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Kranzler HR, Davis CN, Feinn R, Jinwala Z, Khan Y, Oikonomou A, Silva-Lopez D, Burton I, Dixon M, Milone J, Ramirez S, Shifman N, Levey D, Gelernter J, Hartwell EE, Kember RL. Gene × environment effects and mediation involving adverse childhood events, mood and anxiety disorders, and substance dependence. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:1616-1627. [PMID: 38834750 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Adverse childhood events (ACEs) contribute to the development of mood and anxiety disorders and substance dependence. However, the extent to which these effects are direct or indirect and whether genetic risk moderates them is unclear. We examined associations among ACEs, mood/anxiety disorders and substance dependence in 12,668 individuals (44.9% female, 42.5% African American/Black, 42.1% European American/white). Using latent variables for each phenotype, we modelled direct and indirect associations of ACEs with substance dependence, mediated by mood/anxiety disorders (the forward or 'self-medication' model) and of ACEs with mood/anxiety disorders, mediated by substance dependence (the reverse or 'substance-induced' model). In a subsample, we tested polygenic scores for the substance dependence and mood/anxiety disorder factors as moderators in the mediation models. Although there were significant indirect paths in both directions, mediation by mood/anxiety disorders (the forward model) was greater than that by substance dependence (the reverse model). Greater genetic risk for substance use disorders was associated with a weaker direct association between ACEs and substance dependence in both ancestry groups (reflecting gene × environment interactions) and a weaker indirect association in European-ancestry individuals (reflecting moderated mediation). We found greater evidence that substance dependence reflects self-medication of mood/anxiety disorders than that mood/anxiety disorders are substance induced. Among individuals at higher genetic risk for substance dependence, ACEs were less associated with that outcome. Following exposure to ACEs, multiple pathways appear to underlie the associations between mood/anxiety disorders and substance dependence. Specification of these pathways could inform individually targeted prevention and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry R Kranzler
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christal N Davis
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Feinn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Frank H. Netter School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zeal Jinwala
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yousef Khan
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariadni Oikonomou
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Damaris Silva-Lopez
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isabel Burton
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Morgan Dixon
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jackson Milone
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Ramirez
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naomi Shifman
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily E Hartwell
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Akintunde TY, Adedeji A, Buchcik J, Isangha SO, Agbede SP, Chukwuemeka NA. Intersection of Adverse Childhood Experiences, Subjective Well-Being and Social Anxiety among Sojourners in China. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2024. [DOI: 10.1007/s42844-024-00144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/01/2024]
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3
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Lortye SA, Will JP, Rameckers SA, Marquenie LA, Goudriaan AE, Arntz A, de Waal MM. Types of childhood maltreatment as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder severity and complex posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with substance use disorders. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2367179. [PMID: 38934350 PMCID: PMC11212561 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2367179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood maltreatment (CM) can be divided into: emotional abuse (EA), physical abuse (PA), sexual abuse (SA), emotional neglect (EN), and physical neglect (PN). CM is associated with (Complex)Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD/CPTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD).Objective: This cross-sectional study examined the relationships between CM-subtypes with PTSD-severity and CPTSD in patients with SUD-PTSD.Method: Participants (N = 209) were treatment-seeking SUD-PTSD patients who completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-short form, the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 and the International Trauma Questionnaire. Regression analyses and a model selection procedure to select an optimal model were used to examine CM-subtypes as predictors of (C)PTSD, adjusted for sex and age.Results: Total CM and all CM-types significantly predicted PTSD-severity in the univariate regression analysis, with EA begin the strongest predictor. In the multiple regression only SA predicted PTSD-severity. Subsequently, model selection indicated that the optimal model to predict PTSD-severity included EA and SA. In the univariate analyses total CM, EA, and PN significantly predicted CPTSD-classification, and total CM and all CM-types significantly predicted CPTSD-severity. In the multiple regression for CPTSD-classification only EA and PA were significant predictors and for CPTSD-severity EA, PA and SA were significant predictors. In post-hoc multiple regression analyses, only EA was a significant predictor of CPTSD-classification and CPTSD-severity. Finally, in the model selection the most parsimonious model only included EA for both CPTSD-classification and CPTSD-severity. Sex was not a moderator in the relationship between CM and PTSD, nor in CM and CPTSD.Conclusions: These findings indicate that for SUD-PTSD patients, several CM-types have predictive value for (C)PTSD-severity, however SA and especially EA appear to contribute to these complaints. Since EA does not constitute an A-criterion, it is generally more overlooked in PTSD treatment. Its impact should therefore be underlined, and clinicians should be attentive to EA in their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera A. Lortye
- Arkin Mental Health Care, Jellinek, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne P. Will
- Arkin Mental Health Care, Jellinek, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie A. Rameckers
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loes A. Marquenie
- Arkin Mental Health Care, Jellinek, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna E. Goudriaan
- Arkin Mental Health Care, Jellinek, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Arntz
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen M. de Waal
- Arkin Mental Health Care, Jellinek, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhang M, Chi C, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Tao X, Liu H, Xuan B. Prevalence of smartphone addiction and its relation with psychological distress and internet gaming disorder among medical college students. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1362121. [PMID: 38887253 PMCID: PMC11182557 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1362121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of smartphone addiction has been widely studied, but the research on the relationship between smartphone addiction and psychological distress and internet gaming disorder is limited. This study investigated the characteristics and prevalence of smartphone addiction and its relation with psychological distress and internet gaming disorder. Furthermore, it provides the scientific basis for intervention measures in schools, families, and society. Methods A random cluster sampling method was applied to investigate 656 medical students from grades 1 to 4 at Wannan Medical College in Anhui province, People's Republic of China. The questionnaire consisted of general information, a smartphone addiction scale, an Internet gaming disorder scale, and a Kessler 6-item psychological distress test. The obtained results were first summarized using descriptive statistics. The Chi-square test was used to compare the status of smartphone addiction. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between smartphone addiction and various variables. Results Our results showed that the prevalence of smartphone addiction in medical students was 49.5% (325/656). Psychological distress (p < 0.001), internet gaming disorder (p < 0.001), and childhood trauma (p = 0.001) were highly correlated with smartphone addiction in medical students. Psychological distress, and internet gaming disorder were positively associated with smartphone addiction (p < 0.000). Conclusion The prevalence of smartphone addiction is high among medical students in Chinese. Smartphone addiction is highly related to related to internet gaming disorder and psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Chenru Chi
- Graduate School of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Qingwei Liu
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiubin Tao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Bin Xuan
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
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Tapia G, Teysseyre J, Bréhonnet R, Baud A, Gauvreau G, Gray M, Oprescu F. Childhood trauma and alcohol misuse in college students: The moderating role of minimization. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 152:106749. [PMID: 38581770 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND History of childhood trauma as a risk factor for alcohol misuse in early adulthood is very well documented. Given the associations between childhood trauma and alcohol misuse, more work is needed to understand the factors that influence this relationship. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood trauma, minimization of such events and alcohol misuse in a French college student sample. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A convenience sampling method was used to recruit students from several colleges located in Western France. The data set included 1180 records with complete responses. METHODS This study employed a cross-sectional online survey. Data collection instruments included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short-Form (CTQ-SF) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). RESULTS The strength of the association between CTQ score and AUDIT total score was increased by minimization score (β = 0.122, p = .07). This result suggests that under-reporting childhood trauma experiences tends to increase the impact of such events on alcohol misuse. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a tendency to minimize threatening childhood events may specifically be related to increased risk of greater alcohol misuse among college students. Therefore, it may be important for clinician to assess minimization of early events in students with a history of childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rémi Bréhonnet
- Groupe Excelia La Rochelle, 17024 La Rochelle Cedex 1, France
| | - Alexandra Baud
- Groupe Excelia La Rochelle, 17024 La Rochelle Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Marion Gray
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Australia
| | - Florin Oprescu
- Cluster for Health Improvement, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia
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Zaorska J, Skrzeszewski J, Kobyliński P, Trucco EM, Wojnar M, Kopera M, Jakubczyk A. From childhood trauma to alcohol use disorder severity - significance of depressive symptoms and expectations towards analgesic effects of alcohol. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agae041. [PMID: 38864292 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The objective of the current study was to describe and analyse associations between childhood emotional abuse, severity of depressive symptoms, and analgesic expectations of drinking in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). METHODS A total of 240 individuals aged 43.85 ± 11.0 with severe AUD entering an inpatient, abstinence-based, and drug-free treatment program were assessed. The data on AUD severity, depressive symptoms, expectations towards the analgesic effects of alcohol and childhood emotional trauma was collected using questionnaire measures. The PROCESS SPSS macro for serial mediation with bootstrapping was used to test whether current severity of depressive symptoms and expectations towards analgesic effects of alcohol use serially mediated the association between childhood emotional abuse on AUD symptom severity. RESULTS There was evidence for two simple mediated effects, whereby the severity of depressive symptoms mediated the association between childhood emotional abuse on AUD symptom severity, and expectations towards analgesic effects of alcohol mediated the association between childhood emotional abuse on AUD symptom severity. There was also evidence to support serial mediation whereby both severity of depressive symptoms and expectations towards analgesic effects of alcohol mediated the association between childhood emotional abuse on AUD symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS It might be clinically relevant to address experiences of childhood emotional trauma, as well as individual expectations of analgesic effects of alcohol, in AUD treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Zaorska
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Skrzeszewski
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kobyliński
- National Information Processing Institute, Laboratory of Interactive Technologies, al. Niepodległości 188B, 00-608 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elisa Maria Trucco
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC 1 Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC 1 Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Center, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marcin Wojnar
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kopera
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Jakubczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
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Daniel LT, Goyal N, Bose S, Bhattacharya M, Umesh S, Raj J. Letting Go of Grudges: An Intervention-Based ERP Study Among Patients with ADS. Indian J Psychol Med 2024; 46:274-276. [PMID: 38699759 PMCID: PMC11062307 DOI: 10.1177/02537176231203625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liza Thankam Daniel
- Clinical Psychologist, Manipal Tata Medical College Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Nishant Goyal
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Swarnali Bose
- Dept. of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | | | - Umesh S
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Justin Raj
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Verrastro V, Cuzzocrea F, Calaresi D, Saladino V. Childhood Emotional Abuse, Neuroticism, Perfectionism, and Workaholism in an Italian Sample of Young Workers. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:298. [PMID: 38667094 PMCID: PMC11047696 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The literature has linked childhood emotional abuse (CEA) to severe negative outcomes such as the development of several maladaptive personality traits and coping mechanisms. Nonetheless, its concurrent connection with neuroticism, perfectionism, and workaholism has not been explored. For the above reasons, the present study sought to investigate whether neuroticism and perfectionism mediate the relationship between CEA and workaholism, as well as evaluate the gender invariance of the model. The sample of the present research comprised 1176 young workers (50% women), aged 18-25, who completed validated self-report questionnaires. The findings highlighted significant positive direct and indirect paths, suggesting a complex interplay between CEA, neuroticism, perfectionism, and workaholism. Furthermore, the model exhibited no significant differences between genders, suggesting that the identified relationships are consistent across both women and men. The findings highlight the importance of identifying CEA and considering the adoption of trauma-informed approaches to manage its adverse effects, thereby potentially averting the onset of workaholism. Moreover, the results underline the necessity for customized preventive measures, aiming to mitigate traits associated with neuroticism and perfectionism as potential paths for successful therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Verrastro
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.V.); (D.C.)
