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Zhang Y, Duan X, Wang Z, Lv Y, Qi W, Li L, Luo L, Xuan W. CEPs suppress auxin signaling but promote cytokinin signaling to inhibit root growth in Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 711:149934. [PMID: 38626621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
C-terminally encoded peptides (CEPs) are peptide hormones that function as mobile signals coordinating crucial developmental programs in plants. Previous studies have revealed that CEPs exert negative regulation on root development through interaction with CEP receptors (CEPRs), CEP DOWNSTREAMs (CEPDs), the cytokinin receptor ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE (AHKs) and the transcriptional repressor Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (AUX/IAA). However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying CEPs-mediated regulation of root development via auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways still necessitate further detailed investigation. In this study, we examined prior research and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that both synthetic AtCEPs and overexpression of AtCEP5 markedly supressed primary root elongation and lateral root (LR) formation in Arabidopsis. Molecular biology and genetics elucidated how CEPs inhibit root growth by suppressing auxin signaling while promoting cytokinin signaling. In summary, this study elucidated the inhibitory effects of AtCEPs on Arabidopsis root growth and provided insights into their potential molecular mechanisms, thus enhancing our comprehension of CEP-mediated regulation of plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Xingliang Duan
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuanda Lv
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210014, China; Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Weicong Qi
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210014, China; Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Lun Li
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Le Luo
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Fu Z, Yuan X, Zhao Y, Wang X, Lu L, Wang H, Li Y, Gao J, Wang L, Zhang H. Identification of ARF Genes and Elucidation of the Regulatory Effects of PsARF16a on the Dormancy of Tree Peony Plantlets. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:666. [PMID: 38927602 PMCID: PMC11203063 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The low survival rate of transplanted plantlets, which has limited the utility of tissue-culture-based methods for the rapid propagation of tree peonies, is due to plantlet dormancy after rooting. We previously determined that the auxin response factor PsARF may be a key regulator of tree peony dormancy. To clarify the mechanism mediating tree peony plantlet dormancy, PsARF genes were systematically identified and analyzed. Additionally, PsARF16a was transiently expressed in the leaves of tree peony plantlets to examine its regulatory effects on a downstream gene network. Nineteen PsARF genes were identified and divided into four classes. All PsARF genes encoded proteins with conserved B3 and ARF domains. The number of motifs, exons, and introns varied between PsARF genes in different classes. The overexpression of PsARF16a altered the expression of NCED, ZEP, PYL, GA2ox1, GID1, and other key genes in abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) signal transduction pathways, thereby promoting ABA synthesis and decreasing GA synthesis. Significant changes to the expression of some key genes contributing to starch and sugar metabolism (e.g., AMY2A, BAM3, BGLU, STP, and SUS2) may be associated with the gradual conversion of sugar into starch. This study provides important insights into PsARF functions in tree peonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Fu
- Horticultural Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Horticultural Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yinge Zhao
- Horticultural Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Luoyang 471022, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Luoyang 471022, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Horticultural Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- Horticultural Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Horticultural Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Horticultural Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hechen Zhang
- Horticultural Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Bao A, Jiao T, Hu T, Cui K, Yue W, Liu Y, Zeng H, Zhang J, Han S, Wu M. Cloning of the Arabidopsis SMAP2 promoter and analysis of its expression activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11451. [PMID: 38769443 PMCID: PMC11106232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The SMALL ACIDIC PROTEIN (SMAP) gene is evolutionarily indispensable for organisms. There are two copies of the SMAP gene in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, namely, SMAP1 and SMAP2. The function of SMAP2 is similar to that of SMAP1, and both can mediate 2,4-D responses in the root of Arabidopsis. This study cloned the AtSMAP2 genetic promoter sequence. Two promoter fragments of different lengths were designed according to the distribution of their cis-acting elements, and the corresponding β- glucuronidase (GUS) expression vector was constructed. The expression activity of promoters of two lengths, 1993 bp and 997 bp, was studied by the genetic transformation in Arabidopsis. The prediction results of cis-acting elements in the promoter show that there are many hormone response elements in 997 bp, such as three abscisic acid response elements ABRE, gibberellin response elements P-box and GARE-motif and auxin response element AuxRR-core. Through GUS histochemical staining and qRT‒PCR analysis, it was found that the higher promoter activity of PAtSMAP2-997, compared to PAtSMAP2-1993, drove the expression of GUS genes at higher levels in Arabidopsis, especially in the root system. The results provide an important basis for subsequent studies on the regulation of AtSMAP2 gene expression and biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anar Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Jiao
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
- TECON Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Yue
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Shining Han
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China.
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Kudoyarova G. Special Issue "Phytohormones: Important Participators in Plant Growth and Development". Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1380. [PMID: 38338660 PMCID: PMC10855094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The articles published in the IJMS Special Issue "Phytohormones" are devoted to various aspects of hormonal control of plant growth and development promoting adaptation to normal and stress conditions [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzel Kudoyarova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Octyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia
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Zhang H, Mu Y, Zhang H, Yu C. Maintenance of stem cell activity in plant development and stress responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1302046. [PMID: 38155857 PMCID: PMC10754534 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1302046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells residing in plant apical meristems play an important role during postembryonic development. These stem cells are the wellspring from which tissues and organs of the plant emerge. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) governs the aboveground portions of a plant, while the root apical meristem (RAM) orchestrates the subterranean root system. In their sessile existence, plants are inextricably bound to their environment and must adapt to various abiotic stresses, including osmotic stress, drought, temperature fluctuations, salinity, ultraviolet radiation, and exposure to heavy metal ions. These environmental challenges exert profound effects on stem cells, potentially causing severe DNA damage and disrupting the equilibrium of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ signaling in these vital cells, jeopardizing their integrity and survival. In response to these challenges, plants have evolved mechanisms to ensure the preservation, restoration, and adaptation of the meristematic stem cell niche. This enduring response allows plants to thrive in their habitats over extended periods. Here, we presented a comprehensive overview of the cellular and molecular intricacies surrounding the initiation and maintenance of the meristematic stem cell niche. We also delved into the mechanisms employed by stem cells to withstand and respond to abiotic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huankai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Yangwei Mu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caiyu Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
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Li Y, Xu Y, Han R, Liu L, Pei X, Zhao X. Widely Targeted Metabolomic Profiling Combined with Transcriptome Analysis Provides New Insights into Lipid Biosynthesis in Seed Kernels of Pinus koraiensis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12887. [PMID: 37629067 PMCID: PMC10454069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-rich Pinus koraiensis seed kernels are highly regarded for their nutritional and health benefits. To ascertain the molecular mechanism of lipid synthesis, we conducted widely targeted metabolomic profiling together with a transcriptome analysis of the kernels in P. koraiensis cones at various developmental stages. The findings reveal that 148 different types of lipid metabolites, or 29.6% of total metabolites, are present in kernels. Among those metabolites, the concentrations of linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and α-linolenic acid were higher, and they steadily rose as the kernels developed. An additional 10 hub genes implicated in kernel lipid synthesis were discovered using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), gene interaction network analysis, oil body biosynthesis, and transcriptome analysis. This study used lipid metabolome and transcriptome analyses to investigate the mechanisms of key regulatory genes and lipid synthesis molecules during kernel development, which served as a solid foundation for future research on lipid metabolism and the creation of P. koraiensis kernel food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (L.L.)
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yujin Xu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Rui Han
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Lin Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Xiaona Pei
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (L.L.)
