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Takahashi D, Soga K, Kikuchi T, Kutsuno T, Hao P, Sasaki K, Nishiyama Y, Kidokoro S, Sampathkumar A, Bacic A, Johnson KL, Kotake T. Structural changes in cell wall pectic polymers contribute to freezing tolerance induced by cold acclimation in plants. Curr Biol 2024; 34:958-968.e5. [PMID: 38335960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Subzero temperatures are often lethal to plants. Many temperate herbaceous plants have a cold acclimation mechanism that allows them to sense a drop in temperature and prepare for freezing stress through accumulation of soluble sugars and cryoprotective proteins. As ice formation primarily occurs in the apoplast (the cell wall space), cell wall functional properties are important for plant freezing tolerance. Although previous studies have shown that the amounts of constituent sugars of the cell wall, in particular those of pectic polysaccharides, are altered by cold acclimation, the significance of this change during cold acclimation has not been clarified. We found that β-1,4-galactan, which forms neutral side chains of the acidic pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I, accumulates in the cell walls of Arabidopsis and various freezing-tolerant vegetables during cold acclimation. The gals1 gals2 gals3 triple mutant, which has reduced β-1,4-galactan in the cell wall, exhibited impaired freezing tolerance compared with wild-type Arabidopsis during initial stages of cold acclimation. Expression of genes involved in the galactan biosynthesis pathway, such as galactan synthases and UDP-glucose 4-epimerases, was induced during cold acclimation in Arabidopsis, explaining the galactan accumulation. Cold acclimation resulted in a decrease in extensibility and an increase in rigidity of the cell wall in the wild type, whereas these changes were not observed in the gals1 gals2 gals3 triple mutant. These results indicate that the accumulation of pectic β-1,4-galactan contributes to acquired freezing tolerance by cold acclimation, likely via changes in cell wall mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
| | - Kouichi Soga
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takuma Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kutsuno
- Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Pengfei Hao
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Kazuma Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yui Nishiyama
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kidokoro
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuda-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Arun Sampathkumar
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Antony Bacic
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Kim L Johnson
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Toshihisa Kotake
- Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Viudes S, Zamar R, Burlat V, Roux F, Dunand C. Genome wide association study of Arabidopsis seed mucilage layers at a regional scale. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108375. [PMID: 38364630 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The myxospermous species Arabidopsis thaliana extrudes a polysaccharidic mucilage from the seed coat epidermis during imbibition. The whole seed mucilage can be divided into a seed-adherent layer and a fully soluble layer, both layers presenting natural genetic variations. The adherent mucilage is variable in size and composition, while the soluble mucilage is variable in composition and physical properties. Studies reporting both the genetic architecture and the putative selective agents acting on this natural genetic variation are scarce. In this study, we set up a Genome Wide Association study (GWAS) based on 424 natural accessions collected from 166 natural populations of A. thaliana located south-west of France and previously characterized for a very important number of abiotic and biotic factors. We identified an extensive genetic variation for both mucilage layers. The adherent mucilage was mainly related to precipitation and temperature whereas the non-adherent mucilage was unrelated to any environmental factors. By combining a hierarchical Bayesian model with a local score approach, we identified 55 and 28 candidate genes, corresponding to 26 and 10 QTLs for the adherent and non-adherent mucilages, respectively. Putative or characterized function and expression data available in the literature were used to filter the candidate genes. Only one gene among our set of candidate genes was already described as a seed mucilage actor, leaving a large set of new candidates putatively implicated inseed mucilage synthesis or release. The present study lay out foundation to understand the influence of regional ecological factors acting on seed mucilage in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Viudes
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse INP, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Rémy Zamar
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse INP, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Fabrice Roux
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Christophe Dunand
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse INP, Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
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3
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Cheng N, Nakata PA. Disruption of the Arabidopsis Acyl-Activating Enzyme 3 Impairs Seed Coat Mucilage Accumulation and Seed Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1149. [PMID: 38256222 PMCID: PMC10816874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Acyl-activating enzyme (AAE) 3 gene encodes an oxalyl-CoA synthetase that catalyzes the conversion of oxalate to oxalyl-CoA as the first step in the CoA-dependent pathway of oxalate catabolism. Although the role of this enzyme in oxalate catabolism has been established, its biological roles in plant growth and development are less understood. As a step toward gaining a better understanding of these biological roles, we report here a characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana aae3 (Ataae3) seed mucilage phenotype. Ruthidium red (RR) staining of Ataae3 and wild type (WT) seeds suggested that the observed reduction in Ataae3 germination may be attributable, at least in part, to a decrease in seed mucilage accumulation. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of selected mucilage regulatory transcription factors, as well as of biosynthetic and extrusion genes, was significantly down-regulated in the Ataae3 seeds. Mucilage accumulation in seeds from an engineered oxalate-accumulating Arabidopsis and Atoxc mutant, blocked in the second step of the CoA-dependent pathway of oxalate catabolism, were found to be similar to WT. These findings suggest that elevated tissue oxalate concentrations and loss of the oxalate catabolism pathway downstream of AAE3 were not responsible for the reduced Ataae3 seed germination and mucilage phenotypes. Overall, our findings unveil the presence of regulatory interplay between AAE3 and transcriptional control of mucilage gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul A. Nakata
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-2600, USA;
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Panahabadi R, Ahmadikhah A, Farrokhi N. Genetic dissection of monosaccharides contents in rice whole grain using genome-wide association study. THE PLANT GENOME 2023; 16:e20292. [PMID: 36691363 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The simplest form of carbohydrates are monosaccharides which are the building blocks for the synthesis of polymers or complex carbohydrates. Monosaccharide contents of 197 rice accessions were quantified by HPAEC-PAD in rice (Oryza sativa L.) whole grain (RWG). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out using 33,812 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify corresponding genomic regions influencing neutral monosaccharides contents. In total, 49 GWAS signals contained in 17 genomic regions (quantitative trait loci [QTLs]) on seven chromosomes of rice were determined to be associated with monosaccharides contents of whole grain. The QTLs were found for fucose (1), mannose (1), xylose (2), arabinose (2), galactose (4), and rhamnose (7) contents, all of which are novel. Based on co-location of annotated rice genes in the vicinity of GWAS signals, the constituents of the whole grain were associated with the following candidate genes: arabinose content with α-N-arabinofuranosidase, pectinesterase inhibitor, and glucosamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 1; xylose content with ZOS1-10 (a C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor [TF]); mannose content with aldose 1-epimerase-like protein and a MYB family TF; galactose content with a GT8 family member (galacturonosyltransferase-like 3), a GRAS family TF, and a GH16 family member (xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase xyloglucan 23); fucose content with gibberellin 20 oxidase and a lysine-rich arabinogalactan protein 19, and finally rhamnose content with myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase, UDP-arabinopyranose mutase, and COBRA-like protein precursor. The results of this study should improve our understanding of the genetic basis of the factors that might be involved in the biosynthesis, regulation, and turnover of monosaccharides in RWG, aiming to enhance the nutritional value of rice grain and impact the related industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahele Panahabadi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti Univ., Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Naser Farrokhi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti Univ., Tehran, Iran
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5
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Xu Y, Hu R, Li S. Regulation of seed coat mucilage production and modification in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 328:111591. [PMID: 36623642 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis seed coat mucilage is a polysaccharide-rich matrix synthesized by the seed coat epidermal cells. It is a specialized cell wall mainly composed of three types of polysaccharides (i. e. pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose), and represents as an ideal model system for plant cell wall research. A large number of genes responsible for the synthesis and modification of cell wall polysaccharides have been identified using this model system. Moreover, a subset of regulators controlling mucilage production and modification have been characterized, and the underlying transcriptional regulatory mechanisms have been elucidated. This substantially contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying mucilage synthesis and modification. In this review, we concisely summarize the various genes and regulators involved in seed coat cell differentiation, mucilage biosynthesis and modification, and secondary cell wall formation. In particular, we put emphasis on the latest knowledge gained regarding the transcriptional regulation of mucilage production, which is composed of a hierarchal cascade with three-layer transcriptional regulators. Collectively, we propose an updated schematic framework of the genetic regulatory network controlling mucilage production and modification in the Arabidopsis mucilage secretory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Ruibo Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, PR China.
| | - Shengjun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, PR China.
