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Davis CN, Gizer IR, Agrawal A, Statham DJ, Heath AC, Martin NG, Slutske WS. Genetic and shared environmental factors explain the association between adolescent polysubstance use and high school noncompletion. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2024; 38:114-123. [PMID: 36913302 PMCID: PMC10497723 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the nature of the relationship between adolescent polysubstance use and high school noncompletion. METHOD Among a sample of 9,579 adult Australian twins (58.63% female, Mage = 30.59), we examined the association between the number of substances used in adolescence and high school noncompletion within a discordant twin design and bivariate twin analysis. RESULTS In individual-level models controlling for parental education, conduct disorder symptoms, childhood major depression, sex, zygosity, and cohort, each additional substance used in adolescence was associated with a 30% increase in the odds of high school noncompletion (OR = 1.30 [1.18, 1.42]). Discordant twin models found that the potentially causal effect of adolescent use on high school noncompletion was nonsignificant (OR = 1.19 [0.96, 1.47]). Follow-up bivariate twin models suggested genetic (35.4%, 95% CI [24.5%, 48.7%]) and shared environmental influences (27.8%, 95% CI [12.7%, 35.1%]) each contributed to the covariation in adolescent polysubstance use and early school dropout. CONCLUSIONS The association between polysubstance use and early school dropout was largely accounted for by genetic and shared environmental factors, with nonsignificant evidence for a potentially causal association. Future research should examine whether underlying shared risk factors reflect a general propensity for addiction, a broader externalizing liability, or a combination of the two. More evidence using finer measurement of substance use is needed to rule out a causal association between adolescent polysubstance use and high school noncompletion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christal N. Davis
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ian R. Gizer
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | | | - Andrew C. Heath
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Wendy S. Slutske
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention and Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
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Heradstveit O, Hysing M, Bøe T, Nilsen SA, Sivertsen B, Bretteville-Jensen AL, Askeland KG. Prospective associations between adolescent risky substance use and school dropout and the role of externalising and internalising problems. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2024; 41:24-38. [PMID: 38356785 PMCID: PMC10863553 DOI: 10.1177/14550725231188568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to assess to what extent risky substance use (RSU) acts as an important risk factor for school dropout from upper secondary school in a prospective study of Norwegian adolescents, and how externalising and internalising mental health problems influenced this association. Methods: We used data from a large population-based survey (the youth@hordaland-survey), which included adolescents aged 16-19 years. The predictor variables were self-reported RSU. The survey was linked with prospective data from the Norwegian Education Database, following the adolescents to 21-23 years of age. The outcome variable was registry-based school dropout within five years after starting upper secondary school. The analyses were adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic status, and externalising and internalising problems. Results: After adjustment for sociodemographic variables, all indicators of RSU were prospectively associated with school dropout (adjusted odds ratios 1.26-2.25; all p values <.01). While internalising problems only slightly changed these estimates, the associations were substantially attenuated by externalising problems. Still, all measures of RSU, except frequent alcohol intoxication, remained positively associated with school dropout in the fully adjusted models. For the youngest students, all associations between RSU and school dropout were significant. Conclusions: Adolescent RSU is a strong predictor for school dropout, and externalising problems explained a considerable proportion of this effect. Prevention efforts to reduce student substance could improve academic outcomes among upper secondary school students, and such efforts may benefit from also targeting co-occurring externalising problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ove Heradstveit
- Center for Alcohol & Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway; Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tormod Bøe
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway; Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sondre Aasen Nilsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway; Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Research and Innovation, Helse-Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
| | | | - Kristin Gärtner Askeland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
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Mapingure M, Chingombe I, Dzinamarira T, Samba C, Moyo B, Mugurungi O, Musuka G. Diminished health and social outcomes among men who have sex with men who use drugs in Zimbabwe. South Afr J HIV Med 2023; 24:1513. [PMID: 37795428 PMCID: PMC10546898 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v24i1.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
No abstract available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munyaradzi Mapingure
- Department of Strategic Information, ICAP at Columbia University, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Innocent Chingombe
- Department of Strategic Information, ICAP at Columbia University, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Tafadzwa Dzinamarira
- Department of Strategic Information, ICAP at Columbia University, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Brian Moyo
- AIDS and TB Programmes, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Owen Mugurungi
- AIDS and TB Programmes, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Godfrey Musuka
- International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, Harare, Zimbabwe
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4
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Kawaguchi D, Lee J, Lin MJ, Yokoyama I. Is Asian flushing syndrome a disadvantage in the labor market? HEALTH ECONOMICS 2023. [PMID: 37088538 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A large fraction of people in East Asia are incapable of digesting alcohol because of a genetic deficiency. This study examines whether the variation in alcohol tolerance contributes to inequality in the labor market. We conduct our original surveys in Japan, Taiwan, and Korea with the measurement of respondents' degree of alcohol tolerance by a bio-marker test. We find that alcohol-tolerant men consume significantly more alcohol, but their earnings and hours worked do not differ from those of alcohol-intolerant men. Despite a prevalent view that drinking alcohol is indispensable to establish good relationships with colleagues and business partners, our results suggest that there is no systematic impact of alcohol tolerance on labor market outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jungmin Lee
- Department of Economics, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ming-Jen Lin
