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Zheng B, Dong P, Zhao T, Deng Y, Li J, Song L, Wang J, Zhou L, Shi J, Wu Z. Strategies for regulating the intensity of different cyanobacterial blooms: Insights from the dynamics and stability of bacterioplankton communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170707. [PMID: 38325489 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms is increasing in frequency and magnitude due to climate change and human activities, which poses a direct threat to drinking water security. The impacts of abiotic and biotic factors on the development of blooms have been well studied; however, control strategies for different bloom intensities have rarely been explored from the perspective of the dynamics and stability of bacterioplankton communities. Here, a network analysis was used to investigate the interactions and stability of microbial communities during different periods of R. raciborskii bloom in an inland freshwater lake. The abundance and diversity of rare taxa were significantly higher than that of abundant taxa throughout the bloom cycle. At the pre-bloom (PB) stage, microbial interactions among the different bacterial groups were weak but strongly negatively correlated, indicating low robustness and weak disturbance resistance within the community. However, community stability was better, and microbial interactions became more complicated at the high-bloom (HB) and low-bloom (LB) stages. Interestingly, rare taxa were significantly responsible for community stability and connectivity despite their low relative abundance. The Mantel test revealed that Secchi depth (SD), orthophosphate (PO43--P), and dissolved oxygen (DO) were significantly positively correlated with abundant taxa, rare taxa and PB. DO was significantly positively correlated with HB, intermediate taxa, and rare taxa, while water temperature (WT), N/P and total nitrogen (TN) were significantly positively correlated with LB, abundant taxa, intermediate taxa, and rare taxa. These findings suggest that reducing the PO43--P concentration at the PB stage may be an effective approach to preventing the development of R. raciborskii blooms, while regulating rare taxa at the HB and LB stages may be a key factor in controlling R. raciborskii blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Peichang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Teng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuting Deng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Lirong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jinna Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junqiong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhongxing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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2
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Song J, Xu Z, Li H, Chen Y, Guo J. Visible-Light-Activated Carbon Dot Photocatalyst for ROS-Mediated Inhibition of Algae Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13509. [PMID: 37686316 PMCID: PMC10487890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing occurrence of detrimental algal blooms resulting from industrial and agricultural activities emphasizes the urgency of implementing efficient removal strategies. In this study, we have successfully synthesized stable and biocompatible carbon dots (R-CDs) capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon exposure to natural light irradiation. Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel (PGS) was selected as a representative model for conducting anti-algal experiments. Remarkably, in the presence of R-CDs, the complete eradication of harmful algae within a simulated light exposure period of 27 h was achieved. Furthermore, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) was first employed to study the physiological processes involved in the oxidative stress induced by PGS when subjected to ROS attack. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of R-CDs as a highly promising anti-algal agent. This elucidation of the mechanism contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the efficacy and effectiveness of such agents in combating algal growth, further inspiring the development of other anti-algal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.S.); (Z.X.); (J.G.)
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.S.); (Z.X.); (J.G.)
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Song J, Xu Z, Chen Y, Guo J. Nanoparticles, an Emerging Control Method for Harmful Algal Blooms: Current Technologies, Challenges, and Perspectives. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2384. [PMID: 37630969 PMCID: PMC10457966 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a global concern because they harm aquatic ecosystems and pose a risk to human health. Various physical, chemical, and biological approaches have been explored to control HABs. However, these methods have limitations in terms of cost, environmental impact, and effectiveness, particularly for large water bodies. Recently, the use of nanoparticles has emerged as a promising strategy for controlling HABs. Briefly, nanoparticles can act as anti-algae agents via several mechanisms, including photocatalysis, flocculation, oxidation, adsorption, and nutrient recovery. Compared with traditional methods, nanoparticle-based approaches offer advantages in terms of environmental friendliness, effectiveness, and specificity. However, the challenges and risks associated with nanoparticles, such as their toxicity and ecological impact, must be considered. In this review, we summarize recent research progress concerning the use of nanoparticles to control HABs, compare the advantages and disadvantages of different types of nanoparticles, discuss the factors influencing their effectiveness and environmental impact, and suggest future directions for research and development in this field. Additionally, we explore the causes of algal blooms, their harmful effects, and various treatment methods, including restricting eutrophication, biological control, and disrupting living conditions. The potential of photocatalysis for generating reactive oxygen species and nutrient control methods using nanomaterials are also discussed in detail. Moreover, the application of flocculants/coagulants for algal removal is highlighted, along with the challenges and potential solutions associated with their use. This comprehensive overview aims to contribute to the development of efficient and sustainable strategies for controlling HAB control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.S.); (Z.X.)
| | - Jiaqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.S.); (Z.X.)
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Aranda YN, Bhatt P, Ates N, Engel BA, Simsek H. Cyanophage-cyanobacterial interactions for sustainable aquatic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115728. [PMID: 36966999 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a type of bloom-forming phytoplankton that cause environmental problems in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHAB) often produce cyanotoxins that affect public health by contaminating surface waters and drinking water reservoirs. Conventional drinking water treatment plants are ineffective in treating cyanotoxins, even though some treatment methods are available. Therefore, innovative and advanced treatment methods are required to control cyanoHABs and their cyanotoxins. The goal of this review paper is to provide insight into the use of cyanophages as an effective form of biological control method for the removal of cyanoHABs in aquatic systems. Moreover, the review contains information on cyanobacterial blooms, cyanophage-cyanobacteria interactions, including infection mechanisms, as well as examples of different types of cyanobacteria and cyanophages. Moreover, the real-life application of cyanophages in marine and freshwater environments and the mode of action of cyanophages were compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanys Nadir Aranda
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Nuray Ates
- Department of Environmental Engineering Department, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Bernard A Engel
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
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Zhang D, You F, He Y, Te SH, Gin KYH. Corrected and Republished from: "Isolation and Characterization of the First Freshwater Cyanophage Infecting Pseudanabaena". J Virol 2023; 97:e0040523. [PMID: 37074059 PMCID: PMC10286775 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00405-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are the major primary producers in both freshwater and marine environments. However, the majority of freshwater cyanophages remain unknown due to the limited number of cyanophage isolates. In this study, we present a novel lytic freshwater cyanophage, PA-SR01, which was isolated from the Singapore Serangoon Reservoir. To our knowledge, this is the first isolate of a cyanophage that has been found to infect the cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena. PA-SR01 has a narrow host range, a short latent period, and is chloroform sensitive. PA-SR01 is a member of Siphoviridae with a long noncontractile tail. It is a double-stranded DNA virus with a 137,012-bp genome. Functional annotation for the predicted open reading frames (ORFs) of the PA-SR01 genome identified genes with putative functions related to DNA metabolism, structural proteins, lysis, host-derived metabolic genes, and DNA packaging. Out of 166 predicted ORFs, only 17 ORFs have homology with genes with known function. Phylogenetic analysis of the major capsid protein and terminase large subunit further suggests that phage PA-SR01 is evolutionary distinct from known cyanophages. Metagenomics sequence recruitment onto the PA-SR01 genome indicates that PA-SR01 represents a new evolutionary lineage of phage which shares considerable genetic similarities with phage sequences in aquatic environments and could play key ecological roles. IMPORTANCE This study presents the isolation of the very first freshwater cyanophage, PA-SR01, that infects Pseudanabaena, and fills an important knowledge gap on freshwater cyanophages as well as cyanophages infecting Pseudanabaena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fang You
