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Tourbez C, Gómez-Martínez C, González-Estévez MÁ, Lázaro A. Pollen analysis reveals the effects of uncovered interactions, pollen-carrying structures, and pollinator sex on the structure of wild bee-plant networks. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:971-988. [PMID: 37681316 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Pollination networks are increasingly used to model the complexity of interactions between pollinators and flowering plants in communities. Different methods exist to sample these interactions, with direct observations of plant-pollinator contacts in the field being by far the most common. Although the identification of pollen carried by pollinators allows uncovering interactions and increasing sample sizes, the methods used to build pollen-transport networks are variable and their effect on network structure remains unclear. To understand how interaction sampling influences the structure of networks, we analyzed the pollen found on wild bees from eight communities across Mallorca Island and investigated the differences in pollen loads between bee body parts (scopa vs. body) and sexes. We then assessed how these differences, as well as the uncovered interactions not detected in the field, influenced the structure of wild bee-plant networks. We identified a higher quantity and diversity of pollen in the scopa than in the rest of the female body, but these differences did not lead to differences in structure between plant-pollination (excluding scopa pollen) and bee-feeding interaction (including scopa pollen) networks. However, networks built with pollen data were richer in plant species and interactions and showed lower modularity and specialization (H2'), and higher nestedness than visitation networks based on field observations. Female interactions with plants were stronger compared to those of males, although not richer. Accordingly, females were more generalist (low d') and tended to be more central in interaction networks, indicating their more key role structuring pollination networks in comparison to males. Our study highlights the importance of palynological data to increase the resolution of networks, as well as to understand important ecological questions such as the differences between plant-pollination and bee-feeding interaction networks, and the role of sexes in pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Tourbez
- Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (UIB-CSIC), Global Change Research Group, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Carmelo Gómez-Martínez
- Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (UIB-CSIC), Global Change Research Group, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Estévez
- Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (UIB-CSIC), Global Change Research Group, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Amparo Lázaro
- Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (UIB-CSIC), Global Change Research Group, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Department of Biology, Ecology Area, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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Zhao J, Li Y, Wang X, Li M, Yu W, Chen J, Zhang L. Parasite-host network analysis provides insights into the evolution of two mistletoe lineages (Loranthaceae and Santalaceae). PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:702-711. [PMID: 38197012 PMCID: PMC10772182 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Mistletoes are ecologically important parasitic plants, with > 1600 species from five lineages worldwide. Mistletoe lineages exhibit distinct patterns of species diversification and host specificity, however, the mechanisms underlying these differences are poorly understood. In this study, we analysed a comprehensive parasite-host network, including 280 host species from 60 families and 22 mistletoe species from two lineages (Santalaceae and Loranthaceae) in Xishuangbanna, located in a biodiversity hotspot of tropical Asia. We identified the factors that predict the infection strength of mistletoes. We also detected host specificity and the phylogenetic signal of mistletoes and their hosts. We found that this interaction network could be largely explained by a model based on the relative abundance of species. Host infection was positively correlated with diameter at breast height and tree coverage, but negatively correlated with wood density. Overall, closely related mistletoe species tend to interact more often with similar hosts. However, the two lineages showed a significantly different network pattern. Rates of host generality were higher in Loranthaceae than in Santalaceae, although neither lineage showed phylogenetic signal for host generality. This study demonstrates that the neutral interaction hypothesis provides suitable predictions of the mistletoe-host interaction network, and mistletoe species show significant phylogenetic signals for their hosts. Our findings also indicate that high species diversification in Loranthaceae may be explained by high rates of host generality and the evolutionary history shared by Loranthaceae species with diverse host plants in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanjie Li
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuanni Wang
- Linnaeus Labs Technology Co., Ltd, Wuyuan 333200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Manru Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenbin Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
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López-Segoviano G, Arenas-Navarro M, Nuñez-Rosas LE, Arizmendi MDC. Implications of dominance hierarchy on hummingbird-plant interactions in a temperate forest in Northwestern Mexico. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16245. [PMID: 37868051 PMCID: PMC10588686 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The structuring of plant-hummingbird networks can be explained by multiple factors, including species abundance (i.e., the neutrality hypothesis), matching of bill and flower morphology, phenological overlap, phylogenetic constraints, and feeding behavior. The importance of complementary morphology and phenological overlap on the hummingbird-plant network has been extensively studied, while the importance of hummingbird behavior has received less attention. In this work, we evaluated the relative importance of species abundance, morphological matching, and floral energy content in predicting the frequency of hummingbird-plant interactions. Then, we determined whether the hummingbird species' dominance hierarchy is associated with modules within the network. Moreover, we evaluated whether hummingbird specialization (d') is related to bill morphology (bill length and curvature) and dominance hierarchy. Finally, we determined whether generalist core hummingbird species are lees dominant in the community. We recorded plant-hummingbird interactions and behavioral dominance of hummingbird species in a temperate forest in Northwestern Mexico (El Palmito, Mexico). We measured flowers' corolla length and nectar traits and hummingbirds' weight and bill traits. We recorded 2,272 interactions among 13 hummingbird and 10 plant species. The main driver of plant-hummingbird interactions was species abundance, consistent with the neutrality interaction theory. Hummingbird specialization was related to dominance and bill length, but not to bill curvature of hummingbird species. However, generalist core hummingbird species (species that interact with many plant species) were less dominant. The frequency of interactions between hummingbirds and plants was determined by the abundance of hummingbirds and their flowers, and the dominance of hummingbird species determined the separation of the different modules and specialization. Our study suggests that abundance and feeding behavior may play an important role in North America's hummingbird-plant networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel López-Segoviano
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES), Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Maribel Arenas-Navarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Laura E. Nuñez-Rosas
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María del Coro Arizmendi
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
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Palaoro AV, Gole AR, Sun Y, Puchalski A, Beard CE, Adler PH, Kornev KG. Wettability and morphology of proboscises interweave with hawkmoth evolutionary history. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245699. [PMID: 37724664 PMCID: PMC10617603 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Hovering hawkmoths expend significant energy while feeding, which should select for greater feeding efficiency. Although increased feeding efficiency has been implicitly assumed, it has never been assessed. We hypothesized that hawkmoths have proboscises specialized for gathering nectar passively. Using contact angle and capillary pressure to evaluate capillary action of the proboscis, we conducted a comparative analysis of wetting and absorption properties for 13 species of hawkmoths. We showed that all 13 species have a hydrophilic proboscis. In contradistinction, the proboscises of all other tested lepidopteran species have a wetting dichotomy with only the distal ∼10% hydrophilic. Longer proboscises are more wettable, suggesting that species of hawkmoths with long proboscises are more efficient at acquiring nectar by the proboscis surface than are species with shorter proboscises. All hawkmoth species also show strong capillary pressure, which, together with the feeding behaviors we observed, ensures that nectar will be delivered to the food canal efficiently. The patterns we found suggest that different subfamilies of hawkmoths use different feeding strategies. Our comparative approach reveals that hawkmoths are unique among Lepidoptera and highlights the importance of considering the physical characteristics of the proboscis to understand the evolution and diversification of hawkmoths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre V. Palaoro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Akshata R. Gole
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Yueming Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Adam Puchalski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Charles E. Beard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Peter H. Adler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Konstantin G. Kornev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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5
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Albuquerque-Lima S, Domingos-Melo A, Milet-Pinheiro P, Navarro DMDOAF, Taylor NP, Zappi DC, Machado IC. The iconic cactus of the Caatinga dry forest, Cereus jamacaru (Cactaceae) has high sphingophily specialization and pollinator dependence. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20220460. [PMID: 37646712 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereus jamacaru is a cactus distributed in Northeastern Brazil, with high symbolic value to this region. However, the interaction, behavior and the role of pollinators remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the reproductive biology, addressing the ecological significance of floral attributes, including details about floral signaling. The study was carried at three areas of the Caatinga, in 2015, 2017 and 2021. We analyzed the floral morphometry, volume and concentration of the nectar, and characterized the colour and scent of flowers. Additionally, we described the pollinator behavior and performed controlled pollination experiments. The 'Mandacaru' is self-incompatible, has nocturnal anthesis and the nectar is accumulated as droplets in a long hypanthial tube. The flowers have a reflective pattern with a dark outer surface and a white inner surface. (E)-nerolidol is the major component (87.4%) of its floral perfume. We registered the sphingid moth Cocytius antaeus visiting the flowers. The floral attributes, attractants and rewards drives to a sphingophily, and the pollination treatments showed the dependence to fruit set by C. antaeus, the pollinator registered. In this case, if the apparent lack of pollinator diversity encompasses its entire range, the loss of the hawkmoth could severely impact the reproductive success of the cactus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinzinando Albuquerque-Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Biologia Floral e Reprodutiva - POLINIZAR, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Arthur Domingos-Melo