| | - Francesca Cuzzocrea
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.V.); (D.C.)
| | - Danilo Calaresi
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.V.); (D.C.)
| | - Valeria Saladino
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy;
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Sreenivasulu M., Prathyusha V, Ezhumalai S, Narayanan G, Murthy P. Adverse Childhood Experiences, Coping and Resilience in Persons with Alcohol Use Disorder and Their Non-drinking Siblings in High-density Families: A Case-control Study. Indian J Psychol Med 2024; 46:139-146. [PMID: 38725730 PMCID: PMC11076933 DOI: 10.1177/02537176231219769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the odds of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Aim To study the ACEs, coping, and resilience in persons with AUD and their non-drinking siblings from high-density families. Methods The study used a case-control study design. Using purposive sampling, 135 participants were selected; the sample consists of persons with AUD (n = 45), non-drinking siblings (n = 45), and healthy controls (n = 45), selected from out-patient and in-patient services from a government-run de-addiction centre in Bengaluru. Individuals were administered an ACEs questionnaire, Brief-COPE, and Connor-Davison Resilience scale. Descriptive statistics, Friedman's test, and Bonferroni's post-hoc test, Binary Logistic Regression were used for analysis. Results ACEs, coping, and resilience significantly differ across the three groups. Persons with AUD and their non-drinking siblings are comparable in terms of ACEs and having dysfunctional family members. Non-drinking siblings and healthy controls have similar coping and resilience. None of the healthy controls had dysfunctional family members. Conclusion ACEs are more prevalent and more frequent in persons with AUD. Individuals with AUD showed higher avoidant coping and lower resilience than their non-drinking siblings and healthy controls. Early identification of ACEs and interventions to build resilience and coping strategies could prevent individuals from developing AUD in high-density families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivasulu M.
- Dept. of Psychiatric Social Work, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasuki Prathyusha
- Dept of Bio-Statistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sinu Ezhumalai
- Dept. of Psychiatric Social Work, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Pratima Murthy
- Dept of Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Agarwal K, Joseph PV, Zhang R, Schwandt ML, Ramchandani VA, Diazgranados N, Goldman D, Momenan R. Early life stress and body-mass-index modulate brain connectivity in alcohol use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:43. [PMID: 38245501 PMCID: PMC10799859 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) significantly increases susceptibility to alcohol use disorder (AUD) by affecting the interplay between the executive and the salience networks (SNs). The link between AUD and higher body-mass index (BMI) is known, but we lack understanding of how BMI impacts the relationship between ELS and brain connectivity in individuals with AUD. To bridge this gap, we investigated the main and interaction effects of ELS and BMI on brain connectivity in individuals with AUD compared to non-AUD participants (n = 77 sex-matched individuals per group). All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, revealing intriguing positive functional connectivity between SN seeds and brain regions involved in somatosensory processing, motor coordination and executive control. Examining the relationship of brain connectivity with ELS and BMI, we observed positive associations with the correlations of SN seeds, right anterior insula (RAIns) and supramarginal gyrus (SMG) with clusters in motor [occipital cortex, supplementary motor cortex]; anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) with clusters in frontal, or executive, control regions (middle frontal gyrus; MFG, precentral gyrus) that reportedly are involved in processing of emotionally salient stimuli (all |β | > 0.001, |p | < 0.05). Interestingly, a negative association of the interaction effect of ELS events and BMI measures with the functional connectivity of SN seeds ACC with decision-making (MFG, precentral gyrus), RAIns and RSMG with visuo-motor control regions (occipital cortex and supplementary motor cortex) (all |β | = -0.001, |p | < 0.05). These findings emphasize the moderating effect of BMI on ELS-associated SN seed brain connectivity in AUD. Understanding the neural mechanisms linking BMI, ELS and AUD can guide targeted interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Agarwal
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Paule V Joseph
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Melanie L Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David Goldman
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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11
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Kranzler H, Davis C, Feinn R, Jinwala Z, Khan Y, Oikonomou A, Silva-Lopez D, Burton I, Dixon M, Milone J, Ramirez S, Shifman N, Levey D, Gelernter J, Hartwell E, Kember R. Adverse Childhood Events, Mood and Anxiety Disorders, and Substance Dependence: Gene x Environment Effects and Moderated Mediation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3483320. [PMID: 37961429 PMCID: PMC10635374 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3483320/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood events (ACEs) contribute to the development of mood and anxiety disorders and substance dependence. However, the extent to which these effects are direct or indirect and whether genetic risk moderates them is unclear. Methods We examined associations among ACEs, mood/anxiety disorders, and substance dependence in 12,668 individuals (44.9% female, 42.5% African American/Black, 42.1% European American/White). We generated latent variables for each phenotype and modeled direct and indirect effects of ACEs on substance dependence, mediated by mood/anxiety disorders (forward or "self-medication" model) and of ACEs on mood/anxiety disorders, mediated by substance dependence (reverse or "substance-induced" model). In a sub-sample, we also generated polygenic scores for substance dependence and mood/anxiety disorder factors, which we tested as moderators in the mediation models. Results Although there were significant indirect effects in both directions, mediation by mood/anxiety disorders (forward model) was greater than by substance dependence (reverse model). Greater genetic risk for substance dependence was associated with a weaker direct effect of ACEs on substance dependence in both the African- and European-ancestry groups (i.e., gene-environment interaction) and a weaker indirect effect in European-ancestry individuals (i.e., moderated mediation). Conclusion We found greater evidence that substance dependence results from self-medication of mood/anxiety disorders than that mood/anxiety disorders are substance induced. Among individuals at higher genetic risk for substance dependence who are more likely to develop a dependence diagnosis, ACEs exert less of an effect in promoting that outcome. Following exposure to ACEs, multiple pathways lead to mood/anxiety disorders and substance dependence. Specification of these pathways could inform individually targeted prevention and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zeal Jinwala
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Yousef Khan
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Isabel Burton
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Morgan Dixon
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | | | - Sarah Ramirez
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
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12
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Kranzler HR, Davis CN, Feinn R, Jinwala Z, Khan Y, Oikonomou A, Silva-Lopez D, Burton I, Dixon M, Milone J, Ramirez S, Shifman N, Levey D, Gelernter J, Hartwell EE, Kember RL. Adverse Childhood Events, Mood and Anxiety Disorders, and Substance Dependence: Gene X Environment Effects and Moderated Mediation. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.24.23297419. [PMID: 37961309 PMCID: PMC10635185 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.24.23297419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood events (ACEs) contribute to the development of mood and anxiety disorders and substance dependence. However, the extent to which these effects are direct or indirect and whether genetic risk moderates them is unclear. Methods We examined associations among ACEs, mood/anxiety disorders, and substance dependence in 12,668 individuals (44.9% female, 42.5% African American/Black, 42.1% European American/White). We generated latent variables for each phenotype and modeled direct and indirect effects of ACEs on substance dependence, mediated by mood/anxiety disorders (forward or "self-medication" model) and of ACEs on mood/anxiety disorders, mediated by substance dependence (reverse or "substance-induced" model). In a sub-sample, we also generated polygenic scores for substance dependence and mood/anxiety disorder factors, which we tested as moderators in the mediation models. Results Although there were significant indirect effects in both directions, mediation by mood/anxiety disorders (forward model) was greater than by substance dependence (reverse model). Greater genetic risk for substance dependence was associated with a weaker direct effect of ACEs on substance dependence in both the African- and European-ancestry groups (i.e., gene-environment interaction) and a weaker indirect effect in European-ancestry individuals (i.e., moderated mediation). Conclusion We found greater evidence that substance dependence results from self-medication of mood/anxiety disorders than that mood/anxiety disorders are substance induced. Among individuals at higher genetic risk for substance dependence who are more likely to develop a dependence diagnosis, ACEs exert less of an effect in promoting that outcome. Following exposure to ACEs, multiple pathways lead to mood/anxiety disorders and substance dependence. Specification of these pathways could inform individually targeted prevention and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry R. Kranzler
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Christal N. Davis
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Richard Feinn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Frank H. Netter School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT 06473
| | - Zeal Jinwala
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yousef Khan
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ariadni Oikonomou
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Damaris Silva-Lopez
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Isabel Burton
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Morgan Dixon
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jackson Milone
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sarah Ramirez
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Naomi Shifman
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Daniel Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT and VA CT Healthcare Center, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT and VA CT Healthcare Center, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT and VA CT Healthcare Center, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Emily E. Hartwell
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Rachel L. Kember
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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13
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Walker HE, Wamser-Nanney R. Revictimization Risk Factors Following Childhood Maltreatment: A Literature Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2319-2332. [PMID: 35476548 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221093692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Revictimization research, to date, has primarily focused on sexual revictimization (i.e., child sexual abuse and adult sexual assault), which has resulted in a lack of understanding of trauma revictimization more generally. Specifically, it is unclear what factors are placing individuals with a history of child maltreatment (i.e., sexual abuse, physical abuse, and witnessing intimate partner violence [IPV]) at greater risk for subsequent adult victimization (i.e., sexual assault and IPV). Existing theoretical and empirical work on revictimization suggest that multiple risk factors are likely present within this framework (e.g., posttraumatic stress symptoms [PTSS], emotion dysregulation, and risk-taking behaviors). Prior research has suggested that PTSS are often linked with these other risk factors, and it is possible that the development of PTSS following child maltreatment may be related to the development or maintenance of additional factors that increase the likelihood of revictimization. The purpose of this review was to synthesize findings regarding risk factors that place maltreated individuals at greater risk for adult revictimization. Approximately 228 studies were identified following a thorough search of the peer-reviewed literature using multiple databases (PsycINFO, PILOTS, and Google Scholar). Each study was critically analyzed for relevance. The included studies were used in our review of prevalence, specific risk factors that have been identified, and unanswered questions in this literature. PTSS were noted to be particularly important in the revictimization framework, and thus, a novel model of revictimization was also proposed where PTSS are illustrated as being associated with the development and maintenance of other factors within the revictimization framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Walker
