1
|
Wang S, Cui Z, Yang H. Interactions between host and gut microbiota in gestational diabetes mellitus and their impacts on offspring. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:161. [PMID: 38730357 PMCID: PMC11083820 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation, and most studies have demonstrated gut dysbiosis in GDM pregnancies. Overall, they were manifested as a reduction in microbiome diversity and richness, depleted short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genera and a dominant of Gram-negative pathogens releasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The SCFAs functioned as energy substance or signaling molecules to interact with host locally and beyond the gut. LPS contributed to pathophysiology of diseases through activating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and involved in inflammatory responses. The gut microbiome dysbiosis was not only closely related with GDM, it was also vital to fetal health through vertical transmission. In this review, we summarized gut microbiota signature in GDM pregnancies of each trimester, and presented a brief introduction of microbiome derived SCFAs. We then discussed mechanisms of microbiome-host interactions in the physiopathology of GDM and associated metabolic disorders. Finally, we compared offspring microbiota composition from GDM with that from normal pregnancies, and described the possible mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing, China
| | - Zifeng Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alba C, Carrera M, Álvarez-Calatayud G, Arroyo R, Fernández L, Rodríguez JM. Evaluation of Safety and Beneficial Health Effects of the Human-Milk Strain Bifidobacterium breve DSM32583: An Infant Pilot Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1134. [PMID: 38674825 PMCID: PMC11053739 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human milk promotes the growth of bifidobacteria in the infant gut. Adding bifidobacterial species to infant formula may contribute to increasing their presence in the gut of formula-fed infants. Therefore, the safety and anti-infectious effects of Bifidobacterium breve DSM32583, a breast milk isolate, were assessed in a pilot trial involving 3-month-old infants. The infants were randomly assigned to either the probiotic (PG) or the control (CG) groups. All the infants consumed the same formula, although it was supplemented with the strain (1 × 107 cfu/g of formula) in the PG. Overall, 160 infants (80 per group) finished the intervention. Infants in CG gained more weight compared to PG (p < 0.05), but the weights for age Z-scores at 6 months were within the normal distribution for this age group. The rates of infections affecting the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts and antibiotic therapy were significantly lower in the PG. The bifidobacterial population and the level of short-chain fatty acids were higher (p < 0.05) in the fecal samples of PG infants. No adverse events related to formula consumption were observed. In conclusion, the administration of an infant formula with B. breve DSM32583 was safe and exerted potential beneficial effects on gut health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Marta Carrera
- Centro de Atención Primaria Silvano, Comunidad de Madrid, 28043 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Rebeca Arroyo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Leónides Fernández
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan M. Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tilves C, Zhao HJ, Differding MK, Zhang M, Liu T, Hoyo C, Østbye T, Benjamin-Neelon SE, Mueller NT. Associations of Plastic Bottle Exposure with Infant Growth, Fecal Microbiota, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2924. [PMID: 38138068 PMCID: PMC10745781 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Murine models show that plastics, via their chemical constituents (e.g., phthalates), influence microbiota, metabolism, and growth. However, research on plastics in humans is lacking. Here, we examine how the frequency of plastic bottle exposure is associated with fecal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and anthropometry in the first year of life. SUBJECTS/METHODS In 442 infants from the prospective Nurture birth cohort, we examined the association of frequency of plastic bottle feeding at 3 months with anthropometric outcomes (skinfolds, length-for-age, and weight-for-length) at 12 months of age and growth trajectories between 3 and 12 months. Furthermore, in a subset of infants (n = 70) that contributed fecal samples at 3 months and 12 months of age, we examined plastic bottle frequency in relation to fecal microbiota composition and diversity (measured by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of V4 region), and fecal SCFA concentrations (quantified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry). RESULTS At 3 months, 67.6% of infants were plastic bottle fed at every feeding, 15.4% were exclusively breast milk fed, and 48.9% were exclusively formula fed. After adjustment for potential confounders, infants who were plastic bottle fed less than every feeding compared to those who were plastic bottle fed at every feeding at 3 months did not show differences in anthropometry over the first 12 months of life, save for lower length-for-age z-score at 12 months (adjusted β = -0.45, 95% CI: -0.76, -0.13). Infants who were plastic bottle fed less than every feeding versus every feeding had lower fecal microbiota alpha diversity at 3 months (mean difference for Shannon index: -0.59, 95% CI: -0.99, -0.20) and lower isovaleric acid concentration at 3 months (mean difference: -2.12 μmol/g, 95% CI: -3.64, -0.60), but these results were attenuated following adjustment for infant diet. Plastic bottle frequency was not strongly associated with microbiota diversity or SCFAs at 12 months after multivariable adjustment. Frequency of plastic bottle use was associated with differential abundance of some bacterial taxa, however, significance was not consistent between statistical approaches. CONCLUSIONS Plastic bottle frequency at 3 months was not strongly associated with measures of adiposity or growth (save for length-for-age) over the first year of life, and while plastic bottle use was associated with some features of fecal microbiota and SCFAs in the first year, these findings were attenuated in multivariable models with infant diet. Future research is needed to assess health effects of exposure to other plastic-based products and objective measures of microplastics and plastic constituents like phthalates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Tilves
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (C.T.); (H.J.Z.); (M.K.D.); (M.Z.); (T.L.)