- Department of Economics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Davis CN, Gizer IR, Lynskey MT, Statham DJ, Heath AC, Martin NG, Slutske WS. Adolescent substance use and high school noncompletion: exploring the nature of the relationship using a discordant twin design. Addiction 2023; 118:167-176. [PMID: 35815374 PMCID: PMC9722510 DOI: 10.1111/add.15996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous studies have demonstrated associations between substance use and reduced educational attainment; however, many were unable to account for potential confounding factors like genetics and the rearing environment. In the few studies that controlled for these factors, the substances assessed were limited to alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco. To address these limitations, we examined the relationship between adolescent use of seven kinds of substances, the number of additional substances used, and high school noncompletion within a large sample of Australian twins. DESIGN A series of two-level generalized mixed effects logistic regressions were conducted to examine associations between adolescent substance use and high school noncompletion. SETTING Australia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 9579 adult Australian twins from two cohorts of the Australian Twin Registry. MEASUREMENTS Assessments of high school completion, childhood major depression, conduct disorder symptoms, substance use initiation, demographics, and parental educational attainment using the Australian version of the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism. FINDINGS There were unique within-twin-pair effects of use of sedatives (odds ratio [OR] = 22.39 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18-423.48]) and inhalants/solvents (OR = 10.46 [95% CI = 1.30-84.16]) on high school noncompletion. The number of substances used in adolescence was strongly associated with high school noncompletion across all discordant twin models (ORs from 1.50-2.32, Ps < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS In Australia, adolescent substance use appears to be associated with early school dropout, with the effects of any given substance largely because of the confounding factors of parental education, childhood conduct disorder symptoms, and use of other substances. Sedatives and inhalants/solvents have effects on high school noncompletion that cannot be explained by polysubstance use or familial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christal N. Davis
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ian R. Gizer
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Michael T. Lynskey
- King’s College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, London, SE5 8BB, UK
| | | | - Andrew C. Heath
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Wendy S. Slutske
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention and Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
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Educational Attainment Polygenic Scores: Examining Evidence for Gene-Environment Interplay with Adolescent Alcohol, Tobacco and Cannabis Use. Twin Res Hum Genet 2022; 25:187-195. [PMID: 36189823 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2022.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Genes associated with educational attainment may be related to or interact with adolescent alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use. Potential gene-environment interplay between educational attainment polygenic scores (EA-PGS) and adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use was evaluated with a series of regression models fitted to data from a sample of 1871 adult Australian twins. All models controlled for age, age2, cohort, sex and genetic ancestry as fixed effects, and a genetic relatedness matrix was included as a random effect. Although there was no evidence that adolescent alcohol, tobacco or cannabis use interacted with EA-PGS to influence educational attainment, there was a significant, positive gene-environment correlation with adolescent alcohol use at all PGS thresholds (ps <.02). Higher EA-PGS were associated with an increased likelihood of using alcohol as an adolescent (ΔR2 ranged from 0.5% to 1.1%). The positive gene-environment correlation suggests a complex relationship between educational attainment and alcohol use that is due to common genetic factors.
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Pascale A, Stephenson M, Barr P, Latvala A, Aaltonen S, Piirtola M, Viken R, Rose RJ, Kaprio J, Maes H, Dick DM, Salvatore JE. Exploring the relationships between adolescent alcohol misuse and later life health outcomes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1753-1765. [PMID: 36115067 PMCID: PMC9509441 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to clarify the impact of adolescent alcohol misuse on adult physical health and subjective well-being. To do so, we investigated both the direct associations between adolescent alcohol misuse and early midlife physical health and life satisfaction and the indirect effects on these outcomes attributable to subsequent alcohol problems. METHOD The sample included 2733 twin pairs (32% monozygotic; 52% female) from the FinnTwin16 study. Adolescent alcohol misuse was a composite of frequency of drunkenness, frequency of alcohol use, and alcohol problems at ages 16, 17, and 18.5. The early midlife outcomes included somatic symptoms, self-rated health, and life satisfaction at age 34. The mediators examined as part of the indirect effect analyses included alcohol problems from the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index at ages 24 and 34. Serial mediation and co-twin comparison models were applied and included covariates from adolescence and early midlife. RESULTS There were weak direct associations between adolescent alcohol misuse and early midlife physical health and life satisfaction. However, there was stronger evidence for indirect effects, whereby young adult and early midlife alcohol problems serially mediated the relationship between adolescent alcohol misuse and early midlife somatic symptoms (β = 0.03, 95% CI [0.03, 0.04]), self-rated health (β = -0.02, 95% CI [-0.03, -0.01]), and life satisfaction (β = -0.03, CI [-0.04, -0.02]). These serial mediation effects were robust in co-twin comparison analyses. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that alcohol problems are a primary driver linking adolescent alcohol misuse and poor health outcomes across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pascale
- Department of PsychologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Mallory Stephenson
- Department of PsychologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral GeneticsRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Peter Barr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesSUNY Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Antti Latvala
- Institute of Criminology and Legal PolicyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Sari Aaltonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Maarit Piirtola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion ResearchTampereFinland
| | - Richard Viken
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | - Richard J. Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Hermine Maes
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral GeneticsRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of PsychologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Department of Human and Molecular GeneticsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of PsychiatryRutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of MedicinePiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
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Frequent Alcohol Intoxication and High Alcohol Tolerance During Adolescence as Predictors of Mortality: A Birth Cohort Study. J Adolesc Health 2020; 67:692-699. [PMID: 32873498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long-term prospective studies evaluating the health burden that is consequent to adolescent drinking are needed. The aim of this study was to examine the predictive associations between self-reported alcohol tolerance and frequent intoxication at age 15-16 years and the risk of death by age 33 years. METHODS A sample (n = 6,615; 49.3% males) of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort Study 1986 was studied. Self-reported alcohol tolerance (drinks needed to feel intoxicated) and frequency of alcohol intoxication at age 15-16 years were analyzed along with background variables and data regarding subsequent psychiatric diagnoses. Categories were formed for both predictive variables from self-reported tolerance and frequency of intoxication in mid-adolescence. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for death by age 30 years. RESULTS By the age of 33 years, of all 6,615 participants, 53 (.8%) were deceased. The HR for death by age 33 years was 3.08 (95% CI 1.17-8.07) among adolescents with high alcohol tolerance compared with adolescents without alcohol use or intoxication. The frequency of alcohol intoxication was also associated with mortality; HR 2.05 (95% CI 1.01-4.16) for those who had been intoxicated one to two times and HR 3.02 (95% CI 1.21-7.54) for those who had been intoxicated three or more times in the past 30 days compared with adolescents without intoxication. CONCLUSIONS High self-reported alcohol tolerance and frequent alcohol intoxication during mid-adolescence significantly predicted death by age 33 years. These behaviors carry long-term repercussions with respect to premature loss of life. Substantial efforts should be made to diminish this mortality risk.
