1
|
Alomairy S, Gnanasekaran L, Rajendran S, Alsanie WF. Biochar supported nano core-shell (TiO 2/CoFe 2O 4) for wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117169. [PMID: 37722578 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The porous structure of biochar, its large surface area, and its anti-oxidant properties are extensively used for pollutant removal strategies. The literature to date has reported that the biochar assisted metal-oxide core-shells have a dominating degradation ability under solar irradiation. Therefore, this study is significantly focused on cinnamon biochar as an active anti-oxidant agent incorporated in titania-cobalt ferrite nanocore-shell (Biochar/TiO2/CoFe2O4) structures for the first time in wastewater treatment against chlorophenol pollutants. Pure materials, core-shells, and biochar aided composites were synthesized by chemical methods, and their characteristics were analyzed using various instrumentation techniques. The diffraction outcomes of Biochar/TiO2/CoFe2O4 showed the mixed phases containing biochar, TiO2, and CoFe2O4. The morphological characteristics revealed that the biochar creates porosity and a peripheral layer covering the core-shell. Meanwhile, absorption studies of TiO2/CoFe2O4 core-shell and Biochar/TiO2/CoFe2O4 samples achieved 65% and 92% degradation efficiencies when exposed to visible light against chlorophenol pollutants, respectively. All these results confirm the presence of distinct functional groups as well as the combined synergistic effects that activated the charge separation, resulting in the successful destruction of water pollutants. In addition, the highly efficient Biochar/TiO2/CoFe2O4 sample was recycled, and the efficiency was maintained stable for five repeated degradation processes. Thus, Biochar/TiO2/CoFe2O4 will be utilized to expand the possibilities for biofuel generation and energy storage devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Alomairy
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lalitha Gnanasekaran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile; University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile.
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratorie, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of ScientificResearch, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pavlicevic M, Elmer W, Zuverza-Mena N, Abdelraheem W, Patel R, Dimkpa C, O'Keefe T, Haynes CL, Pagano L, Caldara M, Marmiroli M, Maestri E, Marmiroli N, White JC. Nanoparticles and biochar with adsorbed plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria alleviate Fusarium wilt damage on tomato and watermelon. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108052. [PMID: 37778113 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The addition of biochars and nanoparticles with adsorbed Azotobacter vinelandii and Bacillus megaterium alleviated damage from Fusarium infection in both tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) plants. Tomato and watermelon plants were grown in greenhouse for 28 and 30 days (respectively) and were treated with either nanoparticles (chitosan-coated mesoporous silica or nanoclay) or varying biochars (biochar produced by pyrolysis, gasification and pyrogasification). Treatments with nanoparticles and biochars were applied in two variants - with or without adsorbed plant-growth promoting bacteria (PGPR). Chitosan-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles with adsorbed bacteria increased chlorophyll content in infected tomato and watermelon plants (1.12 times and 1.63 times, respectively) to a greater extent than nanoclay with adsorbed bacteria (1.10 times and 1.38 times, respectively). However, the impact on other endpoints (viability of plant cells, phosphorus and nitrogen content, as well antioxidative status) was species-specific. In all cases, plants treated with adsorbed bacteria responded better than plants without bacteria. For example, the content of antioxidative compounds in diseased watermelon plants increased nearly 46% upon addition of Aries biochar and by approximately 52% upon addition of Aries biochar with adsorbed bacteria. The overall effect on disease suppression was due to combination of the antifungal effects of both nanoparticles (and biochars) and plant-growth promoting bacteria. These findings suggest that nanoparticles or biochars with adsorbed PGPR could be viewed as a novel and sustainable solution for management of Fusarium wilt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Pavlicevic
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Wade Elmer
- Connecticut Agricultural Experimental Station, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | | | - Wael Abdelraheem
- Connecticut Agricultural Experimental Station, New Haven, CT, USA; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt.
| | - Ravikumar Patel
- Connecticut Agricultural Experimental Station, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Christian Dimkpa
- Connecticut Agricultural Experimental Station, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Tana O'Keefe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Christy L Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Luca Pagano
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Marina Caldara
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Marta Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Elena Maestri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), Parma, Italy.
| | - Jason C White
- Connecticut Agricultural Experimental Station, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bolan S, Hou D, Wang L, Hale L, Egamberdieva D, Tammeorg P, Li R, Wang B, Xu J, Wang T, Sun H, Padhye LP, Wang H, Siddique KHM, Rinklebe J, Kirkham MB, Bolan N. The potential of biochar as a microbial carrier for agricultural and environmental applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 886:163968. [PMID: 37164068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochar can be an effective carrier for microbial inoculants because of its favourable properties promoting microbial life. In this review, we assess the effectiveness of biochar as a microbial carrier for agricultural and environmental applications. Biochar is enriched with organic carbon, contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium as nutrients, and has a high porosity and moisture-holding capacity. The large number of active hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfonic acid group, amino, imino, and acylamino hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups are effective for microbial cell adhesion and proliferation. The use of biochar as a carrier of microbial inoculum has been shown to enhance the persistence, survival and colonization of inoculated microbes in soil and plant roots, which play a crucial role in soil biochemical processes, nutrient and carbon cycling, and soil contamination remediation. Moreover, biochar-based microbial inoculants including probiotics effectively promote plant growth and remediate soil contaminated with organic pollutants. These findings suggest that biochar can serve as a promising substitute for non-renewable substrates, such as peat, to formulate and deliver microbial inoculants. The future research directions in relation to improving the carrier material performance and expanding the potential applications of this emerging biochar-based microbial immobilization technology have been proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL) National Research Network, Australia
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuwei Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Lauren Hale
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648-9757, United States
| | - Dilfuza Egamberdieva
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, National Research University (TIIAME), Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan; Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Priit Tammeorg
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rui Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaping Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lokesh P Padhye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL) National Research Network, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deinert L, Ikoyi I, Egeter B, Forrestal P, Schmalenberger A. Short-Term Impact of Recycling-Derived Fertilizers on Their P Supply for Perennial Ryegrass ( Lolium perenne). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2762. [PMID: 37570915 PMCID: PMC10420916 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Various nutrient recycling technologies are currently under development in order to alleviate the dependency of non-renewable raw material for the production of mineral phosphorus fertilizers commonly used in agriculture. The resulting products, such as struvites and ashes, need to be assessed for their application as so-called recycling-derived fertilizers (RDFs) in the agricultural sector prior to commercialization. Here, we conducted a short-term (54 days) trial to investigate the impact of different phosphorus fertilizers on plant growth and the soil P cycling microbiota. Lolium perenne was grown with application of superphosphate (SP) as inorganic fertilizer, two ashes (poultry litter ash (PLA) and sewage sludge ash (SSA)), and two struvites (municipal wastewater struvite (MWS) and commercial CrystalGreen® (CGS)) applied at 20 and 60 kg P ha-1 in four replicates. A P-free control (SP0) was also included in the trial. Struvite application increased plant dry weights, and available P acid phosphatase activity was significantly improved for struvites at the high P application rate. The ash RDFs showed a liming effect at 60 kg P ha-1, and PLA60 negatively affected acid phosphatase activity, while PLA20 had significantly lower phoD copy numbers. P mobilization from phosphonates and phytates was not affected. TCP solubilization was negatively affected by mineral SP fertilizer application at both P concentrations. The bacterial (16S and phoD) communities were only marginally affected by the tested P fertilizers. Overall, struvites appeared to be a suitable substitute for superphosphate fertilization for Irish L. perenne pastures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Deinert
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (L.D.); (I.I.)
| | - Israel Ikoyi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (L.D.); (I.I.)
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bastian Egeter
- CIBIO-InBIO, Campus de Vairão, Universidad e do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal;
| | - Patrick Forrestal
- Department of Environment, Soils and Land-Use, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Y35 Y521 Wexford, Ireland;
| | - Achim Schmalenberger
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (L.D.); (I.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang P, Zhao L, Gao YG, Xia Y. Detection, Diagnosis, and Preventive Management of the Bacterial Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091765. [PMID: 37176823 PMCID: PMC10181079 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae are serious problems for various plant species worldwide. Accurate detection and diagnosis of P. syringae infections are critical for the effective management of these plant diseases. In this review, we summarize the current methods for the detection and diagnosis of P. syringae, including traditional techniques such as culture isolation and microscopy, and relatively newer techniques such as PCR and ELISA. It should be noted that each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of each method depends on the specific requirements, resources of each laboratory, and field settings. We also discuss the future trends in this field, such as the need for more sensitive and specific methods to detect the pathogens at low concentrations and the methods that can be used to diagnose P. syringae infections that are co-existing with other pathogens. Modern technologies such as genomics and proteomics could lead to the development of new methods of highly accurate detection and diagnosis based on the analysis of genetic and protein markers of the pathogens. Furthermore, using machine learning algorithms to analyze large data sets could yield new insights into the biology of P. syringae and novel diagnostic strategies. This review could enhance our understanding of P. syringae and help foster the development of more effective management techniques of the diseases caused by related pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piao Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lijing Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yu Gary Gao
- OSU South Centers, The Ohio State University, 1864 Shyville Road, Piketon, OH 45661, USA
- Department of Extension, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ye Xia
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chaudhary S, Sindhu SS, Dhanker R, Kumari A. Microbes-mediated sulphur cycling in soil: Impact on soil fertility, crop production and environmental sustainability. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127340. [PMID: 36889205 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in soil fertility and depletion of natural resources due to current intensive agricultural practices along with climate changes are the major constraints for crop productivity and global food security. Diverse microbial populations' inhabiting the soil and rhizosphere participate in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and thereby, improve soil fertility and plant health, and reduce the adverse impact of synthetic fertilizers on the environment. Sulphur is 4th most common crucial macronutrient required by all organisms including plants, animals, humans and microorganisms. Effective strategies are required to enhance sulphur content in crops for minimizing adverse effects of sulphur deficiency on plants and humans. Various microorganisms are involved in sulphur cycling in soil through oxidation, reduction, mineralization, and immobilization, and volatalization processes of diverse sulphur compounds. Some microorganisms possess the unique ability to oxidize sulphur compounds into plant utilizable sulphate (SO42-) form. Considering the importance of sulphur as a nutrient for crops, many bacteria and fungi involved in sulphur cycling have been characterized from soil and rhizosphere. Some of these microbes have been found to positively affect plant growth and crop yield through multiple mechanisms including the enhanced mobilization of nutrients in soils (i.e., sulphate, phosphorus and nitrogen), production of growth-promoting hormones, inhibition of phytopathogens, protection against oxidative damage and mitigation of abiotic stresses. Application of these beneficial microbes as biofertilizers may reduce the conventional fertilizer application in soils. However, large-scale, well-designed, and long-term field trials are necessary to recommend the use of these microbes for increasing nutrient availability for growth and yield of crop plants. This review discusses the current knowledge regarding sulphur deficiency symptoms in plants, biogeochemical cycling of sulphur and inoculation effects of sulphur oxidizing microbes in improving plant biomass and crop yield in different crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Chaudhary
- Research Associate, EBL Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute of Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
| | - Satyavir Singh Sindhu
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India.
