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Li Z, Huang Y, Shen Z, Wu M, Huang M, Hong SB, Xu L, Zang Y. Advances in functional studies of plant MYC transcription factors. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:195. [PMID: 39103657 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Myelocytomatosis (MYC) transcription factors (TFs) belong to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family in plants and play a central role in governing a wide range of physiological processes. These processes encompass plant growth, development, adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as secondary metabolism. In recent decades, significant strides have been made in comprehending the multifaceted regulatory functions of MYCs. This advancement has been achieved through the cloning of MYCs and the characterization of plants with MYC deficiencies or overexpression, employing comprehensive genome-wide 'omics' and protein-protein interaction technologies. MYCs act as pivotal components in integrating signals from various phytohormones' transcriptional regulators to orchestrate genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming. In this review, we have compiled current research on the role of MYCs as molecular switches that modulate signal transduction pathways mediated by phytohormones and phytochromes. This comprehensive overview allows us to address lingering questions regarding the interplay of signals in response to environmental cues and developmental shift. It also sheds light on the potential implications for enhancing plant resistance to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses through genetic improvements achieved by plant breeding and synthetic biology efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunshuai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mujun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX, 77058-1098, USA
| | - Liai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yunxiang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Malinowski R, Singh D, Kasprzewska A, Blicharz S, Basińska-Barczak A. Vascular tissue - boon or bane? How pathogens usurp long-distance transport in plants and the defence mechanisms deployed to counteract them. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39101283 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Evolutionary emergence of specialised vascular tissues has enabled plants to coordinate their growth and adjust to unfavourable external conditions. Whilst holding a pivotal role in long-distance transport, both xylem and phloem can be encroached on by various biotic factors for systemic invasion and hijacking of nutrients. Therefore, a complete understanding of the strategies deployed by plants against such pathogens to restrict their entry and establishment within plant tissues, is of key importance for the future development of disease-tolerant crops. In this review, we aim to describe how microorganisms exploit the plant vascular system as a route for gaining access and control of different host tissues and metabolic pathways. Highlighting several biological examples, we detail the wide range of host responses triggered to prevent or hinder vascular colonisation and effectively minimise damage upon biotic invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Malinowski
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
| | - Deeksha Singh
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
| | - Anna Kasprzewska
- Regulation of Gene Expression Team, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
| | - Sara Blicharz
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
| | - Aneta Basińska-Barczak
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
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Otani M, Tojo R, Regnard S, Zheng L, Hoshi T, Ohmori S, Tachibana N, Sano T, Koshimizu S, Ichimura K, Colcombet J, Kawakami N. The MKK3 MAPK cascade integrates temperature and after-ripening signals to modulate seed germination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2404887121. [PMID: 38968100 PMCID: PMC11252986 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404887121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The timing of seed germination is controlled by the combination of internal dormancy and external factors. Temperature is a major environmental factor for seed germination. The permissive temperature range for germination is narrow in dormant seeds and expands during after-ripening (AR) (dormancy release). Quantitative trait loci analyses of preharvest sprouting in cereals have revealed that MKK3, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade protein, is a negative regulator of grain dormancy. Here, we show that the MAPKKK19/20-MKK3-MPK1/2/7/14 cascade modulates the germination temperature range in Arabidopsis seeds by elevating the germinability of the seeds at sub- and supraoptimal temperatures. The expression of MAPKKK19 and MAPKKK20 is induced around optimal temperature for germination in after-ripened seeds but repressed in dormant seeds. MPK7 activation depends on the expression levels of MAPKKK19/20, with expression occurring under conditions permissive for germination. Abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) are two major phytohormones which are involved in germination control. Activation of the MKK3 cascade represses ABA biosynthesis enzyme gene expression and induces expression of ABA catabolic enzyme and GA biosynthesis enzyme genes, resulting in expansion of the germinable temperature range. Our data demonstrate that the MKK3 cascade integrates temperature and AR signals to phytohormone metabolism and seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Otani
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
- Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Properties, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
| | - Ryo Tojo
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
| | - Sarah Regnard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay, Paris-Saclay University, CNRS, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Paris-Cité University, Evry Val d'Essonne University, Gif-sur-Yvette91190, France
| | - Lipeng Zheng
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei230031, China
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui230027, China
| | - Takumi Hoshi
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
| | - Suzuha Ohmori
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
| | - Natsuki Tachibana
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sano
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
| | - Shizuka Koshimizu
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
- Bioinformation and DDBJ Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima411-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ichimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa761-0795, Japan
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay, Paris-Saclay University, CNRS, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Paris-Cité University, Evry Val d'Essonne University, Gif-sur-Yvette91190, France
| | - Naoto Kawakami
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa214-8571, Japan
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Zhao Y, Sun T, Liu J, Zhang R, Yu Y, Zhou G, Liu J, Gao B. The Key Role of Plant Hormone Signaling Transduction and Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathways in the Response of Chinese Pine ( Pinus tabuliformis) to Feeding Stimulation by Pine Caterpillar ( Dendrolimus tabulaeformis). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6354. [PMID: 38928063 PMCID: PMC11203464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In nature, plants have developed a series of resistance mechanisms to face various external stresses. As understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying plant resistance continues to deepen, exploring endogenous resistance in plants has become a hot topic in this field. Despite the multitude of studies on plant-induced resistance, how plants respond to stress under natural conditions remains relatively unclear. To address this gap, we investigated Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) using pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus tabulaeformis) under natural conditions. Healthy Chinese pine trees, approximately 10 years old, were selected for studying induced resistance in Huangtuliangzi Forestry, Pingquan City, Chengde City, Hebei Province, China. Pine needles were collected at 2 h and 8 h after feeding stimulation (FS) via 10 pine caterpillars and leaf clipping control (LCC), to simulate mechanical damage caused by insect chewing for the quantification of plant hormones and transcriptome and metabolome assays. The results show that the different modes of treatments significantly influence the contents of JA and SA in time following treatment. Three types of differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were found to be involved in the initial response, namely phenolic acids, lipids, and flavonoids. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicated that 722 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are positively related to feeding stimulation and the specific enriched pathways are plant hormone signal transduction and flavonoid biosynthesis, among others. Two TIFY transcription factors (PtTIFY54 and PtTIFY22) and a MYB transcription factor (PtMYB26) were found to be involved in the interaction between plant hormones, mainly in the context of JA signal transduction and flavonoid biosynthesis. The results of this study provide an insight into how JA activates, serving as a reference for understanding the molecular mechanisms of resistance formation in conifers responding to mandibulate insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhao
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Tianhua Sun
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China;
| | - Ruibo Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Yongjie Yu
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Guona Zhou
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Junxia Liu
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Baojia Gao
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (R.Z.); (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (J.L.)
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Li Y, Kamiyama Y, Minegishi F, Tamura Y, Yamashita K, Katagiri S, Takase H, Otani M, Tojo R, Rupp GE, Suzuki T, Kawakami N, Peck SC, Umezawa T. Group C MAP kinases phosphorylate MBD10 to regulate ABA-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1747-1759. [PMID: 38477703 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that promotes leaf senescence in response to environmental stress. We previously identified methyl CpG-binding domain 10 (MBD10) as a phosphoprotein that becomes differentially phosphorylated after ABA treatment in Arabidopsis. ABA-induced leaf senescence was delayed in mbd10 knockout plants but accelerated in MBD10-overexpressing plants, suggesting that MBD10 positively regulates ABA-induced leaf senescence. ABA-induced phosphorylation of MBD10 occurs in planta on Thr-89, and our results demonstrated that Thr-89 phosphorylation is essential for MBD10's function in leaf senescence. The in vivo phosphorylation of Thr-89 in MBD10 was significantly downregulated in a quadruple mutant of group C MAPKs (mpk1/2/7/14), and group C MAPKs directly phosphorylated MBD10 in vitro. Furthermore, mpk1/2/7/14 showed a similar phenotype as seen in mbd10 for ABA-induced leaf senescence, suggesting that group C MAPKs are the cognate kinases of MBD10 for Thr-89. Because group C MAPKs have been reported to function downstream of SnRK2s, our results indicate that group C MAPKs and MBD10 constitute a regulatory pathway for ABA-induced leaf senescence.