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Ecologia, Campus Petrolina, Rodovia BR 203, Km 2, s/n, Vila Eduardo, 56328-900 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Milet-Pinheiro
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Ecologia, Campus Petrolina, Rodovia BR 203, Km 2, s/n, Vila Eduardo, 56328-900 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Daniela Maria DO Amaral Ferraz Navarro
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Nigel P Taylor
- University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar Botanic Gardens Campus, 'The Alameda', Red Sands Road, PO Box 843, Gibraltar GX11 1AA
| | - Daniela C Zappi
- Universidade de Brasília, Secretaria da Coordenação de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Caixa Postal 04457, 70919-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Isabel C Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Biologia Floral e Reprodutiva - POLINIZAR, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
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6
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Diniz UM, Aguiar LMDS. The interplay between spatiotemporal overlap and morphology as determinants of microstructure suggests no 'perfect fit' in a bat-flower network. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2737. [PMID: 36792891 PMCID: PMC9932087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-pollinator interactions in diverse tropical communities are often predicted by a combination of ecological variables, yet the interaction drivers between flower-visiting bats and plants at the community level are poorly understood. We assembled a network between Neotropical bats and flowering plants to describe its macrostructure and to test the role of neutral and niche variables in predicting microstructure. We found a moderately generalized network with internally nested modules comprising functionally similar plant and bat species. Modules grouped bats and plants with matching degrees of specialization but had considerable overlap in species morphologies and several inter-module interactions. The spatiotemporal overlap between species, closely followed by morphology, and not abundance, were the best predictors of microstructure, with functional groups of bats also interacting more frequently with plants in certain vegetation types (e.g., frugivores within forests) and seasons (e.g., long-snouted nectarivores in the dry season). Therefore, flower-visiting bats appear to have species-specific niche spaces delimited not only by their ability to exploit certain flower types but also by preferred foraging habitats and the timing of resource availability. The prominent role of resource dissimilarity across vegetation types and seasons likely reflects the heterogeneity of Neotropical savannas, and further research in biomes beyond the Cerrado is needed to better understand the complexity of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Mendes Diniz
- Plant-Insect Interactions, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany. .,Graduate Program in Ecology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Ludmilla Moura de Souza Aguiar
- grid.7632.00000 0001 2238 5157Graduate Program in Ecology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil ,grid.7632.00000 0001 2238 5157Zoology Department, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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7
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Reinwald C, Bauder JA, Karolyi F, Neulinger M, Jaros S, Metscher B, Krenn HW. Evolutionary functional morphology of the proboscis and feeding apparatus of hawk moths (Sphingidae: Lepidoptera). J Morphol 2022; 283:1390-1410. [PMID: 36059242 PMCID: PMC9825987 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of the proboscis and associated feeding organs was studied in several nectar-feeding hawk moths, as well as a specialized honey-feeder and two supposedly nonfeeding species. The proboscis lengths ranged from a few millimeters to more than 200 mm. Despite the variation in proboscis length and feeding strategy, the principle external and internal composition of the galeae, the stipes pump, and the suction pump were similar across all species. The morphology of the smooth and slender proboscis is highly conserved among all lineages of nectar-feeding Sphingidae. Remarkably, they share a typical arrangement of the sensilla at the tip. The number and length of sensilla styloconica are independent from proboscis length. A unique proboscis morphology was found in the honey-feeding species Acherontia atropos. Here, the distinctly pointed apex displays a large subterminal opening of the food canal, and thus characterizes a novel type of piercing proboscis in Lepidoptera. In the probably nonfeeding species, the rudimentary galeae are not interlocked and the apex lacks sensilla styloconica; galeal muscles, however, are present. All studied species demonstrate an identical anatomy of the stipes, and suction pump, regardless of proboscis length and diet. Even supposedly nonfeeding Sphingidae possess all organs of the feeding apparatus, suggesting that their proboscis rudiments might still be functional. The morphometric analyses indicate significant positive correlations between galea lumen volume and stipes muscle volume as well as the volume of the food canal and the muscular volume of the suction pump. Size correlations of these functionally connected organs reflect morphological fine-tuning in the evolution of proboscis length and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Florian Karolyi
- Department of Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Sarah Jaros
- Department of Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Brian Metscher
- Department of Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Harald W. Krenn
- Department of Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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8
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Amorim FW, Marino S, Sanz‐Veiga PA, Ollerton J, Oliveira PE. Short flowers for long tongues: Functional specialization in a nocturnal pollination network of an asclepiad in long‐tongued hawkmoths. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe W. Amorim
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações (LEPI) Programa de Pós‐graduação em Botânica Programa de Pós‐graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Salvador Marino
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| | - Priscila Andre Sanz‐Veiga
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações (LEPI) Programa de Pós‐graduação em Botânica Programa de Pós‐graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Jeff Ollerton
- Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology University of Northampton Northampton UK
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Smith GP, Davidowitz G, Alarcón R, Papaj DR, Bronstein JL. Sex differences in the foraging behavior of a generalist hawkmoth. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:304-314. [PMID: 33908191 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Within-species variation in pollinator behavior is widely observed, but its causes have been minimally investigated. Pollinator sex is associated with large differences in behavior that may lead to predictable differences in flower foraging, but this expectation has not been explicitly tested. We investigate sex-associated differences in nectar-foraging behavior of the hawkmoth Hyles lineata, using pollen on the proboscis as a proxy for flower visitation. We tested two predictions emerging from the literature: (1) the sexes differ in the flower species they visit, (2) females are more specialized in flower choice. We also examined potential drivers underlying these predictions by performing field and laboratory experiments to test whether males (3) switch among flower species more frequently, or (4) fly farther and therefore encounter more species than females. Consistent with prediction (1), pollen load composition differed between the sexes, indicative of visitation differences. Contrary to prediction (2), females consistently carried more species-rich pollen loads than males. (3) Both sexes switched between flower species at similar rates, suggesting that differences in floral fidelity are unlikely to explain why females are less specialized than males. (4) Males flew longer distances than females; coupled with larger between-site differences in pollen composition for females, this result suggests that sex differences in mobility influence foraging, and that females may forage more frequently and in smaller areas than males. Together, our results demonstrate that sex-associated foraging differences can be large and consistent over time, and highlight the importance of sex as a driver of variation in pollinator behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon P Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Current address: Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Goggy Davidowitz
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ruben Alarcón
- Department of Biology, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, California, USA
| | - Daniel R Papaj
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Judith L Bronstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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10
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Agostini K, Wolowski M, Bergamo PJ, Brito VLGD, Nunes CEP, Pansarin LM, Sazima M. The contribution of the BIOTA/FAPESP Program to the knowledge on pollination and plant reproduction. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2022-1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Interactions between plant and pollinators are associated with the origin and maintenance of species diversity, as well as ecosystem functioning. The potential of pollination as an ecosystem service is evidenced by its association with food production. Understanding pollination at the landscape scale is essential for characterizing the pollination service for several crops that depend on pollinators for fruit and seed set that make up the human diet. Our aim was to carry out a literature review of studies and projects funded by BIOTA/FAPESP to illustrate the main research approaches developed in the field of Pollination Biology, especially related to plant-pollinator interactions. Plant-pollinator interactions in the Atlantic forest were leveraged as a result of this long-term research program, during which several papers were published in international journals. Pollination by bees (melittophily) was the most representative pollination system studied. In addition to melittophily, other interactions were studied such as pollination by hawkmoths (sphingophily), by hummingbirds (ornithophily) and by bats (chiropterophily). The specific mutualistic relationships between fig trees and fig wasps were also subject of studies within the Program. At the beginning of the BIOTA/FAPESP Program, there were many gaps in basic information about pollination and breeding systems of Brazilian native plant species. Thus, the Program was fundamental to fuel research on the natural history of plants and pollinators from the Atlantic forest. Overall, the Program funded studies that investigated themes such as functional pollination ecology, pollinator effectiveness, plant population genetics, structure and dynamics of plant-pollinator interaction networks, as well as geographic distribution and macroevolution of pollination systems, as well as genetic and molecular studies of native plant populations focusing on pollen flow and genetic structure of populations. Additionally, studies on pollination in the context of landscape ecology had the aim of assessing the effects of forest fragmentation on the functioning of plant populations and their interactions with pollinators and the relationships between landscape structure and ecological processes, biodiversity, and ecosystem service. Therefore, the Program had a prominent role in producing basic data with great implications for understanding the ecology and promoting the conservation of plant-pollinator interactions.