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri- St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel Wamser-Nanney
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri- St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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14
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Luk JW, Leiter N, Axelowitz JC, Stangl BL, Melendez CR, Schwandt ML, Gunawan T, Goldman D, Diazgranados N, Ramchandani VA. Effects of clustering and timing of early life stress exposure on mood problems, ADHD symptoms, and problematic drinking. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 166:130-138. [PMID: 37769594 PMCID: PMC10686194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to early life stress (ELS) may lead to long-term health consequences. The Early Life Stress Questionnaire (ELSQ) is a retrospective measure of multiple ELS and their timing. Latent class analysis (LCA) has not been applied to the ELSQ and questions regarding timing are rarely explored. This study examined the effects of clustering and timing of ELS exposure on internalizing and externalizing symptoms. METHOD Data from 1095 participants in the NIAAA Natural History Protocol were analyzed. LCA was conducted on 18 ELS items. Regression and correlational analyses examined associations of latent classes with sociodemographic variables and clinical outcomes. RESULTS LCA revealed three classes: Class 1: Minimal ELS (54.2%), Class 2: Moderate ELS (33.2%), and Class 3: Multiple and High ELS (12.6%). Black/African American participants were more likely to be in Class 2, and participants with low household income were more likely to be in Classes 2 and 3. Family history of problematic alcohol use and individual alcohol use disorder diagnosis were linked to Classes with higher ELS exposure. Compared with Class 1, Class 2 reported higher anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, ADHD symptoms, and problematic drinking, and Class 3 reported the highest levels across all these outcomes. Regarding timing, earlier exposure to ELS (e.g., sustained family conflict and witnessed domestic violence) was associated with higher psychopathological symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The ELSQ can effectively capture clustering and timing of exposure to multiple ELS. Greater and earlier exposure to ELS were positively associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms, underscoring the need for early and well-timed intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Luk
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Noa Leiter
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jared C Axelowitz
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bethany L Stangl
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos R Melendez
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melanie L Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tommy Gunawan
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA; Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Goldman
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Dell'Aquila A, Berle D. Predictors of alcohol and substance use among people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): findings from the NESARC-III study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:1509-1522. [PMID: 37133523 PMCID: PMC10460312 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The self-medication hypothesis suggests people may develop Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) or Non-Alcohol Substance Use Disorder (NA-SUD) following PTSD as a maladaptive way of coping with PTSD symptoms. Given that an accumulation of trauma experiences and interpersonal trauma increase the likelihood and severity of PTSD, we sought to determine whether the number and type of traumas additionally predict AUD and NA-SUD following PTSD. METHODS We analysed data from 36,309 adult participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) study (M = 45.63 years, SD = 17.53, 56.3% female) who were administered semi-structured diagnostic interviews of trauma exposure and PTSD, AUD and NA-SUD symptoms. RESULTS Individuals with PTSD were more likely to have an AUD or NA-SUD than those without PTSD. Endorsement of a greater number of traumas was associated with greater odds of having PTSD, AUD, or NA-SUD. Experience of interpersonal trauma was related to greater odds of having PTSD and subsequent AUD or NA-SUD than not experiencing interpersonal trauma. Multiple experiences of interpersonal trauma compared to one interpersonal trauma exposure also increased the odds of having PTSD followed by AUD or NA-SUD. CONCLUSIONS Interpersonal trauma and multiple experiences of interpersonal trauma may result in individuals turning to alcohol and substances as a way to alleviate intolerable PTSD symptomology, aligning with the self-medication hypothesis. Our findings highlight the importance of ensuring services and support for interpersonal trauma survivors and for those who have experienced multiple traumas given their increased for unfavourable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Dell'Aquila
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Berle
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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16
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Liao J, Allen JH, Yorke M, Boettiger CA, Elton A. Family history, childhood maltreatment, and adolescent binge drinking exert synergistic effects on delay discounting and future alcohol use. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2023; 49:652-663. [PMID: 37673468 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2238242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: The transition to college is associated with a sharp increase in alcohol binge drinking. Family history (FH) of alcohol use disorder (AUD), childhood maltreatment (CM), and adolescent binge drinking are each associated with heightened impulsivity and greater alcohol misuse.Objectives: We hypothesized that FH, CM, and adolescent binge drinking synergistically increase impulsivity and lead to binge drinking increases over the first year of college.Methods: Overall, 329 first-semester college students (18-19 years old, 70% female) with varying degrees of FH (Family History Assessment Module), CM (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), and adolescent binge drinking (Carolina Alcohol Use and Patterns Questionnaire) completed an online study that included a computerized delay discounting task and surveys. Binge drinking was surveyed retrospectively to measure adolescent binge drinking, in addition to baseline and one-year follow-up measures. Linear regression analyses tested the interacting effects of FH, CM, and adolescent binge drinking on delay discounting as well as changes in binge drinking severity between baseline and one-year follow-up. A moderated mediation tested whether delay discounting mediated future binge drinking.Results: Greater levels of FH, CM, and adolescent binge drinking interacted to reduce the selection of delayed rewards (β=-0.12, SE = 0.06), indicating increased impulsivity. There was a similar interaction effect on increased binge drinking over the one-year follow-up period (β = 0.37, SE = 0.13). Although FH, CM, and adolescent binge drinking influenced individual paths, the moderated mediation analysis was not significant.Conclusions: Heritable and environmental risk factors for AUD predicted impulsivity and prospectively predicted college binge drinking. Interventions targeting delay discounting processes may represent an effective strategy to reduce harmful drinking specifically for certain high-risk college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Liao
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Hunter Allen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mya Yorke
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Charlotte A Boettiger
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amanda Elton
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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17
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Agarwal K, Joseph P, Zhang R, Schwandt M, Ramchandani V, Diazgranados N, Goldman D, Momenan R. Early Life Stress and Body-Mass Index Modulate Brain Connectivity in Alcohol Use Disorder. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3150110. [PMID: 37502837 PMCID: PMC10371145 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3150110/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) significantly increases susceptibility to alcohol use disorder (AUD) by affecting the interplay between executive and salience networks (SN). The link between AUD and higher body-mass index (BMI) is known, but we lack understanding of how BMI impacts the relationship between ELS and brain connectivity in individuals with AUD. To bridge this gap, we investigated the effects of ELS on brain connectivity in AUD participants, taking into account differences in BMI. The cohort included 401 individuals with AUD, with approximately 60% having a BMI ≥ 25. Within the overall cohort, 123 participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, revealing intriguing anticorrelations between SN seeds and brain regions involved in somatosensory processing, motor coordination, and executive control as an effect of ELS. Examining the relationship between ELS-driven brain connectivity and BMI, we observed negative correlations in connectivity among low BMI (≤ 24.9) vs. high BMI (≥ 25) individuals. For example, the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG) seed exhibited decreased connectivity with emotion regulation and decision-making regions, including the right occipital cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus clusters (all |β| < -0.03, |p| < 0.05). Additionally, the right SMG seed showed reduced connectivity with impulse control and executive function regions, such as the left postcentral/middle frontal gyrus cluster (β = 0.04, p = 0.02). These findings highlight the role of ELS-induced alterations in SN seed connectivity, influenced by BMI, in the neurobiology of AUD. Understanding the neural mechanisms linking obesity, AUD, and ELS can guide targeted interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rui Zhang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
| | - Melanie Schwandt
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism / National Institutes of Health
| | | | | | | | - Reza Momenan
- National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
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18
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Cooper DK, Felt JM, Riobueno-Naylor A, Lai BS, Bámaca MY, Fishbein D. The mediating role of self-regulation on the link between child maltreatment and later substance use among Latinx youth. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 140:106151. [PMID: 36965435 PMCID: PMC10164059 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children who experience maltreatment are at heightened risk for substance use initiation and mental health disorders later in life. Few studies have assessed the relationship between child maltreatment and substance use among Latinx youth. OBJECTIVE The current study assessed the potential mediating effect of three aspects of self-regulation (emotional, behavioral, and cognitive) on the association between child maltreatment and substance use and examined whether effects varied depending on maltreatment type and severity. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING This study involved a random sample of 504 Latinx youth (52 % girls, 48 % boys) between the ages of 10-12 at the start of the study. METHODS Study hypotheses were tested through structural equation modeling and bootstrapped random errors using the R programming language. RESULTS Our results indicated that higher levels of child maltreatment predicted higher levels of later substance use, as mediated by emotional and behavioral dysregulation (β = 0.09, p < 0.01), but not cognitive regulation. When separating maltreatment by subtype, we found the mediating effect was present for abuse (β = 0.09, p < 0.01), but not neglect. CONCLUSIONS Findings contribute to our understanding of potential causal mechanisms for the association between child maltreatment and substance use for Latinx youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Cooper
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, United States of America.