| | - Rinku Dhanker
- International Institute of Veterinary, Education & Research, Bahuakbarpur, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
| | - Anju Kumari
- Center of Food Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pavlicevic M, Abdelraheem W, Zuverza-Mena N, O’Keefe T, Mukhtar S, Ridge G, Ranciato J, Haynes C, Elmer W, Pignatello J, Pagano L, Caldara M, Marmiroli M, Maestri E, Marmiroli N, White JC. Engineered Nanoparticles, Natural Nanoclay and Biochar, as Carriers of Plant-Growth Promoting Bacteria. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4474. [PMID: 36558327 PMCID: PMC9783841 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The potential of biochar and nanoparticles to serve as effective delivery agents for beneficial bacteria to crops was investigated. Application of nanoparticles and biochar as carriers for beneficial bacteria improved not only the amount of nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria in soil, but also improved chlorophyll content (1.2-1.3 times), cell viability (1.1-1.5 times), and antioxidative properties (1.1-1.4 times) compared to control plants. Treatments also improved content of phosphorus (P) (1.1-1.6 times) and nitrogen (N) (1.1-1.4 times higher) in both tomato and watermelon plants. However, the effect of biochars and nanoparticles were species-specific. For example, chitosan-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles with adsorbed bacteria increased the phosphorus content in tomato by 1.2 times compared to a 1.1-fold increase when nanoclay with adsorbed bacteria was applied. In watermelon, the situation was reversed: 1.1-fold increase in the case of chitosan-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles and 1.2 times in case of nanoclay with adsorbed bacteria. Our findings demonstrate that use of nanoparticles and biochar as carriers for beneficial bacteria significantly improved plant growth and health. These findings are useful for design and synthesis of novel and sustainable biofertilizer formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Pavlicevic
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Wael Abdelraheem
- Connecticut Agricultural Experimental Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | | | - Tana O’Keefe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Salma Mukhtar
- Connecticut Agricultural Experimental Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Gale Ridge
- Connecticut Agricultural Experimental Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - John Ranciato
- Connecticut Agricultural Experimental Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Christy Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Wade Elmer
- Connecticut Agricultural Experimental Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Joseph Pignatello
- Connecticut Agricultural Experimental Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Luca Pagano
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marina Caldara
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marta Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Maestri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Jason C. White
- Connecticut Agricultural Experimental Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gahan J, O’Sullivan O, Cotter PD, Schmalenberger A. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Support Plant Sulfur Supply through Organosulfur Mobilizing Bacteria in the Hypho- and Rhizosphere. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3050. [PMID: 36432779 PMCID: PMC9694294 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the role of bacteria colonising mycorrhizal hyphae in organically bound sulfur mobilisation, the dominant soil sulfur source that is not directly plant available. The effect of an intact mycorrhizal symbiosis with access to stable isotope organo-34S enriched soils encased in 35 µm mesh cores was tested in microcosms with Agrostis stolonifera and Plantago lanceolata. Hyphae and associated soil were sampled from static mesh cores with mycorrhizal ingrowth and rotating mesh cores that exclude mycorrhizal ingrowth as well as corresponding rhizosphere soil, while plant shoots were analysed for 34S uptake. Static cores increased uptake of 34S at early stages of plant growth when sulfur demand appeared to be high and harboured significantly larger populations of sulfonate mobilising bacteria. Bacterial and fungal communities were significantly different in the hyphospheres of static cores when compared to rotating cores, not associated with plant hosts. Shifts in bacterial and fungal communities occurred not only in rotated cores but also in the rhizosphere. Arylsulfatase activity was significantly higher in the rhizosphere when cores stayed static, while atsA and asfA gene diversity was distinct in the microcosms with static and rotating cores. This study demonstrated that AM symbioses can promote organo-S mobilization and plant uptake through interactions with hyphospheric bacteria, enabling AM fungal ingrowth into static cores creating a positive feedback-loop, detectable in the microbial rhizosphere communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Gahan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Orla O’Sullivan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, and APC Microbiome Ireland, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, and APC Microbiome Ireland, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Achim Schmalenberger
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mei C, Wang H, Cai K, Xiao R, Xu M, Li Z, Zhang Z, Cui J, Huang F. Characterization of soil microbial community activity and structure for reducing available Cd by rice straw biochar and Bacillus cereus RC-1. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156202. [PMID: 35623534 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The combination of biochar and specific bacteria has been widely applied to remediate Cadmium-contaminated soil. But little is known about how such composites affect the dynamic distribution of metal fractions. This process is accompanied by the alternations of soil properties and microbial community structures. Composite of rice straw biochar and Bacillus cereus RC-1 were applied to investigate its impacts on Cd alleviation and soil microbial diversity and structure. The bacterial/biochar composite treatment decreased the fraction of HOAc-extractable Cd by 38.82%, and increased residual Cd by 23.95% compared to the untreated control. Moreover, compared with the untreated control, the composite treatment significantly increased the soil pH by about 1.5 units, and the activities of catalase, urease and invertase enzymes were increased by 42.39%, 30.50% and 31.20%, respectively. Composite treatment increased soil bacterial and fungal alpha diversity, the relative abundance of Bacillus, Streptomyces, Arthrobacter, and Aspergillus species were also increased. Mantel test and correlation analysis indicated that the effects associated with fungal communities in influencing soil properties were lower than that those of bacterial communities by different treatment. Aggregated boosted tree (ABT) models analysis showed that soil chemical proprieties (as determined by SOM, CEC, AN, etc.,) contributed over 50% of the changes in bacterial and fungal communities by the composite treatment. The co-occurrence network results showed that all treatments enhanced the correlation between OUT groups and improved the possible relationships in the bacterial and fungal communities, especially the interrelationships between bacteria and fungi after the Cd fractions stabilized. These findings provide a new insight to optimal strategies for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Mei
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Heng Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Kunzheng Cai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Rongbo Xiao
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Meili Xu
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zishan Li
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jingyi Cui
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Fei Huang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu Z, Sun M, Xiao K, Ou B, Liang S, Hou H, Yang J. Changes of phosphorus species during (hydro) thermal treatments of iron-rich sludge and their solubilization mediated by a phosphate solubilizing microorganism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156612. [PMID: 35690206 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically evaluated phosphorus (P) solubilization from pyrochar and hydrochar derived from both raw sludge and iron-rich sludge. The data indicated, that an increase in thermal treatment temperature and the presence of iron promoted the accumulation of P in both pyrochar (derived at 300, 500, and 800 °C) and hydrochar (derived at 100, 200, and 280 °C). After incubating pyrochar and hydrochar with a phosphate solubilizing microorganism (PSM) (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) for 30 days, PSM significantly promoted the solubilization of P in pyrochar and hydrochar synthesized at low temperatures rather than those at high temperatures, with a 59 % increase for the pyrolysis of raw sludge at 300 °C than that pyrolyzed at 800 °C and a 62 % increase for the hydrothermal treatment of raw sludge at 100 °C than that treated at 280 °C. And the phenomena were more obvious on the char samples derived from iron-rich sludge. The mass balance of different P species in the solid and liquid phases indicated that after incubating with PSM for 30 days, NaOH-P was the main P solubilized from the solid phase of pyrochar and HCl-P was the main P solubilized from the solid phase of hydrochar. Considering P availability to plants, the preliminary economic analysis indicated that the hydrothermal treatment of iron-rich sludge at 100 °C showed the highest economic benefits for P recovery, with the net cost of 28.79 USD/ton wet sludge. This study was useful in giving novel insights into the reuse of char samples as P fertilizer, and also suggested the importance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria in sludge application, particularly in terms of P solubilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zecong Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Mei Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Keke Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Bei Ou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Sha Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Huijie Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Song B, Almatrafi E, Sang F, Wang W, Zhang C, Shen M, Zhou C, Tang X, Zeng G, Gong J. Managing Fenton-treated sediment with biochar and sheep manure compost: Effects on the evolutionary characteristics of bacterial community. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 316:115218. [PMID: 35580508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fenton oxidation is a widely used method for the fast and efficient treatment of contaminated sediment, but few studies have investigated the management of Fenton-treated sediment for resource utilization. In this study, the evolutionary characteristics of bacterial community composition in Fenton-treated riverine sediment were investigated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing after the incorporation of rice straw biochar and sheep manure compost. The Fenton treatment caused a decline in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes from 39% to 8% on the 7th day, and using biochar and compost rapidly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes from 13% to 61% and 57%, respectively. Applying 1.25 wt% biochar after the Fenton treatment contributed to high Shannon diversity indices of 4.80, 4.69, and 4.76 on the 7th, 28th, and 56th day, respectively. The reduced differences of Shannon indexes on the 56th day indicated that the bacterial diversity among different treatments tended to be similar over time. The genera Flavisolibacter and Bacillus were representatively detected on the 7th day in the untreated sediment and Fenton/biochar-treated sediment, respectively. The number of feature bacteria decreased significantly from 88 on the 7th day to 29 on the 56th day. The community functions for the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles were sensitive to the Fenton-treatment and the subsequent treatment with biochar and compost. This study may provide a useful reference for follow-up work on the remediation of contaminated sediment using advanced oxidation processes, and promote the development of resource utilization of amended sediment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Eydhah Almatrafi
- Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fan Sang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Maocai Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chengyun Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Jilai Gong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Biochar Additions Alter the Abundance of P-Cycling-Related Bacteria in the Rhizosphere Soil of Portulaca oleracea L. under Salt Stress. SOIL SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems6030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous reports confirm a positive impact of biochar amendments on soil enzyme activities, nutrient cycles, and, finally, plant growth and development. However, reports explaining the process behind such diverse observations are scarce. The aim of the present study was (1) to evaluate the effect of biochar on the growth of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) and nutrients; (2) to determine the response of rhizosphere enzyme activities linked to soil phosphorus cycling after bio-char amendment under non–saline and saline soil conditions. Furthermore, we investigate whether adding biochar to soil alters the abundance of P-cycling-related bacteria. Two rates of biochar (2% and 4%) were applied in pot experiments. Biochar addition of 2% significantly increased plant growth under non-saline and saline soil conditions by 21% and 40%, respectively. Moreover, applying biochar increased soil microbial activity as observed by fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolase activity, as well as phosphomonoesterase activities, and the numbers of colony-forming units (CFU) of P-mobilizing bacteria. Soil amended with 2% biochar concentration increased total soil nitrogen (Nt), phosphorus (P), and total carbon (Ct) concentrations by 18%, 15%, and 90% under non-saline soil conditions and by 29%, 16%, and 90% in saline soil compared the control, respectively. The soil FDA hydrolytic activity and phosphatase strongly correlate with soil Ct, Nt, and P contents. The rhizosphere soil collected after biochar amendment showed a higher abundance of tricalcium phosphate-solubilizing bacteria than the control soil without biochar. Overall, this study demonstrated that 2% maize-derived biochar positively affects halophyte plant growth and thus could be considered for potential use in the reclamation of degraded saline soil.