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Ji C, Liang Z, Cao H, Chen Z, Kong X, Xin Z, He M, Wang J, Wei Z, Xing J, Li C, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Sun F, Li J, Li K. Transcriptome-based analysis of the effects of compound microbial agents on gene expression in wheat roots and leaves under salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1109077. [PMID: 37235031 PMCID: PMC10206238 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1109077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Salt stress inhibits the beneficial effects of most plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. The synergistic relationship between beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms and plants helps achieve more stable growth-promoting effects. This study aimed 1) to elucidate changes in gene expression profiles in the roots and leaves of wheat after inoculation with compound microbial agents and 2) to determine the mechanisms by which plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria mediate plant responses to microorganisms. Methods Following inoculation with compound bacteria, transcriptome characteristics of gene expression profiles of wheat, roots, and leaves at the flowering stage were investigated using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. Gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on the genes that were significantly differentially expressed. Results The expression of 231 genes in the roots of bacterial preparations (BIO) -inoculated wheat changed significantly (including 35 upregulated and 196 downregulated genes) compared with that of non-inoculated wheat. The expression of 16,321 genes in leaves changed significantly, including 9651 upregulated genes and 6670 downregulated genes. The differentially expressed genes were involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and secondary compounds as well as signal transduction pathways. The ethylene receptor 1 gene in wheat leaves was significantly downregulated, and genes related to ethylene-responsive transcription factor were significantly upregulated. GO enrichment analysis showed that metabolic and cellular processes were the main functions affected in the roots and leaves. The main molecular functions altered were binding and catalytic activities, among which the cellular oxidant detoxification enrichment rate was highly expressed in the roots. The expression of peroxisome size regulation was the highest in the leaves. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that linoleic acid metabolism expression was highest in the roots, and the expression of photosynthesis-antenna proteins was the highest in leaves. After inoculation with a complex biosynthesis agent, the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was upregulated in wheat leaf cells while 4CL, CCR, and CYP73A were downregulated. Additionally, CYP98A and REF1 genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were upregulated, while F5H, HCT, CCR, E2.1.1.104, and TOGT1-related genes were downregulated. Discussion Differentially expressed genes may play key roles in improving salt tolerance in wheat. Compound microbial inoculants promoted the growth of wheat under salt stress and improved disease resistance by regulating the expression of metabolism-related genes in wheat roots and leaves and activating immune pathway-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ji
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zengwen Liang
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Shandong Yongsheng Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Yongsheng (Shouguang) Vegetable Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Weifang, China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhang Chen
- College of Foreign Languages, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xuehua Kong
- Weifang Hanting Vestibule School, Weifang Education Bureau, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiwen Xin
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Mingchao He
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zichao Wei
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jiahao Xing
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yingxiang Zhang
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Fujin Sun
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Runxin Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation Cooperative of Weifang Economic Development Zone, Weifang Agricultural Bureau, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Weifang Nuode Biotechnology Co., LTD, Weifang Agricultural Bureau, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Li
- Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, Shandong, China
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Singh H, Singh Z, Zhu T, Xu X, Waghmode B, Garg T, Yadav S, Sircar D, De Smet I, Yadav SR. Auxin-Responsive (Phospho)proteome Analysis Reveals Key Biological Processes and Signaling Associated with Shoot-Borne Crown Root Development in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1968-1979. [PMID: 34679169 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rice root system is primarily composed of shoot-borne adventitious/crown roots (ARs/CRs) that develop from the coleoptile base, and therefore, it is an excellent model system for studying shoot-to-root trans-differentiation process. We reveal global changes in protein and metabolite abundance and protein phosphorylation in response to an auxin stimulus during CR development. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of developing crown root primordia (CRP) and emerged CRs identified 334 proteins and 12 amino acids, respectively, that were differentially regulated upon auxin treatment. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of global proteome data uncovered the biological processes associated with chromatin conformational change, gene expression and cell cycle that were regulated by auxin signaling. Spatial gene expression pattern analysis of differentially abundant proteins disclosed their stage-specific dynamic expression pattern during CRP development. Further, our tempo-spatial gene expression and functional analyses revealed that auxin creates a regulatory module during CRP development and activates ethylene biosynthesis exclusively during CRP initiation. Further, the phosphoproteome analysis identified 8,220 phosphosites, which could be mapped to 1,594 phosphoproteins and of which 66 phosphosites were differentially phosphorylated upon auxin treatment. Importantly, we observed differential phosphorylation of the cyclin-dependent kinase G-2 (OsCDKG;2) and cell wall proteins, in response to auxin signaling, suggesting that auxin-dependent phosphorylation may be required for cell cycle activation and cell wall synthesis during root organogenesis. Thus, our study provides evidence for the translational and post-translational regulation during CR development downstream of the auxin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Zeenu Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Bhairavnath Waghmode
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Tushar Garg
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Shivani Yadav
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Shri Ram Yadav
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
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Zhang Y, Yu J, Xu X, Wang R, Liu Y, Huang S, Wei H, Wei Z. Molecular Mechanisms of Diverse Auxin Responses during Plant Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012495. [PMID: 36293351 PMCID: PMC9604407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin acts as a signaling molecule to regulate numerous developmental processes throughout all stages of plant growth. Understanding how auxin regulates various physiological and developmental processes has been a hot topic and an intriguing field. Recent studies have unveiled more molecular details into how diverse auxin responses function in every aspect of plant growth and development. In this review, we systematically summarized and classified the molecular mechanisms of diverse auxin responses, and comprehensively elaborated the characteristics and multilevel regulation mechanisms of the canonical transcriptional auxin response. On this basis, we described the characteristics and differences between different auxin responses. We also presented some auxin response genes that have been genetically modified in plant species and how their changes impact various traits of interest. Finally, we summarized some important aspects and unsolved questions of auxin responses that need to be focused on or addressed in future research. This review will help to gain an overall understanding of and some insights into the diverse molecular mechanisms of auxin responses in plant growth and development that are instrumental in harnessing genetic resources in molecular breeding of extant plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiajie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiuyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hairong Wei
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Zhigang Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
- Correspondence: or
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Xu D, Yang C, Fan H, Qiu W, Huang B, Zhuo R, He Z, Li H, Han X. Genome-Wide Characterization, Evolutionary Analysis of ARF Gene Family, and the Role of SaARF4 in Cd Accumulation of Sedum alfredii Hance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1273. [PMID: 35567274 PMCID: PMC9103128 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Auxin response factors (ARFs) play important roles in plant development and environmental adaption. However, the function of ARFs in cadmium (Cd) accumulation are still unknown. Here, 23 SaARFs were detected in the genome of hyperaccumulating ecotype of Sedum alfredii Hance (HE), and they were not evenly distributed on the chromosomes. Their protein domains remained highly conservative. SaARFs in the phylogenetic tree can be divided into three groups. Genes in the group Ⅰ contained three introns at most. However, over ten introns were found in other two groups. Collinearity relationships were exhibited among ten SaARFs. The reasons for generating SaARFs may be segmental duplication and rearrangements. Collinearity analysis among different species revealed that more collinear genes of SaARFs can be found in the species with close relationships of HE. A total of eight elements in SaARFs promoters were related with abiotic stress. The qRT-PCR results indicated that four SaARFs can respond to Cd stress. Moreover, that there may be functional redundancy among six SaARFs. The adaptive selection and functional divergence analysis indicated that SaARF4 may undergo positive selection pressure and an adaptive-evolution process. Overexpressing SaARF4 effectively declined Cd accumulation. Eleven single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites relevant to Cd accumulation can be detected in SaARF4. Among them, only one SNP site can alter the sequence of the SaARF4 protein, but the SaARF4 mutant of this site did not cause a significant difference in cadmium content, compared with wild-type plants. SaARFs may be involved in Cd-stress responses, and SaARF4 may be applied for decreasing Cd accumulation of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU), Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China; (D.X.); (C.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (H.F.); (W.Q.); (B.H.); (R.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, The Research Institute of Subtropical of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Chunyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU), Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China; (D.X.); (C.Y.)
| | - Huijin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (H.F.); (W.Q.); (B.H.); (R.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, The Research Institute of Subtropical of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Wenmin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (H.F.); (W.Q.); (B.H.); (R.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, The Research Institute of Subtropical of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Biyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (H.F.); (W.Q.); (B.H.); (R.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, The Research Institute of Subtropical of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Renying Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (H.F.); (W.Q.); (B.H.); (R.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, The Research Institute of Subtropical of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Zhengquan He
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU), Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China; (D.X.); (C.Y.)
| | - Haiying Li
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiaojiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (H.F.); (W.Q.); (B.H.); (R.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, The Research Institute of Subtropical of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
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11
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Elbl PM, de Souza DT, Rosado D, de Oliveira LF, Navarro BV, Matioli SR, Floh EIS. Building an embryo: An auxin gene toolkit for zygotic and somatic embryogenesis in Brazilian pine. Gene 2022; 817:146168. [PMID: 34995731 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Many studies in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana characterized genes involved in embryo formation. However, much remains to be learned about the portfolio of genes that are involved in signal transduction and transcriptional regulation during plant embryo development in other species, particularly in an evolutionary context, especially considering that some genes involved in embryo patterning are not exclusive of land plants. This study, used a combination of domain architecture phylostratigraphy and phylogenetic reconstruction to investigate the evolutionary history of embryo patterning and auxin metabolism (EPAM) genes in Viridiplantae. This approach shed light on the co-optation of auxin metabolism and other molecular mechanisms that contributed to the radiation of land plants, and specifically to embryo formation. These results have potential to assist conservation programs, by directing the development of tools for obtaining somatic embryos. In this context, we employed this methodology with critically endangered and non-model species Araucaria angustifolia, the Brazilian pine, which is current focus of conservation efforts using somatic embryogenesis. So far, this approach had little success since somatic embryos fail to completely develop. By profiling the expression of genes that we identified as necessary for the emergence of land-plant embryos, we found striking differences between zygotic and somatic embryos that might explain the developmental arrest and be used to improve A. angustifolia somatic culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Elbl
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Diego T de Souza
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Computer Science, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Rosado
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, United States
| | - Leandro F de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno V Navarro
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio R Matioli
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eny I S Floh
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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12
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Cai B, Wang T, Sun H, Liu C, Chu J, Ren Z, Li Q. Gibberellins regulate lateral root development that is associated with auxin and cell wall metabolisms in cucumber. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 317:110995. [PMID: 35193752 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber is an economically important crop cultivated worldwide. Gibberellins (GAs) play important roles in the development of lateral roots (LRs), which are critical for plant stress tolerance and productivity. Therefore, it is of great importance for cucumber production to study the role of GAs in LR development. Here, the results showed that GAs regulated cucumber LR development in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with 1, 10, 50 and 100 μM GA3 significantly increased secondary root length, tertiary root number and length. Of these, 50 μM GA3 treatment had strong effects on increasing root dry weight and the root/shoot dry weight ratio. Pairwise comparisons identified 417 down-regulated genes enriched for GA metabolism-related processes and 447 up-regulated genes enriched for cell wall metabolism-related processes in GA3-treated roots. A total of 3523 non-redundant DEGs were identified in our RNA-Seq data through pairwise comparisons and linear factorial modeling. Of these, most of the genes involved in auxin and cell wall metabolisms were up-regulated in GA3-treated roots. Our findings not only shed light on LR regulation mediated by GA but also offer an important resource for functional studies of candidate genes putatively involved in the regulation of LR development in cucumber and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Hong Sun
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Cuimei Liu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Zhonghai Ren
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
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13
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Comparative population genomics in Tabebuia alliance shows evidence of adaptation in Neotropical tree species. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 128:141-153. [PMID: 35132209 PMCID: PMC8897506 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of natural selection in shaping spatial patterns of genetic diversity in the Neotropics is still poorly understood. Here, we perform a genome scan with 24,751 probes targeting 11,026 loci in two Neotropical Bignoniaceae tree species: Handroanthus serratifolius from the seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) and Tabebuia aurea from savannas, and compared with the population genomics of H. impetiginosus from SDTF. OutFLANK detected 29 loci in 20 genes with selection signal in H. serratifolius and no loci in T. aurea. Using BayPass, we found evidence of selection in 335 loci in 312 genes in H. serratifolius, 101 loci in 92 genes in T. aurea, and 448 loci in 416 genes in H. impetiginosus. All approaches evidenced several genes affecting plant response to environmental stress and primary metabolic processes. The three species shared no SNPs with selection signal, but we found SNPs affecting the same gene in pair of species. Handroanthus serratifolius showed differences in allele frequencies at SNPs with selection signal among ecosystems, mainly between Caatinga/Cerrado and Atlantic Forest, while H. impetiginosus had one allele fixed across all populations, and T. aurea had similar allele frequency distribution among ecosystems and polymorphism across populations. Taken together, our results indicate that natural selection related to environmental stress shaped the spatial pattern of genetic diversity in the three species. However, the three species have different geographical distribution and niches, which may affect tolerances and adaption, and natural selection may lead to different signatures due to the differences in adaptive landscapes in different niches.