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Grants
- KAKENHI JP21H05654 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- KAKENHI JP22K19170 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- KAKENHI JP23H02497 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- KAKENHI JP23H04192 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20350427 Moonshot Research and Development Program
- JP21J10962 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangdan Li
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kamiyama
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuko Minegishi
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tamura
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Yamashita
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sotaro Katagiri
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hinano Takase
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Otani
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Tojo
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gabrielle E Rupp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, Missouri, USA
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoto Kawakami
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Scott C Peck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, Missouri, USA
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, 183-8538, Tokyo, Japan
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Kaur D, Schedl A, Lafleur C, Martinez Henao J, van Dam NM, Rivoal J, Bede JC. Arabidopsis Transcriptomics Reveals the Role of Lipoxygenase2 (AtLOX2) in Wound-Induced Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5898. [PMID: 38892085 PMCID: PMC11173247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In wounded Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, four 13S-lipoxygenases (AtLOX2, AtLOX3, AtLOX4, AtLOX6) act in a hierarchical manner to contribute to the jasmonate burst. This leads to defense responses with LOX2 playing an important role in plant resistance against caterpillar herb-ivory. In this study, we sought to characterize the impact of AtLOX2 on wound-induced phytohormonal and transcriptional responses to foliar mechanical damage using wildtype (WT) and lox2 mutant plants. Compared with WT, the lox2 mutant had higher constitutive levels of the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) and enhanced expression of SA-responsive genes. This suggests that AtLOX2 may be involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonates that are involved in the antagonism of SA biosynthesis. As expected, the jasmonate burst in response to wounding was dampened in lox2 plants. Generally, 1 h after wounding, genes linked to jasmonate biosynthesis, jasmonate signaling attenuation and abscisic acid-responsive genes, which are primarily involved in wound sealing and healing, were differentially regulated between WT and lox2 mutants. Twelve h after wounding, WT plants showed stronger expression of genes associated with plant protection against insect herbivory. This study highlights the dynamic nature of jasmonate-responsive gene expression and the contribution of AtLOX2 to this pathway and plant resistance against insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diljot Kaur
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 rue Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.K.); (J.M.H.)
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke E., Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada;
| | - Andreas Schedl
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 52, 04103 Leipzig, Germany (N.M.v.D.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- German Biomass Research Centre (DBFZ), Torgauer Straße 116, 04347 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Lafleur
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, 21,111 rue Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada;
| | - Julian Martinez Henao
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 rue Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.K.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 52, 04103 Leipzig, Germany (N.M.v.D.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyerweg-1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Jean Rivoal
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke E., Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada;
| | - Jacqueline C. Bede
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 rue Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.K.); (J.M.H.)
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Zhou Y, Bai YH, Han FX, Chen X, Wu FS, Liu Q, Ma WZ, Zhang YQ. Transcriptome sequencing and metabolome analysis reveal the molecular mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza in response to drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:446. [PMID: 38778268 PMCID: PMC11112794 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is commonly used as a Chinese herbal medicine to treat different cardiovascular and cerebrovascular illnesses due to its active ingredients. Environmental conditions, especially drought stress, can affect the yield and quality of S. miltiorrhiza. However, moderate drought stress could improve the quality of S. miltiorrhiza without significantly reducing the yield, and the mechanism of this initial drought resistance is still unclear. In our study, transcriptome and metabolome analyses of S. miltiorrhiza under different drought treatment groups (CK, A, B, and C groups) were conducted to reveal the basis for its drought tolerance. We discovered that the leaves of S. miltiorrhiza under different drought treatment groups had no obvious shrinkage, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities dramatically increased, indicating that our drought treatment methods were moderate, and the leaves of S. miltiorrhiza began to initiate drought resistance. The morphology of root tissue had no significant change under different drought treatment groups, and the contents of four tanshinones significantly enhanced. In all, 5213, 6611, and 5241 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were shared in the A, B, and C groups compared with the CK group, respectively. The results of KEGG and co-expression analysis showed that the DEGs involved in plant-pathogen interactions, the MAPK signaling pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction responded to drought stress and were strongly correlated with tanshinone biosynthesis. Furthermore, the results of metabolism analysis indicated that 67, 72, and 92 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), including fumarate, ferulic acid, xanthohumol, and phytocassanes, which were primarily involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and diterpenoid biosynthesis pathways, were detected in these groups. These discoveries provide valuable information on the molecular mechanisms by which S. miltiorrhiza responds to drought stress and will facilitate the development of drought-resistant and high-quality S. miltiorrhiza production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-Hong Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Feng-Xia Han
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wu
- Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Jinan, China.
| | - Wen-Zhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Yong-Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Zhang L, Zhu Q, Tan Y, Deng M, Zhang L, Cao Y, Guo X. Mitogen-activated protein kinases MPK3 and MPK6 phosphorylate receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase CDL1 to regulate soybean basal immunity. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:963-986. [PMID: 38301274 PMCID: PMC10980351 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe), one of the most devastating soybean (Glycine max) pathogens, causes significant yield loss in soybean production. Nematode infection triggers plant defense responses; however, the components involved in the upstream signaling cascade remain largely unknown. In this study, we established that a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling module, activated by nematode infection or wounding, is crucial for soybeans to establish SCN resistance. GmMPK3 and GmMPK6 directly interact with CDG1-LIKE1 (GmCDL1), a member of the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) subfamily VII. These kinases phosphorylate GmCDL1 at Thr-372 to prevent its proteasome-mediated degradation. Functional analysis demonstrated that GmCDL1 positively regulates immune responses and promotes SCN resistance in soybeans. GmMPK3-mediated and GmMPK6-mediated phosphorylation of GmCDL1 enhances GmMPK3 and GmMPK6 activation and soybean disease resistance, representing a positive feedback mechanism. Additionally, 2 L-type lectin receptor kinases, GmLecRK02g and GmLecRK08g, associate with GmCDL1 to initiate downstream immune signaling. Notably, our study also unveils the potential involvement of GmLecRKs and GmCDL1 in countering other soybean pathogens beyond nematodes. Taken together, our findings reveal the pivotal role of the GmLecRKs-GmCDL1-MAPK regulatory module in triggering soybean basal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Qun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuanhua Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Miaomiao Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yangrong Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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9
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Chen S, Ye M, Kuai P, Chen L, Lou Y. Silencing an ATP-Dependent Caseinolytic Protease Proteolytic Subunit Gene Enhances the Resistance of Rice to Nilaparvata lugens. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3699. [PMID: 38612510 PMCID: PMC11011769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The ATP-dependent caseinolytic protease (Clp) system has been reported to play an important role in plant growth, development, and defense against pathogens. However, whether the Clp system is involved in plant defense against herbivores remains largely unclear. We explore the role of the Clp system in rice defenses against brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens by combining chemical analysis, transcriptome, and molecular analyses, as well as insect bioassays. We found the expression of a rice Clp proteolytic subunit gene, OsClpP6, was suppressed by infestation of BPH gravid females and mechanical wounding. Silencing OsClpP6 enhanced the level of BPH-induced jasmonic acid (JA), JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and ABA, which in turn promoted the production of BPH-elicited rice volatiles and increased the resistance of rice to BPH. Field trials showed that silencing OsClpP6 decreased the population densities of BPH and WBPH. We also observed that silencing OsClpP6 decreased chlorophyll content in rice leaves at early developmental stages and impaired rice root growth and seed setting rate. These findings demonstrate that an OsClpP6-mediated Clp system in rice was involved in plant growth-defense trade-offs by affecting the biosynthesis of defense-related signaling molecules in chloroplasts. Moreover, rice plants, after recognizing BPH infestation, can enhance rice resistance to BPH by decreasing the Clp system activity. The work might provide a new way to breed rice varieties that are resistant to herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Breeding and Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (S.C.); (M.Y.); (P.K.); (L.C.)
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10
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Méndez-Gómez M, Sierra-Cacho D, Jiménez-Morales E, Guzmán P. Modulation of early gene expression responses to water deprivation stress by the E3 ubiquitin ligase ATL80: implications for retrograde signaling interplay. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:180. [PMID: 38459432 PMCID: PMC10921668 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary response genes play a pivotal role in translating short-lived stress signals into sustained adaptive responses. In this study, we investigated the involvement of ATL80, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, in the dynamics of gene expression following water deprivation stress. We observed that ATL80 is rapidly activated within minutes of water deprivation stress perception, reaching peak expression around 60 min before gradually declining. ATL80, despite its post-translational regulation role, emerged as a key player in modulating early gene expression responses to water deprivation stress. RESULTS The impact of ATL80 on gene expression was assessed using a time-course microarray analysis (0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min), revealing a burst of differentially expressed genes, many of which were associated with various stress responses. In addition, the diversity of early modulation of gene expression in response to water deprivation stress was significantly abolished in the atl80 mutant compared to wild-type plants. A subset of 73 genes that exhibited a similar expression pattern to ATL80 was identified. Among them, several are linked to stress responses, including ERF/AP2 and WRKY transcription factors, calcium signaling genes, MAP kinases, and signaling peptides. Promoter analysis predicts enrichment of binding sites for CAMTA1 and CAMTA5, which are known regulators of rapid stress responses. Furthermore, we have identified a group of differentially expressed ERF/AP2 transcription factors, proteins associated with folding and refolding, as well as pinpointed core module genes which are known to play roles in retrograde signaling pathways that cross-referenced with the early ATL80 transcriptome. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we propose that ATL80 may target one or more components within the retrograde signaling pathways for degradation. In essence, ATL80 serves as a bridge connecting these signaling pathways and effectively functions as an alarm signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Méndez-Gómez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, 36824, Gto, México
| | - Daniel Sierra-Cacho
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, 36824, Gto, México
| | - Estela Jiménez-Morales
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, 36824, Gto, México
| | - Plinio Guzmán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, 36824, Gto, México.