Collapse
|
13
|
Microbial Inoculation Improves Growth, Nutritional and Physiological Aspects of Glycine max (L.) Merr. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071386. [PMID: 35889105 PMCID: PMC9316164 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering a scenario where there is a low availability and increasing costs of fertilizers in the global agricultural market, as well as a finitude of important natural resources, such as phosphorus (P), this study tested the effect of the inoculation of rhizospheric or endophytic microorganisms isolated from Hymenaea courbaril and Butia purpurascens on the growth promotion of Glycine max (L.) Merr. The tests were conducted in a controlled greenhouse system, and the effects of biofertilization were evaluated using the following parameters: dry biomass, nutritional content, and photochemical and photosynthetic performance of plants. Seed biopriming was performed with four bacterial and four fungal isolates, and the results were compared to those of seeds treated with the commercial product Biomaphos®. Overall, microbial inoculation had a positive effect on biomass accumulation in G. max, especially in strains PA12 (Paenibacillus alvei), SC5 (Bacillus cereus), and SC15 (Penicillium sheari). The non-inoculated control plants accumulated less nutrients, both in the whole plant and aerial part, and had reduced chlorophyll index and low photosynthetic rate (A) and photochemical efficiency. Strains PA12 (P. alvei), SC5 (B. cereus), and 328EF (Codinaeopsis sp.) stood out in the optimization of nutrient concentration, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance. Plants inoculated with the bacterial strains PA12 (P. alvei) and SC5 (B. cereus) and with the fungal strains 328EF (Codinaeopsis sp.) and SC15 (P. sheari) showed the closest pattern to that observed in plants treated with Biomaphos®, with the same trend of direction of the means associated with chlorophyll index, (A), dry mass, and concentration of important nutrients such as N, P, and Mg. We recommend the use of these isolates in field tests to validate these strains for the production of biological inoculants as part of the portfolio of bioinputs available for G. max.
Collapse
|
14
|
Pathania N, Kumar A, Sharma P, Kaur A, Sharma S, Jain R. Harnessing rhizobacteria to fulfil inter-linked nutrient dependency on soil and alleviate stresses in plants. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2694-2716. [PMID: 35656999 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant rhizo-microbiome comprises of complex microbial communities that colonizes at the interphase of plant roots and soil. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the rhizosphere provides important ecosystem services ranging from release of essential nutrients for enhancing soil quality and improving plant health to imparting protection to plants against rising biotic and abiotic stresses. Hence, PGPR serve as restoring agents to rejuvenate soil health and mediate plant fitness in the facet of changing climate. Though, it is evident that nutrients availability in soil are managed through inter-linked mechanisms, how PGPR expediate these processes remain less recognized. Promising results of PGPR inoculation on plant growth are continually reported in controlled environmental conditions, however, their field application often fails due to competition with native microbiota and low colonization efficiency in roots. The development of highly efficient and smart bacterial synthetic communities by integrating bacterial ecological and genetic features provides better opportunities for successful inoculant formulations. This review provides an overview of the inter-play between nutrient availability and disease suppression governed by rhizobacteria in soil followed by the role of synthetic bacterial communities in developing efficient microbial inoculants. Moreover, an outlook on the beneficial activities of rhizobacteria in modifying soil characteristics to sustainably boost agroecosystem functioning is also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neemisha Pathania
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Avneet Kaur
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Effects of Torrefied Wood Chips and Vermicompost on Tree Growth and Weed Biomass: Implications for the Sustainable Management of Salt-Affected Reclaimed Lands. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A harsh environment, slow tree growth, nutrient deficiencies, and competition between trees and weeds can impede forest establishment on reclaimed lands. We investigated the effects of torrefied wood chips (TWC) and vermicompost (VC) soil amendments on the growth of Populus euramericana Guinier, weed biomass, and soil chemical properties on reclaimed land in Saemangeum. The 2.5 Mg ha−1 and 5.0 Mg ha−1 TWC had a similar effect on tree diameter and height growth (i.e., 2.5 = 5.0 > 0 TWC) and tended to have similar, higher effect on the total biomass of P. euramericana than the 0 Mg ha−1. The 2.5 Mg ha−1 TWC resulted in a significantly larger root biomass than the 5.0 Mg ha−1 TWC. The weed biomass was significantly larger at the 2.7 Mg ha−1 VC (i.e., 730.5–810.5 g m−2) than the control (605.1–610.6 g m−2), but VC alone was not effective for tree growth and soil amelioration. The TWC had no effect on weed biomass. Thus, the TWC and VC had contrasting effects on tree growth and weed biomass when they were used as soil amendments on salt-affected reclaimed land. VC application may promote weed proliferation, whereas TWC application may potentially increase the growth of P. euramericana and control weed growth on reclaimed lands. Our results enhance the existing knowledge on tree and weed responses to torrefied wood chips and vermicompost amendments for the sustainable management of salt-affected reclaimed lands.
Collapse
|
16
|
Rawat VS, Kaur J, Bhagwat S, Pandit MA, Rawat CD. Deploying Microbes as Drivers and Indicators in Ecological Restoration. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Botany, Dyal Singh College University of Delhi New Delhi 110003 India
| | - Sakshi Bhagwat
- Department of Biosciences Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Manisha Arora Pandit
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College University of Delhi New Delhi 110008 India
| | - Charu Dogra Rawat
- Molecular Biology and Genomics Research Laboratory, Ramjas College University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gillingham MD, Gomes RL, Ferrari R, West HM. Sorption, separation and recycling of ammonium in agricultural soils: A viable application for magnetic biochar? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:151440. [PMID: 34742971 PMCID: PMC8811483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent research on the magnetisation of biochar, a carbon-based material that can be used as a sorbent, has opened novel opportunities in the field of environmental remediation, as incorporating magnetic particles into biochar can simplify subsequent separation. This could offer a sustainable circular economy-based solution in two areas of waste management; firstly, pyrolysis of agricultural waste for magnetic biochar synthesis could reduce greenhouse gas emissions derived from traditional agricultural waste processing, such as landfill and incineration, while secondly, application of magnetic biochar to remove excess nitrogen from soils (made possible through magnetic separation) could provide opportunities for this pollutant to be used as a recycled fertiliser. While sorption of pollutants by magnetic biochar has been researched in wastewater, few studies have investigated magnetic biochar use in polluted soils. Nitrogen pollution (e.g. NH4+), stemming from agricultural fertiliser management, is a major environmental and economic issue that could be significantly reduced before losses from soils occur. This review demonstrates that the use of magnetic biochar tailored to NH4+ adsorption has potential to remove (and recycle for reuse) excess nitrogen from soils. Analysis of research into recovery of NH4+ by sorption/desorption, biochar magnetisation and biochar-soil interactions, suggests that this is a promising application, but a more cohesive, interdisciplinary approach is called for to elucidate its feasibility. Furthermore, research shows variable impacts of biochar upon soil chemistry and biology, such as pH and microbial diversity. Considering wide concerns surrounding global biodiversity depletion, a more comprehensive understanding of biochar-soil dynamics is required to protect and support soil ecosystems. Finally, addressing research gaps, such as optimisation and scaling-up of magnetic biochar synthesis, would benefit from systems thinking approaches, ensuring the many complex considerations across science, industry, policy and economics are connected by circular-economy principles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max D Gillingham
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Rachel L Gomes
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Ferrari
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M West
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Effect of Consecutive Application of Phosphorus-Enriched Biochar with Different Levels of P on Growth Performance of Maize for Two Successive Growing Seasons. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14041987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable management of phosphorus (P) is one of the burning issues in agriculture because the reported P losses, when applied in the form of mineral fertilizer, give rise to another issue of water pollution as P is considered one of the limiting nutrients for eutrophication and so results in costly water treatments. In the present study, the enrichment of biochar with mineral P fertilizer was supposed to reduce such losses from the soil. Additionally, P can also be recycled through this technique at the same time as biochar is derived from biomass. Biochar was prepared using wheat straw followed by its enrichment with di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) at the ratio of 1:1 on a w/w basis. The first pot trial for spring maize (cv. Neelam) was conducted using phosphorus-enriched biochar (PEB) at 0% and 1% with different levels of recommended P (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%). The treatments were arranged factorially under a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. After harvesting the spring maize, pots were kept undisturbed, and a second pot trial was conducted for autumn maize in the same pots to assess the residual impact of 1% PEB. In the second pot trial, only inorganic P was applied to respective treatments because the pots contained 1% PEB supplied to spring maize. The results revealed that the application of 1% PEB at P level 50% significantly increased all the recorded plant traits (growth, yield, and physiological and chemical parameters) and some selected properties of post-harvest soil (available P, organic matter, and EC) but not soil pH. In terms of yield, 1% PEB at 50% P significantly increased both the number of grains and 100-grain weight by around 30% and 21% in spring and autumn maize, respectively, as compared to 100% P without PEB. It is therefore recommended that P-enriched biochar should be used to reduce the inorganic P fertilizer inputs; however, its application under field conditions should be assessed in future research.
Collapse
|
19
|
Rasul M, Cho J, Shin HS, Hur J. Biochar-induced priming effects in soil via modifying the status of soil organic matter and microflora: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150304. [PMID: 34536873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) application has the potential to be integrated into a carbon-trading framework owing to its multiple environmental and economic benefits. Despite the increasing research attention over the past ten years, the mechanisms of BC-induced priming effects on soil organic carbon mineralization and their influencing factors have not been systematically considered. This review aims to document the recent progress in BC research by focusing on (1) how BC-induced priming effects change the soil environment, (2) the factors governing the mechanisms underlying BC amendment effects on soils, and (3) how BC amendments alter soil microbial communities and nutrient dynamics. Here, we carried out a detailed examination of the origins of different biochar, its pyrolysis conditions, and potential interactions with various factors that affect BC characteristics and mechanisms of C mineralization in primed soil. These findings clearly addressed the strong linkage between BC properties and abiotic factors that leads to change the soil microclimate, priming effects, and carbon stabilization. This review offers an overview of a fragmented body of evidence and the current state of understanding to support the application of BC in different soil environments with the aim of sustaining or improving the agricultural crop production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rasul
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pidlisnyuk V, Newton RA, Mamirova A. Miscanthus biochar value chain - A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 290:112611. [PMID: 33892232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To complete a loop of the Miscanthus value chain including production, phytomanagement, conversion to energy, and bioproducts, the wastes accumulated from these processes have to be returned to the production cycle to provide sustainable use of the feedstock, to reduce costs, and to ensure a zero-waste approach. This can be achieved by converting Miscanthus feedstock into biogas and biochar using pyrolysis and then returning biochar to the production cycle of Miscanthus crop applications in the phytotechnology of trace elements (TEs)-contaminated/marginal lands. These processes are subjects of the current review, which focused on the peculiarities of biochar received from Miscanthus by pyrolysis, its properties, the impact on soil characteristics, the phytoremediation process, biomass yield, and the abundance of soil biodiversity. Results from the literature indicated that the pH, surface area, and porosity of Miscanthus biochar are important in determining its impact on soil characteristics. It was inferred that the most effective Miscanthus biochar was produced with a pyrolysis temperature of about 600 °C with a residence time from about 30 min to an hour. Another important factor that determined the impact of Miscanthus biochar on soil health is the application rate: with its increase, the effect became more essential, and the recommended rate is between 5% and 10%. The influence of Miscanthus biochar on the TEs phytoremediation parameters is less studied, generally Miscanthus biochar produced at higher temperatures and added with higher application rates is more likely to restrict the mobility and availability of TEs by different plants. However, some published results are contradictory to these conclusions and showed absence of significant difference in TEs reduction during application of different Miscanthus biochar doses. The future experimental studies have to focus on determining the impact of a technological pyrolysis regime on Miscanthus biochar properties on TEs-contaminated or marginal land when biochar will be obtained from contaminated rhizomes and waste after the application of phytotechnology. In addition, studies must explore the influence of this biochar on TEs phytoparameters, enhancements in biomass yield, improvements in soil parameters, and the abundance of soil diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pidlisnyuk
- Department of the Environmental Chemistry & Technology, Faculty of the Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University, Pasteurova 15, Ústí nad Labem, 400 96, Czech Republic.