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14
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Du J, Zeng L, Yu Z, Chen S, Chen X, Zhang Y, Yang H. A magnetically enabled simulation of microgravity represses the auxin response during early seed germination on a microfluidic platform. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:11. [PMID: 35087683 PMCID: PMC8760315 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For plants on Earth, the phytohormone auxin is essential for gravitropism-regulated seedling establishment and plant growth. However, little is known about auxin responses under microgravity conditions due to the lack of a tool that can provide an alteration of gravity. In this paper, a microfluidic negative magnetophoretic platform is developed to levitate Arabidopsis seeds in an equilibrium plane where the applied magnetic force compensates for gravitational acceleration. With the benefit of the microfluidic platform to simulate a microgravity environment on-chip, it is found that the auxin response is significantly repressed in levitated seeds. Simulated microgravity statistically interrupts auxin responses in embryos, even after chemical-mediated auxin alterations, illustrating that auxin is a critical factor that mediates the plant response to gravity alteration. Furthermore, pretreatment with an auxin transportation inhibitor (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) enables a decrease in the auxin response, which is no longer affected by simulated microgravity, demonstrating that polar auxin transportation plays a vital role in gravity-regulated auxin responses. The presented microfluidic platform provides simulated microgravity conditions in an easy-to-implement manner, helping to study and elucidate how plants correspond to diverse gravity conditions; in the future, this may be developed into a versatile tool for biological study on a variety of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microsystems and Nano Devices, Center for Bionic Sensing and Intelligence, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microsystems and Nano Devices, Center for Bionic Sensing and Intelligence, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Zitong Yu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microsystems and Nano Devices, Center for Bionic Sensing and Intelligence, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Sihui Chen
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microsystems and Nano Devices, Center for Bionic Sensing and Intelligence, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Xi Chen
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microsystems and Nano Devices, Center for Bionic Sensing and Intelligence, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Medical AI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Hui Yang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microsystems and Nano Devices, Center for Bionic Sensing and Intelligence, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
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15
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Trifunović-Momčilov M, Motyka V, Dobrev PI, Marković M, Milošević S, Jevremović S, Dragićević IČ, Subotić A. Phytohormone profiles in non-transformed and AtCKX transgenic centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafn) shoots and roots in response to salinity stress in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21471. [PMID: 34728697 PMCID: PMC8563955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant hormones regulate numerous developmental and physiological processes. Abiotic stresses considerably affect production and distribution of phytohormones as the stress signal triggers. The homeostasis of plant hormones is controlled by their de novo synthesis and catabolism. The aim of this work was to analyse the contents of total and individual groups of endogenous cytokinins (CKs) as well as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in AtCKX overexpressing centaury plants grown in vitro on graded NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM). The levels of endogenous stress hormones including abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were also detected. The elevated contents of total CKs were found in all analysed centaury shoots. Furthermore, increased amounts of all five CK groups, as well as enhanced total CKs were revealed on graded NaCl concentrations in non-transformed and AtCKX roots. All analysed AtCKX centaury lines exhibited decreased amounts of endogenous IAA in shoots and roots. Consequently, the IAA/bioactive CK forms ratios showed a significant variation in the shoots and roots of all AtCKX lines. In shoots and roots of both non-transformed and AtCKX transgenic centaury plants, salinity was associated with an increase of ABA and JA and a decrease of SA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milana Trifunović-Momčilov
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia.
| | - Václav Motyka
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marija Marković
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Snežana Milošević
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Slađana Jevremović
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Ivana Č Dragićević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Angelina Subotić
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
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16
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17
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Quamruzzaman M, Manik SMN, Shabala S, Zhou M. Improving Performance of Salt-Grown Crops by Exogenous Application of Plant Growth Regulators. Biomolecules 2021; 11:788. [PMID: 34073871 PMCID: PMC8225067 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses restricting plant growth and development. Application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is a possible practical means for minimizing salinity-induced yield losses, and can be used in addition to or as an alternative to crop breeding for enhancing salinity tolerance. The PGRs auxin, cytokinin, nitric oxide, brassinosteroid, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, jasmonate, and ethylene have been advocated for practical use to improve crop performance and yield under saline conditions. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the effectiveness of various PGRs in ameliorating the detrimental effects of salinity on plant growth and development, and elucidates the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying this process by linking PGRs with their downstream targets and signal transduction pathways. It is shown that, while each of these PGRs possesses an ability to alter plant ionic and redox homeostasis, the complexity of interactions between various PGRs and their involvement in numerous signaling pathways makes it difficult to establish an unequivocal causal link between PGRs and their downstream effectors mediating plants' adaptation to salinity. The beneficial effects of PGRs are also strongly dependent on genotype, the timing of application, and the concentration used. The action spectrum of PGRs is also strongly dependent on salinity levels. Taken together, this results in a rather narrow "window" in which the beneficial effects of PGR are observed, hence limiting their practical application (especially under field conditions). It is concluded that, in the light of the above complexity, and also in the context of the cost-benefit analysis, crop breeding for salinity tolerance remains a more reliable avenue for minimizing the impact of salinity on plant growth and yield. Further progress in the field requires more studies on the underlying cell-based mechanisms of interaction between PGRs and membrane transporters mediating plant ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Quamruzzaman
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect 7250, Australia; (M.Q.); (S.M.N.M.); (S.S.)
| | - S. M. Nuruzzaman Manik
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect 7250, Australia; (M.Q.); (S.M.N.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect 7250, Australia; (M.Q.); (S.M.N.M.); (S.S.)
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect 7250, Australia; (M.Q.); (S.M.N.M.); (S.S.)
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
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18
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Zhu W, Zhang M, Li J, Zhao H, Ge W, Zhang K. Identification and Analysis of Aux/IAA Family in Acer rubrum. Evol Bioinform Online 2021; 17:1176934321994127. [PMID: 33953533 PMCID: PMC8044571 DOI: 10.1177/1176934321994127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin are important in all aspects of plant growth and development. The Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Aux/IAA) gene responds to auxin induction as auxin early response gene family. Despite the physiological importance of the Aux/IAA gene, a systematic analysis of the Aux/IAA gene in Acer rubrum has not been reported. This paper describes the characterization of Acer rubrum Aux/IAA genes at the transcriptomic level and Acer yangbiense Aux/IAA genes at the genomic level, with 17 Acer rubrum AUX/IAA genes (ArAux/IAA) and 23 Acer yangbiense Aux/IAA (AyAux/IAA) genes identified. Phylogenetic analysis shows that AyAux/IAA and ArAux/IAA family genes can be subdivided into 4 groups and show strong evolutionary conservatism. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to test the expression profile of ArAux/IAA genes in different tissues under indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) treatment. Most ArAux/IAA genes are responsive to exogenous auxin and have tissue-specific expression. Overall, these results will provide molecular-level insights into auxin metabolism, transport, and signaling in Acer species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manyu Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hewen Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Ge
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Yang Y, Xu T, Wang H, Feng D. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the TaYUCCA gene family in wheat. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1269-1279. [PMID: 33547532 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Auxin is an important endogenous hormone in plants. The YUCCA gene encodes a flavin monooxygenase, which is an important rate-limiting enzyme in the auxin synthesis pathway and involved in the regulation of plant growth and development. In the study, we identified 63 wheat TaYUCCA genes; among them, some genes appeared in clusters. By constructing phylogenetic trees, we found that the TaYUCCA genes could be divided into six groups. In the WheatExp database, there were 22 differential expressed TaYUCCA genes, among which the TaYUCCA10 gene was abundantly expressed in the endosperm and medium milk stage, the TaYUCCA2 gene was abundantly expressed in the roots of three leaves and meiosis and transfer cells at 20 days post anthesis and the others 16 TaYUCCA genes had different expression level at different developmental stages in wheat, and there were 15 TaYUCCA genes induced by drought and heat stress, among which the TaYUCCA2-D, TaYUCCA3-B, and TaYUCCA9-D might be upregulated induced by drought stress, TaYUCCA10.1 might be upregulated induced drought and heat stress, TaYUCCA6-A was upregulated induced both drought and heat stress and the others 9 TaYUCCA genes were downregulated induced by drought and heat stress. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analysis showed that TaYUCCA7-A was upregulated significantly after induced by powdery mildew. The comprehensive annotation and expression profiling of the TaYUCCA genes in this study enhanced our understanding of TaYUCCA family gene expression in wheat growth and development and laid the foundation for the further study of TaYUCCA gene mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Tian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Honggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Deshun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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He L, Meng N, Castellarin SD, Wang Y, Sun Q, Li XY, Dong ZG, Tang XP, Duan CQ, Pan QH. Combined Metabolite and Transcriptome Profiling Reveals the Norisoprenoid Responses in Grape Berries to Abscisic Acid and Synthetic Auxin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031420. [PMID: 33572582 PMCID: PMC7867017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The abscisic acid (ABA) increase and auxin decline are both indicators of ripening initiation in grape berry, and norisoprenoid accumulation also starts at around the onset of ripening. However, the relationship between ABA, auxin, and norisoprenoids remains largely unknown, especially at the transcriptome level. To investigate the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the ABA and synthetic auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on norisoprenoid production, we performed time-series GC-MS and RNA-seq analyses on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries from pre-veraison to ripening. Higher levels of free norisoprenoids were found in ABA-treated mature berries in two consecutive seasons, and both free and total norisoprenoids were significantly increased by NAA in one season. The expression pattern of known norisoprenoid-associated genes in all samples and the up-regulation of specific alternative splicing isoforms of VviDXS and VviCRTISO in NAA-treated berries were predicted to contribute to the norisoprenoid accumulation in ABA and NAA-treated berries. Combined weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) analysis suggested that VviGATA26, and the previously identified switch genes of myb RADIALIS (VIT_207s0005g02730) and MAD-box (VIT_213s0158g00100) could be potential regulators of norisoprenoid accumulation. The positive effects of ABA on free norisoprenoids and NAA on total norisoprenoid accumulation were revealed in the commercially ripening berries. Since the endogenous ABA and auxin are sensitive to environmental factors, this finding provides new insights to develop viticultural practices for managing norisoprenoids in vineyards in response to changing climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Meng
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Simone D. Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Li
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Dong
- Institute of Pomology, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030801, China; (Z.-G.D.); (X.-P.T.)