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11
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Hann CT, Ramage SF, Negi H, Bequette CJ, Vasquez PA, Stratmann JW. Dephosphorylation of the MAP kinases MPK6 and MPK3 fine-tunes responses to wounding and herbivory in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 339:111962. [PMID: 38103696 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis MAP Kinases (MAPKs) MPK6 and MPK3 and orthologs in other plants function as major stress signaling hubs. MAPKs are activated by phosphorylation and are negatively regulated by MAPK-inactivating phosphatases (MIPPs), which alter the intensity and duration of MAPK signaling via dephosphorylation. Unlike in other plant species, jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation in Arabidopsis is apparently not MPK6- and MPK3-dependent, so their role in JA-mediated defenses against herbivorous insects is unclear. Here we explore whether changes in MPK6/3 phosphorylation kinetics in Arabidopsis MIPP mutants lead to changes in hormone synthesis and resistance against herbivores. The MIPPs MKP1, DsPTP1, PP2C5, and AP2C1 have been implicated in responses to infection, drought, and osmotic stress, which all impinge on JA-mediated defenses. In loss-of-function mutants, we found that the four MIPPs alter wound-induced MPK6/3 phosphorylation kinetics and affect the accumulation of the defense hormones JA, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid, as compared to wild type plants (Col-0). Moreover, MPK6/3 misregulation in MIPP or MAPK mutant plants resulted in slight changes in the resistance to Trichoplusia ni and Spodoptera exigua larvae as compared to Col-0. Our data indicate that MPK6/3 and the four MIPPs moderately contribute to wound signaling and defense against herbivorous insects in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire T Hann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Sophia F Ramage
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Harshita Negi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Carlton J Bequette
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Paula A Vasquez
- Department of Mathematics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Johannes W Stratmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
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12
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Mao X, Zheng X, Sun B, Jiang L, Zhang J, Lyu S, Yu H, Chen P, Chen W, Fan Z, Li C, Liu Q. MKK3 Cascade Regulates Seed Dormancy Through a Negative Feedback Loop Modulating ABA Signal in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:2. [PMID: 38170405 PMCID: PMC10764673 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing frequency of climatic anomalies, high temperatures and long-term rain often occur during the rice-harvesting period, especially for early rice crops in tropical and subtropical regions. Seed dormancy directly affects the resistance to pre-harvest sprouting (PHS). Therefore, in order to increase rice production, it is critical to enhance seed dormancy and avoid yield losses to PHS. The elucidation and utilization of the seed dormancy regulation mechanism is of great significance to rice production. Preliminary results indicated that the OsMKKK62-OsMKK3-OsMPK7/14 module might regulate ABA sensitivity and then control seed dormancy. The detailed mechanism is still unclear. RESULTS The overexpression of OsMKK3 resulted in serious PHS. The expression levels of OsMKK3 and OsMPK7 were upregulated by ABA and GA at germination stage. OsMKK3 and OsMPK7 are both located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The dormancy level of double knockout mutant mkk3/mft2 was lower than that of mkk3, indicating that OsMFT2 functions in the downstream of MKK3 cascade in regulating rice seeds germination. Biochemical results showed that OsMPK7 interacted with multiple core ABA signaling components according to yeast two-hybrid screening and luciferase complementation experiments, suggesting that MKK3 cascade regulates ABA signaling by modulating the core ABA signaling components. Moreover, the ABA response and ABA responsive genes of mpk7/14 were significantly higher than those of wild-type ZH11 when subjected to ABA treatment. CONCLUSION MKK3 cascade mediates the negative feedback loop of ABA signal through the interaction between OsMPK7 and core ABA signaling components in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxue Mao
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bingrui Sun
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Liqun Jiang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shuwei Lyu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Pingli Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhilan Fan
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chen Li
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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13
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Shankar BA, Vaishali, Yadav MK, Kumar M, Burman V. Differential gene expression analysis under salinity stress in the selected turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cultivars for curcuminoid biosynthesis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9745-9753. [PMID: 37658929 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcuminoids are the phenolic compounds found exclusively in turmeric. Their presence is known to increase immunity and resistance against certain cancers and neurological disorders in humans also, protecting the plant itself against salinity stress. METHODS In this experiment, we studied the expression levels of MAPK1 and DCS genes, their curcuminoid biosynthesis under salinity stress conditions so that the impact of individual genes can be understood using semi- quantitative PCR. RESULTS The expressions of the genes with respect to curcuminoid biosynthesis showed fluctuations in their band intensity values due to the production of curcuminoids, which is initiated first in the leaves followed by the rhizomes. Not all the genes responsible for the curcuminoid biosynthesis show positive regulation under salt stress conditions which is observed in response to the severity of the stress imposed on the cultivars. CONCLUSIONS In our findings, both the genes MAPK1 and DCS were down-regulated for curcuminoid biosynthesis compared to their controls in both the cultivars Vallabh Sharad and Selection 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandi Arpitha Shankar
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Vaishali
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M K Yadav
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishakha Burman
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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14
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Chen X, Li Q, Ding L, Zhang S, Shan S, Xiong X, Jiang W, Zhao B, Zhang L, Luo Y, Lian Y, Kong X, Ding X, Zhang J, Li C, Soppe WJJ, Xiang Y. The MKK3-MPK7 cascade phosphorylates ERF4 and promotes its rapid degradation to release seed dormancy in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1743-1758. [PMID: 37710960 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Seeds establish dormancy to delay germination until the arrival of a favorable growing season. In this study, we identify a fate switch comprised of the MKK3-MPK7 kinase cascade and the ethylene response factor ERF4 that is responsible for the seed state transition from dormancy to germination. We show that dormancy-breaking factors activate the MKK3-MPK7 module, which affects the expression of some α-EXPANSIN (EXPA) genes to control seed dormancy. Furthermore, we identify a direct downstream substrate of this module, ERF4, which suppresses the expression of these EXPAs by directly binding to the GCC boxes in their exon regions. The activated MKK3-MPK7 module phosphorylates ERF4, leading to its rapid degradation and thereby releasing its inhibitory effect on the expression of these EXPAs. Collectively, our work identifies a signaling chain consisting of protein phosphorylation, degradation, and gene transcription , by which the germination promoters within the embryo sense and are activated by germination signals from ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qiujia Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Center for Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Siyao Shan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xiong Xiong
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Wenhui Jiang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Hou Ji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Academy of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yiming Lian
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiuqin Kong
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiali Ding
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Chunli Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | | | - Yong Xiang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China.