| | - Robert Ato Newton
- Department of the Environmental Chemistry & Technology, Faculty of the Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University, Pasteurova 15, Ústí nad Labem, 400 96, Czech Republic.
| | - Aigerim Mamirova
- Department of the Environmental Chemistry & Technology, Faculty of the Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University, Pasteurova 15, Ústí nad Labem, 400 96, Czech Republic; Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty, 05 00 40, Kazakhstan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Blanco-Vargas A, Rodríguez-Gacha LM, Sánchez-Castro N, Garzón-Jaramillo R, Pedroza-Camacho LD, Poutou-Piñales RA, Rivera-Hoyos CM, Díaz-Ariza LA, Pedroza-Rodríguez AM. Phosphate-solubilizing Pseudomonas sp., and Serratia sp., co-culture for Allium cepa L. growth promotion. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05218. [PMID: 33088968 PMCID: PMC7566105 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Different genus of bacteria has been reported with the capacity to solubilize phosphorus from phosphate rock (PR). Pseudomonas sp., (A18) and Serratia sp., (C7) isolated from soils at the “Departamento de Boyacá” Colombia, where Allium cepa is cultivated. Bacteria were cultured in MT11B media and evaluated as a bio-fertilizer for A. cepa germination and growth during two months at greenhouse scale. Pseudomonas sp., and Serratia sp., cultured at 30 °C, 48 h in SMRS1 agar modified with PR, (as an inorganic source of phosphorus), presented a phosphate solubilization index (SI) of 2.1 ± 0.2 and 2.0 ± 0.3 mm, respectively. During interaction assays no inhibition halos were observed, demonstrating there was no antagonism between them. In MT11B media growth curve (12 h) demonstrated that co-culture can grow in the presence of PR and glucose concentrations 7.5-fold, lower than in SMRS1 media and brewer's yeast hydrolysate; producing phosphatase enzymes with a volumetric activity of 1.3 ± 0.03 PU at 6 h of culture and 0.8 ± 0.04 PU at 12 h. Moreover, co-culture released soluble phosphorus at a rate of 58.1 ± 0.28 mg L−1 at 8 h and 88.1 ± 0.32 mg L−1 at 12 h. After five days of evaluation it was observed that germination percentage was greater than 90 % of total evaluated seeds, when placing them in contact with the co-culture in a concentration of 1 × 108 CFU mL−1. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that co-culture application (10 mL per experimental unit to complete 160 mL in two months) at 8.0 Log10 CFU mL−1 twice a week for two months increased A. cepa total dry weight (69 ± 13 mg) compared with total dry weight (38 ± 5.0 mg) obtained with the control with water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Blanco-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y de Suelos, Unidad de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (UNIDIA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- Laboratorio Asociaciones Suelo, Planta Microorganismos (LAMIC), Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Lina M. Rodríguez-Gacha
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y de Suelos, Unidad de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (UNIDIA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Natalia Sánchez-Castro
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y de Suelos, Unidad de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (UNIDIA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Rafael Garzón-Jaramillo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y de Suelos, Unidad de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (UNIDIA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Lucas D. Pedroza-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y de Suelos, Unidad de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (UNIDIA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Raúl A. Poutou-Piñales
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Claudia M. Rivera-Hoyos
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Lucía A. Díaz-Ariza
- Laboratorio Asociaciones Suelo, Planta Microorganismos (LAMIC), Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Aura M. Pedroza-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y de Suelos, Unidad de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (UNIDIA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen J, van Groenigen KJ, Hungate BA, Terrer C, van Groenigen JW, Maestre FT, Ying SC, Luo Y, Jørgensen U, Sinsabaugh RL, Olesen JE, Elsgaard L. Long-term nitrogen loading alleviates phosphorus limitation in terrestrial ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5077-5086. [PMID: 32529708 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Increased human-derived nitrogen (N) deposition to terrestrial ecosystems has resulted in widespread phosphorus (P) limitation of net primary productivity. However, it remains unclear if and how N-induced P limitation varies over time. Soil extracellular phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of P from soil organic matter, an important adaptive mechanism for ecosystems to cope with N-induced P limitation. Here we show, using a meta-analysis of 140 studies and 668 observations worldwide, that N stimulation of soil phosphatase activity diminishes over time. Whereas short-term N loading (≤5 years) significantly increased soil phosphatase activity by 28%, long-term N loading had no significant effect. Nitrogen loading did not affect soil available P and total P content in either short- or long-term studies. Together, these results suggest that N-induced P limitation in ecosystems is alleviated in the long-term through the initial stimulation of soil phosphatase activity, thereby securing P supply to support plant growth. Our results suggest that increases in terrestrial carbon uptake due to ongoing anthropogenic N loading may be greater than previously thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- Aarhus University Center for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kees J van Groenigen
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - César Terrer
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA, USA
| | | | - Fernando T Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Samantha C Ying
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Uffe Jørgensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- Aarhus University Center for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen E Olesen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lars Elsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gorovtsov AV, Minkina TM, Mandzhieva SS, Perelomov LV, Soja G, Zamulina IV, Rajput VD, Sushkova SN, Mohan D, Yao J. The mechanisms of biochar interactions with microorganisms in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:2495-2518. [PMID: 31522311 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, a carbonaceous material, is increasingly used in the remediation of the anthropogenically polluted soils and the restoration of their ecological functions. However, the interaction mechanisms among biochar, inorganic and organic soil properties and soil biota are still not very clear. The effect of biochar on soil microorganisms is very diverse. Several mechanisms of these interactions were suggested. However, a well acceptable mechanism of biochar effect on soil microorganisms is still missing. Therefore, efforts were made to examine and proposed a mechanism of the interactions between biochar and microorganisms, as well as existing problems of biochar impacts on main groups of soil enzymes, the composition of the microbiota and the detoxification (heavy metals) and degradation (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) of soil pollutants. The data on the process of biochar colonization by microorganisms and the effect of volatile pyrolysis products released by biochar on the soil microbiota were analysed in detail. The effects of biochar on the physico-chemical properties of soils, the content of mineral nutrients and the response of microbial communities to these changes are also discussed. The information provided here may contribute to the solution of the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of the biochar questions to enhance the soil fertility and to detoxify pollutants in soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gerhard Soja
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, ERT, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- IVET, University for Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Dinesh Mohan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jun Yao
- China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pinski A, Zur J, Hasterok R, Hupert-Kocurek K. Comparative Genomics of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila Revealed Characteristic Features of Both Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4922. [PMID: 32664682 PMCID: PMC7404187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains are efficient biocontrol agents, their field applications have raised concerns due to their possible threat to human health. The non-pathogenic Stenotrophomonas rhizophila species, which is closely related to S. maltophilia, has been proposed as an alternative. However, knowledge regarding the genetics of S. rhizophila is limited. Thus, the aim of the study was to define any genetic differences between the species and to characterise their ability to promote the growth of plant hosts as well as to enhance phytoremediation efficiency. We compared 37 strains that belong to both species using the tools of comparative genomics and identified 96 genetic features that are unique to S. maltophilia (e.g., chitin-binding protein, mechanosensitive channels of small conductance and KGG repeat-containing stress-induced protein) and 59 that are unique to S. rhizophila (e.g., glucosylglycerol-phosphate synthase, cold shock protein with the DUF1294 domain, and pteridine-dependent dioxygenase-like protein). The strains from both species have a high potential for biocontrol, which is mainly related to the production of keratinases (KerSMD and KerSMF), proteinases and chitinases. Plant growth promotion traits are attributed to the biosynthesis of siderophores, spermidine, osmoprotectants such as trehalose and glucosylglycerol, which is unique to S. rhizophila. In eight out of 37 analysed strains, the genes that are required to degrade protocatechuate were present. While our results show genetic differences between the two species, they had a similar growth promotion potential. Considering the information above, S. rhizophila constitutes a promising alternative for S. maltophilia for use in agricultural biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pinski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska Street, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (J.Z.); (R.H.)