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6
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Di Marzo M, Babolin N, Viana VE, de Oliveira AC, Gugi B, Caporali E, Herrera-Ubaldo H, Martínez-Estrada E, Driouich A, de Folter S, Colombo L, Ezquer I. The Genetic Control of SEEDSTICK and LEUNIG-HOMOLOG in Seed and Fruit Development: New Insights into Cell Wall Control. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3146. [PMID: 36432874 PMCID: PMC9698089 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although much is known about seed and fruit development at the molecular level, many gaps remain in our understanding of how cell wall modifications can impact developmental processes in plants, as well as how biomechanical alterations influence seed and fruit growth. Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana constitute an excellent tool to study the function of gene families devoted to cell wall biogenesis. We have characterized a collection of lines carrying mutations in representative cell wall-related genes for seed and fruit size developmental defects, as well as altered germination rates. We have linked these studies to cell wall composition and structure. Interestingly, we have found that disruption of genes involved in pectin maturation and hemicellulose deposition strongly influence germination dynamics. Finally, we focused on two transcriptional regulators, SEEDSTICK (STK) and LEUNIG-HOMOLOG (LUH), which positively regulate seed growth. Herein, we demonstrate that these factors regulate specific aspects of cell wall properties such as pectin distribution. We propose a model wherein changes in seed coat structure due to alterations in the xyloglucan-cellulose matrix deposition and pectin maturation are critical for organ growth and germination. The results demonstrate the importance of cell wall properties and remodeling of polysaccharides as major factors responsible for seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Di Marzo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Babolin
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vívian Ebeling Viana
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio Costa de Oliveira
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gugi
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, UNIROUEN—Universitè de Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Elisabetta Caporali
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Estrada
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, UNIROUEN—Universitè de Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”-FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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7
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Yu L, Yoshimi Y, Cresswell R, Wightman R, Lyczakowski JJ, Wilson LFL, Ishida K, Stott K, Yu X, Charalambous S, Wurman-Rodrich J, Terrett OM, Brown SP, Dupree R, Temple H, Krogh KBRM, Dupree P. Eudicot primary cell wall glucomannan is related in synthesis, structure, and function to xyloglucan. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4600-4622. [PMID: 35929080 PMCID: PMC9614514 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hemicellulose polysaccharides influence assembly and properties of the plant primary cell wall (PCW), perhaps by interacting with cellulose to affect the deposition and bundling of cellulose fibrils. However, the functional differences between plant cell wall hemicelluloses such as glucomannan, xylan, and xyloglucan (XyG) remain unclear. As the most abundant hemicellulose, XyG is considered important in eudicot PCWs, but plants devoid of XyG show relatively mild phenotypes. We report here that a patterned β-galactoglucomannan (β-GGM) is widespread in eudicot PCWs and shows remarkable similarities to XyG. The sugar linkages forming the backbone and side chains of β-GGM are analogous to those that make up XyG, and moreover, these linkages are formed by glycosyltransferases from the same CAZy families. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that β-GGM shows low mobility in the cell wall, consistent with interaction with cellulose. Although Arabidopsis β-GGM synthesis mutants show no obvious growth defects, genetic crosses between β-GGM and XyG mutants produce exacerbated phenotypes compared with XyG mutants. These findings demonstrate a related role of these two similar but distinct classes of hemicelluloses in PCWs. This work opens avenues to study the roles of β-GGM and XyG in PCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Yoshihisa Yoshimi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | | | - Raymond Wightman
- Microscopy Core Facility, Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | | | | | - Konan Ishida
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Katherine Stott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Xiaolan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Stephan Charalambous
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | | | - Oliver M Terrett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Steven P Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ray Dupree
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Henry Temple
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
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8
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Zhang Y, Dai T, Liu Y, Wang J, Wang Q, Zhu W. Effect of Exogenous Glycine Betaine on the Germination of Tomato Seeds under Cold Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810474. [PMID: 36142386 PMCID: PMC9502054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress is known to influence tomato growth, development, and yield. In this study, we analyzed the germination of tomato seeds treated with exogenous glycine betaine (GB) at a low temperature (14 °C). The results showed that cold stress inhibited tomato seed germination, and pretreatment with exogenous GB reduced this inhibition and enhanced the germination rate (GR), germination index (GI), and viability of tomato seeds at low temperatures. Analysis of gene expression and metabolism revealed that GB positively regulated endogenous hormone gibberellin (GA) content and negatively regulated abscisic acid (ABA) content, while GB reduced the starch content in the seeds by up-regulating the amylase gene expression. Gene expression analysis showed that the key genes (SlSOD, SlPOD, and SlchlAPX) involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging systems were up-regulated in GB-pretreated tomato seeds compared with the control. At the same time, levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide were significantly lower, while the proline content and peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels were elevated compared with those in the control. These results demonstrate that exogenous GB as a positive regulator effectively alleviated the inhibition of tomato seed germination under cold stress by different signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Taoyu Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- Innovation Center of Jiangsu, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Quanhua Wang
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Correspondence:
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Saez-Aguayo S, Largo-Gosens A. Rhamnogalacturonan-I forms mucilage: behind its simplicity, a cutting-edge organization. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3299-3303. [PMID: 36305092 PMCID: PMC9162176 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Zhang Y, Yin Q, Qin W, Gao H, Du J, Chen J, Li H, Zhou G, Wu H, Wu A-M. 2022. The Class II KNOX family members KNAT3 and KNAT7 redundantly participate in Arabidopsis seed coat mucilage biosynthesis. Journal of Experimental Botany 73, 3477–3495.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asier Largo-Gosens
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ingenería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de León, E-24071, León, Spain
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10
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Šola K, Dean GH, Li Y, Lohmann J, Movahedan M, Gilchrist EJ, Adams KL, Haughn GW. Expression Patterns and Functional Characterization of Arabidopsis Galactose Oxidase-Like Genes Suggest Specialized Roles for Galactose Oxidases in Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1927-1943. [PMID: 34042158 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Galactose oxidases (GalOxs) are well-known enzymes that have been identified in several fungal species and characterized using structural and enzymatic approaches. However, until very recently, almost no information on their biological functions was available. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) gene ruby particles in mucilage (RUBY) encodes a putative plant GalOx that is required for pectin cross-linking through modification of galactose (Gal) side chains and promotes cell-cell adhesion between seed coat epidermal cells. RUBY is one member of a family of seven putative GalOxs encoded in the Arabidopsis genome. To examine the function(s) of GalOxs in plants, we studied the remaining six galactose oxidase-like (GOXL) proteins. Like RUBY, four of these proteins (GOXL1, GOXL3, GOXL5 and GOXL6) were found to localize primarily to the apoplast, while GOXL2 and GOXL4 were found primarily in the cytoplasm. Complementation and GalOx assay data suggested that GOXL1, GOXL3 and possibly GOXL6 have similar biochemical activity to RUBY, whereas GOXL5 only weakly complemented and GOXL2 and GOXL4 showed no activity. Members of this protein family separated into four distinct clades prior to the divergence of the angiosperms. There have been recent duplications in Brassicaceae resulting in two closely related pairs of genes that have either retained similarity in expression (GOXL1 and GOXL6) or show expression divergence (GOXL3 and RUBY). Mutant phenotypes were not detected when these genes were disrupted, but their expression patterns suggest that these proteins may function in tissues that require mechanical reinforcements in the absence of lignification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krešimir Šola
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Gillian H Dean
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Sjaak van Schie B.V., Maasdijk, Schenkeldijk 8, Zuid-Holland 2676 LD, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Lohmann
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany
| | - Mahsa Movahedan
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Burnaby Hospital, 3935 Kincaid St, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 2X6, Canada
| | - Erin J Gilchrist
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Anandia Labs, 125-887 Great Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia V5T 4T5, Canada
| | - Keith L Adams
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - George W Haughn
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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11
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Haas KT, Wightman R, Peaucelle A, Höfte H. The role of pectin phase separation in plant cell wall assembly and growth. Cell Surf 2021; 7:100054. [PMID: 34141960 PMCID: PMC8185244 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2021.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapidly increasing body of literature suggests that many biological processes are driven by phase separation within polymer mixtures. Liquid-liquid phase separation can lead to the formation of membrane-less organelles, which are thought to play a wide variety of roles in cell metabolism, gene regulation or signaling. One of the characteristics of these systems is that they are poised at phase transition boundaries, which makes them perfectly suited to elicit robust cellular responses to often very small changes in the cell's "environment". Recent observations suggest that, also in the semi-solid environment of plant cell walls, phase separation not only plays a role in wall patterning, hydration and stress relaxation during growth, but also may provide a driving force for cell wall expansion. In this context, pectins, the major polyanionic polysaccharides in the walls of growing cells, appear to play a critical role. Here, we will discuss (i) our current understanding of the structure-function relationship of pectins, (ii) in vivo evidence that pectin modification can drive critical phase transitions in the cell wall, (iii) how such phase transitions may drive cell wall expansion in addition to turgor pressure and (iv) the periodic cellular processes that may control phase transitions underlying cell wall assembly and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina T. Haas
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Raymond Wightman
- Microscopy Core Facility, Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Alexis Peaucelle
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Herman Höfte
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
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12
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Lee Y, Dean GH, Gilchrist E, Tsai AY, Haughn GW. Asymmetric distribution of extracellular matrix proteins in seed coat epidermal cells of Arabidopsis is determined by polar secretion. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e360. [PMID: 34877448 PMCID: PMC8628086 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although asymmetric deposition of the plant extracellular matrix is critical for the normal functioning of many cell types, the molecular mechanisms establishing this asymmetry are not well understood. During differentiation, Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells deposit large amounts of pectin-rich mucilage asymmetrically to form an extracellular pocket between the plasma membrane and the outer tangential primary cell wall. At maturity, the mucilage expands on contact with water, ruptures the primary cell wall, and extrudes to encapsulate the seed. In addition to polysaccharides, mucilage contains secreted proteins including the β-galactosidase MUCILAGE MODIFIED 2 (MUM2). A functional chimeric protein where MUM2 was fused translationally with Citrine yellow fluorescent protein (Citrine) indicated that MUM2-Citrine fluorescence preferentially accumulates in the mucilage pocket concomitant with mucilage deposition and rapidly disappears when mucilage synthesis ceases. A secreted form of Citrine, secCitrine, showed a similar pattern of localization when expressed in developing seed coat epidermal cells. This result suggested that both the asymmetric localization and rapid decrease of fluorescence is not unique to MUM2-Citrine and may represent the default pathway for secreted proteins in this cell type. v-SNARE proteins were localized only in the membrane adjacent to the mucilage pocket, supporting the hypothesis that the cellular secretory apparatus is redirected and targets secretion to the outer periclinal apoplast during mucilage synthesis. In addition, mutation of ECHIDNA, a gene encoding a TGN-localized protein involved in vesicle targeting, causes misdirection of mucilage, MUM2 and v-SNARE proteins from the apoplast/plasma membrane to the vacuole/tonoplast. Western blot analyses suggested that the disappearance of MUM2-Citrine fluorescence at the end of mucilage synthesis is due to protein degradation and because several proteases have been identified in extruded seed mucilage. However, as mutation of these genes did not result in a substantial delay in MUM2-Citrine degradation and the timing of their expression and/or their intracellular localization were not consistent with a role in MUM2-Citrine disappearance, the mechanism underlying the abrupt decrease of MUM2-Citrine remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Chen Lee
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Present address:
Biodiversity Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Gillian H. Dean
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Erin Gilchrist
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Present address:
Molecular DiagnosticsAnandia LaboratoriesVancouverCanada
| | - Allen Yi‐Lun Tsai
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Present address:
International Research Center for Agricultural & Environmental Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and TechnologyKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - George W. Haughn
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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13
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Sun J, Yuan C, Wang M, Ding A, Chai G, Sun Y, Zhou G, Yang D, Kong Y. MUD1, a RING-v E3 ubiquitin ligase, has an important role in the regulation of pectin methylesterification in Arabidopsis seed coat mucilage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:230-238. [PMID: 34649026 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is one of the major components of plant primary cell wall polysaccharides. The degree of pectin methylesterification (DM) plays an important role in the process of plant growth. However, little is known about the underlying regulatory mechanisms during the process of pectin demethylesterification. Here, we characterized mucilage defect 1 (mud1), a novel Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, which displays increased mucilage adherence resulting from increased activities of pectin methylesterases (PMEs) and decreased degree of pectin methylesterification (DM). MUD1 encodes a nuclear protein with a Really Interesting New Gene (RING)-v domain and is highly expressed in developing seed coat when seed coat mucilage starts to accumulate. We have demonstrated that MUD1 has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro. The expression of PME-related genes, including MYB52, LUH, SBT1.7, PMEI6, and PMEI14 decreased considerably in mud1. We propose that MUD1 acts as an ubiquitin ligase potentially regulating the DM of pectin by post-transcriptionally removing proteins that normally negatively regulate the level or activity of PMEs in the seed coat mucilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Sun
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China; China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210019, China
| | - Cuiling Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China; Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Anming Ding
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Guohua Chai
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Yuhe Sun
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Gongke Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China; Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Dahai Yang
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, 650021, China.
| | - Yingzhen Kong
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China.