| | - John M Felt
- College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, United States of America
| | - Alexa Riobueno-Naylor
- Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Boston College, United States of America
| | - Betty S Lai
- Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Boston College, United States of America
| | - Mayra Y Bámaca
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California Merced, United States of America
| | - Diana Fishbein
- College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, United States of America; Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina, United States of America
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19
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Battista JT, Piacentino D, Schwandt ML, Lee MR, Faulkner ML, Farokhnia M, Leggio L. Investigating the relationship between early life adversity, inflammation and alcohol use. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13274. [PMID: 37186442 PMCID: PMC10214493 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Early life adversity (ELA) has long-lasting and potentially harmful effects on adult mental and physical health, including a higher likelihood of developing psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety and alcohol use disorder (AUD). It has been suggested that inflammation may play a role in linking ELA to the development of AUD. Here, we evaluated a number of predictive factors of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a key inflammatory marker, and the potential mediating role of hsCRP in the relationship between ELA and alcohol misuse in adulthood. Data was collected from participants who participated in NIAAA screening protocols between January 2013 and December 2019. In this secondary analysis, we first tested, via multiple linear regression, potential predictors of hsCRP levels among adults with AUD (N = 781) and non-AUD (N = 440) individuals. We subsequently conducted mediation analyses to evaluate the potential role of hsCRP in the relationship between early life stress and alcohol use. Regression analysis showed that stress in early life, but not childhood trauma, significantly predicted increased hsCRP levels in adulthood (p < 0.05). Additionally, a greater amount of alcohol drinking, but not a diagnosis of AUD, significantly predicted increased hsCRP levels (p < 0.05). Furthermore, hsCRP mediated the relationship between early life stress and alcohol consumption. Early life stress and heavier alcohol drinking both predicted increased hsCRP levels; however, an AUD diagnosis did not. Elevated inflammation, due to and/or predicted by greater early life stress, may contribute to the development of unhealthy alcohol use in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian T. Battista
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daria Piacentino
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melanie L. Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary R. Lee
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Monica L. Faulkner
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
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20
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Norton EO, Hailemeskel R, Bravo AJ, Pilatti A, Kaimner D, Conway CC, Mezquita L, Hogarth L. Childhood Traumatic Experiences and Negative Alcohol-Related Consequences in Adulthood: A Cross-Cultural Examination of Distress Tolerance and Drinking to Cope. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:804-811. [PMID: 36935590 PMCID: PMC10124750 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2188563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Background: Prior research has established that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) predict harmful alcohol use outcomes. However, underlying mechanisms that could explain these associations are less clear. The present study examined if ACEs are indirectly related to alcohol negative consequences through their associations with distress tolerance and drinking to cope. Method: A sample of 3,763 (71.9% female) college students who drink alcohol from seven countries (U.S., Argentina, Canada, Uruguay, Spain, South Africa, and England) completed online surveys. Path analysis was performed within the whole sample testing the serial unique associations between ACEs→distress tolerance→drinking to cope→negative alcohol-related consequences. Multi-group analysis was performed to determine if the proposed pathways were invariant across gender and countries. Results: Both distress tolerance and drinking to cope uniquely accounted for the relationship between ACEs and negative alcohol-related consequences. Additionally, a significant double-mediation effect was found illustrating that a higher endorsement of ACEs was associated with lower distress tolerance, which in turn was associated with higher drinking to cope, which in turn was associated with more negative alcohol-related consequences. These effects were invariant across countries and gender groups. Conclusions: These findings provide support for the relevance of distress tolerance and coping motives as potential factors in linking ACEs to problematic alcohol use across nations. Our data are consistent with the idea that intervening on distress tolerance and drinking motives could mitigate downstream alcohol-related consequences related to ACEs in college student populations around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angelina Pilatti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi, CONICET. Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Debra Kaimner
- Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Lee Hogarth
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
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21
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Warhaftig G, Almeida D, Turecki G. Early life adversity across different cell- types in the brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 148:105113. [PMID: 36863603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Early life adversity (ELA)- which includes physical, psychological, emotional, and sexual abuse is one of the most common predictors to diverse psychopathologies later in adulthood. As ELA has a lasting impact on the brain at a developmental stage, recent findings from the field highlighted the specific contributions of different cell types to ELA and their association with long lasting consequences. In this review we will gather recent findings describing morphological, transcriptional and epigenetic alterations within neurons, glia and perineuronal nets and their associated cellular subpopulation. The findings reviewed and summarized here highlight important mechanisms underlying ELA and point to therapeutic approaches for ELA and related psychopathologies later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Warhaftig
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Daniel Almeida
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
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Guillen-Burgos H, Moreno-Lopez S, Acevedo-Vergara K, Pérez-Florez M, Pachón-Garcia C, Gálvez-Flórez JF. Risk of childhood trauma exposure and severity of bipolar disorder in Colombia. Int J Bipolar Disord 2023; 11:7. [PMID: 36763206 PMCID: PMC9918651 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-023-00289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is higher in developing countries. Childhood trauma exposure is a common environmental risk factor in Colombia and might be associated with a more severe course of bipolar disorder in Low-Middle Income-Countries. We carried out the first case-control study in Colombia using a structural clinical interview and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) to describe the prevalence and association between trauma exposure during childhood with a severe course of illness (early age onset, rapid cycling, ideation or suicide attempt, or ≥ 3 hospitalization) in a sample of BD patients. RESULTS A total of 114 cases and 191 controls evaluated showed the following results. Cases included 61.4% BD type I and 38.6% BD type II. The median age was 31.5 years (IQR, 75-24) for BD patients and 31 years old (IQR, 38-24) for healthy controls. A higher prevalence of childhood trauma was evidenced in cases compared to controls. Emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect and emotional neglect evidenced a strong association with severe bipolar disorder (OR = 3.42, p < .001; OR = 4.68, p < .001; OR = 4.30, p = .003; OR = 5.10, p < .001; OR = 5.64, p < .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This is the first association study between childhood trauma exposure as a higher risk for a severe course of illness in BD patients in Colombian. Our findings highlight the higher prevalence of childhood trauma in bipolar patients and the strong association of childhood trauma with severe bipolar disorder. These findings are relevant for screening and evaluating childhood trauma exposure during the course of BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Guillen-Burgos
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, La Misericordia Clinica Internacional, Barranquilla, Colombia. .,School of Health Science, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Carrera 54 No 64-222, Barranquilla, Colombia. .,Instituto Cardiovascular del Cesar, Valledupar, Colombia.
| | - Sergio Moreno-Lopez
- grid.7247.60000000419370714School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia ,Otolaryngology and Allergology Research Group, Unidad Médico Quirúrgica de Otorrinolaringología (UNIMEQ‐ORL), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Kaleb Acevedo-Vergara
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, La Misericordia Clinica Internacional, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Manuel Pérez-Florez
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, La Misericordia Clinica Internacional, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Catherine Pachón-Garcia
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, La Misericordia Clinica Internacional, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Juan Francisco Gálvez-Flórez
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, La Misericordia Clinica Internacional, Barranquilla, Colombia ,Zerenia Clinics, Bogotá, Colombia ,Latin American Society of Liaison Psychiatry (SOLAPSIQUE), Bogotá, Colombia
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Peterson H, Laurienti PJ, Rejeski WJ, Fanning J, Gauvin L. Childhood neglect is associated with low affect and high stress in habitual alcohol drinkers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG RESEARCH 2022; 10:3-14. [PMID: 36875154 PMCID: PMC9979972 DOI: 10.7895/ijadr.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adverse childhood experiences, ranging from childhood trauma to neglect or mistreatment, show associations with alcohol dependence in adulthood. Alcohol researchers have not yet clearly demonstrated the potential impact of childhood maltreatment on everyday drinking in alcohol consumers who do not have an alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study examined whether a history of childhood neglect results in differential ratings of stress, affect, and desire to drink, during typical alcohol consumption in moderate to heavy drinkers without an AUD. METHODS The parent study from which these analyses were generated recruited overall healthy, albeit moderate to heavy alcohol users who fell above National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) classifications for low-risk drinking. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) responses were collected, and real-time surveys were collected in participants' natural environments approximately every three hours between 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. using iPhones equipped with a study-created application probing stress, affect, and desire for alcohol, while participants followed their typical drinking routine (3 days) and during a brief period of imposed abstinence (3 days). RESULTS Thirty-six participants averaging 41 years of age and consuming an average of 17 (±5) drinks per week participated in this study. CTQ responses showed low prevalence of childhood abuse, but moderate to high emotional (M = 17.39, SD = 6.77) and physical neglect (M = 11.11, SD = 3.31) scores. Multilevel modeling revealed significantly higher stress and lower affect ratings among participants reporting higher physical neglect. Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with decreased stress, and increased affect and desire for alcohol. A significant interaction showed that as childhood physical neglect ratings increased, the benefits observed following drinking (of decreased stress, and increased affect and desire for alcohol) were reduced. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that moderate to heavy healthy daily drinkers with histories of greater childhood physical neglect experience poorer mood and higher stress on a daily basis, with smaller improvement experienced from drinking alcohol. Among moderate to heavy daily drinkers without an AUD, those with greater childhood physical neglect experience poorer mood and higher stress on a daily basis, and have smaller improvements in stress, affect and desire while/following drinking alcohol than those with less childhood physical neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Peterson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157 USA
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157 USA
| | - Paul J. Laurienti
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157 USA
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157 USA
| | - W. Jack Rejeski
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27106 USA
| | - Jason Fanning
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27106 USA
| | - Lise Gauvin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montréal, H3C 3J5, Canada
- Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, Centre de recherche du CHUM, 850 rue Saint-Denis, S01-118, Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
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The association between child maltreatment and problematic alcohol use in adulthood in a large multi-ethnic cohort: the HELIUS study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2022; 31:e87. [PMID: 36484150 PMCID: PMC9762143 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796022000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS There is evidence that child maltreatment is associated with problematic alcohol use later in life. However, previous epidemiological studies that have examined the link between child maltreatment and adult problematic alcohol use have not considered ethnic differences. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between child maltreatment and adult problematic alcohol use among six ethnic groups in the Netherlands, in a large, urban sample. METHODS This study used baseline data from the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study: a large-scale, multi-ethnic prospective cohort study conducted in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Child maltreatment, current problematic alcohol use and several potential confounders (e.g. parental alcohol use) were assessed in participants (N = 23 356) of Dutch, South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Ghanaian, Turkish and Moroccan origin. With logistic regression analyses, we examined effect modification by ethnicity on the association between child maltreatment and problematic alcohol use. Furthermore, we explored effect modification by ethnicity for specific types of child maltreatment, namely: physical, sexual and psychological abuse and emotional neglect. RESULTS Effect modification by ethnicity was present. Stronger associations between child maltreatment and problematic alcohol use were found in all ethnic minority groups compared to the Dutch reference group. Particularly strong associations between all four types of child maltreatment and alcohol use problems were found for the Moroccan origin group. CONCLUSIONS This study adds to a growing body of evidence that child maltreatment is associated with problematic alcohol use in adulthood. In addition, our findings indicate that ethnicity impacts this relationship. Although problematic alcohol use was more prevalent in the Dutch origin group, associations with child maltreatment were stronger in ethnic minority groups. Future studies on child maltreatment and alcohol use problems should also examine ethnic disparities and should further unravel how these disparities can be explained.