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Hupert-Kocurek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska Street, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (J.Z.); (R.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kaya C, Şenbayram M, Akram NA, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Sulfur-enriched leonardite and humic acid soil amendments enhance tolerance to drought and phosphorus deficiency stress in maize (Zea mays L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:6432. [PMID: 32286357 PMCID: PMC7156716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil amendments are known to promote several plant growth parameters. In many agro-ecosystems, water scarcity and drought induced phosphorus deficiency limits crop yield significantly. Considering the climate change scenario, drought and related stress factors will be even more severe endangering the global food security. Therefore, two parallel field trials were conducted to examine at what extent soil amendment of leonardite and humic acid would affect drought and phosphorus tolerance of maize. The treatments were: control (C: 100% A pan and 125 kg P ha−1), P deficiency (phosphorus stress (PS): 62.5 kg P ha−1), water deficit stress (water stress (WS): 67% A pan), and PS + WS (67% A pan and 62.5 kg P ha−1). Three organic amendments were (i) no amendment, (ii) 625 kg S + 750 kg leonardite ha−1 and (iii) 1250 kg S + 37.5 kg humic acid ha−1) tested on stress treatments. Drought and P deficiency reduced plant biomass, grain yield, chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm, RWC and antioxidant activity (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase), but increased electrolyte leakage and leaf H2O2 in maize plants. The combined stress of drought and P deficiency decreased further related plant traits. Humic acid and leonardite enhanced leaf P and yield in maize plants under PS. A significant increase in related parameters was observed with humic acid and leonardite under WS. The largest increase in yield and plant traits in relation to humic acid and leonardite application was observed under combined stress situation. The use of sulfur-enriched amendments can be used effectively to maintain yield of maize crop in water limited calcareous soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Harran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Şenbayram
- Harran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | | | | | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ikoyi I, Fowler A, Storey S, Doyle E, Schmalenberger A. Sulfate fertilization supports growth of ryegrass in soil columns but changes microbial community structures and reduces abundances of nematodes and arbuscular mycorrhiza. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135315. [PMID: 31787298 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increased use of sulfate fertilizers to compensate for soil sulphur (S) limitation in agricultural soils may affect soil microbes and micro-fauna involved in S mobilization. Here, columns with podzolic soil material and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) were fertilized with 0, 5, 10 and 20 kg ha-1 (S0/S5/S10/S20) inorganic sulfate-S alongside a full complement of other nutrients. In the S10 and S20 columns, significantly higher amounts of sulfate were present in soil solution. After two grass cuts (14 weeks in total), there was a significant decrease in arylsulfatase activity, bacterial-feeding nematode abundances and mycorrhizal colonization in the S10 and S20 columns compared to the S0. Bacterial, fungal and AM community structures shifted significantly across the treatments. After final harvest, the S10 and S20 columns had significantly higher grass dry matter yield and uptake of S, N, K, Ca and Mg compared to the S0. While the overall bacterial diversity was reduced in the S20 treatment, abundance (asfA) and diversity (ssuD and atsA) of bacterial genes involved in S cycling were not significantly affected by one-time sulfate fertilization. These results indicate that short-term sulfate fertilization benefits to plant growth outweighed the negative feedback from parts of the soil biota. To improve nutrient use efficiencies in a sustainable manner, future studies should consider alternative S fertilizers which may be beneficial to both, the soil biota and plants in the long-term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Ikoyi
- University of Limerick, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Ireland; University of Limerick, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Ireland
| | - Andrew Fowler
- University of Limerick, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Ireland; University of Oxford, OCIAM, Mathematical Institute, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Storey
- University College Dublin, School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, Ireland
| | - Evelyn Doyle
- University College Dublin, School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, Ireland
| | - Achim Schmalenberger
- University of Limerick, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mosquito S, Bertani I, Licastro D, Compant S, Myers MP, Hinarejos E, Levy A, Venturi V. In Planta Colonization and Role of T6SS in Two Rice Kosakonia Endophytes. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:349-363. [PMID: 31609645 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-19-0256-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes live inside plants and are often beneficial. Kosakonia is a novel bacterial genus that includes many diazotrophic plant-associated isolates. Plant-bacteria studies on two rice endophytic Kosakonia beneficial strains were performed, including comparative genomics, secretome profiling, in planta tests, and a field release trial. The strains are efficient rhizoplane and root endosphere colonizers and localized in the root cortex. Secretomics revealed 144 putative secreted proteins, including type VI secretory system (T6SS) proteins. A Kosakonia T6SS genomic knock-out mutant showed a significant decrease in rhizoplane and endosphere colonization ability. A field trial using rice seed inoculated with Kosakonia spp. showed no effect on plant growth promotion upon nitrogen stress and microbiome studies revealed that Kosakonia spp. were significantly more present in the inoculated rice. Comparative genomics indicated that several protein domains were enriched in plant-associated Kosakonia spp. This study highlights that Kosakonia is an important, recently classified genus involved in plant-bacteria interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Mosquito
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Iris Bertani
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Danilo Licastro
- CBM S.c.r.l., Area Science Park-Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stéphane Compant
- Bioresources Unit, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 3430 Tulln, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael P Myers
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Asaf Levy
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Vittorio Venturi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Manolikaki I, Diamadopoulos E. Agronomic potential of biochar prepared from brewery byproducts. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 255:109856. [PMID: 31765950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of biochar produced from brewery byproducts, spent grain and surplus yeast on the physicochemical characteristics of a calcareous loam soil and plant growth of maize (Zea mays L.). Maize is a plant which needs high nitrogen fertilization, while the effect of acidic or neutral biochars on alkaline calcareous soils has only been assessed in a few studies. The effect of biochars on dry weight, as well as the level of macro- and micronutrients in soil, and above- and belowground plant tissues, were investigated, in a 30 day experiment after seedling emergence of maize (Zea mays L.), in the presence and absence of nitrogen fertilization. The results indicated that biochar from organic brewery by-products significantly increased the dry weight of the aboveground part of the plant by 59-186%, relative to the control, without the addition of inorganic N fertilization, and by 46-157% with the addition of inorganic N fertilization. The dry weight of the belowground plant tissues significantly increased by 83-92% and 46-106%, relative to the control, with or without the addition of inorganic N fertilization, respectively. Biochar addition, especially at 5% application rate individually or in a mixture, significantly increased the phosphorus content of plant tissues. The content of potassium in the plants was affected mainly by the addition of biochar derived from surplus yeast, while the concentration of calcium and magnesium in plant tissues was positively affected by spent grain biochar, in absence of inorganic nitrogen fertilization. Addition of biochars produced from brewery byproducts improved soil fertility parameters, particularly the contents of total organic carbon (by 133% and 118% with or without fertilization, respectively), total nitrogen (by 120% and 81% respectively) and available phosphorus in the studied loam calcareous soil. Overall, biochar from brewery wastes showed the potential to enhance plant growth and nutrient availability, thus it is a promising organic fertilizer for sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Manolikaki
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100, Chania, Greece
| | - Evan Diamadopoulos
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100, Chania, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rafique M, Ortas I, Ahmed IAM, Rizwan M, Afridi MS, Sultan T, Chaudhary HJ. Potential impact of biochar types and microbial inoculants on growth of onion plant in differently textured and phosphorus limited soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 247:672-680. [PMID: 31279144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-renewable phosphorus (P) resources are intensively declining and recyclable P is high in demand for agricultural sector. Biochar as a renewable source of P and its physicochemical properties may improve the nutrients condition in the soil for plant availability. This study was designed to evaluate the interaction of biochar with soil microbes in differently textured and P-limited soils for P availability, root colonization and nutrient uptake by plants. Onion plants were grown in two differently textured soils with two types of biochar, with or without P application, three microbially inoculated treatments and uninoculated control. Plants were grown for 65 days and root-shoot biomass, nutrient concentration and mycorrhizal root colonization were analyzed. The WinRhizo was used to evaluate root attributes such as length, surface area and volume of roots. Biochar addition enhanced the nutrient uptake and plant biomass in the presence of P and microbial inoculants. Root colonization was notably increased in biochar + mycorrhizal inoculated plants. Biochar and soil type interactions may develop a unique behavior of nutrient uptake, root colonization, plant growth and root attributes. Biochar in combination with microbial inoculants could be considered a potentially renewable source of P fertilizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Rafique
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Cukurova University, Adana, 1150, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ortas
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Cukurova University, Adana, 1150, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim A M Ahmed
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Cukurova University, Adana, 1150, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | | | - Tariq Sultan
- Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Javed Chaudhary
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Cukurova University, Adana, 1150, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bouranis DL, Venieraki A, Chorianopoulou SN, Katinakis P. Impact of Elemental Sulfur on the Rhizospheric Bacteria of Durum Wheat Crop Cultivated on a Calcareous Soil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E379. [PMID: 31569773 PMCID: PMC6843240 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous experiments have shown that the application of fertilizer granules containing elemental sulfur (S0) as an ingredient (FBS0) in durum wheat crops produced a higher yield than that produced by conventional ones (F), provided that the soils of the experimental fields (F vs. FBS0) were of comparable quality and with the Olsen P content of the field's soil above 8 mg kg-1. In this experiment the FBS0 treatment took place in soil with Olsen P at 7.8 mg kg-1, compared with the F treatment's soil with Olsen P of 16.8 mg kg-1, aiming at reducing the imbalance in soil quality. To assess and evaluate the effect of FBS0 on the dynamics of the rhizospheric bacteria in relation to F, rhizospheric soil at various developmental stages of the crops was collected. The agronomic profile of the rhizospheric cultivable bacteria was characterized and monitored, in connection with the dynamics of phosphorus, iron, organic sulfur, and organic nitrogen, in both the rhizosoil and the aerial part of the plant during development. Both crops were characterized by a comparable dry mass accumulation per plant throughout development, while the yield of the FBS0 crop was 3.4% less compared to the F crop's one. The FBS0 crop's aerial part showed a transient higher P and Fe concentration, while its organic N and S concentrations followed the pattern of the F crop. The incorporation of S0 into the conventional fertilizer increased the percentage of arylsulfatase (ARS)-producing bacteria in the total bacterial population, suggesting an enhanced release of sulfate from the soil's organic S pool, which the plant could readily utilize. The proportion of identified ARS-producing bacteria possessing these traits exhibited a maximum value before and after topdressing. Phylogenetic analysis of the 68 isolated ARS-producing bacterial strains revealed that the majority of the isolates belonged to the Pseudomonas genus. A large fraction also possessed phosphate solubilization, and/or siderophore production, and/or ureolytic traits, thus improving the crop's P, Fe, S, and N balance. The aforementioned findings imply that the used FBS0 substantially improved the quality of the rhizosoil at the available phosphorus limiting level by modulating the abundance of the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and effectively enhancing the microbially mediated nutrient mobilization towards improved plant nutritional dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris L Bouranis
- Plant Physiology and Morphology Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
| | - Anastasia Venieraki
- General and Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
| | - Styliani N Chorianopoulou
- Plant Physiology and Morphology Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Katinakis
- General and Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Simultaneous bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues and oxodegradable polyethylene by Pleurotus ostreatus for biochar production, enriched with phosphate solubilizing bacteria for agricultural use. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217100. [PMID: 31095642 PMCID: PMC6521990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A simultaneous treatment of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) and low density oxodegradable polyethylene (LDPEoxo) was carried-out using Pleurotus ostreatus at microcosm scale to obtain biotransformed plastic and oxidized lignocellulosic biomass. This product was used as raw matter (RM) to produce biochar enriched with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Biochar potential as biofertilizer was evaluated in Allium cepa culture at greenhouse scale. Experiments including lignocellulosic mix and LDPEoxo were performed for 75 days in microcosm. Biotransformation progress was performed by monitoring total organic carbon (TOC), CO2 production, laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP) enzymatic activities. Physical LDPEoxo changes were assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and static contact angle (SCA) and chemical changes by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results revealed P. ostreatus was capable of LCB and LDPEoxo biotransformation, obtaining 41% total organic carbon (TOC) removal with CO2 production of 2,323 mg Kg-1 and enzyme activities of 169,438 UKg-1, 5,535 UKg-1 and 5,267 UKg-1 for LiP, MnP and Lac, respectively. Regarding LDPEoxo, SCA was decreased by 84%, with an increase in signals at 1,076 cm-1 and 3,271 cm-1, corresponding to C-O and CO-H bonds. A decrease in signals was observed related to material degradation at 2,928 cm-1, 2,848 cm-1, agreeing with CH2 asymmetrical and symmetrical stretching, respectively. PSB enriched biochar favored A. cepa plant growth during the five-week evaluation period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an in vitro circular production model, where P. ostreatus was employed at a microcosmos level to bioconvert LCB and LDPEoxo residues from the agroindustrial sector, followed by thermoconversion to produce an enriched biochar with PSB to be used as a biofertilizer to grow A. cepa at greenhouse scale.