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Heather Jianbo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (C.T.); (H.J.Z.); (M.K.D.); (M.Z.); (T.L.)
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Moira K. Differding
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (C.T.); (H.J.Z.); (M.K.D.); (M.Z.); (T.L.)
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (C.T.); (H.J.Z.); (M.K.D.); (M.Z.); (T.L.)
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tiange Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (C.T.); (H.J.Z.); (M.K.D.); (M.Z.); (T.L.)
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Truls Østbye
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Noel T. Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (C.T.); (H.J.Z.); (M.K.D.); (M.Z.); (T.L.)
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nilsen M, Rehbinder EM, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Haugen G, Hedlin G, Jonassen CM, Killingstad ME, Nordlund B, Ormaasen I, Skjerven HO, Snipen L, Staff AC, Söderhäll C, Sørensen R, Vettukattil R, Wilborn LM, Rudi K. A Globally Distributed Bacteroides caccae Strain Is the Most Prevalent Mother-Child Shared Bacteroidaceae Strain in a Large Scandinavian Cohort. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0078923. [PMID: 37338379 PMCID: PMC10370313 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00789-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteroides and Phocaeicola, members of the family Bacteroidaceae, are among the first microbes to colonize the human infant gut. While it is known that these microbes can be transmitted from mother to child, our understanding of the specific strains that are shared and potentially transmitted is limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the shared strains of Bacteroides and Phocaeicola in mothers and their infants. We analyzed fecal samples from pregnant woman recruited at 18 weeks of gestation from the PreventADALL study, as well as offspring samples from early infancy, including skin swab samples taken within 10 min after birth, the first available fecal sample (meconium), and fecal samples at 3 months of age. We screened 464 meconium samples for Bacteroidaceae, with subsequent selection of 144 mother-child pairs for longitudinal analysis, based on the presence of Bacteroidaceae, longitudinal sample availability, and delivery mode. Our results showed that Bacteroidaceae members were mainly detected in samples from vaginally delivered infants. We identified high prevalences of Phocaeicola vulgatus, Phocaeicola dorei, Bacteroides caccae, and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in mothers and vaginally born infants. However, at the strain level, we observed high prevalences of only two strains: a B. caccae strain and a P. vulgatus strain. Notably, the B. caccae strain was identified as a novel component of mother-child shared strains, and its high prevalence was also observed in publicly available metagenomes worldwide. Our findings suggest that mode of delivery may play a role in shaping the early colonization of the infant gut microbiota, in particular the colonization of Bacteroidaceae members. IMPORTANCE Our study provides evidence that Bacteroidaceae strains present on infants' skin within 10 min after birth, in meconium samples, and in fecal samples at 3 months of age in vaginally delivered infants are shared with their mothers. Using strain resolution analyses, we identified two strains, belonging to Bacteroides caccae and Phocaeicola vulgatus, as shared between mothers and their infants. Interestingly, the B. caccae strain showed a high prevalence worldwide, while the P. vulgatus strain was less common. Our findings also showed that vaginal delivery was associated with early colonization of Bacteroidaceae members, whereas cesarean section delivery was associated with delayed colonization. Given the potential for these microbes to influence the colonic environment, our results suggest that understanding the bacterial-host relationship at the strain level may have implications for infant health and development later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Nilsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Department of Dermatology and Vaenerology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haugen
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Björn Nordlund
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida Ormaasen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Håvard O. Skjerven
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Snipen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Regina Sørensen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Marie Wilborn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barone M, Ramayo-Caldas Y, Estellé J, Tambosco K, Chadi S, Maillard F, Gallopin M, Planchais J, Chain F, Kropp C, Rios-Covian D, Sokol H, Brigidi P, Langella P, Martín R. Gut barrier-microbiota imbalances in early life lead to higher sensitivity to inflammation in a murine model of C-section delivery. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:140. [PMID: 37394428 PMCID: PMC10316582 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most interactions between the host and its microbiota occur at the gut barrier, and primary colonizers are essential in the gut barrier maturation in the early life. The mother-offspring transmission of microorganisms is the most important factor influencing microbial colonization in mammals, and C-section delivery (CSD) is an important disruptive factor of this transfer. Recently, the deregulation of symbiotic host-microbe interactions in early life has been shown to alter the maturation of the immune system, predisposing the host to gut barrier dysfunction and inflammation. The main goal of this study is to decipher the role of the early-life gut microbiota-barrier alterations and its links with later-life risks of intestinal inflammation in a murine model of CSD. RESULTS The higher sensitivity to chemically induced inflammation in CSD mice is related to excessive exposure to a too diverse microbiota too early in life. This early microbial stimulus has short-term consequences on the host homeostasis. It switches the pup's immune response to an inflammatory context and alters the epithelium structure and the mucus-producing cells, disrupting gut homeostasis. This presence of a too diverse microbiota in the very early life involves a disproportionate short-chain fatty acids ratio and an excessive antigen exposure across the vulnerable gut barrier in the first days of life, before the gut closure. Besides, as shown by microbiota transfer experiments, the microbiota is causal in the high sensitivity of CSD mice to chemical-induced colitis and in most of the phenotypical parameters found altered in early life. Finally, supplementation with lactobacilli, the main bacterial group impacted by CSD in mice, reverts the higher sensitivity to inflammation in ex-germ-free mice colonized by CSD pups' microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Early-life gut microbiota-host crosstalk alterations related to CSD could be the linchpin behind the phenotypic effects that lead to increased susceptibility to an induced inflammation later in life in mice. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Y. Ramayo-Caldas
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Paris-Saclay University, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - J. Estellé