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Marjakangas E, Muñoz G, Turney S, Albrecht J, Neuschulz EL, Schleuning M, Lessard J. Trait‐based inference of ecological network assembly: a conceptual framework and methodological toolbox. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma‐Liina Marjakangas
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Gabriel Muñoz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Shaun Turney
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Jörg Albrecht
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F), Senckenberganlage 25 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Eike Lena Neuschulz
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F), Senckenberganlage 25 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F), Senckenberganlage 25 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jean‐Philippe Lessard
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal Quebec Canada
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Zhao YH, Lázaro A, Li HD, Tao ZB, Liang H, Zhou W, Ren ZX, Xu K, Li DZ, Wang H. Morphological trait-matching in plant-Hymenoptera and plant-Diptera mutualisms across an elevational gradient. J Anim Ecol 2021; 91:196-209. [PMID: 34668568 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Morphological trait-matching and species abundance are thought to be the main factors affecting the frequency and strength of mutualistic interactions. However, the relative importance of trait-matching and species abundance in shaping species interactions across environmental gradients remains poorly understood, especially for plant-insect mutualisms involving generalist species. Here, we characterised variation in species and trait composition and the relative importance of trait-matching and species abundance in shaping plant-Hymenoptera and plant-Diptera mutualisms in four meadows across an elevational gradient (2,725-3,910 m) in Yulong Snow Mountain, Southwest China. We also evaluated the effects of morphological traits of flower visitors and plant composition on their foraging specialisation (d' and normalised degree). There was a high degree of dissimilarity in the composition of Hymenoptera and Diptera visitors and their visited plants between communities. This variation was mainly driven by the spatial replacement of species. Both for plant-Hymenoptera and plant-Diptera networks, trait-matching between nectar tube depth and proboscis length was a stronger predictor of the interactions between temporally co-occurring plants and flower visitors than species abundance. Fourth-corner analyses revealed statistically significant trait-matching between nectar tube depth and proboscis length in plant-Hymenoptera networks at all sites, suggesting that Hymenoptera consistently foraged on plant species with nectar tube depths matching their proboscis lengths. By contrast, significant trait-matching in plant-Diptera networks was only observed at the two lower elevation sites. The species-level specialisation d' of flower visitors increased significantly as the proboscis length and the difference in nectar tube depth between the plant community and the plants visited by flower visitors increased. Our results highlight that the importance of trait-matching in shaping pairwise interactions and niche partitioning depends on the specific features (e.g. species composition and trait availability) of the plant-pollinator system. For specialised plant-Hymenoptera systems, trait-matching is an important determinant of species interactions, whereas for generalist plant-Diptera systems, trait-matching is relatively unimportant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Amparo Lázaro
- Global Change Research Group, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (UIB-CSIC), Esporles, Spain
| | - Hai-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zong-Xin Ren
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Lijiang Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Silva AR, Rodrigues GFB, Borthagaray AI, Costa RC, Castilho AL. Morphometric traits as drivers for module structures and species specialization: a study about the hermit crab–gastropod networks from three different regions on the Brazilian coast. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Silva
- NEBECC (Núcleo de Estudos em Biologia, Ecologia e Cultivo de Crustáceos) Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Botucatu Brasil
| | - G. F. B. Rodrigues
- NEBECC (Núcleo de Estudos em Biologia, Ecologia e Cultivo de Crustáceos) Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Botucatu Brasil
| | - A. I. Borthagaray
- Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental Centro Universitario Regional Este (CURE) Universidad de la República Maldonado Uruguay
| | - R. C. Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia de Camarões Marinhos e de Água Doce (LABCAM) Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Faculdade de Ciências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Bauru Brasil
| | - A. L. Castilho
- NEBECC (Núcleo de Estudos em Biologia, Ecologia e Cultivo de Crustáceos) Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Botucatu Brasil
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Liang H, Zhao Y, Rafferty NE, Ren Z, Zhong L, Li H, Li D, Wang H. Evolutionary and ecological factors structure a plant–bumblebee network in a biodiversity hotspot, the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming PR China
| | - Yan‐Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming PR China
| | - Nicole E. Rafferty
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology University of California Riverside CA USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Lab Crested Butte CO USA
| | - Zong‐Xin Ren
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming PR China
| | - Li Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming PR China
| | - Hai‐Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
| | - De‐Zhu Li
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center Germplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming PR China
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15
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Cordero‐Schmidt E, Maruyama PK, Vargas‐Mena JC, Pereira Oliveira P, Assis R. Santos F, Medellín RA, Rodriguez‐Herrera B, Venticinque EM. Bat–flower interaction networks in Caatinga reveal generalized associations and temporal stability. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Cordero‐Schmidt
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Lagoa Nova Natal RN Brazil
| | - Pietro Kiyoshi Maruyama
- Centro de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação Departamento de Genética Ecologia e Evolução ‐ ICBUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Vargas‐Mena
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Lagoa Nova Natal RN Brazil
| | - Paulino Pereira Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micromorfologia Vegetal Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana Novo Horizonte BA Brazil
| | - Francisco Assis R. Santos
- Laboratório de Micromorfologia Vegetal Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana Novo Horizonte BA Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. Medellín
- Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | | | - Eduardo M. Venticinque
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Lagoa Nova Natal RN Brazil
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Moré M, Soteras F, Ibañez AC, Dötterl S, Cocucci AA, Raguso RA. Floral Scent Evolution in the Genus Jaborosa (Solanaceae): Influence of Ecological and Environmental Factors. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1512. [PMID: 34451557 PMCID: PMC8398055 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Floral scent is a key communication channel between plants and pollinators. However, the contributions of environment and phylogeny to floral scent composition remain poorly understood. In this study, we characterized interspecific variation of floral scent composition in the genus Jaborosa Juss. (Solanaceae) and, using an ecological niche modelling approach (ENM), we assessed the environmental variables that exerted the strongest influence on floral scent variation, taking into account pollination mode and phylogenetic relationships. Our results indicate that two major evolutionary themes have emerged: (i) a 'warm Lowland Subtropical nectar-rewarding clade' with large white hawkmoth pollinated flowers that emit fragrances dominated by oxygenated aromatic or sesquiterpenoid volatiles, and (ii) a 'cool-temperate brood-deceptive clade' of largely fly-pollinated species found at high altitudes (Andes) or latitudes (Patagonian Steppe) that emit foul odors including cresol, indole and sulfuric volatiles. The joint consideration of floral scent profiles, pollination mode, and geoclimatic context helped us to disentangle the factors that shaped floral scent evolution across "pollinator climates" (geographic differences in pollinator abundance or preference). Our findings suggest that the ability of plants in the genus Jaborosa to colonize newly formed habitats during Andean orogeny was associated with striking transitions in flower scent composition that trigger specific odor-driven behaviors in nocturnal hawkmoths and saprophilous fly pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Moré
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba CP 5000, Argentina; (F.S.); (A.C.I.); (A.A.C.)
| | - Florencia Soteras
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba CP 5000, Argentina; (F.S.); (A.C.I.); (A.A.C.)
| | - Ana C. Ibañez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba CP 5000, Argentina; (F.S.); (A.C.I.); (A.A.C.)
| | - Stefan Dötterl
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Andrea A. Cocucci
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba CP 5000, Argentina; (F.S.); (A.C.I.); (A.A.C.)