Collapse
|
32
|
Li Z, Song Z, Singh BP, Wang H. The impact of crop residue biochars on silicon and nutrient cycles in croplands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:673-680. [PMID: 31096397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Croplands are subjected to nutrient loss mainly due to agricultural harvest. Silicon has beneficial effect on alleviating nutrient imbalance-induced stress. Addition of crop residue biochars to cropland can import both silicon (Si) and nutrients (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) directly and enhance their availability. Nevertheless, how the concentrations of Si and nutrients vary among the biochars derived from different feedstocks, and how crop Si and nutrients respond to addition of biochars to croplands have not yet been clarified comprehensively and quantitatively. Total and essentially available Si and nutrients in crop residue biochars and their relationships with crop Si and nutrient uptake were investigated by using data collected from peer reviewed papers. Biochars derived from rice husk, rice straw, corn stover, sugarcane residues, and wheat straw, which were produced by thermal pyrolysis at 150-900 °C under oxygen-limited conditions, averagely contained 20.03% (n = 10), 12.39% (n = 16), 10.25% (n = 7), 7.40% (n = 9), and 3.34% (n = 3) of total Si, respectively. By contrast, crop residue biochars contained, on average, 1.23% nitrogen (n = 461), 0.32% phosphorus (n = 209), 0.56% sulfur (n = 187), 2.73% potassium (n = 197), 1.17% calcium (n = 123), and 0.54% magnesium (n = 111), which largely depended on and varied widely with their feedstocks and pyrolysis conditions. On average, 32.6%-54.9% of the total Si and nutrients (excluding nitrogen) in crop residue biochars were essentially available. Hence, addition of crop residue biochars to croplands may contribute a considerable amount of total and available Si and nutrients, except available inorganic nitrogen. The increasing amounts of Si and nutrient input with addition of biochars had positive and statistically significant (p < 0.05) relationships with the increment of crop Si and nutrient uptake, respectively. In conclusion, addition of crop residue biochars can be beneficial to sustainable agriculture system through concerting Si and nutrient cycling in croplands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zichuan Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhaoliang Song
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Bhupinder Pal Singh
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sarfraz R, Hussain A, Sabir A, Ben Fekih I, Ditta A, Xing S. Role of biochar and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria to enhance soil carbon sequestration-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:251. [PMID: 30919093 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Global climate is undergoing significant changes due to extensive release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as CO2 and methane in the atmosphere. These gases are produced and released as a result of anthropogenic activities and fossil fuel burnings which also result in depletion of soil carbon resources. Biochar has various distinctive properties, which contribute to make it an effective, economical, and eco-friendly approach for soil carbon sequestration. The versatility in physicochemical properties of biochar provides an opportunity to optimize its efficacy to obtain desired benefits. A critical review of the literature indicates that biochar and plant growth-promoting microbes have the potential to improve soil organic carbon (SOC). Recent studies have depicted a significant role of the combined application of plant growth-promoting microbes and biochar on SOC dynamics. In future, these areas need to be explored as these have the potential to improve SOC dynamics and it could be a better strategy to sustain natural resources and ultimately mitigation of the climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubab Sarfraz
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Azhar Hussain
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Asma Sabir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ibtissem Ben Fekih
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir (U), Sheringal, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18000, Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Shihe Xing
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ikoyi I, Fowler A, Schmalenberger A. One-time phosphate fertilizer application to grassland columns modifies the soil microbiota and limits its role in ecosystem services. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 630:849-858. [PMID: 29499540 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of one-time phosphate fertilization on the soil microbiota, its cycling of phosphorus (P) and grass growth. Soil columns were established in a greenhouse using a P-limited Irish soil (index 1), planted with Lolium perenne and fertilized with 0 (control), 5 (quarter), 10 (half) and 20 (full)kgPha-1 as inorganic phosphate. Only traces of phosphate in soil solution were detected over the 14week experiment, even after phosphate fertilization. Grass dry matter yield between treatments was not significantly different. Full phosphate fertilization significantly reduced the arbuscular mycorrhization (AM) rate, bacterial- and fungal-feeding nematode population, bacterial phoD gene abundance, but increased alkaline and acid phosphatase activities at the time of harvest. Full and half P treatments significantly shifted the bacterial, fungal and AM community structures compared to the control. Furthermore, the control had a significantly higher relative abundance of bacterial genera including Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Paenibacillus, Nocardioides and Balneimonas, that have been associated with P mobilization in the past, when compared to the full phosphate treatment. These results suggest that a positive effect of a single phosphate application on plant growth in a soil can be cancelled out by its negative effect on the soil microbiota and their ecosystem services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Ikoyi
- University of Limerick, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Ireland; University of Limerick, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Ireland
| | - Andrew Fowler
- University of Limerick, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Ireland; University of Oxford, OCIAM, Mathematical Institute, United Kingdom
| | - Achim Schmalenberger
- University of Limerick, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bornø ML, Müller-Stöver DS, Liu F. Contrasting effects of biochar on phosphorus dynamics and bioavailability in different soil types. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:963-974. [PMID: 29426221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how two different biochars (wood biochar - WBC and straw biochar - SBC) affected P dynamics and bioavailability in five different soils differing in pH, C%, texture, Fe, Al, Ca, and Mg giving a range of soils with low (S1 and S2), intermediate (S4), and high (S3 and S5) P sorption capacities. Langmuir and Freundlich equations were fitted to the sorption data of soil and soil/biochar mixtures. P fertilizer applied to all treatments was fractioned into strongly sorbed P (qS), easily available sorbed P (qA) and solution P (c) by determining the anion exchange resin (AER)-extractable P in samples from the sorption experiment. A pot experiment was conducted to measure P uptake by maize grown in S1, S2 and S3 amended with WBC or SBC at two P fertilizer levels (0 or 70mgPkg-1). Only WBC could sorb P from solution partly due to a high content of calcite. SBC did not have any effect on P sorption isotherms, whereas WBC increased the P sorption in S1, S2, and S4, yet decreased P sorption in acidic soil S5. qS increased in S1, S2, and S4, and decreased in S5 in WBC treatments, whereas, qS decreased in SBC treatments in soils S2, S4, and S5. Accordingly, there was a significant interaction between soil type and biochar on maize growth and P uptake. Biochar had no effect in an alkaline soil (S3), whereas, WBC and SBC had positive effects on maize growth in slightly acidic soils S1 and S2, depending on the soil P status, however, the P uptake was lower in WBC compared to SBC treatments. Biochar and soil properties and the P status of the soil affect P bioavailability. The study provides useful information for optimizing the use of biochar in agricultural P management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Louise Bornø
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Højbakkegård allé 13, DK-2630 Tåstrup, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Huairou district, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Dorette Sophie Müller-Stöver
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1821 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Fulai Liu
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Højbakkegård allé 13, DK-2630 Tåstrup, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Huairou district, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Arif MS, Riaz M, Shahzad SM, Yasmeen T, Ashraf M, Siddique M, Mubarik MS, Bragazza L, Buttler A. Fresh and composted industrial sludge restore soil functions in surface soil of degraded agricultural land. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:517-527. [PMID: 29156271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A field study was conducted to test the potential of 5-year consecutive application of fresh industrial sludge (FIS) and composted industrial sludge (CIS) to restore soil functions at surface (0-15cm) and subsurface (15-30cm) of the degraded agricultural land. Sludge amendments increased soil fertility parameters including total organic carbon (TOC), soil available nitrogen (SAN), soil available phosphorus (SAP) and soil available potassium (SAK) at 0-15cm depth. Soil enzyme activities i.e. dehydrogenase (DHA), β-glucosidase (BGA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALp) were significantly enhanced by FIS and CIS amendments in surface soil. However, urease activity (UA) and acid phosphatase (ACp) were significantly reduced compared to control soil. The results showed that sludge amendments significantly increased microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) at both soil depth, and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) only at 0-15cm depth. Significant changes were also observed in the population of soil culturable microflora (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) with CIS amendment in surface soil suggesting persistence of microbial activity owing to the addition of organic matter source. Sludge amendments significantly reduced soil heavy metal concentrations at 0-15cm depth, and the effect was more pronounced with CIS compared to unamended control soil. Sludge amendments generally had no significant impact on soil heavy metal concentrations in subsoil. Agronomic viability test involving maize was performed to evaluate phytotoxicity of soil solution extract at surface and sub-surface soil. Maize seeds grown in solution extract (0-15cm) from sludge treated soil showed a significant increase of relative seed germination (RSG), relative root growth (RRG) and germination index (GI). These results suggested that both sludge amendments significantly improved soil properties, however, the CIS amendment was relatively more effective in restoring soil functions and effectively immobilizing wastewater derived heavy metals compared to FIS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem Arif
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Laboratory of Ecological Systems (ECOS), Bâtiment GR, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Site Lausanne, Station 2, Case Postale 96, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sher Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Yasmeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Siddique
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salman Mubarik
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Luca Bragazza
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Laboratory of Ecological Systems (ECOS), Bâtiment GR, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Site Lausanne, Station 2, Case Postale 96, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; University of Ferrara, Department of Life Science and Biotechnologies, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alexandre Buttler
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Laboratory of Ecological Systems (ECOS), Bâtiment GR, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Site Lausanne, Station 2, Case Postale 96, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sun D, Hale L, Kar G, Soolanayakanahally R, Adl S. Phosphorus recovery and reuse by pyrolysis: Applications for agriculture and environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:682-691. [PMID: 29245134 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus ore extraction for soil fertilization supports the demand of modern agriculture, but extractable resource limitations, due to scarcity, impose a P reuse and recycling research agenda. Here we propose to integrate biochar production (pyrogenic carbon) with municipal and agricultural waste management systems, to recover and reuse phosphorous that would otherwise be lost from the ecological food web. A meta-analysis and available data on total P in biochar indicated that P-enriched feedstocks include animal manure, human excreta, and plant-biomass collected from P-polluted sites. Phosphorus in biochar could participate in P equilibriums in soils and is expected to supply P. The release, sorption and desorption of P by biochar will codetermine the potential of P replenishment by biochar and P loss from biochar-amended soils. Abiotic and biotic factors are expected to affect sorption/desorption of P between biochar and soil aggregates, and P acquisition by plants. Chemical extraction, using acid or alkaline solutions, is considered as a means for P retrieval from high P biochar, especially for biochar with high heavy metal contents. To bridge the gap between academia and practice, this paper proposes future development for phosphorus acclamation by pyrolysis: 1) identification of high-P bio-waste for pyrolysis; 2) retrieval of P by using biochar as soil amendment or by chemical leaching; 3) biochar modification by inorganic nutrients, P solubilizing microorganisms and other organic matter; and 4) compatible pyrolysis equipment fit to the current waste management context, such as households, and waste water treatment plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daquan Sun
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N5A8, Canada.