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Harn Te
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Zhu X, Li Z, Tong Y, Chen L, Sun T, Zhang W. From natural to artificial cyanophages: Current progress and application prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115428. [PMID: 36746205 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The over proliferation of harmful cyanobacteria and their cyanotoxins resulted in damaged aquatic ecosystem, polluted drinking water and threatened human health. Cyanophages are a kind of viruses that exclusively infect cyanobacteria, which is considered as a potential strategy to deal with cyanobacterial blooms. Nevertheless, the infecting host range and/or lysis efficiency of natural cyanophages is limited, rising the necessity of constructing non-natural cyanophages via artificial modification, design and synthesis to expand their host range and/or efficiency. The paper firstly reviewed representative cyanophages such as P60 with a short latent period of 1.5 h and S-CBS1 having a burst size up to 200 PFU/cell. To explore the in-silico design principles, we critically summarized the interactions between cyanophages and the hosts, indicating modifying the recognized receptors, enhancing the adsorption ability, changing the lysogeny and excluding the defense of hosts are important for artificial cyanophages. The research progress of synthesizing artificial cyanophages were summarized subsequently, raising the importance of developing genetic manipulation technologies and their rescue strategies in the future. Meanwhile, Large-scale preparation of cyanophages for bloom control is a big challenge. The application prospects of artificial cyanophages besides cyanobacteria bloom control like adaptive evolution and phage therapy were discussed at last. The review will promote the design, synthesis and application of cyanophages for cyanobacteria blooms, which may provide new insights for the related water pollution control and ensuring hydrosphere security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology & Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Zipeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology & Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
| | - Tao Sun
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology & Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology & Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
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Bhatt P, Engel BA, Reuhs M, Simsek H. Cyanophage technology in removal of cyanobacteria mediated harmful algal blooms: A novel and eco-friendly method. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137769. [PMID: 36623591 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyanophages are highly abundant specific viruses that infect cyanobacterial cells. In recent years, the cyanophages and cyanobacteria interactions drew attention to environmental restoration due to their discovery in marine and freshwater systems. Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) are increasing throughout the world and contaminating aquatic ecosystems. The blooms cause severe environmental problems including unpleasant odors and cyanotoxin production. Cyanotoxins have been reported to be lethal agents for living beings and can harm animals, people, aquatic species, recreational activities, and drinking water reservoirs. Biological remediation of cyanoHABs in aquatic systems is a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to increasing surface water quality. Therefore, this study compiles the fragmented information with the solution of removal of cyanoHABs using cyanophage therapy techniques. To date, scant information exists in terms of bloom formation, cyanophage occurrence, and mode of action to remediate cyanoHABs. Overall, this study illustrates cyanobacterial toxin production and its impacts on the environment, the mechanisms involved in the cyanophage-cyanobacteria interaction, and the application of cyanophages for the removal of toxic cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Bernard A Engel
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mikael Reuhs
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Rashid J, Imtiaz F, Xu M, Savina IN. Hydrogen peroxide modified and bismuth vanadate decorated titanium dioxide nanocomposite (BiVO 4@HMT) for enhanced visible light photocatalytic growth inhibition of harmful cyanobacteria in water. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31338-31351. [PMID: 36349036 PMCID: PMC9623613 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of harmful cyanobacterial algal blooms in aquatic ecosystems leads to health damage for various life forms. In this study, a photocatalyst active in the visible light range was prepared by combining BiVO4 with hydrogen peroxide modified titanium dioxide (BiVO4@HMT; for short), using an impregnation method. The catalyst was used to photocatalytically inhibit the growth of cyanobacteria collected from a bloom site. To infer the optimum pH for cyanobacterial growth, the effect of pH was studied. The growth of cyanobacteria was favoured in an alkaline environment at pH values in the range of 8-9.5 when analysed on the 20th day of incubation. Structural and chemical analysis of pristine and composite nano-powders was performed using XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS, confirming the heterojunction formation, while optical and band gap analysis revealed increased visible light absorption and reduced band gap of the composite. A small strawberry seed-like assembly of BiVO4 particles increased the light absorption in the 15%BiVO4@HMT composite and increased the inhibition efficiency up to 2.56 times compared to pristine HMT at an exposure time of 6 h and cell concentration at 0.1 g L-1 with an optimum catalyst dose of 1 g L-1. The amount of chlorophyll 'a' decreased due to the generation of catalytically reactive species, especially holes (h+), which caused oxidative damage to the cell wall, cell membrane and antioxidants in algal cells. This study reports that visible light active nanocatalysts can be used as a promising method for reducing algal blooms in water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshaid Rashid
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory for Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at ZhuhaiZhuhai 519087China,Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan
| | - Fatima Imtiaz
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan
| | - Ming Xu
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory for Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at ZhuhaiZhuhai 519087China
| | - Irina N. Savina
- School of Applied Sciences, University of BrightonHuxley Building, Lewes RoadBrighton BN2 4GJUK
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Kang L, Mucci M, Lürling M. Compounds to mitigate cyanobacterial blooms affect growth and toxicity of Microcystis aeruginosa. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 118:102311. [PMID: 36195425 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Numerous products and techniques are used to combat harmful cyanobacterial blooms in lakes. In this study, we tested nine products, the phosphate binders Phoslock® and Aqual-PTM, the coagulant chitosan, the phosphorus binder and coagulant aluminum salts (aluminum sulphate and sodium aluminate), the copper-based algicides SeClear, Captain® XTR and CuSO4·5H2O, the antibiotic Streptomycin and the oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on their efficiency to manage the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa). To this end, 7 days of laboratory experiments were conducted and effects were determined on chlorophyll-a, photosystem II efficiency (PSII), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and intracellular and extracellular microcystin (MC) concentrations. The algicides, chitosan and H2O2 were the most powerful in reducing cyanobacteria biomass. Biomass reductions compared to the controls yielded: Chitosan (99.8%) > Hydrogen peroxide (99.6%) > Captain XTR (98.2%) > SeClear (98.1%) > CuSO4·5H2O (97.8%) > Streptomycin (86.6%) > Phoslock® (42.6%) > Aqual-PTM (28.4%) > alum (5.5%). Compounds that caused the largest reductions in biomass also strongly lowered photosystem II efficiency, while the other compounds (Phoslock®, Aqual-PTM, aluminum salts) had no effect on PSII, but strongly reduced SRP. Intracellular MC concentration followed the biomass patterns, extracellular MC was generally lower at higher doses of algicides, chitosan and H2O2 after one week. Recovery of PSII was observed in most algicides and chitosan, but not at the highest doses of SeClear and in all streptomycin treatments. Our results revealed that M. aeruginosa can be killed rapidly using several compounds, that in some treatments already signs of recovery occurred within one week. P fixatives are efficient in reducing SRP, and thus acting via resource suppression, which potentially may provide an addition to fast-acting algicides that kill most of the cells, but allow rapid regrowth as sufficient nutrients remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Kang