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Sarala M, Miettunen J, Koskela J, Mustonen A, Rose RJ, Hurtig T, Veijola J, Niemelä S. Frequent intoxication and alcohol tolerance in adolescence: associations with psychiatric disorders in young adulthood. Addiction 2020; 115:888-900. [PMID: 31756009 DOI: 10.1111/add.14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the associations of intoxication frequency and number of drinks needed to become intoxicated in mid-adolescence with onset of psychiatric disorders in early adulthood. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective cohort study in Northern Finland, with people from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 who self-reported adolescent alcohol use: 6548 subjects (69.4% of the original sample). Data on alcohol use were collected using questionnaires at ages 15-16 years. MEASUREMENTS Outcomes were any non-organic psychosis, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, any substance use disorder (SUD) and all the studied psychiatric disorders in early adulthood gathered from nation-wide health care, pension and insurance registers. Number of drinks needed to become intoxicated was categorized into three classes: (1) no alcohol use or intoxication, and (2) low and (3) high alcohol tolerance (more than seven/nine drinks for females/males) groups. Similarly, intoxication frequency was divided into three classes: (1) never, (2) one to two times and (3) three or more times during the past 30 days. Information regarding gender, family type, other drug use, psychopathology using Youth Self-Report (YSR) total score and parental psychiatric disorders were used as covariates. FINDINGS In the multivariable analyses, both low [odds ratio (OR) = 3.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3-6.7, P-value = 0.009] and high (OR = 4.4, 95% CI = 1.8-11.1, P-value = 0.001) alcohol tolerance were associated with increased risk of SUD. More frequent intoxication was associated with increased frequency of SUD (OR = 3.9, 95% CI = 2.0-7.3, P-value < 0.001) and mood disorder (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.3, P-value = 0.008). The latter was attenuated after adjusting with concurrent psychopathology (YSR) and other drug use. CONCLUSIONS Both higher alcohol tolerance and frequent intoxication in adolescence appear to be associated with increased risk of future substance use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Sarala
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Koskela
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Mustonen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Tuula Hurtig
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Veijola
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Solja Niemelä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Addiction Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital District of Southwest Finland, Turku, Finland
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Roba HS, Beyene AS, Irenso AA, Gebremichael B. Prevalence of lifetime substances use among students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2019; 8:326. [PMID: 31837700 PMCID: PMC6911280 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of substances is a growing concern in Ethiopia, and their impacts on younger generation have been a concern of different professionals. Even though students are at high-risk of substance abuse, there is lack of comprehensive evidence for policy decision on substance use among students. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of common substances among students in Ethiopia. METHOD A comprehensive literature searches were done from biomedical databases: PubMed/Medline, African Journal Online, HINARI, Science Direct, and Google Scholar for article published until Dcember 31, 2017, and Addis Ababa Uiversity's electronic library search of unpublished thesis and dissertations. Two authors autonomously selected studies, extracted data, and evaluated quality of studies. The prevalence of lifetime substances use was estimated using the random effects model. Q and I2 statistics were computed to measure the extents of heterogeneity. RESULTS A total 676 study articles were identified from electronic databases, and 28 of them were included in meta-analysis. The analysis revealed that the lifetime prevalence of any substance use was 52.5% (95% CI 42.4-62.4%), khat 24.7% (95% CI 21.8-27.7%), alcohol 46.2% (95% CI 40.3-52.2%), and smoking cigarette 14.7% (95% CI 11.3-18.5%). Significant heterogeneity was observed but there was no significant publication bias. The lifetime prevalence of khat, alcohol, and cigarette smoking among high school vs university students was 22.5% (95% CI 15.2-30.7%) vs 25.1% (95% CI 21.9-28.5%), 41.4% (95% CI 22.1-62.1%) vs 47.8% (95% CI 39.9-55.7%), and 21.5% (95% CI 12.6-32.1%) vs 12.9% (95% CI 10.1-16.0%), respectively. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis highlighted the extent of lifetime prevalence of any substance, khat, alcohol, and cigarettes smoking among students in Ethiopia. Significant percent of high school students have exposed to substances. Policy makers should devise and implement strictly binding regulation to curb widespread of substances around educational institution premises at national level. Priority should be given to intervention strategies that help delay first use of substance to prevent problems later in life. Besides, the problem warrants regular national-level educational institutions based studies focusing on the magnitude, trajectory, and consequences of substance use among students. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42018082635.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirbo Shore Roba
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Shunu Beyene
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Research Center for Generational Health and Ageing, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Asnake Ararsa Irenso
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Deakin University, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Burwood, Australia
| | - Berhe Gebremichael
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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11
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FinnTwin16: A Longitudinal Study from Age 16 of a Population-Based Finnish Twin Cohort. Twin Res Hum Genet 2019; 22:530-539. [PMID: 31796134 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2019.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed and updated description of the FinnTwin16 (FT16) study and its future directions. The Finnish Twin Cohort comprises three different cohorts: the Older Twin Cohort established in the 1970s and the FinnTwin12 and FT16 initiated in the 1990s. FT16 was initiated in 1991 to identify the genetic and environmental precursors of alcoholism, but later the scope of the project expanded to studying the determinants of various health-related behaviors and diseases in different stages of life. The main areas addressed are alcohol use and its consequences, smoking, physical activity, overall physical health, eating behaviors and eating disorders, weight development, obesity, life satisfaction and personality. To date, five waves of data collection have been completed and the sixth is now planned. Data from the FT16 cohort have contributed to several hundred studies and many substudies, with more detailed phenotyping and collection of omics data completed or underway. FT16 has also contributed to many national and international collaborations.