| | - Robert A. Raguso
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Stock M, Piot N, Vanbesien S, Meys J, Smagghe G, De Baets B. Pairwise learning for predicting pollination interactions based on traits and phylogeny. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Souza CS, Maruyama PK, Santos KCBS, Varassin IG, Gross CL, Araujo AC. Plant-centred sampling estimates higher beta diversity of interactions than pollinator-based sampling across habitats. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:2501-2512. [PMID: 33704782 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
When describing plant-animal interaction networks, sampling can be performed using plant- or animal-centred approaches. Despite known effects of sampling on network structure, how samplings affect the estimates of interaction β-diversity across networks is still unresolved. We investigated how the sampling method affects the assessment of β-diversity of interactions, turnover and rewiring. We contrasted plant- and animal-centred sampling methods applied to pollination networks across habitats in a heterogeneous tropical landscape, the Pantanal Wetlands. We also asked whether plant traits influence the difference in interaction specialization according to sampling. Plant-centred networks resulted in higher β-diversity of interactions in space than animal-centred networks. Turnover explained most of the β-diversity in both methods, but rewiring was proportionately more important when using the animal-centred method. While the plant-centred method indicated lower network modularity and specialization, floral traits modulated the effects of the sampling method on species-level network metrics. Combining animal- and plant-centred approaches returned intermediate values for β-diversity of interactions and network metrics. Distinct methods may also be better suited for answering questions at different scales. Our results point out that the method choice, or combination of methods, should always reflect the appropriate scale of the factors determining the interactions being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Souza
- Departamento de Botânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Campus Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, PR, 19031, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 549, Brazil
| | - Pietro K Maruyama
- Centro de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 486, Brazil
| | - Karen C B S Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 549, Brazil
- UNE, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Isabela G Varassin
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Campus Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 19031, Brazil
| | - Caroline L Gross
- Ecosystem Management, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Andréa C Araujo
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 549, Brazil
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19
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Izquierdo-Palma J, Arizmendi MDC, Lara C, Ornelas JF. Forbidden links, trait matching and modularity in plant-hummingbird networks: Are specialized modules characterized by higher phenotypic floral integration? PeerJ 2021; 9:e10974. [PMID: 33854834 PMCID: PMC7955668 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plant-pollinator mutualistic networks show non-random structural properties that promote species coexistence. However, these networks show high variability in the interacting species and their connections. Mismatch between plant and pollinator attributes can prevent interactions, while trait matching can enable exclusive access, promoting pollinators' niche partitioning and, ultimately, modularity. Thus, plants belonging to specialized modules should integrate their floral traits to optimize the pollination function. Herein, we aimed to analyze the biological processes involved in the structuring of plant-hummingbird networks by linking network morphological constraints, specialization, modularity and phenotypic floral integration. Methods We investigated the understory plant-hummingbird network of two adjacent habitats in the Lacandona rainforest of Mexico, one characterized by lowland rainforest and the other by savanna-like vegetation. We performed monthly censuses to record plant-hummingbird interactions for 2 years (2018-2020). We also took hummingbird bill measurements and floral and nectar measurements. We summarized the interactions in a bipartite matrix and estimated three network descriptors: connectance, complementary specialization (H2'), and nestedness. We also analyzed the modularity and average phenotypic floral integration index of each module. Results Both habitats showed strong differences in the plant assemblage and network dynamics but were interconnected by the same four hummingbird species, two Hermits and two Emeralds, forming a single network of interaction. The whole network showed low levels of connectance (0.35) and high specialization (H2' = 0.87). Flower morphologies ranged from generalized to specialized, but trait matching was an important network structurer. Modularity was associated with morphological specialization. The Hermits Phaethornis longirostris and P. striigularis each formed a module by themselves, and a third module was formed by the less-specialized Emeralds: Chlorestes candida and Amazilia tzacatl. The floral integration values were higher in specialized modules but not significantly higher than that formed by generalist species. Conclusions Our findings suggest that biological processes derived from both trait matching and "forbidden" links, or nonmatched morphological attributes, might be important network drivers in tropical plant-hummingbird systems while morphological specialization plays a minor role in the phenotypic floral integration. The broad variety of corolla and bill shapes promoted niche partitioning, resulting in the modular organization of the assemblage according to morphological specialization. However, more research adding larger datasets of both the number of modules and pollination networks for a wider region is needed to conclude whether phenotypic floral integration increases with morphological specialization in plant-hummingbird systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Izquierdo-Palma
- Laboratorio de Ecología, UBIPRO, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Maria Del Coro Arizmendi
- Laboratorio de Ecología, UBIPRO, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Lara
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, San Felipe Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Juan Francisco Ornelas
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
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Dalsgaard B, Maruyama PK, Sonne J, Hansen K, Zanata TB, Abrahamczyk S, Alarcón R, Araujo AC, Araújo FP, Buzato S, Chávez‐González E, Coelho AG, Cotton PA, Díaz‐Valenzuela R, Dufke MF, Enríquez PL, Martins Dias Filho M, Fischer E, Kohler G, Lara C, Las‐Casas FMG, Rosero Lasprilla L, Machado AO, Machado CG, Maglianesi MA, Malucelli TS, Marín‐Gómez OH, Martínez‐García V, Mendes de Azevedo‐Júnior S, da Silva Neto EN, Oliveira PE, Ornelas JF, Ortiz‐Pulido R, Partida‐Lara R, Patiño‐González BI, Najara de Pinho Queiroz S, Ramírez‐Burbano MB, Rech A, Rocca MA, Rodrigues LC, Rui AM, Sazima I, Sazima M, Simmons BI, Tinoco BA, Varassin IG, Vasconcelos MF, Vizentin‐Bugoni J, Watts S, Kennedy JD, Rahbek C, Schleuning M, Martín González AM. The influence of biogeographical and evolutionary histories on morphological trait‐matching and resource specialization in mutualistic hummingbird–plant networks. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Dalsgaard
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Pietro Kiyoshi Maruyama
- Centre of Ecological Synthesis and Conservation Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution ‐ ICB Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Jesper Sonne
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Katrine Hansen
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Thais B. Zanata
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Cuiaba Brazil
| | | | - Ruben Alarcón
- Biology Department California State University Channel Islands Camarillo CA USA
| | - Andréa C. Araujo
- Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Buzato
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Edgar Chávez‐González
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Instituto de Ciencias Basicas e IngenieríaUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Pachuca Mexico
| | - Aline G. Coelho
- Laboratório de Ornitologia Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana Feira de Santana Brazil
| | - Peter A. Cotton
- Marine Biology & Ecology Research Centre University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| | - Román Díaz‐Valenzuela
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Instituto de Ciencias Basicas e IngenieríaUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Pachuca Mexico
| | - Maria F. Dufke
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Paula L. Enríquez
- Departamento Conservación de la Biodiversidad El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Chiapas Mexico
| | - Manoel Martins Dias Filho
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Federal de São Carlos São Carlos Brazil
| | - Erich Fischer
- Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Brazil
| | - Glauco Kohler
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Petrópolis Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Carlos Lara
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala Mexico
| | - Flor Maria G. Las‐Casas
- Ciências Biológicas Centro de Estudos Superiores de Zé Doca Universidade Estadual do Maranhão Maranhão Brazil
| | - Liliana Rosero Lasprilla
- Escuela de Ciencias Biologicas Grupo de Investigación Biología para la ConservaciónUniversidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia Tunja Colombia
| | - Adriana O. Machado
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia Brazil
| | - Caio G. Machado
- Laboratório de Ornitologia Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana Feira de Santana Brazil
| | - María A. Maglianesi
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación Universidad Estatal a Distancia San José Costa Rica
| | - Tiago S. Malucelli
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva Departamento de Botânica Centro PolitécnicoUniversidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Martínez‐García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Instituto de Ciencias Basicas e IngenieríaUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Pachuca Mexico
| | | | - Edvaldo Nunes da Silva Neto
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Federal de São Carlos São Carlos Brazil
| | - Paulo E. Oliveira
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia Brazil
| | | | - Raul Ortiz‐Pulido
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Instituto de Ciencias Basicas e IngenieríaUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Pachuca Mexico
| | - Ruth Partida‐Lara
- Departamento Conservación de la Biodiversidad El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Chiapas Mexico
| | - Blanca Itzel Patiño‐González
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Instituto de Ciencias Basicas e IngenieríaUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Pachuca Mexico
| | | | - Mónica B. Ramírez‐Burbano
- Departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas Universidad del Valle Cali Colombia
| | - André Rech
- Faculdade Interdisciplinar de Humanidades Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Brazil
| | - Márcia A. Rocca
- Departamento de Ecologia Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Federal de Sergipe São Cristóvão Brazil
| | - Licléia C. Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Ornitologia Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Ana M. Rui
- Departamento de Ecologia Zoologia e Genética Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
| | - Ivan Sazima
- Museu de Zoologia Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Marlies Sazima
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Benno I. Simmons
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn UK
| | | | - Isabela G. Varassin
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva Departamento de Botânica Centro PolitécnicoUniversidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Marcelo F. Vasconcelos
- Museu de Ciências Naturais Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | | | - Stella Watts
- Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology University of Northampton Northampton UK
| | - Jonathan D. Kennedy
- Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Carsten Rahbek
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Ascot UK
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Institute of Ecology Peking University Beijing China
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F) Frankfurt (Main) Germany