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Assessing Childhood Maltreatment Exposure in Patients Without and With a Diagnosis of Substance Use Disorder. J Addict Med 2022:01271255-990000000-00110. [DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Samek DR, Akua BA. Predictors of persistent alcohol use disorder and co-occurring depressive symptoms: Insights from the longitudinal college experiences study. J Adolesc 2022; 94:844-854. [PMID: 35754377 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Problematic alcohol use and depression are prevalent in the college student population. The purpose of this study was to identify how personality and social-contextual factors in the first year of college work together to predict stable and potentially co-occurring alcohol use disorder (AUD) and depressive symptoms over a period of approximately 4 years. METHODS Participants were first-year college students from the Southeastern United States (N = 209, 90% white, 62% female). Baseline data were collected in the first year of college and follow-up assessments were completed ~1 and ~4 years later (retention rates: 80%+, average ages ~19, 20, and 23 years, respectively). At each assessment, participants completed a comprehensive online survey assessing mental health and substance use, as well as personality, social support, stress, sleep, and other features of peer and romantic partner affiliations. RESULTS Results from our random-intercept cross-lagged panel model indicated AUD and depressive symptoms were more likely to co-occur in the transition out of rather than into college. Significant predictors of stable AUD symptoms across the ~4-year period included greater alcohol quantity, marijuana frequency, affiliation with antisocial/substance-using peers, and frequency of drinking with romantic partner in the first year of college. Significant predictors of stable depressive symptoms included greater constraint, greater negative emotionality, lower positive emotionality, greater stress, and less weekday sleep. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that personality factors, stress, and sleep in the first year of college may be useful targets to screen for in efforts to reduce long-term depressive symptoms in the college context. Disrupting affiliation with antisocial/substance-using peers and romantic partners and reducing the high quantity of alcohol and frequency of marijuana may be more relevant to reducing long-term problematic alcohol use. Implications for incorporating individually-tailored approaches to prevention/intervention are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R Samek
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Bruno Ache Akua
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Hoffmann A, Benzano D, Ornell F, Kessler FH, von Diemen L, Schuch JB. Childhood trauma subtypes may influence the pattern of substance use and preferential substance in men with alcohol and/or crack-cocaine addiction. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2022; 44. [PMID: 35739064 PMCID: PMC9375656 DOI: 10.47626/1516-4446-2021-2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence and subtypes of childhood maltreatment (CM) between individuals with and without substance use disorder (SUD) and investigate the influence of different traumas on the preferential use of substances and the severity of dependence. METHODS The sample consisted of 1,040 men with SUD (alcohol users [n=315], crack-cocaine users [n=406], multiple-substance users [n=319]) and 201 controls. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Addiction Severity Index-6 (ASI-6) were used to assess CM and drug-use patterns. RESULTS Individuals with SUD had a higher prevalence of CM than controls (63.4 vs. 28.1%, respectively). Exposure to physical trauma was associated with alcohol use disorder and severity of alcohol use. In contrast, emotional trauma was associated with use of multiple substances and severity of drug use in crack-cocaine users. CONCLUSIONS This study corroborates the association of CM with SUD susceptibility. Our results suggest that the type of CM may influence preferential substance use and addiction severity. In this sense, physical traumas are more associated with alcohol use, while emotional and sexual traumas favor use of multiple drugs, especially crack cocaine. These findings may help the development of tailored prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Hoffmann
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Benzano
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ornell
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felix H.P. Kessler
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lisia von Diemen
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline B. Schuch
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Noudali SN, Patock-Peckham JA, Berberian SL, Belton DA, Campbell LE, Infurna FJ. Does insomnia mediate the link between childhood trauma and impaired control over drinking, alcohol use, and related problems? Addict Behav Rep 2022; 15:100402. [PMID: 35036516 PMCID: PMC8743204 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperarousal theory states that stressful negative events can result in a physiological response in the body leading to poor sleep quality. Childhood trauma is associated with many negative health consequences persisting into adulthood such as insomnia. Insomnia itself is a driver of poor physical and psychological health including excessive alcohol use. We examined the direct and indirect relationships between trauma (i.e., physical-neglect, physical, emotional, and sexual abuse) as well as emotionally supportive families on insomnia, impaired control over drinking, alcohol use, and alcohol-related problems. METHODS We studied a sample of 941 college students (467 women, 474 men). For our data analysis, we used a structural equation model with model indirect commands and 20,000 iteration bootstrapping with asymmetric confidence intervals in Mplus to obtain our mediated effects. RESULTS Higher levels of emotional abuse were directly associated with more insomnia. Further, higher levels of physical neglect were directly associated with more impaired control over drinking. We found several mediational pathways from this investigation as well. Higher levels of emotional abuse were indirectly linked to both more alcohol use and alcohol-related problems through increased insomnia and impaired control over drinking. CONCLUSIONS Our results were consistent with Hyperarousability Theory. We suggest that insomnia may contribute to dysregulated drinking and that combating emotional abuse could be a promising therapeutic target of intervention among college student social drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean N. Noudali
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA
| | - Julie A. Patock-Peckham
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA
| | - Sophia L. Berberian
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA
| | - Daniel A. Belton
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA
| | - Lyndsay E. Campbell
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA
| | - Frank J. Infurna
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA
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Erlanger ACE, Heyman RE, Slep AMS. Creating and Testing the Reliability of a Family Maltreatment Severity Classification System. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP5649-NP5668. [PMID: 32990144 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520961866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment and intimate partner abuse determinations often include judgments (e.g., severity) that go beyond whether or not the allegations are founded. Severity ratings inform multiple stakeholders (e.g., researchers, policymakers, clinicians, supervisors) and response pathways (e.g., "differential response" to child maltreatment). However, because severity guidelines typically only provide global direction for raters, these gradations are often of questionable reliability (and thus validity). Extending earlier work developing and implementing reliable and valid family maltreatment substantiation criteria (e.g., Heyman & Slep, 2006, 2009), a classification system for maltreatment severity was created, refined, and field-tested with a sample of clinicians from the largest maltreatment protection agency in the United States The goal was to develop operationalized criteria delineating mild, moderate, and severe maltreatment that could be consistently applied across types of maltreatment, raters, and clinics. To facilitate proper use, a computerized clinical decision support tool for the criteria was created. First, the severity classification system was piloted and refined at four sites throughout the United States. Then, clinicians at these sites (N = 28) and a master reviewer independently rated de-identified cases as part of the clinicians' routine assessments. Agreement between clinicians and the master reviewer was excellent for all types of maltreatment. Implications for practical dissemination are discussed.
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Gugula A, Trenk A, Celary A, Cizio K, Tylko G, Blasiak A, Hess G. Early-life stress modifies the reactivity of neurons in the ventral tegmental area and lateral hypothalamus to acute stress in female rats. Neuroscience 2022; 490:49-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hall OT, Phan KL, Gorka S. Childhood Adversity and the Association Between Stress Sensitivity and Problematic Alcohol Use in Adults. J Trauma Stress 2022; 35:148-158. [PMID: 34263960 PMCID: PMC8760364 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Early life adversity (ELA) increases the risk of problematic alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, it is unclear why some but not all ELA-exposed individuals develop problematic alcohol use. Research is needed to determine how this environmental risk factor interacts with underlying neurobehavioral vulnerabilities to problem alcohol use. Hypersensitivity to uncertain threats (U-threat) has been posited as an endophenotype for AUD that might aid in the refinement of mechanistic models of problematic alcohol use. Therefore, U-threat hypersensitivity requires examination as a possible individual difference factor that facilitates problematic alcohol use among ELA-exposed individuals. We examined the unique and interactive effects of ELA and U-threat reactivity on problem drinking and depressive and anxiety symptom severity. Participants (N = 131) completed a well-validated threat-of-shock task, and startle eyeblink potentiation was recorded to index aversive responding. Individuals also completed self-report measures of alcohol use, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Results demonstrated a positive association between ELA and higher levels of problematic alcohol use at high levels of U-threat reactivity, β = .75, t = 3.93, p < .001. Conversely, at low levels of U-threat reactivity, ELA exposure was negatively associated with problematic alcohol use, β = -.49, t = -2.30, p = .023. There was no significant ELA x U-Threat reactivity interaction on anxiety or depression. U-threat response strongly interacts with ELA exposure, affecting the direction of the association between ELA and problem drinking. U-threat reactivity may be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of problematic drinking among ELA-exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Trent Hall
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio USA
| | - K. Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Stephanie Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio USA
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Migraine and Neuroticism: A Scoping Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12020030. [PMID: 35200282 PMCID: PMC8869701 DOI: 10.3390/bs12020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Headache is the first cause of consultation in neurology, and one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in general medicine. Migraine is one of the most common, prevalent, and socioeconomically impactful disabling primary headache disorders. Neuroticism can be conceptualized as a disposition to suffer anxiety and emotional disorders in general. Neuroticism has been associated with various mental and physical disorders (e.g., chronic pain, depression), including migraine. With the aim to explore in depth the relationship between migraine and neuroticism, and contribute to the understanding of this relation in order to provide a better treatment for migraine patients based on a personalized and more comprehensive approach, a scoping review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Databases were searched independently by the two researchers, reaching a final set of 18 articles to be included. The search terms were: migraine and neuroticism. Neuroticism seems to be highly prevalent in migraine patients. Findings reveal that migraine patients with comorbid depression and anxiety showed higher levels of neuroticism. Depression has been associated with an increased risk of transformation from episodic to chronic migraine whereas neuroticism might be a mediator factor. Neuroticism also might be a mediator factor between childhood maltreatment and migraine. The revision conducted confirms that: (1) Migraine patients usually have a higher level of neuroticism and vulnerability to negative affect, compared to non-migraineurs and tension-type headache patients. (2) Neuroticism is associated with migraine. Nonetheless, more research is needed to clarify potential moderators of this relationship and the role of neuroticism itself in this disease. This knowledge might be useful in order to promote a better management of negative emotions as part of intervention programs in migraine.