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maíra Mucci
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Ke M, Feng L, Huang S, Lu T, Yu Z, Yang Y, Hu H, Peijnenburg WJGM, Feng L, Qian H. Development of a Potentially New Algaecide for Controlling Harmful Cyanobacteria Blooms Which is Ecologically Safe and Selective. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10134-10143. [PMID: 35972278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) caused by Microcystis aeruginosa are of great concern as they negatively affect the aquatic environment and human health. Chemical methods could rapidly eradicate HCBs and have been used for many decades. However, many chemical reagents are not recommended to eliminate HCBs in the long term, given the possible destructive and toxic effects of the chemicals employed on non-target aquatic organisms. We developed a new algaecide, 2-((1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio)-N-(4-chlorophenyl) acetamide (Q2), to control harmful cyanobacteria while being environmentally friendly and selective. In our study, Q2 effectively inhibited cyanobacterial growth, especially of M. aeruginosa, but did not affect eukaryotic algae in test concentrations. A critical mechanism was revealed by transcriptome and metagenomic results showing that Q2 affects multiple cellular targets of cyanobacteria for HCB control, including the destruction of organelles, damage in the photosynthesis center, as well as inhibition of gas vesicle growth, and these changes can be highly relevant to the decrease of quorum-sensing functional KEGG pathways. Furthermore, Q2 did not affect the microbial composition and could recover the disrupted aquatic functional pathways in a short period. This is different from the impact on ecosystem functioning of the traditionally used harmful algaecide diuron. All these results verified that Q2 could be friendly to the aquatic environment, providing a new directional choice in managing HCBs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Ke
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310014, China
| | - Lan Feng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310014, China
| | - Shi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310014, China
| | - Zhitao Yu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310014, China
| | - Yaohui Yang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310014, China
| | - Hang Hu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310014, China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden2300 RA, The Netherlands
- Center for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven3720, The Netherlands
| | - Lingling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310014, China
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11
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Du K, Yang F, Zhang JT, Yu RC, Deng Z, Li WF, Chen Y, Li Q, Zhou CZ. Comparative genomic analysis of five freshwater cyanophages and reference-guided metagenomic data mining. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:128. [PMID: 35974417 PMCID: PMC9382816 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As important producers using photosynthesis on Earth, cyanobacteria contribute to the oxygenation of atmosphere and the primary production of biosphere. However, due to the eutrophication of urban waterbodies and global warming, uncontrollable growth of cyanobacteria usually leads to the seasonal outbreak of cyanobacterial blooms. Cyanophages, a group of viruses that specifically infect and lyse cyanobacteria, are considered as potential environment-friendly agents to control the harmful blooms. Compared to the marine counterparts, only a few freshwater cyanophages have been isolated and genome sequenced to date, largely limiting their characterizations and applications. RESULTS Here, we isolated five freshwater cyanophages varying in tail morphology, termed Pam1~Pam5, all of which infect the cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena mucicola Chao 1806 that was isolated from the bloom-suffering Lake Chaohu in Anhui, China. The whole-genome sequencing showed that cyanophages Pam1~Pam5 all contain a dsDNA genome, varying in size from 36 to 142 Kb. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that Pam1~Pam5 possess different DNA packaging mechanisms and are evolutionarily distinct from each other. Notably, Pam1 and Pam5 have lysogeny-associated gene clusters, whereas Pam2 possesses 9 punctuated DNA segments identical to the CRISPR spacers in the host genome. Metagenomic data-based calculation of the relative abundance of Pam1~Pam5 at the Nanfei estuary towards the Lake Chaohu revealed that the short-tailed Pam1 and Pam5 account for the majority of the five cyanophages. Moreover, comparative analyses of the reference genomes of Pam1~Pam5 and previously reported cyanophages enabled us to identify three circular and seven linear contigs of virtual freshwater cyanophages from the metagenomic data of the Lake Chaohu. CONCLUSIONS We propose a high-throughput strategy to systematically identify cyanophages based on the currently available metagenomic data and the very limited reference genomes of experimentally isolated cyanophages. This strategy could be applied to mine the complete or partial genomes of unculturable bacteriophages and viruses. Transformation of the synthesized whole genomes of these virtual phages/viruses to proper hosts will enable the rescue of bona fide viral particles and eventually enrich the library of microorganisms that exist on Earth. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Du
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Jun-Tao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Rong-Cheng Yu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Ziqing Deng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- BGI-Beijing, BGI-Shenzhen, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei-Fang Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Qiong Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
| | - Cong-Zhao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
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The Self-Bleaching Process of Microcystis aeruginosa is Delayed by a Symbiotic Bacterium Pseudomonas sp. MAE1-K and Promoted by Methionine Deficiency. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0181422. [PMID: 35771009 PMCID: PMC9430746 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01814-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Various interactions between marine cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria have been known, but the symbiotic relationships between Microcystis and heterotrophic bacteria remain unclear. An axenic M. aeruginosa culture (NIES-298) was quickly bleached after exponential growth, whereas a xenic M. aeruginosa culture (KW) showed a normal growth curve, suggesting that some symbiotic bacteria may delay this bleaching. The bleaching process of M. aeruginosa was distinguished from the phenomena of previously proposed chlorosis and programmed cell death in various characteristics. Bleached cultures of NIES-298 quickly bleached actively growing M. aeruginosa cultures, suggesting that M. aeruginosa itself produces bleach-causing compounds. Pseudomonas sp. MAE1-K delaying the bleaching of NIES-298 cultures was isolated from the KW culture. Bleached cultures of NIES-298 treated with strain MAE1-K lost their bleaching ability, suggesting that strain MAE1-K rescues M. aeruginosa from bleaching via inactivation of bleaching compounds. From Tn5 transposon mutant screening, a metZ mutant of strain MAE1-K (F-D3) unable to synthesize methionine, promoting the bleaching of NIES-298 cultures but capable of inactivating bleaching compounds, was obtained. The bleaching process of NIES-298 cultures was promoted with the coculture of mutant F-D3 and delayed by methionine supplementation, suggesting that the bleaching process of M. aeruginosa is promoted by methionine deficiency. IMPORTANCE Cyanobacterial blooms in freshwaters represent serious global concerns for the ecosystem and human health. In this study, we found that one of the major species in cyanobacterial blooms, Microcystis aeruginosa, was quickly collapsed after exponential growth by producing self-bleaching compounds and that a symbiotic bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. MAE1-K delayed the bleaching process via the inactivation of bleaching compounds. In addition, we found that a metZ mutant of strain MAE1-K (F-D3) causing methionine deficiency promoted the bleaching process of M. aeruginosa, suggesting that methionine deficiency may induce the production of bleaching compounds. These results will provide insights into the symbiotic relationships between M. aeruginosa and heterotrophic bacteria that will contribute to developing novel strategies to control cyanobacterial blooms.
