however, the functions of most MAPKKKs and their downstream MAPKKs are largely unknown. Here, MAPKKK δ-1 (MKD1), a novel Raf-like MAPKKK, was isolated from Arabidopsis as a subunit of a complex including the transcription factor AtNFXL1, which is involved in the trichothecene phytotoxin response and in disease resistance against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PstDC3000). A MKD1-dependent cascade positively regulates disease resistance against PstDC3000 and the trichothecene mycotoxin-producing fungal pathogen Fusarium sporotrichioides. MKD1 expression was induced by trichothecenes derived from Fusarium species. MKD1 directly interacted with MKK1 and MKK5 in vivo, and phosphorylated MKK1 and MKK5 in vitro. Correspondingly, mkk1 mutants and MKK5RNAi transgenic plants showed enhanced susceptibility to F. sporotrichioides. MKD1 was required for full activation of two MAPKs (MPK3 and MPK6) by the T-2 toxin and flg22. Finally, quantitative phosphoproteomics suggested that an MKD1-dependent cascade controlled phosphorylation of a disease resistance protein, SUMO, and a mycotoxin-detoxifying enzyme. Our findings suggest that the MKD1-MKK1/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6-dependent signaling cascade is involved in the full immune responses against both bacterial and fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Asano
- Institute for Gene Research, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Thi Hang-Ni Nguyen
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Michiko Yasuda
- Plant Acquired Immunity Research Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasir Sidiq
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakashita
- Plant Acquired Immunity Research Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Institute for Gene Research, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Martinez SA, Shorinola O, Conselman S, See D, Skinner DZ, Uauy C, Steber CM. Exome sequencing of bulked segregants identified a novel TaMKK3-A allele linked to the wheat ERA8 ABA-hypersensitive germination phenotype. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:719-736. [PMID: 31993676 PMCID: PMC7021667 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Using bulked segregant analysis of exome sequence, we fine-mapped the ABA-hypersensitive mutant ERA8 in a wheat backcross population to the TaMKK3-A locus of chromosome 4A. Preharvest sprouting (PHS) is the germination of mature grain on the mother plant when it rains before harvest. The ENHANCED RESPONSE TO ABA8 (ERA8) mutant increases seed dormancy and, consequently, PHS tolerance in soft white wheat 'Zak.' ERA8 was mapped to chromosome 4A in a Zak/'ZakERA8' backcross population using bulked segregant analysis of exome sequenced DNA (BSA-exome-seq). ERA8 was fine-mapped relative to mutagen-induced SNPs to a 4.6 Mb region containing 70 genes. In the backcross population, the ERA8 ABA-hypersensitive phenotype was strongly linked to a missense mutation in TaMKK3-A-G1093A (LOD 16.5), a gene associated with natural PHS tolerance in barley and wheat. The map position of ERA8 was confirmed in an 'Otis'/ZakERA8 but not in a 'Louise'/ZakERA8 mapping population. This is likely because Otis carries the same natural PHS susceptible MKK3-A-A660S allele as Zak, whereas Louise carries the PHS-tolerant MKK3-A-C660R allele. Thus, the variation for grain dormancy and PHS tolerance in the Louise/ZakERA8 population likely resulted from segregation of other loci rather than segregation for PHS tolerance at the MKK3 locus. This inadvertent complementation test suggests that the MKK3-A-G1093A mutation causes the ERA8 phenotype. Moreover, MKK3 was a known ABA signaling gene in the 70-gene 4.6 Mb ERA8 interval. None of these 70 genes showed the differential regulation in wild-type Zak versus ERA8 expected of a promoter mutation. Thus, the working model is that the ERA8 phenotype results from the MKK3-A-G1093A mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantel A Martinez
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA
| | | | - Samantha Conselman
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA
| | - Deven See
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA
- USDA-ARS Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology and Disease Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA
| | - Daniel Z Skinner
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA
- USDA-ARS Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology and Disease Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA
| | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Camille M Steber
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA.
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA.
- USDA-ARS Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology and Disease Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA.