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Gerhardt S, Eidenmueller K, Hoffmann S, Bekier NK, Bach P, Hermann D, Koopmann A, Sommer WH, Kiefer F, Vollstädt-Klein S. A History of Childhood Maltreatment Has Substance- and Sex-Specific Effects on Craving During Treatment for Substance Use Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:866019. [PMID: 35492729 PMCID: PMC9046680 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.866019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Childhood maltreatment (CM) leads to detrimental mental health outcomes, such as substance use disorders (SUD). This study examined prevalence and severity of all five types of CM with respect to specific substances and sex in treatment-seeking individuals with SUD. The influences of type of CM and symptoms of depressiveness, anxiety, and perceived stress on substance craving at admission as well as craving reduction during SUD treatment were examined. METHODS N = 546 patients in treatment for SUD and N = 109 individuals in opioid maintenance treatment filled out questionnaires regarding CM (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and psychopathologies. Substance craving was assessed throughout treatment using the Mannheim Craving Scale. Group differences in CM, type of substance and sex were examined. General linear models were applied to examine influences on substance craving. RESULTS Higher prevalence and severity of all five subtypes of CM were observed in individuals with SUD compared to the general population. Women were more severely affected by emotional and sexual abuse than men. Patients with cannabis use disorder reported more severe experiences of emotional abuse compared to all other substances. Craving at admission to treatment was influenced by emotional abuse, however, symptoms of depressiveness, anxiety, and perceived stress contributed to craving at admission or craving reduction during treatment. CONCLUSION CM relates to SUD and should be incorporated in prevention and treatment of SUD. Underlying mechanisms of the association might relate to impairments in processing and regulation of stress, emotions, and interpersonal relations following a history of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gerhardt
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Eidenmueller
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoffmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nina K Bekier
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Derik Hermann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Therapieverbund Ludwigsmühle gGmbH, Landau, Germany
| | - Anne Koopmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute for Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Bethania Hospital for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Center of Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Center of Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Alexander SM, Howard AL, Maggs JL. Personality and Alcohol Use across College: Examining Context-Dependent Pathways toward Alcohol Problems. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1450-1461. [PMID: 35762138 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2091146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College life is characterized by marked increases in alcohol consumption. Extraversion and neuroticism are associated with alcohol use problems in college and throughout adulthood, each with alcohol use patterns consistent with an externalizing and internalizing pathway respectively. Students higher in extraversion drink more frequently and consume more alcohol, while neuroticism is paradoxically not consistently associated with elevated alcohol use. OBJECTIVE This study examined whether students higher in neuroticism may drink the day before stressors, namely tests and assignment deadlines. METHOD Multilevel generalized linear models were performed using data from a longitudinal study of first-time, first-year undergraduates assessing alcohol use across four years of college, with daily diary bursts each semester. RESULTS Students higher in extraversion had heavier alcohol use and greater alcohol use problems in their fourth year of college. Neuroticism was not associated with drinking behaviors or with drinking before a test or assignment, but was associated with greater fourth year alcohol problems. Students lower in extraversion who reduced heavy drinking the day before academic events had fewer alcohol use problems at the fourth year of college relative to students higher in extraversion. CONCLUSIONS Students higher in extraversion appear to exhibit a continuity of established alcohol use patterns from adolescence, predisposing them to a more hazardous trajectory of college alcohol use. Characteristics of low extraversion may afford some protection from alcohol-positive college culture. High neuroticism appears associated with a hazardous trajectory of college alcohol use, but continued research into situational factors of alcohol use in high neuroticism is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Alexander
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea L Howard
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Maggs
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
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Reassessing Fitness-to-Drive in Drinker Drivers: The Role of Cognition and Personality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312828. [PMID: 34886553 PMCID: PMC8657624 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Drunken driving is among the main challenges for road safety by causing worldwide motor-vehicle crashes with severe injuries and deaths. The reassessment of fitness-to-drive in drivers stopped for drunken driving includes mainly psychological examinations. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and the consistency of selected variables of different psychological driving-related dimensions (i.e., cognitive skills and personality) in discriminating 90 male drinker drivers (DD) from matched non-drinkers controls. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Mental Rotation Test (MRT), and the Perspective-Taking Test (PT) were administered to assess overall cognitive functioning, and object- and self-based spatial transformation abilities, respectively. Participants completed a computerized test measuring resilience of attention (DT), reaction times (RT), and perceptual speed (ATAVT). The Personality Psychopathology Five scales (i.e., PSY-5: Aggressiveness-AGGR, Psychoticism-PSYC, Disconstraint-DISC, Negative-Emotionality-NEGE, and Introversion-INTR) the validity scale (L) and the dissimulation index (F-K) were scored from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). A logistic binomial regression analysis (backward subtraction method) was used to identify discriminant predictors. A prediction analysis (ROC curve method) was performed on the final model. Results showed that the scores obtained in MRT, DT, and the personality measures of PSYC, DISC, NEGE, and INTR significantly discriminated DD from their matched controls with moderate-to-good values of accuracy (0.79), sensitivity (0.80), and specificity (0.79), as well as a good AUC value (0.89). In some cases, the personality dimensions provided—reliable—unexpected results. Low scores of PSYC, NEGE, and INTR were found to predict the membership to the DD group; results are discussed with reference to response management. Personality measures should be assessed with particular attention in a forensic context because they are more prone to be feigned than cognitive ones. Overall, the present study confirmed the relevance of integrating different driving-related psychological dimensions in the evaluation of fitness-to-drive showing the usefulness of standardized tools for the reassessment of drinker drivers.
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Langlois S, Zern A, Kelley ME, Compton MT. Adversity in childhood/adolescence and premorbid tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use among first-episode psychosis patients. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:1335-1342. [PMID: 33289325 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Premorbid substance use is widely recognized as a crucial factor in early psychosis. We explored the effects of childhood/adolescent adversity on premorbid tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use. We hypothesized that adversity in childhood would be associated with an increased likelihood of use, and amount of intake, of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis. We analysed which domains of adversity have the greatest impact. METHODS First-episode psychosis patients were enrolled from six inpatient psychiatric units in Atlanta, Georgia and Washington, D.C. Premorbid substance use was thoroughly measured, and childhood/adolescent adversity was rated using 14 scales/subscales. Factor analysis was used to reduce these scales/subscales to the three domains of adversity (termed Violence and Environmental Adversity, Interpersonal Abuse, and Neglect and Lack of Connectedness). Regression analyses determined associations between adversity domains and premorbid substance use. RESULTS Our sample (n = 247) primarily consisted of African Americans (86.2%) and males (74.5%). Violence and Environmental Adversity was significantly associated with five of six substance use variables and marginally associated with the sixth. Interpersonal Abuse was unassociated with substance use, and Neglect and Lack of Connectedness was associated only with a lower likelihood cannabis use. When Violence and Environmental Adversity results were stratified by gender, effects on tobacco use and amount of tobacco use were stronger among females. CONCLUSIONS Childhood/adolescent trauma and adversity have meaningful associations with premorbid substance use in first-episode psychosis patients. First-episode psychosis and clinical high-risk treatment settings may benefit from expanding the assessment of childhood/adolescent adversity to include factors pertaining to violence exposure and adversities beyond abuse and neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adria Zern
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary E Kelley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael T Compton
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
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Little HJ. L-Type Calcium Channel Blockers: A Potential Novel Therapeutic Approach to Drug Dependence. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:127-154. [PMID: 34663686 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes interactions between compounds, primarily dihydropyridines, that block L-type calcium channels and drugs that cause dependence, and the potential importance of these interactions. The main dependence-inducing drugs covered are alcohol, psychostimulants, opioids, and nicotine. In preclinical studies, L-type calcium channel blockers prevent or reduce important components of dependence on these drugs, particularly their reinforcing actions and the withdrawal syndromes. The channel blockers also reduce the development of tolerance and/or sensitization, and they have no intrinsic dependence liability. In some instances, their effects include reversal of brain changes established during drug dependence. Prolonged treatment with alcohol, opioids, psychostimulant drugs, or nicotine causes upregulation of dihydropyridine binding sites. Few clinical studies have been carried out so far, and reports are conflicting, although there is some evidence of effectiveness of L-channel blockers in opioid withdrawal. However, the doses of L-type channel blockers used clinically so far have necessarily been limited by potential cardiovascular problems and may not have provided sufficient central levels of the drugs to affect neuronal dihydropyridine binding sites. New L-type calcium channel blocking compounds are being developed with more selective actions on subtypes of L-channel. The preclinical evidence suggests that L-type calcium channels may play a crucial role in the development of dependence to different types of drugs. Mechanisms for this are proposed, including changes in the activity of mesolimbic dopamine neurons, genomic effects, and alterations in synaptic plasticity. Newly developed, more selective L-type calcium channel blockers could be of considerable value in the treatment of drug dependence. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Dependence on drugs is a very serious health problem with little effective treatment. Preclinical evidence shows drugs that block particular calcium channels, the L-type, reduce dependence-related effects of alcohol, opioids, psychostimulants, and nicotine. Clinical studies have been restricted by potential cardiovascular side effects, but new, more selective L-channel blockers are becoming available. L-channel blockers have no intrinsic dependence liability, and laboratory evidence suggests they reverse previously developed effects of dependence-inducing drugs. They could provide a novel approach to addiction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary J Little
- Section of Alcohol Research, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, United Kingdom
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Genetic association of FKBP5 with trait resilience in Korean male patients with alcohol use disorder. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18454. [PMID: 34531492 PMCID: PMC8445975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The FKBP5 gene is known to have an important role in alcohol use disorder (AUD) in response to stress and has been reported to affect stress responses by interacting with childhood trauma. This study investigated the effects of the FKBP5 polymorphism rs1360780 and childhood trauma on trait resilience in male patients with AUD. In addition, allele-specific associations between FKBP5 DNA methylation and resilience were examined. In total, 297 men with AUD were assessed for alcohol use severity, childhood trauma, resilience, and impulsivity. Genotyping for FKBP5 rs1360780 and DNA methylation were analyzed. The effects of the rs1360780 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and clinical variables on resilience were tested using linear regression analysis. Possible associations between FKBP5 DNA methylation and resilience were tested with partial correlation analysis. The rs1360780 risk allele, a low education level, and high impulsivity were associated with diminished resilience, whereas no significant main or interaction effect of childhood trauma with the SNP rs1360780 genotype on resilience was shown. No significant association between FKBP5 DNA methylation and resilience was found. The present study demonstrated the involvement of the rs1360780 risk allele in trait resilience in men with AUD, suggesting that the genetic vulnerability of FKBP5 may influence resilience related to AUD.