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14
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Sterol Glucosyltransferases Tailor Polysaccharide Accumulation in Arabidopsis Seed Coat Epidermal Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102546. [PMID: 34685527 PMCID: PMC8533880 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The conjugation of sterols with a Glc moiety is catalyzed by sterol glucosyltransferases (SGTs). A portion of the resulting steryl glucosides (SG) are then esterified with a long-chain fatty acid to form acyl-SG (ASG). SG and ASG are prevalent components of plant cellular membranes and influence their organization and functional properties. Mutant analysis had previously inferred that two Arabidopsis SGTs, UGT80A2 and UGT80B1/TT15, could have specialized roles in the production of SG in seeds, despite an overlap in their enzymatic activity. Here, we establish new roles for both enzymes in the accumulation of polysaccharides in seed coat epidermal cells (SCEs). The rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) content of the inner layer of seed mucilage was higher in ugt80A2, whereas RG-I accumulation was lower in mutants of UGT80B1, with double mutant phenotypes indicating that UGT80A2 acts independently from UGT80B1. In contrast, an additive phenotype was observed in double mutants for increased galactoglucomannan (GGM) content. Double mutants also exhibited increased polymer density within the inner mucilage layer. In contrast, cell wall defects were only observed in mutants defective for UGT80B1, while more mucilage cellulose was only observed when UGT80A2 was mutated. The generation of a range of phenotypic effects, simultaneously within a single cell type, demonstrates that the adjustment of the SG and ASG composition of cellular membranes by UGT80A2 and UGT80B1 tailors polysaccharide accumulation in Arabidopsis seeds.
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15
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Myxospermy Evolution in Brassicaceae: A Highly Complex and Diverse Trait with Arabidopsis as an Uncommon Model. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092470. [PMID: 34572119 PMCID: PMC8469493 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to extrude mucilage upon seed imbibition (myxospermy) occurs in several Angiosperm taxonomic groups, but its ancestral nature or evolutionary convergence origin remains misunderstood. We investigated seed mucilage evolution in the Brassicaceae family with comparison to the knowledge accumulated in Arabidopsis thaliana. The myxospermy occurrence was evaluated in 27 Brassicaceae species. Phenotyping included mucilage secretory cell morphology and topochemistry to highlight subtle myxospermy traits. In parallel, computational biology was driven on the one hundred genes constituting the so-called A. thaliana mucilage secretory cell toolbox to confront their sequence conservation to the observed phenotypes. Mucilage secretory cells show high morphology diversity; the three studied Arabidopsis species had a specific extrusion modality compared to the other studied Brassicaceae species. Orthologous genes from the A. thaliana mucilage secretory cell toolbox were mostly found in all studied species without correlation with the occurrence of myxospermy or even more sub-cellular traits. Seed mucilage may be an ancestral feature of the Brassicaceae family. It consists of highly diverse subtle traits, probably underlined by several genes not yet characterized in A. thaliana or by species-specific genes. Therefore, A. thaliana is probably not a sufficient reference for future myxospermy evo-devo studies.
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16
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Genome-Wide Analysis of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 35 Genes and Their Potential Roles in Cell Wall Development in Medicago truncatula. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081639. [PMID: 34451684 PMCID: PMC8401519 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant β-galactosidases (BGAL) function in various cell wall biogeneses and modifications, and they belong to the glycoside hydrolase family. However, the roles of BGAL family members in Medicago truncatula cell wall remodeling remain unclear. In this study, a total of 25 MtBGAL members of the glycoside hydrolase gene family 35 were identified, and they were clustered into nine sub-families. Many cis-acting elements possibly related to MeJA and abscisic acid responses were identified in the promoter region of the MtBGAL genes. Transcript analyses showed that these MtBGAL genes exhibited distinct expression patterns in various tissues and developing stem internodes. Furthermore, a stem-specific expression module associated with cell wall metabolic pathways was identified by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). In particular, MtBGAL1 and MtBGAL23 within the stem-specific expression module were highly expressed in mature stems. In addition, several genes involved in lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin pathways were co-expressed with MtBGAL1 and MtBGAL23. It was also found that MtBGAL1 and MtBGAL23 were localized to the cell wall at the subcellular level, indicating their roles in the modification of cell wall metabolites in Medicago. As a whole, these results will be useful for further functional characterization and utilization of BGAL genes in cell wall modifications aiming to improve the quality of legume forage crops.
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17
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Liu Y, Liu Z, Zhu X, Hu X, Zhang H, Guo Q, Yada RY, Cui SW. Seed coat mucilages: Structural, functional/bioactive properties, and genetic information. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2534-2559. [PMID: 33836113 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Seed coat mucilages are mainly polysaccharides covering the outer layer of the seeds to facilitate seed hydration and germination, thereby improving seedling emergence and reducing seedling mortality. Four types of polysaccharides are found in mucilages including xylan, pectin, glucomannan, and cellulose. Recently, mucilages from flaxseed, yellow mustard seed, chia seed, and so on, have been used extensively in the areas of food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics contributing to stability, texture, and appearance. This review, for the first time, addresses the similarities and differences in physicochemical properties, molecular structure, and functional/bioactive properties of mucilages among different sources; highlights their structure and function relationships; and systematically summarizes the related genetic information, aiming with the intent to explore the potential functions thereby extending their future industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuerui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinzhong Hu
- College of Food Engineering & Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Rickey Y Yada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steve W Cui
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agri- and Agri-food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Saez-Aguayo S, Parra-Rojas JP, Sepúlveda-Orellana P, Celiz-Balboa J, Arenas-Morales V, Sallé C, Salinas-Grenet H, Largo-Gosens A, North HM, Ralet MC, Orellana A. Transport of UDP-rhamnose by URGT2, URGT4, and URGT6 modulates rhamnogalacturonan-I length. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:914-933. [PMID: 33793913 PMCID: PMC8133686 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnogalacturonan-I biosynthesis occurs in the lumen of the Golgi apparatus, a compartment where UDP-Rhamnose and UDP-Galacturonic Acid are the main substrates for synthesis of the backbone polymer of pectin. Recent studies showed that UDP-Rha is transported from the cytosol into the Golgi apparatus by a family of six UDP-rhamnose/UDP-galactose transporters (URGT1-6). In this study, analysis of adherent and soluble mucilage (SM) of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds revealed distinct roles of URGT2, URGT4, and URGT6 in mucilage biosynthesis. Characterization of SM polymer size showed shorter chains in the urgt2 urgt4 and urgt2 urgt4 urgt6 mutants, suggesting that URGT2 and URGT4 are mainly involved in Rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) elongation. Meanwhile, mutants in urgt6 exhibited changes only in adherent mucilage (AM). Surprisingly, the estimated number of RG-I polymer chains present in urgt2 urgt4 and urgt2 urgt4 urgt6 mutants was higher than in wild-type. Interestingly, the increased number of shorter RG-I chains was accompanied by an increased amount of xylan. In the urgt mutants, expression analysis of other genes involved in mucilage biosynthesis showed some compensation. Studies of mutants of transcription factors regulating mucilage formation indicated that URGT2, URGT4, and URGT6 are likely part of a gene network controlled by these regulators and involved in RG-I synthesis. These results suggest that URGT2, URGT4, and URGT6 play different roles in the biosynthesis of mucilage, and the lack of all three affects the production of shorter RG-I polymers and longer xylan domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Saez-Aguayo
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | - Christine Sallé
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRAE-AgroParisTech, F-78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | | | - Asier Largo-Gosens
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Helen M North
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRAE-AgroParisTech, F-78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | | | - Ariel Orellana
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Author for communication:
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19
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Cambert M, Berger A, Sallé C, Esling S, Charif D, Cadoret T, Ralet MC, North HM, Rondeau-Mouro C. Datasets of seed mucilage traits for Arabidopsis thaliana natural accessions with atypical outer mucilage. Sci Data 2021; 8:79. [PMID: 33750820 PMCID: PMC7943791 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana become encapsulated by a layer of mucilage when imbibed. This polysaccharide-rich hydrogel is constituted of two layers, an outer layer that can be easily extracted with water and an inner layer that must be examined in situ in order to study its properties and structure in a non-destructive manner or disintegrated through hydrolysis or physical means in order to analyze its constituents. Mucilage production is an adaptive trait and we have exploited 19 natural accessions previously found to have atypical and varied outer mucilage characteristics. A detailed study using biochemical, histological and Time-Domain NMR analyses has been used to generate three related datasets covering 33 traits measured in four biological replicates. This data will be a rich resource for genetic, biochemical, structural and functional analyses investigating mucilage constituent polysaccharides or their role as adaptive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Cambert
- INRAE, UR1466 OPAALE, 17 avenue de Cucillé, CS 64427, 35044, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Adeline Berger
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Route de Saint Cyr, RD10, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Christine Sallé
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Route de Saint Cyr, RD10, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Stéphanie Esling
- INRAE, UR1466 OPAALE, 17 avenue de Cucillé, CS 64427, 35044, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Delphine Charif
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Route de Saint Cyr, RD10, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Tudel Cadoret
- INRAE, UR1268 BIA, 3, Impasse Yvette Cauchois, CS 71627, 44316 Cedex 3, Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Christine Ralet
- INRAE, UR1268 BIA, 3, Impasse Yvette Cauchois, CS 71627, 44316 Cedex 3, Nantes, France
| | - Helen M North
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Route de Saint Cyr, RD10, 78000, Versailles, France.