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Paris-Saclay University, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - K. Tambosco
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institut,, Paris-Saclay University, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - S. Chadi
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institut,, Paris-Saclay University, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - F. Maillard
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institut,, Paris-Saclay University, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - M. Gallopin
- CNRS, CEA, l’Institut de Biologie Intégrative de La Cellule (I2BC), Paris-Saclay University, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J. Planchais
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institut,, Paris-Saclay University, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - F. Chain
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institut,, Paris-Saclay University, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - C. Kropp
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institut,, Paris-Saclay University, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - D. Rios-Covian
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institut,, Paris-Saclay University, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - H. Sokol
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institut,, Paris-Saclay University, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Gastroenterology Department, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, INSERM, Saint Antoine Hospital, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
- Paris Centre for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France
| | - P. Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - P. Langella
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institut,, Paris-Saclay University, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Paris Centre for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France
| | - R. Martín
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institut,, Paris-Saclay University, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Paris Centre for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Z, Dong N, Hao J, Ouyang Z, Qiang C, Yang Y, Mi C, Niu Y, Yang J, Wen B, Wang L, Zhang S, Zhao J. Clostridioides difficile infection in infants: a case report and literature review. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:31. [PMID: 37386612 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00552-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is the major pathogen causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea. There are a variety of symptoms associated with C. difficile infection (CDI) in adults, including self-limiting diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, septic shock, and even death from the infection. However, the infant's intestine appears to be completely resistant to the effects of C. difficile toxins A and B with rare development of clinical symptoms. CASE PRESENTATION In this study, we reported a 1-month-old girl with CDI who was born with neonatal hypoglycemia and necrotizing enterocolitis. Her symptom of diarrhea occurred after extensive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics during hospitalization and was accompanied by elevated white blood cell, platelet, and C-reactive protein levels, and repeated routine stool examinations were abnormal. She was recovered by norvancomycin (an analogue of vancomycin) and probiotic treatment. The results of 16 S rRNA gene sequencing also demonstrated the recovery of intestinal microbiota with the enrichment of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus. CONCLUSIONS Based on the literature review and this case report, clinicians should also pay attention to diarrhea caused by C. difficile in infants and young children. More strong evidence is needed to explain the true prevalence of CDI in this population and to better understand the C. difficile-associated diarrhea in infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Li
- Hebei Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Ning Dong
- Hebei Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jihong Hao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Zirou Ouyang
- Hebei Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Cuixin Qiang
- Hebei Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Hebei Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Chaoyi Mi
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Yanan Niu
- Hebei Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Hebei Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Baojiang Wen
- Hebei Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shexian Hospital, Handan, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Shaodan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
- , 215# Hepingxi road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, China.
| | - Jianhong Zhao
- Hebei Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
- , 215# Hepingxi road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mueller NT, Differding MK, Sun H, Wang J, Levy S, Deopujari V, Appel LJ, Blaser MJ, Kundu T, Shah AA, Dominguez Bello MG, Hourigan SK. Maternal Bacterial Engraftment in Multiple Body Sites of Cesarean Section Born Neonates after Vaginal Seeding-a Randomized Controlled Trial. mBio 2023; 14:e0049123. [PMID: 37074174 PMCID: PMC10294643 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00491-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Children delivered by elective, prelabor Cesarean section (C-section) are not exposed to the birth canal microbiota and, in relation to vaginally delivered children, show altered microbiota development. Perturbed microbial colonization during critical early-life windows of development alters metabolic and immune programming and is associated with an increased risk of immune and metabolic diseases. In nonrandomized studies, vaginal seeding of C-section-born neonates partially restores their microbiota colonization to that of their vaginally delivered counterparts, but without randomization, confounding factors cannot be excluded. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we determined the effect of vaginal seeding versus placebo seeding (control arm) on the skin and stool microbiota of elective, prelabor C-section-born neonates (n = 20) at 1 day and 1 month after birth. We also examined whether there were between-arm differences in engraftment of maternal microbes in the neonatal microbiota. In relation to the control arm, vaginal seeding increased mother-to-neonate microbiota transmission and caused compositional changes and a reduction in alpha diversity (Shannon Index) of the skin and stool microbiota. The neonatal skin and stool microbiota alpha diversity when maternal vaginal microbiota is provided is intriguing and highlights the need of larger randomized studies to determine the ecological mechanisms and effects of vaginal seeding on clinical outcomes. IMPORTANCE Children delivered by elective C-section are not exposed to the birth canal and show altered microbiota development. Impairing microbial colonization during early life alters metabolic and immune programming and is associated with an increased risk of immune and metabolic diseases. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we determined the effect of vaginal seeding on the skin and stool microbiota of elective C-section born neonates and found that vaginal seeding increased mother-to-neonate microbiota transmission and caused compositional changes and a reduction in the skin and stool microbiota diversity. The reduction of neonatal skin and stool microbiota diversity when maternal vaginal microbiota is provided is intriguing and highlights the need of larger randomized studies to determine the ecological mechanisms and effects of vaginal seeding on clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noel T. Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Moira K. Differding