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Evans SM, Reed SC. Impulsivity and the effects of alcohol in women with a history of childhood sexual abuse: A pilot study. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2021; 29:395-406. [PMID: 32658534 PMCID: PMC8372544 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Women with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are at greater risk to develop alcohol use disorders. Whereas impulsivity has been postulated as a behavioral mechanism linking childhood trauma and alcohol use, few studies have comprehensively examined impulsivity in women with CSA. We compared women with a history of CSA (n = 21) and control women who did not endorse CSA or other major traumas (CON; n = 21) on self-report measures of impulsivity and risk taking. Additionally, performance on behavioral impulsivity and subjective response to alcohol were examined before and after acute alcohol (0.00, 0.50, 0.75 g/kg) administration. Overall, women with CSA responded more impulsively than CON women on the immediate and delayed-memory tasks (measures of response initiation) and the GoStop task (a measure of response inhibition). Whereas alcohol produced dose-related increases in impulsive responding on the immediate memory task in both groups, alcohol-induced increases in response inhibition on the GoStop task were evident only in the CSA group. In contrast, women with CSA exhibited less risk taking than the CON group on the balloon analogue risk task. Alcohol produced dose-related increases on several subjective response measures (e.g., alcohol liking) in both groups; however, these ratings tended to be greater in women with CSA. These preliminary data suggest that women with CSA may be more impulsive. Importantly, impulsivity can lead to hazardous drinking, and alcohol consumption can further increase impulsivity, putting women with CSA at increased risk for sexual revictimization, particularly in the context of alcohol use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Capusan AJ, Gustafsson PA, Kuja-Halkola R, Igelström K, Mayo LM, Heilig M. Re-examining the link between childhood maltreatment and substance use disorder: a prospective, genetically informative study. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3201-3209. [PMID: 33824431 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is considered a risk factor for substance use disorders (SUD), but this is largely based on retrospective self-reports that are subject to recall bias, designs that do not control for familial confounding, or both. The specific contribution of childhood maltreatment to SUD risk thus remains unclear. Here, we evaluated this contribution in a prospective cohort with objectively recorded childhood maltreatment, using a design that allows controlling for familial confounding. We used medical records and registers to study 525 young adults (20-37 years) with prospectively and objectively documented severe maltreatment exposure, 1979 clinical controls (unexposed former child and adolescent psychiatry patients), 1388 matched healthy controls; and their siblings and cousins. We examined the association between maltreatment and SUD using Cox regression models in the population, as well as stratified within siblings in the same family. SUD risk was significantly increased with childhood maltreatment exposure (crude HR: 6.61, 95% CI: 5.81-7.53; HR adjusted for sex, birthyear, externalizing problems, parents' SUD and socioeconomic factors: 3.50, 95% CI 2.95, 4.16). An approximately threefold elevated SUD risk remained when comparing exposed individuals with their unexposed siblings (adjusted HR: 3.12, 95% CI 2.21, 4.42). We provide estimates of the association between childhood maltreatment and SUD accounting for possible confounds of both recall bias and familial factors. When familial confounding is controlled for, SUD risk attributable to severe childhood maltreatment is decreased, but nevertheless considerable. These findings establish a specific contribution of childhood maltreatment to SUD, underscoring the need for SUD prevention in young people exposed to maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Capusan
- Department of Psychiatry in Linköping and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. .,Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Per A Gustafsson
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Linköping and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Igelström
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Linköping and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Leah M Mayo
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Markus Heilig
- Department of Psychiatry in Linköping and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. .,Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Chen Z, Shen S, Dai Q. Long-term and short-term psycho-social predictors of early-adulthood depression: role of childhood trauma, neuroticism, social-support, resilience, and life-events. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Shin SH. Preventing E-cigarette use among high-risk adolescents: A trauma-informed prevention approach. Addict Behav 2021; 115:106795. [PMID: 33387976 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to childhood trauma increases the risk of tobacco use during adolescence. Recent studies have also reported potentially increased vulnerabilities to electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among youth with a history of childhood trauma. While empirical evidence supporting the relationship between childhood trauma and adolescent e-cigarette use is emerging, few effective preventive interventions are available to curb e-cigarette use among adolescent victims of childhood trauma. This article reviews current evidence with respect to how childhood trauma could increase risk for nicotine dependence and e-cigarette use in adolescent populations. Furthermore, this paper describes the development, design, and implementation of Rise Above (RA), a randomized, controlled trial of a trauma-informed, e-cigarette preventive intervention. Lessons learned are also discussed, including the challenges of implementing evidence-informed prevention work within communities vulnerable to traumatic events.
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Tapocik JD, Schank JR, Mitchell JR, Damazdic R, Mayo CL, Brady D, Pincus AB, King CE, Heilig M, Elmer GI. Live predator stress in adolescence results in distinct adult behavioral consequences and dorsal diencephalic brain activation patterns. Behav Brain Res 2021; 400:113028. [PMID: 33309751 PMCID: PMC8056471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to traumatic events during childhood increases the risk of adult psychopathology, including anxiety, depression, alcohol use disorders and their co-morbidity. Early life trauma also results in increased symptom complexity, treatment resistance and poor treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to establish a novel rodent model of adolescent stress, based on an ethologically relevant life-threatening event, live predator exposure. Rats were exposed to a live predator for 10 min. at three different time points (postnatal day (PND)31, 46 and 61). Adult depression-, anxiety-like behaviors and ethanol consumption were characterized well past the last acute stress event (two weeks). Behavioral profiles across assessments were developed to characterize individual response to adolescent stress. CNS activation patterns in separate groups of subjects were characterized after the early (PND31) and last predator exposure (PND61). Subjects exposed to live-predator adolescent stress generally exhibited less exploratory behavior, less propensity to venture into open spaces, a decreased preference for sweet solutions and decreased ethanol consumption in a two-bottle preference test. Additional studies demonstrated blunted cortisol response and CNS activation patterns suggestive of habenula, rostromedial tegmental (RMTg), dorsal raphe and central amygdala involvement in mediating the adult consequences of adolescent stress. Thus, adolescent stress in the form of live-predator exposure results in significant adult behavioral and neurobiological disturbances. Childhood trauma, its impact on neurodevelopment and the subsequent development of mood disorders is a pervasive theme in mental illness. Improving animal models and our neurobiological understanding of the symptom domains impacted by trauma could significantly improve treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Tapocik
- Lab. of Clinical and Translational Studies, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20817, United States
| | - J R Schank
- Lab. of Clinical and Translational Studies, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20817, United States
| | - J R Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, Colby College, Waterville, ME, 04901, United States
| | - R Damazdic
- Lab. of Clinical and Translational Studies, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20817, United States
| | - C L Mayo
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, United States
| | - D Brady
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, United States
| | - A B Pincus
- Lab. of Clinical and Translational Studies, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20817, United States
| | - C E King
- Lab. of Clinical and Translational Studies, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20817, United States
| | - M Heilig
- Lab. of Clinical and Translational Studies, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20817, United States
| | - G I Elmer
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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DeMartini KS, Gueorguieva R, Pearlson G, Krishnan-Sarin S, Anticevic A, Ji LJ, Krystal JH, O'Malley SS. Mapping data-driven individualized neurobehavioral phenotypes in heavy alcohol drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:841-853. [PMID: 33605439 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have examined the factor structure and associated correlates of three neurofunctional domains, executive function, incentive salience, and negative emotionality in the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorders in clinical samples. The current study sought to replicate and extend prior work by testing this 3-factor model, utilizing both exact and similar phenotypic measures, as well as novel measures, in a non-treatment-seeking sample. METHODS Self-report measures of alcohol addiction, impulsivity, behavior, and exposure to early-life stress were collected as part of baseline assessments for alcohol imaging and pharmacotherapy studies in 335 individuals. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine model structure and fit. A multiple indicators, multiple causes (MIMIC) model identified predictors of latent factors identified by CFA. RESULTS Results supported an intercorrelated model with three factors: executive function, incentive salience, and emotionality. All factors were associated with current AUD, and incentive salience was uniquely associated with past 30-day drinking frequency. MIMIC results identified multiple significant predictors of these latent factors, including history of alcohol use disorder, positive family history of alcohol dependence, earlier age of first drink, and a history of childhood emotional abuse and physical neglect. CONCLUSIONS Our results support an intercorrelated 3-factor model of neurofunctional domains in alcohol use models, consistent with published findings. Because childhood physical neglect was a significant predictor of all latent factors, these results also highlight the significant negative impact of childhood neglect on later addiction development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA.,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | | | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lisa J Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
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González-Acosta CA, Rojas-Cerón CA, Buriticá E. Functional Alterations and Cerebral Variations in Humans Exposed to Early Life Stress. Front Public Health 2021; 8:536188. [PMID: 33553081 PMCID: PMC7856302 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.536188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stress can be caused by acute or chronic exposure to childhood events, such as emotional, physical, sexual abuse, and neglect. Early stress is associated with subsequent alterations in physical and mental health, which can extend into adolescence, adulthood, and even old age. The effects of early stress exposure include alterations in cognitive, neuropsychological, and behavioral functions, and can even lead to the development of psychiatric disorders and changes in brain anatomy. The present manuscript provides a review of the main findings on these effects reported in the scientific literature in recent decades. Early life stress is associated with the presence of psychiatric disorders, mainly mood disorders such as depression and risk of suicide, as well as with the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder. At the neuropsychological level, the involvement of different mental processes such as executive functions, abstract reasoning, certain memory modalities, and poor school-skill performance has been reported. In addition, we identified reports of alterations of different subdomains of each of these processes. Regarding neuroanatomical effects, the involvement of cortical regions, subcortical nuclei, and the subcortical white matter has been documented. Among the telencephalic regions most affected and studied are the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the anterior cingulate cortex. Understanding the impact of early life stress on postnatal brain development is very important for the orientation of therapeutic intervention programs and could help in the formulation and implementation of preventive measures as well as in the reorientation of research targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian A Rojas-Cerón