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12
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Clements-Nolle K, Oman RF, Lu M, Lensch T, Moser L. Youth assets and alcohol-related problems among male and female youth: Results from a longitudinal cohort study. Prev Med 2019; 123:192-196. [PMID: 30930260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Youth who experience alcohol-related problems are at increased risk for developing alcohol dependence. Identifying factors associated with adolescent alcohol-related problems is essential, but most studies have focused on risk factors or a limited number of protective factors, with little attention to sex differences. We assessed the prospective association between 17 assets and alcohol-related problems among male and female youth. A 4-year cohort study with 1, 111 youth living in randomly-selected census tracts in the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area was conducted. Follow-up for the current study began at wave 2 (2004/2005; N = 1079). Seventeen assets at the individual-, family-, and community-levels were measured. Five questions documented alcohol-related problems in the past 12 months. Generalized linear mixed models evaluated the prospective influence of assets on alcohol-related problems, separately for males and females. Models controlled for age, race/ethnicity, family structure, and parental income. Overall, females had more assets than males, but the protective influence of assets on alcohol-related problems over time was stronger for males. Six assets uniquely protected males (responsible choices [AOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.36-0.94], educational aspirations [AOR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.31-0.93], parental monitoring [AOR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.27-0.64], community involvement [AOR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.34-0.97], use of time for groups/sports [AOR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.42-0.97], and school connectedness [AOR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.34-0.77]), and 3 uniquely protected females (general self-confidence [AOR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.40-0.96], good health practices [AOR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.47-0.95], and relationship with mother [AOR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.36-0.80]). Strengthening youth assets across multiple domains may decrease alcohol-related problems for both males and females; however, gender-specific approaches to asset building are also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roy F Oman
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Community Health Sciences, United States
| | - Minggen Lu
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Community Health Sciences, United States
| | - Taylor Lensch
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Community Health Sciences, United States
| | - Lea Moser
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Community Health Sciences, United States
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13
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Ferreira VR, Jardim TV, Sousa ALL, Rosa BMC, Jardim PCV. Smoking, alcohol consumption and mental health: Data from the Brazilian study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). Addict Behav Rep 2018; 9:100147. [PMID: 31193769 PMCID: PMC6542299 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous researches have indicated a strong association of alcohol and tobacco use with psychiatric disorders, but the relationship with depression and anxiety symptoms is still uncertain. We investigated the association of psychological distress and alcohol consumption, tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) among adolescents in a developing country. Methods The authors evaluated 73,399 individuals (12–17 years) who participated in the Cardiovascular Risks Study in Adolescents (ERICA), a cross-sectional, national and school-based study, carried out in 124 Brazilian municipalities. The variables considered were alcoholic beverages (experimentation, consumption in the previous month and frequency of use) and smoking (experimentation, current smoking habits, frequent smoking and SHS exposure). Psychological distress was defined as a score ≥ 3 points in GHQ-12. Analyses included multiple logistic regression modeling. Results The frequency of individuals with psychological distress was higher in the group who smoked for at least 7 consecutive days (53.3% vs 31.2%; OR: 2.17; 95%CI: 1.65–2.86), were exposed to SHS indoors (37.8% vs 29.8%; OR:1.30; 95%CI: 1.14–1.48), and outdoors (37.7% vs 26.6%; OR: 1.49; 95%CI: 1.28–1.74), and among young people who consumed at least 1 drink of alcohol in the previous 30 days (42.4% vs 28.6%; OR: 1.70; 95%CI: 1.46–1.97), when compared to adolescents not exposed. Conclusions Smoking (passively and actively) and the consumption of alcoholic beverages are associated to psychological distress in the adolescent population. Avoiding smoking and the use of alcohol may have beneficial effects on the mental health. Our data reinforce the urgent necessity to prevent effectively underage access to legal drugs in Brazil. The chance of psychological distress was 70% higher in the group of adolescents who consumed alcohol in the last month. Prevalence of psychological distress was twice as high among adolescents who smoked for seven consecutive days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Roriz Ferreira
- Hypertension League - School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Thiago Veiga Jardim
- Hypertension League - School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Brigham & Women's Hospital - Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Center for Health Decision Science, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Luiza Lima Sousa
- Hypertension League - School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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14