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haipeng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shira Levy
- Clinical Microbiome Unit (CMU), Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Inova Children’s Hospital, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Varsha Deopujari
- Inova Children’s Hospital, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Appel
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tanima Kundu
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ankit A. Shah
- Inova Women’s Hospital, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Maria Gloria Dominguez Bello
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Clinical Microbiome Unit (CMU), Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suchitra K. Hourigan
- Clinical Microbiome Unit (CMU), Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Inova Children’s Hospital, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Splichal I, Donovan SM, Kindlova Z, Stranak Z, Neuzil Bunesova V, Sinkora M, Polakova K, Valaskova B, Splichalova A. Release of HMGB1 and Toll-like Receptors 2, 4, and 9 Signaling Are Modulated by Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and Salmonella Typhimurium in a Gnotobiotic Piglet Model of Preterm Infants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2329. [PMID: 36768650 PMCID: PMC9916534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gnotobiotic (GN) animals with defined microbiota allow us to study host-microbiota and microbiota-microbiota interferences. Preterm germ-free (GF) piglets were mono-associated with probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (BB12) to ameliorate/prevent the consequences of infection with the Salmonella Typhimurium strain LT2 (LT2). Goblet cell density; expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 4, and 9; high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1); interleukin (IL)-6; and IL-12/23p40 were analyzed to evaluate the possible modulatory effect of BB12. BB12 prevented an LT2-induced decrease of goblet cell density in the colon. TLRs signaling modified by LT2 was not influenced by the previous association with BB12. The expression of HMGB1, IL-6, and IL12/23p40 in the jejunum, ileum, and colon and their levels in plasma were all decreased by BB12, but these changes were not statistically significant. In the colon, differences in HMGB1 distribution between the GF and LT2 piglet groups were observed. In conclusion, the mono-association of GF piglets with BB12 prior to LT2 infection partially ameliorated the inflammatory response to LT2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Splichal
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Sharon M. Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zdislava Kindlova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Stranak
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, 147 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Neuzil Bunesova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Sinkora
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Polakova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Valaskova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Alla Splichalova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Analysis of Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) in Healthy Children during the First Two Years of Life: An Observational Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020367. [PMID: 36678236 PMCID: PMC9864378 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important metabolites of the gut microbiota. The aim is to analyze the influence of perinatal factors, which can affect the gut microbiota, on the concentrations of fecal SCFAs over the first two years of life. Gas chromatography was used to analyze SCFA in a total of 456 fecal samples from 86 children. Total SCFA concentrations increased until 12 months and stabilized after that. Antibiotic treatment during pregnancy was associated with an increase in acetic acid, propionic acid and total SCFA in meconium and a decrease in the same SCFAs at 6 months. Butyric acid was increased after Caesarean delivery until 1 month. In formula-fed children, propionic acid (at 1 month) and butyric acid and total SCFA (at 12 months) were increased. Acetic and linear butyric acids and total SCFAs were also increased at 12 months in children born vaginally that were also formula-fed. Higher butyric acid was observed in children of mothers with normal pre-pregnancy weight and adequate weight gain during pregnancy. Butyric acid was also elevated in 6-month-old infants with a higher body weight (≥85th percentile). Acetic acid concentrations were significantly higher in 2-year-old females vs. males. We conclude that perinatal factors are linked to changes in fecal SCFAs and further long-term epidemiological studies are warranted.
Collapse
|
10
|
Potential Pathogenic and Opportunistic Oral Bacteria in Early Life: The Role of Maternal Factors in a Portuguese Population. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010080. [PMID: 36678427 PMCID: PMC9867333 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In early life, maternal factors are of the utmost relevance for oral microbiome acquisition and maturation. Therefore, our study explored the impact of maternal factors, such as saliva and breastmilk colonization, cardiovascular risk factors (CRF), type of delivery, oral health, and caregiving habits on the prevalence of potential pathogenic and opportunistic oral bacteria in early life. A total of 26 healthy mothers, 23 mothers with CRF, and their 50 children were included and samples (child's oral swabs, mother's saliva, and breastmilk) were collected 4 to 12 weeks after delivery and inoculated in selective and differential media for detection of non-fastidious Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to isolate potential pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria identified by MALDI-TOF MS (414 isolates). Within mother-child dyads, the same species were identified in 86% of the pairs and potential pathogenic microorganisms from the Staphylococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae families were found to be statistically significantly concordant between mother-child samples, particularly in the healthy group. Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia oral colonization in mother-child pairs were associated with the presence of CRF. Breastfeeding was related to the early life oral colonization of Staphylococcus epidermidis in children from healthy mothers and C-section was associated with higher diversity of pathogens, independent of cardiovascular status (p = 0.05). This study reveals the presence of potential oral opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria in early life and highlights the importance of maternal factors in its acquisition.