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20
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Bai Y, Shen Y, Zhang Z, Jia Q, Xu M, Zhang T, Fang H, Yu X, Li L, Liu D, Qi X, Chen Z, Wu S, Zhang Q, Liang C. A GPAT1 Mutation in Arabidopsis Enhances Plant Height but Impairs Seed Oil Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020785. [PMID: 33466786 PMCID: PMC7829857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) play an important role in glycerolipid biosynthesis, and are mainly involved in oil production, flower development, and stress response. However, their roles in regulating plant height remain unreported. Here, we report that Arabidopsis GPAT1 is involved in the regulation of plant height. GUS assay and qRT-PCR analysis in Arabidopsis showed that GPAT1 is highly expressed in flowers, siliques, and seeds. A loss of function mutation in GPAT1 was shown to decrease seed yield but increase plant height through enhanced cell length. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR data revealed that the expression levels of genes related to gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and signaling, as well as those of cell wall organization and biogenesis, were significantly upregulated. These led to cell length elongation, and thus, an increase in plant height. Together, our data suggest that knockout of GPAT1 impairs glycerolipid metabolism in Arabidopsis, leading to reduced seed yield, but promotes the biosynthesis of GA, which ultimately enhances plant height. This study provides new evidence on the interplay between lipid and hormone metabolism in the regulation of plant height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (H.F.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China;
| | - Qianru Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Q.J.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Mengyuan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.X.); (S.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (H.F.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hailing Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (H.F.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xu Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (H.F.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Li Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (H.F.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (H.F.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiwu Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (H.F.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhide Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (Z.C.)
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.X.); (S.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Q.J.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (H.F.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence:
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21
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Viudes S, Burlat V, Dunand C. Seed mucilage evolution: Diverse molecular mechanisms generate versatile ecological functions for particular environments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2857-2870. [PMID: 32557703 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant myxodiasporous species have the ability to release a polysaccharidic mucilage upon imbibition of the seed (myxospermy) or the fruit (myxocarpy). This is a widespread capacity in angiosperms providing multiple ecological functions including higher germination efficiency under environmental stresses. It is unclear whether myxodiaspory has one or multiple evolutionary origins and why it was supposedly lost in several species. Here, we summarize recent advances on three main aspects of myxodiaspory. (a) It represents a combination of highly diverse traits at different levels of observation, ranging from the dual tissular origin of mucilage secretory cells to diverse mucilage polysaccharidic composition and ultrastructural organization. (b) An asymmetrical selection pressure is exerted on myxospermy-related genes that were first identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. The A. thaliana and the flax intra-species mucilage variants show that myxospermy is a fast-evolving trait due to high polymorphism in a few genes directly acting on mucilage establishment. In A. thaliana, these actors are downstream of a master regulatory complex and an original phylogenetic overview provided here illustrates that this complex has sequentially evolved after the common ancestor of seed plants and was fully established in the common ancestor of the rosid clade. (c) Newly identified myxodiaspory ecological functions indicate new perspectives such as soil microorganism control and plant establishment support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Viudes
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Christophe Dunand
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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22
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Phan JL, Cowley JM, Neumann KA, Herliana L, O'Donovan LA, Burton RA. The novel features of Plantago ovata seed mucilage accumulation, storage and release. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11766. [PMID: 32678191 PMCID: PMC7366641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed mucilage polysaccharide production, storage and release in Plantagoovata is strikingly different to that of the model plant Arabidopsis. We have used microscopy techniques to track the development of mucilage secretory cells and demonstrate that mature P.ovata seeds do not have an outer intact cell layer within which the polysaccharides surround internal columellae. Instead, dehydrated mucilage is spread in a thin homogenous layer over the entire seed surface and upon wetting expands directly outwards, away from the seed. Observing mucilage expansion in real time combined with compositional analysis allowed mucilage layer definition and the roles they play in mucilage release and architecture upon hydration to be explored. The first emergent layer of hydrated mucilage is rich in pectin, extremely hydrophilic, and forms an expansion front that functions to ‘jumpstart’ hydration and swelling of the second layer. This next layer, comprising the bulk of the expanded seed mucilage, is predominantly composed of heteroxylan and appears to provide much of the structural integrity. Our results indicate that the synthesis, deposition, desiccation, and final storage position of mucilage polysaccharides must be carefully orchestrated, although many of these processes are not yet fully defined and vary widely between myxospermous plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana L Phan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia.,Australian Academy of Science, Ian Potter House, 9 Gordon St, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - James M Cowley
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Kylie A Neumann
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia.,IP Australia, PO Box 200, Woden, ACT, 2606, Australia
| | - Lina Herliana
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Lisa A O'Donovan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Rachel A Burton
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia. .,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia.
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23
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Wachananawat B, Kuroha T, Takenaka Y, Kajiura H, Naramoto S, Yokoyama R, Ishizaki K, Nishitani K, Ishimizu T. Diversity of Pectin Rhamnogalacturonan I Rhamnosyltransferases in Glycosyltransferase Family 106. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:997. [PMID: 32714362 PMCID: PMC7343896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) comprises approximately one quarter of the pectin molecules in land plants, and the backbone of RG-I consists of a repeating sequence of [2)-α-L-Rha(1-4)-α-D-GalUA(1-] disaccharide. Four Arabidopsis thaliana genes encoding RG-I rhamnosyltransferases (AtRRT1 to AtRRT4), which synthesize the disaccharide repeats, have been identified in the glycosyltransferase family (GT106). However, the functional role of RG-I in plant cell walls and the evolutional history of RRTs remains to be clarified. Here, we characterized the sole ortholog of AtRRT1-AtRRT4 in liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, namely, MpRRT1. MpRRT1 had RRT activity and genetically complemented the AtRRT1-deficient mutant phenotype in A. thaliana. However, the MpRRT1-deficient M. polymorpha mutants showed no prominent morphological changes and only an approximate 20% reduction in rhamnose content in the cell wall fraction compared to that in wild-type plants, suggesting the existence of other RRT gene(s) in the M. polymorpha genome. As expected, we detected RRT activities in other GT106 family proteins such as those encoded by MpRRT3 in M. polymorpha and FRB1/AtRRT8 in A. thaliana, the deficient mutant of which affects cell adhesion. Our results show that RRT genes are more redundant and diverse in GT106 than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Kuroha
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuto Takenaka
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kajiura
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | | | - Ryusuke Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Takeshi Ishimizu
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
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Dean GH, Pang F, Haughn GW, Kunst L. A simple, non-toxic method for separating seeds based on density, and its application in isolating Arabidopsis thaliana seed oil mutants. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2020; 8:e11332. [PMID: 32351794 PMCID: PMC7186901 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Seed oil is an economically important trait in Brassica oilseed crops. A novel method was developed to isolate Arabidopsis thaliana seeds with altered oil content. METHODS AND RESULTS In A. thaliana, seed oil content is correlated with seed density, with high-oil seeds being less dense than wild type and tending to float in solution, and low-oil seeds being denser and tending to sink. In contrast to previous methods, which used toxic chemicals and density gradient centrifugation, different concentrations of calcium chloride (CaCl2) were employed to separate seeds without the need for centrifugation. The method was validated using known seed oil mutants, and 120,822 T-DNA mutagenized A. thaliana lines were then screened for novel seed density phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS A number of candidate mutants, as well as new alleles of two genes known to influence seed oil biosynthesis, were successfully isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian H Dean
- Department of Botany University of British Columbia 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Flora Pang
- Department of Botany University of British Columbia 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - George W Haughn
- Department of Botany University of British Columbia 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Ljerka Kunst
- Department of Botany University of British Columbia 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver V6T 1Z4 Canada
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25
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Cowley JM, Herliana L, Neumann KA, Ciani S, Cerne V, Burton RA. A small-scale fractionation pipeline for rapid analysis of seed mucilage characteristics. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:20. [PMID: 32123537 PMCID: PMC7038624 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxospermy is a process by which the external surfaces of seeds of many plant species produce mucilage-a polysaccharide-rich gel with numerous fundamental research and industrial applications. Due to its functional properties the mucilage can be difficult to remove from the seed and established methods for mucilage extraction are often incomplete, time-consuming and unnecessarily wasteful of precious seed stocks. RESULTS Here we tested the efficacy of several established protocols for seed mucilage extraction and then downsized and adapted the most effective elements into a rapid, small-scale extraction and analysis pipeline. Within 4 h, three chemically- and functionally-distinct mucilage fractions were obtained from myxospermous seeds. These fractions were used to study natural variation and demonstrate structure-function links, to screen for known mucilage quality markers in a field trial, and to identify research and industry-relevant lines from a large mutant population. CONCLUSION The use of this pipeline allows rapid analysis of mucilage characteristics from diverse myxospermous germplasm which can contribute to fundamental research into mucilage production and properties, quality testing for industrial manufacturing, and progressing breeding efforts in myxospermous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Cowley
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA Australia
| | - Lina Herliana
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA Australia
| | - Kylie A. Neumann
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA Australia
| | - Silvano Ciani
- Dr. Schär R&D Centre, AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Virna Cerne
- Dr. Schär R&D Centre, AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rachel A. Burton
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA Australia
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26