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15
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Yajnik KN, Gupta SRR, Taneja M, Singh IK, Singh A. Deciphering mitogen activated protein kinase pathway activated during insect attack in Nicotiana attenuata. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37811559 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2263795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant yields are compromised due to abiotic and biotic stresses. A crucial biotic stress instigated by insect attack, is a major concern that limits crop production. To overcome the deleterious effect of herbivory, pesticides are used but long-term usage of pesticides can be harmful to the environment and human health. Understanding the plants' inherent defense mechanism by interpreting the interaction pattern of defense-related proteins and signalling components and manipulating them to strengthen defense status, is one of the alternative approaches of green biotechnology. During insect attack, host plants initiate innumerable signalling pathways to activate defense response; Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Pathway is a crucial component of signalling pathway that regulate the expression of downstream defense-related genes. MAPK pathway has three components: MAPKKK, MAPKK and MAPK. Earlier studies have shown participation of SIPK and WIPK (MAPKs) as well as MEK2 (MAPKK) during insect infestation and its association with plant defense. However, information on the third component and elucidation of the complete MAPK pathway are still elusive. Therefore, this study aims to identify the unknown component and decipher MAPK pathway in Nicotiana attenuata involved in plant defense against herbivory by identifying herbivory-inducible MAPKKKs and and their interaction with known partners of the MAPK pathway by docking and MD simulation. The possible pathway was predicted to be MAPKKK Na12134/Na04522-MEK2-SIPK/WIPK. Further, validation of the above interaction by in vitro and in vivo methods is highly recommended.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpesh Nath Yajnik
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- J C Bose Center for Plant Genomics, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shradheya R R Gupta
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mansi Taneja
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Indrakant K Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- J C Bose Center for Plant Genomics, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability, Institution of Eminence, Maharishi Karnad Bhawan, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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16
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Fan S, Luo F, Wang M, Xu Y, Chen W, Yang G. Comparative transcriptome analysis of genes involved in paradormant bud release response in 'Summer Black' grape. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1236141. [PMID: 37818318 PMCID: PMC10561283 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1236141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Grapevines possess a hierarchy of buds, and the fruitful winter bud forms the foundation of the two-crop-a-year cultivation system, yielding biannual harvests. Throughout its developmental stages, the winter bud sequentially undergoes paradormancy, endodormancy, and ecodormancy to ensure survival in challenging environmental conditions. Releasing the endodormancy of winter bud results in the first crop yield, while breaking the paradormancy of winter bud allows for the second crop harvest. Hydrogen cyanamide serves as an agent to break endodormancy, which counteracting the inhibitory effects of ABA, while H2O2 and ethylene function as signaling molecules in the process of endodormancy release. In the context of breaking paradormancy, common agronomic practices include short pruning and hydrogen cyanamide treatment. However, the mechanism of hydrogen cyanamide contributes to this process remains unknown. This study confirms that hydrogen cyanamide treatment significantly improved both the speed and uniformity of bud sprouting, while short pruning proved to be an effective method for releasing paradormancy until August. This observation highlights the role of apical dominance as a primary inhibitory factor in suppressing the sprouting of paradormant winter bud. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the sixth node winter bud convert to apical tissue following short pruning and established a polar auxin transport canal through the upregulated expression of VvPIN3 and VvTIR1. Moreover, short pruning induced the generation of reactive oxygen species, and wounding, ethylene, and H2O2 collectively acted as stimulating signals and amplified effects through the MAPK cascade. In contrast, hydrogen cyanamide treatment directly disrupted mitochondrial function, resulting in ROS production and an extended efficacy of the growth hormone signaling pathway induction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guoshun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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17
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Rachowka J, Anielska-Mazur A, Bucholc M, Stephenson K, Kulik A. SnRK2.10 kinase differentially modulates expression of hub WRKY transcription factors genes under salinity and oxidative stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1135240. [PMID: 37621885 PMCID: PMC10445769 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1135240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In nature, all living organisms must continuously sense their surroundings and react to the occurring changes. In the cell, the information about these changes is transmitted to all cellular compartments, including the nucleus, by multiple phosphorylation cascades. Sucrose Non-Fermenting 1 Related Protein Kinases (SnRK2s) are plant-specific enzymes widely distributed across the plant kingdom and key players controlling abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent signaling pathways in the plant response to osmotic stress and salinity. The main deleterious effects of salinity comprise water deficiency stress, disturbances in ion balance, and the accompanying appearance of oxidative stress. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated at the early stages of salt stress are involved in triggering intracellular signaling required for the fast stress response and modulation of gene expression. Here we established in Arabidopsis thaliana that salt stress or induction of ROS accumulation by treatment of plants with H2O2 or methyl viologen (MV) induces the expression of several genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) from the WRKY DNA-Binding Protein (WRKY) family. Their induction by salinity was dependent on SnRK2.10, an ABA non-activated kinase, as it was strongly reduced in snrk2.10 mutants. The effect of ROS was clearly dependent on their source. Following the H2O2 treatment, SnRK2.10 was activated in wild-type (wt) plants and the induction of the WRKY TFs expression was only moderate and was enhanced in snrk2.10 lines. In contrast, MV did not activate SnRK2.10 and the WRKY induction was very strong and was similar in wt and snrk2.10 plants. A bioinformatic analysis indicated that the WRKY33, WRKY40, WRKY46, and WRKY75 transcription factors have a similar target range comprising numerous stress-responsive protein kinases. Our results indicate that the stress-related functioning of SnRK2.10 is fine-tuned by the source and intracellular distribution of ROS and the co-occurrence of other stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anna Kulik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Lee M, Wang L, Yue GH. Transcriptomic Responses of Salvia hispanica to the Infestation of Red Spider Mites ( Tetranychus neocaledonicus). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12261. [PMID: 37569636 PMCID: PMC10418447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia hispanica (chia) is a highly nutritious food source and has gained popularity due to its high omega-3 fatty acid content. Red spider mites are a serious problem in the production of S. hispanica. However, no study has been conducted to analyze the defensive response to the infestation of red spider mites in S. hispanica. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the defensive response of S. hispanica to red spider mites, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of S. hispanica when infested by red spider mites. In the comparative assessment of leaf transcriptomes, a total of 1743 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between control and mite-infested S. hispanica. From these, 1208 (69%) transcripts were upregulated and 535 (31%) were downregulated. The DEGs included transcription factors, defense hormones, and secondary metabolites that were either suppressed or activated in response to spider mite herbivory. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that plant secondary metabolites, such as glucosinolates, and signaling pathways, including the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, may play an important role in the defense against red spider mites. This study provides novel insights into the defense response of S. hispanica to insect herbivory and could be a resource for the improvement of pest resistance in the chia.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Lee
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore (L.W.)
| | - Le Wang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore (L.W.)
| | - Gen Hua Yue
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore (L.W.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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19
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Wang S, Du M, Dong L, Qu R, Ran D, Ma J, Wang X, Xu L, Li W, He Y, Zou X. Function and molecular mechanism analysis of CaLasSDE460 effector involved in the pathogenesis of "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" in citrus. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2023; 3:14. [PMID: 37789492 PMCID: PMC10514941 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CaLas), is the most serious disease worldwide. CaLasSDE460 was previously characterized as a potential virulence factor of CaLas. However, the function and mechanism of CaLasSDE460 involved in CaLas against citrus is still elusive. Here, we showed that transgenic expression of CaLasSDE460 in Wanjincheng oranges (C. sinensis Osbeck) contributed to the early growth of CaLas and the development of symptoms. When the temperature increased from 25 °C to 32 °C, CaLas growth and symptom development in transgenic plants were slower than those in WT controls. RNA-seq analysis of transgenic plants showed that CaLasSDE460 affected multiple biological processes. At 25 °C, transcription activities of the "Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum" and "Cyanoamino acid metabolism" pathways increased while transcription activities of many pathways decreased at 32 °C. 124 and 53 genes, separately annotated to plant-pathogen interaction and MAPK signaling pathways, showed decreased expression at 32 °C, compared with these (38 for plant-pathogen interaction and 17 for MAPK signaling) at 25 °C. Several important genes (MAPKKK14, HSP70b, NCED3 and WRKY33), remarkably affected by CaLasSDE460, were identified. Totally, our data suggested that CaLasSDE460 participated in the pathogenesis of CaLas through interfering transcription activities of citrus defense response and this interfering was temperature-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixia Du
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Dong
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Qu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Danlu Ran
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Ma
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanzhen Xu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Li
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban, Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongrui He
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuping Zou
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban, Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Manna M, Rengasamy B, Sinha AK. Revisiting the role of MAPK signalling pathway in plants and its manipulation for crop improvement. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023. [PMID: 37157977 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important signalling event associated with every aspect of plant growth, development, yield, abiotic and biotic stress adaptation. Being a central metabolic pathway, it is a vital target for manipulation for crop improvement. In this review, we have summarised recent advancements in understanding involvement of MAPK signalling in modulating abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, architecture and yield of plants. MAPK signalling cross talks with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abscisic acid (ABA) signalling events in bringing about abiotic stress adaptation in plants. The intricate involvement of MAPK pathway with plant's pathogen defence ability has also been identified. Further, recent research findings point towards participation of MAPK signalling in shaping plant architecture and yield. These make MAPK pathway an important target for crop improvement and we discuss here various strategies to tweak MAPK signalling components for designing future crops with improved physiology and phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinalini Manna
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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21