- Centro de Estudios Cerebrales, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.,Departamento de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.,Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario del Valle Evaristo García, Cali, Colombia
| | - Efraín Buriticá
- Centro de Estudios Cerebrales, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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Patock-Peckham JA, Belton DA, D'Ardenne K, Tein JY, Bauman DC, Infurna FJ, Sanabria F, Curtis J, Morgan-Lopez AA, McClure SM. Dimensions of childhood trauma and their direct and indirect links to PTSD, impaired control over drinking, and alcohol-related-problems. Addict Behav Rep 2020; 12:100304. [PMID: 33364313 PMCID: PMC7752722 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) develops after experiencing events that evoke fear, helplessness, or horror. The Hyperarousablity Hypothesis suggests that those with PTSD may drink more to dampen physiological reactivity. We examined the direct and indirect relationships between childhood trauma (e.g., physical-neglect, emotional-abuse, physical-abuse, sexual-abuse) versus an emotionally-supportive-family on PTSD, impaired control over drinking (IC), alcohol-use, and alcohol-related-problems. IC reflects consuming more alcohol than one originally intended. METHODS We fit a multiple-group SEM to data on 835 participants. Mediational analyses were conducted by using the (K = 20,000) bootstrap technique with confidence intervals. RESULTS Physical-neglect was directly linked to more IC among both genders. Emotional abuse was also found to be directly linked to more PTSD among both genders. Furthermore, PTSD was directly linked to more impaired control over alcohol use (IC) among both genders. Mediational analyses showed that physical-neglect was indirectly linked to more alcohol-related-problems through increased IC. Having an emotionally supportive family was directly linked to fewer PTSD symptoms among women. For both genders, emotional abuse was indirectly linked to more alcohol-related-problems through more PTSD symptoms, impaired control over alcohol use difficulties, and in turn, more alcohol-use. Sexual abuse was indirectly linked to increased alcohol-related- problems through increased PTSD symptoms and more IC, and in turn, more alcohol-use among men. CONCLUSIONS Recalled childhood trauma (sexual and emotional abuse) may contribute to PTSD symptoms and dysregulated drinking. In conclusion, our data suggest that reducing PTSD symptoms may assist individuals in regaining control over their drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel A. Belton
- Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | | | - Jenn-Yun Tein
- Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Dylan C. Bauman
- Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Frank J. Infurna
- Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Federico Sanabria
- Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - John Curtis
- Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | | | - Samuel M. McClure
- Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
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Craig SL, Austin A, Levenson J, Leung VWY, Eaton AD, D'Souza SA. Frequencies and patterns of adverse childhood events in LGBTQ+ youth. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 107:104623. [PMID: 32682145 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma, specifically adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), predicts significant health and mental health disparities, yet there is a paucity of research with LGBTQ + youth. OBJECTIVE This study explored ACE prevalence in a large sample of LGBTQ+ youth; examined ACE patterns within and across subgroups; and compared results with the general population. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participant (n = 3,508) ages ranged between 14-18 (x̄ = 16.02) and represented a range of sexual orientations: pansexual (33.9 %), bisexual (26.6 %), and queer (16.2 %), and gender identities: female (39.9 %), non-conforming (38 %), male (14.9 %), and transgender (16.6 %). METHODS An online cross-sectional survey was conducted with LGBTQ+ youth ages 14-18 that self-identified as LGBTQ+ and resided in the US or Canada. Descriptive statistics generated the prevalence of ACEs, and ANOVAs and post-hoc tests were run for comparisons. RESULTS Participants reported multiple ACEs (M = 3.14, SD = 2.44) with emotional neglect (58 %), emotional abuse (56 %), and living with a family member with mental illness (51 %) as the most prevalent. Notably, 43 % of participants experienced 4+ ACEs, considered to be a high level of trauma exposure. Compared to national samples, LGBTQ + youth demonstrated unique patterns of ACEs and were higher in 9 of 10 categories. Significantly high (all p < .001) ACEs were found in pansexual (t = 7.67), transgender and gender non-conforming (t = 5.19), American-Indian (t = 6.42), Latinx (t = 2.83) and rural youth (F = 12.12) while those with highly educated parents (F = 83.30, p < .001), lived with a parent (t = 6.02), and in Canada (t = 6.14) reported fewer ACEs. CONCLUSION LGBTQ+ youth experience significant childhood trauma with potential impact on their mental health. This study identifies implications for trauma-informed practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley L Craig
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St. W., Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada.
| | - Ashley Austin
- Ellen Whiteside McDonnell Faculty of Social Work, Barry University, 11300 NE 2nd Ave., Miami Shores, FL, 33161-6695, USA.
| | - Jill Levenson
- Ellen Whiteside McDonnell Faculty of Social Work, Barry University, 11300 NE 2nd Ave., Miami Shores, FL, 33161-6695, USA.
| | - Vivian W Y Leung
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St. W., Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada.
| | - Andrew D Eaton
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St. W., Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada.
| | - Sandra A D'Souza
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St. W., Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada.
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48
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Liu F, Zhang Z, Chen L. Mediating effect of neuroticism and negative coping style in relation to childhood psychological maltreatment and smartphone addiction among college students in China. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 106:104531. [PMID: 32447143 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphones are convenient for college students. However, overuse of smartphone or smartphone addiction, can lead to problems related to healthy development. The cause of smartphone addiction can be traced to adverse childhood experiences such as childhood psychological maltreatment. Therefore, exploring the cause and mechanism underlying smartphone addiction in college students with a history of childhood psychological maltreatment is crucial. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating effect of neuroticism and coping style in relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and smartphone addiction among college students. METHODS The participants included 1169 (43.8 % female and 56.2 % male) college students ranging in age from 17 to 23 years (M = 19.89, SD = 1.25). All participants completed a self-report questionnaire measuring childhood psychological maltreatment, neuroticism, coping style, and smartphone addiction symptoms. A multiple mediation model was used to test the hypotheses. RESULTS Findings from mediation analysis showed that both in parallelly and sequentially, neuroticism and negative coping style mediated the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and smartphone addiction. CONCLUSIONS The present study can provide an understanding of how childhood psychological maltreatment influences college students' smartphone addiction. This study also provides implications on how to reduce the effects of childhood psychological maltreatment on smartphone addiction in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department and Institute of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhonghao Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Marxism, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, Liaoning Province, China.
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49
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Zhornitsky S, Le TM, Dhingra I, Adkinson BD, Potvin S, Li CR. Interpersonal Risk Factors for Suicide in Cocaine Dependence: Association with Self-Esteem, Personality Traits, and Childhood Abuse. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:867-883. [PMID: 32030810 PMCID: PMC7518050 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have linked cocaine dependence to suicidality. According to the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, suicidal behavior becomes likely with the simultaneous presence of perceived burdensomeness (PB), lack of (or thwarted) belongingness (TB), and acquired fearlessness about death (FAD). Here, we examined personality and other variables, including depression, self-esteem, childhood abuse, and substance use, as predictors of these risk factors in cocaine-dependent individuals (CDs). METHODS Seventy CDs and 70 healthy controls (HCs) participated. We examined group differences in a group-by-sex analysis of variance and identified predictors of PB, TB, and FAD in stepwise regressions. RESULTS CDs exhibited elevated PB and TB but not FAD, compared to HCs. CDs also exhibited elevated harm avoidance, novelty seeking, depression, and lower self-esteem and reward dependence. Females reported elevated sexual abuse, harm avoidance, reward dependence, depression, but lower FAD, relative to males, among CDs and HCs. Among CDs, PB was predicted by lower self-esteem and greater emotional abuse; TB was predicted by lower self-esteem and reward dependence, as well as greater emotional and sexual abuse; and FAD was predicted by lower harm avoidance and greater physical abuse. CONCLUSIONS Interventions targeting suicidality in cocaine dependence should take into consideration self-esteem, personality traits, and childhood abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut
| | - Thang M. Le
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut
| | - Isha Dhingra
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut
| | - Brendan D. Adkinson
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut
| | - Stephane Potvin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal Montreal QC Canada
- Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal Montréal QC Canada
| | - Chiang‐shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut
- Department of Neuroscience Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut
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50
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Jung J, Rosoff DB, Muench C, Luo A, Longley M, Lee J, Charlet K, Lohoff FW. Adverse Childhood Experiences are Associated with High-Intensity Binge Drinking Behavior in Adulthood and Mediated by Psychiatric Disorders. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 55:204-214. [PMID: 31895420 PMCID: PMC7082493 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM High-intensity binge drinking (HIBD), defined as two or more times the gender-specific binge threshold, is rapidly increasing in the USA; however, the underlying contributing factors are poorly understood. This study investigated the relationship of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and HIBD. METHODS Two independent, cross-sectional samples were analysed: (a) past 12-month drinkers in the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III; n = 25,552) and (b) the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) clinical sample (n = 1303). Multinomial logistic regressions were utilized to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of ACEs on HIBD. Mediation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the past 12-month psychiatric disorders, ACEs, and HIBD. RESULTS In the NESARC-III sample, prevalence of ACEs increased across all binge levels with the highest prevalence in extreme HIBD; ACEs were associated with higher odds for HIBD (level II, odds ratio (OR) = 1.2-1.4; P = 0.03-0.001; level III, OR = 1.3-1.9; P < 0.001). Prevalence of DSM-5 diagnoses also increased across all binge levels. Substance use disorders (SUD), mood, personality and post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) conferred the highest odds with extreme HIBD (SUD: OR = 21.32; mood: 1.73; personality: 2.84; PTSD: 1.97; all Ps < 0.001). Mediation analyses showed that the association between ACEs and HIBD was fully mediated through SUD (proportion mediated: 70-90%) and partially through other psychiatric disorders (20-80%). In the NIAAA sample, ACEs were 2-5 times more prevalent in extreme HIBD with higher odds (ORs = 3-8, P < 0.001) compared with non-bingers. CONCLUSION ACEs were associated with significantly increased odds of HIBD and the relationship may be mediated by psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeesun Jung
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/2-2352), Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
| | - Daniel B Rosoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/2-2352), Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
| | - Christine Muench
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/2-2352), Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
| | - Audrey Luo
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/2-2352), Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
| | - Martha Longley
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/2-2352), Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
| | - Jisoo Lee
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/2-2352), Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
| | - Katrin Charlet
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/2-2352), Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/2-2352), Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
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