| | - Lauren Hale
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Gourango Kar
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N5A8, Canada
| | - Raju Soolanayakanahally
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Sina Adl
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N5A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhu X, Chen B, Zhu L, Xing B. Effects and mechanisms of biochar-microbe interactions in soil improvement and pollution remediation: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:98-115. [PMID: 28458251 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biochars have attracted tremendous attention due to their effects on soil improvement; they enhance carbon storage, soil fertility and quality, and contaminant (organic and heavy metal) immobilization and transformation. These effects could be achieved by modifying soil microbial habitats and (or) directly influencing microbial metabolisms, which together induce changes in microbial activity and microbial community structures. This review links microbial responses, including microbial activity, community structures and soil enzyme activities, with changes in soil properties caused by biochars. In particular, we summarized possible mechanisms that are involved in the effects that biochar-microbe interactions have on soil carbon sequestration and pollution remediation. Special attention has been paid to biochar effects on the formation and protection of soil aggregates, biochar adsorption of contaminants, biochar-mediated transformation of soil contaminants by microorganisms, and biochar-facilitated electron transfer between microbial cells and contaminants and soil organic matter. Certain reactive organic compounds and heavy metals in biochar may induce toxicity to soil microorganisms. Adsorption and hydrolysis of signaling molecules by biochar interrupts microbial interspecific communications, potentially altering soil microbial community structures. Further research is urged to verify the proposed mechanisms involved in biochar-microbiota interactions for soil remediation and improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Luo L, Gu JD. Alteration of extracellular enzyme activity and microbial abundance by biochar addition: Implication for carbon sequestration in subtropical mangrove sediment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 182:29-36. [PMID: 27454094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has attracted more and more attention due to its essential role in adsorbing pollutants, improving soil fertility, and modifying greenhouse gas emission. However, the influences of biochar on extracellular enzyme activity and microbial abundance are still lack and debatable. Currently, there is no information about the impact of biochar on the function of mangrove ecosystems. Therefore, we explored the effects of biochar on extracellular enzyme activity and microbial abundance in subtropical mangrove sediment, and further estimated the contribution of biochar to C sequestration. In this study, sediments were amended with 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% of biochar and incubated at 25 °C for 90 days. After incubation, enzyme activities, microbial abundance and the increased percentage of sediment organic C content were determined. Both increase (phenol oxidase and β-glucosidase) and decrease (peroxidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase) of enzyme activities were observed in biochar treatments, but only peroxidase activity showed statistical significance (at least p < 0.01) compared to the control. Moreover, the activities of all enzymes tested were significantly related to the content of biochar addition (at least p < 0.05). On the other hand, bacterial and fungal abundance in biochar treatments were remarkably lower than control (p < 0.001), and the significantly negative relationship (p < 0.05) between bacterial abundance and the content of biochar was found. Additionally, the increased percentage of organic C gradually increased with biochar addition rate, which provided evidence for applying biochar to mitigate climate change. Given the importance of microorganisms and enzyme activities in sediment organic matter decomposition, the increased C sequestration might be explained by the large decrease of microbial abundance and enzyme activity after biochar intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Luo
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ji-Dong Gu
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Manolikaki II, Mangolis A, Diamadopoulos E. The impact of biochars prepared from agricultural residues on phosphorus release and availability in two fertile soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 181:536-543. [PMID: 27429359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biochars have a high variability in chemical composition, which is influenced by pyrolysis conditions and type of biomass. Essential macronutrient P retained in biochar could be released and made available to plants, enhancing plant growth. This study was conducted in order to evaluate whether biochar, produced from agricultural residues, could release P in water, as well as study its potential effect on plant growth and P uptake. Biochar samples were prepared from rice husks, grape pomace and olive tree prunings by pyrolysis at 300 °C and 500 °C. These samples were used for P batch successive leaching experiments in order to determine P release in water. Subsequently, rice husk and grape pomace biochars, produced by pyrolysis at 300 °C, were applied to two temperate soils with highly different pH. A three-month cultivation period of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was studied in threefold replication, while three harvests were accomplished. Treatments comprised control soils (without amendment) and soils amended only with biochar. Results of P leaching tests showed a continuous release of P from all biochars as compared to raw biomass samples, for which the highest P concentrations were detected during the first extraction. Grape pomace and rice husk biochars pyrolyzed at 500 °C showed higher levels of water-extractable P, as compared to their corresponding raw biomass. Biochars, at 500 °C, leached more P in all four extractions, compared to biochars at 300 °C, apart from olive tree prunings biochars, where both pyrolysis temperatures presented a similar trend. Concerning plant yield of ryegrass, rice husk and grape pomace biochars showed positive statistically significant effects on plant yield only in slightly acidic soil in second and third harvests. In terms of P uptake of ryegrass, grape pomace biochars depicted positive significant differences (P < 0.05) in third harvest, in slightly acidic soil, while in first and second harvests positive significant differences were observed in alkaline soil. These results suggest that biochars derived from agricultural residues may act as a source of P in agronomic applications and improve plant growth, although soil conditions may play a significant role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna I Manolikaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Argirios Mangolis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Evan Diamadopoulos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Freshwater bacteria release methane as a byproduct of phosphorus acquisition. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:6994-7003. [PMID: 27694233 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02399-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater lakes emit large amounts of methane, some of which is produced in oxic surface waters. Two potential pathways for aerobic methane production exist: methanogenesis in oxygenated water, which has been observed in some lakes, or demethylation of small organic molecules. Although methane is produced via demethylation in oxic marine environments, this mechanism of methane release has not yet been demonstrated in freshwater systems. Genes related to the C-P lyase pathway, which cleaves C-P bonds in phosphonate compounds, were found in a metagenomic survey of the surface water of Lake Matano, which is chronically P-starved and methane-rich. We demonstrate that four bacterial isolates from Lake Matano obtain P from methylphosphonate and release methane, and that this activity is repressed by phosphate. We further demonstrate that expression of phnJ, which encodes the enzyme that releases methane, is higher in the presence of methylphosphonate and lower when both methylphosphonate and phosphate are added. This gene is also found in most of the metagenomic data sets from freshwater environments. These experiments link methylphosphonate degradation and methane production with gene expression and phosphate availability in freshwater organisms, and suggest that some of the excess methane in the Lake Matano surface water, and in other methane-rich lakes, may be produced by P-starved bacteria. IMPORTANCE Methane is an important greenhouse gas, and contributes substantially to global warming. Although freshwater environments are known to release methane into the atmosphere, estimates of the amount of methane emitted by freshwater lakes vary from 8 to 73 Tg per year. Methane emissions are difficult to predict in part because the source of the methane can vary: it is the end product of the energy-conserving pathway in methanogenic archaea, which predominantly live in anoxic sediments or waters, but have also been identified in some oxic freshwater environments. More recently, methane release from small organic molecules has been observed in oxic marine environments. Here we show that demethylation of methylphosphonate may also contribute to methane release from lakes, and that phosphate can repress this activity. Since lakes are typically phosphorus-limited, some methane release in these environments may be a byproduct of phosphorus metabolism, rather than carbon or energy metabolism. Methane emissions from lakes are currently predicted using primary production, eutrophication status, extent of anoxia, and the shape and size of the lake; to improve prediction of methane emissions, phosphorus availability and sources may also need to be included in these models.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ogura T, Date Y, Masukujane M, Coetzee T, Akashi K, Kikuchi J. Improvement of physical, chemical, and biological properties of aridisol from Botswana by the incorporation of torrefied biomass. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28011. [PMID: 27313139 PMCID: PMC4911548 DOI: 10.1038/srep28011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective use of agricultural residual biomass may be beneficial for both local and global ecosystems. Recently, biochar has received attention as a soil enhancer, and its effects on plant growth and soil microbiota have been investigated. However, there is little information on how the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil amended with biochar are affected. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the incorporation of torrefied plant biomass on physical and structural properties, elemental profiles, initial plant growth, and metabolic and microbial dynamics in aridisol from Botswana. Hemicellulose in the biomass was degraded while cellulose and lignin were not, owing to the relatively low-temperature treatment in the torrefaction preparation. Water retentivity and mineral availability for plants were improved in soils with torrefied biomass. Furthermore, fertilization with 3% and 5% of torrefied biomass enhanced initial plant growth and elemental uptake. Although the metabolic and microbial dynamics of the control soil were dominantly associated with a C1 metabolism, those of the 3% and 5% torrefied biomass soils were dominantly associated with an organic acid metabolism. Torrefied biomass was shown to be an effective soil amendment by enhancing water retentivity, structural stability, and plant growth and controlling soil metabolites and microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Ogura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Date
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masego Masukujane
- Department of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Private Bag 0033, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Tidimalo Coetzee
- Department of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Private Bag 0033, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kinya Akashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho, Tottori 680-8533, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-0810, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Noyce GL, Winsborough C, Fulthorpe R, Basiliko N. The microbiomes and metagenomes of forest biochars. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26425. [PMID: 27212657 PMCID: PMC4876420 DOI: 10.1038/srep26425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar particles have been hypothesized to provide unique microhabitats for a portion of the soil microbial community, but few studies have systematically compared biochar communities to bulk soil communities. Here, we used a combination of sequencing techniques to assess the taxonomic and functional characteristics of microbial communities in four-year-old biochar particles and in adjacent soils across three forest environments. Though effects varied between sites, the microbial community living in and around the biochar particles had significantly lower prokaryotic diversity and higher eukaryotic diversity than the surrounding soil. In particular, the biochar bacterial community had proportionally lower abundance of Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, and β-Proteobacteria taxa, compared to the soil, while the eukaryotic biochar community had an 11% higher contribution of protists belonging to the Aveolata superphylum. Additionally, we were unable to detect a consistent biochar effect on the genetic functional potential of these microbial communities for the subset of the genetic data for which we were able to assign functions through MG-RAST. Overall, these results show that while biochar particles did select for a unique subset of the biota found in adjacent soils, effects on the microbial genetic functional potential appeared to be specific to contrasting forest soil environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve L Noyce
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carolyn Winsborough
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Roberta Fulthorpe
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Basiliko
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology and the Vale Living with Lakes Centre, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Subedi R, Taupe N, Ikoyi I, Bertora C, Zavattaro L, Schmalenberger A, Leahy JJ, Grignani C. Chemically and biologically-mediated fertilizing value of manure-derived biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 550:924-933. [PMID: 26851878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the potential of manure-derived biochars in promoting plant growth and enhancing soil chemical and biological properties during a 150day pot experiment. Biochars from pyrolysis of poultry litter (PL) and swine manure (SM) at 400 and 600°C, and a commonly available wood chip (WC) biochar produced at high temperature (1000°C) were incorporated to silt-loam (SL) and sandy (SY) soils on a 2% dry soil weight basis. Ryegrass was sown and moisture was adjusted to 60% water filled pore space (WFPS). The PL400 and SM400 biochars significantly increased (p<0.05) shoot dry matter (DM) yields (SL soil) and enhanced nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake by the plants in both soils, compared to the Control. All biochars significantly increased the soil carbon (C) contents compared to the Control. Total N contents were significantly greater for PL400 and PL600 treatments in both soils. The dehydrogenase activity (DA) significantly increased for PL400 and SM400 treatments and was positively correlated with the volatile matter (VM) contents of the biochars, while β-glucosidase activity (GA) decreased for the same treatments in both soils. All biochars significantly shifted (p≤0.05) the bacterial community structure compared to the Control. This study suggests that pyrolysis of animal manures can produce a biochar that acts as both soil amendment and an organic fertilizer as proven by increased NPK uptake, positive liming effect and high soil nutrient availability, while WC biochar could work only in combination with fertilizers (organic as well as mineral).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Subedi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Plassey Park Rd., Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland; Department of Life Sciences, University of Limerick, Plassey Park Rd., Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland.