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Mnich E, Bjarnholt N, Eudes A, Harholt J, Holland C, Jørgensen B, Larsen FH, Liu M, Manat R, Meyer AS, Mikkelsen JD, Motawia MS, Muschiol J, Møller BL, Møller SR, Perzon A, Petersen BL, Ravn JL, Ulvskov P. Phenolic cross-links: building and de-constructing the plant cell wall. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:919-961. [PMID: 31971193 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00028c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Covering: Up to 2019Phenolic cross-links and phenolic inter-unit linkages result from the oxidative coupling of two hydroxycinnamates or two molecules of tyrosine. Free dimers of hydroxycinnamates, lignans, play important roles in plant defence. Cross-linking of bound phenolics in the plant cell wall affects cell expansion, wall strength, digestibility, degradability, and pathogen resistance. Cross-links mediated by phenolic substituents are particularly important as they confer strength to the wall via the formation of new covalent bonds, and by excluding water from it. Four biopolymer classes are known to be involved in the formation of phenolic cross-links: lignins, extensins, glucuronoarabinoxylans, and side-chains of rhamnogalacturonan-I. Lignins and extensins are ubiquitous in streptophytes whereas aromatic substituents on xylan and pectic side-chains are commonly assumed to be particular features of Poales sensu lato and core Caryophyllales, respectively. Cross-linking of phenolic moieties proceeds via radical formation, is catalyzed by peroxidases and laccases, and involves monolignols, tyrosine in extensins, and ferulate esters on xylan and pectin. Ferulate substituents, on xylan in particular, are thought to be nucleation points for lignin polymerization and are, therefore, of paramount importance to wall architecture in grasses and for the development of technology for wall disassembly, e.g. for the use of grass biomass for production of 2nd generation biofuels. This review summarizes current knowledge on the intra- and extracellular acylation of polysaccharides, and inter- and intra-molecular cross-linking of different constituents. Enzyme mediated lignan in vitro synthesis for pharmaceutical uses are covered as are industrial exploitation of mutant and transgenic approaches to control cell wall cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Mnich
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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27
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Dean GH, Sola K, Unda F, Mansfield SD, Haughn GW. Analysis of Monosaccharides from Arabidopsis Seed Mucilageand Whole Seeds Using HPAEC-PAD. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3464. [PMID: 33654956 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells deposit a significant quantity of mucilage, composed of the cell wall components pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose, into the apoplast during development. When mature seeds are hydrated, mucilage extrudes to form a gelatinous capsule around the seed. Determining the monosaccharide composition of both extruded mucilage and whole seeds is an essential technique for characterizing seed coat developmental processes and mutants with altered mucilage composition. This protocol covers growth of plants to produce seeds suitable for analysis, extraction of extruded mucilage using water and sodium carbonate (used for mutants with impaired mucilage release), and extraction of alcohol insoluble residue (AIR) from whole seeds. The prepared polysaccharides are then hydrolyzed using sulfuric acid, which hydrolyses all polysaccharides including cellulose. Sensitive and reproducible quantification of the resulting monosaccharides is achieved using high-performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian H Dean
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kresimir Sola
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - George W Haughn
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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28
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Fabrissin I, Cueff G, Berger A, Granier F, Sallé C, Poulain D, Ralet MC, North HM. Natural Variation Reveals a Key Role for Rhamnogalacturonan I in Seed Outer Mucilage and Underlying Genes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:1498-1518. [PMID: 31591153 PMCID: PMC6878024 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
On imbibition, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds release polysaccharides from their epidermal cells that form a two-layered hydrogel, termed mucilage. Analysis of a publicly available data set of outer seed mucilage traits of over 300 accessions showed little natural variation in composition. This mucilage is almost exclusively made up of rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), highlighting the importance of this pectin for outer mucilage function. In a genome-wide association study, observed variations in polymer amount and macromolecular characteristics were linked to several genome polymorphisms, indicating the complexity of their genetic regulation. Natural variants with high molar mass were associated with a gene encoding a putative glycosyltransferase called MUCILAGE-RELATED70 (MUCI70). muci70 insertion mutants produced many short RGI polymers that were highly substituted with xylan, confirming that polymorphism in this gene can affect RGI polymer size. A second gene encoding a putative copper amine oxidase of clade 1a (CuAOα1) was associated with natural variation in the amount of RGI present in the outer mucilage layer; cuaoα1 mutants validated its role in pectin production. As the mutant phenotype is unique, with RGI production only impaired for outer mucilage, this indicates that CuAOα1 contributes to a further mechanism controlling mucilage synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Fabrissin
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles cedex, France
| | - Gwendal Cueff
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles cedex, France
| | - Adeline Berger
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles cedex, France
| | - Fabienne Granier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles cedex, France
| | - Christine Sallé
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles cedex, France
| | - Damien Poulain
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Christine Ralet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Helen M North
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles cedex, France
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McGee R, Dean GH, Mansfield SD, Haughn GW. Assessing the utility of seed coat-specific promoters to engineer cell wall polysaccharide composition of mucilage. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:373-387. [PMID: 31422517 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide composition of seed mucilage was successfully modified using three seed coat-specific promoters driving expression of genes encoding cell wall-modifying enzymes. Arabidopsis thaliana seed coat epidermal cells synthesize and secrete large quantities of mucilage, a specialized secondary cell wall composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. The composition and structure of mucilage confers its unique properties of expansion, extrusion, and adherence. We are developing seed mucilage as a model to study the biochemical and biological consequences of manipulating cell wall polysaccharides in vivo using cell wall-modifying enzymes. To specifically engineer mucilage composition and avoid altering other cell types, seed coat-specific promoters are required. In this study, we investigated the ability of seed coat-specific promoters from three genes, TESTA-ABUNDANT2 (TBA2), PEROXIDASE36 (PER36), and MUCILAGE-MODIFIED4 (MUM4), to express the cell wall modifying β-galactosidase (BGAL)-encoding gene MUCILAGE-MODIFIED2 (MUM2) and complement the mum2 mutant. The strength of the three promoters relative to one another was found to vary by two to 250 fold, and correlated with their ability to rescue the mum2 mutant phenotype. The strongest of the three promoters, TBA2p, was then used to examine the ability of three MUM2 homologs to complement the mum2 extrusion and cell wall composition phenotypes. The degree of complementation was variable and correlated with the amino acid sequence similarity between the homologous gene products and MUM2. These data demonstrate that all three seed coat-specific promoters can drive expression of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes in a spatial and temporal pattern sufficiently to modify polysaccharide composition in seed mucilage without obvious negative consequences to the rest of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert McGee
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Gillian H Dean
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - George W Haughn
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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30
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Shi L, Dean GH, Zheng H, Meents MJ, Haslam TM, Haughn GW, Kunst L. ECERIFERUM11/C-TERMINAL DOMAIN PHOSPHATASE-LIKE2 Affects Secretory Trafficking. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:901-915. [PMID: 31484679 PMCID: PMC6836826 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Secretory trafficking is highly conserved in all eukaryotic cells and is required for secretion of proteins as well as extracellular matrix components. In plants, the export of cuticular waxes and various cell wall components relies on secretory trafficking, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their secretion are not well understood. In this study, we characterize the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) dwarf eceriferum11 (cer11) mutant and we show that it exhibits reduced stem cuticular wax deposition, aberrant seed coat mucilage extrusion, and delayed secondary cell wall columella formation, as well as a block in secretory GFP trafficking. Cloning of the CER11 gene revealed that it encodes a C-TERMINAL DOMAIN PHOSPHATASE-LIKE2 (CPL2) protein. Thus, secretory trafficking in plant cells in general, and secretion of extracellular matrix constituents in developing epidermal cells in particular, involves a dephosphorylation step catalyzed by CER11/CPL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Gillian H Dean
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Miranda J Meents
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Tegan M Haslam
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - George W Haughn
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ljerka Kunst
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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31
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Parra-Rojas JP, Largo-Gosens A, Carrasco T, Celiz-Balboa J, Arenas-Morales V, Sepúlveda-Orellana P, Temple H, Sanhueza D, Reyes FC, Meneses C, Saez-Aguayo S, Orellana A. New steps in mucilage biosynthesis revealed by analysis of the transcriptome of the UDP-rhamnose/UDP-galactose transporter 2 mutant. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5071-5088. [PMID: 31145803 PMCID: PMC6793455 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Upon imbibition, epidermal cells of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds release a mucilage formed mostly by pectic polysaccharides. The Arabidopsis mucilage is composed mainly of unbranched rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I), with low amounts of cellulose, homogalacturonan, and traces of xylan, xyloglucan, galactoglucomannan, and galactan. The pectin-rich composition of the mucilage and their simple extractability makes this structure a good candidate to study the biosynthesis of pectic polysaccharides and their modification. Here, we characterize the mucilage phenotype of a mutant in the UDP-rhamnose/galactose transporter 2 (URGT2), which exhibits a reduction in RG-I and also shows pleiotropic changes, suggesting the existence of compensation mechanisms triggered by the lack of URGT2. To gain an insight into the possible compensation mechanisms activated in the mutant, we performed a transcriptome analysis of developing seeds using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The results showed a significant misregulation of 3149 genes, 37 of them (out of the 75 genes described to date) encoding genes proposed to be involved in mucilage biosynthesis and/or its modification. The changes observed in urgt2 included the up-regulation of UAFT2, a UDP-arabinofuranose transporter, and UUAT3, a paralog of the UDP-uronic acid transporter UUAT1, suggesting that they play a role in mucilage biosynthesis. Mutants in both genes showed changes in mucilage composition and structure, confirming their participation in mucilage biosynthesis. Our results suggest that plants lacking a UDP-rhamnose/galactose transporter undergo important changes in gene expression, probably to compensate modifications in the plant cell wall due to the lack of a gene involved in its biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Parra-Rojas
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Asier Largo-Gosens
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomás Carrasco
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonathan Celiz-Balboa
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Arenas-Morales
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Sepúlveda-Orellana
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Henry Temple
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dayan Sanhueza
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca C Reyes
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susana Saez-Aguayo
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel Orellana
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Poulain D, Botran L, North HM, Ralet MC. Composition and physicochemical properties of outer mucilage from seeds of Arabidopsis natural accessions. AOB PLANTS 2019; 11:plz031. [PMID: 31281620 PMCID: PMC6600900 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) seeds are myxospermous and release two layers of mucilage on imbibition. The outer layer can be extracted with water facilitating the analysis of its major constituent, polysaccharides. The composition and properties of outer mucilage have been determined for 306 natural accessions and six control genotypes to generate a data set comprising six traits measured in four biological replicates for each. Future exploitation of this data is possible in a range of analyses and should yield information concerning genetic diversity, underlying genetic factors and the biological function of mucilage as an adaptive trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Poulain
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, Nantes, France
| | - Lucy Botran
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Helen M North
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Christine Ralet
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, Nantes, France
- Corresponding author’s e-mail address:
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Miart F, Fournet F, Dubrulle N, Petit E, Demailly H, Dupont L, Zabijak L, Marcelo P, Boudaoud A, Pineau C, Guénin S, Van Wuytswinkel O, Mesnard F, Pageau K. Cytological Approaches Combined With Chemical Analysis Reveals the Layered Nature of Flax Mucilage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:684. [PMID: 31293601 PMCID: PMC6598216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The external seed coat cell layer of certain species is specialized in the production and extrusion of a polysaccharide matrix called mucilage. Variations in the content of the released mucilage have been mainly associated with genetically regulated physiological modifications. Understanding the mucilage extrusion process in crop species is of importance to gain deeper insight into the complex cell wall biosynthesis and dynamics. In this study, we took advantage of the varying polysaccharide composition and the size of the flax mucilage secretory cells (MSCs) to study mucilage composition and extrusion in this species of agricultural interest. We demonstrate herein that flax MSCs are structured in four superimposed layers and that rhamnogalacturonans I (RG I) are firstly synthesized, in the upper face, preceding arabinoxylan and glucan synthesis in MSC lower layers. Our results also reveal that the flax mucilage release originates from inside MSC, between the upper and deeper layers, the latter collaborating to trigger polysaccharide expansion, radial cell wall breaking and mucilage extrusion in a peeling fashion. Here, we provide evidence that the layer organization and polysaccharide composition of the MSCs regulate the mucilage release efficiency like a peeling mechanism. Finally, we propose that flax MSCs may represent an excellent model for further investigations of mucilage biosynthesis and its release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Miart
- Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Françoise Fournet
- Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Nelly Dubrulle
- Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Petit
- Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Hervé Demailly
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Loic Dupont
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et de Chimie des Solides, CNRS UMR 7314, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Luciane Zabijak
- Plateforme d’Ingénierie Cellulaire et d’Analyses des Protéines, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Amiens, France
| | - Paulo Marcelo
- Plateforme d’Ingénierie Cellulaire et d’Analyses des Protéines, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Amiens, France
| | - Arezki Boudaoud
- Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Pineau
- Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Stéphanie Guénin
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Olivier Van Wuytswinkel
- Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - François Mesnard
- Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Karine Pageau
- Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
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Šola K, Gilchrist EJ, Ropartz D, Wang L, Feussner I, Mansfield SD, Ralet MC, Haughn GW. RUBY, a Putative Galactose Oxidase, Influences Pectin Properties and Promotes Cell-To-Cell Adhesion in the Seed Coat Epidermis of Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:809-831. [PMID: 30852555 PMCID: PMC6501606 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell adhesion is essential for establishment of multicellularity. In plants, such adhesion is mediated through a middle lamella composed primarily of pectic polysaccharides. The molecular interactions that influence cell-to-cell adhesion are not fully understood. We have used Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat mucilage as a model system to investigate interactions between cell wall carbohydrates. Using a forward-genetic approach, we have discovered a gene, RUBY PARTICLES IN MUCILAGE (RUBY), encoding a protein that is annotated as a member of the Auxiliary Activity 5 (AA5) family of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (Gal/glyoxal oxidases) and is secreted to the apoplast late in the differentiation of seed coat epidermal cells. We show that RUBY is required for the Gal oxidase activity of intact seeds; the oxidation of Gal in side-chains of rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) present in mucilage-modified2 (mum2) mucilage, but not in wild-type mucilage; the retention of branched RG-I in the seed following extrusion; and the enhancement of cell-to-cell adhesion in the seed coat epidermis. These data support the hypothesis that RUBY is a Gal oxidase that strengthens pectin cohesion within the middle lamella, and possibly the mucilage of wild-type seed coat epidermal cells, through oxidation of RG-I Gal side-chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krešimir Šola
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Erin J Gilchrist
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David Ropartz
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nantes 44316, France
| | - Lisa Wang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute, University of Goettingen, Goettingen 37077, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - George W Haughn
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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35
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Tsai AYL, Higaki T, Nguyen CN, Perfus-Barbeoch L, Favery B, Sawa S. Regulation of Root-Knot Nematode Behavior by Seed-Coat Mucilage-Derived Attractants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:99-112. [PMID: 30503864 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Seed exudates influence the behavior of soil organisms, but how this occurs remains unclear, particularly for multicellular animals. Here we show that compounds associated with Arabidopsis seed-coat mucilage regulate the behavior of soil-borne animals, specifically root-knot nematodes (RKNs). Infective RKN J2 larvae actively travel toward Arabidopsis seeds through chemotaxis. Analysis of Arabidopsis mucilage mutants demonstrated that the attraction of RKNs to Arabidopsis seeds requires the synthesis and extrusion of seed-coat mucilage. Extracted mucilage alone is not sufficient to attract RKNs, but seed-surface carbohydrates and proteins are required for this process. These findings suggest that the RKN chemoattractant is synthesized de novo upon mucilage extrusion but may be highly unstable. RKNs attracted by this mucilage-dependent mechanism can infect the emerging seedling. However, the attraction signal from seedling roots likely acts independently of the seed-coat signal and may mask the attraction to seed-coat mucilage after germination. Multiple RKN species are attracted by Arabidopsis seeds, suggesting that this mechanism is conserved in RKNs. These findings indicate that seed exudate can regulate the behavior of multicellular animals and highlight the potential roles of seed-coat mucilage in biotic interactions with soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Yi-Lun Tsai
- Graduate School of Science & Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Chinh-Nghia Nguyen
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Laetitia Perfus-Barbeoch
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Bruno Favery
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Graduate School of Science & Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
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36
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Miart F, Fontaine JX, Pineau C, Demailly H, Thomasset B, Van Wuytswinkel O, Pageau K, Mesnard F. MuSeeQ, a novel supervised image analysis tool for the simultaneous phenotyping of the soluble mucilage and seed morphometric parameters. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:112. [PMID: 30568724 PMCID: PMC6297999 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mucilage is a model to study the polysaccharide biosynthesis since it is produced in large amounts and composed of complex polymers. In addition, it is of great economic interest for its technical and nutritional value. A fast method for phenotyping the released mucilage and the seed morphometric parameters will be useful for fundamental, food, pharmaceutical and breeding researches. Current strategies to phenotype soluble mucilage are restricted to visual evaluations or are highly time-consuming. RESULTS Here, we developed a high-throughput phenotyping method for the simultaneous measurement of the soluble mucilage content released on a gel and the seed morphometric parameters. Within this context, we combined a biochemical assay and an open-source computer-aided image analysis tool, MuSeeQ. The biochemical assay consists in sowing seeds on an agarose medium containing the dye toluidine blue O, which specifically stains the mucilage once it is released on the gel. The second part of MuSeeQ is a macro developed in ImageJ allowing to quickly extract and analyse 11 morphometric data of seeds and their respective released mucilages. As an example, MuSeeQ was applied on a flax recombinant inbred lines population (previously screened for fatty acids content.) and revealed significant correlations between the soluble mucilage shape and the concentration of some fatty acids, e.g. C16:0 and C18:2. Other fatty acids were also found to correlate with the seed shape parameters, e.g. C18:0 and C18:2. MuSeeQ was then showed to be used for the analysis of other myxospermous species, including Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa. CONCLUSIONS MuSeeQ is a low-cost and user-friendly method which may be used by breeders and researchers for phenotyping simultaneously seeds of specific cultivars, natural variants or mutants and their respective soluble mucilage area released on a gel. The script of MuSeeQ and video tutorials are freely available at http://MuSeeQ.free.fr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Miart
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
- Present Address: Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, INRA/AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Sciences, INRA Centre de Versailles, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Xavier Fontaine
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Christophe Pineau
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Hervé Demailly
- Centre de ressources régionales en biologie moléculaire, Bâtiment Serrres-Transfert, rue Dallery, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Sorbonne Universités, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Van Wuytswinkel
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Karine Pageau
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - François Mesnard
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
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Voiniciuc C, Engle KA, Günl M, Dieluweit S, Schmidt MHW, Yang JY, Moremen KW, Mohnen D, Usadel B. Identification of Key Enzymes for Pectin Synthesis in Seed Mucilage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1045-1064. [PMID: 30228108 PMCID: PMC6236597 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is a vital component of the plant cell wall and provides the molecular glue that maintains cell-cell adhesion, among other functions. As the most complex wall polysaccharide, pectin is composed of several covalently linked domains, such as homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I). Pectin has widespread uses in the food industry and has emerging biomedical applications, but its synthesis remains poorly understood. For instance, the enzymes that catalyze RG I elongation remain unknown. Recently, a coexpression- and sequence-based MUCILAGE-RELATED (MUCI) reverse genetic screen uncovered hemicellulose biosynthetic enzymes in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat. Here, we use an extension of this strategy to identify MUCI70 as the founding member of a glycosyltransferase family essential for the accumulation of seed mucilage, a gelatinous wall rich in unbranched RG I. Detailed biochemical and histological characterization of two muci70 mutants and two galacturonosyltransferase11 (gaut11) mutants identified MUCI70 and GAUT11 as required for two distinct RG I domains in seed mucilage. We demonstrate that, unlike MUCI70, GAUT11 catalyzes HG elongation in vitro and, thus, likely is required for the synthesis of an HG region important for RG I elongation. Analysis of a muci70 gaut11 double mutant confirmed that MUCI70 and GAUT11 are indispensable for the production and release of the bulk of mucilage RG I and for shaping the surface morphology of seeds. In addition, we uncover relationships between pectin and hemicelluloses and show that xylan is essential for the elongation of at least one RG I domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălin Voiniciuc
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
- Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics, BioSC, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristen A Engle
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Markus Günl
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Sabine Dieluweit
- Institute of Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Heinrich-Wilhelm Schmidt
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
- Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics, BioSC, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Debra Mohnen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
- Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics, BioSC, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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38
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Sechet J, Marion-Poll A, North HM. Emerging Functions for Cell Wall Polysaccharides Accumulated during Eudicot Seed Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 7:E81. [PMID: 30274256 PMCID: PMC6313846 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The formation of seeds is a reproductive strategy in higher plants that enables the dispersal of offspring through time and space. Eudicot seeds comprise three main components, the embryo, the endosperm and the seed coat, where the coordinated development of each is important for the correct formation of the mature seed. In addition, the seed coat protects the quiescent progeny and can provide transport mechanisms. A key underlying process in the production of seed tissues is the formation of an extracellular matrix termed the cell wall, which is well known for its essential function in cytokinesis, directional growth and morphogenesis. The cell wall is composed of a macromolecular network of polymers where the major component is polysaccharides. The attributes of polysaccharides differ with their composition and charge, which enables dynamic remodeling of the mechanical and physical properties of the matrix by adjusting their production, modification or turnover. Accordingly, the importance of specific polysaccharides or modifications is increasingly being associated with specialized functions within seed tissues, often through the spatio-temporal accumulation or remodeling of particular polymers. Here, we review the evolution and accumulation of polysaccharides during eudicot seed development, what is known of their impact on wall architecture and the diverse roles associated with these in different seed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Sechet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