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Tang Z, Cao X, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Qiao D, Xu H, Cao Y. Two splice variants of the DsMEK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) are involved in salt stress regulation in Dunaliella salina in different ways. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:147. [PMID: 32843896 PMCID: PMC7439689 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01786-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dunaliella salina can produce glycerol under salt stress, and this production can quickly adapt to changes in external salt concentration. Notably, glycerol is an ideal energy source. In recent years, it has been reported that the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade pathway plays an important role in regulating salt stress, and in Dunaliella tertiolecta DtMAPK can regulate glycerol synthesis under salt stress. Therefore, it is highly important to study the relationship between the MAPK cascade pathway and salt stress in D. salina and modify it to increase the production of glycerol. RESULTS In our study, we identified and analysed the alternative splicing of DsMEK1 (DsMEK1-X1, DsMEK1-X2) from the unicellular green alga D. salina. DsMEK1-X1 and DsMEK1-X2 were both localized in the cytoplasm. qRT-PCR assays showed that DsMEK1-X2 was induced by salt stress. Overexpression of DsMEK1-X2 revealed a higher increase rate of glycerol production compared to the control and DsMEK1-X1-oe under salt stress. Under salt stress, the expression of DsGPDH2/3/5/6 increased in DsMEK1-X2-oe strains compared to the control. This finding indicated that DsMEK1-X2 was involved in the regulation of DsGPDH expression and glycerol overexpression under salt stress. Overexpression of DsMEK1-X1 increased the proline content and reduced the MDA content under salt stress, and DsMEK1-X1 was able to regulate oxidative stress; thus, we hypothesized that DsMEK1-X1 could reduce oxidative damage under salt stress. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that DsMEK1-X2 could interact with DsMAPKKK1/2/3/9/10/17 and DsMAPK1; however, DsMEK1-X1 interacted with neither upstream MAPKKK nor downstream MAPK. DsMEK1-X2-oe transgenic lines increased the expression of DsMAPKKK1/3/10/17 and DsMAPK1, and DsMEK1-X2-RNAi lines decreased the expression of DsMAPKKK2/10/17. DsMEK1-X1-oe transgenic lines did not exhibit increased gene expression, except for DsMAPKKK9. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that DsMEK1-X1 and DsMEK1-X2 can respond to salt stress by two different pathways. The DsMEK1-X1 response to salt stress reduces oxidative damage; however, the DsMAPKKK1/2/3/9/10/17-DsMEK1-X2-DsMAPK1 cascade is involved in the regulation of DsGPDH expression and thus glycerol synthesis under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Tang
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Xiyue Cao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Dairong Qiao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Hui Xu
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Yi Cao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
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Khalid MHB, Raza MA, Yu HQ, Khan I, Sun FA, Feng LY, Qu JT, Fu FL, Li WC. Expression, Subcellular Localization, and Interactions of CPK Family Genes in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6173. [PMID: 31817801 PMCID: PMC6940914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinase (CPKs) is a key player in the calcium signaling pathway to decode calcium signals into various physiological responses. cDNA sequences of 9 ZmCPK genes were successfully cloned from all four phylogenetic groups in maize. qRT-PCR analysis showed the expression variation of these selected genes under abscisic acid (ABA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) treatment. Due to the presence of N-myristoylation/palmitoylation sites, the selected ZmCPK members were localized in a plasma membrane. To clarify whether ZmCPK, a key player in calcium signaling, interacts with key players of ABA, protein phosphatase 2Cs (PP2Cs) and the SNF1-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in maize, we examined the interaction between 9 CPKs, 8 PP2Cs, 5 SnRKs, and 20 members of the MPK family in maize by using yeast two-hybrid assay. Our results showed that three ZmCPKs interact with three different members of ZmSnRKs while four ZmCPK members had a positive interaction with 13 members of ZmMPKs in different combinations. These four ZmCPK proteins are from three different groups in maize. These findings of physical interactions between ZmCPKs, ZmSnRKs, and ZmMPKs suggested that these signaling pathways do not only have indirect influence but also have direct crosstalk that may involve the defense mechanism in maize. The present study may improve the understanding of signal transduction in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.H.B.K.); (H.Q.Y.); (F.A.S.); (J.T.Q.)
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.A.R.); (L.Y.F.)
| | - Hao Qiang Yu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.H.B.K.); (H.Q.Y.); (F.A.S.); (J.T.Q.)
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Grassland Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Fu Ai Sun
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.H.B.K.); (H.Q.Y.); (F.A.S.); (J.T.Q.)
| | - Ling Yang Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.A.R.); (L.Y.F.)
| | - Jing Tao Qu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.H.B.K.); (H.Q.Y.); (F.A.S.); (J.T.Q.)
| | - Feng Ling Fu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.H.B.K.); (H.Q.Y.); (F.A.S.); (J.T.Q.)
| | - Wan Chen Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.H.B.K.); (H.Q.Y.); (F.A.S.); (J.T.Q.)
