1
|
Guastaferro K, Linden-Carmichael AN, Chiang SC. Association Between Child Maltreatment and Substance Use Disorder Across Emerging Adulthood. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2024; 29:340-349. [PMID: 36715445 PMCID: PMC10981177 DOI: 10.1177/10775595231154545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment is associated with substance use beginning in adolescence and throughout early adulthood. Substance use disorders (SUD) are most likely to develop during emerging adulthood (18-25 years old). Thus, to develop effective substance use prevention strategies, it is useful to know the ages at which associations between maltreatment exposure (prior to age 18) and SUD are most strongly tied. This study examined the age-varying association between child maltreatment and past-year SUD in emerging adulthood by sex and by maltreatment type using time-varying effect models (TVEM). Data were from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC-III). The analytic sample consisted of 5194 emerging adults. The association was strongest at younger ages, with individuals who experienced child maltreatment having three times greater odds of reporting SUD in the past-year. Differential associations were found by sex, racial-ethnic group, and maltreatment type across age. Prevention efforts may be more effective if their development is informed by these important differences and targeted at emerging adults rather than adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Guastaferro
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashley N. Linden-Carmichael
- The Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Shou-Chun Chiang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Farmer RF, Seeley JR, Kosty DB, Gau JM. Deconstructing the heterogeneity of alcohol use disorder: lifetime comorbid non-alcohol substance use disorder as a distinct behavioral phenotype? Psychol Med 2023; 53:4962-4976. [PMID: 35781344 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is an etiologically and clinically heterogeneous condition. Accumulating evidence suggests that persons with lifetime histories of comorbid AUD and non-alcohol substance use disorder (DRUG) constitute an important subgroup of AUD. This study evaluated the distinctiveness of the comorbid AUD/DRUG behavioral phenotype in a community sample with respect to risk factors, AUD course features, and outcome variables assessed at age 30. Contrast groups included persons with histories of AUD only, DRUG only, and neither AUD nor DRUG. METHODS This research utilized a prospective study design with an age-based cohort (n = 732). Participants completed four comprehensive diagnostic evaluations during the high-risk periods of adolescence, emerging adulthood, and young adulthood. RESULTS The comorbid AUD/DRUG group was distinguished from the AUD only group by risk factors, AUD course features, and outcomes. Group differences in outcomes were also explained by overall substance use disorder (SUD) severity. Persons with AUD/DRUG comorbidity were indistinguishable from those with DRUG only histories with respect to risk factors and outcomes but demonstrated greater overall SUD severity. Persons with AUD only were indistinguishable from those with neither AUD nor DRUG histories in risk factor endorsements and were mostly similar in outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Findings collectively suggest that young adults with histories of AUD only and those with comorbid AUD/DRUG are drawn from dissimilar populations. Similarities between the AUD only group with those absent AUD or DRUG histories are likely related to the former group's developmentally limited AUD course accompanied by relatively few or short-lived alcohol-related problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Farmer
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - John R Seeley
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
- College of Education, University of Oregon, 901 East 18th Ave., Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Derek B Kosty
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
- College of Education, University of Oregon, 901 East 18th Ave., Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Jeff M Gau
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
- College of Education, University of Oregon, 901 East 18th Ave., Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stea TH, Steigen AM, Dangmann CR, Granrud MD, Bonsaksen T. Associations between exposure to sexual abuse, substance use, adverse health outcomes, and use of youth health services among Norwegian adolescents. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1330. [PMID: 37434128 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strong association between sexual abuse and adverse health outcomes has been reported among adolescents. The present study aimed to provide more information about adverse health outcomes associated with sexual abuse and substance use, and to examine the use of youth health services among Norwegian adolescents. METHODS National representative cross-sectional study among 16-19-year-old Norwegian adolescents (n = 9784). Multivariable regression analyses, adjusted for socioeconomic status and age, were used to examine the association between exposure to sexual abuse, substance use and health risk factors, and the use of youth health services. RESULTS Adolescents exposed to sexual abuse had higher odds of depressive symptoms (males: OR:3.8; 95% CI:2.5-5.8, females: 2.9;2.4-3.5), daily headache (males: 5.3;2.8-10.1, females:1.9; 1.5-2.4), high medication use (males: 3.2;1.7-6.0, females: 2.0;1.6-2.6), self-harm (males: 3.8;2.4-6.0, females:3.2; 2.6-3.9), suicidal thoughts (males: 3.3; 2.2-5.0, females:3.0; 2.5-3.6) and suicide attempts (males: 9.5;5.6-16.0, females:3.6;2.7-4.9). Furthermore, exposure to sexual abuse was associated with higher odds of using school health services (males: 3.9;2.6-5.9, females: 1.6;1.3-1.9) and health services for youth (males: 4.8;3.1-7.6, females: 2.1;1.7-2.5). In general, substance use was associated with increased odds of adverse health related outcomes and use of youth health services, but the strength of the relationships varied according to sex. Finally, results indicated a significant interaction between sexual abuse and smoking that was associated with increased odds of having suicidal thoughts for males (2.6;1.1-6.5) but a decreased odds of having suicidal thoughts and have conducted suicide attempts once or more for females (0.6;0.4-1.0 and 0.5;0.3-0.9, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The present study confirmed a strong relationship between exposure to sexual abuse and health risks, especially among males. Moreover, males exposed to sexual abuse were much more likely to use youth health services compared to sexually abused females. Substance use was also associated with adverse health outcomes and use of youth health services, and interactions between sexual abuse and smoking seemed to influence risk of suicidal thoughts and attempts differently according to sex. Results from this study increase knowledge about possible health related effects of sexual abuse which should be used to identify victims and provide targeted treatment by youth health services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T H Stea
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - A M Steigen
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - C R Dangmann
- Department of Social Sciences and Guidance, Faculty of Social and Health Science, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - M D Granrud
- Department of Social Sciences and Guidance, Faculty of Social and Health Science, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - T Bonsaksen
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
- Department of Health, Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Stavanger, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baiden P, Onyeaka HK, Aneni K, Wood B, LaBrenz CA, Muoghalu C, Peoples JE, Szlyk HS, Gobodzo EC, Baiden JF, Adeku Y, Mets VE, Brown FA, Cavazos-Rehg P. Perceived racial discrimination and polysubstance use among racial/ethnic minority adolescents in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 248:109894. [PMID: 37167795 PMCID: PMC11003345 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polysubstance use among adolescents is a significant public health concern, yet most studies on adolescent substance use focus on a singular substance. This study is one of the first to investigate the association between perceived racial discrimination (PRD) in school and polysubstance use among racial/ethnic minority adolescents using a nationally representative sample. METHODS Data was from the 2021 Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey. The sample included 4145 racial/ethnic minority adolescents (52.8% female). Hierarchical binary logistic regression was used to examine the association between PRD in school and polysubstance use among racial/ethnic minority adolescents. RESULTS About 12% of racial/ethnic minority adolescents engaged in polysubstance use and 23.4% reported experiencing PRD in school sometimes/most of the time/always. Controlling for other factors, experiencing PRD in school sometimes/most of the time/always was associated with 1.52 times higher odds of polysubstance use when compared to adolescents who never experienced PRD in school (OR=1.52, p=.044, 95% CI=1.01-2.30). Cyberbullying victimization, symptoms of depression, and being emotionally abused by a parent during COVID-19 were also associated with polysubstance use. CONCLUSION Controlling for demographic characteristics and psychosocial stressors, PRD in school was significantly associated with higher odds of polysubstance use among racial/ethnic minority adolescents. The findings of this study could inform clinicians and policymakers of the association between PRD in school and polysubstance use, which could contribute to early identification of polysubstance use among racial/ethnic minority adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- The University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, 501 W. Mitchell St., Box 19129ArlingtonTX76019USA.