| | - Xiao-Ping Tang
- Institute of Pomology, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030801, China; (Z.-G.D.); (X.-P.T.)
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (L.H.); (N.M.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62736191
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Smith S, Zhu S, Joos L, Roberts I, Nikonorova N, Vu LD, Stes E, Cho H, Larrieu A, Xuan W, Goodall B, van de Cotte B, Waite JM, Rigal A, Ramans Harborough S, Persiau G, Vanneste S, Kirschner GK, Vandermarliere E, Martens L, Stahl Y, Audenaert D, Friml J, Felix G, Simon R, Bennett MJ, Bishopp A, De Jaeger G, Ljung K, Kepinski S, Robert S, Nemhauser J, Hwang I, Gevaert K, Beeckman T, De Smet I. The CEP5 Peptide Promotes Abiotic Stress Tolerance, As Revealed by Quantitative Proteomics, and Attenuates the AUX/IAA Equilibrium in Arabidopsis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1248-1262. [PMID: 32404488 PMCID: PMC8011570 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides derived from non-functional precursors play important roles in various developmental processes, but also in (a)biotic stress signaling. Our (phospho)proteome-wide analyses of C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE 5 (CEP5)-mediated changes revealed an impact on abiotic stress-related processes. Drought has a dramatic impact on plant growth, development and reproduction, and the plant hormone auxin plays a role in drought responses. Our genetic, physiological, biochemical, and pharmacological results demonstrated that CEP5-mediated signaling is relevant for osmotic and drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis, and that CEP5 specifically counteracts auxin effects. Specifically, we found that CEP5 signaling stabilizes AUX/IAA transcriptional repressors, suggesting the existence of a novel peptide-dependent control mechanism that tunes auxin signaling. These observations align with the recently described role of AUX/IAAs in stress tolerance and provide a novel role for CEP5 in osmotic and drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Smith
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Shanshuo Zhu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisa Joos
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ianto Roberts
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Natalia Nikonorova
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lam Dai Vu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Stes
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hyunwoo Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Antoine Larrieu
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Goodall
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Brigitte van de Cotte
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jessic Marie Waite
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adeline Rigal
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sigurd Ramans Harborough
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Geert Persiau
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gwendolyn K Kirschner
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elien Vandermarliere
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Martens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yvonne Stahl
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominique Audenaert
- Screening Core, Gent, Belgium; Expertise Centre for Bioassay Development and Screening (C-BIOS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jirí Friml
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University (MU), Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Georg Felix
- Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Plant Biochemistry, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Simon
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom; Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Bishopp
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan Kepinski
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Robert
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Nemhauser
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ildoo Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium; Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
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22
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Liao S, Wang L, Li J, Ruan YL. Cell Wall Invertase Is Essential for Ovule Development through Sugar Signaling Rather Than Provision of Carbon Nutrients. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1126-1144. [PMID: 32332089 PMCID: PMC7333721 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ovule formation is essential for realizing crop yield because it determines seed number. The underlying molecular mechanism, however, remains elusive. Here, we show that cell wall invertase (CWIN) functions as a positive regulator of ovule initiation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In situ hybridization revealed that CWIN2 and CWIN4 were expressed at the placenta region where ovule primordia initiated. Specific silencing of CWIN2 and CWIN4 using targeted artificial microRNA driven by an ovule-specific SEEDSTICK promoter (pSTK) resulted in a substantial reduction of CWIN transcript and activity, which blocked ovule initiation and aggravated ovule abortion. There was no induction of carbon (C) starvation genes in the transgenic lines, and supplementing newly forming floral buds with extra C failed to recover the ovule phenotype. This indicates that suppression of CWIN did not lead to C starvation. A group of hexose transporters was downregulated in the transgenic plants. Among them, two representative ones were spatially coexpressed with CWIN2 and CWIN4, suggesting a coupling between CWIN and hexose transporters for ovule initiation. RNA-sequencing analysis identified differentially expressed genes encoding putative extracellular receptor-like kinases, MADS-box transcription factors, including STK, and early auxin response genes in response to CWIN-silencing. Our data demonstrate the essential role of CWIN in ovule initiation, which is most likely to occur through sugar signaling instead of C nutrient contribution. We propose that CWIN-mediated sugar signaling may be perceived by, and transmitted through, hexose transporters or receptor-like kinases to regulate ovule formation by modulating downstream auxin signaling and MADS-box transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjin Liao
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Jun Li
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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23
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Wang J, Su Y, Kong X, Ding Z, Zhang XS. Initiation and maintenance of plant stem cells in root and shoot apical meristems. ABIOTECH 2020; 1:194-204. [PMID: 36303567 PMCID: PMC9590467 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-020-00020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant stem cells are a small group of cells with a self-renewal capacity and serve as a steady supply of precursor cells to form new differentiated tissues and organs in plants. Root stem cells and shoot stem cells, which are located in the root apical meristem and in the shoot apical meristem, respectively, play a critical role in plant longitudinal growth. These stem cells in shoot and root apical meristems remain as pluripotent state throughout the lifespan of the plant and control the growth and development of plants. The molecular mechanisms of initiation and maintenance of plant stem cells have been extensively investigated. In this review, we mainly discuss how the plant phytohormones, such as auxin and cytokinin, coordinate with the key transcription factors to regulate plant stem cell initiation and maintenance in root and shoot apical meristems. In addition, we highlight the common regulatory mechanisms of both root and shoot apical meristems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong China
| | - Yinghua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Xiangpei Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong China
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong China
| | - Xian Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
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24
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Nguyen CT, Tran GB, Nguyen NH. Homeostasis of histone acetylation is critical for auxin signaling and root morphogenesis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1-7. [PMID: 32088831 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The auxin signaling and root morphogenesis are harmoniously controlled by two counteracted teams including (1) auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (AUX/IAA)-histone deacetylase (HDA) and (2) auxin response factor (ARF)-histone acetyltransferase (HAT). The involvement of histone acetylation in the regulation of transcription was firstly reported a few decades ago. In planta, auxin is the first hormone group that was discovered and it is also the most studied phytohormone. Current studies have elucidated the functions of histone acetylation in the modulation of auxin signaling as well as in the regulation of root morphogenesis under both normal and stress conditions. Based on the recent outcomes, this review is to provide a hierarchical view about the functions of histone acetylation in auxin signaling and root morphogenesis. In this report, we suggest that the auxin signaling must be controlled harmoniously by two counteracted teams including (1) auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (AUX/IAA)-histone deacetylase (HDA) and (2) auxin response factor (ARF)-histone acetyltransferase (HAT). Moreover, the balance in auxin signaling is very critical to contribute to normal root morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Thach Nguyen
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Gia-Buu Tran
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology and Food-Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao Street, Ward 4, Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hoai Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, 97 Vo Van Tan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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25
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Abstract
This review focuses on the evolution of plant hormone signaling pathways. Like the chemical nature of the hormones themselves, the signaling pathways are diverse. Therefore, we focus on a group of hormones whose primary perception mechanism involves an Skp1/Cullin/F-box-type ubiquitin ligase: auxin, jasmonic acid, gibberellic acid, and strigolactone. We begin with a comparison of the core signaling pathways of these four hormones, which have been established through studies conducted in model organisms in the Angiosperms. With the advent of next-generation sequencing and advanced tools for genetic manipulation, the door to understanding the origins of hormone signaling mechanisms in plants beyond these few model systems has opened. For example, in-depth phylogenetic analyses of hormone signaling components are now being complemented by genetic studies in early diverging land plants. Here we discuss recent investigations of how basal land plants make and sense hormones. Finally, we propose connections between the emergence of hormone signaling complexity and major developmental transitions in plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Blázquez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA;
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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26
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Cheng H, Jin F, Zaman QU, Ding B, Hao M, Wang Y, Huang Y, Wells R, Dong Y, Hu Q. Identification of Bna.IAA7.C05 as allelic gene for dwarf mutant generated from tissue culture in oilseed rape. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:500. [PMID: 31729952 PMCID: PMC6857212 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant height is one of the most important agronomic traits in many crops due to its influence on lodging resistance and yield performance. Although progress has been made in the use of dwarfing genes in crop improvement, identification of new dwarf germplasm is still of significant interest for breeding varieties with increased yield. RESULTS Here we describe a dominant, dwarf mutant G7 of Brassica napus with down-curved leaves derived from tissue culture. To explore the genetic variation responsible for the dwarf phenotype, the mutant was crossed to a conventional line to develop a segregating F2 population. Bulks were formed from plants with either dwarf or conventional plant height and subjected to high throughput sequencing analysis via mutation mapping (MutMap). The dwarf mutation was mapped to a 0.6 Mb interval of B. napus chromosome C05. Candidate gene analysis revealed that one SNP causing an amino acid change in the domain II of Bna.IAA7.C05 may contribute to the dwarf phenotype. This is consistent with the phenotype of a gain-of-function indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) mutant in Bna.IAA7.C05 reported recently. GO and KEGG analysis of RNA-seq data revealed the down-regulation of auxin related genes, including many other IAA and small up regulated response (SAUR) genes, in the dwarf mutant. CONCLUSION Our studies characterize a new allele of Bna.IAA7.C05 responsible for the dwarf mutant generated from tissue culture. This may provide a valuable genetic resource for breeding for lodging resistance and compact plant stature in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Cheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Fenwei Jin
- Crop Research Institute, Gansu academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Qamar U. Zaman
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Bingli Ding
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Mengyu Hao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Yi Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Gansu academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Yi Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Rachel Wells
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Yun Dong
- Crop Research Institute, Gansu academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Qiong Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062 China
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27
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Integrated Analysis of Small RNA, Transcriptome and Degradome Sequencing Provides New Insights into Floral Development and Abscission in Yellow Lupine ( Lupinus luteus L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205122. [PMID: 31623090 PMCID: PMC6854478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The floral development in an important legume crop yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L., Taper cv.) is often affected by the abscission of flowers leading to significant economic losses. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), which have a proven effect on almost all developmental processes in other plants, might be of key players in a complex net of molecular interactions regulating flower development and abscission. This study represents the first comprehensive sncRNA identification and analysis of small RNA, transcriptome and degradome sequencing data in lupine flowers to elucidate their role in the regulation of lupine generative development. As shedding in lupine primarily concerns flowers formed at the upper part of the inflorescence, we analyzed samples from extreme parts of raceme separately and conducted an additional analysis of pedicels from abscising and non-abscising flowers where abscission zone forms. A total of 394 known and 28 novel miRNAs and 316 phased siRNAs were identified. In flowers at different stages of development 59 miRNAs displayed differential expression (DE) and 46 DE miRNAs were found while comparing the upper and lower flowers. Identified tasiR-ARFs were DE in developing flowers and were strongly expressed in flower pedicels. The DEmiR-targeted genes were preferentially enriched in the functional categories related to carbohydrate metabolism and plant hormone transduction pathways. This study not only contributes to the current understanding of how lupine flowers develop or undergo abscission but also holds potential for research aimed at crop improvement.