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Silins E, Horwood LJ, Najman JM, Patton GC, Toumbourou JW, Olsson CA, Hutchinson DM, Degenhardt L, Fergusson D, Becker D, Boden JM, Borschmann R, Plotnikova M, Youssef GJ, Tait RJ, Clare P, Hall WD, Mattick RP. Adverse adult consequences of different alcohol use patterns in adolescence: an integrative analysis of data to age 30 years from four Australasian cohorts. Addiction 2018; 113:1811-1825. [PMID: 29749666 DOI: 10.1111/add.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies have linked adolescent alcohol use with adverse consequences in adulthood, yet it is unclear how strong the associations are and to what extent they may be due to confounding. Our aim was to estimate the strength of association between different patterns of adolescent drinking and longer-term psychosocial harms taking into account individual, family and peer factors. DESIGN Participant-level data were integrated from four long-running longitudinal studies: Australian Temperament Project, Christchurch Health and Development Study, Mater Hospital and University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy and Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study. SETTING Australia and New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS Participants were assessed on multiple occasions between ages 13 and 30 years (from 1991 to 2012). Number of participants varied (up to n = 9453) by analysis. MEASUREMENTS Three patterns of alcohol use (frequent, heavy episodic and problem drinking) were assessed prior to age 17. Thirty outcomes were assessed to age 30 spanning substance use and related problems, antisocial behaviour, sexual risk-taking, accidents, socio-economic functioning, mental health and partner relationships. FINDINGS After covariate adjustment, weekly drinking prior to age 17 was associated with a two- to threefold increase in the odds of binge drinking [odds ratio (OR) = 2.14; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.57-2.90], drink driving (OR = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.84-4.19), alcohol-related problems (OR = 3.04; 95% CI = 1.90-4.84) and alcohol dependence (OR = 3.30; 95% CI = 1.69-6.47) in adulthood. Frequency of drinking accounted for a greater proportion of the rate of most adverse outcomes than the other measures of alcohol use. Associations between frequent, heavy episodic and problem drinking in adolescence and most non-alcohol outcomes were largely explained by shared risk factors for adolescent alcohol use and poor psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSIONS Frequency of adolescent drinking predicts substance use problems in adulthood as much as, and possibly more than, heavy episodic and problem drinking independent of individual, family and peer predictors of those outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Silins
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jake M Najman
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Royal Children's Hospital, Centre for Adolescent Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Royal Children's Hospital, Centre for Adolescent Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Deakin University Geelong, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Royal Children's Hospital, Centre for Adolescent Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Deakin University Geelong, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Delyse M Hutchinson
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Royal Children's Hospital, Centre for Adolescent Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Deakin University Geelong, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Denise Becker
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Royal Children's Hospital, Centre for Adolescent Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Rohan Borschmann
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Royal Children's Hospital, Centre for Adolescent Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Plotnikova
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - George J Youssef
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Deakin University Geelong, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert J Tait
- National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Philip Clare
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wayne D Hall
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard P Mattick
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Waldron JS, Malone SM, McGue M, Iacono WG. A Co-Twin Control Study of the Relationship Between Adolescent Drinking and Adult Outcomes. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018; 79:635-643. [PMID: 30079880 PMCID: PMC6090105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 03/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of drinking during adolescence on adult functioning is a public health concern. A variety of mechanisms have been proposed where drinking in adolescence has an adverse impact on later outcomes; unfortunately, few studies have included methodologies that account for confounding influences that might link adolescent drinking with subsequent problems. To address this limitation, the current study used a co-twin control design, which uses members of twin pairs that differ from each other on their adolescent drinking. METHOD We used a prospective longitudinal sample drawn from the Minnesota Twin Family Study, consisting of 2,764 twins (1,434 female) assessed at regular follow-ups from age 17 to age 29. Adolescent drinking was defined by measures of early initiation of use and a measure of overall consumption at age 17. Adult outcomes included indicators of substance use, antisocial behavior, personality, socioeconomic status, and social functioning. RESULTS The co-twin control analyses suggested that many of the associations between adolescent drinking and later outcomes were largely influenced by genetic confounding. However, for the measure of adolescent alcohol consumption, results were consistent with a small causal impact of drinking on multiple domains of adult functioning. This pattern was less consistently observed for the measures of early initiation. CONCLUSIONS These results provide empirical justification for policies designed to alleviate long-term consequences associated with adolescent drinking by reducing the level of alcohol consumption in adolescence. In contrast, the evidence did not suggest that delaying drinking would have a broad impact on later-life adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Sparks Waldron
- College of Applied Behavioral Sciences, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Stephen M. Malone
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - William G. Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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16
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Waldron JS, Malone SM, McGue M, Iacono WG. A Co-Twin Control Study of the Relationship Between Adolescent Drinking and Adult Outcomes. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018; 79:635-643. [PMID: 30079880 PMCID: PMC6090105 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of drinking during adolescence on adult functioning is a public health concern. A variety of mechanisms have been proposed where drinking in adolescence has an adverse impact on later outcomes; unfortunately, few studies have included methodologies that account for confounding influences that might link adolescent drinking with subsequent problems. To address this limitation, the current study used a co-twin control design, which uses members of twin pairs that differ from each other on their adolescent drinking. METHOD We used a prospective longitudinal sample drawn from the Minnesota Twin Family Study, consisting of 2,764 twins (1,434 female) assessed at regular follow-ups from age 17 to age 29. Adolescent drinking was defined by measures of early initiation of use and a measure of overall consumption at age 17. Adult outcomes included indicators of substance use, antisocial behavior, personality, socioeconomic status, and social functioning. RESULTS The co-twin control analyses suggested that many of the associations between adolescent drinking and later outcomes were largely influenced by genetic confounding. However, for the measure of adolescent alcohol consumption, results were consistent with a small causal impact of drinking on multiple domains of adult functioning. This pattern was less consistently observed for the measures of early initiation. CONCLUSIONS These results provide empirical justification for policies designed to alleviate long-term consequences associated with adolescent drinking by reducing the level of alcohol consumption in adolescence. In contrast, the evidence did not suggest that delaying drinking would have a broad impact on later-life adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Sparks Waldron