| | - Henry K Onyeaka
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA02115, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA02115, USA; McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA02478, USA
| | | | - Bethany Wood
- The University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, 501 W. Mitchell St., Box 19129ArlingtonTX76019USA
| | - Catherine A LaBrenz
- The University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, 501 W. Mitchell St., Box 19129ArlingtonTX76019USA
| | - Chioma Muoghalu
- Plains Regional Medical Center, Clovis, New Mexico, NM88101, USA
| | - JaNiene E Peoples
- The Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO63130, USA
| | - Hannah S Szlyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave, Box 8134, St. Louis, MO63110, USA
| | | | - John F Baiden
- East Airport International School, P.O. Box KAPM 57, KIA, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yvonne Adeku
- Western University, Department of Sociology, Social Science Centre, Room 5306, London, OntarioN6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Vera E Mets
- University of Ghana, Legon, Department of Social Work, P.O. Box LG 419, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Fawn A Brown
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Psychology, 501 Nedderman Dr, Box 19528, Arlington, TX76019, USA
| | - Patricia Cavazos-Rehg
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave, Box 8134, St. Louis, MO63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baiden P, Cavazos-Rehg P, Szlyk HS, Onyeaka HK, Peoples JE, Kasson E, Muoghalu C. Association between Sexual Violence Victimization and Electronic Vaping Product Use among Adolescents: Findings from a Population-based Study. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:637-648. [PMID: 36803403 PMCID: PMC11177576 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2177963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies have investigated the association between sexual violence (SV) victimization and substance use, few studies have examined the association between SV victimization and electronic vaping product (EVP) use among adolescents in the United States. The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional association between SV victimization and EVP use among adolescents. METHODS Data were pooled from the 2017 and 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. An analytic sample of 28,135 adolescents (51.2% female) was analyzed using binary logistic regression. The outcome variable investigated was EVP use, and the main explanatory variable was SV victimization. RESULTS Of the 28,135 adolescents, the prevalence of past 30-day EVP use and SV victimization was 22.7% and 10.8%, respectively. Controlling for other factors, adolescents who experienced SV had 1.52 times higher odds of being EVP users when compared to their counterparts who did not experience SV (AOR = 1.52, p < .001, 95% CI = 1.27-1.82). Other factors associated with EVP use included cyberbullying victimization, symptoms of depression, and current use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. CONCLUSIONS Experiencing SV was associated with EVP use. Future studies that employ longitudinal designs may offer more insight into the mechanisms underlying the association between SV victimization and EVP use. In addition, school-based interventions that focus on sexual violence prevention and reducing substance use among adolescents are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Patricia Cavazos-Rehg
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hannah S. Szlyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Henry K. Onyeaka
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Erin Kasson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Foley G, Fowler K, Button P. Positive mental health in Canadian adults who have experienced childhood sexual abuse: exploring the role of social support. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:666. [PMID: 36307753 PMCID: PMC9615621 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is predictive of poorer mental health, greater psychiatric disorder risk, and lower positive mental health (PMH) during adulthood, outcomes potentially moderated by social support. The current study aimed to explore whether Canadian adults who have experienced CSA differ from those who have not in terms of PMH and social support. Within the CSA sample, it was further investigated whether gender differences exist with respect to PMH and social support, and if particular social support subscales predict PMH. METHOD Using data from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey - Mental Health (CCHS-MH), 1,328 adults between 20 and 64 years reporting CSA were profiled and compared in terms of sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, using an age, sex, and frequency matched sample of non-CSA adults. Social Provisions Scale (SPS), and the Mental Health Continuum - Short Form (MHC-SF) means were subsequently compared between the CSA and non-CSA samples, and Hierarchical regressions were conducted for CSA males and females separately to examine whether SPS subscales predicted PMH after controlling for age and income. RESULTS Canadian adults reporting CSA had significantly lower PMH and social support (overall and for particular subscales). For adult CSA females, guidance, social integration, and reassurance of worth predicted higher PMH, while attachment and reassurance of worth predicted higher PMH scores for CSA males. CONCLUSION Adults who have experienced CSA are at risk for lower PMH and social support. Gender differences are also evident in social support subtypes that predict PMH which have important clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Foley
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL Canada
| | - Ken Fowler
- Student Wellness and Counselling Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| | - Pam Button
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Student Wellness and Counselling Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jordanian University Students' Lived Experience of Misusing Amphetamine (Captagon): A Qualitative Study. J Addict Nurs 2022; 33:20-26. [PMID: 35230057 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance misuse is a growing problem among Jordanian university students. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of university students who misuse Captagon (amphetamines). METHODS The interpretative phenomenological analysis methodology was used. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with 10 Jordanian university students, aged 17-22 years, who were using Captagon (amphetamines) for the last 6 months. RESULTS Three major themes detailed participants' experiences with Captagon: (a) causes for use, (b) effects of taking amphetamines, and (c) seeking help behaviors and support. Participants who experienced academic and personal stress sought help from friends, who provided them with Captagon pills as a way to overcome their life challenges. Initially, taking Captagon provided participants with a sense of control, but it did not solve their problems. Later or as the days passed by, they experienced increased level of stress, felt disorganized in a way that they missed classes, and were being socially isolated. Participants finally sought community help for their problem, but this was difficult because of stigmatizing attitudes in their community toward substance misuse. CONCLUSIONS Increasing university students' knowledge about the negative consequences of substance misuse and raising awareness of strategies to address the problem will help young people to make more informed choices, because today's young generation are tomorrow's citizens.
Collapse
|
8
|
The association between type of trauma, level of exposure and addiction. Addict Behav 2021; 118:106889. [PMID: 33735776 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to trauma is considered a risk factor for the development of addictive disorders. Currently, there is a knowledge gap concerning specific links between types and levels of exposure to traumatic events and addiction.In this study we explored the associations between interpersonal trauma and risk of addictive behaviors, stratified by type of trauma (physical, weapon, sexual assault, and combat) and level of exposure (direct/indirect), focusing on a wide range of substances and behaviors. Data from an online representative sample of 4025 respondents were collected, including the Life Events Checklist (LEC-5), substance use disorders and behavioral addictions metrics, and sociodemographic data. Substantial differences were found between specific types of trauma and risk of addiction. Among those exposed to sexual assault, the risk of alcohol use disorder was found to 15.4%, 95%CI[14.4-16.4%], compared to 12.1%,95%CI[11.3-12.8] among those exposed to combat-related trauma. Both direct and indirect exposure to trauma were found to be significantly related with risk of addiction. While direct exposure was most highly associated with addictions across several types of trauma, in the case of combat-related trauma, indirect exposure was more highly associated with alcohol and pornography addiction (14.5%,95%CI[13.2-15.8%] and 10.0%, 95%CI[6.3-15.0%], respectively) compared to direct exposure (10.7%,95%CI[9.9-11.6%] and 7.4%, 95%CI[4.7-11.6%], respectively). Our findings emphasize the strong association between all types of trauma and the risk of several specific substance and behavioral addictions. Specifically, the role of indirect exposure to trauma is highlighted.