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Wang K, Mou X, Cao H, Struewing I, Allen J, Lu J. Co-occurring microorganisms regulate the succession of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117682. [PMID: 34271516 PMCID: PMC8478823 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) have been found to transmit from N2 fixer-dominated to non-N2 fixer-dominated in many freshwater environments when the supply of N decreases. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying such "counter-intuitive" CyanoHAB species succession, metatranscriptomes (biotic data) and water quality-related variables (abiotic data) were analyzed weekly during a bloom season in Harsha Lake, a multipurpose lake that serves as a drinking water source and recreational ground. Our results showed that CyanoHABs in Harsha Lake started with N2-fixing Anabaena in June (ANA stage) when N was high, and transitioned to non-N2-fixing Microcystis- and Planktothrix-dominated in July (MIC-PLA stage) when N became limited (low TN/TP). Meanwhile, the concentrations of cyanotoxins, i.e., microcystins were significantly higher in the MIC-PLA stage. Water quality results revealed that N species (i.e., TN, TN/TP) and water temperature were significantly correlated with cyanobacterial biomass. Expression levels of several C- and N-processing-related cyanobacterial genes were highly predictive of the biomass of their species. More importantly, the biomasses of Microcystis and Planktothrix were also significantly associated with expressions of microbial genes (mostly from heterotrophic bacteria) related to processing organic substrates (alkaline phosphatase, peptidase, carbohydrate-active enzymes) and cyanophage genes. Collectively, our results suggest that besides environmental conditions and inherent traits of specific cyanobacterial species, the development and succession of CyanoHABs are regulated by co-occurring microorganisms. Specifically, the co-occurring microorganisms can alleviate the nutrient limitation of cyanobacteria by remineralizing organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Xiaozhen Mou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Huansheng Cao
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | - Ian Struewing
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joel Allen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jingrang Lu
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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Growth characteristics of lytic cyanophages newly isolated from the Nakdong River, Korea. Virus Res 2021; 306:198600. [PMID: 34648883 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyanophages are primary regulators of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs), and they control host cyanobacterial dynamics, frequency, and diversity in the aquatic environment. This study deals with growth characteristics of three lytic cyanophages, Myoviridae AGM-1, Myoviridae NGM-1, and Podoviridae NDP-1, newly isolated from the Nakdong River in South Korea. These isolates are capable of infecting Amazoninema brasiliense, Nododsilinea nodulosa, and Nostoc sp. The results showed that abiotic parameters such as water temperature and pH balance significantly affect the growth of a cyanophage and the interaction with its host in the aquatic environment. The optimal growth conditions of the newly isolated cyanophages are less than 37 °C and pH 9, whereas optimal conditions are 25-30 °C and pH 7 for the cyanobacteria used as hosts. However, each cyanophage was found to have significantly different growth characteristics in phage titer, latent period, and burst size, depending on the characteristics of the species. Among the three cyanophages, Podoviridae NDP-1 showed the highest burst size and infection activity. The lower the designed multiplicity of infection (MOI) ratio (0.01 to 10), the longer it takes to lyse the host cells. The minimum MOI value for sustainable biocontrol of CyanoHABs is proposed as MOI=1. These results can be used as basic information in further studies, such as pyophage control of CyanoHABs and enrichment of cyanophages with high activity.
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Sha J, Xiong H, Li C, Lu Z, Zhang J, Zhong H, Zhang W, Yan B. Harmful algal blooms and their eco-environmental indication. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129912. [PMID: 33979937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) in freshwater lakes and oceans date back to as early as the 19th century, which can cause the death of aquatic and terrestrial organisms. However, it was not until the end of the 20th century that researchers had started to pay attention to the hazards and causes of HABs. In this study, we analyzed 5720 published literatures on HABs studies in the past 30 years. Our review presents the emerging trends in the past 30 years on HABs studies, the environmental and human health risks, prevention and control strategies and future developments. Therefore, this review provides a global perspective of HABs and calls for immediate responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sha
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China; School of Tourism and Resource Environment, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China
| | - Haiyan Xiong
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Lu
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35924, United States
| | - Jichao Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zerrifi SEA, Redouane EM, Mugani R, Ribeiro I, de Fátima Carvalho M, Campos A, Barakate M, Vasconcelos V, Oudra B, El Khalloufi F. Moroccan actinobacteria with promising activity against toxic cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:235-245. [PMID: 32808126 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) have become a severe hazard for human health mainly in drinking water resources and are responsible for serious ecological disturbances in freshwater ecosystems. The present study aims to explore the potential of actinobacteria isolated from sediment samples collected from Moroccan salt river to control HCBs mainly through Microcystis aeruginosa lysis. In order to investigate the possible anti-cyanobacterial response mechanisms, the antioxidant enzyme activities of M. aeruginosa cells were analysed. Anti-cyanobacterial activity was tested using the agar cylinder method against the toxic cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa. Amongst the twenty-three isolates tested, only one showed promising anti-cyanobacterial activities with inhibition zone (ZI) equal to 22.00 mm, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) equal to 19.53 mg/L and minimum bactericidal concentration MBC equal to 39.06 mg/L. Phylogenetic analysis of the near-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the strain DS1R1 belongs to the genus Streptomyces and has the highest similarity (100%) to Streptomyces sp. Indeed, M. aeruginosa growth, chlorophyll-a and protein content were significantly reduced by Streptomyces sp. DS1R1 extract. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly elevated after treatment with Streptomyces sp. DS1R1 extract. These experimental findings provided insights in the development of a new eco-friendly procedure based on the use of actinobacteria for toxic cyanobacterial bloom bio-control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina El Amrani Zerrifi
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory. Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - El Mahdi Redouane
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory. Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Richard Mugani
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory. Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Inês Ribeiro
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Maria de Fátima Carvalho
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Campos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Mustapha Barakate
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Science Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Brahim Oudra
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory. Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Fatima El Khalloufi
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Environmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, B.P. 145, 25000, Khouribga, Morocco
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Lin W, Li D, Sun Z, Tong Y, Yan X, Wang C, Zhang X, Pei G. A novel freshwater cyanophage vB_MelS-Me-ZS1 infecting bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis elabens. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7979-7989. [PMID: 33025507 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Blooms of cyanobacteria cause enormous losses in both the economy and environment. Cyanophages are of great potential for fighting blooming cyanobacteria. Research report on cyanophage of bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis elabens is deficient. vB_MelS-Me-ZS1 (abbreviated as Me-ZS1) was isolated from fresh water by double-layer agar plate method using M. elabens. TEM exhibited that cyanosiphovirus Me-ZS1 has an icosahedral head about 60 nm in diameter, and a noncontractile tail approximately 260 nm. Experimental infection against 15 cyanobacterial strains showed that Me-ZS1 can infect 12 strains across taxonomic orders (Chroococcales, Nostocales and Oscillatoriales). High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis revealed that Me-ZS1 has a double-stranded DNA genome of 49,665 bp, with a G + C content of 58.22%, and 73 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). BLASTn and ORF comparisons showed that Me-ZS1 shares very low homology with the public sequences, and the phylogenetic tree based on TerL indicated that Me-ZS1 may delegate a novel and genetically distinct clade of Siphoviridae phages. In microcosm experiment, Me-ZS1 represented apparent effect on reducing relative abundance of cyanobacteria, increasing relative abundance of Saprospiraceae and protecting brocade carp (Carassius auratus) in cyanobacterial bloom water. This study isolated and characterized a novel broad-host-range Microcystis phage Me-ZS1 presenting a genetically distinct clade of freshwater cyanophage. The features of cyanophage Me-ZS1 provide a potential solution to the loss caused by cyanobacterial bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhitong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yigang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangqian Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