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Jeong S, Lim CW, Lee SC. Pepper SnRK2.6-activated MEKK protein CaMEKK23 is directly and indirectly modulated by clade A PP2Cs in response to drought stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:237-251. [PMID: 36565039 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is important for the plant growth and development, in which it plays a key role in the responses to drought stress. Among the core components of ABA signaling, SnRK2s interact with a range of proteins, including Raf-like MAP3Ks. In this study, we isolated the pepper MEKK subfamily member CaMEKK23 that interacts with CaSnRK2.6. CaMEKK23 has kinase activity and is specifically trans-phosphorylated by CaSnRK2.6. Compared with control plants, CaMEKK23-silenced pepper were found to be sensitive to drought stress and insensitive to ABA, whereas overexpression of CaMEKK23 in both pepper and Arabidopsis plants induced the opposite phenotypes. These altered phenotypes were established to be dependent on the kinase activity of CaMEKK23, which was also shown to interact with CaPP2Cs, functioning upstream of CaSnRK2.6. In addition to inhibiting the kinase activity of CaMEKK23, these CaPP2Cs were found to have inhibitory effects on CaSnRK2.6. Using CaMEKK23-, CaAITP1/CaMEKK23-, CaSnRK2.6-, and CaAITP1/CaSnRK2.6-silenced pepper, we revealed that CaMEKK23 and CaSnRK2.6 function downstream of CaAITP1. Collectively, our findings indicate that CaMEKK23 plays a positive regulatory role in the ABA-mediated drought stress responses in pepper plants, and that its phosphorylation status is modulated by CaSnRK2.6 and CaPP2Cs, functioning as core components of ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soongon Jeong
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program), Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Chae Woo Lim
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program), Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lee
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program), Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Korea
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22
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Sun HH, Wang ZZ, Gao YY, Hao GF, Yang GF. Protein Kinases as Potential Targets Contribute to the Development of Agrochemicals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:52-64. [PMID: 36592042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Using agrochemicals against pest insects, fungi, and weeds plays a major part in maintaining and improving crop yields, which helps to solve the issue of food security. Due to the limited targets and resistance of agrochemicals, protein kinases are regarded as attractive potential targets to develop new agrochemicals. Recently, a lot of investigations have shown the extension of agrochemicals by targeting protein kinases, implying an increasing concern for this kind of method. However, few people have summarized and discussed the targetability of protein kinases contributing to the development of agrochemicals. In this work, we introduce the research on protein kinases as potential targets used in crop protection and discuss the prospects of protein kinases in the field of agrochemical development. This study may not only provide guidance for the contribution of protein kinases to the development of agrochemicals but also help nonprofessionals such as students learn and understand the role of protein kinases quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Han Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge-Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
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23
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Tao M, Liu S, Liu A, Li Y, Tian J, Yang B, Zhu W. Integrative Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analyses Revealed the Regulatory Mechanism of the Response to Ultraviolet B Stress in Clematis terniflora DC. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1652-1662. [PMID: 36643485 PMCID: PMC9835548 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Clematis terniflora DC. (C. terniflora) has been used as an ancient Chinese traditional herbal medicine. The active substances in C. terniflora have been confirmed to be effective in treating diseases such as prostatitis. UV light radiation is a common environmental factor that damages plants and influences primary and secondary metabolism. Previous studies showed that ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation followed by dark stress resulted in the accumulation of secondary metabolites in C. terniflora leaves. An in-depth understanding of how C. terniflora leaves respond to UV-B stress is crucial for improving C. terniflora value. Here, we conducted label-free proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses to explore the protein changes under UV-B and UV-B combined with dark treatment. A total of 2839 proteins and 1638 phosphorylated proteins were identified. Integrative omics revealed that the photosynthetic system and carbohydrate balance were modulated under both stresses. The phosphoproteomic data indicated that the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway was triggered, while the abundance of phosphorylated proteins related to osmotic stress was increased under UV-B stress. Differentially abundant phosphoproteins from UV-B followed by dark treatment were mainly enriched in response to stimulus including calcium-mediated proteins. This study provides new insight into the impact of UV-B stress on C. terniflora and plant molecular resistance mechanisms through proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Tao
- College
of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shengzhi Liu
- College
of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Amin Liu
- College
of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yaohan Li
- College
of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- The
Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang
Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Bingxian Yang
- College
of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang
Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- The
Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang
Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
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24
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Romero-Hernandez G, Martinez M. Opposite roles of MAPKKK17 and MAPKKK21 against Tetranychus urticae in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1038866. [PMID: 36570948 PMCID: PMC9768502 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1038866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
After recognizing a biotic stress, plants activate signalling pathways to fight against the attack. Typically, these signalling pathways involve the activation of phosphorylation cascades mediated by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs). In the Arabidopsis thaliana-Tetranychus urticae plant-herbivore model, several Arabidopsis MAP kinases are induced by the mite attack. In this study, we demonstrate the participation of the MEKK-like kinases MAPKKK17 and MAPKKK21. Leaf damage caused by the mite was assessed using T-DNA insertion lines. Differential levels of damage were found when the expression of MAPKKK17 was increased or reduced. In contrast, reduced expression of MAPKKK21 resulted in less damage caused by the mite. Whereas the expression of several genes associated with hormonal responses did not suffer significant variations in the T-DNA insertion lines, the expression of one of these kinases depends on the expression of the other one. In addition, MAPKKK17 and MAPKKK21 are coexpressed with different sets of genes and encode proteins with low similarity in the C-terminal region. Overall, our results demonstrate that MAPKKK17 and MAPKKK21 have opposite roles. MAPKKK17 and MAPKKK21 act as positive and negative regulators, respectively, on the plant response. The induction of MAPKKK17 and MAPKKK21 after mite infestation would be integrated into the bulk of signalling pathways activated to balance the response of the plant to a biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gara Romero-Hernandez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Parmagnani AS, Maffei ME. Calcium Signaling in Plant-Insect Interactions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2689. [PMID: 36297718 PMCID: PMC9609891 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In plant-insect interactions, calcium (Ca2+) variations are among the earliest events associated with the plant perception of biotic stress. Upon herbivory, Ca2+ waves travel long distances to transmit and convert the local signal to a systemic defense program. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+ and electrical signaling are interlinked to form a network supporting rapid signal transmission, whereas the Ca2+ message is decoded and relayed by Ca2+-binding proteins (including calmodulin, Ca2+-dependent protein kinases, annexins and calcineurin B-like proteins). Monitoring the generation of Ca2+ signals at the whole plant or cell level and their long-distance propagation during biotic interactions requires innovative imaging techniques based on sensitive sensors and using genetically encoded indicators. This review summarizes the recent advances in Ca2+ signaling upon herbivory and reviews the most recent Ca2+ imaging techniques and methods.
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26
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Wang L, Guo D, Zhao G, Wang J, Zhang S, Wang C, Guo X. Group IIc WRKY transcription factors regulate cotton resistance to Fusarium oxysporum by promoting GhMKK2-mediated flavonoid biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:249-265. [PMID: 35727190 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are crucial regulators in response to pathogen infection. However, the regulatory mechanisms of WRKY TFs in response to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov), the most devastating pathogen of cotton, remain unclear. Here, transcriptome sequencing indicated that the group IIc WRKY TF subfamily was the most important TF subfamily in response to Fov. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses showed that group IIc WRKY TFs positively regulated cotton resistance to Fov. A series of chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, yeast one-hybrid assay and electrophoresis mobility shift assay experiments indicated that group IIc WRKY TFs directly bound to the promoter of GhMKK2 and regulated its expression. Importantly, a novel mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade composed of GhMKK2, GhNTF6 and GhMYC2 was identified. The functional analysis indicated that group IIc WRKY TFs induced the GhMKK2-GhNTF6 pathway to increase resistance to Fov by upregulating the GhMYC2-mediated expression of several flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes, which led to flavonoid accumulation. In conclusion, our study demonstrated a novel disease defense mechanism by which the WRKY-MAPK pathway promotes flavonoid biosynthesis to defend against pathogen infection. This pathway improves our understanding of the interaction mode between WRKY TFs and MAPK cascades in plant immunity and the vital role of plant flavonoids in pathogen defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Dezheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Guangdong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Shuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
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27
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García-Valle KM, Ruíz-Herrera LF, Ravelo-Ortega G, López-Bucio JS, Guevara-García ÁA, López-Bucio J. MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE PHOSPHATASE 1 mediates root sensing of serotonin through jasmonic acid signaling and modulating reactive oxygen species. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111396. [PMID: 35878696 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) acts as a neurotransmitter in mammals and is widely distributed in the plant kingdom, where it influences root growth and defense. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) play critical functions in decoding hormonal signalling, but their possible roles in mediating serotonin responses await investigation. In this report, we unveiled positive roles for the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE PHOSPHATASE1 (MKP1) in the inhibition of the primary root growth, cell division, meristem structure, and differentiation events in Arabidopsis seedlings. mkp1 mutants were less sensitive to jasmonic acid applications that halted primary root growth in wild-type (WT) plants, and consistently, the neurotransmitter activated the expression of the JASMONATE ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins JAZ1 and JAZ10, two critical proteins orchestrating jasmonic acid signalling. This effect correlated with exacerbated production of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the WT, a process constitutively manifested in mkp1 mutants. These data help to clarify the relationship between serotonin and growth/defense trade-offs, and reveal the importance of the MAPK pathway in root development through ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Monserrat García-Valle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, CP 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - León Francisco Ruíz-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, CP 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo Ravelo-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, CP 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Salvador López-Bucio
- Investigador de Cátedras CONACYT, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Ángel Arturo Guevara-García
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, CP 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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28