Collapse
|
9
|
Korn L, Haynie DL, Luk JW, Sita K, Simons-Morton BG. Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Behavioral Control Associated with Age of First Use of Cannabis among Adolescents. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2021; 91:50-58. [PMID: 33216363 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of early age initiation of cannabis use is a national priority, highlighting the importance of identifying cannabis-specific attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control in relation to initiation age. METHODS Data were from the NEXT Generation Health Study, a national longitudinal sample of US adolescents followed from 10th grade (N = 1850). Cannabis-specific attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control were assessed at 10th grade. Age of first use was reported retrospectively 2-3 years after high-school and participants were categorized as early initiators (<14 years; 3.8%), high-school (HS) initiators (14-18 years; 35.6%), post-HS initiators (>18 years; 8.3%), or never users (52.3%). RESULTS Relative to never users, early initiators were more likely to endorse pro-use attitudes (AOR [adjusted odds ratio] = 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27-4.50), less disapproving parental attitudes toward use (AOR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.45-4.28), higher cannabis use among friends (AOR = 3.81, 95% CI = 2.21-6.60), and higher ease of access (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.14-3.87); HS initiators were similarly more likely to report less disapproving attitudes toward use (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.25-1.91), higher cannabis use among friends (AOR = 2.81, 95% CI = 2.18-3.65), and higher ease of access (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.21-2.28). CONCLUSIONS Earlier cannabis initiation was associated with more favorable cannabis attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, highlight these variables as potential intervention targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liat Korn
- Senior Lecturer and Head, , Health Promotion Track, Department of Health Systems Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Kiryat Hamada 4, Ariel, Israel
| | - Denise L Haynie
- Staff Scientist, , Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch (SBSB), Division of Intramural Population Health Research (DIPHR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, 20892-7000, USA
| | - Jeremy W Luk
- Postdoctoral Fellow, , Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch (SBSB), Division of Intramural Population Health Research (DIPHR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, 20892-7000, USA
| | - Kellienne Sita
- Post-baccalaureate Fellow, , Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch (SBSB), Division of Intramural Population Health Research (DIPHR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, 20892-7000, USA
| | - Bruce G Simons-Morton
- Senior Investigator, , Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch (SBSB), Division of Intramural Population Health Research (DIPHR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892-7000, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maina G, Phaneuf T, Kennedy M, Mclean M, Gakumo A, Nguemo J, King A, Mcharo SK. School-based interventions for preventing substance use in indigenous children ages 7-13: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034032. [PMID: 32051315 PMCID: PMC7045254 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Throughout the world, indigenous peoples share traumatic colonial experiences that have caused gross inequalities for them and continue to impact every aspect of their lives. The effect of intergenerational trauma and other health disparities have been remarkable for Indigenous children and adolescents, who are at a greater risk of adverse mental health and addiction outcomes compared with non-indigenous people of the same age. Most indigenous children are exposed to addictive substances at an early age, which often leads to early initiation of substance use and is associated with subsequent physical and mental health issues, poor social and relational functioning, and occupational and legal problems. The aim of this paper is to report the protocol for the scoping review of school-based interventions for substance use prevention in Indigenous children ages 7-13 living in Canada, the USA, Australia and New Zealand. This scoping review seeks to answer the following questions: (1) What is known about indigenous school-based interventions for preventing substance use and (2) What are the characteristics and outcomes of school-based interventions for preventing substance use? METHODS AND ANALYSIS This scoping review will use steps described by Arksey and O'Malley and Levac: (1) identifying the research question(s); (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) selecting the studies; (4) charting the data; (5) collating, summarising and reporting the results and (6) consulting with experts. Our findings will be reported according to the guidelines set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics review approval is not required for this project. Findings from this study will be presented to lay public, at scientific conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Maina
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Taryn Phaneuf
- University of Saskatchewan College of Nursing, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Megan Kennedy
- Library, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maeve Mclean
- Public Health, University of Saskatchewan College of Graduate Studies and Research, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ann Gakumo
- Nursing, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph Nguemo
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra King
- Medicine, University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Solomon Kasha Mcharo
- Nursing, University of Saskatchewan College of Nursing, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Grossesses non prévues, violences sexuelles et contraception chez les femmes consommant du cannabis ou d’autres substances psychoactives illégales en Île-de-France : données du Baromètre Santé 2016. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2020; 68:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
12
|
Blair RJ. Modeling the Comorbidity of Cannabis Abuse and Conduct Disorder/Conduct Problems from a Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective. J Dual Diagn 2020; 16:3-21. [PMID: 31608811 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2019.1668099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: A cognitive neuroscience perspective seeks to understand behavior, in this case the comorbidity of cannabis abuse and conduct disorder/conduct problems, in terms of dysfunction in cognitive processes underpinned by neural processes. The goal of this review is to articulate a cognitive neuroscience account of this comorbidity. Methods: Literature on the following issues will be reviewed: (i) the longitudinal relationship between cannabis abuse and conduct disorder/conduct problems (CD/CP); (ii) the extent to which there are genetic and environmental (specifically maltreatment) factors that underpin this relationship; (iii) forms of neurocognitive function that are reported dysfunctional in CD/CP and also, when dysfunctional, appear to be risk factors for future cannabis abuse; and (iv) the extent to which cannabis abuse may further compromise these systems leading to increased future abuse and greater conduct problems. Results: CD/CP typically predate cannabis abuse. There appear to be shared genetic factors that contribute to the relationship between CD/CP and cannabis abuse. Moreover, trauma exposure increases risk for both cannabis abuse and CP/CD. One form of neurocognitive dysfunction, response disinhibition, that likely exacerbates the symptomatology of many individuals with CD also appears to increase the risk for cannabis abuse. The literature with respect to other forms of neurocognitive dysfunction remains inconclusive. Conclusions: Based on the literature, a causal model of the comorbidity of cannabis abuse and CD/CP is developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R James Blair
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Houston-Ludlam AN, Bucholz KK, Grant JD, Waldron M, Madden PAF, Heath AC. The interaction of sociodemographic risk factors and measures of nicotine dependence in predicting maternal smoking during pregnancy. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 198:168-175. [PMID: 30939374 PMCID: PMC6467711 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding differences in nicotine dependence assessments' ability to predict smoking cessation is complicated by variation in quit attempt contexts. Pregnancy reduces this variation, as each pregnant smoker receives the same strong cessation incentive. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy (SDP) provides a powerful paradigm for analyzing the interplay between nicotine dependence measures and sociodemographics in predicting cessation failure. METHODS Data from a female twin cohort (median birth year 1980), assessed in teens and early twenties, were merged with birth records to identify those with smoking history who experienced childbirth (N = 1657 births, N = 763 mothers). Logistic regression predicting SDP, as a function of birth record sociodemographic variables, generated a sociodemographic risk-score. Further analysis incorporated the risk-score with data from research interviews on DSM-IV-Nicotine Dependence symptom count, Heaviness of Smoking Index. RESULTS Low maternal educational level, younger age at childbirth, and being unmarried all contributed risk for SDP. In addition to sociodemographic risk-score, the best predictors of SDP included HSI-score (OR:1.51), their two-way interaction (OR:0.39; reduced impact of dependence at intermediate-high sociodemographic risk), history of ≥ two failed quit attempts (OR:1.38), and a dummy variable for prior pregnancy at time of assessment (OR:1.82). DSM-IV-Nicotine Dependence symptoms underperformed the Heaviness of Smoking Index and did not improve prediction when added to the best model. CONCLUSIONS The 2-item Heaviness of Smoking Index measure and report of ≥ two failed quit attempts performed best for predicting SDP. The contribution of either nicotine dependence measure to SDP risk was diminished at increased levels of sociodemographic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Houston-Ludlam
- Human and Statistical Genetics, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid, CB 8226, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Julia D Grant
- Department of Psychology, Maryville University of St. Louis, 650 Maryville University Drive, St. Louis, MO 63141, USA.
| | - Mary Waldron
- School of Education, Indiana University Bloomington, 201 N. Rose Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Pamela A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zouini B, Sfendla A, Hedman Ahlström B, Senhaji M, Kerekes N. Mental health profile and its relation with parental alcohol use problems and/or the experience of abuse in a sample of Moroccan high school students: an explorative study. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2019; 18:27. [PMID: 31889971 PMCID: PMC6923982 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-019-0251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on mental health are scarce from Arab countries, especially studies focusing on adolescents. In addition to the neurobiological and physiological changes that occur during adolescent development, psychological, societal and cultural influences have strong effects on adolescents' behavior and on their somatic and mental health. The present study aimed (1) to describe the mental health profile, operationalized as psychological distress, of a sample of Moroccan adolescents, and (2) to investigate how specific psychosocial factors (parental alcohol use problems and the experience of physical and/or psychological abuse) may affect adolescents' mental health. METHODS The sample included 375 adolescents from conveniently selected classes of four high schools in the city of Tetouan in Morocco. The participants responded to an anonymous survey containing, beside other inventories, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and identified those reporting parental alcohol use problems and/or the previous experience of abuse. The sample characteristics were defined using descriptive statistics. The effects of the defined psychosocial factors were identified using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the post hoc Fisher's least significant difference test. RESULTS The most common problems found in high school students from an urban region of Morocco were memory problems, concentration difficulties, restlessness, fear, nervosity and feelings of inadequacy during interpersonal interactions. The female students reported significantly higher psychological distress levels when compared to the male students (p < 0.001). The adolescents reporting parental alcohol use problems and the experience of physical/psychological abuse showed significantly higher levels of psychological distress (p = 0.02), especially symptoms of somatization (p < 0.001), hostility (p = 0.005) and anxiety (p = 0.01), than those not reporting any of these psychosocial factors. CONCLUSION The mental health profile of female adolescents from an urban area of Morocco is worse than that of their male fellow students. Adolescents reporting parental alcohol use problems and/or the experience of physical/psychological abuse need synchronized support from social- and healthcare services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Btissame Zouini
- 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Anis Sfendla
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Errachidia, Morocco
| | | | - Meftaha Senhaji
- 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Nóra Kerekes
- 3Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yoon S, Pei F, Wang X, Yoon D, Lee G, Shockley McCarthy K, Schoppe-Sullivan SJ. Vulnerability or resilience to early substance use among adolescents at risk: The roles of maltreatment and father involvement. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 86:206-216. [PMID: 30336392 PMCID: PMC6289610 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Although research has indicated that maltreated children are at higher risk of adolescent substance use, it remains unclear whether the type and timing of maltreatment affect the likelihood of adolescent substance use. Research has also found father involvement to be a potential protective factor against adolescent substance use, but the role of quality vs. quantity of father involvement as well as gender differences in the effects of father involvement on substance use among at-risk adolescents have not been studied. The current study adds value to the existing literature by filling these gaps in knowledge. We conducted a secondary data analysis with a sample of 685 at-risk adolescents drawn from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect. The study found a connection between early childhood (birth to 5) physical abuse and adolescent substance use, but not for later childhood physical abuse or other forms of child maltreatment. The quality of father involvement was found to be a protective factor, regardless of child gender; quantity of father involvement was not significant. Based on these findings, development of intervention strategies focusing on prevention of early childhood physical abuse and promoting positive father-child relationships are important prevention strategies for adolescent substance use. Additionally, professionals working with at-risk adolescents need to be cognizant of the implications of early childhood physical abuse and act accordingly to mitigate the increased potential for adolescent substance use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Fei Pei
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xiafei Wang
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dalhee Yoon
- Case Western Reserve University, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Guijin Lee
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mignot S, Fritel X, Loreal M, Binder P, Roux MT, Gicquel L, Ingrand P. Identifying teenage sexual abuse victims by questions on their daily lives. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 85:127-136. [PMID: 30172412 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is an international public health problem. While general practitioners are perhaps ideally positioned to detect CSA, a lack of simple tools and their discomfort in bringing up such a sensitive subject reduce the likelihood of its being brought up and flagged in primary care. However, it may be possible to identify victims of CSA by observing its consequences on student well-being, overall well-being and risk behavior. This study investigate the predictive value of daily life events possibly associated with CSA: relationship difficulties with peers and teachers, autolytic attempts, self-mutilation, low self-esteem, addiction, poor body image, physical and psychological violence, low quality of sleep. We carried out a crosssectional survey involving a representative sample of 1719 15 year-old adolescents enrolled in 192 randomly drawn schools from two French regions. In their classrooms, they filled out a version of the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children international (HBSC) self-questionnaire. Compared to their coevals, these youth were more likely to regularly consume cannabis, OR 4.40 [1.85; 10.48] and to express fear of violence, OR 2.05 [1.28; 3,28]. They were less likely to feel satisfied about their weight, OR 2.24 [1.13; 4.40] and more likely to feel unaccepted by others, OR 1.65 [1.03; 2.65]. The C-index (concordance statistic) taking into account gender, regular cannabis consumption, fear of violence, not having the right weight and not being accepted by others, was 0.79. The C-index also including self mutilation and autolytic attempts was 0.83. Indirect thematic could likewise facilitate detection and identification of CSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Mignot
- Department of General Practice, University of Poitiers, France: 3 rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France.