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Y, Li HT, Zhou SJ, Zhou HH, Xiong Y, Yang J, Zhou YB, Chen DJ, Liu JM. Effects of vaginal seeding on gut microbiota, body mass index, and allergy risks in infants born through cesarean delivery: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:100793. [PMID: 36334724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaginal seeding-exposure of neonates to maternal vaginal fluids-has been proposed to improve the microbiota of infants born through cesarean delivery, but its impacts on the infants' subsequent health outcomes remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the impacts of vaginal seeding on gut microbiota, growth, and allergy risks in infants born through cesarean delivery. STUDY DESIGN This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Liuyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital in Hunan, China. We estimated that a minimum sample size of 106 was needed by assuming a standardized effect size of 0.6 for the primary outcomes, with a statistical power of 80%, a 2-sided type I error of 0.05, and an expected loss to follow-up rate of 15%. Finally, 120 singleton term pregnant women scheduled for cesarean delivery were enrolled from November 2018 to September 2019. Infant follow-up was completed in September 2021. The participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the vaginal seeding group (n=60; infants were swabbed immediately after birth using gauze preincubated in maternal vagina) or the control group (n=60; routine standard care). The first set of primary outcomes was infant body mass index and body mass index z-scores at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. The other primary outcome was the total allergy risk score at 18 months for 20 common allergens (each scored from 0-6 points). Characteristics of gut microbiota, overweight/obesity, and allergic diseases and symptoms were included as secondary outcomes. The main analyses were performed according to the modified intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS Of 120 infants, 117 were included in the analyses. Infant body mass index and body mass index z-scores did not significantly differ between the 2 groups at any of the 4 time points, with the largest difference in point estimates occurring at 6 months: the mean (standard deviation) body mass index was 17.5 (1.4) kg/m2 and 17.8 (1.8) kg/m2 in the vaginal seeding and control groups, respectively (mean difference, -0.31 kg/m2 [95% confidence interval, -0.91 to 0.28]; P=.30), and body mass index z-score was 0.2 (1.0) and 0.4 (1.1), respectively (mean difference, -0.20 [95% confidence interval, -0.58 to 0.18]; P=.31). The median total allergy risk score was 1.5 (interquartile range, 0.0-4.0) in the vaginal seeding group and 2.0 (interquartile range, 1.0-3.0) in the control group (median difference, 0.00 [95% confidence interval, -1.00 to 1.00]; P=.48). For infants from the vaginal seeding group, the relative abundance of genera Lactobacillus and Bacteroides in the gut microbiota was slightly yet nonsignificantly elevated at birth and 6 months, and the risk of overweight/obesity was lower at 6 months (0/57 vs 6/59; relative risk, 0.03 [95% confidence interval, 0.00-0.57]; P=.03) though not at subsequent time points. Other secondary outcomes did not differ between groups. No adverse events related to the intervention were reported. CONCLUSION For infants born through cesarean delivery, vaginal seeding has no significant impacts on the gut microbiota, growth, or allergy risks during the first 2 years of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center; Haidian District, Beijing, China (Drs Y Liu, H Li, Y Zhou, and J Liu); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center; Haidian District, Beijing, China (Drs Y Liu, H Li, Y Zhou, and J Liu)
| | - Hong-Tian Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center; Haidian District, Beijing, China (Drs Y Liu, H Li, Y Zhou, and J Liu); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center; Haidian District, Beijing, China (Drs Y Liu, H Li, Y Zhou, and J Liu); Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing, China (Drs H Li and J Liu).
| | - Shu-Jin Zhou
- Liuyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China (Drs S Zhou, H Zhou, and Y Xiong)
| | - Hui-Huang Zhou
- Liuyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China (Drs S Zhou, H Zhou, and Y Xiong)
| | - Ying Xiong
- Liuyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China (Drs S Zhou, H Zhou, and Y Xiong)
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China (Dr J Yang)
| | - Yu-Bo Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center; Haidian District, Beijing, China (Drs Y Liu, H Li, Y Zhou, and J Liu); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center; Haidian District, Beijing, China (Drs Y Liu, H Li, Y Zhou, and J Liu)
| | - Dun-Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (Dr D Chen)
| | - Jian-Meng Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center; Haidian District, Beijing, China (Drs Y Liu, H Li, Y Zhou, and J Liu); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center; Haidian District, Beijing, China (Drs Y Liu, H Li, Y Zhou, and J Liu); Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing, China (Drs H Li and J Liu).