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Coux C, Donoso I, Tylianakis JM, García D, Martínez D, Dehling DM, Stouffer DB. Tricky partners: native plants show stronger interaction preferences than their exotic counterparts. Ecology 2020; 102:e03239. [PMID: 33125718 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In ecological networks, neutral predictions suggest that species' interaction frequencies are proportional to their relative abundances. Deviations from neutral predictions thus correspond to interaction preferences (when positive) or avoidances (when negative), driven by nonneutral (e.g., niche-based) processes. Exotic species interact with many partners with which they have not coevolved, and it remains unclear whether this systematically influences the strength of neutral processes on interactions, and how these interaction-level differences scale up to entire networks. To fill this gap, we compared interactions between plants and frugivorous birds at nine forest sites in New Zealand varying in the relative abundance and composition of native and exotic species, with independently sampled data on bird and plant abundances from the same sites. We tested if the strength and direction of interaction preferences differed between native and exotic species. We further evaluated whether the performance of neutral predictions at the site level was predicted by the proportion of exotic interactions in each network from both bird and plant perspectives, and the species composition in each site. We found that interactions involving native plants deviated more strongly from neutral predictions than did interactions involving exotics. This "pickiness" of native plants could be detrimental in a context of global biotic homogenization where they could be increasingly exposed to novel interactions with neutrally interacting mutualists. However, the realization of only a subset of interactions in different sites compensated for the neutrality of interactions involving exotics, so that neutral predictions for whole networks did not change systematically with the proportion of exotic species or species composition. Therefore, the neutral and niche processes that underpin individual interactions may not scale up to entire networks. This shows that seemingly simplistic neutral assumptions entail complex processes and can provide valuable understanding of community assembly or invasion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Coux
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Isabel Donoso
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt (Main), 60325, Germany.,Departamento Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UMIB, CSIC-UO-PA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33071, Spain
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Daniel García
- Departamento Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UMIB, CSIC-UO-PA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33071, Spain
| | - Daniel Martínez
- Departamento Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UMIB, CSIC-UO-PA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33071, Spain
| | - D Matthias Dehling
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Daniel B Stouffer
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
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22
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Queiroz JA, Diniz UM, Vázquez DP, Quirino ZM, Santos FAR, Mello MAR, Machado IC. Bats and hawkmoths form mixed modules with flowering plants in a nocturnal interaction network. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel A. Queiroz
- Departamento de Educação Universidade Federal da Paraíba Mamanguape Brasil
| | - Ugo M. Diniz
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade de Brasília Brasília Brasil
| | - Diego P. Vázquez
- Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina
| | - Zelma M. Quirino
- Departamento de Engenharia e Meio Ambiente Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa Brasil
| | - Francisco A. R. Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana Feira de Santana Brasil
| | | | - Isabel C. Machado
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brasil
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23
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Moré M, Ibañez AC, Drewniak ME, Cocucci AA, Raguso RA. Flower Diversification Across "Pollinator Climates": Sensory Aspects of Corolla Color Evolution in the Florally Diverse South American Genus Jaborosa (Solanaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:601975. [PMID: 33365042 PMCID: PMC7750315 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.601975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flower phenotype may diverge within plant lineages when moving across "pollinator climates" (geographic differences in pollinator abundance or preference). Here we explored the potential importance of pollinators as drivers of floral color diversification in the nightshade genus Jaborosa, taking into account color perception capabilities of the actual pollinators (nocturnal hawkmoths vs. saprophilous flies) under a geographic perspective. We analyzed the association between transitions across environments and perceptual color axes using comparative methods. Our results revealed two major evolutionary themes in Jaborosa: (1) a "warm subtropical sphingophilous clade" composed of three hawkmoth-pollinated species found in humid lowland habitats, with large white flowers that clustered together in the visual space of a model hawkmoth (Manduca sexta) and a "cool-temperate brood-deceptive clade" composed of largely fly-pollinated species with small dark flowers found at high altitudes (Andes) or latitudes (Patagonian Steppe), that clustered together in the visual space of a model blowfly (Lucilia sp.) and a syrphid fly (Eristalis tenax). Our findings suggest that the ability of plants to colonize newly formed environments during Andean orogeny and the ecological changes that followed were concomitant with transitions in flower color as perceived by different pollinator functional groups. Our findings suggest that habitat and pollination mode are inextricably linked in the history of this South American plant lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Moré
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana C. Ibañez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M. Eugenia Drewniak
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea A. Cocucci
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Robert A. Raguso
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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24
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Amorim FW. Are the New World hummingbird-hawkmoths functional equivalents of hummingbirds? Ecology 2020; 101:e03161. [PMID: 33448357 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe W Amorim
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações (LEPI), Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil
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25
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Pauw A, Cocucci AA, Sérsic AN. The least effective pollinator principle: specialized morphology despite generalized ecology. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:924-931. [PMID: 32544265 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The large body of work on the adaptation of plants to pollinators is still somewhat incomplete because most studies focus on one-to-one interactions. How will adaptation proceed in a multi-pollinator environment? According to Stebbins' Most Effective Pollinator Principle, 'the characteristics of the flower will be moulded by those pollinators that visit it most frequently and effectively.' To test this hypothesis, we studied the pollination biology of Pelargonium incrassatum (Geraniaceae) in the Namaqualand Region of Southern Africa. This species has a long floral tube and we expected its most important pollinator to have a long proboscis. Contrary to expectations, the most important pollinator was a short proboscid fly (a new species of Prosoeca), while Prosoeca peringueyi, which had a proboscis that matched the floral tube length, was a rare visitor. Consistent with the high degree of trait mismatching, we did not detect selection on tube length at most sites. The paradox of mismatching traits can be resolved by considering the strength of the trade-off involved. Adaptation to the rare species can apparently occur without incurring the cost of reduced pollination by the abundant species. Generally, species may often evolve specialized morphology if they do not incur the cost of ecological specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pauw
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - A A Cocucci
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (UNC-CONICET), Cordoba, Argentina
| | - A N Sérsic
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (UNC-CONICET), Cordoba, Argentina
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26
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Peralta G, Perry GLW, Vázquez DP, Dehling DM, Tylianakis JM. Strength of niche processes for species interactions is lower for generalists and exotic species. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:2145-2155. [PMID: 32495955 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Niche and neutral processes jointly influence species interactions. Predictions of interactions based on these processes assume that they operate similarly across all species. However, species characteristics could systematically create differences in the strength of niche or neutral processes for each interspecific interaction. We used national-level records of plant-frugivore interactions, species traits, biogeographic status (native vs. exotic), phylogenies and species range sizes to test the hypothesis that the strength of niche processes in species interactions changes in predictable ways depending on trophic generalism and biogeographic status of the interacting species. The strength of niche processes (measured as trait matching) decreased when the generalism of the interacting partners increased. Furthermore, the slope of this negative relationship between trait matching and generalism of the interacting partners was steeper (more negative) for interactions between exotic species than those between native species. These results remained significant after accounting for the potential effects of neutral processes (estimated by species range size). These observed changes in the strength of niche processes in generating species interactions, after accounting for effects of neutral processes, could improve predictions of ecological networks from species trait data. Specifically, due to their shorter co-evolutionary history, exotic species tend to interact with native species even when lower trait matching occurs than in interactions among native species. Likewise, interactions between generalist bird species and generalist plant species should be expected to occur despite low trait matching between species, whereas interactions between specialist species involve higher trait matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Peralta
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - George L W Perry
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Diego P Vázquez
- Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - D Matthias Dehling
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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27
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Drivers of bat roles in Neotropical seed dispersal networks: abundance is more important than functional traits. Oecologia 2020; 193:189-198. [PMID: 32405932 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
While functional traits can facilitate or constrain interactions between pair of species in ecological communities, relative abundances regulate the probabilities of encounter among individuals. However, the relative importance of traits and relative abundances for the role species play in seed dispersion networks remains poorly explored. Here, we analyzed 20 Neotropical seed dispersal networks distributed from Mexico to southeastern Brazil to evaluate how relative abundance and functional traits influence bat species' roles in seed dispersal networks. We tested how bat relative abundance and traits relate to species contribution to between-module (c metric) and within-module connectivity (z metric) and their position and potential to mediate indirect effects between species (betweenness centrality). Our results indicate that relative abundance is the main determinant of the role bats play in the networks, while traits such as aspect ratio show modest yet statistically significant importance in predicting specific roles. Moreover, all seed dispersal networks presented two or three superabundant obligatory frugivore species that interacted with a high number of plants. The modest influence of the functional traits on species' roles is likely related to the low variation of morphological traits related to foraging ecology, which reduces the chances of morphological mismatching between consumers and resources in the system. In this scenario, abundant bats have higher chances of encountering resources and being capable of consuming them which leads such species to play critical roles in the community by acting as module hubs and network connectors.