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28
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Liu K, Cao J, Yu K, Liu X, Gao Y, Chen Q, Zhang W, Peng H, Du J, Xin M, Hu Z, Guo W, Rossi V, Ni Z, Sun Q, Yao Y. Wheat TaSPL8 Modulates Leaf Angle Through Auxin and Brassinosteroid Signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:179-194. [PMID: 31209125 PMCID: PMC6716241 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In grass crops, leaf angle is determined by development of the lamina joint, the tissue connecting the leaf blade and sheath, and is closely related to crop architecture and yield. In this study, we identified a mutant generated by fast neutron radiation that exhibited an erect leaf phenotype caused by defects in lamina joint development. Map-based cloning revealed that the gene TaSPL8, encoding a SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING-LIKE (SPL) protein, is deleted in this mutant. TaSPL8 knock-out mutants exhibit erect leaves due to loss of the lamina joint, compact architecture, and increased spike number especially in high planting density, suggesting similarity with its LIGULESS1 homologs in maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa). Hence, LG1 could be a robust target for plant architecture improvement in grass species. Common wheat (Triticum aestivum, 2n = 6× = 42; BBAADD) is an allohexaploid containing A, B, and D subgenomes and the homeologous gene of TaSPL8 from the D subgenome contributes to the length of the lamina joint to a greater extent than that from the A and B subgenomes. Comparison of the transcriptome between the Taspl8 mutant and the wild type revealed that TaSPL8 is involved in the activation of genes related to auxin and brassinosteroid pathways and cell elongation. TaSPL8 binds to the promoters of the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR gene and of the brassinosteroid biogenesis gene CYP90D2 and activates their expression. These results indicate that TaSPL8 might regulate lamina joint development through auxin signaling and the brassinosteroid biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiye Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kuohai Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinye Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yujiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinkun Du
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Vincenzo Rossi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, I-24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Multiple Auxin-Response Regulators Enable Stability and Variability in Leaf Development. Curr Biol 2019; 29:1746-1759.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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30
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Somyong S, Walayaporn K, Jomchai N, Naktang C, Yodyingyong T, Phumichai C, Pootakham W, Tangphatsornruang S. Transcriptome analysis of oil palm inflorescences revealed candidate genes for an auxin signaling pathway involved in parthenocarpy. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5975. [PMID: 30588395 PMCID: PMC6301279 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil palm parthenocarpic fruits, which are produced without fertilization, can be targeted to increase oil content because the majority of the fruit is occupied by mesocarp, the part in which palm oil is stored. Consequently, gaining an understanding of the parthenocarpic mechanism would be instrumental for producing parthenocarpic oil palm. This study aims to determine effects of auxin treatment and analyze differentially expressed genes in oil palm pistils at the pollination/anthesis stage, using an RNA sequencing (RNA seq) approach. The auxin treatment caused 100% parthenocarpy when auxin was sprayed before stigmas opened. The parthenocarpy decreased to 55%, 8% and 5% when the auxin was sprayed 1, 2 and 3 days after the opening of stigmas, respectively. Oil palm plants used for RNA seq were plants untreated with auxin as controls and auxin-treated plants on the day before pollination and 1 day after pollination. The number of raw reads ranged from 8,425,859 to 11,811,166 reads, with an average size ranging from 99 to 137 base pairs (bp). When compared with the oil palm transcriptome, the mapped reads ranged from 8,179,948 to 11,320,799 reads, representing 95.85–98.01% of the oil palm matching. Based on five comparisons between RNA seq of treatments and controls, and confirmation using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and quantitative real-time RT-PCR expression, five candidate genes, including probable indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amido synthetase GH3.8 (EgGH3.8), IAA-amido synthetase GH3.1 (EgGH3.1), IAA induced ARG7 like (EgARG7), tryptophan amino transferase-related protein 3-like (EgTAA3) and flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 (EgFMO1), were differentially expressed between auxin-treated and untreated samples. This evidence suggests a pathway of parthenocarpic fruit development at the beginning of fruit development. However, more research is needed to identify which genes are definitely involved in parthenocarpy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthasinee Somyong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kitti Walayaporn
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering and Bioinformatics, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nukoon Jomchai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Naktang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Tanapong Yodyingyong
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chalermpol Phumichai
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wirulda Pootakham
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Yu L, Li Q, Zhu Y, Afzal MS, Li L. An auxin-induced β-type endo-1,4-β-glucanase in poplar is involved in cell expansion and lateral root formation. PLANTA 2018; 247:1149-1161. [PMID: 29387930 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PtrGH9A7, a poplar β-type endo-1,4-β-glucanase gene induced by auxin, promotes both plant growth and lateral root development by enhancing cell expansion. Endo-1,4-β-glucanase (EGase) family genes function in multiple aspects of plant growth and development. Our previous study found that PtrCel9A6, a poplar EGase gene of the β subfamily, is specifically expressed in xylem tissue and is involved in the cellulose biosynthesis required for secondary cell wall formation (Yu et al. in Mol Plant 6:1904-1917, 2013). To further explore the functions and regulatory mechanism of β-subfamily EGases, we cloned and characterized another poplar β-type EGase gene PtrGH9A7, a close homolog of PtrCel9A6. In contrast to PtrCel9A6, PtrGH9A7 is predominantly expressed in parenchyma tissues of the above-ground part; in roots, PtrGH9A7 expression is specifically restricted to lateral root primordia at all stages from initiation to emergence and is strongly induced by auxin application. Heterologous overexpression of PtrGH9A7 promotes plant growth by enhancing cell expansion, suggesting a conserved role for β-type EGases in 1,4-β-glucan chains remodeling, which is required for cell wall loosening. Moreover, the overexpression of PtrGH9A7 significantly increases lateral root number, which might result from improved lateral root primordium development due to enhanced cell expansion. Taken together, these results demonstrate that this β-type EGase induced by auxin signaling has a novel role in promoting lateral root formation as well as in enhancing plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Qiong Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Muhammad Saddique Afzal
- Shanghai Key Lab of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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32
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Baranwal VK, Negi N, Khurana P. Auxin Response Factor Genes Repertoire in Mulberry: Identification, and Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Analyses. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8090202. [PMID: 28841197 PMCID: PMC5615343 DOI: 10.3390/genes8090202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) are at the core of the regulation mechanism for auxin-mediated responses, along with AUX/IAA proteins.They are critical in the auxin-mediated control of various biological responses including development and stress. A wild mulberry species genome has been sequenced and offers an opportunity to investigate this important gene family. A total of 17 ARFs have been identified from mulberry (Morus notabilis) which show a wide range of expression patterns. Of these 17 ARFs, 15 have strong acidic isoelectric point (pI) values and a molecular mass ranging from 52 kDa to 101 kDa. The putative promoters of these ARFs harbour cis motifs related to light-dependent responses, various stress responses and hormone regulations suggestive of their multifactorial regulation. The gene ontology terms for ARFs indicate their role in flower development, stress, root morphology and other such development and stress mitigation related activities. Conserved motif analysis showed the presence of all typical domains in all but four members that lack the PB1 domain and thus represent truncated ARFs. Expression analysis of these ARFs suggests their preferential expression in tissues ranging from leaf, root, winter bud, bark and male flowers. These ARFs showed differential expression in the leaf tissue of M. notabilis, Morus laevigata and Morus serrata. Insights gained from this analysis have implications in mulberry improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Baranwal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India.
| | - Nisha Negi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India.