| | - Annie Marion-Poll
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
| | - Helen M North
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
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Ban Q, Han Y, He Y, Jin M, Han S, Suo J, Rao J. Functional characterization of persimmon β-galactosidase gene DkGAL1 in tomato reveals cell wall modification related to fruit ripening and radicle elongation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:109-120. [PMID: 30080594 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall metabolism during fruit ripening is a highly organized process that involves complex interplay among various cell wall hydrolases. Among these cell wall hydrolases, β-galactosidase has been identified to participate in cell wall metabolism via its ability to catalyze galactosyl metabolism from the large and complex side chains of cell walls. In this study, the galactose content in the pericarp increased during persimmon fruit ripening, but cell wall galactosyl residues decreased, indicating a relationship between galactose metabolism and persimmon fruit ripening. Expression of a previously isolated β-galactosidase gene, DkGAL1, increased 25.01-fold during fruit ripening. Heterologous expression of DkGAL1 under the CaMV 35S promoter in tomato accelerated on-plant and postharvest fruits ripening. The fruit firmness of one of transgenic line, OE-18, was 23.83% lower than that of WT at the breaker stage. The transgenic fruits produced more ethylene by promoting the expression of ethylene synthesis-related genes and cell wall degradation-related genes. Overexpression of DkGAL1 in tomato also reduced cell-to-cell adhesion and promoted both wider intercellular spaces and less cell compaction in transgenic fruit structures. Moreover, DkGAL1 was involved in seed germination and radicle elongation in transgenic tomato seeds. These results confirm the role of DkGAL1 in fruit ripening and suggest that this gene alters galactose metabolism in the fruit, which can promote ripening and reduce cellular adhesion. In addition, the role of DkGAL1 is not limited to fruit softening; DkGAL1 was also involved in seed germination and radicle elongation in transgenic tomato seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Ban
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Ye Han
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yiheng He
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Mijing Jin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Shoukun Han
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jiangtao Suo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - JingPing Rao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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40
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Dai X, Zhao G, Jiao T, Wu Y, Li X, Zhou K, Gao L, Xia T. Involvement of Three CsRHM Genes from Camellia sinensis in UDP-Rhamnose Biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7139-7149. [PMID: 29916708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UDP-Rhamnose synthase (RHM), the branch-point enzyme controlling the nucleotide sugar interconversion pathway, converts UDP-d-glucose into UDP-rhamnose. As a rhamnose residue donor, UDP-l-rhamnose is essential for the biosynthesis of pectic polysaccharides and secondary metabolites in plants. In this study, three CsRHM genes from tea plants ( Camellia sinensis) were cloned and characterized. Enzyme assays showed that three recombinant proteins displayed RHM activity and were involved in the biosynthesis of UDP-rhamnose in vitro. The transcript profiles, metabolite profiles, and mucilage location suggest that the three CsRHM genes likely contribute to UDP-rhamnose biosynthesis and may be involved in primary wall formation in C. sinensis. These analyses of CsRHM genes and metabolite profiles provide a comprehensive understanding of secondary metabolite biosynthesis and regulation in tea plants. Moreover, our results can be applied for the synthesis of the secondary metabolite rhamnoside in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
- School of Life Science , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Guifu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Tianming Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Yingling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Xinmin Li
- School of Life Science , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Kang Zhou
- School of Life Science , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Liping Gao
- School of Life Science , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
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41
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Golz JF, Allen PJ, Li SF, Parish RW, Jayawardana NU, Bacic A, Doblin MS. Layers of regulation - Insights into the role of transcription factors controlling mucilage production in the Arabidopsis seed coat. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 272:179-192. [PMID: 29807590 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A polysaccharide-rich mucilage is released from the seed coat epidermis of numerous plant species and has been intensively studied in the model plant Arabidopsis. This has led to the identification of a large number of genes involved in the synthesis, secretion and modification of cell wall polysaccharides such as pectin, hemicellulose and cellulose being identified. These genes include a small network of transcription factors (TFs) and transcriptional co-regulators, that not only regulate mucilage production, but epidermal cell differentiation and in some cases flavonoid biosynthesis in the internal endothelial layer of the seed coat. Here we focus on the function of these regulators and propose a simplified model where they are assigned to a hierarchical gene network with three regulatory levels (tiers) as a means of assisting in the interpretation of the complexity. We discuss limitations of current methodologies and highlight some of the problems associated with defining the function of TFs, particularly those that perform different functions in adjacent layers of the seed coat. We suggest approaches that should provide a more accurate picture of the function of transcription factors involved with mucilage production and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Golz
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Patrick J Allen
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio Centre, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Song F Li
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio Centre, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Roger W Parish
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio Centre, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Nadeeka U Jayawardana
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Antony Bacic
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Monika S Doblin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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42
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Ben-Tov D, Idan-Molakandov A, Hugger A, Ben-Shlush I, Günl M, Yang B, Usadel B, Harpaz-Saad S. The role of COBRA-LIKE 2 function, as part of the complex network of interacting pathways regulating Arabidopsis seed mucilage polysaccharide matrix organization. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:497-512. [PMID: 29446495 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The production of hydrophilic mucilage along the course of seed coat epidermal cell differentiation is a common adaptation in angiosperms. Previous studies have identified COBRA-LIKE 2 (COBL2), a member of the COBRA-LIKE gene family, as a novel component required for crystalline cellulose deposition in seed coat epidermal cells. In recent years, Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells (SCEs), also called mucilage secretory cells, have emerged as a powerful model system for the study of plant cell wall components biosynthesis, secretion, assembly and de muro modification. Despite accumulating data, the molecular mechanism of COBL function remains largely unknown. In the current research, we utilized genetic interactions to study the role of COBL2 as part of the protein network required for seed mucilage production. Using correlative phenotyping of structural and biochemical characteristics, unique features of the cobl2 extruded mucilage are revealed, including: 'unraveled' ray morphology, loss of primary cell wall 'pyramidal' organization, reduced Ruthenium red staining intensity of the adherent mucilage layer, and increased levels of the monosaccharides arabinose and galactose. Examination of the cobl2cesa5 double mutant provides insight into the interface between COBL function and cellulose deposition. Additionally, genetic interactions between cobl2 and fei1fei2 as well as between each of these mutants to mucilage-modified 2 (mum2) suggest that COBL2 functions independently of the FEI-SOS pathway. Altogether, the presented data place COBL2 within the complex protein network required for cell wall deposition in the context of seed mucilage and introduce new methodology expending the seed mucilage phenotyping toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ben-Tov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Anat Idan-Molakandov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Anat Hugger
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ilan Ben-Shlush
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Markus Günl
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Smadar Harpaz-Saad
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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43
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Guedes FTP, Laurans F, Quemener B, Assor C, Lainé-Prade V, Boizot N, Vigouroux J, Lesage-Descauses MC, Leplé JC, Déjardin A, Pilate G. Non-cellulosic polysaccharide distribution during G-layer formation in poplar tension wood fibers: abundance of rhamnogalacturonan I and arabinogalactan proteins but no evidence of xyloglucan. PLANTA 2017; 246:857-878. [PMID: 28699115 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
RG-I and AGP, but not XG, are associated to the building of the peculiar mechanical properties of tension wood. Hardwood trees produce tension wood (TW) with specific mechanical properties to cope with environmental cues. Poplar TW fibers have an additional cell wall layer, the G-layer responsible for TW mechanical properties. We investigated, in two poplar hybrid species, the molecules potentially involved in the building of TW mechanical properties. First, we evaluated the distribution of the different classes of non-cellulosic polysaccharides during xylem fiber differentiation, using immunolocalization. In parallel, G-layers were isolated and their polysaccharide composition determined. These complementary approaches provided information on the occurrence of non-cellulosic polysaccharides during G-fiber differentiation. We found no evidence of the presence of xyloglucan (XG) in poplar G-layers, whereas arabinogalactan proteins (AGP) and rhamnogalacturonan type I pectins (RG-I) were abundant, with an apparent progressive loss of RG-I side chains during G-layer maturation. Similarly, the intensity of immunolabeling signals specific for glucomannans and glucuronoxylans varies during G-layer maturation. RG-I and AGP are best candidate matrix components to be responsible for TW mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carole Assor
- BIA, INRA, 44316, Nantes, France
- IATE, INRA, 34060, Montpellier, France
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44
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Xu W, Bobet S, Le Gourrierec J, Grain D, De Vos D, Berger A, Salsac F, Kelemen Z, Boucherez J, Rolland A, Mouille G, Routaboul JM, Lepiniec L, Dubos C. TRANSPARENT TESTA 16 and 15 act through different mechanisms to control proanthocyanidin accumulation in Arabidopsis testa. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2859-2870. [PMID: 28830101 PMCID: PMC5853933 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that fulfil a multitude of functions during the plant life cycle. In Arabidopsis proanthocyanidins (PAs) are flavonoids that specifically accumulate in the innermost integuments of the seed testa (i.e. endothelium), as well as in the chalaza and micropyle areas, and play a vital role in protecting the embryo against various biotic and abiotic stresses. PAs accumulation in the endothelium requires the activity of the MADS box transcription factor TRANSPARENT TESTA (TT) 16 (ARABIDOPSIS B-SISTER/AGAMOUS-LIKE 32) and the UDP-glycosyltransferase TT15 (UGT80B1). Interestingly tt16 and tt15 mutants display a very similar flavonoid profiles and patterns of PA accumulation. By using a combination of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and histochemical methods, we showed that both TT16 and TT15 act upstream the PA biosynthetic pathway, but through two distinct genetic routes. We also demonstrated that the activity of TT16 in regulating cell fate determination and PA accumulation in the endothelium is required in the chalaza prior to the globular stage of embryo development. Finally this study provides new insight showing that TT16 and TT15 functions extend beyond PA biosynthesis in the inner integuments of the Arabidopsis seed coat.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Xu
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - S Bobet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - J Le Gourrierec
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - D Grain
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - D De Vos
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - A Berger
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - F Salsac
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Z Kelemen
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - J Boucherez
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moleculaire des Plantes (BPMP), INRA, CNRS, SupAgro-M, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - A Rolland