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28
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Sonne J, Vizentin-Bugoni J, Maruyama PK, Araujo AC, Chávez-González E, Coelho AG, Cotton PA, Marín-Gómez OH, Lara C, Lasprilla LR, Machado CG, Maglianesi MA, Malucelli TS, González AMM, Oliveira GM, Oliveira PE, Ortiz-Pulido R, Rocca MA, Rodrigues LC, Sazima I, Simmons BI, Tinoco B, Varassin IG, Vasconcelos MF, O'Hara B, Schleuning M, Rahbek C, Sazima M, Dalsgaard B. Ecological mechanisms explaining interactions within plant-hummingbird networks: morphological matching increases towards lower latitudes. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192873. [PMID: 32156208 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between species are influenced by different ecological mechanisms, such as morphological matching, phenological overlap and species abundances. How these mechanisms explain interaction frequencies across environmental gradients remains poorly understood. Consequently, we also know little about the mechanisms that drive the geographical patterns in network structure, such as complementary specialization and modularity. Here, we use data on morphologies, phenologies and abundances to explain interaction frequencies between hummingbirds and plants at a large geographical scale. For 24 quantitative networks sampled throughout the Americas, we found that the tendency of species to interact with morphologically matching partners contributed to specialized and modular network structures. Morphological matching best explained interaction frequencies in networks found closer to the equator and in areas with low-temperature seasonality. When comparing the three ecological mechanisms within networks, we found that both morphological matching and phenological overlap generally outperformed abundances in the explanation of interaction frequencies. Together, these findings provide insights into the ecological mechanisms that underlie geographical patterns in resource specialization. Notably, our results highlight morphological constraints on interactions as a potential explanation for increasing resource specialization towards lower latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Sonne
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jeferson Vizentin-Bugoni
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pietro K Maruyama
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Centro de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa C Araujo
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Edgar Chávez-González
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Instituto de Ciencias Basicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Km 4.5, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, Mineral de la Reforma, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Aline G Coelho
- Laboratório de Ornitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Peter A Cotton
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| | - Oscar H Marín-Gómez
- Red de Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Instituto de Ecología, A.C, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351 El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Carlos Lara
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Km 10.5 Autopista Tlaxcala-San Martín Texmelucan, San Felipe Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Liliana R Lasprilla
- Escuela de Ciencias Biologicas, Grupo de Investigación Biología para la Conservación, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia
| | - Caio G Machado
- Laboratório de Ornitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria A Maglianesi
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, San José, Costa Rica.,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Tiago S Malucelli
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Departamento de Botânica, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana M Martín González
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Pacific Ecoinformatics and Computational Ecology Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Genilda M Oliveira
- Instituto Federal de Brasília, Campus Samambaia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Paulo E Oliveira
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raul Ortiz-Pulido
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Instituto de Ciencias Basicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Km 4.5, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, Mineral de la Reforma, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Márcia A Rocca
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Licléia C Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Ornitologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivan Sazima
- Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benno I Simmons
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Boris Tinoco
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Isabela G Varassin
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Departamento de Botânica, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F Vasconcelos
- Museu de Ciências Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Coração Eucarístico, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bob O'Hara
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Carsten Rahbek
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.,Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M 5230, Denmark
| | - Marlies Sazima
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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29
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Soteras F, Rubini Pisano MA, Bariles JB, Moré M, Cocucci AA. Phenotypic selection mosaic for flower length influenced by geographically varying hawkmoth pollinator proboscis length and abiotic environment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:985-998. [PMID: 31514238 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic context may affect the intensity of interspecific interactions and subsequently drive locally particular phenotypic selection patterns on interacting traits. We evaluated the geographical variation of matching traits of the brush-type flowers of Caesalpinia gilliesii and of the proboscis length of its guild of hawkmoth pollinators, as well as their relationship with environmental variables. We assessed the geographical variation of interacting traits (style and filament vs mean proboscis length of the guild of hawkmoths) across seven populations and estimated phenotypic selection on the plant side. Interacting traits showed similar relationships with environmental variables. Phenotypic selection on the plant side was influenced by proboscis length and by environmental conditions. Mean proboscis length of the guild was shorter than previously recorded for the same study area, thus probably shifting the selective optima of flower length. We observed two presumptive coevolutionary cold spots where one-sided negative directional selection is acting on style length. The lack of selection on the pollinator side should be further confirmed. We provided joint evidence, mostly lacking, about the geographical variation of selective pressures on the plant side associated with both proboscis length and abiotic conditions. We suggest that recent environmental change may be shifting floral length optima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Soteras
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Malén Aluhé Rubini Pisano
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julieta Belén Bariles
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcela Moré
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea Arístides Cocucci
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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30
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Hu L, Dong Y, Sun S. Relative species abundance successfully predicts nestedness and interaction frequency of monthly pollination networks in an alpine meadow. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224316. [PMID: 31658297 PMCID: PMC6816544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-pollinator networks have been repeatedly reported as cumulative ones that are described with >1 years observations. However, such cumulative networks are composed of pairwise interactions recorded at different periods, and thus may not be able to reflect the reality of species interactions in nature (e.g., early-flowering plants typically do not compete for shared pollinators with late-flowering plants, but they are assumed to do so in accumulated networks). Here, we examine the monthly sampling structure of an alpine plant-pollinator bipartite network over a two-year period to determine whether relative species abundance and species traits better explain the network structure of monthly networks than yearly ones. Although community composition and species abundance varied from one month to another, the monthly networks (as well as the yearly networks described with annual pooled data) had a highly nested structure, in which specialists directly interact with generalist partners. Moreover, relative species abundance predicted the nestedness in both the monthly and yearly networks and accounted for a statistically significant percentage of the variation (i.e., 20%-44%) in the pairwise interactions of monthly networks, but not yearly networks. The combination of relative species abundance and species traits (but not species traits only) showed a similar prediction power in terms of both network nestedness and pairwise interaction frequencies. Considering the previously recognized structural pattern and associated mechanisms of plant-pollinator networks, we propose that relative species abundance may be an important factor influencing both nestedness and interaction frequency of pollination networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hu
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuran Dong
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shucun Sun
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Center for Ecological Studies, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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31
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Liu CQ, Gao YD, Niu Y, Xiong YZ, Sun H. Floral adaptations of two lilies: implications for the evolution and pollination ecology of huge trumpet-shaped flowers. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:622-632. [PMID: 31022316 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Evolutionary transitions among floral morphologies, many of which provide evidence for adaptation to novel pollinators, are common. Some trumpet-shaped flowers are among the largest flowers in angiosperms, occurring in different lineages. Our goal was to investigate the role of pollinators in the evolution of these flowers using Lilium. METHODS We investigated floral traits and pollinators of L. primulinum var. ochraceum and L. brownii var. viridulum and reviewed reports of visitors to huge trumpet-shaped flowers. Using a published phylogeny of Lilium, we reconstructed ancestral floral morphological states in Lilium to elucidate the origins of trumpet-shaped lilies. RESULTS Both lilies are largely self-incompatible and show floral syndromes indicative of hawkmoth pollination. The short trumpet-shaped lily can be pollinated by short-tongued (<40 mm) but not long-tongued hawkmoths (>65 mm), while the huge trumpet-shaped lily can be pollinated by both. A literature review including 22 species of trumpet-shaped flowers suggests that their pollinator guilds commonly include both short- and long-tongued moths. A phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that trumpet-shaped lilies possibly have multiple origins from tepal-reflexed ancestors, at least six of which have evolved huge flowers (>50 mm). CONCLUSIONS Adaptation to short-tongued hawkmoths may have initiated the evolution of trumpet-shaped lilies. Huge trumpet-shaped lilies may have evolved as a response to selection by long-tongued hawkmoths, without excluding the short-tongued ones. This evolutionary pathway leads to a functionally more generalized pollination system instead of an increasingly specialized one and is not necessarily associated with pollinator shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qiu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yun-Dong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Niu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying-Ze Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, China Central Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
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Sonne J, Zanata TB, Martín González AM, Cumbicus Torres NL, Fjeldså J, Colwell RK, Tinoco BA, Rahbek C, Dalsgaard B. The distributions of morphologically specialized hummingbirds coincide with floral trait matching across an Andean elevational gradient. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Sonne
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate; Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Thais B. Zanata
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva; Departamento de Botânica; Centro Politécnico; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Curitiba Brasil
| | - Ana M. Martín González
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate; Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Nixon L. Cumbicus Torres
- Sección Ecología y Sistemática; Departamento Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja; Loja Ecuador
| | - Jon Fjeldså
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate; Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Robert K. Colwell
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate; Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Connecticut; Storrs Connecticut
- Department of Entomology; Museum of Natural History; University of Colorado Boulder; Boulder Colorado
| | - Boris A. Tinoco
- Escuela de Biología; Ecología y Gestión; Universidad del Azuay; Cuenca Ecuador
| | - Carsten Rahbek
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate; Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate; Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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33
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Ibañez A, Moré M, Salazar G, Leiva S, Barboza G, Cocucci A. Crescendo, diminuendo and subito of the trumpets: winds of change in the concerted evolution between flowers and pollinators in Salpichroa (Solanaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 132:90-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Poblete Palacios JA, Soteras F, Cocucci AA. Mechanical fit between flower and pollinators in relation to realized precision and accuracy in the hummingbird-pollinatedDolichandra cynanchoides. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Arístides Cocucci