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lower plasma concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in patients with ADHD. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:36-43. [PMID: 36228390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced during bacterial fermentation, have been shown to be mediators in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This axis has been proposed to influence psychiatric symptoms seen in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, there is no report of plasma SCFA concentrations in ADHD. The aim of this study was to explore the plasma concentrations of SCFAs in children and adults with ADHD and the possible factors that could influence those levels. We collected data on age group, sex, serum vitamin D levels, delivery mode, body mass index, diet, medication and blood samples from 233 ADHD patients and 36 family-related healthy controls. The concentrations of SCFAs and the intermediary metabolite succinic acid, were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Adults with ADHD had lower plasma concentrations of formic, acetic, propionic and succinic acid than their healthy family members. When adjusting for SCFA-influential factors among those with ADHD, children had lower concentrations of formic, propionic and isovaleric acid than adults, and those who had more antibiotic medications during the last 2 years had lower concentrations of formic, propionic and succinic acid. When adjusting for antibiotic medication, we found that among children, those currently on stimulant medication had lower acetic and propionic acid levels, and adults with ADHD had lower formic and propionic acid concentrations than adult healthy family members. In all, our findings show lower-than-normal plasma concentrations of SCFAs in ADHD explained in-part by antibiotic medication, age and stimulant medication. Whether or not this is of clinical significance is yet to be explored.
Collapse
|
13
|
Schwab C. The development of human gut microbiota fermentation capacity during the first year of life. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2865-2874. [PMID: 36341758 PMCID: PMC9733644 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation capacity of microbial ecosystems intrinsically depends on substrate supply and the ability of a microbial community to deliver monomers for fermentation. In established microbial ecosystems, the microbial community is adapted to efficiently degrade and ferment available biopolymers which is often concurrently reflected in the richness of the microbial community and its functional potential. During the first year of life, the human gut microbial environment is a rather dynamic system that is characterized by a change in physiological conditions (e.g. from aerobic to anaerobic conditions, physical growth of the gastrointestinal tract, development of the intestinal immune system) but also by a change in nutrient supply from a compositionally limited liquid to a diverse solid diet, which demands major compositional and functional changes of the intestinal microbiota. How these transitions link to intestinal microbial fermentation capacity has gained comparatively little interest so far. This mini-review aims to collect evidence that already after birth, there is seeding of a hidden population of various fermentation organisms which remain present at low abundance until the cessation of breastfeeding removes nutritional restrictions of a liquid milk-based diet. The introduction of solid food containing plant and animal material is accompanied by an altering microbiota. The concurrent increases in the abundance of degraders and fermenters lead to higher intestinal fermentation capacity indicated by increased faecal levels of the final fermentation metabolites propionate and butyrate. Recent reports indicate that the development of fermentation capacity is an important step during gut microbiota development, as chronic disorders such as allergy and atopic dermatitis have been linked to lower degradation and fermentation capacity indicated by reduced levels of final fermentation metabolites at 1 year of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Schwab
- Department of Biological and Chemical EngineeringAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sassin AM, Johnson GJ, Goulding AN, Aagaard KM. Crucial nuances in understanding (mis)associations between the neonatal microbiome and Cesarean delivery. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:806-822. [PMID: 36085277 PMCID: PMC9509442 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As rates of Cesarean delivery and common non-communicable disorders (NCDs), such as obesity, metabolic disease, and atopy/asthma, have concomitantly increased in recent decades, investigators have attempted to discern a causal link. One line of research has led to a hypothesis that Cesarean birth disrupts the presumed normal process of colonization of the neonatal microbiome with vaginal microbes, yielding NCDs later in life. However, a direct link between a disrupted microbiota transfer at time of delivery and acute and/or chronic illness in infants born via Cesarean has not been causally established. Microbiota seeding from maternal vaginal or stool sources has been preliminarily evaluated as an intervention designed to compensate for the lack of (or limited) exposure to such sources among Cesarean-delivered neonates. However, to date, clinical trials have yet to show a clear health benefit with neonatal 'vaginal seeding' practices. Until the long-term effects of these microbiome alterations can be fully determined, it is paramount to conduct parallel meaningful and mechanistic-minded interrogations of the impact of clinically modifiable maternal, nutritional, or environmental exposure on the functional microbiome over the duration of pregnancy and lactation to determine their role in the mitigation of childhood and adult NCDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa M Sassin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Grace J Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alison N Goulding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gut Microbiota in Psoriasis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142970. [PMID: 35889927 PMCID: PMC9321451 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with autoimmune pathogenic characteristics and is caused by chronic inflammation, which results in uncontrolled keratinocyte growth and defective differentiation. The link between the gut microbiota and immune system regulation opened a novel angle to understand the pathogenesis of many chronic multifactorial diseases, including psoriasis. Current evidence suggests that modulation of the gut microbiota, both through dietary approaches and through supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics, could represent a novel therapeutic approach. The present work aims to highlight the latest scientific evidence regarding the microbiome alterations of psoriatic patients, as well as state of the art insights in terms of microbiome-targeted therapies as promising preventive and therapeutic tools for psoriasis.