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Morimoto D, Šulčius S, Yoshida T. Viruses of freshwater bloom-forming cyanobacteria: genomic features, infection strategies and coexistence with the host. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 12:486-502. [PMID: 32754956 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater bloom-forming cyanobacteria densely grow in the aquatic environments, leading to an increase in the viral-contact rate. They possess numerous antiviral genes, as well as cell differentiation- and physiological performance-related genes, owing to genome expansion. Their genomic features and unique lifestyles suggest that they coexist with cyanoviruses in ways different from marine cyanobacteria. Furthermore, genome contents of isolated freshwater bloom-forming cyanobacterial viruses have little in common with those of marine cyanoviruses studied to date. They lack the marine cyanoviral hallmark genes that sustain photosynthetic activity and redirect host metabolism to viral reproduction; therefore, they are predicted to share metabolisms and precursor pools with host cyanobacteria to ensure efficient viral reproduction and avoid nutrient deficiencies and antiviral response. Additionally, cyanovirus-cyanobacteria coexistence strategies may change as bloom density increases. Diverse genotypic populations of cyanoviruses and hosts coexist and fluctuate under high viral-contact rate conditions, leading to their rapid coevolution through antiviral responses. The ancestral and newly evolved genotypes coexist, thereby expanding the diversity levels of host and viral populations. Bottleneck events occurring due to season-related decreases in bloom-forming species abundance provide each genotype within cyanobacterial population an equal chance to increase in prevalence during the next bloom and enhance further diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Morimoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Sigitas Šulčius
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, Vilnius, 08412, Lithuania
| | - Takashi Yoshida
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Kuznecova J, Šulčius S, Vogts A, Voss M, Jürgens K, Šimoliūnas E. Nitrogen Flow in Diazotrophic Cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Is Altered by Cyanophage Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2010. [PMID: 32973727 PMCID: PMC7466765 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses can significantly influence cyanobacteria population dynamics and activity, and through this the biogeochemical cycling of major nutrients. However, surprisingly little attention has been given to understand how viral infections alter the ability of diazotrophic cyanobacteria for atmospheric nitrogen fixation and its release to the environment. This study addressed the importance of cyanophages for net 15N2 assimilation rate, expression of nitrogenase reductase gene (nifH) and changes in nitrogen enrichment (15N/14N) in the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae during infection by the cyanophage vB_AphaS-CL131. We found that while the growth of A. flos-aquae was inhibited by cyanophage addition (decreased from 0.02 h–1 to 0.002 h–1), there were no significant differences in nitrogen fixation rates (control: 22.7 × 10–7 nmol N heterocyte–1; infected: 23.9 × 10–7 nmol N heterocyte–1) and nifH expression level (control: 0.6–1.6 transcripts heterocyte–1; infected: 0.7–1.1 transcripts heterocyte–1) between the infected and control A. flos-aquae cultures. This implies that cyanophage genome replication and progeny production within the vegetative cells does not interfere with the N2 fixation reactions in the heterocytes of these cyanobacteria. However, higher 15N enrichment at the poles of heterocytes of the infected A. flos-aquae, revealed by NanoSIMS analysis indicates the accumulation of fixed nitrogen in response to cyanophage addition. This suggests reduced nitrogen transport to vegetative cells and the alterations in the flow of fixed nitrogen within the filaments. In addition, we found that cyanophage lysis resulted in a substantial release of ammonium into culture medium. Cyanophage infection seems to substantially redirect N flow from cyanobacterial biomass to the production of N storage compounds and N release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolita Kuznecova
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Šulčius
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Angela Vogts
- Section Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Maren Voss
- Section Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Klaus Jürgens
- Section Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Eugenijus Šimoliūnas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Isolation and Characterization of the First Freshwater Cyanophage Infecting Pseudanabaena. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00682-20. [PMID: 32611754 PMCID: PMC7431792 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00682-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are the major primary producers in both freshwater and marine environments. However, the majority of freshwater cyanophages remain unknown due to the limited number of cyanophage isolates. In this study, we present a novel lytic freshwater cyanophage, PA-SR01, which was isolated from the Singapore Serangoon Reservoir. To our knowledge, this is the first isolate of a cyanophage that has been found to infect the cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena PA-SR01 has a narrow host range, a short latent period, and is chloroform sensitive. Distinct from the majority of cyanophage isolates, PA-SR01 has a tailless morphology. It is a double-stranded DNA virus with a 137,012-bp genome. Functional annotation for the predicted open reading frames (ORFs) of the PA-SR01 genome identified genes with putative functions related to DNA metabolism, structural proteins, lysis, host-derived metabolic genes, and DNA packaging. Out of 166 predicted ORFs, only 17 ORFs have homology with genes with known function. Phylogenetic analysis of the major capsid protein and terminase large subunit further suggests that phage PA-SR01 is evolutionary distinct from known cyanophages. Metagenomics sequence recruitment onto the PA-SR01 genome indicates that PA-SR01 represents a new evolutionary lineage of phage which shares considerable genetic similarities with phage sequences in aquatic environments and could play key ecological roles.IMPORTANCE This study presents the isolation of the very first freshwater cyanophage, PA-SR01, that infects Pseudanabaena, and fills an important knowledge gap on freshwater cyanophages as well as cyanophages infecting Pseudanabaena.
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El Amrani Zerrifi S, El Khalloufi F, Mugani R, El Mahdi R, Kasrati A, Soulaimani B, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR, Amaral JS, Finimundy TC, Abbad A, Oudra B, Campos A, Vasconcelos V. Seaweed Essential Oils as a New Source of Bioactive Compounds for Cyanobacteria Growth Control: Innovative Ecological Biocontrol Approach. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E527. [PMID: 32824610 PMCID: PMC7472222 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12080527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of natural compounds extracted from seaweeds is a promising eco-friendly alternative solution for harmful algae control in aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the anti-cyanobacterial activity of three Moroccan marine macroalgae essential oils (EOs) was tested and evaluated on unicellular Microcystis aeruginosa cyanobacterium. Additionally, the possible anti-cyanobacterial response mechanisms were investigated by analyzing the antioxidant enzyme activities of M. aeruginosa cells. The results of EOs GC-MS analyses revealed a complex chemical composition, allowing the identification of 91 constituents. Palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid were the most predominant compounds in Cystoseira tamariscifolia, Sargassum muticum, and Ulva lactuca EOs, respectively. The highest anti-cyanobacterial activity was recorded for Cystoseira tamariscifolia EO (ZI = 46.33 mm, MIC = 7.81 μg mL-1, and MBC = 15.62 μg mL-1). The growth, chlorophyll-a and protein content of the tested cyanobacteria were significantly reduced by C. tamariscifolia EO at both used concentrations (inhibition rate >67% during the 6 days test period in liquid media). Furthermore, oxidative stress caused by C. tamariscifolia EO on cyanobacterium cells showed an increase of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was significantly elevated after 2 days of exposure. Overall, these experimental findings can open a promising new natural pathway based on the use of seaweed essential oils to the fight against potent toxic harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina El Amrani Zerrifi
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco; (S.E.A.Z.); (R.M.); (R.E.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Fatima El Khalloufi
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Environmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, P.B. 145, 25000 Khouribga, Morocco;
| | - Richard Mugani
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco; (S.E.A.Z.); (R.M.); (R.E.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Redouane El Mahdi
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco; (S.E.A.Z.); (R.M.); (R.E.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Ayoub Kasrati
- Department of Health and Agro-Industry Engineering, High School of Engineering and Innovation of Marrakesh (E2IM), Private University of Marrakesh (UPM), 42312 Marrakech, Morocco;
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Science Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco; (B.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Bouchra Soulaimani
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Science Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco; (B.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.B.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (J.S.A.); (T.C.F.)
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.B.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (J.S.A.); (T.C.F.)
| | - Joana S. Amaral
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.B.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (J.S.A.); (T.C.F.)
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiane Cristine Finimundy
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (L.B.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (J.S.A.); (T.C.F.)