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, IMBIV, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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35
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Machado-de-Souza T, Campos RP, Devoto M, Varassin IG. Local drivers of the structure of a tropical bird-seed dispersal network. Oecologia 2019; 189:421-433. [PMID: 30612225 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in ecology is to understand the relative importance of neutral- and niche-based processes structuring species interactions within communities. The concept of neutral-based processes posits that network structure is a result of interactions between species based on their abundance. On the other hand, niche-based processes presume that network structure is shaped by constraints to interactions. Here, we evaluated the relative importance of neutral-based process, represented by species' abundance (A) and fruit production (F) models, and niche-based process, represented by spatial overlap (S), temporal overlap (T) and morphological barrier (M) models, in shaping the structure of a bird-seed dispersal network from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We evaluated the ability of each model, singly or in combination, to predict the general structure [represented by connectance, nestedness (NODF), weight nestedness (WNODF), interaction evenness and complementary specialization] and microstructure of the network (i.e., the frequency of pairwise interactions). Only nestedness (both NODF and WNODF) was predicted by at least one model. NODF and WNODF were predicted by a neutral-based process (A), by a combination of niche-based processes (ST and STM) and by both neutral- and niche-based processes (AM). NODF was also predicted by F and FM model. Regarding microstructure, temporal overlap (T) was the most parsimonious model able to predict it. Our findings reveal that a combination of neutral- and niche-based processes is a good predictor of the general structure (NODF and WNODF) of the bird-seed dispersal network and a niche-based process is the best predictor of the network's microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Machado-de-Souza
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil. .,Mater Natura-Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Rua Lamenha Lins 1080, Curitiba, PR, 80250-020, Brazil. .,Instituto de Estudos Ambientais do Paraná (IEAP), Rua Rômulo Gutierrez 731, Curitiba, PR, 80820-260, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Pamplona Campos
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Mariano Devoto
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Botánica General, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabela Galarda Varassin
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
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36
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Bauder JAS, Karolyi F. Superlong Proboscises as Co-adaptations to Flowers. INSECT MOUTHPARTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29654-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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37
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Soteras F, Moré M, Ibañez AC, Iglesias MDR, Cocucci AA. Range overlap between the sword-billed hummingbird and its guild of long-flowered species: An approach to the study of a coevolutionary mosaic. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209742. [PMID: 30586466 PMCID: PMC6306261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The coevolutionary process among free-living mutualists with extremely long matching traits may favor the formation of mutualistic interaction networks through coevolutionary escalation, complementarity and convergence. These networks may be geographically structured; the links among the species of a local network are shaped by the biotic composition of the community, thus creating selection mosaics at broader geographical scales. Therefore, to fully understand a coevolutionary process, it is crucial to visualize the geographical structure of the interaction network across the landscape. In this study we focused on the poorly known interaction system between Ensifera ensifera and its guild of long-flowered plant species. We combined occurrence data and environmental variables to predict E. ensifera distribution, in addition to range polygons available for plant species in order to evaluate the geographical variation in bill length and plant species richness. A positive relationship between bill length and plant species richness within the E. ensifera range suggests a geographical structuring of the interaction networks. At mid-latitude locations of E. ensifera range, where hummingbirds attained the longest bills, richness of long-flowered plant species was higher than at low latitude locations. These locations likely represent coevolutionary vortices where long-lasting reciprocal selection probably drove the evolution of long traits, consequently drawing new plant species into the coevolutionary network. Conversely, areas where the sword-billed hummingbird was absent or had shorter bills probably represent coevolutionary coldspots. Our results provide a first insight into this phenotypically specialized plant-pollinator network across the landscape and show candidate areas to test the predictions of the coevolutionary hypothesis, such as reciprocal selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Soteras
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, IMBIV, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcela Moré
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, IMBIV, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana C. Ibañez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, IMBIV, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María del Rosario Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, IMBIV, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea A. Cocucci
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, IMBIV, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo, Córdoba, Argentina
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38
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García-Callejas D, Molowny-Horas R, Araújo MB. The effect of multiple biotic interaction types on species persistence. Ecology 2018; 99:2327-2337. [PMID: 30030927 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
No species can persist in isolation from other species, but how biotic interactions affect species persistence is still a matter of inquiry. Is persistence more likely in communities with higher proportion of competing species, or in communities with more positive interactions? How do different components of community structure mediate this relationship? We address these questions using a novel simulation framework that generates realistic communities with varying numbers of species and different proportions of biotic interaction types within and across trophic levels. We show that when communities have fewer species, persistence is more likely if positive interactions-such as mutualism and commensalism-are prevalent. In species-rich communities, the disproportionate effect of positive interactions on persistence is diluted and different combinations of biotic interaction types can coexist without affecting persistence significantly. We present the first theoretical examination of how multiple-interaction networks with varying architectures relate to local species persistence, and provide insight about the underlying causes of stability in communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-Callejas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain.,Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel B Araújo
- Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.,InBio/Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7000, Évora, Portugal.,Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate (CMEC), Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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39
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Hutchinson MC, Gaiarsa MP, Stouffer DB. Contemporary Ecological Interactions Improve Models of Past Trait Evolution. Syst Biol 2018; 67:861-872. [PMID: 29471501 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syy012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that natural selection underlies both traits and interactions, evolutionary models often neglect that ecological interactions may, and in many cases do, influence the evolution of traits. Herein, we explore the interdependence of ecological interactions and functional traits in the pollination associations of hawkmoths and flowering plants. Specifically, we develop an adaptation of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model of trait evolution that allows us to study the influence of plant corolla depth and observed hawkmoth-plant interactions on the evolution of hawkmoth proboscis length. Across diverse modelling scenarios, we find that the inclusion of contemporary interactions can provide a better description of trait evolution than the null expectation. Moreover, we show that the pollination interactions provide more-likely models of hawkmoth trait evolution when interactions are considered at increasingly fine-scale groups of hawkmoths. Finally, we demonstrate how the results of best-fit modeling approaches can implicitly support the association between interactions and trait evolution that our method explicitly examines. In showing that contemporary interactions can provide insight into the historical evolution of hawkmoth proboscis length, we demonstrate the clear utility of incorporating additional ecological information to models designed to study past trait evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Hutchinson
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Marília P Gaiarsa
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.,Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 11294, 05422-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Stouffer
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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40
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Vitória RS, Vizentin-Bugoni J, D. S. Duarte L. Evolutionary history as a driver of ecological networks: a case study of plant-hummingbird interactions. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Silveira Vitória
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CP 15007, Porto Alegre; RS 91501-970 Brazil
| | - Jeferson Vizentin-Bugoni
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Univ. Estadual de Campinas; Campinas Brazil
- Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Turner Hall; Urbana IL USA
| | - Leandro D. S. Duarte
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
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41
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Donoso I, García D, Martínez D, Tylianakis JM, Stouffer DB. Complementary Effects of Species Abundances and Ecological Neighborhood on the Occurrence of Fruit-Frugivore Interactions. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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42
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Dormann CF, Fründ J, Schaefer HM. Identifying Causes of Patterns in Ecological Networks: Opportunities and Limitations. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ecological networks depict the interactions between species, mainly based on observations in the field. The information contained in such interaction matrices depends on the sampling design, and typically, compounds preferences (specialization) and abundances (activity). Null models are the primary vehicles to disentangle the effects of specialization from those of sampling and abundance, but they ignore the feedback of network structure on abundances. Hence, network structure, as exemplified here by modularity, is difficult to link to specific causes. Indeed, various processes lead to modularity and to specific interaction patterns more generally. Inferring (co)evolutionary dynamics is even more challenging, as competition and trait matching yield identical patterns of interactions. A satisfactory resolution of the underlying factors determining network structure will require substantial additional information, not only on independently assessed abundances, but also on traits, and ideally on fitness consequences as measured in experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten F. Dormann
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;,
| | - Jochen Fründ
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;,
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43
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Jordano P. Natural history matters: how biological constraints shape diversified interactions in pollination networks. J Anim Ecol 2017; 85:1423-1426. [PMID: 27778383 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Species-specific traits constrain the ways organisms interact in nature. Some pairwise interactions among coexisting species simply do not occur; they are impossible to observe despite the fact that partners coexist in the same place. The author discusses these 'forbidden links' of species interaction networks. Photo: a sphingid moth, Manduca sexta visiting a flower of Tocoyena formosa (Rubiaceae) in the Brazilian Cerrado; tongue and corolla tube lengths approximately 100 mm. Courtesy of Felipe Amorim. Sazatornil, F.D., Moré, M., Benitez-Vieyra, S., Cocucci, A.A., Kitching, I.J., Schlumpberger, B.O., Oliveira, P.E., Sazima, M. & Amorim, F.W. (2016) Beyond neutral and forbidden links: morphological matches and the assembly of mutualistic hawkmoth-plant networks. Journal of Animal Ecology, 85, 1586-1594. Species-specific traits and life-history characteristics constrain the ways organisms interact in nature. For example, gape-limited predators are constrained in the sizes of prey they can handle and efficiently consume. When we consider the ubiquity of such constrains, it is evident how hard it can be to be a generalist partner in ecological interactions: a free-living animal or plant cannot simply interact with every available partner it encounters. Some pairwise interactions among coexisting species simply do not occur; they are impossible to observe despite the fact that partners coexist in the same place. Sazatornil et al. () explore the nature of such constraints in the mutualisms among hawkmoths and the plants they pollinate. In this iconic interaction, used by Darwin and Wallace to vividly illustrate the power of natural selection in shaping evolutionary change, both pollinators and plants are sharply constrained in their interaction modes and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Jordano
- Integrative Ecology Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EBD-CSIC), Avenida Americo Vespucio s/n, E-41092, Sevilla, Spain.