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Shi Z, Zhao B, Song W, Liu Y, Zhou M, Wang J, Zhao J, Ren W. Genome-wide identification and characterization of the MAPKKK, MKK, and MPK families in Chinese elite maize inbred line Huangzaosi. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20216. [PMID: 35535627 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MPK) cascades consist of three protein kinase components, MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs), MAPK kinases (MKKs and MPKs), which are indispensable for various plant physiological processes. The functions of MAPK families have been extensively studied in maize (Zea mays L.) and other plant species, but little is known about MAPK families in the elite Chinese maize line Huangzaosi (hzs). In this study, we observed that overall performance of Huangzaosi was substantially better than that of B73 under drought conditions at the seedling and V16 stages with a favorable root/canopy ratio. In silico analyses identified 72, 10, and 24 MAPKKKs, MKKs, and MPKs, respectively, in Huangzaosi. Examinations of phylogenetic relationships among Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., rice (Oryza sativa L.), and maize (lines B73 and hzs), gene structures, conserved protein motifs, and chromosomal locations revealed their evolutionary relationships. The basal gene expression levels and tissue specificities of all three MAPK families in hzs reflected the diversity in the MAPK functions related to growth and development. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay indicated that certain MAPK genes with high basal expression levels in the primary and crown roots responded differentially to drought between B73 and hzs, suggesting that these genes may contribute to their distinct drought tolerance at different developmental stages. The important information regarding the evolution and expression of hzs MAPK family members generated in this study provides a new avenue for the better understanding on the regulatory mechanism of MAPK cascade in the core inbred line hzs, which may be useful to guide the development of new maize cultivars with desirable traits (e.g., drought resistance).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Bingbing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Miaoyi Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jiarong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wen Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
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Kloth KJ, Dicke M. Rapid systemic responses to herbivory. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102242. [PMID: 35696775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid systemic signals travel within the first seconds and minutes after herbivore infestation to mount defense responses in distal tissues. Recent studies have revealed that wound-induced hydraulic pressure changes play an important role in systemic electrical signaling and subsequent calcium and reactive oxygen species waves. These insights raise new questions about signal specificity, the role of insect feeding guild and feeding style and the impact on longer term plant defenses. Here, we integrate the current molecular understanding of wound-induced rapid systemic signaling in the framework of insect-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Kloth
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Zheng S, Liu W, Luo J, Wang L, Zhu X, Gao X, Hua H, Cui J. Helicoverpa armigera herbivory negatively impacts Aphis gossypii populations via inducible metabolic changes. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2357-2369. [PMID: 35254729 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicoverpa armigera and Aphis gossypii are two important insect species that feed on cotton plants. These insects have distinct abilities to induce plant resistance and tolerate plant toxins, which results in interspecific competition imbalance that may be fatal to the low-tolerance A. gossypii and force these insects to develop avoidance behaviors and subsequently separate from their niche. We implemented ecological experiments to test the effects of H. armigera-induced plant resistance and behavioral avoidance in A. gossypii, and employed transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses to reveal changes in resistance genes and metabolites in plants. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that cotton plants induced by H. armigera cause significant inhibitory and avoidance effects on A. gossypii insect populations. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) analysis showed changes in plant resistance induced by H. armigera leading to a decreased feeding efficiency of A. gossypii. In addition, genes associated with jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling pathways were significantly up-regulated in cotton plants after H. armigera induction, which led to a significant up-regulation of metabolites inducing plant resistance. These observations were corroborated by bioactivity analysis on metabolites, which showed that jasmonic acid, gossypol and tannins have significant inhibitory effects on A. gossypii populations. In contrast, methylparaben is associated with avoidance behaviors on A. gossypii populations. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the differences in the ability to induce plant resistance and tolerance between two non-predatory insects were lethal to low-tolerance A. gossypii insects, which might be a major factor determining their niche differentiation. This was further demonstrated by screening anti-insect and bio-hormonal metabolites. Our study provides a reference for investigating the evolutionary relationship between non-predatory insects and insights to implement effective insect biocontrol. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaichao Zheng
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijiao Liu
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Lisha Wang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
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Lee K, Seo PJ. Wound-Induced Systemic Responses and Their Coordination by Electrical Signals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:880680. [PMID: 35665138 PMCID: PMC9158525 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.880680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wounding not only induces the expression of damage-responsive genes, but also initiates physiological changes, such as tissue repair, vascular reconnection, and de novo organogenesis in locally damaged tissues. Wound-induced signals also propagate from the site of wounding to distal organs to elicit a systemic response. Electrical signaling, which is the most conserved type of systemic signaling in eukaryotes, is triggered by wound-induced membrane potential changes. Changes in membrane potential spread toward systemic tissues in synergy with chemical and hydraulic signals. Here, we review current knowledge on wound-induced local and systemic responses in plants. We focus particularly on how wound-activated plasma membrane-localized ion channels and pumps propagate systemic information about wounding to induce downstream molecular responses in distal tissues. Finally, we propose future studies that could lead to a better understanding of plant electrical signals and their role in physiological responses to wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Jalmi SK, Sinha AK. Ambiguities of PGPR-Induced Plant Signaling and Stress Management. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:899563. [PMID: 35633696 PMCID: PMC9136662 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.899563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and stress responses developed by the plant in virtue of the action of PGPR are dictated by the changes in hormone levels and related signaling pathways. Each plant possesses its specific type of microbiota that is shaped by the composition of root exudates and the signal molecules produced by the plant and microbes. Plants convey signals through diverse and complex signaling pathways. The signaling pathways are also controlled by phytohormones wherein they regulate and coordinate various defense responses and developmental stages. On account of improved growth and stress tolerance provided by the PGPR to plants, there exist crosstalk of signaling events between phytohormones and other signaling molecules secreted by the plants and the PGPR. This review discusses some of the important aspects related to the ambiguities of signaling events occurring in plants, allowing the interaction of PGPR with plants and providing stress tolerance to the plant.
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Romero-Hernandez G, Martinez M. Plant Kinases in the Perception and Signaling Networks Associated With Arthropod Herbivory. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:824422. [PMID: 35599859 PMCID: PMC9116192 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.824422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The success in the response of plants to environmental stressors depends on the regulatory networks that connect plant perception and plant response. In these networks, phosphorylation is a key mechanism to activate or deactivate the proteins involved. Protein kinases are responsible for phosphorylations and play a very relevant role in transmitting the signals. Here, we review the present knowledge on the contribution of protein kinases to herbivore-triggered responses in plants, with a focus on the information related to the regulated kinases accompanying herbivory in Arabidopsis. A meta-analysis of transcriptomic responses revealed the importance of several kinase groups directly involved in the perception of the attacker or typically associated with the transmission of stress-related signals. To highlight the importance of these protein kinase families in the response to arthropod herbivores, a compilation of previous knowledge on their members is offered. When available, this information is compared with previous findings on their role against pathogens. Besides, knowledge of their homologous counterparts in other plant-herbivore interactions is provided. Altogether, these observations resemble the complexity of the kinase-related mechanisms involved in the plant response. Understanding how kinase-based pathways coordinate in response to a specific threat remains a major challenge for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gara Romero-Hernandez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Yan W, Cao S, Wu Y, Ye Z, Zhang C, Yao G, Yu J, Yang D, Zhang J. Integrated Analysis of Physiological, mRNA Sequencing, and miRNA Sequencing Data Reveals a Specific Mechanism for the Response to Continuous Cropping Obstacles in Pogostemon cablin Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:853110. [PMID: 35432413 PMCID: PMC9010791 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.853110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pogostemon cablin (patchouli) is a commercially important medicinal and industrial crop grown worldwide for its medicinal and aromatic properties. Patchoulol and pogostone, derived from the essential oil of patchouli, are considered valuable components in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Due to its high application value in the clinic and industry, the demand for patchouli is constantly growing. Unfortunately, patchouli cultivation has suffered due to severe continuous cropping obstacles, resulting in a significant decline in yield and quality. Moreover, the physiological and transcriptional changes in patchouli in response to continuous cropping obstacles remain unclear. This has greatly restricted the development of the patchouli industry. To explore the mechanism underlying the rapid response of patchouli roots to continuous cropping stress, integrated analysis of the transcriptome and miRNA profiles of patchouli roots under continuous and noncontinuous cropping conditions in different growth periods was conducted using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and miRNA-seq and complemented with physiological data. The physiological and biochemical results showed that continuous cropping significantly inhibited root growth, decreased root activity, and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) and the levels of osmoregulators (malondialdehyde, soluble protein, soluble sugar, and proline). Subsequently, we found 4,238, 3,494, and 7,290 upregulated and 4,176, 3,202, and 8,599 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the three growth periods of continuously cropped patchouli, many of which were associated with primary carbon and nitrogen metabolism, defense responses, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and transcription factors. Based on miRNA-seq, 927 known miRNAs and 130 novel miRNAs were identified, among which 67 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMIs) belonging to 24 miRNA families were induced or repressed by continuous cropping. By combining transcriptome and miRNA profiling, we obtained 47 miRNA-target gene pairs, consisting of 18 DEMIs and 43 DEGs, that likely play important roles in the continuous cropping response of patchouli. The information provided in this study will contribute to clarifying the intricate mechanism underlying the patchouli response to continuous cropping obstacles. In addition, the candidate miRNAs and genes can provide a new strategy for breeding continuous cropping-tolerant patchouli.
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35
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Substrate Identification in Plant Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052744. [PMID: 35269886 PMCID: PMC8911294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) form tightly controlled signaling cascades that play essential roles in plant growth, development, and defense response. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying MAPK cascades are still very elusive, largely because of our poor understanding of how they relay the signals. The MAPK cascade is composed of MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK. They transfer signals through the phosphorylation of MAPKKK, MAPKK, and MAPK in turn. MAPKs are organized into a complex network for efficient transmission of specific stimuli. This review summarizes the research progress in recent years on the classification and functions of MAPK cascades under various conditions in plants, especially the research status and general methods available for identifying MAPK substrates, and provides suggestions for future research directions.