| | - Abdelaziz Abbad
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Science Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco; (B.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Brahim Oudra
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco; (S.E.A.Z.); (R.M.); (R.E.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Alexandre Campos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
- Departament of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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22
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Zerrifi SEA, Mugani R, Redouane EM, El Khalloufi F, Campos A, Vasconcelos V, Oudra B. Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms (HCBs): innovative green bioremediation process based on anti-cyanobacteria bioactive natural products. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:31-44. [PMID: 32803344 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms (HCBs) represent one of the most conspicuous hazards to human health in freshwater ecosystems, due to the uses of the water for drinking, recreation and aquaculture. Cyanobacteria are one of the main biological components in freshwater ecosystems and they may proliferate in nutrients rich ecosystems causing severe impacts at different levels. Therefore, several methods have been applied to control cyanobacterial proliferation, including physical, chemical and biological strategies. However, the application of those methods is generally not very efficient. Research on an eco-friendly alternative leading to the isolation of new bioactive compounds with strong impacts against harmful cyanobacteria is a need in the field of water environment protection. Thus, this paper aims to give an overview of harmful cyanobacterial blooms and reviews the state of the art of studying the activities of biological compounds obtained from plants, seaweeds and microorganisms in the cyanobacterial bloom control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina El Amrani Zerrifi
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Richard Mugani
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - El Mahdi Redouane
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Fatima El Khalloufi
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Environmental Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga (FPK), Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.B. 145, 25000, Khouribga, Morocco
| | - Alexandre Campos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal. .,Departament of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Brahim Oudra
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
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Jankowiak JG, Gobler CJ. The Composition and Function of Microbiomes Within Microcystis Colonies Are Significantly Different Than Native Bacterial Assemblages in Two North American Lakes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1016. [PMID: 32547511 PMCID: PMC7270213 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis is one of the most pervasive harmful algal bloom (HAB) genera and naturally occurs in large colonies known to harbor diverse heterotrophic bacterial assemblages. While colony-associated microbiomes may influence Microcystis blooms, there remains a limited understanding of the structure and functional potential of these communities and how they may be shaped by changing environmental conditions. To address this gap, we compared the dynamics of Microcystis-attached (MCA), free-living (FL), and whole water (W) microbiomes during Microcystis blooms using next-generation amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA), a predictive metagenome software, and other bioinformatic approaches. Microbiomes were monitored through high resolution spatial-temporal surveys across two North American lakes, Lake Erie (LE) and Lake Agawam (LA; Long Island, NY, United States) in 2017, providing the largest dataset of these fractions to date. Sequencing of 126 samples generated 7,922,628 sequences that clustered into 7,447 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with 100% sequence identity. Across lakes, the MCA microbiomes were significantly different than the FL and W fractions being significantly enriched in Gemmatimonadetes, Burkholderiaceae, Rhizobiales, and Cytophagales and depleted of Actinobacteria. Further, although MCA communities harbored > 900 unique ASVs, they were significantly less diverse than the other fractions with diversity inversely related to bloom intensity, suggesting increased selection pressure on microbial communities as blooms intensified. Despite taxonomic differences between lakes, predicted metagenomes revealed conserved functional potential among MCA microbiomes. MCA communities were significantly enriched in pathways involved in N and P cycling and microcystin-degradation. Taxa potentially capable of N2-fixation were significantly enriched (p < 0.05) and up to four-fold more abundant within the MCA faction relative to other fractions, potentially aiding in the proliferation of Microcystis blooms during low N conditions. The MCA predicted metagenomes were conserved over 8 months of seasonal changes in temperature and N availability despite strong temporal succession in microbiome composition. Collectively, these findings indicate that Microcystis colonies harbor a statistically distinct microbiome with a conserved functional potential that may help facilitate bloom persistence under environmentally unfavorable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer G. Jankowiak
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, United States
| | - Christopher J. Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, United States
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Yang F, Jin H, Wang XQ, Li Q, Zhang JT, Cui N, Jiang YL, Chen Y, Wu QF, Zhou CZ, Li WF. Genomic Analysis of Mic1 Reveals a Novel Freshwater Long-Tailed Cyanophage. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:484. [PMID: 32322241 PMCID: PMC7156551 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lake Chaohu, one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China, has been suffering from severe cyanobacterial blooms in the summer for many years. Cyanophages, the viruses that specifically infect cyanobacteria, play a key role in modulating cyanobacterial population, and thus regulate the emergence and decline of cyanobacterial blooms. Here we report a long-tailed cyanophage isolated from Lake Chaohu, termed Mic1, which specifically infects the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Mic1 has an icosahedral head of 88 nm in diameter and a long flexible tail of 400 nm. It possesses a circular genome of 92,627 bp, which contains 98 putative open reading frames. Genome sequence analysis enabled us to define a novel terminase large subunit that consists of two types of intein, indicating that the genome packaging of Mic1 is under fine control via posttranslational maturation of the terminase. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis suggested Mic1 and mitochondria share a common evolutionary origin of DNA polymerase γ gene. All together, these findings provided a start-point for investigating the co-evolution of cyanophages and its cyanobacterial hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Tao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ning Cui
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yong-Liang Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Fa Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Cong-Zhao Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Fang Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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25
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Wang J, Bai P, Li Q, Lin Y, Huo D, Ke F, Zhang Q, Li T, Zhao J. Interaction between cyanophage MaMV-DC and eight Microcystis strains, revealed by genetic defense systems. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 85:101699. [PMID: 31810530 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyanophage MaMV-DC is a member of Myoviridae that was reported to specifically infect and lyse Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB-524 among 21 selected cyanobacterial strains. We reidentified the infection specificity of MaMV-DC among seven other Microcystis strains of different species. In our experiments, MaMV-DC infected three Microcystis strains but did not form plaque in Microcystis lawns. This indicated that MaMV-DC is at least a genus- rather than strain-specific virus. Cyanophage MaMV-DC genes were transcribed in M. aeruginosa FACHB-524, M. flos-aquae TF09, M. aeruginosa TA09 and M. wesenbergii DW09, and the growth of these Microcystis strains was inhibited by the addition of MaMV-DC. The predicted defense of eight Microcystis strains by CRISPR-Cas systems has shown mixed consistency with the infection experiment results, suggesting other defense or anti-defense systems play roles during infection process. Restriction-modification (RM) system analysis revealed an abundance of four types of RM proteins that may play roles in defense against cyanophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Da Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qiya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Jindong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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26
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Teikari JE, Popin RV, Hou S, Wahlsten M, Hess WR, Sivonen K. Insight into the genome and brackish water adaptation strategies of toxic and bloom-forming Baltic Sea Dolichospermum sp. UHCC 0315. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4888. [PMID: 30894564 PMCID: PMC6426976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Baltic Sea is a shallow basin of brackish water in which the spatial salinity gradient is one of the most important factors contributing to species distribution. The Baltic Sea is infamous for its annual cyanobacterial blooms comprised of Nodularia spumigena, Aphanizomenon spp., and Dolichospermum spp. that cause harm, especially for recreational users. To broaden our knowledge of the cyanobacterial adaptation strategies for brackish water environments, we sequenced the entire genome of Dolichospermum sp. UHCC 0315, a species occurring not only in freshwater environments but also in brackish water. Comparative genomics analyses revealed a close association with Dolichospermum sp. UHCC 0090 isolated from a lake in Finland. The genome closure of Dolichospermum sp. UHCC 0315 unraveled a mixture of two subtypes in the original culture, and subtypes exhibited distinct buoyancy phenotypes. Salinity less than 3 g L-1 NaCl enabled proper growth of Dolichospermum sp. UHCC 0315, whereas growth was arrested at moderate salinity (6 g L-1 NaCl). The concentrations of toxins, microcystins, increased at moderate salinity, whereas RNA sequencing data implied that Dolichospermum remodeled its primary metabolism in unfavorable high salinity. Based on our results, the predicted salinity decrease in the Baltic Sea may favor toxic blooms of Dolichospermum spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna E Teikari
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rafael V Popin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shengwei Hou
- Genetics & Experimental Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology III, University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matti Wahlsten
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wolfgang R Hess
- Genetics & Experimental Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology III, University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kaarina Sivonen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Genomic Characterization of Cyanophage vB_AphaS-CL131 Infecting Filamentous Diazotrophic Cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Reveals Novel Insights into Virus-Bacterium Interactions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 85:AEM.01311-18. [PMID: 30367000 PMCID: PMC6293099 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01311-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While filamentous cyanobacteria play a crucial role in food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycling of many aquatic ecosystems around the globe, the knowledge regarding the phages infecting them is limited. Here, we describe the complete genome of the virulent cyanophage vB_AphaS-CL131 (here, CL 131), a Siphoviridae phage that infects the filamentous diazotrophic bloom-forming cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in the brackish Baltic Sea. CL 131 features a 112,793-bp double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome encompassing 149 putative open reading frames (ORFs), of which the majority (86%) lack sequence homology to genes with known functions in other bacteriophages or bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CL 131 possibly represents a new evolutionary lineage within the group of cyanophages infecting filamentous cyanobacteria, which form a separate cluster from phages infecting unicellular cyanobacteria. CL 131 encodes a putative type V-U2 CRISPR-Cas system with one spacer (out of 10) targeting a DNA primase pseudogene in a cyanobacterium and a putative type II toxin-antitoxin system, consisting of a GNAT family N-acetyltransferase and a protein of unknown function containing the PRK09726 domain (characteristic of HipB antitoxins). Comparison of CL 131 proteins to reads from Baltic Sea and other available fresh- and brackish-water metagenomes and analysis of CRISPR-Cas arrays in publicly available A. flos-aquae genomes demonstrated that phages similar to CL 131 are present and dynamic in the Baltic Sea and share a common history with their hosts dating back at least several decades. In addition, different CRISPR-Cas systems within individual A. flos-aquae genomes targeted several sequences in the CL 131 genome, including genes related to virion structure and morphogenesis. Altogether, these findings revealed new genomic information for exploring viral diversity and provide a model system for investigation of virus-host interactions in filamentous cyanobacteria.IMPORTANCE The genomic characterization of novel cyanophage vB_AphaS-CL131 and the analysis of its genomic features in the context of other viruses, metagenomic data, and host CRISPR-Cas systems contribute toward a better understanding of aquatic viral diversity and distribution in general and of brackish-water cyanophages infecting filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea in particular. The results of this study revealed previously undescribed features of cyanophage genomes (e.g., self-excising intein-containing putative dCTP deaminase and putative cyanophage-encoded CRISPR-Cas and toxin-antitoxin systems) and can therefore be used to predict potential interactions between bloom-forming cyanobacteria and their cyanophages.