- College of Applied Behavioral Sciences, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Stephen M. Malone
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - William G. Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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17
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Waldron JS, Malone SM, McGue M, Iacono WG. Genetic and environmental sources of covariation between early drinking and adult functioning. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2017; 31:589-600. [PMID: 28594187 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of individuals initiate alcohol consumption for the first time in adolescence. Given the widespread nature of its use and evidence that adolescents may be especially vulnerable to its effects, there is concern about the long-term detrimental impact of adolescent drinking on adult functioning. While some researchers have suggested that genetic processes may confound the relationship, the mechanisms linking drinking and later adjustment remain unclear. The current study utilized a genetically informed sample and biometric modeling to examine the nature of the familial influences on this association and identify the potential for genetic confounding. The sample was drawn from the Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS), a longitudinal study consisting of 2,764 twins assessed in 2 cohorts at regular follow-ups from age 17 to age 29 (older cohort) or age 11 to age 29 (younger cohort). A broad range of adult measures was included assessing substance use, antisocial behavior, personality, socioeconomic status, and social functioning. A bivariate Cholesky decomposition was used to examine the common genetic and environmental influences on adolescent drinking and each of the measures of adult adjustment. The results revealed that genetic factors and nonshared environmental influences were generally most important in explaining the relationship between adolescent drinking and later functioning. While the presence of nonshared environmental influences on the association are not inconsistent with a causal impact of adolescent drinking, the findings suggest that many of the adjustment issues associated with adolescent alcohol consumption are best understood as genetically influenced vulnerabilities. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota
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18
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Böckerman P, Hyytinen A, Maczulskij T. Alcohol Consumption and Long-Term Labor Market Outcomes. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2017; 26:275-291. [PMID: 26634338 DOI: 10.1002/hec.3290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines whether alcohol consumption is related to long-term labor market outcomes. We use twin data for Finnish men and women matched to register-based individual information on employment and earnings. The twin data allow us to account for the shared environmental and genetic factors. The quantity of alcohol consumption was measured by weekly average consumption using self-reported data from three surveys (1975, 1981 and 1990). The average of an individual's employment months and earnings were measured in adulthood over the period 1990-2009. The models that account for the shared environmental and genetic factors reveal that former drinkers and heavy drinkers both have almost 20% lower earnings compared with moderate drinkers. On average, former drinkers work annually approx. 1 month less over the 20-year observation period. These associations are robust to the use of covariates, such as education, pre-existing health endowment and smoking. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Böckerman
- Turku School of Economics, Labour Institute for Economic Research and IZA, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Hyytinen
- Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, Jyväskylä, Finland
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19
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Toma A, Paré G, Leong DP. Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease: How Much is Too Much? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2017; 19:13. [DOI: 10.1007/s11883-017-0647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Savage JE, Kaprio J, Korhonen T, Pulkkinen L, Rose RJ, Verhulst B, Dick DM. The effects of social anxiety on alcohol and cigarette use across adolescence: Results from a longitudinal twin study in Finland. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2017; 30:462-74. [PMID: 27322804 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Conflicting reports exist on the direction of the relationship between social anxiety (SA) and alcohol/cigarette use (AU/CU) and alcohol/nicotine dependence (AD/ND), with both positive and negative associations reported. A prospective, longitudinal sample of Finnish twins (n = 1,906) was used to test potential explanations for these discrepancies. Specifically, this study used peer, parent, and teacher ratings of SA, and a clinical interview screening item for social anxiety disorder (SAD-Sc) to examine associations between SA and AU/CU and AD/ND from early adolescence into young adulthood. Peer-rated SA was negatively associated with AU, CU, and AD from age 14 through age 22, implying a protective effect (β = -0.01 to -.03). Teacher- and parent-rated SA associations were in the same directions but weaker or nonsignificant, indicating that aspects of SA that are recognizable by peers may be most relevant to AU/CU. Self-reported SAD-Sc was also negatively associated with AU, but positively associated with AD symptoms in young adulthood (β = 0.38). Our findings partially support the existence of different associations between SA and AU versus AD, but only in the context of SAD-Sc rather than trait SA. Neither trait SA nor SAD-Sc significantly predicted ND symptoms, although SAD-Sc was associated with both cigarette abstinence and daily smoking. These findings suggest that adolescent SA is modestly associated with lower AU/CU, although there may be some individuals with more severe SA who develop alcohol problems later in life. There was little evidence of a common underlying liability contributing to both SA and alcohol/cigarette use. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne E Savage
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki
| | | | | | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University-Bloomington
| | - Brad Verhulst
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
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21