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(De)Activation (Ir)Reversibly or Degradation: Dynamics of Post-Translational Protein Modifications in Plants. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020324. [PMID: 35207610 PMCID: PMC8874572 DOI: 10.3390/life12020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing dynamic functions of post-translational modifications (PTMs) within protein molecules present outstanding challenges for plant biology even at this present day. Protein PTMs are among the first and fastest plant responses to changes in the environment, indicating that the mechanisms and dynamics of PTMs are an essential area of plant biology. Besides being key players in signaling, PTMs play vital roles in gene expression, gene, and protein localization, protein stability and interactions, as well as enzyme kinetics. In this review, we take a broader but concise approach to capture the current state of events in the field of plant PTMs. We discuss protein modifications including citrullination, glycosylation, phosphorylation, oxidation and disulfide bridges, N-terminal, SUMOylation, and ubiquitination. Further, we outline the complexity of studying PTMs in relation to compartmentalization and function. We conclude by challenging the proteomics community to engage in holistic approaches towards identification and characterizing multiple PTMs on the same protein, their interaction, and mechanism of regulation to bring a deeper understanding of protein function and regulation in plants.
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Sun T, Zhang Y. MAP kinase cascades in plant development and immune signaling. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53817. [PMID: 35041234 PMCID: PMC8811656 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are important signaling modules regulating diverse biological processes. During the past 20 years, much progress has been made on the functions of MAPK cascades in plants. This review summarizes the roles of MAPKs, known MAPK substrates, and our current understanding of MAPK cascades in plant development and innate immunity. In addition, recent findings on the molecular links connecting surface receptors to MAPK cascades and the mechanisms underlying MAPK signaling specificity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjun Sun
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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Zhu F, Wang Z, Su W, Tong J, Fang Y, Luo Z, Yuan F, Xiang J, Chen X, Wang R. Study on the Role of Salicylic Acid in Watermelon-Resistant Fusarium Wilt under Different Growth Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:293. [PMID: 35161274 PMCID: PMC8839013 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium wilt disease is leading threat to watermelon yield and quality. Different cultivation cropping systems have been reported as safe and efficient methods to control watermelon Fusarium wilt. However, the role of salicylic acid (SA) in watermelon resistance to Fusarium wilt in these different cultivation systems remains unknown. METHODS in this experiment, we used RNA-seq and qRT-PCR to study the effect of SA biosynthesis on improving watermelon health, demonstrating how it may be responsible for Fusarium wilt resistance under continuous monocropping and oilseed rape rotation systems. RESULTS the results revealed that the expression of the CIPALs genes was key to SA accumulation in watermelon roots. We observed that the NPR family genes may play different roles in responding to the SA signal. Differentially expressed NPRs and WRKYs may interact with other phytohormones, leading to the amelioration of watermelon Fusarium wilt. CONCLUSIONS further understanding of gene expression patterns will pave the way for interventions that effectively control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiying Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (F.Z.); (J.T.); (F.Y.); (J.X.)
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Hunan Agricultural Equipment Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
| | - Wenjun Su
- Zhuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zhuzhou 412007, China;
| | - Jianhua Tong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (F.Z.); (J.T.); (F.Y.); (J.X.)
| | - Yong Fang
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Zhengliang Luo
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Fan Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (F.Z.); (J.T.); (F.Y.); (J.X.)
| | - Jing Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (F.Z.); (J.T.); (F.Y.); (J.X.)
| | - Xi Chen
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Ruozhong Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (F.Z.); (J.T.); (F.Y.); (J.X.)
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Zhu F, Wang Z, Fang Y, Tong J, Xiang J, Yang K, Wang R. Study on the Role of Phytohormones in Resistance to Watermelon Fusarium Wilt. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11020156. [PMID: 35050045 PMCID: PMC8781552 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt disease is one of the major diseases causing a decline in watermelon yield and quality. Researches have informed that phytohormones play essential roles in regulating plants growth, development, and stress defendants. However, the molecular mechanism of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and abscisic acid (ABA) in resistance to watermelon Fusarium wilt remains unknown. In this experiment, we established the SA, JA, and ABA determination system in watermelon roots, and analyzed their roles in against watermelon Fusarium wilt compared to the resistant and susceptible varieties using transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR. Our results revealed that the up-regulated expression of Cla97C09G174770, Cla97C05G089520, Cla97C05G081210, Cla97C04G071000, and Cla97C10G198890 genes in resistant variety were key factors against (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum) FON infection at 7 dpi. Additionally, there might be crosstalk between SA, JA, and ABA, caused by those differentially expressed (non-pathogen-related) NPRs, (Jasmonate-resistant) JAR, and (Pyrabactin resistance 1-like) PYLs genes, to trigger the plant immune system against FON infection. Overall, our results provide a theoretical basis for watermelon resistance breeding, in which phytohormones participate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiying Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (F.Z.); (J.T.); (J.X.)
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.W.); (K.Y.)
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.W.); (K.Y.)
| | - Yong Fang
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.W.); (K.Y.)
| | - Jianhua Tong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (F.Z.); (J.T.); (J.X.)
| | - Jing Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (F.Z.); (J.T.); (J.X.)
| | - Kankan Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.W.); (K.Y.)
| | - Ruozhong Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (F.Z.); (J.T.); (J.X.)
- Correspondence:
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Zeng WY, Tan YR, Long SF, Sun ZD, Lai ZG, Yang SZ, Chen HZ, Qing XY. Methylome and transcriptome analyses of soybean response to bean pyralid larvae. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:836. [PMID: 34794392 PMCID: PMC8603512 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bean pyralid is one of the major leaf-feeding insects that affect soybean crops. DNA methylation can control the networks of gene expressions, and it plays an important role in responses to biotic stress. However, at present the genome-wide DNA methylation profile of the soybean resistance to bean pyralid has not been reported so far. RESULTS Using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), we analyzed the highly resistant material (Gantai-2-2, HRK) and highly susceptible material (Wan82-178, HSK), under bean pyralid larvae feeding 0 h and 48 h, to clarify the molecular mechanism of the soybean resistance and explore its insect-resistant genes. We identified 2194, 6872, 39,704 and 40,018 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), as well as 497, 1594, 9596 and 9554 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in the HRK0/HRK48, HSK0/HSK48, HSK0/HRK0 and HSK48/HRK48 comparisons, respectively. Through the analysis of global methylation and transcription, 265 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were negatively correlated with DMGs, there were 34, 49, 141 and 116 negatively correlated genes in the HRK0/HRK48, HSK0/HSK48, HSK0/HRK0 and HSK48/HRK48, respectively. The MapMan cluster analysis showed that 114 negatively correlated genes were clustered in 24 pathways, such as protein biosynthesis and modification; primary metabolism; secondary metabolism; cell cycle, cell structure and component; RNA biosynthesis and processing, and so on. Moreover, CRK40; CRK62; STK; MAPK9; L-type lectin-domain containing receptor kinase VIII.2; CesA; CSI1; fimbrin-1; KIN-14B; KIN-14 N; KIN-4A; cytochrome P450 81E8; BEE1; ERF; bHLH25; bHLH79; GATA26, were likely regulatory genes involved in the soybean responses to bean pyralid larvae. Finally, 5 DMRs were further validated that the genome-wide DNA data were reliable through PS-PCR and 5 DEGs were confirmed the relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression by qRT-PCR. The results showed an excellent agreement with deep sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Genome-wide DNA methylation profile of soybean response to bean pyralid was obtained for the first time. Several specific DMGs which participated in protein kinase, cell and organelle, flavonoid biosynthesis and transcription factor were further identified to be likely associated with soybean response to bean pyralid. Our data will provide better understanding of DNA methylation alteration and their potential role in soybean insect resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ying Zeng
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Yu-Rong Tan
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Sheng-Feng Long
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Zu-Dong Sun
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Zhen-Guang Lai
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Shou-Zhen Yang
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Huai-Zhu Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Xia-Yan Qing
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
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41
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Son S, Kwon M, Im JH. A New Approach for Wounding Research: MYC2 Gene Expression and Protein Stability in Wounded Arabidopsis Protoplasts. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081518. [PMID: 34451563 PMCID: PMC8399638 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Wounding is a constant threat to plant survival throughout their lifespan; therefore, understanding the biological responses to wounds at the cellular level is important. The protoplast system is versatile for molecular biology, however, no wounding studies on this system have been reported. We established a new approach for wounding research using mechanically damaged Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts. Wounded protoplasts showed typical wounding responses, such as increased MPK6 kinase activity and upregulated JAZ1 expression. We also assessed expression profiles and protein stability of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MYC2 in wounded protoplasts. Promoter activity, gene expression, and protein stability of MYC2 were compromised, but recovered in the early stage of wounding. In the late stage, the promoter activity and expression of MYC2 were increased, but the protein stability was not changed. According to the results of the present study, this new cell-based approach will be of use in various molecular studies on plant wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Son
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136701, Korea;
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Miye Kwon
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute (JBRI), Jeju Technopark (JTP), Jeju 63608, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (J.H.I.); Tel.: +82-64-720-2817 (M.K.); +1-517-353-0458 (J.H.I.)
| | - Jong Hee Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136701, Korea;
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (J.H.I.); Tel.: +82-64-720-2817 (M.K.); +1-517-353-0458 (J.H.I.)