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - G Mouille
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - J M Routaboul
- Genomic and Biotechnology of Fruit, UMR 990 INRA/INP-ENSAT, 24 Chemin de Borderouge-Auzeville, CS, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - L Lepiniec
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - C Dubos
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moleculaire des Plantes (BPMP), INRA, CNRS, SupAgro-M, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex, France
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45
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Tsai AYL, Kunieda T, Rogalski J, Foster LJ, Ellis BE, Haughn GW. Identification and Characterization of Arabidopsis Seed Coat Mucilage Proteins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1059-1074. [PMID: 28003327 PMCID: PMC5291037 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell wall proteins are important regulators of cell wall architecture and function. However, because cell wall proteins are difficult to extract and analyze, they are generally poorly understood. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of proteins integral to the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat mucilage, a specialized layer of the extracellular matrix composed of plant cell wall carbohydrates that is used as a model for cell wall research. The proteins identified in mucilage include those previously identified by genetic analysis, and several mucilage proteins are reduced in mucilage-deficient mutant seeds, suggesting that these proteins are genuinely associated with the mucilage. Arabidopsis mucilage has both nonadherent and adherent layers. Both layers have similar protein profiles except for proteins involved in lipid metabolism, which are present exclusively in the adherent mucilage. The most abundant mucilage proteins include a family of proteins named TESTA ABUNDANT1 (TBA1) to TBA3; a less abundant fourth homolog was named TBA-LIKE (TBAL). TBA and TBAL transcripts and promoter activities were detected in developing seed coats, and their expression requires seed coat differentiation regulators. TBA proteins are secreted to the mucilage pocket during differentiation. Although reverse genetics failed to identify a function for TBAs/TBAL, the TBA promoters are highly expressed and cell type specific and so should be very useful tools for targeting proteins to the seed coat epidermis. Altogether, these results highlight the mucilage proteome as a model for cell walls in general, as it shares similarities with other cell wall proteomes while also containing mucilage-specific features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Yi-Lun Tsai
- Department of Botany (A.Y.-L.T., T.K., G.W.H.), Michael Smith Laboratories (A.Y.-L.T., J.R., L.J.F., B.E.E.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.J.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Tadashi Kunieda
- Department of Botany (A.Y.-L.T., T.K., G.W.H.), Michael Smith Laboratories (A.Y.-L.T., J.R., L.J.F., B.E.E.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.J.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Jason Rogalski
- Department of Botany (A.Y.-L.T., T.K., G.W.H.), Michael Smith Laboratories (A.Y.-L.T., J.R., L.J.F., B.E.E.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.J.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Botany (A.Y.-L.T., T.K., G.W.H.), Michael Smith Laboratories (A.Y.-L.T., J.R., L.J.F., B.E.E.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.J.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Brian E Ellis
- Department of Botany (A.Y.-L.T., T.K., G.W.H.), Michael Smith Laboratories (A.Y.-L.T., J.R., L.J.F., B.E.E.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.J.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - George W Haughn
- Department of Botany (A.Y.-L.T., T.K., G.W.H.), Michael Smith Laboratories (A.Y.-L.T., J.R., L.J.F., B.E.E.), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.J.F.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
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46
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Fractionation and structural characterization of six purified rhamnogalacturonans type I from flaxseed mucilage. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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Ghannad Sabzevary A, Hosseini R. Two main domains with different roles discovered an a new tomato beta-galactosidase. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816201605006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Voiniciuc C, Zimmermann E, Schmidt MHW, Günl M, Fu L, North HM, Usadel B. Extensive Natural Variation in Arabidopsis Seed Mucilage Structure. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:803. [PMID: 27375657 PMCID: PMC4894908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydrated Arabidopsis thaliana seeds are coated by a gelatinous layer called mucilage, which is mainly composed of cell wall polysaccharides. Since mucilage is rich in pectin, its architecture can be visualized with the ruthenium red (RR) dye. We screened the seeds of around 280 Arabidopsis natural accessions for variation in mucilage structure, and identified a large number of novel variants that differed from the Col-0 wild-type. Most of the accessions released smaller RR-stained capsules compared to the Col-0 reference. By biochemically characterizing the phenotypes of 25 of these accessions in greater detail, we discovered that distinct changes in polysaccharide structure resulted in gelatinous coatings with a deceptively similar appearance. Monosaccharide composition analysis of total mucilage extracts revealed a remarkable variation (from 50 to 200% of Col-0 levels) in the content of galactose and mannose, which are important subunits of heteromannan. In addition, most of the natural variants had altered Pontamine Fast Scarlet 4B staining of cellulose and significantly reduced birefringence of crystalline structures. This indicates that the production or organization of cellulose may be affected by the presence of different amounts of hemicellulose. Although, the accessions described in this study were primarily collected from Western Europe, they form five different phenotypic classes based on the combined results of our experiments. This suggests that polymorphisms at multiple loci are likely responsible for the observed mucilage structure. The transcription of MUCILAGE-RELATED10 (MUCI10), which encodes a key enzyme for galactoglucomannan synthesis, was severely reduced in multiple variants that phenocopied the muci10-1 insertion mutant. Although, we could not pinpoint any causal polymorphisms in this gene, constitutive expression of fluorescently-tagged MUCI10 proteins complemented the mucilage defects of a muci10-like accession. This leads us to hypothesize that some accessions might disrupt a transcriptional regulator of MUCI10. Therefore, this collection of publicly-available variants should provide insight into plant cell wall organization and facilitate the discovery of genes that regulate polysaccharide biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălin Voiniciuc
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum JülichJülich, Germany
- Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics, BioEconomy Science Center, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Eva Zimmermann
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum JülichJülich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Heinrich-Wilhelm Schmidt
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum JülichJülich, Germany
- Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics, BioEconomy Science Center, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Markus Günl
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum JülichJülich, Germany
| | - Lanbao Fu
- Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics, BioEconomy Science Center, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Helen M. North
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-SaclayVersailles, France
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum JülichJülich, Germany
- Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics, BioEconomy Science Center, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
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49
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Ralet MC, Crépeau MJ, Vigouroux J, Tran J, Berger A, Sallé C, Granier F, Botran L, North HM. Xylans Provide the Structural Driving Force for Mucilage Adhesion to the Arabidopsis Seed Coat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:165-78. [PMID: 26979331 PMCID: PMC4854713 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat epidermal cells produce large amounts of mucilage that is released upon imbibition. This mucilage is structured into two domains: an outer diffuse layer that can be easily removed by agitation and an inner layer that remains attached to the outer seed coat. Both layers are composed primarily of pectic rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), the inner layer also containing rays of cellulose that extend from the top of each columella. Perturbation in cellulosic ray formation has systematically been associated with a redistribution of pectic mucilage from the inner to the outer layer, in agreement with cellulose-pectin interactions, the nature of which remained unknown. Here, by analyzing the outer layer composition of a series of mutant alleles, a tight proportionality of xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose was evidenced, except for mucilage modified5-1 (mum5-1; a mutant showing a redistribution of mucilage pectin from the inner adherent layer to the outer soluble one), for which the rhamnose-xylose ratio was increased drastically. Biochemical and in vitro binding assay data demonstrated that xylan chains are attached to RG-I chains and mediate the adsorption of mucilage to cellulose microfibrils. mum5-1 mucilage exhibited very weak adsorption to cellulose. MUM5 was identified as a putative xylosyl transferase recently characterized as MUCI21. Together, these findings suggest that the binding affinity of xylose ramifications on RG-I to a cellulose scaffold is one of the factors involved in the formation of the adherent mucilage layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Ralet
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France (M.-C.R., M.-J.C., J.V.); andInstitut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (J.T., A.B., C.S., F.G., L.B., H.M.N.)
| | - Marie-Jeanne Crépeau
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France (M.-C.R., M.-J.C., J.V.); andInstitut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (J.T., A.B., C.S., F.G., L.B., H.M.N.)
| | - Jacqueline Vigouroux
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France (M.-C.R., M.-J.C., J.V.); andInstitut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (J.T., A.B., C.S., F.G., L.B., H.M.N.)
| | - Joseph Tran
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France (M.-C.R., M.-J.C., J.V.); andInstitut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (J.T., A.B., C.S., F.G., L.B., H.M.N.)
| | - Adeline Berger
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France (M.-C.R., M.-J.C., J.V.); andInstitut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (J.T., A.B., C.S., F.G., L.B., H.M.N.)
| | - Christine Sallé
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France (M.-C.R., M.-J.C., J.V.); andInstitut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (J.T., A.B., C.S., F.G., L.B., H.M.N.)
| | - Fabienne Granier
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France (M.-C.R., M.-J.C., J.V.); andInstitut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (J.T., A.B., C.S., F.G., L.B., H.M.N.)
| | - Lucy Botran
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France (M.-C.R., M.-J.C., J.V.); andInstitut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (J.T., A.B., C.S., F.G., L.B., H.M.N.)
| | - Helen M North
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, France (M.-C.R., M.-J.C., J.V.); andInstitut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (J.T., A.B., C.S., F.G., L.B., H.M.N.)
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Hung CH, Kanehara K, Nakamura Y. Isolation and characterization of a mutant defective in triacylglycerol accumulation in nitrogen-starved Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1282-1293. [PMID: 27060488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG), a major source of biodiesel production, accumulates in nitrogen-starved Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. However, the metabolic pathway of starch-to-TAG conversion remains elusive because an enzyme that affects the starch degradation is unknown. Here, we isolated a new class of mutant bgal1, which expressed an overaccumulation of starch granules and defective photosynthetic growth. The bgal1 was a null mutant of a previously uncharacterized β-galactosidase-like gene (Cre02.g119700), which decreased total β-galactosidase activity 40% of the wild type. Upon nitrogen starvation, the bgal1 mutant showed decreased TAG accumulation mainly due to the reduced flux of de novo TAG biosynthesis evidenced by increased unsaturation of fatty acid composition in TAG and reduced TAG accumulation by additional supplementation of acetate to the culture media. Metabolomic analysis of the bgal1 mutant showed significantly reduced levels of metabolites following the hydrolysis of starch and substrates for TAG accumulation, whereas metabolites in TCA cycle were unaffected. Upon nitrogen starvation, while levels of glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate and acetyl-CoA remained lower, most of the other metabolites in glycolysis were increased but those in the TCA cycle were decreased, supporting TAG accumulation. We suggest that BGAL1 may be involved in the degradation of starch, which affects TAG accumulation in nitrogen-starved C. reinhardtii. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Lipid Biology edited by Kent D. Chapman and Ivo Feussner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Hung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 sec.2 Academia Rd. Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Kazue Kanehara
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 sec.2 Academia Rd. Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 sec.2 Academia Rd. Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, A-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan.
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