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44
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Bergamo PJ, Wolowski M, Maruyama PK, Vizentin-Bugoni J, Carvalheiro LG, Sazima M. The potential indirect effects among plants via shared hummingbird pollinators are structured by phenotypic similarity. Ecology 2017; 98:1849-1858. [PMID: 28402583 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plant species within communities may overlap in pollinators' use and influence visitation patterns of shared pollinators, potentially engaging in indirect interactions (e.g., facilitation or competition). While several studies have explored the mechanisms regulating insect-pollination networks, there is a lack of studies on bird-pollination systems, particularly in species-rich tropical areas. Here, we evaluated if phenotypic similarity, resource availability (floral abundance), evolutionary relatedness and flowering phenology affect the potential for indirect effects via shared pollinators in hummingbird-pollinated plant species within four communities in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Among the evaluated factors, phenotypic similarity (corolla length and anther height) was the most important variable, while resource availability (floral abundance) had a secondary importance. On the other hand, evolutionary relatedness and flowering phenology were less important, which altogether highlights the relevance of convergent evolution and that the contribution of a plant to the diet of the pollinators of another plant is independent of the level of temporal overlap in flowering in this tropical system. Interestingly, our findings contrast with results from multiple insect-pollinated plant communities, mostly from temperate regions, in which floral abundance was the most important driver, followed by evolutionary relatedness and phenotypic similarity. We propose that these contrasting results are due to high level of specialization inherent to tropical hummingbird-pollination systems. Moreover, our results demonstrated that factors defining linkage rules of plant-hummingbird networks also determinate plant-plant potential indirect effects. Future studies are needed to test if these findings can be generalized to other highly specialized systems. Overall, our results have important implications for the understanding of ecological processes due resource sharing in mutualistic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Joaquim Bergamo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Wolowski
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Pietro Kiyoshi Maruyama
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Vizentin-Bugoni
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Luísa G Carvalheiro
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes(CE3C), Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marlies Sazima
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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45
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On comparing traits and abundance for predicting species interactions with imperfect detection. FOOD WEBS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Ramírez-Burbano MB, Stiles FG, González C, Amorim FW, Dalsgaard B, Maruyama PK. The role of the endemic and critically endangered Colorful PufflegEriocnemis mirabilisin plant-hummingbird networks of the Colombian Andes. Biotropica 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica B. Ramírez-Burbano
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Apartado 7495 Bogotá Colombia
- Programa de doctorado en Ciencias- Biologıa; Departamento de Biologıa; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas; Universidad del Valle; Calle 13 # 100-00, edificio 320 Cali Colombia
- Grupo de Estudios en Geología, Ecología y Conservación GECO; Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Exactas y de la Educación; Carrera 2 # 3N- 111, oficina 112 Sector de Tulcán Popayán Colombia
| | - F. Gary Stiles
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Apartado 7495 Bogotá Colombia
| | - Catalina González
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad de Los Andes; Cra 1A # 18A-10 Universidad de los Andes. Edificio J - Laboratorio 103, Oficina A-304 Bogotá Colombia
| | - Felipe W. Amorim
- Departamento de Botânica; UNESP - Campus de Botucatu; Instituto de Biociências; Rua Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n° CEP: 18618-689 Botucatu Brazil
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate; Natural History Museum of Denmark; Universitetsparken 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Pietro K. Maruyama
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp); Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz” Barão Geraldo Campinas SP CEP 13.083-970 Brazil
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47
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Weinstein BG, Graham CH. Persistent bill and corolla matching despite shifting temporal resources in tropical hummingbird-plant interactions. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:326-335. [PMID: 28150364 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
By specialising on specific resources, species evolve advantageous morphologies to increase the efficiency of nutrient acquisition. However, many specialists face variation in resource availability and composition. Whether specialists respond to these changes depends on the composition of the resource pulses, the cost of foraging on poorly matched resources, and the strength of interspecific competition. We studied hummingbird bill and plant corolla matching during seasonal variation in flower availability and morphology. Using a hierarchical Bayesian model, we accounted for the detectability and spatial overlap of hummingbird-plant interactions. We found that despite seasonal pulses of flowers with short-corollas, hummingbirds consistently foraged on well-matched flowers, leading to low niche overlap. This behaviour suggests that the costs of searching for rare and more specialised resources are lower than the benefit of switching to super-abundant resources. Our results highlight the trade-off between foraging efficiency and interspecific competition, and underline niche partitioning in maintaining tropical diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben G Weinstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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48
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Hiraiwa MK, Ushimaru A. Low functional diversity promotes niche changes in natural island pollinator communities. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:rspb.2016.2218. [PMID: 28077773 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional diversity loss among pollinators has rapidly progressed across the globe and is expected to influence plant-pollinator interactions in natural communities. Although recent findings suggest that the disappearance of a certain pollinator functional group may cause niche expansions and/or shifts in other groups, no study has examined this prediction in natural communities with high plant and pollinator diversities. By comparing coastal pollination networks on continental and oceanic islands, we examined how community-level flower visit patterns are influenced by the relative biomass of long-tongued pollinators (RBLP). We found that RBLP significantly correlated with pollinator functional diversity and was lower in oceanic than in continental islands. Pollinator niches shifted with decreasing RBLP, such that diverse species with various proboscis lengths, especially short-tongued species, increasingly visited long-tubed flowers. However, we found no conspicuous negative impacts of low RBLP and the consequent niche shifts on pollinator visit frequencies to flowers in oceanic island communities. Notably, fruit set significantly decreased as RBLP decreased in a study plant species. These results suggest that niche shifts by other functional groups can generally compensate for a decline in long-tongued pollinators in natural communities, but there may be negative impacts on plant reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi K Hiraiwa
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Atushi Ushimaru
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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49
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Johnson SD, Moré M, Amorim FW, Haber WA, Frankie GW, Stanley DA, Coccuci AA, Raguso RA. The long and the short of it: a global analysis of hawkmoth pollination niches and interaction networks. Funct Ecol 2016; 31:101-115. [PMID: 28344378 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1. Proboscis length has been proposed as a key dimension of plant pollination niches, but this niche space has not previously been explored at regional and global scales for any pollination system. Hawkmoths are ideal organisms for exploring pollinator niches as they are important pollinators in most of the biodiverse regions of the earth and vary greatly in proboscis length, with some species having the longest proboscides of all insects. 2. Using datasets for nine biogeographical regions spanning the Old and New World, we ask whether it is possible to identify distinct hawkmoth pollination niches based on the frequency distribution of proboscis length, and whether these niches are reflected in the depths of flowers that are pollinated by hawkmoths. We also investigate the levels of specialization in hawkmoth pollination systems at the regional and community level using data from interaction network studies. 3. We found that most regional hawkmoth assemblages have bimodal or multimodal distributions of proboscis length, and that these are matched by similar distributions of floral tube lengths. Hawkmoths, particularly those with longer proboscides, are polyphagous and at the network level show foraging specialization equivalent to or less than that of bees and hummingbirds. In the case of plants, shorter-tubed flowers are usually visited by numerous hawkmoth species, while those that are longer-tubed tend to exclude shorter-proboscid hawkmoths and thus become ecologically specialized on longer-proboscid hawkmoth species. Longer-tubed flowers tend to have greater nectar rewards and this promotes short-term constancy by long-proboscid hawkmoths. 4. Our results show that pollinator proboscis length is a key niche axis for plants and can account for patterns of evolution in functional traits such as floral tube length and nectar volume. We also highlight a paradoxical trend for nectar resource niche breadth to increase according to proboscis length of pollinators, while pollinator niche breadth decreases according to the tube length of flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Johnson
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Marcela Moré
- Laboratorio de Biologıa Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologıa Vegetal (CONICET-UNCba), CC 495, CP 5000, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Felipe W Amorim
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gordon W Frankie
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, UC Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dara A Stanley
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Andrea A Coccuci
- Laboratorio de Biologıa Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologıa Vegetal (CONICET-UNCba), CC 495, CP 5000, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Robert A Raguso
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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