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Cui L, Yang G, Yan J, Pan Y, Nie X. Genome-wide identification, expression profiles and regulatory network of MAPK cascade gene family in barley. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:750. [PMID: 31623562 PMCID: PMC6796406 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a conserved and universal signal transduction module in organisms. Although it has been well characterized in many plants, no systematic analysis has been conducted in barley. RESULTS Here, we identified 20 MAPKs, 6 MAPKKs and 156 MAPKKKs in barley through a genome-wide search against the updated reference genome. Then, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure and conserved protein motifs organization of them were systematically analyzed and results supported the predictions. Gene duplication analysis revealed that segmental and tandem duplication events contributed to the expansion of barley MAPK cascade genes and the duplicated gene pairs were found to undergone strong purifying selection. Expression profiles of them were further investigated in different organs and under diverse abiotic stresses using the available 173 RNA-seq datasets, and then the tissue-specific and stress-responsive candidates were found. Finally, co-expression regulatory network of MAPK cascade genes was constructed by WGCNA tool, resulting in a complicated network composed of a total of 72 branches containing 46 HvMAPK cascade genes and 46 miRNAs. CONCLUSION This study provides the targets for further functional study and also contribute to better understand the MAPK cascade regulatory network in barley and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Life Science, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiali Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Mining for protein S-sulfenylation in Arabidopsis uncovers redox-sensitive sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21256-21261. [PMID: 31578252 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1906768116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important messenger molecule for diverse cellular processes. H2O2 oxidizes proteinaceous cysteinyl thiols to sulfenic acid, also known as S-sulfenylation, thereby affecting the protein conformation and functionality. Although many proteins have been identified as S-sulfenylation targets in plants, site-specific mapping and quantification remain largely unexplored. By means of a peptide-centric chemoproteomics approach, we mapped 1,537 S-sulfenylated sites on more than 1,000 proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana cells. Proteins involved in RNA homeostasis and metabolism were identified as hotspots for S-sulfenylation. Moreover, S-sulfenylation frequently occurred on cysteines located at catalytic sites of enzymes or on cysteines involved in metal binding, hinting at a direct mode of action for redox regulation. Comparison of human and Arabidopsis S-sulfenylation datasets provided 155 conserved S-sulfenylated cysteines, including Cys181 of the Arabidopsis MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE4 (AtMAPK4) that corresponds to Cys161 in the human MAPK1, which has been identified previously as being S-sulfenylated. We show that, by replacing Cys181 of recombinant AtMAPK4 by a redox-insensitive serine residue, the kinase activity decreased, indicating the importance of this noncatalytic cysteine for the kinase mechanism. Altogether, we quantitatively mapped the S-sulfenylated cysteines in Arabidopsis cells under H2O2 stress and thereby generated a comprehensive view on the S-sulfenylation landscape that will facilitate downstream plant redox studies.
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Zhang T, Chhajed S, Schneider JD, Feng G, Song WY, Chen S. Proteomic characterization of MPK4 signaling network and putative substrates. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:325-339. [PMID: 31399934 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Combining genetic engineering of MPK4 activity and quantitative proteomics, we established an in planta system that enables rapid study of MPK4 signaling networks and potential substrate proteins. Mitogen activated protein kinase 4 (MPK4) is a multifunctional kinase that regulates various signaling events in plant defense, growth, light response and cytokinesis. The question of how a single protein modulates many distinct processes has spurred extensive research into the physiological outcomes resulting from genetic perturbation of MPK4. However, the mechanism by which MPK4 functions is still poorly understood due to limited data on the MPK4 networks including substrate proteins and downstream pathways. Here we introduce an experimental system that combines genetic engineering of kinase activity and quantitative proteomics to rapidly study the signaling networks of MPK4. First, we transiently expressed a constitutively active (MPK4CA) and an inactive (MPK4IN) version of a Brassica napus MPK4 (BnMPK4) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Proteomics analysis revealed that BnMPK4 activation affects multiple pathways (e.g., metabolism, redox regulation, jasmonic acid biosynthesis and stress responses). Furthermore, BnMPK4 activation also increased protein phosphorylation in the phosphoproteome, from which putative MPK4 substrates were identified. Using protein kinase assay, we validated that a transcription factor TCP8-like (TCP8) and a PP2A regulatory subunit TAP46-like (TAP46) were indeed phosphorylated by BnMPK4. Taken together, we demonstrated the utility of proteomics and phosphoproteomics in elucidating kinase signaling networks and in identification of downstream substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Lab, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Shweta Chhajed
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | | | - Guanqiao Feng
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Wen-Yuan Song
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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46