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42
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Shi L, Zhang K, Xie L, Yang M, Xie B, He S, Liu Z. The Pepper Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase CaMAPK7 Acts as a Positive Regulator in Response to Ralstonia solanacearum Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:664926. [PMID: 34295316 PMCID: PMC8290481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.664926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways play a vital role in multiple plant processes, including growth, development, and stress signaling, but their involvement in response to Ralstonia solanacearum is poorly understood, particularly in pepper plants. Herein, CaMAPK7 was identified from the pepper genome and functionally analyzed. The accumulations of CaMAPK7 transcripts and promoter activities were both significantly induced in response to R. solanacearum strain FJC100301 infection, and exogenously applied phytohormones, including methyl jasmonate (MeJA), brassinolide (BR), salicylic acid (SA), and ethephon (ETN), were decreased by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CaMAPK7 significantly enhanced the susceptibility of pepper plants to infection by R. solanacearum and downregulated the defense-related marker genes, including CaDEF1, CaPO2, CaSAR82A, and CaWRKY40. In contrast, the ectopic overexpression of CaMAPK7 in transgenic tobacco enhanced resistance to R. solanacearum and upregulated the defense-associated marker genes, including NtHSR201, NtHSR203, NtPR4, PR1a/c, NtPR1b, NtCAT1, and NtACC. Furthermore, transient overexpression of CaMAPK7 in pepper leaves triggered intensive hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death, H2O2 accumulation, and enriched CaWRKY40 at the promoters of its target genes and drove their transcript accumulations, including CaDEF1, CaPO2, and CaSAR82A. Taken together, these data indicate that R. solanacearum infection induced the expression of CaMAPK7, which indirectly modifies the binding of CaWRKY40 to its downstream targets, including CaDEF1, CaPO2, and CaSAR82A, ultimately leading to the activation of pepper immunity against R. solanacearum. The protein that responds to CaMAPK7 in pepper plants should be isolated in the future to build a signaling bridge between CaMAPK7 and CaWRKY40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanping Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linjing Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baixue Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuilin He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Wei X, Mira A, Yu Q, Gmitter FG. The Mechanism of Citrus Host Defense Response Repression at Early Stages of Infection by Feeding of Diaphorina citri Transmitting Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:635153. [PMID: 34168662 PMCID: PMC8218908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating disease of citrus, presumably caused by "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CaLas). Although transcriptomic profiling of HLB-affected citrus plants has been studied extensively, the initial steps in pathogenesis have not been fully understood. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to compare very early transcriptional changes in the response of Valencia sweet orange (VAL) to CaLas after being fed by the vector, Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid, or ACP). The results suggest the existence of a delayed defense reaction against the infective vector in VAL, while the attack by the healthy vector prompted immediate and substantial transcriptomic changes that led to the rapid erection of active defenses. Moreover, in the presence of CaLas-infected psyllids, several downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified on the pathways, such as signaling, transcription factor, hormone, defense, and photosynthesis-related pathways at 1 day post-infestation (dpi). Surprisingly, a burst of DEGs (6,055) was detected at 5 dpi, including both upregulated and downregulated DEGs on the defense-related and secondary metabolic pathways, and severely downregulated DEGs on the photosynthesis-related pathways. Very interestingly, a significant number of those downregulated DEGs required ATP binding for the activation of phosphate as substrate; meanwhile, abundant highly upregulated DEGs were detected on the ATP biosynthetic and glycolytic pathways. These findings highlight the energy requirement of CaLas virulence processes. The emerging picture is that CaLas not only employs virulence strategies to subvert the host cell immunity, but the fast-replicating CaLas also actively rewires host cellular metabolic pathways to obtain the necessary energy and molecular building blocks to support virulence and the replication process. Taken together, the very early response of citrus to the CaLas, vectored by infective ACP, was evaluated for the first time, thus allowing the changes in gene expression relating to the primary mechanisms of susceptibility and host-pathogen interactions to be studied, and without the secondary effects caused by the development of complex whole plant symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wei
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Amany Mira
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Qibin Yu
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Fred G. Gmitter
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
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44
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Arimura GI. Making Sense of the Way Plants Sense Herbivores. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:288-298. [PMID: 33277185 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants are constantly threatened by herbivore attacks and must devise survival strategies. Some plants sense and respond to elicitors including specific molecules secreted by herbivores and molecules that are innate to plants. Elicitors activate diverse arrays of plant defense mechanisms that confer resistance to the predator. Recent new insights into the cellular pathways by which plants sense elicitors and elicit defense responses against herbivores are opening doors to a myriad of agricultural applications. This review focuses on the machinery of herbivory-sensing and on cellular and systemic/airborne signaling via elicitors, exemplified by the model case of interactions between Arabidopsis hosts and moths of the genus Spodoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Ichiro Arimura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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45
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Lin L, Wu J, Jiang M, Wang Y. Plant Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascades in Environmental Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041543. [PMID: 33546499 PMCID: PMC7913722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to global warming and population growth, plants need to rescue themselves, especially in unfavorable environments, to fulfill food requirements because they are sessile organisms. Stress signal sensing is a crucial step that determines the appropriate response which, ultimately, determines the survival of plants. As important signaling modules in eukaryotes, plant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play a key role in regulating responses to the following four major environmental stresses: high salinity, drought, extreme temperature and insect and pathogen infections. MAPK cascades are involved in responses to these environmental stresses by regulating the expression of related genes, plant hormone production and crosstalk with other environmental stresses. In this review, we describe recent major studies investigating MAPK-mediated environmental stress responses. We also highlight the diverse function of MAPK cascades in environmental stress. These findings help us understand the regulatory network of MAPKs under environmental stress and provide another strategy to improve stress resistance in crops to ensure food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China;
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China;
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Mingyi Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Youping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China;
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.W.)
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46
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Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of MKK and MAPK Gene Families in Brassica Species and Response to Stress in Brassica napus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020544. [PMID: 33430412 PMCID: PMC7827818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are common and conserved signal transduction pathways and play important roles in various biotic and abiotic stress responses and growth and developmental processes in plants. With the advancement of sequencing technology, more systematic genetic information is being explored. The work presented here focuses on two protein families in Brassica species: MAPK kinases (MKKs) and their phosphorylation substrates MAPKs. Forty-seven MKKs and ninety-two MAPKs were identified and extensively analyzed from two tetraploid (B. juncea and B. napus) and three diploid (B. nigra, B. oleracea, and B. rapa) Brassica species. Phylogenetic relationships clearly distinguished both MKK and MAPK families into four groups, labeled A–D, which were also supported by gene structure and conserved protein motif analysis. Furthermore, their spatial and temporal expression patterns and response to stresses (cold, drought, heat, and shading) were analyzed, indicating that BnaMKK and BnaMAPK transcript levels were generally modulated by growth, development, and stress signals. In addition, several protein interaction pairs between BnaMKKs and C group BnaMAPKs were detected by yeast two-hybrid assays, in which BnaMKK3 and BnaMKK9 showed strong interactions with BnaMAPK1/2/7, suggesting that interaction between BnaMKKs and C group BnaMAPKs play key roles in the crosstalk between growth and development processes and abiotic stresses. Taken together, our data provide a deeper foundation for the evolutionary and functional characterization of MKK and MAPK gene families in Brassica species, paving the way for unraveling the biological roles of these important signaling molecules in plants.
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47
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Vega-Muñoz I, Duran-Flores D, Fernández-Fernández ÁD, Heyman J, Ritter A, Stael S. Breaking Bad News: Dynamic Molecular Mechanisms of Wound Response in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:610445. [PMID: 33363562 PMCID: PMC7752953 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.610445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Recognition and repair of damaged tissue are an integral part of life. The failure of cells and tissues to appropriately respond to damage can lead to severe dysfunction and disease. Therefore, it is essential that we understand the molecular pathways of wound recognition and response. In this review, we aim to provide a broad overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the fate of damaged cells and damage recognition in plants. Damaged cells release the so-called damage associated molecular patterns to warn the surrounding tissue. Local signaling through calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hormones, such as jasmonic acid, activates defense gene expression and local reinforcement of cell walls to seal off the wound and prevent evaporation and pathogen colonization. Depending on the severity of damage, Ca2+, ROS, and electrical signals can also spread throughout the plant to elicit a systemic defense response. Special emphasis is placed on the spatiotemporal dimension in order to obtain a mechanistic understanding of wound signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Vega-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Dalia Duran-Flores
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Álvaro Daniel Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jefri Heyman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrés Ritter
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Stael
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
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48
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Abulfaraj AA. Stepwise signal transduction cascades under salt stress in leaves of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1807408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aala Abdulaziz Abulfaraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science and Arts College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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49
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Hõrak H. Defense, Fast and Slow: Activation of Different MAPK Pathways in Response to Wounding. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1788-1789. [PMID: 32284346 PMCID: PMC7268799 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Hõrak
- Institute of TechnologyUniversity of Tartu, Estonia
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