| | - N Taupe
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Plassey Park Rd., Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - I Ikoyi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Limerick, Plassey Park Rd., Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - C Bertora
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - L Zavattaro
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - A Schmalenberger
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Limerick, Plassey Park Rd., Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - J J Leahy
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Plassey Park Rd., Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - C Grignani
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ye J, Zhang R, Nielsen S, Joseph SD, Huang D, Thomas T. A Combination of Biochar-Mineral Complexes and Compost Improves Soil Bacterial Processes, Soil Quality, and Plant Properties. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:372. [PMID: 27092104 PMCID: PMC4824760 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic farming avoids the use of synthetic fertilizers and promises food production with minimal environmental impact, however this farming practice does not often result in the same productivity as conventional farming. In recent years, biochar has received increasing attention as an agricultural amendment and by coating it with minerals to form biochar-mineral complex (BMC) carbon retention and nutrient availability can be improved. However, little is known about the potential of BMC in improving organic farming. We therefore investigated here how soil, bacterial and plant properties respond to a combined treatment of BMC and an organic fertilizer, i.e., a compost based on poultry manure. In a pakchoi pot trial, BMC and compost showed synergistic effects on soil properties, and specifically by increasing nitrate content. Soil nitrate has been previously observed to increase leaf size and we correspondingly saw an increase in the surface area of pakchoi leaves under the combined treatment of BMC and composted chicken manure. The increase in soil nitrate was also correlated with an enrichment of bacterial nitrifiers due to BMC. Additionally, we observed that the bacteria present in the compost treatment had a high turnover, which likely facilitated organic matter degradation and a reduction of potential pathogens derived from the manure. Overall our results demonstrate that a combination of BMC and compost can stimulate microbial process in organic farming that result in better vegetable production and improved soil properties for sustainable farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ye
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation & School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Shaun Nielsen
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation & School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen D. Joseph
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Danfeng Huang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation & School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bachmann HJ, Bucheli TD, Dieguez-Alonso A, Fabbri D, Knicker H, Schmidt HP, Ulbricht A, Becker R, Buscaroli A, Buerge D, Cross A, Dickinson D, Enders A, Esteves VI, Evangelou MWH, Fellet G, Friedrich K, Gasco Guerrero G, Glaser B, Hanke UM, Hanley K, Hilber I, Kalderis D, Leifeld J, Masek O, Mumme J, Carmona MP, Calvelo Pereira R, Rees F, Rombolà AG, de la Rosa JM, Sakrabani R, Sohi S, Soja G, Valagussa M, Verheijen F, Zehetner F. Toward the Standardization of Biochar Analysis: The COST Action TD1107 Interlaboratory Comparison. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:513-527. [PMID: 26693953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biochar produced by pyrolysis of organic residues is increasingly used for soil amendment and many other applications. However, analytical methods for its physical and chemical characterization are yet far from being specifically adapted, optimized, and standardized. Therefore, COST Action TD1107 conducted an interlaboratory comparison in which 22 laboratories from 12 countries analyzed three different types of biochar for 38 physical-chemical parameters (macro- and microelements, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pH, electrical conductivity, and specific surface area) with their preferential methods. The data were evaluated in detail using professional interlaboratory testing software. Whereas intralaboratory repeatability was generally good or at least acceptable, interlaboratory reproducibility was mostly not (20% < mean reproducibility standard deviation < 460%). This paper contributes to better comparability of biochar data published already and provides recommendations to improve and harmonize specific methods for biochar analysis in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jörg Bachmann
- Agroscope Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS , Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas D Bucheli
- Agroscope Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS , Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniele Fabbri
- University of Bologna, CIRI EA c/o CIRSA , Via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Heike Knicker
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC) , Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Axel Ulbricht
- Eurofins Umwelt Ost GmbH , 09633 Halsbruecke OT Tuttendorf, Germany
| | - Roland Becker
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) , Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Buscaroli
- University of Bologna, CIRI EA c/o CIRSA , Via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Diane Buerge
- Agroscope Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS , Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Cross
- UK Biochar Research Centre, University of Edinburgh , Crew Building, Room 119, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Dane Dickinson
- UK Biochar Research Centre, University of Edinburgh , Crew Building, Room 119, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Akio Enders
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University , 908 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Valdemar I Esteves
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro , Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Michael W H Evangelou
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich , Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guido Fellet
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine , Via delle Scienze 208, IT-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Kevin Friedrich
- Fachhochschule Bingen , Berlinstraße 109, D-55411 Bingen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Gabriel Gasco Guerrero
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSI Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 7, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Glaser
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Bodenbiogeochemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , von-Seckendorff-Platz 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Hanke
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Hanley
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University , 908 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Isabel Hilber
- Agroscope Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS , Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Kalderis
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Technological and Educational Institute of Crete , GR-73100 Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - Jens Leifeld
- Agroscope Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS , Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ondrej Masek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, University of Edinburgh , Crew Building, Room 119, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Mumme
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Potsdam-Bornim , Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marina Paneque Carmona
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC) , Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Roberto Calvelo Pereira
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University , Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Frederic Rees
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement , 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye - TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Alessandro G Rombolà
- University of Bologna, CIRI EA c/o CIRSA , Via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - José Maria de la Rosa
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC) , Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ruben Sakrabani
- School of Energy, Environment and Agrifood, Cranfield University , Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Saran Sohi
- UK Biochar Research Centre, University of Edinburgh , Crew Building, Room 119, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Gerhard Soja
- Health and Environment Department, Environmental Resources and Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , Konrad Lorenz-Strasse 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Massimo Valagussa
- Minoprio Analisi e Certificazioni S.r.l. , Viale Raimondi 54, I-22070 Vertemate con Minoprio (Como), Italy
| | - Frank Verheijen
- Environment and Planning Department, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro , Campus Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Franz Zehetner
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) , Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schmalenberger A, Fox A. Bacterial Mobilization of Nutrients From Biochar-Amended Soils. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2016; 94:109-59. [PMID: 26917243 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil amendments with biochar to improve soil fertility and increase soil carbon stocks have received some high-level attention. Physical and chemical analyses of amended soils and biochars from various feedstocks are reported, alongside some evaluations of plant growth promotion capabilities. Fewer studies investigated the soil microbiota and their potential to increase cycling and mobilization of nutrients in biochar-amended soils. This review is discussing the latest findings in the bacterial contribution to cycling and mobilizing nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur in biochar-amended soils and potential contributions to plant growth promotion. Depending on feedstock, pyrolysis, soil type, and plant cover, changes in the bacterial community structure were observed for a majority of the studies using amplicon sequencing or genetic fingerprinting methods. Prokaryotic nitrification largely depends on the availability of ammonium and can vary considerably under soil biochar amendment. However, denitrification to di-nitrogen and in particular, nitrous oxide reductase activity is commonly enhanced, resulting in reduced nitrous oxide emissions. Likewise, bacterial fixation of di-nitrogen appears to be regularly enhanced. A paucity of studies suggests that bacterial mobilization of phosphorus and sulfur is enhanced as well. However, most studies only tested for extracellular sulfatase and phosphatase activity. Further research is needed to reveal details of the bacterial nutrient mobilizing capabilities and this is in particular the case for the mobilization of phosphorus and sulfur.
Collapse
|
48
|
Janus A, Pelfrêne A, Heymans S, Deboffe C, Douay F, Waterlot C. Elaboration, characteristics and advantages of biochars for the management of contaminated soils with a specific overview on Miscanthus biochars. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 162:275-289. [PMID: 26265597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biochars are products that are rich in carbon obtained by pyrolysis processes that consist in introducing a biomass (such as wood or manure) in a closed container and heating it with little or no available air. This paper reports the impacts of pyrolysis parameters on biochar characteristics. A preliminary examination of the scientific literature revealed that the type of feedstock, the temperature, the heating rate and the gas flow were the major parameters influencing the biochar characteristics. This review highlights the multitude of biochars that can be made and shows the importance of characterizing them before their use in soils. Then we assess how the input of biochars in soils can affect soil parameters. A review of the literature showed modifications on: i) the physical properties of soils (i.e. the modification in soil structure and water retention), ii) the chemical properties of soils (i.e. the modification of pH, cation exchange capacity, nutrient availability, the organic matter content) and iii) the biological properties (i.e. the changes in microbial and faunal communities). All these modifications can lead to an increase in crop productivity, which confirms the value of biochars as a soil amendment. Moreover, biochars can also provide an advantage for soil remediation. Indeed, biochars efficiently reduce the bioavailability of organic and inorganic pollutants. In addition, this review focuses on a specific plant that can be used to produce biochars: Miscanthus, a non-wood rhizomatous C4 perennial grass. Miscanthus presents advantages for biochar production due to: i) its lignocellulosic content, ii) its silicon content, which can mitigate environmental stresses (notably for plants grown on contaminated sites) and iii) the greater surface area of the Miscanthus biochars compared to the biochars produced with other feedstock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Janus
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, 48 Boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France.
| | - Aurélie Pelfrêne
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, 48 Boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Francis Douay
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, 48 Boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Waterlot
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, 48 Boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gahan J, Schmalenberger A. The role of bacteria and mycorrhiza in plant sulfur supply. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:723. [PMID: 25566295 PMCID: PMC4267179 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth is highly dependent on bacteria, saprophytic, and mycorrhizal fungi which facilitate the cycling and mobilization of nutrients. Over 95% of the sulfur (S) in soil is present in an organic form. Sulfate-esters and sulfonates, the major forms of organo-S in soils, arise through deposition of biological material and are transformed through subsequent humification. Fungi and bacteria release S from sulfate-esters using sulfatases, however, release of S from sulfonates is catalyzed by a bacterial multi-component mono-oxygenase system. The asfA gene is used as a key marker in this desulfonation process to study sulfonatase activity in soil bacteria identified as Variovorax, Polaromonas, Acidovorax, and Rhodococcus. The rhizosphere is regarded as a hot spot for microbial activity and recent studies indicate that this is also the case for the mycorrhizosphere where bacteria may attach to the fungal hyphae capable of mobilizing organo-S. While current evidence is not showing sulfatase and sulfonatase activity in arbuscular mycorrhiza, their effect on the expression of plant host sulfate transporters is documented. A revision of the role of bacteria, fungi and the interactions between soil bacteria and mycorrhiza in plant S supply was conducted.
Collapse
|