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Andrási N, Rigó G, Zsigmond L, Pérez-Salamó I, Papdi C, Klement E, Pettkó-Szandtner A, Baba AI, Ayaydin F, Dasari R, Cséplő Á, Szabados L. The mitogen-activated protein kinase 4-phosphorylated heat shock factor A4A regulates responses to combined salt and heat stresses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4903-4918. [PMID: 31086987 PMCID: PMC6760271 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock factors regulate responses to high temperature, salinity, water deprivation, or heavy metals. Their function in combinations of stresses is, however, not known. Arabidopsis HEAT SHOCK FACTOR A4A (HSFA4A) was previously reported to regulate responses to salt and oxidative stresses. Here we show, that the HSFA4A gene is induced by salt, elevated temperature, and a combination of these conditions. Fast translocation of HSFA4A tagged with yellow fluorescent protein from cytosol to nuclei takes place in salt-treated cells. HSFA4A can be phosphorylated not only by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases MPK3 and MPK6 but also by MPK4, and Ser309 is the dominant MAP kinase phosphorylation site. In vivo data suggest that HSFA4A can be the substrate of other kinases as well. Changing Ser309 to Asp or Ala alters intramolecular multimerization. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed binding of HSFA4A to promoters of target genes encoding the small heat shock protein HSP17.6A and transcription factors WRKY30 and ZAT12. HSFA4A overexpression enhanced tolerance to individually and simultaneously applied heat and salt stresses through reduction of oxidative damage. Our results suggest that this heat shock factor is a component of a complex stress regulatory pathway, connecting upstream signals mediated by MAP kinases MPK3/6 and MPK4 with transcription regulation of a set of stress-induced target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Andrási
- Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt 62,Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rigó
- Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt 62,Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laura Zsigmond
- Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt 62,Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imma Pérez-Salamó
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Surrey, UK
| | - Csaba Papdi
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Surrey, UK
| | - Eva Klement
- Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt 62,Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Abu Imran Baba
- Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt 62,Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt 62,Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ramakrishna Dasari
- Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt 62,Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, India
| | - Ágnes Cséplő
- Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt 62,Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Szabados
- Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt 62,Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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47
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Zhou S, Chen M, Zhang Y, Gao Q, Noman A, Wang Q, Li H, Chen L, Zhou P, Lu J, Lou Y. OsMKK3, a Stress-Responsive Protein Kinase, Positively Regulates Rice Resistance to Nilaparvata lugens via Phytohormone Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3023. [PMID: 31226870 PMCID: PMC6628034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants undergo several but very precise molecular, physiological, and biochemical modulations in response to biotic stresses. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades orchestrate multiple cellular processes including plant growth and development as well as plant responses against abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the role of MAPK kinases (MAPKKs/MKKs/MEKs) in the regulation of plant resistance to herbivores has not been extensively investigated. Here, we cloned a rice MKK gene, OsMKK3, and investigated its function. It was observed that mechanical wounding, infestation of brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, and treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or salicylic acid (SA) could induce the expression of OsMKK3. The over-expression of OsMKK3 (oe-MKK3) increased levels of jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and abscisic acid (ABA), and decreased SA levels in rice after BPH attack. Additionally, the preference for feeding and oviposition, the hatching rate of BPH eggs, and BPH nymph survival rate were significantly compromised due to over-expression of OsMKK3. Besides, oe-MKK3 also augmented chlorophyll content but impaired plant growth. We confirm that MKK3 plays a pivotal role in the signaling pathway. It is proposed that OsMKK3 mediated positive regulation of rice resistance to BPH by means of herbivory-induced phytohormone dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Mengting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yuebai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ali Noman
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Department of Botany, Government college university, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Pengyong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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48