| | - Xavier Fritel
- Department of gynecology obstetrics and reproductive medecine, University of Poitiers, France
| | - Marie Loreal
- Department of General Practice, University of Poitiers, France
| | - Philippe Binder
- Department of General Practice, University of Poitiers, France
| | | | - Ludovic Gicquel
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre Ingrand
- University Institute of Public Health, University of Poitiers, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sanjeevi J, Houlihan D, Bergstrom KA, Langley MM, Judkins J. A Review of Child Sexual Abuse: Impact, Risk, and Resilience in the Context of Culture. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2018; 27:622-641. [PMID: 30064308 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2018.1486934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Child sexual abuse is a problem with both a national and worldwide prevalence. In this review, the authors note that while empirical research has clearly shown the negative impact of child sexual abuse on social, psychological, and sexual functioning later in life, it has also been reported that some individuals remain asymptomatic despite a history of experiencing child sexual abuse. This implies that negative outcomes later in life are not inevitable and illustrates the critical need to elucidate how resilience may moderate the negative impacts of child sexual abuse. In addition to emphasising the role of resilience, this review also underscores the important role that cultural context plays in understanding child sexual abuse, as there are known risk factors and protective factors specific to different cultures. Similarly, one's culture may also influence whether abuse is reported and addressed, and the topic is given special attention in this paper because it is not widely discussed within the existing literature. The impact of child sexual abuse on mental health, sexual health, and social functioning is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerusha Sanjeevi
- a Department of Psychology , Minnesota State University , Mankato , MN , USA
| | - Daniel Houlihan
- a Department of Psychology , Minnesota State University , Mankato , MN , USA
| | - Kelly A Bergstrom
- a Department of Psychology , Minnesota State University , Mankato , MN , USA
| | - Moses M Langley
- a Department of Psychology , Minnesota State University , Mankato , MN , USA
| | - Jaxson Judkins
- a Department of Psychology , Minnesota State University , Mankato , MN , USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mendoza-Meléndez MÁ, Cepeda A, Frankeberger J, López-Macario M, Valdez A. History of child sexual abuse among women consuming illicit substances in Mexico City. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2018; 23:520-527. [PMID: 30393464 PMCID: PMC6214458 DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2018.1489478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a pervasive problem that has been linked to numerous developmental, social, health, and substance use consequences. Nevertheless, the relationship between CSA and the consumption of psychoactive substances has not been adequately studied in Mexico. The present study aims to examine this association between history of CSA and illicit substance use and associated risk behaviors in a sample of young adult women in Mexico City. DESIGN AND METHODS The present study uses a cross-sectional design to examine sexual abuse history among women who use illicit substances. Data collection consisted of a questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews with 101 women who sought treatment for substance use in Mexico City. A bivariate analysis was used to examine women who experienced sexual abuse and those who did not. Odds ratio and relative risk were estimated. RESULTS A total of 101 women were interviewed with an average age of 19.2 years. The average age of onset of drug use was 15.4 years. Among participants, 68% reported having been victims of sexual abuse and rape. The average age of reported sexual abuse was 12.2 years. Participants reported a high rate of polydrug use (32.7%), consuming more than two drugs. Sexual abuse was associated with detention by police for drugs, forced prostitution, and consumption of substances during pregnancy. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study found that sexual abuse and rape were highly associated with substance abuse outcomes and associated risk behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Mendoza-Meléndez
- Program on Science, Technology and Society, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
- Transdisciplinary Research Institute, Division of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alice Cepeda
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Frankeberger
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mateo López-Macario
- Transdisciplinary Research Institute, Division of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Avelardo Valdez
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abajobir AA, Najman JM, Williams G, Strathearn L, Clavarino A, Kisely S. Substantiated childhood maltreatment and young adulthood cannabis use disorders: A pre-birth cohort study. Psychiatry Res 2017; 256:21-31. [PMID: 28622571 PMCID: PMC5603409 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the association between exposure to prospectively-substantiated childhood maltreatment between 0 and 14 years of age and lifetime cannabis use, abuse and dependence reported at 21 years. Data were taken from 2526 (51.6% female) participants in the Mater Hospital-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy, a pre-birth, prospective, cohort study. Prospectively-substantiated cases of childhood maltreatment, reported to the government child protection agencies between 0 and 14 years of age, were linked to CIDI DSM-IV self-report data from the 21-year follow-up. Exposure to any childhood maltreatment, and childhood neglect in particular, predicted subsequent cannabis abuse with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of 1.79 and 2.62, respectively. Any childhood maltreatment, physical abuse, emotional abuse and neglect predicted cannabis dependence with AORs of 2.47, 2.81, 2.44 and 2.68, respectively. The associations for an early age of onset of cannabis abuse and dependence were significant and consistent for maltreated children. In addition, frequency of maltreatment substantiations predicted cannabis abuse, dependence and an early age of onset of these disorders. The AORs for cannabis ever use without any DSM-IV cannabis disorder were 1.78 for any maltreatment and 2.15 for emotional abuse. Any childhood maltreatment and neglect predicted lifetime ever cannabis use, as well as cannabis use disorder. There was little evidence for any interaction between gender and different forms of childhood maltreatment and its association with cannabis use disorders. Physical abuse, emotional abuse and neglect, as well as multiple episodes of maltreatment independently predicted cannabis use disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanuel Alemu Abajobir
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Public Health Building, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jake Moses Najman
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Public Health Building, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia; Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Center, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gail Williams
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Public Health Building, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lane Strathearn
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Center for Disabilities and Development, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alexandra Clavarino
- Faculty of Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steve Kisely
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry, Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Few LR, Grant JD, Nelson EC, Trull TJ, Grucza RA, Bucholz KK, Verweij KJH, Martin NG, Statham DJ, Madden PAF, Heath AC, Lynskey MT, Agrawal A. Cannabis Involvement and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: A Discordant Twin Approach. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2017; 77:873-880. [PMID: 27797688 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2016.77.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cannabis use, particularly at an early age, has been linked to suicidal thoughts and behavior, but minimal work has examined the association between cannabis use and lifetime nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). The current study aims to characterize the overlap between lifetime and early cannabis use and NSSI and to examine genetic and environmental mechanisms of this association. METHOD Adult male and female twins from the Australian Twin Registry (N = 9,583) were used to examine the odds of NSSI associated with lifetime cannabis use and early cannabis use (i.e., <17 years of age). These associations were also examined within monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for cannabis use and MZ twins discordant for early cannabis use. Analyses were replicated in an independent sample of female twins (n = 3,787) accounting for the age at onset of cannabis use and NSSI. RESULTS Lifetime cannabis use (odds ratio [OR] = 2.84, 95% CI [2.23, 3.61]) and early cannabis use were associated with increased odds of NSSI (OR = 2.15, 95% CI [1.75, 2.65]), and this association remained when accounting for covariates. The association was only significant, however, in MZ twin pairs discordant for early cannabis use (OR = 3.20, 95% CI [1.17, 8.73]). Replication analyses accounting for the temporal ordering of cannabis use and NSSI yielded similar findings of nominal significance. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that NSSI is associated with cannabis involvement via differing mechanisms. For lifetime cannabis use, the lack of association in discordant pairs suggests the role of shared genes and family environment. However, in addition to such shared familial influences, person-specific and putatively causal factors contribute to the relationship between early cannabis use and NSSI. Therefore, delaying the onset of cannabis use may reduce exposure to influences that exacerbate vulnerabilities to NSSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Few
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Julia D Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Elliot C Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Timothy J Trull
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Richard A Grucza
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Karin J H Verweij
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dixie J Statham
- School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael T Lynskey