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ting JY, Yoon EW, Fajardo CA, Daboval T, Bertelle V, Shah PS. Antimicrobial utilization in very-low-birth-weight infants: association with probiotic use. J Perinatol 2022; 42:947-952. [PMID: 35399098 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-022-01382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between probiotic use and antimicrobial utilization. STUDY DESIGN We retrospectively evaluated very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants admitted to tertiary neonatal intensive care units in Canada between 2014 and 2019. Our outcome was antimicrobial utilization rate (AUR) defined as number of days of antimicrobial exposure per 1000 patient-days. RESULT Of 16,223 eligible infants, 7279 (45%) received probiotics. Probiotic use rate increased from 10% in 2014 to 68% in 2019. The AUR was significantly lower in infants who received probiotics vs those who did not (107 vs 129 per 1000 patient-days, aRR = 0.89, 95% CI [0.81, 0.98]). Among 13,305 infants without culture-proven sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis ≥Stage 2, 5931 (45%) received probiotics. Median AUR was significantly lower in the probiotic vs the no-probiotic group (78 vs 97 per 1000 patient-days, aRR = 0.85, 95% CI [0.74, 0.97]). CONCLUSION Probiotic use was associated with a significant reduction in AUR among VLBW infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y Ting
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eugene W Yoon
- Maternal-infant Care Research Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carlos A Fajardo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Thierry Daboval
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Valérie Bertelle
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Prakesh S Shah
- Maternal-infant Care Research Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Boudar Z, Sehli S, El Janahi S, Al Idrissi N, Hamdi S, Dini N, Brim H, Amzazi S, Nejjari C, Lloyd-Puryear M, Ghazal H. Metagenomics Approaches to Investigate the Neonatal Gut Microbiome. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:886627. [PMID: 35799697 PMCID: PMC9253679 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.886627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Early infancy is critical for the development of an infant's gut flora. Many factors can influence microbiota development during the pre- and postnatal periods, including maternal factors, antibiotic exposure, mode of delivery, dietary patterns, and feeding type. Therefore, investigating the connection between these variables and host and microbiome interactions in neonatal development would be of great interest. As the "unculturable" era of microbiome research gives way to an intrinsically multidisciplinary field, microbiome research has reaped the advantages of technological advancements in next-generation sequencing, particularly 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun sequencing, which have considerably expanded our knowledge about gut microbiota development during early life. Using omics approaches to explore the neonatal microbiome may help to better understand the link between the microbiome and newborn diseases. Herein, we summarized the metagenomics methods and tools used to advance knowledge on the neonatal microbiome origin and evolution and how the microbiome shapes early and late individuals' lives for health and disease. The way to overcome limitations in neonatal microbiome studies will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Boudar
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sofia Sehli
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sara El Janahi
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Najib Al Idrissi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Salsabil Hamdi
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Pharmacy, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nouzha Dini
- Mother and Child Department, Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hassan Brim
- Department of Pathology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Saaïd Amzazi
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Chakib Nejjari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International School of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | | | - Hassan Ghazal
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
- National Center for Scientific and Technical Research, Rabat, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Michel C, Blottière HM. Neonatal Programming of Microbiota Composition: A Plausible Idea That Is Not Supported by the Evidence. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:825942. [PMID: 35783422 PMCID: PMC9247513 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.825942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Underpinning the theory "developmental origins of health and disease" (DOHaD), evidence is accumulating to suggest that the risks of adult disease are in part programmed by exposure to environmental factors during the highly plastic "first 1,000 days of life" period. An elucidation of the mechanisms involved in this programming is challenging as it would help developing new strategies to promote adult health. The intestinal microbiome is proposed as a long-lasting memory of the neonatal environment. This proposal is supported by indisputable findings such as the concomitance of microbiota assembly and the first 1,000-day period, the influence of perinatal conditions on microbiota composition, and the impact of microbiota composition on host physiology, and is based on the widely held but unconfirmed view that the microbiota is long-lastingly shaped early in life. In this review, we examine the plausibility of the gut microbiota being programmed by the neonatal environment and evaluate the evidence for its validity. We highlight that the capacity of the pioneer bacteria to control the implantation of subsequent bacteria is supported by both theoretical principles and statistical associations, but remains to be demonstrated experimentally. In addition, our critical review of the literature on the long-term repercussions of selected neonatal modulations of the gut microbiota indicates that sustained programming of the microbiota composition by neonatal events is unlikely. This does not exclude the microbiota having a role in DOHaD due to a possible interaction with tissue and organ development during the critical windows of neonatal life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hervé M. Blottière