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McNeece BT, Sharma K, Lawrence GW, Lawrence KS, Klink VP. The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene family functions as a cohort during the Glycine max defense response to Heterodera glycines. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 137:25-41. [PMID: 30711881 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play important signal transduction roles. However, little is known regarding how they influence the gene expression of other family members and the relationship to a biological process, including the Glycine max defense response to Heterodera glycines. Transcriptomics have identified MAPK gene expression occurring within root cells undergoing a defense response to a pathogenic event initiated by H. glycines in the allotetraploid Glycine max. Functional analyses are presented for its 32 MAPKs revealing 9 have a defense role, including homologs of Arabidopsis thaliana MAPK (MPK) MPK2, MPK3, MPK4, MPK5, MPK6, MPK13, MPK16 and MPK20. Defense signaling occurring through pathogen activated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI) and effector triggered immunity (ETI) have been determined in relation to these MAPKs. Five different types of gene expression relate to MAPK expression, influencing PTI and ETI gene expression and proven defense genes including an ABC-G transporter, 20S membrane fusion particle components, glycoside biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, hemicellulose modification, transcription and secretion. The experiments show MAPKs broadly influence defense MAPK gene expression, including the co-regulation of parologous MAPKs and reveal its relationship to proven defense genes. The experiments reveal each defense MAPK induces the expression of a G. max homolog of a PATHOGENESIS RELATED1 (PR1), itself shown to function in defense in the studied pathosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brant T McNeece
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Keshav Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Gary W Lawrence
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Kathy S Lawrence
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 209 Life Science Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Vincent P Klink
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
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49
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Li X, Chen T, Li Y, Wang Z, Cao H, Chen F, Li Y, Soppe WJJ, Li W, Liu Y. ETR1/RDO3 Regulates Seed Dormancy by Relieving the Inhibitory Effect of the ERF12-TPL Complex on DELAY OF GERMINATION1 Expression. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:832-847. [PMID: 30837295 PMCID: PMC6501604 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The control of seed dormancy by ethylene has been well studied, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we report the characterization of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant reduced dormancy 3 (rdo3) and the cloning of the underlying gene. We demonstrate that rdo3 is a loss-of-function mutant of the ethylene receptor ETHYLENE RESPONSE1 (ETR1). ETR1 controls seed dormancy partially through the DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1) pathway. Molecular and genetic analyses demonstrated that ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR12 (ERF12) is involved in the regulation of seed dormancy downstream of ETR1. ERF12 interacts with TOPLESS (TPL) and genetically requires TPL to function. ERF12 and TPL repress the expression of DOG1 by occupying its promoter. Thus, we identified the dormancy pathway ETR1-ERF12-TPL-DOG1 and provide mechanistic insights into the regulation of seed dormancy by linking the ethylene and DOG1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Fengying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wim J J Soppe
- Rijk Zwaan, De Lier 2678 ZG, The Netherlands
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Science and Technology Daily, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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50
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Zaman N, Seitz K, Kabir M, George-Schreder LS, Shepstone I, Liu Y, Zhang S, Krysan PJ. A Förster resonance energy transfer sensor for live-cell imaging of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:970-983. [PMID: 30444549 PMCID: PMC6750906 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is dynamically modified in plants. Since MAPKs have been shown to play important roles in a wide range of signaling pathways, the ability to monitor MAPK activity in living plant cells would be valuable. Here, we report the development of a genetically encoded MAPK activity sensor for use in Arabidopsis thaliana. The sensor is composed of yellow and blue fluorescent proteins, a phosphopeptide binding domain, a MAPK substrate domain and a flexible linker. Using in vitro testing, we demonstrated that phosphorylation causes an increase in the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency of the sensor. The FRET efficiency can therefore serve as a readout of kinase activity. We also produced transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing this sensor of MAPK activity (SOMA) and performed live-cell imaging experiments using detached cotyledons. Treatment with NaCl, the synthetic flagellin peptide flg22 and chitin all led to rapid gains in FRET efficiency. Control lines expressing a version of SOMA in which the phosphosite was mutated to an alanine did not show any substantial changes in FRET. We also expressed the sensor in a conditional loss-of-function double-mutant line for the Arabidopsis MAPK genes MPK3 and MPK6. These experiments demonstrated that MPK3/6 are necessary for the NaCl-induced FRET gain of the sensor, while other MAPKs are probably contributing to the chitin and flg22-induced increases in FRET. Taken together, our results suggest that SOMA is able to dynamically report MAPK activity in living plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najia Zaman
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kati Seitz
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mohiuddin Kabir
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Ian Shepstone
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yidong Liu
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Patrick J. Krysan
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- For correspondence ()
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