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mills R, Kisely S, Alati R, Strathearn L, Najman JM. Child maltreatment and cannabis use in young adulthood: a birth cohort study. Addiction 2017; 112:494-501. [PMID: 27741369 DOI: 10.1111/add.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether: (1) child maltreatment is associated with life-time cannabis use, early-onset cannabis use, daily cannabis use and DSM-IV cannabis abuse in young adulthood; and (2) behaviour problems, tobacco use and alcohol use at age 14 are associated with cannabis use. DESIGN Birth cohort using linked government agency child protection data to define exposure to child maltreatment. SETTING The Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy in Brisbane, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Of the original cohort of 7223 mother and child pairs, obtained from consecutive presentations for prenatal care at a hospital serving a cross-section of the community, 3778 (52.3%) of the young people participated at age 21 years. MEASUREMENTS Exposure to child maltreatment was established by substantiated government agency reports. Cannabis outcomes were by self-report questionnaire and Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)-Auto at age 21. Associations were adjusted for a range of potential confounders. Additional adjustment was carried out for variables measured at age 14-youth behaviour problems [Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)], tobacco use and alcohol use. FINDINGS After adjustment, substantiated child maltreatment was associated with any life-time cannabis use [odds ratio (OR) = 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-2.39], cannabis use prior to age 17 (OR = 2.47, 95 % CI = 1.67-3.65), daily cannabis use (OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.49-4.81) and DSM-IV cannabis abuse/dependence (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.07-2.77). Externalizing behaviour and tobacco and alcohol use at age 14 were associated significantly with almost all cannabis outcomes (P < 0.05), with internalizing behaviour associated inversely (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Children in Australia who are documented as having been maltreated are more likely to go on to use cannabis before the age of 17, use cannabis as an adult, use cannabis daily and meet DSM-IV criteria for cannabis dependence. Externalizing behaviour in adolescence appears partly to mediate the association with adult cannabis use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mills
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Logan Hospital, Meadowbrook, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steve Kisely
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lane Strathearn
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Iowa City, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Jake M Najman
- Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bucholz KK, McCutcheon VV, Agrawal A, Dick DM, Hesselbrock VM, Kramer JR, Kuperman S, Nurnberger JI, Salvatore JE, Schuckit MA, Bierut LJ, Foroud TM, Chan G, Hesselbrock M, Meyers JL, Edenberg HJ, Porjesz B. Comparison of Parent, Peer, Psychiatric, and Cannabis Use Influences Across Stages of Offspring Alcohol Involvement: Evidence from the COGA Prospective Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:359-368. [PMID: 28073157 PMCID: PMC5272776 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All stages of development of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have not been equally studied. While initiation of drinking has been given considerable attention, other stages have not been as thoroughly investigated. It is not clear whether the same factors are associated consistently across early and late transitions in AUD involvement. High-risk family samples that are enriched for AUD vulnerability and transitions in AUD development offer an opportunity to examine influences across multiple stages of AUD development. METHODS Data from adolescents and young adults from high-risk families were used to study 4 transitions in AUD development-time to first drink, first drink to first problem, first drink to first diagnosis, and first problem to first diagnosis. Cox modeling was used to compare associations of parental AUD, parental separation, peer substance use, offspring ever-use of cannabis, trauma exposures, and internalizing and externalizing psychopathology across transitions. RESULTS Hazards of most transitions were elevated for those who had ever used cannabis, those who attributed substance use to their peers, those with externalizing disorders, and those with parents with AUD. Many risk factors were linked to early initiation of alcohol, particularly cannabis use. Internalizing disorders were associated with later stages. Nonassaultive trauma was associated only with early initiation; assaultive trauma was not associated with any transition. CONCLUSIONS In this large, ethnically diverse sample of high-risk youth, significant influences across transitions were fairly consistent, with externalizing disorders and cannabis ever-use elevating the likelihood of each stage, and peer and parental (and especially maternal AUD) influences linked to initiation and some later stages. Finally, in light of the increasingly permissive legal and social stances toward cannabis in the United States, the marked elevations of all alcohol outcomes observed for cannabis use underscore the importance of studying the underpinnings of this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - John R Kramer
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Michie Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nelson DB, Zhao H, Corrado R, Mastrogiannnis DM, Lepore SJ. Preventing Unintended Pregnancy Among Young Sexually Active Women: Recognizing the Role of Violence, Self-Esteem, and Depressive Symptoms on Use of Contraception. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2017; 26:352-360. [PMID: 28045570 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2016.5753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ineffective contraceptive use among young sexually active women is extremely prevalent and poses a significant risk for unintended pregnancy (UP). Ineffective contraception involves the use of the withdrawal method or the inconsistent use of other types of contraception (i.e., condoms and birth control pills). This investigation examined violence exposure and psychological factors related to ineffective contraceptive use among young sexually active women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Young, nonpregnant sexually active women (n = 315) were recruited from an urban family planning clinic in 2013 to participate in a longitudinal study. Tablet-based surveys measured childhood violence, community-level violence, intimate partner violence, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem. Follow-up surveys measured type and consistency of contraception used 9 months later. Multivariate logistic regression models assessed violence and psychological risk factors as main effects and moderators related to ineffective compared with effective use of contraception. RESULTS The multivariate logistic regression model showed that childhood sexual violence and low self-esteem were significantly related to ineffective use of contraception (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.69, confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.18-6.17, and aOR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.28-0.93; respectively), although self-esteem did not moderate the relationship between childhood sexual violence and ineffective use of contraception (aOR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.08-1.84). Depressive symptoms were not related to ineffective use of contraception in the multivariate model. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to reduce UP should recognize the long-term effects of childhood sexual violence and address the role of low self-esteem on the ability of young sexually active women to effectively and consistently use contraception to prevent UP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah B Nelson
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Ob/Gyn, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- 2 Department of of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel Corrado
- 3 Applied Public Health Informatics Fellow, Division of Informatics, Information Technology and Telecommunication Centers for Disease Control , New York, New York
| | | | - Stephen J Lepore
- 5 Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Werner KB, Sartor CE, McCutcheon VV, Grant JD, Nelson EC, Heath AC, Bucholz KK. Association of Specific Traumatic Experiences With Alcohol Initiation and Transitions to Problem Use in European American and African American Women. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:2401-2408. [PMID: 27656844 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to (i) characterize racial differences in alcohol involvement and (ii) examine the risk conferred by specific trauma exposures and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for different stages of alcohol involvement in European American (EA) and African American (AA) women. METHODS Data are from the Missouri Adolescent Female Twins Study (N = 3,787, 14.6% AA; mean age at most recent interview = 24.5 [SD 2.8]). Trauma exposures (e.g., sexual abuse [SA], physical abuse [PA], witnessing another person being killed or injured, experiencing an accident, and experiencing a disaster) were modeled as time-varying predictors of alcohol initiation, transition to first alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptom, and transition to AUD diagnosis using Cox proportional hazards regression while taking into account other substance involvement, parental characteristics, and commonly co-occurring psychiatric disorders. RESULTS In EA women only, SA was associated with alcohol initiation prior to the age of 14, PA predicted transition from initiation to first AUD symptom, and PA, witnessing injury or death, and SA predicted transition to AUD diagnosis. No association was discovered between trauma exposures or PTSD for any stage of alcohol involvement in AA women. CONCLUSIONS Results reveal trauma experiences as important contributors to all stages of alcohol involvement in EA women only, with different trauma types conferring risk for each stage of alcohol involvement. PTSD was not revealed as a significant predictor of AUD in EA or AA women, suggesting trauma, independent of PTSD, directly contributes to alcohol involvement. Findings highlight the importance of considering racial differences when developing etiologic models of the association of traumatic experiences with alcohol involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly B Werner
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Carolyn E Sartor
- Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Julia D Grant
- Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Elliot C Nelson
- Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Richmond-Rakerd LS, Slutske WS, Lynskey MT, Agrawal A, Madden PAF, Bucholz KK, Heath AC, Statham DJ, Martin NG. Age at first use and later substance use disorder: Shared genetic and environmental pathways for nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 125:946-959. [PMID: 27537477 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral genetic studies have provided insights into why early substance use initiation is associated with increased risk for disorder. Few genetically informative studies, however, have operationalized initiation as the timing of first use and simultaneously modeled the timing of initiation and problematic use of multiple substances. Such research can help capture the risk associated with early initiation and determine the extent to which genetic and environmental risk generalizes across substances. This study utilized a behavior genetic approach to examine the relation between the age of substance use initiation and symptoms of substance use disorder. Participants were 7,285 monozygotic and dizygotic twins (40% male, mean age at interview = 30.6 years) from the Australian Twin Registry who reported on their ages of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis initiation and symptoms of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., DSM-IV) nicotine dependence, alcohol use disorder, and cannabis use disorder. Biometric modeling was conducted to (a) determine the structure of genetic and environmental influences on initiation and disorder and (b) examine their genetic and environmental overlap. The latent structure of initiation differed across men and women. The familial covariance between initiation and disorder was genetic among men and genetic and environmental among women, suggesting that the relation between first substance use and disorder is partly explained by a shared liability. After accounting for familial overlap, significant unique environmental correlations were observed, indicating that the age of initiation of multiple drugs may directly increase risk for substance-related problems. Results support the utility of conceptualizing initiation in terms of age and of adopting a multivariate approach. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael T Lynskey
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Orr JM, Paschall CJ, Banich MT. Recreational marijuana use impacts white matter integrity and subcortical (but not cortical) morphometry. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 12:47-56. [PMID: 27408790 PMCID: PMC4925620 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A recent shift in legal and social attitudes toward marijuana use has also spawned a surge of interest in understanding the effects of marijuana use on the brain. There is considerable evidence that an adolescent onset of marijuana use negatively impacts white matter coherence. On the other hand, a recent well-controlled study demonstrated no effects of marijuana use on the morphometry of subcortical or cortical structures when users and non-users were matched for alcohol use. Regardless, most studies have involved small, carefully selected samples, so the ability to generalize to larger populations is limited. In an attempt to address this issue, we examined the effects of marijuana use on white matter integrity and cortical and subcortical morphometry using data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) consortium. The HCP data consists of ultra-high resolution neuroimaging data from a large community sample, including 466 adults reporting recreational marijuana use. Rather than just contrasting two groups of individuals who vary significantly in marijuana usage as typifies prior studies, we leveraged the large sample size provided by the HCP data to examine parametric effects of recreational marijuana use. Our results indicate that the earlier the age of onset of marijuana use, the lower was white matter coherence. Age of onset also also affected the shape of the accumbens, while the number of lifetime uses impacted the shape of the amygdala and hippocampus. Marijuana use had no effect on cortical volumes. These findings suggest subtle but significant effects of recreational marijuana use on brain structure. Effects of marijuana use on brain morphology in 466 recreational users were investigated. Age of first use impacted white matter integrity. Age of first use and lifetime times used impacted shape of the hippocampus and accumbens Marijuana use did not affect cortical volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Orr
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, United States; Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, United States
| | - Courtnie J Paschall
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, United States
| | - Marie T Banich
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, United States; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Werner KB, McCutcheon VV, Agrawal A, Sartor CE, Nelson EC, Heath AC, Bucholz KK. The association of specific traumatic experiences with cannabis initiation and transition to problem use: Differences between African-American and European-American women. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 162:162-9. [PMID: 27012434 PMCID: PMC4833569 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To examine the contribution of trauma exposure to cannabis initiation and transition to first cannabis use disorder (CUD) symptom in African-American (AA) and European-American (EA) emerging adults. METHODS Data are from the Missouri Adolescent Female Twins Study [(N=3787); 14.6% AA; mean age=21.7 (SD 3.8)]. Trauma exposures (e.g. sexual abuse, physical abuse, witnessing another person being killed or injured, experiencing an accident, and experiencing a disaster) were modeled as time-varying predictors of cannabis initiation and transition to CUD symptom using Cox proportional hazards regression. Other substance involvement and psychiatric disorders were considered as time-varying covariates. RESULTS Analyses revealed different trauma-related and psychiatric predictors for cannabis use supporting racially distinct etiologic models of cannabis involvement. For AA women, history of witnessing injury/death or experiencing a life-threatening accident was associated with cannabis initiation across the complete emerging adult risk period while sexual abuse predicted cannabis initiation only before 15 years old. For EA women, history of sexual or physical abuse and major depressive disorder (MDD) predicted cannabis initiation and physical abuse and MDD predicted transition from initiation to first CUD symptom. No association was discovered between trauma exposures and transition to first CUD symptom in AA women. CONCLUSIONS Results reveal trauma exposures as important contributors to cannabis initiation and to a lesser extent transition to CUD symptom, with different trauma types conferring risk for cannabis involvement in AA and EA women. Findings suggest the importance of considering racial/ethnic differences when developing etiologic models of cannabis involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K B Werner
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - V V McCutcheon
- Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - A Agrawal
- Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - C E Sartor
- Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - E C Nelson
- Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - A C Heath
- Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - K K Bucholz
- Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Werner KB, McCutcheon VV, Challa M, Agrawal A, Lynskey MT, Conroy E, Statham DJ, Madden PAF, Henders AK, Todorov AA, Heath AC, Degenhardt L, Martin NG, Bucholz KK, Nelson EC. The association between childhood maltreatment, psychopathology, and adult sexual victimization in men and women: results from three independent samples. Psychol Med 2016; 46:563-573. [PMID: 26688007 PMCID: PMC4804459 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715002056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment (CM) has consistently been linked with adverse outcomes including substance use disorders and adult sexual revictimization. Adult sexual victimization itself has been linked with psychopathology but has predominately been studied in women. The current investigation examines the impact of CM and co-occurring psychopathology on adult sexual victimization in men and women, replicating findings in three distinct samples. METHOD We investigated the association between continuous CM factor scores and adult sexual victimization in the Childhood Trauma Study (CTS) sample (N = 2564). We also examined the unique relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adult sexual victimization while adjusting for co-occurring substance dependence and psychopathology. We replicated these analyses in two additional samples: the Comorbidity and Trauma Study (CATS; N = 1981) and the Australian Twin-Family Study of Alcohol Use Disorders (OZ-ALC; N = 1537). RESULTS Analyses revealed a significant association with CM factor scores and adult sexual victimization for both men and women across all three samples. The CSA factor score was strongly associated with adult sexual victimization after adjusting for substance dependence and psychopathology; higher odds ratios were observed in men (than women) consistently across the three samples. CONCLUSIONS A continuous measure of CSA is independently associated with adult sexual trauma risk across samples in models that included commonly associated substance dependence and psychopathology as covariates. The strength of the association between this CSA measure and adult sexual victimization is higher in magnitude for men than women, pointing to the need for further investigation of sexual victimization in male community samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. B. Werner
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - V. V. McCutcheon
- Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - M. Challa
- University of Illinois–Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A. Agrawal
- Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - M. T. Lynskey
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK
| | - E. Conroy
- Centre for Health Research, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - D. J. Statham
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P. A. F. Madden
- Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - A. K. Henders
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Center, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. A. Todorov
- Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - A. C. Heath
- Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - L. Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Center, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - N. G. Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K. K. Bucholz
- Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - E. C. Nelson
- Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pagliaccio D, Barch DM, Bogdan R, Wood PK, Lynskey MT, Heath AC, Agrawal A. Shared Predisposition in the Association Between Cannabis Use and Subcortical Brain Structure. JAMA Psychiatry 2015; 72:994-1001. [PMID: 26308883 PMCID: PMC4624286 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Prior neuroimaging studies have suggested that alterations in brain structure may be a consequence of cannabis use. Siblings discordant for cannabis use offer an opportunity to use cross-sectional data to disentangle such causal hypotheses from shared effects of genetics and familial environment on brain structure and cannabis use. OBJECTIVES To determine whether cannabis use is associated with differences in brain structure in a large sample of twins/siblings and to examine sibling pairs discordant for cannabis use to separate potential causal and predispositional factors linking lifetime cannabis exposure to volumetric alterations. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional diagnostic interview, behavioral, and neuroimaging data were collected from community sampling and established family registries from August 2012 to September 2014. This study included data from 483 participants (22-35 years old) enrolled in the ongoing Human Connectome Project, with 262 participants reporting cannabis exposure (ie, ever used cannabis in their lifetime). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cannabis exposure was measured with the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism. Whole-brain, hippocampus, amygdala, ventral striatum, and orbitofrontal cortex volumes were related to lifetime cannabis use (ever used, age at onset, and frequency of use) using linear regressions. Genetic (ρg) and environmental (ρe) correlations between cannabis use and brain volumes were estimated. Linear mixed models were used to examine volume differences in sex-matched concordant unexposed (n = 71 pairs), exposed (n = 81 pairs), or exposure discordant (n = 89 pairs) sibling pairs. RESULTS Among 483 study participants, cannabis exposure was related to smaller left amygdala (approximately 2.3%; P = .007) and right ventral striatum (approximately 3.5%; P < .005) volumes. These volumetric differences were within the range of normal variation. The association between left amygdala volume and cannabis use was largely owing to shared genetic factors (ρg = -0.43; P = .004), while the origin of the association with right ventral striatum volumes was unclear. Importantly, brain volumes did not differ between sex-matched siblings discordant for use (fixed effect = -7.43; t = -0.93, P = .35). Both the exposed and unexposed siblings in pairs discordant for cannabis exposure showed reduced amygdala volumes relative to members of concordant unexposed pairs (fixed effect = 12.56; t = 2.97; P = .003). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, differences in amygdala volume in cannabis users were attributable to common predispositional factors, genetic or environmental in origin, with little support for causal influences. Causal influences, in isolation or in conjunction with predispositional factors, may exist for other brain regions (eg, ventral striatum) or at more severe levels of cannabis involvement and deserve further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Pagliaccio
- The Program in Neuroscience Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
,Corresponding author: Washington University in St Louis, Campus Box 1125, One Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 63130, USA,
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
,Department of Psychology Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
,Department of Radiology Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychology Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Michael T. Lynskey
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Addictions, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Some of the people, some of the time: field evidence for associations and dissociations between stress and drug use. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:3529-37. [PMID: 26153066 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stress's role in drug use is supported by retrospective interview and laboratory studies, but prospective data confirming the association in daily life are sparse. OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess the relationship between drug use and stress in real time with ambulatory monitoring. METHODS For up to 16 weeks, 133 outpatients on opiate agonist treatment used smartphones to report each time they used drugs or felt more stressed than usual. They rated stress-event severity on a 10-point scale and as a hassle, day spoiler, or more than a day spoiler. For analysis, stress reports made within 72 h before a reported use of cocaine or opioid were binned into 24-h periods. RESULTS Of 52 participants who reported stress events in the 72-h timeframe, 41 reported stress before cocaine use and 26 before opioid use. For cocaine use, the severity of stressors, rated numerically (r effect = 0.42, CL95 0.17-0.62, p = 0.00061) and percent rated as "more than a day spoiler" (r effect = 0.34, CL95 0.07-0.56, p = 0.0292)], increased linearly across the three days preceding use. The number of stressors did not predict cocaine use, and no measure of stress predicted opioid use. In ecological momentary assessment (EMA) from the whole sample of 133, stress and drug use occurred independently and there was no overall relationship. CONCLUSIONS EMA did not support the idea that stress is a necessary or sufficient trigger for cocaine or heroin use after accounting for the base rates of stress and use. But EMA did show that stressful events can increase in severity in the days preceding cocaine use.
Collapse
|
31
|
Hines LA, Morley KI, Strang J, Agrawal A, Nelson EC, Statham D, Martin NG, Lynskey MT. The association between speed of transition from initiation to subsequent use of cannabis and later problematic cannabis use, abuse and dependence. Addiction 2015; 110:1311-20. [PMID: 25917230 PMCID: PMC4509683 DOI: 10.1111/add.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To test whether speed of transition from initiation use to subsequent use of cannabis is associated with likelihood of later cannabis dependence and other outcomes, and whether transition speed is attributable to genetic or environmental factors. DESIGN Cross-sectional interview study. SETTING Australia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2239 twins and siblings who reported using cannabis at least twice [mean age at time of survey = 32.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 31.9 - 32.1, range = 22-45]. MEASUREMENTS Time between initiation and subsequent cannabis use (within 1 week; within 3 months; between 3 and 12 months; more than 1 year later), later use of cannabis and symptoms of DSM-IV cannabis abuse/dependence. Multinomial regression analyses (comparison group: more than 1 year later) adjusted the association between speed of transition and the outcomes of cannabis daily use, abuse/dependence and treatment-seeking after controlling for socio-demographic, childhood, mental health, peer and licit drug factors. Twin modelling estimated the proportion of variance in transition speed attributable to genetic (A), common environment (C) and unique environmental (E) factors. FINDINGS Subsequent use of cannabis within 1 week of initiation was associated with daily use [odds ratio (OR) = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.75-3.99], abuse and/or dependence (OR = 3.25, 95% CI = 2.31-4.56) and treatment-seeking for cannabis problems (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.03-3.46). Subsequent use within 3 months was associated with abuse and/or dependence (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.18-2.19). The majority of the variation of the speed of transition was accounted for by unique environment factors (0.75). CONCLUSIONS Rapid transition from initiation to subsequent use of cannabis is associated with increased likelihood of subsequent daily cannabis use and abuse/dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A. Hines
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, England
| | - Katherine I. Morley
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, England
| | - John Strang
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, England
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elliot C. Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dixie Statham
- School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael T. Lynskey
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, England
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Blasco-Fontecilla H, Jaussent I, Olié E, Béziat S, Guillaume S, Artieda-Urrutia P, Baca-Garcia E, de Leon J, Courtet P. A cross-sectional study of major repeaters: a distinct phenotype of suicidal behavior. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2014; 16:14m01633. [PMID: 25664212 DOI: 10.4088/pcc.14m01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The characterization of major repeaters (individuals with ≥ 5 lifetime suicide attempts) is a neglected area of research. Our aim was to establish whether or not major repeaters are a distinctive suicidal phenotype, taking into account a wide range of potential competing risks including sociodemographic characteristics, personal and familial history, psychiatric diagnoses, and personality traits. METHOD This cross-sectional study included 372 suicide attempters admitted to a specialized unit for suicide attempters in Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France, between October 12, 2000, and June 10, 2010. Logistic regression models controlling for potential confounders were used. RESULTS When compared with subjects who attempted suicide < 5 times, major repeaters were more likely to be female (odds ratio [OR] = 5.54; 95% CI, 1.41-21.81), to have a lower educational level (OR = 5.1; 95% CI, 1.55-17.2), to have lifetime diagnoses of anorexia nervosa (OR = 3.45; 95% CI, 1.10-10.84) and substance dependence (OR = 5.00; 95% CI, 1.37-18.27), and to have lower levels of anger expressed outward (OR = 0.17; 95% CI, 0.06-0.47) and higher levels of trait anger (OR = 2.82; 95% CI, 1.18-6.75). Major repeaters had significantly higher suicide risk (lethality) scores (OR = 2.14; 95% CI, 1.08-4.23). CONCLUSION Major repeaters are a distinctive suicidal phenotype characterized by a distinctive sociodemographic (ie, female gender, low education) and clinical profile (ie, trait anger, substance dependence, anorexia nervosa). If our results are replicated, specific preventive plans should be tailored to major repeaters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIPHIM-Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (Drs Blasco-Fontecilla and Artieda-Urrutia); CIBERSAM (Dr Blasco-Fontecilla), Madrid, Spain; Inserm, U1061 and Université Montpellier I (Drs Jaussent, Olié, Guillaume, and Courtet and Ms Béziat), Montpellier, France; Psychiatric Emergency and Post Emergency Department, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France (Drs Guillaume, Olié, and Courtet); Department of Psychiatry, IIS-FJD, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain (Dr Baca-Garcia); and Mental Health Research Center, Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky (Dr de Leon)