- Nantes Université, INRAE, UMR 1280, PhAN, Nantes, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MetaGenoPolis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jensen ET, Bertoni AG, Crago OL, Rotter JI, Chen YDI, Wood A, Rich SS, Goodarzi MO. Cesarean delivery and insulin sensitivity in the older adult: The Microbiome and Insulin Longitudinal Evaluation Study. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac072. [PMID: 35673403 PMCID: PMC9165426 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate if mode of delivery at birth is associated with body mass index (BMI) and glucose homeostasis traits in later life, controlling for possible confounders, including maternal history of diabetes. Data were obtained through a racially diverse, prospective cohort study of nondiabetic, older adults, the Microbiome and Insulin Longitudinal Evaluation Study (MILES). We used generalized linear models to estimate the association between mode of delivery and glycemic status, BMI (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and insulin clearance. Further, we estimated the direct and indirect effects of cesarean delivery on glucose and insulin-related traits, as mediated by BMI status. Relative to vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery was associated with a significantly higher BMI (adjusted beta [aβ] 3.53 kg/m2; 95% CI 0.15, 6.91) and fasting glucose (aβ 5.12; 95% CI 0.01, 10.23), a 14% decrease in insulin sensitivity (aβ –0.14; 95% CI –0.28, –0.01), and a 58% increased risk (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.58; 95% CI 1.08, 2.31) for prediabetes/diabetes. Associations were mediated in part by BMI, with the strongest evidence observed for glycemic status (proportion mediated 22.6%; P = .03), fasting insulin (proportion mediated 58.0%; P = .05), and insulin sensitivity index (proportion mediated 45.9%; P = .05). Independent of mediation, a significant direct effect of cesarean delivery on glycemic status was observed (aRR 1.88; 95% CI 1.16, 2.60). Cesarean delivery may lead to reduced insulin sensitivity and, ultimately, increased risk for developing prediabetes and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Alain G Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Osa L Crago
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Alexis Wood
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang S, Xun Y, Ahern GJ, Feng L, Zhang D, Xue Y, Ross RP, Doolan AM, Stanton C, Zhu H. A randomized, double blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study to investigate the efficacy of Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 in gut development of young children. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:6020-6030. [PMID: 34760234 PMCID: PMC8565250 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this clinical trial, the safety and effectiveness of Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 (LP N1115) were investigated as a potential probiotic to enhance gut development in young children born by caesarean section. Infants and young children between the ages of 6 months and 3 years were administered with a probiotic consisting of LP N1115 strain (n = 30) or placebo supplement (n = 30) over an 8 weeks intervention. And the stool consistency, bowel habits, salivary cortisol, fecal microbiota, and short-chain fatty acid metabolism were investigated. Efficacy data were obtained from 58 participants who completed the study. Overall, the placebo functioned similarly to LP N1115 group in relation to stool consistency, gastrointestinal symptoms, salivary cortisol, and short-chain fatty acids. However, the scoring data relating to the 6-18 months subgroup receiving LP N1115 remained stable over 8 weeks in comparison to placebo. Analysis of the fecal microbiota using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed that the phyla Firmicutes represented 62% of the microbial relative abundance in the feces of the subjects during the intervening period. No significant changes in alpha- or beta-diversity were noted between the placebo and LP N1115 groups overtime and at each time point. Differential abundance analysis indicated an increase in Lactobacillus in LP N1115 group at weeks 4 (p < .05) and 8 (p < .05) in comparison to the placebo group. These results suggest that probiotic supplementation with LP N1115 was well tolerated by the young children and subtle changes in the microbiome were noted throughout the intervention period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Wang
- Shijiazhuang Junlebao Dairy Co. Ltd.ShijiazhuangChina
- Hebei University of Science & TechnologyShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yiping Xun
- Shijiazhuang Junlebao Dairy Co. Ltd.ShijiazhuangChina
| | - Grace J. Ahern
- School of MicrobiologyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- APC Microbiome InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Lili Feng
- Shijiazhuang Junlebao Dairy Co. Ltd.ShijiazhuangChina
| | - Dong Zhang
- Shijiazhuang Junlebao Dairy Co. Ltd.ShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yuling Xue
- Shijiazhuang Junlebao Dairy Co. Ltd.ShijiazhuangChina
| | - Reynolds Paul Ross
- School of MicrobiologyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- APC Microbiome InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | | | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research CentreFermoyIreland
| | - Hong Zhu
- Shijiazhuang Junlebao Dairy Co. Ltd.ShijiazhuangChina
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Delivery mode and altered infant growth at 1 year of life in India. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:1251-1257. [PMID: 33654288 PMCID: PMC8671090 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cesarean section (C-section) delivered infants are more likely to be colonized by opportunistic pathogens, resulting in altered growth. We examined whether C-section (elective/emergency) vs vaginal delivery was associated with altered weight and linear growth at 1 year of life. METHODS A total of 638 mother-infant pairs were included from MAASTHI cohort 2016-2019. Information on delivery mode was obtained from medical records. Based on WHO child growth standards, body mass index-forage z-score (BMI z) and length-for-age z-score (length z) were derived. We ran multivariable linear and Poisson regression models before and after multiple imputation. RESULTS The rate of C-section was 43.4% (26.5%: emergency, 16.9%: elective). Percentage of infant overweight was 14.9%. Compared to vaginal delivery, elective C-section was associated with β = 0.57 (95% CI 0.20, 0.95) higher BMI z. Also infants born by elective C-section had RR = 2.44 (95% CI 1.35, 4.41) higher risk of being overweight; no such association was found for emergency C-section. Also, elective C-section delivery was associated with reduced linear growth at 1 year after multiple imputation (β = -0.38, 95% CI -0.76, -0.01). CONCLUSIONS Elective C-section delivery might contribute to excess weight and also possibly reduced linear growth at 1 year of age in children from low- and middle-income countries. IMPACT Our study, in a low-income setting, suggests that elective, but not emergency, C-section is associated with excess infant BMI z at 1 year of age and elective C (C-section) was also associated with altered linear growth but only in multiple imputation analyses. Elective C-section was associated with a higher risk of being overweight at 1 year of age. Our results indicate that decreasing medically unnecessary elective C-section deliveries may help limit excess weight gain and stunted linear growth among infants.
Collapse
|