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Torcaso A, Asimes A, Meagher M, Pak TR. Adolescent binge alcohol exposure increases risk assessment behaviors in male Wistar rats after exposure to an acute psychological stressor in adulthood. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 76:154-161. [PMID: 27930953 PMCID: PMC5272802 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Teenage binge drinking is a common practice that has been shown to increase the risk for developing mood disorders in adulthood. The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is often dysfunctional in mood disorder patients, and animal models of adolescent binge alcohol exposure similarly show disordered HPA axis function, even after long periods of alcohol abstinence. Here, we sought to investigate the anxiety-like behavioral consequences of binge alcohol exposure in a Wistar rat model. Male rats were administered alcohol in a binge pattern during peri-puberty, and one month later, anxiety-like behaviors were measured using the elevated plus maze. A subset of the rats then underwent 30min of restraint stress, and the anxiety-like behaviors were measured again. We observed an increase in risk assessment behaviors due to both adolescent binge alcohol exposure and restraint stress, but no differences in canonical anxiety-like behaviors. We also repeated the observation that adolescent binge alcohol induces long-term changes in HPA axis sensitivity. Therefore, we concluded that a history of peri-pubertal binge alcohol exposure subtly alters the behavioral response to subsequent acute psychological stress during adulthood, which may over time contribute to the development of mood disorders. This relatively pragmatic animal model represents a more clinically relevant tool in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the long-term effects of adolescent binge drinking.
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22
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Lintonen T, Härkönen J, Raitasalo K, Härkänen T, Mäkelä P. Decreasing adolescent drinking: Is there evidence of a continuation into future adult cohorts? APC analysis of adolescent drinking in Finland, 1983–2013. Scand J Public Health 2016; 44:654-662. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494816665505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Unlike adults, abstaining has increased and regular use of alcohol has decreased among 12–16-year-olds over the past two decades. The paper studies whether these developments will be continued as the adolescent cohorts come of age. Methods: The Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Survey is a nationally representative monitoring system of the health habits of 12-, 14-, 16-, and 18-year-old Finns, conducted biannually between 1981 and 2013. The prevalence of alcohol use and drunkenness were measured for each 5-year cohort born in 1967–1995. Age-by-cohort trajectories and hierarchical age–period–cohort (APC) modeling were used to assess effects of age, period, and birth cohort. Results: Cohorts differentiate for underage drinking, but not at the age of 18. The younger cohorts postpone their drinking debut compared with older cohorts and thus age profiles are steeper than before. The most recent cohorts born in the 1990s, and the oldest cohorts born in 1967–71, have the highest prevalence in abstinence but drinking has been more prevalent for cohorts born in 1973–1989. APC modeling confirms significant cohort effects, but no significant decrease in drinking or drunkenness at the age of 18 years. Some of the changes can also be attributed to period effects. Conclusions: Despite the decrease in underage drinking in Finland, 18-year-olds continue to drink similarly from cohort to another. Postponing the onset of drinking has a preventive effect on alcohol-related harms, but a reduction in drinking among adult cohorts is not evident in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Lintonen
- Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Tampere, School of Health Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Janne Härkönen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tommi Härkänen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Mäkelä
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Verweij KJ, Creemers H, Korhonen T, Latvala A, Dick D, Rose RJ, Huizink A, Kaprio J. Role of overlapping genetic and environmental factors in the relationship between early adolescent conduct problems and substance use in young adulthood. Addiction 2016; 111:1036-45. [PMID: 26748618 PMCID: PMC4861688 DOI: 10.1111/add.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine (1) the prospective associations of conduct problems during early adolescence with tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use in young adulthood and (2) to what extent these associations are due to overlapping genetic versus environmental influences. DESIGN A prospective twin study using biometric twin modelling. SETTING Finland. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1847 Finnish twins (943 males and 904 females) were interviewed in early adolescence, 73% of whom (n = 1353, 640 males and 713 females) were retained in young adulthood. MEASUREMENTS Symptom counts of conduct disorder (CD) criteria were obtained from a semi-structured clinical interview in early adolescence [age 14-15 years, mean = 14.2, standard deviation (SD) = 0.15]. Frequency of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use was obtained from a semi-structured clinical interview in young adulthood (age 19.9-26.6 years, mean = 22.4, SD = 0.7). FINDINGS We found modest to moderate phenotypical correlations (r = 0.16-0.35) between early adolescent CD symptoms and substance use in young adulthood. In males, the phenotypical correlations of CD symptoms with all three substance use variables are explained largely by overlapping genetic influences. In females, overlapping shared environmental influences predominantly explain the phenotypical correlation between CD symptoms and tobacco and cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS Conduct disorder symptoms in early adolescence appear to moderately predict substance use in early adulthood. In males, genetic influences seem to be most important in explaining the relationship between conduct disorder symptoms and substance use whereas in females, shared environmental influences seem to be most important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin J.H. Verweij
- VU University, Department of Clinical Developmental Psychology and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Biological Psychology/Netherlands Twin Register, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H.E. Creemers
- Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T. Korhonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - A. Latvala
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - D.M. Dick
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - R. J. Rose
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - A.C. Huizink
- VU University, Department of Clinical Developmental Psychology and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J. Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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24