| | - Isabelle Jaussent
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIPHIM-Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (Drs Blasco-Fontecilla and Artieda-Urrutia); CIBERSAM (Dr Blasco-Fontecilla), Madrid, Spain; Inserm, U1061 and Université Montpellier I (Drs Jaussent, Olié, Guillaume, and Courtet and Ms Béziat), Montpellier, France; Psychiatric Emergency and Post Emergency Department, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France (Drs Guillaume, Olié, and Courtet); Department of Psychiatry, IIS-FJD, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain (Dr Baca-Garcia); and Mental Health Research Center, Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky (Dr de Leon)
| | - Emilie Olié
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIPHIM-Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (Drs Blasco-Fontecilla and Artieda-Urrutia); CIBERSAM (Dr Blasco-Fontecilla), Madrid, Spain; Inserm, U1061 and Université Montpellier I (Drs Jaussent, Olié, Guillaume, and Courtet and Ms Béziat), Montpellier, France; Psychiatric Emergency and Post Emergency Department, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France (Drs Guillaume, Olié, and Courtet); Department of Psychiatry, IIS-FJD, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain (Dr Baca-Garcia); and Mental Health Research Center, Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky (Dr de Leon)
| | - Severine Béziat
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIPHIM-Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (Drs Blasco-Fontecilla and Artieda-Urrutia); CIBERSAM (Dr Blasco-Fontecilla), Madrid, Spain; Inserm, U1061 and Université Montpellier I (Drs Jaussent, Olié, Guillaume, and Courtet and Ms Béziat), Montpellier, France; Psychiatric Emergency and Post Emergency Department, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France (Drs Guillaume, Olié, and Courtet); Department of Psychiatry, IIS-FJD, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain (Dr Baca-Garcia); and Mental Health Research Center, Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky (Dr de Leon)
| | - Sebastien Guillaume
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIPHIM-Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (Drs Blasco-Fontecilla and Artieda-Urrutia); CIBERSAM (Dr Blasco-Fontecilla), Madrid, Spain; Inserm, U1061 and Université Montpellier I (Drs Jaussent, Olié, Guillaume, and Courtet and Ms Béziat), Montpellier, France; Psychiatric Emergency and Post Emergency Department, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France (Drs Guillaume, Olié, and Courtet); Department of Psychiatry, IIS-FJD, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain (Dr Baca-Garcia); and Mental Health Research Center, Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky (Dr de Leon)
| | - Paula Artieda-Urrutia
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIPHIM-Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (Drs Blasco-Fontecilla and Artieda-Urrutia); CIBERSAM (Dr Blasco-Fontecilla), Madrid, Spain; Inserm, U1061 and Université Montpellier I (Drs Jaussent, Olié, Guillaume, and Courtet and Ms Béziat), Montpellier, France; Psychiatric Emergency and Post Emergency Department, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France (Drs Guillaume, Olié, and Courtet); Department of Psychiatry, IIS-FJD, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain (Dr Baca-Garcia); and Mental Health Research Center, Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky (Dr de Leon)
| | - Enrique Baca-Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIPHIM-Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (Drs Blasco-Fontecilla and Artieda-Urrutia); CIBERSAM (Dr Blasco-Fontecilla), Madrid, Spain; Inserm, U1061 and Université Montpellier I (Drs Jaussent, Olié, Guillaume, and Courtet and Ms Béziat), Montpellier, France; Psychiatric Emergency and Post Emergency Department, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France (Drs Guillaume, Olié, and Courtet); Department of Psychiatry, IIS-FJD, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain (Dr Baca-Garcia); and Mental Health Research Center, Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky (Dr de Leon)
| | - Jose de Leon
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIPHIM-Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (Drs Blasco-Fontecilla and Artieda-Urrutia); CIBERSAM (Dr Blasco-Fontecilla), Madrid, Spain; Inserm, U1061 and Université Montpellier I (Drs Jaussent, Olié, Guillaume, and Courtet and Ms Béziat), Montpellier, France; Psychiatric Emergency and Post Emergency Department, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France (Drs Guillaume, Olié, and Courtet); Department of Psychiatry, IIS-FJD, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain (Dr Baca-Garcia); and Mental Health Research Center, Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky (Dr de Leon)
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIPHIM-Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (Drs Blasco-Fontecilla and Artieda-Urrutia); CIBERSAM (Dr Blasco-Fontecilla), Madrid, Spain; Inserm, U1061 and Université Montpellier I (Drs Jaussent, Olié, Guillaume, and Courtet and Ms Béziat), Montpellier, France; Psychiatric Emergency and Post Emergency Department, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France (Drs Guillaume, Olié, and Courtet); Department of Psychiatry, IIS-FJD, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain (Dr Baca-Garcia); and Mental Health Research Center, Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky (Dr de Leon)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Attwood AS, Munafò MR. Effects of acute alcohol consumption and processing of emotion in faces: Implications for understanding alcohol-related aggression. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:719-32. [PMID: 24920135 PMCID: PMC4962899 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114536476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The negative consequences of chronic alcohol abuse are well known, but heavy episodic consumption ("binge drinking") is also associated with significant personal and societal harms. Aggressive tendencies are increased after alcohol but the mechanisms underlying these changes are not fully understood. While effects on behavioural control are likely to be important, other effects may be involved given the widespread action of alcohol. Altered processing of social signals is associated with changes in social behaviours, including aggression, but until recently there has been little research investigating the effects of acute alcohol consumption on these outcomes. Recent work investigating the effects of acute alcohol on emotional face processing has suggested reduced sensitivity to submissive signals (sad faces) and increased perceptual bias towards provocative signals (angry faces) after alcohol consumption, which may play a role in alcohol-related aggression. Here we discuss a putative mechanism that may explain how alcohol consumption influences emotional processing and subsequent aggressive responding, via disruption of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)-amygdala connectivity. While the importance of emotional processing on social behaviours is well established, research into acute alcohol consumption and emotional processing is still in its infancy. Further research is needed and we outline a research agenda to address gaps in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela S Attwood
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Bristol, UK School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Bristol, UK School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Duncan AE, Munn-Chernoff MA, Hudson DL, Eschenbacher MA, Agrawal A, Grant JD, Nelson EC, Waldron M, Glowinski AL, Sartor CE, Bucholz KK, Madden PA, Heath AC. Genetic and environmental risk for major depression in African-American and European-American women. Twin Res Hum Genet 2014; 17:244-53. [PMID: 24910290 PMCID: PMC4222066 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2014.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It is unknown whether there are racial differences in the heritability of major depressive disorder (MDD) because most psychiatric genetic studies have been conducted in samples comprised largely of white non-Hispanics. To examine potential differences between African-American (AA) and European-American (EA) young adult women in (1) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) MDD prevalence, symptomatology, and risk factors, and (2) genetic and/or environmental liability to MDD, we analyzed data from a large population-representative sample of twins ascertained from birth records (n = 550 AA and n = 3226 EA female twins) aged 18-28 years at the time of MDD assessment by semi-structured psychiatric interview. AA women were more likely to have MDD risk factors; however, there were no significant differences in lifetime MDD prevalence between AA and EA women after adjusting for covariates (odds ratio = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67-1.15). Most MDD risk factors identified among AA women were also associated with MDD at similar magnitudes among EA women. Although the MDD heritability point estimate was higher among AA women than EA women in a model with paths estimated separately by race (56%, 95% CI: 29-78% vs. 41%, 95% CI: 29-52%), the best fitting model was one in which additive genetic and non-shared environmental paths for AA and EA women were constrained to be equal (A = 43%, 33-53% and E = 57%, 47-67%). In spite of a marked elevation in the prevalence of environmental risk exposures related to MDD among AA women, there were no significant differences in lifetime prevalence or heritability of MDD between AA and EA young women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis E. Duncan
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Darrell L. Hudson
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Arpana Agrawal
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julia D. Grant
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elliot C. Nelson
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary Waldron
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Indiana University School of Education, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Anne L. Glowinski
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carolyn E. Sartor
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pamela A.F. Madden
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Darke S. Commentary on Sartor et al. (2013): Trauma and drug use-more evidence for self-medication? Addiction 2013; 108:1001. [PMID: 23587085 DOI: 10.1111/add.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shane Darke
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, P.O. Box 21, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|