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28
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Coloma S, Gaedke U, Sivonen K, Hiltunen T. Frequency of virus-resistant hosts determines experimental community dynamics. Ecology 2018; 100:e02554. [PMID: 30411791 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Parasites, such as bacterial viruses (phages), can have large effects on host populations both at the ecological and evolutionary levels. In the case of cyanobacteria, phages can reduce primary production and infected hosts release intracellular nutrients influencing planktonic food web structure, community dynamics, and biogeochemical cycles. Cyanophages may be of great importance in aquatic food webs during large cyanobacterial blooms unless the host population becomes resistant to phage infection. The consequences on plankton community dynamics of the evolution of phage resistance in bloom forming cyanobacterial populations are still poorly studied. Here, we examined the effect of different frequencies of a phage-resistant genotype within a filamentous nitrogen-fixing Nodularia spumigena population on an experimental plankton community. Three Nodularia populations with different initial frequencies (0%, 5%, and 50%) of phage-resistant genotypes were inoculated in separate treatments with the phage 2AV2, the green alga Chlorella vulgaris, and the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, which formed the experimental plankton community subjected to either nitrogen-limited or nitrogen-rich conditions. We found that the frequency of the phage-resistant Nodularia genotype determined experimental community dynamics. Cyanobacterial populations with a high frequency (50%) of the phage-resistant genotype dominated the cultures despite the presence of phages, retaining most of the intracellular nitrogen in the plankton community. In contrast, populations with low frequencies (0% and 5%) of the phage-resistant genotype were lysed and reduced to extinction by the phage, transferring the intracellular nitrogen held by Nodularia to Chlorella and rotifers, and allowing Chlorella to dominate the communities and rotifers to survive. This study shows that even though phages represent minuscule biomass, they can have key effects on community composition and eco-evolutionary feedbacks in plankton communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Coloma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ursula Gaedke
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kaarina Sivonen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teppo Hiltunen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
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29
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Martin RM, Moniruzzaman M, Mucci NC, Willis A, Woodhouse JN, Xian Y, Xiao C, Brussaard CPD, Wilhelm SW. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Virus and host: genomic characterization and ecological relevance. Environ Microbiol 2018; 21:1942-1956. [PMID: 30251319 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsis (Raphidiopsis) raciborskii is an invasive, filamentous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium that forms frequent blooms in freshwater habitats. While viruses play key roles in regulating the abundance, production and diversity of their hosts in aquatic ecosystems, the role(s) of viruses in the ecology of C. raciborskii is almost unexplored. Progress in this field has been hindered by the absence of a characterized virus-host system in C. raciborskii. To bridge this gap, we sequenced the genome of CrV-01T, a previously isolated cyanosiphovirus, and its host, C. raciborskii strain Cr2010. Analyses suggest that CrV-01T represents a distinct clade of siphoviruses infecting, and perhaps lysogenizing, filamentous cyanobacteria. Its genome contains unique features that include an intact CRISPR array and a 12 kb inverted duplication. Evidence suggests CrV-01T recently gained the ability to infect Cr2010 and recently lost the ability to form lysogens. The cyanobacterial host contains a CRISPR-Cas system with CRISPR spacers matching protospacers within the inverted duplication of the CrV-01T genome. Examination of metagenomes demonstrates that viruses with high genetic identity to CrV-01T, but lacking the inverted duplication, are present in C. raciborskii blooms in Australia. The unique genomic features of the CrV/Cr2010 system offers opportunities to investigate in more detail virus-host interactions in an ecologically important bloom-forming cyanobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie M Martin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Nicholas C Mucci
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Anusuya Willis
- Australian National Algae Culture Collection, CSIRO National Collections and Marine Infrastructure, Hobart, Australia
| | - Jason N Woodhouse
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuejiao Xian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Chuan Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Corina P D Brussaard
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, and Utrecht University, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Steven W Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Zhong KX, Suttle CA, Baudoux AC, Derelle E, Colombet J, Cho A, Caleta J, Six C, Jacquet S. A New Freshwater Cyanosiphovirus Harboring Integrase. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2204. [PMID: 30283423 PMCID: PMC6157547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelagic cyanobacteria are key players in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, and their viruses (cyanophages) potentially affect the abundance and composition of cyanobacterial communities. Yet, there are few well-described freshwater cyanophages relative to their marine counterparts, and in general, few cyanosiphoviruses (family Siphoviridae) have been characterized, limiting our understanding of the biology and the ecology of this prominent group of viruses. Here, we characterize S-LBS1, a freshwater siphovirus lytic to a phycoerythrin-rich Synechococcus isolate (Strain TCC793). S-LBS1 has a narrow host range, a burst size of ∼400 and a relatively long infecting step before cell lysis occurs. It has a dsDNA 34,641 bp genome with putative genes for structure, DNA packing, lysis, replication, host interactions, DNA repair and metabolism. S-LBS1 is similar in genome size, genome architecture, and gene content, to previously described marine siphoviruses also infecting PE-rich Synechococcus, e.g., S-CBS1 and S-CBS3. However, unlike other Synechococcus phages, S-LBS1 encodes an integrase, suggesting its ability to establish lysogenic relationships with its host. Sequence recruitment from viral metagenomic data showed that S-LBS1-like viruses are diversely present in a wide range of aquatic environments, emphasizing their potential importance in controlling and structuring Synechococcus populations. A comparative analysis with 16 available sequenced cyanosiphoviruses reveals the absence of core genes within the genomes, suggesting high degree of genetic variability in siphoviruses infecting cyanobacteria. It is likely that cyanosiphoviruses have evolved as distinct evolutionary lineages and that adaptive co-evolution occurred between these viruses and their hosts (i.e., Synechococcus, Prochlorococcus, Nodularia, and Acaryochloris), constituting an important driving force for such phage diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Xu Zhong
- INRA, UMR 042 CARRTEL, Thonon-les-Bains, France.,Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Curtis A Suttle
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Botany, Institute for Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anne-Claire Baudoux
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, CNRS, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Evelyne Derelle
- Integrative Marine Biology Laboratory (BIOM), CNRS UMR7232, Sorbonne Universities, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Jonathan Colombet
- CNRS, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 6023, Laboratory of Microorganismes, Aubière, France
| | - Anna Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica Caleta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christophe Six
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, CNRS, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
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31