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India.
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Sun RZ, Cheng G, Li Q, He YN, Wang Y, Lan YB, Li SY, Zhu YR, Song WF, Zhang X, Cui XD, Chen W, Wang J. Light-induced Variation in Phenolic Compounds in Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.) Involves Extensive Transcriptome Reprogramming of Biosynthetic Enzymes, Transcription Factors, and Phytohormonal Regulators. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:547. [PMID: 28469625 PMCID: PMC5395571 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Light environments have long been known to influence grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry development and biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, and ultimately affect wine quality. Here, the accumulation and compositional changes of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) and flavonoids, as well as global gene expression were analyzed in Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries under sunlight exposure treatments at different phenological stages. Sunlight exposure did not consistently affect the accumulation of berry skin flavan-3-ol or anthocyanin among different seasons due to climatic variations, but increased HCA content significantly at véraison and harvest, and enhanced flavonol accumulation dramatically with its timing and severity degree trend. As in sunlight exposed berries, a highly significant correlation was observed between the expression of genes coding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate: CoA ligase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase and flavonol synthase family members and corresponding metabolite accumulation in the phenolic biosynthesis pathway, which may positively or negatively be regulated by MYB, bHLH, WRKY, AP2/EREBP, C2C2, NAC, and C2H2 transcription factors (TFs). Furthermore, some candidate genes required for auxin, ethylene and abscisic acid signal transductions were also identified which are probably involved in berry development and flavonoid biosynthesis in response to enhanced sunlight irradiation. Taken together, this study provides a valuable overview of the light-induced phenolic metabolism and transcriptome changes, especially the dynamic responses of TFs and signaling components of phytohormones, and contributes to the further understanding of sunlight-responsive phenolic biosynthesis regulation in grape berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Ze Sun
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing, China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Grape and Wine Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yan-Nan He
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Yi-Bin Lan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Si-Yu Li
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Yan-Rong Zhu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Wen-Feng Song
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xiao-Di Cui
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Wu Chen
- CITIC Guoan Wine Co. Ltd.Xinjiang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Wang,
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Roberts I, Smith S, Stes E, De Rybel B, Staes A, van de Cotte B, Njo MF, Dedeyne L, Demol H, Lavenus J, Audenaert D, Gevaert K, Beeckman T, De Smet I. CEP5 and XIP1/CEPR1 regulate lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4889-99. [PMID: 27296247 PMCID: PMC4983111 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Roots explore the soil for water and nutrients through the continuous production of lateral roots. Lateral roots are formed at regular distances in a steadily elongating organ, but how future sites for lateral root formation become established is not yet understood. Here, we identified C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE 5 (CEP5) as a novel, auxin-repressed and phloem pole-expressed signal assisting in the formation of lateral roots. In addition, based on genetic and expression data, we found evidence for the involvement of its proposed receptor, XYLEM INTERMIXED WITH PHLOEM 1 (XIP1)/CEP RECEPTOR 1 (CEPR1), during the process of lateral root initiation. In conclusion, we report here on the existence of a peptide ligand-receptor kinase interaction that impacts lateral root initiation. Our results represent an important step towards the understanding of the cellular communication implicated in the early phases of lateral root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianto Roberts
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Smith
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Elisabeth Stes
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert De Rybel
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Staes
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brigitte van de Cotte
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria Fransiska Njo
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lise Dedeyne
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Demol
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julien Lavenus
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Audenaert
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
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35
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Żabka A, Polit JT, Winnicki K, Paciorek P, Juszczak J, Nowak M, Maszewski J. PIN2-like proteins may contribute to the regulation of morphogenetic processes during spermatogenesis in Chara vulgaris. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1655-69. [PMID: 27068826 PMCID: PMC4943976 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE PIN2-like auxin transporters are expressed, preferentially in a polarized manner, in antheridial cells of freshwater green alga Chara vulgaris , considered to be the closest relative of the present-day land plants. Chara vulgaris represents a group of advanced multicellular green algae that are considered as the closest relatives of the present-day land plants. A highly specialized structure of its male sex organs (antheridia) includes filaments consisting of generative cells, which after a series of synchronous divisions transform into mature sperm, and non-generative cells comprising outer shield cells, cylindrical manubria, and central complex of capitular cells from which antheridial filaments arise. Immunofluorescence observations indicate that PIN2-like proteins (PIN2-LPs), recognized by antibodies against PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) auxin transporter in Arabidopsis thaliana, are expressed in both types of antheridial cells and, in most of them, preferentially accumulate in a polarized manner. The appearance of PIN2-LPs in germ-line cells is strictly confined to the proliferative period of spermatogenesis and their quantities increase steadily till antheridial filaments reach the 16-celled stage. An enhanced level of PIN2-LPs observed in the central cell walls separating two asynchronously developing parts of antheridial filaments (characterized by the plugged plasmodesmata) is correlated with an enhanced deposition of callose. Intense PIN2-LPs immunofluorescence maintained in the capitular cells and its altering polarity in manubria suggest a pivotal role of these cells in the regulation of auxin transport directionality during the whole time of antheridial ontogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining of IAA revealed a clear-cut correspondence between localization sites of auxins and PIN2-LPs. It seems probable then that a supplementary developmental mechanism has evolved in Chara, by which all antheridial elements may be integrated at the supra-cellular level via plasma membrane-targeted PIN2-LPs and auxin-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Żabka
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Teresa Polit
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Konrad Winnicki
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Patrycja Paciorek
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Juszczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Nowak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Maszewski
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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36
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González-Garcinuño Á, Sánchez-Álvarez JM, Galán MA, Martin del Valle EM. Understanding and optimizing the addition of phytohormones in the culture of microalgae for lipid production. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1203-1211. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - José M. Sánchez-Álvarez
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; University of Salamanca. P/Los Caídos S/N; Salamanca 37008 Spain
| | - Miguel A. Galán
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; University of Salamanca. P/Los Caídos S/N; Salamanca 37008 Spain
| | - Eva M. Martin del Valle
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; University of Salamanca. P/Los Caídos S/N; Salamanca 37008 Spain
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37
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Singh RP, Jha PN. The Multifarious PGPR Serratia marcescens CDP-13 Augments Induced Systemic Resistance and Enhanced Salinity Tolerance of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155026. [PMID: 27322827 PMCID: PMC4913913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the plant growth promoting (PGP) potential of a bacterial isolate CDP-13 isolated from ‘Capparis decidua’ plant, and its ability to protect plants from the deleterious effect of biotic and abiotic stressors. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was identified as Serratia marcescens. Among the PGP traits, the isolate was found to be positive for ACC deaminase activity, phosphate solubilization, production of siderophore, indole acetic acid production, nitrogen fixation, and ammonia production. CDP-13 showed growth at an increased salt (NaCl) concentration of up to 6%, indicating its potential to survive and associate with plants growing in saline soil. The inoculation of S. marcescens enhanced the growth of wheat plant under salinity stress (150–200 mM). It significantly reduced inhibition of plant growth (15 to 85%) caused by salt stressors. Application of CDP-13 also modulated concentration (20 to 75%) of different osmoprotectants (proline, malondialdehyde, total soluble sugar, total protein content, and indole acetic acid) in plants suggesting its role in enabling plants to tolerate salt stressors. In addition, bacterial inoculation also reduced the disease severity caused by fungal infection, which illustrated its ability to confer induced systemic resistance (ISR) in host plants. Treatment of wheat plants with the test organism caused alteration in anti-oxidative enzymes activities (Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, and Peroxidase) under various salinity levels, and therefore minimizes the salinity-induced oxidative damages to the plants. Colonization efficiency of strain CDP-13 was confirmed by CFU count, epi-fluorescence microscopy, and ERIC-PCR-based DNA fingerprinting approach. Hence, the study indicates that bacterium CDP-13 enhances plant growth, and has potential for the amelioration of salinity stress in wheat plants. Likewise, the results also provide insights into biotechnological approaches to using PGPR as an alternative to chemicals and pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prabhat Nath Jha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
- * E-mail:
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Černý M, Novák J, Habánová H, Cerna H, Brzobohatý B. Role of the proteome in phytohormonal signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1864:1003-15. [PMID: 26721743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are orchestrators of plant growth and development. A lot of time and effort has been invested in attempting to comprehend their complex signaling pathways but despite success in elucidating some key components, molecular mechanisms in the transduction pathways are far from being resolved. The last decade has seen a boom in the analysis of phytohormone-responsive proteins. Abscisic acid, auxin, brassinosteroids, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellins, nitric oxide, oxylipins, strigolactones, salicylic acid--all have been analyzed to various degrees. For this review, we collected data from proteome-wide analyses resulting in a list of over 2000 annotated proteins from Arabidopsis proteomics and nearly 500 manually filtered protein families merged from all the data available from different species. We present the currently accepted model of phytohormone signaling, highlight the contributions made by proteomic-based research and describe the key nodes in phytohormone signaling networks, as revealed by proteome analysis. These include ubiquitination and proteasome mediated degradation, calcium ion signaling, redox homeostasis, and phosphoproteome dynamics. Finally, we discuss potential pitfalls and future perspectives in the field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics--a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Černý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Novák
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Habánová
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Cerna
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Smit ME, Weijers D. The role of auxin signaling in early embryo pattern formation. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 28:99-105. [PMID: 26495766 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pattern formation of the early Arabidopsis embryo generates precursors to all major cell types, and is profoundly controlled by the signaling molecule auxin. Here we discuss recent milestones in our understanding of auxin-dependent embryo patterning. Auxin biosynthesis, transport and response mechanisms interact to generate local auxin accumulation in the early embryo. New auxin-dependent reporters help identifying these sites, while atomic structures of transcriptional response mediators help explain the diverse outputs of auxin signaling. Key auxin outputs are control of cell identity and cell division orientation, and progress has been made towards understanding the cellular basis of each. Importantly, a number of studies have combined computational modeling and experiments to analyze the developmental role, genetic circuitry and molecular mechanisms of auxin-dependent cell division control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot E Smit
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Moss BL, Mao H, Guseman JM, Hinds TR, Hellmuth A, Kovenock M, Noorassa A, Lanctot A, Villalobos LIAC, Zheng N, Nemhauser JL. Rate Motifs Tune Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid Degradation Dynamics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:803-13. [PMID: 26149575 PMCID: PMC4577399 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation is a common feature in diverse plant cell signaling pathways; however, the factors that control the dynamics of regulated protein turnover are largely unknown. One of the best-characterized families of E3 ubiquitin ligases facilitates ubiquitination of auxin (aux)/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) repressor proteins in the presence of auxin. Rates of auxin-induced degradation vary widely within the Aux/IAA family, and sequences outside of the characterized degron (the minimum region required for auxin-induced degradation) can accelerate or decelerate degradation. We have used synthetic auxin degradation assays in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and in plants to characterize motifs flanking the degron that contribute to tuning the dynamics of Aux/IAA degradation. The presence of these rate motifs is conserved in phylogenetically distant members of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Aux/IAA family, as well as in their putative Brassica rapa orthologs. We found that rate motifs can act by enhancing interaction between repressors and the E3, but that this is not the only mechanism of action. Phenotypes of transgenic plants expressing a deletion in a rate motif in IAA28 resembled plants expressing degron mutations, underscoring the functional relevance of Aux/IAA degradation dynamics in regulating auxin responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britney L Moss
- Departments of Biology (B.L.M., J.M.G., M.K., A.N., A.L., J.L.N.) and Pharmacology (H.M., T.R.H., N.Z.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (A.H., L.I.A.C.V.); andHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815 (N.Z.)