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Mustelin L, Latvala A, Raevuori A, Rose RJ, Kaprio J, Keski-Rahkonen A. Risky drinking behaviors among women with eating disorders-A longitudinal community-based study. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:563-71. [PMID: 27038220 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating disorders and alcohol use disorders often co-occur, but few prospective studies have examined their relationship. Using a large population-based twin sample, we investigated how the drinking behaviors of women with lifetime eating disorders unfold from adolescence to adulthood. METHOD We identified 182 women with a lifetime eating disorder assessed at mean age 24, including 92 women with DSM-5 anorexia nervosa and 58 women with DSM-5 bulimia nervosa, from the 1975-1979 birth cohorts of Finnish twins (N = 2,825 women). Frequency of drinking and intoxicating were assessed at ages 16, 24, and 34. Drinking problems were assessed at ages 24 and 34 by the Malmö-modified Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (Mm-Mast) and the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index (RAPI). RESULTS At age 16, proportionately more women with eating disorders reported being severely intoxicated when they last drank (25% vs.16%, P = 0.001), and at both surveys in adulthood, they reported more frequent intoxication and more alcohol-related problems than their unaffected peers. Those who had recovered from their eating disorder at age 24 still reported more alcohol-related problems in their 30s than did other women. The age of drinking onset, number of monthly drinking days, or frequency of intoxication in adolescence did not differ between women with lifetime eating disorders and unaffected women. DISCUSSION Women with eating disorders scored higher than their unaffected peers on scales measuring alcohol dependence, alcohol-related problems, and intoxication. These differences persisted from mid-adolescence into young adulthood. Women with eating disorders should be assessed routinely for drinking behaviors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:563-571).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Mustelin
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Latvala
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Raevuori
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Bono RS, Kendler KS, Barnes AJ. All in the Family? A Twin-Based Analysis of Associations Between Occupational Risk Factors, Drinking, and Tobacco Use in Employed Men. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:1136-47. [PMID: 27061186 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Employment-related substance use can negatively affect both workplace and worker. Relationships between workplace characteristics and substance use may be explained by genetic and environmental effects; this research uses a co-twin control (discordant twin) design to disentangle these influences. METHODS This study compared population-level to discordant twin pair relationships to analyze the genetic and environmental influences of work-related risks on substance use in N = 2,138 dizygotic and monozygotic male twins from the Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders. Negative binomial and logistic regressions were fit to predict differences in the frequency of drinking, typical and maximum number of drinks, the number of cigarettes per day, and any binge drinking or any tobacco use across occupation, work hours, job strain, problems with coworkers, and perceived job insecurity. RESULTS In population-level analyses, several work-related variables were associated with substance use. The population-level associations of occupation with typical and maximum drinks per day and of problems with coworkers to binge drinking were not significant at the twin level. At both the population and discordant twin levels, only higher occupational status was associated with a lower likelihood of regular tobacco use (odds ratio 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.21, 0.94). CONCLUSIONS Variation in genes and shared environment appears to account for many of the population-level relationships between work-related stressors and substance use. Work stressors may not be the most fruitful intervention point when aiming to reduce alcohol or tobacco use, although men in certain high-stress occupations may be at greater risk for substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose S Bono
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Andrew J Barnes
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Sipilä P, Rose RJ, Kaprio J. Drinking and mortality: long-term follow-up of drinking-discordant twin pairs. Addiction 2016; 111:245-54. [PMID: 26359785 PMCID: PMC4835818 DOI: 10.1111/add.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine if associations of alcohol consumption with all-cause mortality replicate in discordant monozygotic twin comparisons that control for familial and genetic confounds. DESIGN A 30-year prospective follow-up. SETTING Population-based older Finnish twin cohort. PARTICIPANTS Same-sex twins, aged 24-60 years at the end of 1981, without overt comorbidities, completed questionnaires in 1975 and 1981 with response rates of 89 and 84%. A total of 15,607 twins were available for mortality follow-up from the date of returned 1981 questionnaires to 31 December 2011; 14,787 twins with complete information were analysed. MEASUREMENTS Self-reported monthly alcohol consumption, heavy drinking occasions (HDO) and alcohol-induced blackouts. Adjustments for age, gender, marital and smoking status, physical activity, obesity, education and social class. FINDINGS Among twins as individuals, high levels of monthly alcohol consumption (≥ 259 g/month) associated with earlier mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.47-1.81]. That association was replicated in comparisons of all informatively drinking-discordant twin pairs (HR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.49-2.45) and within discordant monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs (HR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.31-3.85), with comparable effect size. Smaller samples of MZ twins discordant for HDO and blackouts limited power; a significant association with mortality was found for multiple blackouts (HR = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.30-6.08), but not for HDO. CONCLUSIONS The associations of high levels of monthly alcohol consumption and alcohol-induced blackouts with increased all-cause mortality among Finnish twins cannot be explained by familial or genetic confounds; the explanation appears to be causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyry Sipilä
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard J. Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Kaprio J. Is the association between alcohol use and coronary artery disease causal? Evidence from a long-term twin study. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:1-2. [PMID: 26063692 PMCID: PMC4480672 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.114348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health and the Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, and Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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