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Šulčius S, Mazur-Marzec H, Vitonytė I, Kvederavičiūtė K, Kuznecova J, Šimoliūnas E, Holmfeldt K. Insights into cyanophage-mediated dynamics of nodularin and other non-ribosomal peptides in Nodularia spumigena. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 78:69-74. [PMID: 30196926 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cyanophage infection and lysis on the dynamics of the hepatotoxin nodularin (NOD) and other non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) produced by cyanobacteria is poorly understood. In this study, changes in concentration of NOD and other NRPs during cyanophage infection of the filamentous cyanobacteria Nodularia spumigena were assessed using incubation experiments. Viral infection and lysis were associated with a significant reduction (93% at the 96 h post infection) of N. spumigena cell density. While no correlation between N. spumigena abundance and total concentration of NOD (ng mL-1) within the infected cells was observed, cellular NOD quota (ng cell-1) gradually increased in the remaining cyanophage resistant N. spumigena subpopulation. Lysis of N. spumigena cells resulted in a substantial increase (>57 times) of dissolved NOD concentration in the culture medium. The relative concentration of other cyclic (anabaenopeptins) and linear (aeruginosins, spumigins) NRPs produced by N. spumigena also increased in response to cyanophage addition. This study highlights the importance of cyanophage infection on the population toxicity of filamentous cyanobacteria and demonstrates a significant contribution of virus-mediated cell lysis on the conversion of NOD from the particulate to dissolved phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigitas Šulčius
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania; Center for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Barlastgatan 11, SE-39231, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego 46, PL-81378, Gdynia, Poland; Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, PL-81712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Irma Vitonytė
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kotryna Kvederavičiūtė
- MAP Kinase Resource, Melchiorstrasse 9, CH-3027, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jolita Kuznecova
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eugenijus Šimoliūnas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karin Holmfeldt
- Center for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Barlastgatan 11, SE-39231, Kalmar, Sweden
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33
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Hiltunen T, Kaitala V, Laakso J, Becks L. Evolutionary contribution to coexistence of competitors in microbial food webs. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0415. [PMID: 29021178 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The theory of species coexistence is a key concept in ecology that has received much attention. The role of rapid evolution for determining species coexistence is still poorly understood although evolutionary change on ecological time-scales has the potential to change almost any ecological process. The influence of evolution on coexistence can be especially pronounced in microbial communities where organisms often have large population sizes and short generation times. Previous work on coexistence has assumed that traits involved in resource use and species interactions are constant or change very slowly in terms of ecological time-scales. However, recent work suggests that these traits can evolve rapidly. Nevertheless, the importance of rapid evolution to coexistence has not been tested experimentally. Here, we show how rapid evolution alters the frequency of two bacterial competitors over time when grown together with specialist consumers (bacteriophages), a generalist consumer (protozoan) and all in combination. We find that consumers facilitate coexistence in a manner consistent with classic ecological theory. However, through disentangling the relative contributions of ecology (changes in consumer abundance) and evolution (changes in traits mediating species interactions) on the frequency of the two competitors over time, we find differences between the consumer types and combinations. Overall, our results indicate that the influence of evolution on species coexistence strongly depends on the traits and species interactions considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppo Hiltunen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences/Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Veijo Kaitala
- Department of Biosciences/Ecology and Evolutionary biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jouni Laakso
- Department of Biosciences/Ecology and Evolutionary biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Lutz Becks
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Community Dynamics Group, August Thienemann Str. 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
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34
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Teikari JE, Hou S, Wahlsten M, Hess WR, Sivonen K. Comparative Genomics of the Baltic Sea Toxic Cyanobacteria Nodularia spumigena UHCC 0039 and Its Response to Varying Salinity. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:356. [PMID: 29568283 PMCID: PMC5853447 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is an important abiotic factor controlling the distribution and abundance of Nodularia spumigena, the dominating diazotrophic and toxic phototroph, in the brackish water cyanobacterial blooms of the Baltic Sea. To expand the available genomic information for brackish water cyanobacteria, we sequenced the isolate Nodularia spumigena UHCC 0039 using an Illumina-SMRT hybrid sequencing approach, revealing a chromosome of 5,294,286 base pairs (bp) and a single plasmid of 92,326 bp. Comparative genomics in Nostocales showed pronounced genetic similarity among Nodularia spumigena strains evidencing their short evolutionary history. The studied Baltic Sea strains share similar sets of CRISPR-Cas cassettes and a higher number of insertion sequence (IS) elements compared to Nodularia spumigena CENA596 isolated from a shrimp production pond in Brazil. Nodularia spumigena UHCC 0039 proliferated similarly at three tested salinities, whereas the lack of salt inhibited its growth and triggered transcriptome remodeling, including the up-regulation of five sigma factors and the down-regulation of two other sigma factors, one of which is specific for strain UHCC 0039. Down-regulated genes additionally included a large genetic region for the synthesis of two yet unidentified natural products. Our results indicate a remarkable plasticity of the Nodularia salinity acclimation, and thus salinity strongly impacts the intensity and distribution of cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna E Teikari
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shengwei Hou
- Genetics and Experimental Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matti Wahlsten
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wolfgang R Hess
- Genetics and Experimental Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kaarina Sivonen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Cairns J, Coloma S, Sivonen K, Hiltunen T. Evolving interactions between diazotrophic cyanobacterium and phage mediate nitrogen release and host competitive ability. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160839. [PMID: 28083116 PMCID: PMC5210698 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between nitrogen-fixing (i.e. diazotrophic) cyanobacteria and their viruses, cyanophages, can have large-scale ecosystem effects. These effects are mediated by temporal alterations in nutrient availability in aquatic systems owing to the release of nitrogen and carbon sources from cells lysed by phages, as well as by ecologically important changes in the diversity and fitness of cyanobacterial populations that evolve in the presence of phages. However, ecological and evolutionary feedbacks between phages and nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are still relative poorly understood. Here, we used an experimental evolution approach to test the effect of interactions between a common filamentous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium (Nodularia sp.) and its phage on cellular nitrogen release and host properties. Ecological, community-level effects of phage-mediated nitrogen release were tested with a phytoplankton bioassay. We found that cyanobacterial nitrogen release increased significantly as a result of viral lysis, which was associated with enhanced growth of phytoplankton species in cell-free filtrates compared with phage-resistant host controls in which lysis and subsequent nutrient release did not occur after phage exposure. We also observed an ecologically important change among phage-evolved cyanobacteria with phage-resistant phenotypes, a short-filamentous morphotype with reduced buoyancy compared with the ancestral long-filamentous morphotype. Reduced buoyancy might decrease the ability of these morphotypes to compete for light compared with longer, more buoyant filaments. Together, these findings demonstrate the potential of cyanobacteria-phage interactions to affect ecosystem biogeochemical cycles and planktonic community dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Teppo Hiltunen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences/Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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