| | - Haibin Mao
- Departments of Biology (B.L.M., J.M.G., M.K., A.N., A.L., J.L.N.) and Pharmacology (H.M., T.R.H., N.Z.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (A.H., L.I.A.C.V.); andHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815 (N.Z.)
| | - Jessica M Guseman
- Departments of Biology (B.L.M., J.M.G., M.K., A.N., A.L., J.L.N.) and Pharmacology (H.M., T.R.H., N.Z.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (A.H., L.I.A.C.V.); andHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815 (N.Z.)
| | - Thomas R Hinds
- Departments of Biology (B.L.M., J.M.G., M.K., A.N., A.L., J.L.N.) and Pharmacology (H.M., T.R.H., N.Z.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (A.H., L.I.A.C.V.); andHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815 (N.Z.)
| | - Antje Hellmuth
- Departments of Biology (B.L.M., J.M.G., M.K., A.N., A.L., J.L.N.) and Pharmacology (H.M., T.R.H., N.Z.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (A.H., L.I.A.C.V.); andHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815 (N.Z.)
| | - Marlies Kovenock
- Departments of Biology (B.L.M., J.M.G., M.K., A.N., A.L., J.L.N.) and Pharmacology (H.M., T.R.H., N.Z.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (A.H., L.I.A.C.V.); andHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815 (N.Z.)
| | - Anisa Noorassa
- Departments of Biology (B.L.M., J.M.G., M.K., A.N., A.L., J.L.N.) and Pharmacology (H.M., T.R.H., N.Z.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (A.H., L.I.A.C.V.); andHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815 (N.Z.)
| | - Amy Lanctot
- Departments of Biology (B.L.M., J.M.G., M.K., A.N., A.L., J.L.N.) and Pharmacology (H.M., T.R.H., N.Z.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (A.H., L.I.A.C.V.); andHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815 (N.Z.)
| | - Luz Irina A Calderón Villalobos
- Departments of Biology (B.L.M., J.M.G., M.K., A.N., A.L., J.L.N.) and Pharmacology (H.M., T.R.H., N.Z.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (A.H., L.I.A.C.V.); andHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815 (N.Z.)
| | - Ning Zheng
- Departments of Biology (B.L.M., J.M.G., M.K., A.N., A.L., J.L.N.) and Pharmacology (H.M., T.R.H., N.Z.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (A.H., L.I.A.C.V.); andHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815 (N.Z.)
| | - Jennifer L Nemhauser
- Departments of Biology (B.L.M., J.M.G., M.K., A.N., A.L., J.L.N.) and Pharmacology (H.M., T.R.H., N.Z.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (A.H., L.I.A.C.V.); andHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815 (N.Z.)
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McAdam SAM, Brodribb TJ. Hormonal dynamics contributes to divergence in seasonal stomatal behaviour in a monsoonal plant community. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:423-32. [PMID: 24995884 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a primary regulator of plant transpiration, but its influence in determining seasonal stomatal behaviour in natural plant communities is poorly understood. We examined distantly related vascular plants growing together in a seasonally dry, monsoonal environment to determine whether ABA dynamics contributed to contrasting water use patterns in this natural setting. Regular sampling of angiosperm, cycad, conifer and fern species revealed characteristic seasonal patterns in ABA production, but these were highly distinct among species. Although no general relationship was observed between ABA levels, plant hydration or stomatal conductance among species, the seasonal dynamics in stomatal behaviour within species were predictable functions of either ABA or leaf water potential. Strong divergence in the seasonal role of ABA among species suggests that modification in ABA-stomatal interactions represents an important evolutionary pathway for adaptation in plant water use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A M McAdam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
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Shen C, Yue R, Sun T, Zhang L, Yang Y, Wang H. OsARF16, a transcription factor regulating auxin redistribution, is required for iron deficiency response in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 231:148-58. [PMID: 25576000 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant response to iron deficiency is the most important feature for survival in Fe-limited soils. Several phytohormones, including auxin, are involved in iron uptake and homeostasis. However, the mechanisms behind how auxin participates in the iron deficiency response in rice are largely unknown. We found that OsARF16 was involved in the iron deficiency response and the induction of iron deficiency response genes. Most Fe-deficient symptoms could be partially restored in the osarf16 mutant, including dwarfism, photosynthesis decline, a reduction in iron content and root system architecture (RSA) regulation. OsARF16 expression was induced in the roots and shoots by Fe deprivation. Restoration of the phenotype could also be mimicked by 1-NOA, an auxin influx inhibitor. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR data indicated that the induction of Fe-deficiency response genes by iron deficiency was more compromised in the osarf16 mutant than in Nipponbare. In conclusion, osarf16, an auxin insensitive mutant, was involved in iron deficiency response in rice. Our results reveal a new biological function for OsARF16 and provide important information on how ARF-medicated auxin signaling affects iron signaling and the iron deficiency response. This work may help us to improve production or increased Fe nutrition of rice to iron deficiency by regulating auxin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
| | - Runqing Yue
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA
| | - Yanjun Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Huizhong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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Yue J, Hu X, Huang J. Origin of plant auxin biosynthesis. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:764-70. [PMID: 25129418 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent finding of the tryptophan aminotransferase (TAA)/flavin monooxygenase (YUC) pathway as the principal route of auxin production in plants provides an opportunity to revisit the origin of plant auxin biosynthesis. Phylogenetic analyses of the TAA and YUC gene families provide very little evidence for the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in algae. Instead, horizontal gene transfer of YUCs from bacteria to the ancestral land plant suggests that the TAA/YUC pathway is a land plant innovation. In this Opinion article we postulate that the origin of tryptophan-dependent IAA biosynthesis in land plants might have evolved in response to interactions with microbes, particularly bacteria, allowing plants to counteract bacterial activities and control their own auxin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipei Yue
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Xiangyang Hu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jinling Huang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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El-Sharkawy I, Sherif SM, Jones B, Mila I, Kumar PP, Bouzayen M, Jayasankar S. TIR1-like auxin-receptors are involved in the regulation of plum fruit development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5205-15. [PMID: 24996652 PMCID: PMC4157706 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene has long been considered the key regulator of ripening in climacteric fruit. Recent evidence showed that auxin also plays an important role during fruit ripening, but the nature of the interaction between the two hormones has remained unclear. To understand the differences in ethylene- and auxin-related behaviours that might reveal how the two hormones interact, we compared two plum (Prunus salicina L.) cultivars with widely varying fruit development and ripening ontogeny. The early-ripening cultivar, Early Golden (EG), exhibited high endogenous auxin levels and auxin hypersensitivity during fruit development, while the late-ripening cultivar, V98041 (V9), displayed reduced auxin content and sensitivity. We show that exogenous auxin is capable of dramatically accelerating fruit development and ripening in plum, indicating that this hormone is actively involved in the ripening process. Further, we demonstrate that the variations in auxin sensitivity between plum cultivars could be partially due to PslAFB5, which encodes a TIR1-like auxin receptor. Two different PslAFB5 alleles were identified, one (Pslafb5) inactive due to substitution of the conserved F-box amino acid residue Pro61 to Ser. The early-ripening cultivar, EG, exhibited homozygosity for the inactive allele; however, the late cultivar, V9, displayed a PslAFB5/afb5 heterozygous genotype. Our results highlight the impact of auxin in stimulating fruit development, especially the ripening process and the potential for differential auxin sensitivity to alter important fruit developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam El-Sharkawy
- University of Guelph, Department of Plant Agriculture. 4890 Victoria Av. N., P.O. Box 7000 Vineland Station, ON, L0R 2E0 Canada Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Sherif M Sherif
- University of Guelph, Department of Plant Agriculture. 4890 Victoria Av. N., P.O. Box 7000 Vineland Station, ON, L0R 2E0 Canada Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Brian Jones
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Agriculture, Australia
| | - Isabelle Mila
- Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSA Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan F-31326, France
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSA Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan F-31326, France
| | - Subramanian Jayasankar
- University of Guelph, Department of Plant Agriculture. 4890 Victoria Av. N., P.O. Box 7000 Vineland Station, ON, L0R 2E0 Canada
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Etemadi M, Gutjahr C, Couzigou JM, Zouine M, Lauressergues D, Timmers A, Audran C, Bouzayen M, Bécard G, Combier JP. Auxin perception is required for arbuscule development in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:281-92. [PMID: 25096975 PMCID: PMC4149713 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.246595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Most land plant species live in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. These fungi differentiate essential functional structures called arbuscules in root cortical cells from which mineral nutrients are released to the plant. We investigated the role of microRNA393 (miR393), an miRNA that targets several auxin receptors, in arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization. Expression of the precursors of the miR393 was down-regulated during mycorrhization in three different plant species: Solanum lycopersicum, Medicago truncatula, and Oryza sativa. Treatment of S. lycopersicum, M. truncatula, and O. sativa roots with concentrations of synthetic auxin analogs that did not affect root development stimulated mycorrhization, particularly arbuscule formation. DR5-GUS, a reporter for auxin response, was preferentially expressed in root cells containing arbuscules. Finally, overexpression of miR393 in root tissues resulted in down-regulation of auxin receptor genes (transport inhibitor response1 and auxin-related F box) and underdeveloped arbuscules in all three plant species. These results support the conclusion that miR393 is a negative regulator of arbuscule formation by hampering auxin perception in arbuscule-containing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Etemadi
- Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-52627 Auzeville, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Faculty of Biology, Genetics, University of Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany (C.G.); andLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441/2594 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (A.T.)
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-52627 Auzeville, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Faculty of Biology, Genetics, University of Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany (C.G.); andLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441/2594 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (A.T.)
| | - Jean-Malo Couzigou
- Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-52627 Auzeville, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Faculty of Biology, Genetics, University of Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany (C.G.); andLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441/2594 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (A.T.)
| | - Mohamed Zouine
- Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-52627 Auzeville, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Faculty of Biology, Genetics, University of Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany (C.G.); andLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441/2594 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (A.T.)
| | - Dominique Lauressergues
- Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-52627 Auzeville, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Faculty of Biology, Genetics, University of Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany (C.G.); andLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441/2594 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (A.T.)
| | - Antonius Timmers
- Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-52627 Auzeville, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Faculty of Biology, Genetics, University of Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany (C.G.); andLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441/2594 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (A.T.)
| | - Corinne Audran
- Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-52627 Auzeville, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Faculty of Biology, Genetics, University of Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany (C.G.); andLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441/2594 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (A.T.)
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-52627 Auzeville, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Faculty of Biology, Genetics, University of Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany (C.G.); andLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441/2594 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (A.T.)
| | - Guillaume Bécard
- Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-52627 Auzeville, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Faculty of Biology, Genetics, University of Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany (C.G.); andLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441/2594 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (A.T.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Combier
- Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (M.E., J.-M.C., D.L., G.B., J.-P.C.);Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, F-52627 Auzeville, France (M.E., M.Z., C.A., M.B.);Faculty of Biology, Genetics, University of Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany (C.G.); andLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441/2594 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France (A.T.)
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Tian H, De Smet I, Ding Z. Shaping a root system: regulating lateral versus primary root growth. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:426-31. [PMID: 24513255 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Primary and lateral roots comprise root systems, which are vital to the growth and survival of plants. Several molecular mechanisms associated with primary and lateral root growth have been described, including some common regulatory factors for their initiation and development. However, in this opinion article, we discuss the distinct growth behavior of lateral roots in response to environmental cues, such as salinity, gravity, and nutrient availability, which are mediated via specific regulators. We propose that differential growth dynamics between primary and lateral roots are crucial for plants to adapt to the ever-changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China.
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Herrero J, Esteban Carrasco A, Zapata JM. Arabidopsis thaliana peroxidases involved in lignin biosynthesis: in silico promoter analysis and hormonal regulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 80:192-202. [PMID: 24792389 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones such as auxins, cytokinins, and brassinosteroids, act by means of a signaling cascade of transcription factors of the families NAC, MYB, AP2 (APETALA2), MADS and class III HD (homeodomain) Zip, regulating secondary growth. When the hormonal regulation of Zinnia elegans peroxidase (ZePrx), an enzyme involved in lignin biosynthesis, was studied, it was found that this peroxidase is sensitive to a plethora of hormones which control xylem lignification. In a previous study we sought Arabidopsis thaliana homologues to ZePrx. Peroxidases 4, 52, 49 and 72 are the four peroxidases that fulfill the restrictive conditions that a peroxidase involved in lignification must have. In the present study, we focus our attention on hormonal regulation in order to establish the minimal structural and regulatory elements contained in the promoter region which an AtPrx involved in lignification must have. The results indicate that of the four peroxidases selected in our previous study, the one most likely to be homologous to ZePrx is AtPrx52. The results suggest that hormones such as auxins, cytokinins and BRs directly regulate AtPrx52, and that the AtPrx52 promoter may be the target of the set of transcription factors (NAC, MYB, AP2 and class I and III HD Zip) which are up-regulated by these hormones during secondary growth. In addition, the AtPrx52 promoter contains multiple copies of all the putative cis-elements (the ACGT box, the OCS box, the OPAQ box, the L1BX, the MYCL box and the W box) known to confer regulation by NO and H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Herrero
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - José Miguel Zapata
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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48
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Zhao J, Yi H. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis response to sulfur dioxide fumigation. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 289:989-99. [PMID: 24889700 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) supplies the basic sulfur element to promote plant growth, yet at the same time it is a harmful air pollutant. Currently, the mechanisms of plant adaptation to SO2 stress are largely unknown. Pathways of SO2 metabolism, a range of networks of interacting regulatory signals and defense mechanisms triggered in resistance to SO2 stress, have not yet been clarified. We performed transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis plants fumigated with 30 mg m(-3) SO2 for 72 h and untreated controls using microarrays. This identified 2,780 significantly up- or down-regulated genes in plants response to SO2 stress, indicating a possible genome-scale reprogramming of the transcriptome. Significant changes in the transcript abundance of genes that participated in SO2 metabolic pathways indicated that numerous sulfites were involved in sulfur assimilatory pathways directly and away from sulfite oxidative pathways. Furthermore, the up-regulation of components involved in reactive oxygen species generating and scavenging pathways demonstrated altered redox homeostasis. Transcripts encoding key components in nitric oxide biosynthesis pathways were simultaneously up-regulated by SO2 exposure. In addition, transcripts associated with putative biotic stress were also up-regulated. Therefore, SO2 evokes a comprehensive reprogramming of metabolic pathways, consistent with up-regulation of transcripts involved in tolerance and defense mechanisms, in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China,
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Rothwell GW, Wyatt SE, Tomescu AMF. Plant evolution at the interface of paleontology and developmental biology: An organism-centered paradigm. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2014; 101:899-913. [PMID: 24879296 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1300451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Paleontology yields essential evidence for inferring not only the pattern of evolution, but also the genetic basis of evolution within an ontogenetic framework. Plant fossils provide evidence for the pattern of plant evolution in the form of transformational series of structure through time. Developmentally diagnostic structural features that serve as "fingerprints" of regulatory genetic pathways also are preserved by plant fossils, and here we provide examples of how those fingerprints can be used to infer the mechanisms by which plant form and development have evolved. When coupled with an understanding of variations and systematic distributions of specific regulatory genetic pathways, this approach provides an avenue for testing evolutionary hypotheses at the organismal level that is analogous to employing bioinformatics to explore genetics at the genomic level. The positions where specific genes, gene families, and developmental regulatory mechanisms first appear in phylogenies are correlated with the positions where fossils with the corresponding structures occur on the tree, thereby yielding testable hypotheses that extend our understanding of the role of developmental changes in the evolution of the body plans of vascular plant sporophytes. As a result, we now have new and powerful methodologies for characterizing major evolutionary changes in morphology, anatomy, and physiology that have resulted from combinations of genetic regulatory changes and that have produced the synapomorphies by which we recognize major clades of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gar W Rothwell
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 2082 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 USA Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701 USA
| | - Sarah E Wyatt
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701 USA Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701 USA
| | - Alexandru M F Tomescu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California 95521 USA
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Zhang S, Wu J, Yuan D, Zhang D, Huang Z, Xiao L, Yang C. Perturbation of auxin homeostasis caused by mitochondrial FtSH4 gene-mediated peroxidase accumulation regulates arabidopsis architecture. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:856-73. [PMID: 24482432 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and auxin play important roles in the networks that regulate plant development and morphogenetic changes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between them are poorly understood. This study isolated a mas (More Axillary Shoots) mutant, which was identified as an allele of the mitochondrial AAA-protease AtFtSH4, and characterized the function of the FtSH4 gene in regulating plant development by mediating the peroxidase-dependent interplay between hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and auxin homeostasis. The phenotypes of dwarfism and increased axillary branches observed in the mas (renamed as ftsh4-4) mutant result from a decrease in the IAA concentration. The expression levels of several auxin signaling genes, including IAA1, IAA2, and IAA3, as well as several auxin binding and transport genes, decreased significantly in ftsh4-4 plants. However, the H2O2 and peroxidases levels, which also have IAA oxidase activity, were significantly elevated in ftsh4-4 plants. The ftsh4-4 phenotypes could be reversed by expressing the iaaM gene or by knocking down the peroxidase genes PRX34 and PRX33. Both approaches can increase auxin levels in the ftsh4-4 mutant. Taken together, these results provided direct molecular and genetic evidence for the interaction between mitochondrial ATP-dependent protease, H2O2, and auxin homeostasis to regulate plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchun Zhang
- Guangdong Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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